Leapfrogging Possibilities For Sustainable Consumption and ...

Table of Content
Executive Summary ........................................................................................................... 4
1 Background ................................................................................................................. 5
1.1 Objective ............................................................................................................. 8
1.2 Methodology ....................................................................................................... 8
2 Synopsis of status of production and consumption in Africa ..................................... 9
2.1 Production of products and economic structure.................................................. 9
2.2 Consumption and Poverty................................................................................... 9
2.3 Challenges in production and consumption...................................................... 10
2.3.1 Production and infrastructural challenges................................................. 10
2.3.2 Health and Environmental Challenges...................................................... 18
3 Sustainable consumption and production (SCP)....................................................... 22
3.1 Definitions......................................................................................................... 22
3.2 Current activities related to SCP....................................................................... 23
3.2.1 Worldwide................................................................................................. 23
3.2.2 Africa ...................................................................................................... 24
3.3 Implications of SCP activity or system............................................................. 25
4 Leapfrogging............................................................................................................. 27
4.1 Definition and concepts .................................................................................... 27
4.2 Leapfrogging as an Opportunity for poverty alleviation .................................. 28
4.3 Examples of Cases of leapfrogging ................................................................. 30
4.3.1 Worldwide................................................................................................. 30
4.3.2 Africa ........................................................................................................ 34
5 SCP Areas attractive for leapfrogging in Africa....................................................... 39
5.1 Infrastructure Planning and Development Cluster............................................ 39
5.1.1 Energy....................................................................................................... 39
5.1.2 Building and construction ....................................................................... 39
5.1.3 Transport and Communication ................................................................ 40
5.2 Production and Manufacturing Cluster............................................................. 40
5.2.1 Ecological farming.................................................................................... 40
5.2.2 Symbiosis of agriculture and industry ...................................................... 40
5.2.3 Biotechnology .......................................................................................... 41
5.2.4 Mining....................................................................................................... 41
5.3 Service Delivery Cluster ................................................................................... 41
5.3.1 Water supply and sanitation...................................................................... 41
5.3.2 Tourism ..................................................................................................... 41
6 Opportunities and challenges for leapfrogging in Africa ......................................... 43
6.1 Opportunities for leapfrogging ......................................................................... 43
6.1.1 Rich natural resources............................................................................... 43
6.1.2 Low technological development ............................................................... 43
6.1.3 Very low infrastructural expansion........................................................... 44
6.1.4 Limited corporate establishment............................................................... 44
6.2 Challenges for leapfrogging.............................................................................. 44
6.2.1 Global economic structure and access to technology ............................... 44
6.2.2 Low level of education ............................................................................. 44
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