Leapfrogging Possibilities For Sustainable Consumption and ...

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Figure 2: Past and Future increase of African and World Population (Base Index of 100 in the year 1750) 3 2.3 Challenges in production and consumption Areas of challenge associated with the activities of production and consumption within the African context of focusing on the grand objective of meeting basic needs are briefly presented as follows in the form of two clusters namely, production and infrastructural challenges as well as health and environmental challenges. 2.3.1 Production and infrastructural challenges 2.3.1.1 Agricultural productivity Despite the role of agriculture is a major sector in many African countries with a significant share in terms of labour force, national GDPs and export revenues, it suffers from low-level of productivity. Plots of land owned by farmers in many countries in Africa are not able to support the entitled households due to this low productivity. The agro-industrial sector is still at a low level of development that it is yet unable to act as driver for the agricultural sector. Exports of agricultural produces from Africa that make up a major source of foreign currency in many countries have a very low added value that the real gains are far below than the potential. Table 1 depicts the different indicators of the agriculture sector in Africa in comparison with other regions of the world. 3 UNEP (2002b) 10
Table 1: Agricultural Indicators by Region 4 Proportion of arable land irrigated Added value per worker in 1999 ($/year) Per capita cereal production 1997/99 (kg/year) Cereal yield 1997/99 (kg/ha) Livestock productivity 1997/99(kg/ha) Fertilizer use 1997/99 (kg/ha) Africa Sub- Saharan Africa Near East and North Africa South Asia East Asia and Pacific Latin America and Caribbea n Middle income countries High income countries World 7.0 3.8 28.7 39.3 31.9 11.6 19.9 11.9 20.0 416 285 1 859 412 461 3 028 335 17 956 645 147 128 128 224 336 259 339 746 349 1 225 986 1 963 2 308 4 278 2 795 2 390 4 002 2 067 164 128 147 121 150 198 191 248 193 22 9 69 109 241 85 111 125 100 Due to the cultivation of new additional land, the total food production has shown increase over the years while the per capita production has declined due to population rise over the same period (Figure 3). Figure 3: Total and per capita food production for Africa (Index: 1989-91=100) 5 4 FAO(2003) 5 FAO (2003) 11
Page 1 and 2: Task Force “Cooperation with Afri
Page 3 and 4: 6.2.3 Lack of institutional capacit
Page 5 and 6: need to consider leapfrogging possi
Page 7 and 8: household and government level resu
Page 9: PART I - CONTEXTUAL DESCRIPTIION 2
Page 13 and 14: The Reference scenario assumes cont
Page 15 and 16: primarily along waterways. Associat
Page 17 and 18: Figure 6: Water Supply and Sanitati
Page 19 and 20: Figure 8: Malaria affected areas in
Page 21 and 22: Figure 9: Threatened and endangered
Page 23 and 24: 3.2 Current activities related to S
Page 25 and 26: the context-relevance of SCP to Afr
Page 27 and 28: PART II- SCP AND LEAPFROGGIING 4 Le
Page 29 and 30: African countries face the challeng
Page 31 and 32: Biofuel The development of large-sc
Page 33 and 34: To appreciate the significance of t
Page 35 and 36: deterring cattle thefts, The EU bee
Page 37 and 38: Solar-powered micro-enterprise buil
Page 39 and 40: 5 SCP Areas attractive for leapfrog
Page 41 and 42: 5.2.3 Biotechnology Development of
Page 43 and 44: Sanitation access Sanitation Techno
Page 45 and 46: Figure 12: Proportion of Children C
Page 47 and 48: programme is associated with the go
Page 49 and 50: 7.3.3 South-South Cooperation Coope
Page 51 and 52: this temptation of going for quick
Page 53 and 54: initiatives. The role of developmen
Page 55 and 56: http://www.uneca.org/csd/CSD4_Repor

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