Tradeflow Study - UNDP Black Sea Trade and Investment Promotion ...

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. Table 14i. Indicative Service Export Potential for Turkey to the BSEC region (2005) (US$ Thousands) Service Description Source of data Indicative Trade Potential Current Turkey exports to World Current BSEC 10 (less Turkey) imports from World (A) = min (i, ii) (i) (ii) All Services 34,124,963 34,233,681 102,053,500 236 Travel WTO 18,362,480 18,362,480 24,959,564 2OS Other commercial services WTO 4,989,108 4,989,108 26,648,648 205 Transportation WTO 4,130,742 4,130,742 19,843,586 981 Other Services Eurostat 3,790,351 3,790,351 6,281,597 287 Personal, cultural & rec. services IMF 970,282 1,079,000 970,282 249 Construction services IMF 882,000 882,000 5,743,182 260 Financial services IMF 345,000 345,000 1,449,522 268 Other business services IMF 332,000 332,000 11,046,905 253 Insurance services IMF 323,000 323,000 2,394,886 266 Royalties & license fees IMF 0 n.a. 2,715,328 262 Computer & info. services IMF 0 n.a. n.a. Source: Author’s calculations based on data from ITC, WTO, IMF and Eurostat Table 14j. Indicative Service Export Potential for Ukraine to the BSEC region (2005) (US$ Thousands) Service Description Source of data Indicative Trade Potential Current Ukraine exports to World Current BSEC 10 (less Ukraine) imports from World (A) = min (i, ii) (i) (ii) All Services 8,182,838 8,182,838 103,526,229 205 Transportation WTO 4,408,736 4,408,736 23,120,640 236 Travel WTO 1,498,228 1,498,228 26,410,824 2OS Other commercial services WTO 1,171,874 1,171,874 28,199,232 268 Other business services IMF 846,000 846,000 10,650,905 249 Construction services IMF 115,000 115,000 5,626,182 262 Computer & info. services IMF 44,000 44,000 1,089,428 260 Financial services IMF 36,000 36,000 1,579,522 253 Insurance services IMF 25,000 25,000 3,165,886 266 Royalties & license fees IMF 22,000 22,000 2,733,328 287 Personal, cultural & rec. services IMF 16,000 16,000 950,282 981 Other Services Eurostat 0 n.a. n.a. Source: Author’s calculations based on data from ITC, WTO, IMF and Eurostat 48/135
The commitments made by BSEC Member States who are members of the WTO provide an important indication of the potential for cross border services trade between BSEC countries. The countries which are members of the WTO have made commitments to liberalise their services sector to cross border according to the mode of supply for delivering the service. Thus members of the WTO are party to the General Agreement on Trade in Services which applies to four modes of supply: Mode 1: Cross border supply which does not require a physical movement from supplier or consumer. Mode 2: Movement of the consumer to the country of the supplier. Mode 3: Services provided to the consumers of a foreign country through commercial presence Mode 4: Services provided through the temporary movement of natural persons. Subscribing to the GATS principles, BSEC Member States must apply a non-discriminatory trade policy in the area of services to other WTO members thereby providing an equal treatment for all WTO members, undertaking to not discriminate between local and foreign firms, promoting a stable trade environment which should increase cross-border trade in services. The GATS schedule of commitments provides for commitments to be made in Market Access, National Treatment and any additional commitments. National Treatment (Art XVII GATS) refers to the commitment to provide a treatment no less favourable than that accorded to domestic service providers. Market Access refers to the conditions for accessing the market and cover six principal types of market restrictions, namely (i) number of service suppliers allowed; (ii) value of transactions or assets; (iii) total quantity of service output; (iv) number of natural persons that may be employed; (v) the type of legal entity through which a service supplier may supply a service.; and (vi) limitations on the level of foreign equity allowed by the service provider. GATS Members are entitled to make limitations in these areas. GATS provides some policy space for submitting a list of exemptions to non discrimination in market access and National Treatment. The schedule is thus detailed within the areas of Market Access, National Treatment, and other commitments, and each of these areas is 49/135
Page 1: Black Sea Economic Cooperation: Stu
Page 4 and 5: . Table of Contents Abbreviations .
Page 6 and 7: . Table 15d. Greece’s Commitments
Page 8 and 9: . Abbreviations BSEC EBRD EU EUROST
Page 10 and 11: . econometric model, referred to as
Page 12 and 13: . In this regard, travel services h
Page 14 and 15: . stock and foreign affiliates acti
Page 16 and 17: Current account balance (% of GDP)
Page 18 and 19: % of GDP . The dynamism of the priv
Page 20 and 21: . I.2. Background to Trade and Inve
Page 22 and 23: . II. Trade Potential and Opportuni
Page 24 and 25: . As mentioned earlier, the major e
Page 26 and 27: Imports Perspective . There are cer
Page 28 and 29: . II.1.3 Intra-industry trade betwe
Page 30 and 31: j j . x is the value of total expo
Page 32 and 33: . Table 10 provides a summary of th
Page 34 and 35: . Table 11. Twenty five products wi
Page 36 and 37: . Wood and wood products, in parti
Page 38 and 39: . Metal products, in particular HS
Page 40 and 41: Maximum MFN in Region (%) . make cr
Page 42 and 43: . II.4. Services With the exception
Page 44 and 45: . Table 13. Performance of trade in
Page 46 and 47: . Table 14a. Indicative Service Exp
Page 48 and 49: . Table 14e. Indicative Service Exp
Page 52 and 53: . divided by each mode of supply, f
Page 54 and 55: . Table 15b. Armenia’s Commitment
Page 56 and 57: . Table 15d. Greece’s Commitments
Page 58 and 59: . Table 15f. Turkey’s Commitments
Page 60 and 61: . Other commercial services (which
Page 62 and 63: . Table 16 Foreign direct investmen
Page 64 and 65: . In terms of existence of a legal
Page 66 and 67: . III.3. Sectoral opportunities BSE
Page 68 and 69: . service sector (retail, business
Page 70 and 71: . Table 23b. FDI in Bulgaria (2005)
Page 72 and 73: . Table 23d. FDI in Romania (2005)
Page 74 and 75: . Table 23f. FDI in Turkey (2005) I
Page 76 and 77: . 74/135
Page 78 and 79: . of trade in services performance,
Page 80 and 81: . Egger, P. (2002), An Econometric
Page 82 and 83: . World Bank (2005), Trade, Transp
Page 84 and 85: . Annex 1. Trade Indicators 82/135
Page 86 and 87: . Table A2. Major Import Partners f
Page 88 and 89: . Table A4. Major Import by Product
Page 90 and 91: Albania Armenia Azerbaijan Bulgaria
Page 92 and 93: . HS Description ALB ARM AZE BGR GE
Page 94 and 95: . Table A7 Trade intensity in BSEC
Page 96 and 97: . HS Description ALB ARM AZE BGR GE
Page 98 and 99: . country I and country j’s capit
Page 100 and 101:
. Annex 2.3. Results of Gravity Equ
Page 102 and 103:
. Georgia Sector / Exports to ALB A
Page 104 and 105:
. Russia Sector / Exports to ALB AR
Page 106:
. Annex 2.4. Results of Trade Flow
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109/135
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111/135
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113/135
Page 117:
Annex 2.5. Results of Trade Flow An
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. Note: Excludes energy and tobacco
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