Tradeflow Study - UNDP Black Sea Trade and Investment Promotion ...

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. Note: Excludes energy and tobacco products Source: Calculations by author based on UNSD COMTRADE Statistics, 2006; ITC MacMap, 2007 132/135
Annex 3. Transition Indicators computed by the EBRD The principal sources of data have been the World Bank, IMF and EBRD databases. The EBRD constructs a number of indices which provide an interpretation of the level of implementation of market reforms. The explanation of the scoring system used by the EBRD is given below. Score Large scale privatisation Small scale privatisation Enterprise restructuring Price liberalisation Trade & Forex system Competition Policy 1 Little private ownership 2 Comprehensive scheme almost ready for implementation; some sales completed 3 More than 25% of large-scale enterprise assets in private hands or in the process of being privatised, but possibly with major unresolved issues regarding corporate governance 4 More than 50 % of state-owned enterprise and farm assets in private ownership and significant progress with corporate governance of these enterprises 4+ Standards and performance typical of advanced economies Little private ownership Substantial share privatised Comprehensive programme almost ready for implementation Complete privatisation of small companies with tradable ownership rights Standards and performance typical of advanced economies Soft budget restraints Moderately right credit and subsidy policy but weak enforcement of bankruptcy legislation Significant and sustained actions to harden budget constraints and promote efficient corporate governance Substantial improvement in corporate governance and significant new investment at the enterprise level Standards and performance typical of advanced economies Most prices controlled by gvt Some lifting of price administration Significant price liberalisation but state procurement at non-market prices is substantial Comprehensive price liberalisation; only small number of administered prices Standards and performance typical of advanced economies Widespread import/export controls Some liberalisation of imports/export controls Removal of almost all quantitative and administrative restrictions; almost full current account convertibility Removal of all quantitative and qualitative restrictions and all significant export tariffs. Full current account convertibility Standards and performance typical of advanced economies No competition policy or institutions Competition legislation set up and some reduction of entry restrictions Some enforcement actions to reduce abusive practices Significant enforcement actions to reduce abuse of market dominance Standards and performance typical of advanced economies
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Black Sea Economic Cooperation: Stu
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. Table of Contents Abbreviations .
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. Table 15d. Greece’s Commitments
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. Abbreviations BSEC EBRD EU EUROST
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. econometric model, referred to as
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. In this regard, travel services h
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. stock and foreign affiliates acti
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Current account balance (% of GDP)
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% of GDP . The dynamism of the priv
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. I.2. Background to Trade and Inve
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. II. Trade Potential and Opportuni
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. As mentioned earlier, the major e
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Imports Perspective . There are cer
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. II.1.3 Intra-industry trade betwe
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j j . x is the value of total expo
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. Table 10 provides a summary of th
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. Table 11. Twenty five products wi
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. Wood and wood products, in parti
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. Metal products, in particular HS
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Maximum MFN in Region (%) . make cr
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. II.4. Services With the exception
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. Table 13. Performance of trade in
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. Table 14a. Indicative Service Exp
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. Table 14e. Indicative Service Exp
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. Table 14i. Indicative Service Exp
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. divided by each mode of supply, f
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. Table 15b. Armenia’s Commitment
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. Table 15d. Greece’s Commitments
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. Table 15f. Turkey’s Commitments
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. Other commercial services (which
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. Table 16 Foreign direct investmen
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. In terms of existence of a legal
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. III.3. Sectoral opportunities BSE
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. service sector (retail, business
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. Table 23b. FDI in Bulgaria (2005)
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. Table 23d. FDI in Romania (2005)
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. Table 23f. FDI in Turkey (2005) I
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. 74/135
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. of trade in services performance,
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. Egger, P. (2002), An Econometric
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. World Bank (2005), Trade, Transp
Page 84 and 85: . Annex 1. Trade Indicators 82/135
Page 86 and 87: . Table A2. Major Import Partners f
Page 88 and 89: . Table A4. Major Import by Product
Page 90 and 91: Albania Armenia Azerbaijan Bulgaria
Page 92 and 93: . HS Description ALB ARM AZE BGR GE
Page 94 and 95: . Table A7 Trade intensity in BSEC
Page 96 and 97: . HS Description ALB ARM AZE BGR GE
Page 98 and 99: . country I and country j’s capit
Page 100 and 101: . Annex 2.3. Results of Gravity Equ
Page 102 and 103: . Georgia Sector / Exports to ALB A
Page 104 and 105: . Russia Sector / Exports to ALB AR
Page 106: . Annex 2.4. Results of Trade Flow
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Page 117: Annex 2.5. Results of Trade Flow An
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