'Elephants in the Dust' report - UNEP

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Illegal ivory trafficking routes MOROCCO Cairo Western Sahara ALGERIA LIBYA EGYPT QATAR DUBAI SENEGAL MAURITANIA MALI NIGER CHAD SUDAN Khartoum ERITREA GAMBIA GUINEA BISSAU GUINEA SIERRA LEONE To Euope and USA LIBERIA IVORY COAST African elephant range Known Possible Ivory smuggling hotspots Major domestic market Major transit point or area Exit point, by air Exit point, by sea Other shipping ports Ivory smuggling routes Land route Main shipping route Other shipping route BURKINA FASO GHANA TOGO BENIN Lagos Douala To South East Asia and China NIGERIA EQ. GUINEA Luanda CAMEROON GABON CONGO Kinshasa NAMIBIA ANGOLA CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO Lubumbashi ZAMBIA BOTSWANA Lusaka Beitbridge SOUTH SUDAN RWANDA BURUNDI Livingstone ZIMBABWE UGANDA TANZANIA MALAWI Beira ETHIOPIA KENYA Nairobi Lilongwe Maputo DJIBOUTI MOZAMBIQUE SOMALIA Mombasa Dar es Salaam Zanzibar Pemba SOMALILAND MADAGASCAR To Singapore via Dubai To South East Asia and China To South East Asia and China Sources: CITES, COP14 Proposal 6, 2007; Wasser, S., K., et al., Using DNA to track the origin of the largest ivory seizure since the 1989 trade ban, PNAS, 2007; Environment Investigation Agency (EIA), How China’s illegal ivory trade is causing a 21st century African elephant disaster, 2007; UNODC, Promoting health, security and justice, 2010; personal communication with Dr Christian Nelleman, GRID-Arendal, 2012. Cape Town SOUTH AFRICA LESOTHO Durban SWAZILAND To South East Asia and China 48
the African continent, Kenya, Tanzania and South A frica are presently the countries of greatest concern. More ivory is moving through and out of these countries at the present time than any other countries in Africa. All along the trade chains in these countries and territories, organised criminal syndicates are an active force undermining international and nationa l regula tions that prevent trade in ivory. In sum, these nine countries and territories are the players most heavily implicated in the illegal trade in ivory at the present time according to the ETIS data. Figure 14: Primary and secondary ivory smuggling routes in Africa based on a wide range of sources including both ETIS seizures and criminal intelligence. Another ten countries and territories – Cameroon, Congo, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Mozambique, Nigeria, Taiwan and Uganda – represent a secondary level of concern as they repeatedly play important supporting roles in the illicit ivory trade. These players represent a mix of source, entrepôt/transit and exit countries for illicit consignments of ivory from Africa, while Taiwan is a potential transit point for ivory moving through Asia. Egypt, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique and Nigeria all have important unregulated domestic ivory markets in their major cities, while Nigeria, Mozambique, Uganda and Cameroon have been implicated in the largescale movement of ivory, which indicates the involvement of organised crime syndicates. 49
Page 1 and 2: A RAPID RESPONSE ASSESSMENT ELEPHAN
Page 3 and 4: ELEPHANTS IN THE DUST THE AFRICAN E
Page 5 and 6: PREFACE At the African MIKE monitor
Page 7 and 8: tion growth and rapid urban and agr
Page 9: CONTENTS 5 6 8 11 15 32 43 69 72 73
Page 12 and 13: Africa. The growing number of forei
Page 15 and 16: ELEPHANT POPULATIONS - RANGE, TREND
Page 17 and 18: The African Elephant Database http:
Page 19 and 20: African elephant range and populati
Page 21 and 22: pdf 2007-08-06 11:56:25 2000 Mean S
Page 23 and 24: population numbers, estimates on th
Page 25 and 26: African elephant population by coun
Page 27: The Asian Elephant: Conservation St
Page 30: Current estimates suggest major dec
Page 33 and 34: Trend in Proportion of Illegally Ki
Page 35 and 36: 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 1.0 0.8 0.6
Page 37 and 38: Percentage of illegally killed elep
Page 39 and 40: Elephant carcass, about 1 month old
Page 41: aids. The ivory collected is believ
Page 44 and 45: Since its initiation, ETIS has pion
Page 46 and 47: Looking at seizures of 800 kg or mo
Page 51 and 52: PROTECTING ELEPHANTS: LAW ENFORCEME
Page 53 and 54: The International Consortium on Com
Page 55 and 56: The UNODC-WCO Container Control Pro
Page 57 and 58: THE ROLE OF IVORY IN CONFLICT AND O
Page 59 and 60: IVORY MARKETS There are two types o
Page 61 and 62: In 1999, Gabon was the only African
Page 63 and 64: Asia Today, most ivory is obtained
Page 65: San Francisco, USA, had a large num
Page 69 and 70: CONCLUSIONS This UNEP Rapid Respons
Page 71 and 72: RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ACTION The reco
Page 73 and 74: CONTRIBUTORS AND REVIEWERS EDITORIA
Page 75 and 76: CITES (2012b). Cop 16 proposal 12.
Page 77: Norton-Griffiths, M. (1978). Counti

'Elephants in the Dust' report - UNEP

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