01 NRDC Dyslexia 1-88 update - Texthelp

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Research Report
Appendix 10
Anatomy and Functions of the Brain
Mapped areas
Serious enquirers are recommended to consult Martin’s Atlas for a full description of the
areas of the human brain referred to in this review. Serious enquirers with crayons will find
that The Human Brain Coloring Book is also helpful. Less detail, but much additional interest,
is given in the Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language. As a stop-gap, this appendix indicates
the location of most of the areas concerned, first by reference to Brodmann’s mapping in
Figure A and the table below it and then by reference to Martin’s Atlas, from which Figures B,
C, and D have been taken.
Areas not mapped
Three areas mentioned in the text, each occurring bilaterally, are not mapped here. One is the
insula, an area of the cortex folded within the lateral sulcus and concealed by the superior
temporal gyrus. The second unmapped area is the planum temporale, a triangular landmark
(rather than a discrete structure) located within the superior planes of the left and right
temporal lobe just posterior to Heschl’s gyrus (Brodmann Area 42) within the depth of the
sylvian fissure. The third unmapped area is the non-cortical thalamus or ‘inner chamber’ of
the brain, a processing station for all sensory pathways. Its point of adhesion is marked in
Figure D (the sources for which are to be found on pages 438 and 489 of Martin’s Atlas).
Supplementary references
Brodmann, K. (1925). Vergleichende Lokalisationslehre der Grosshirnrinde in ihren
Prinzipien dargestellt auf Grund des Zellenbaues (Second ed.). Leipzig: Barth.
Crystal, D. (1997). The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language (Second ed.). Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.
Diamond, M. C., Scheibel, A. B. and Elson, L. M. (1985). The Human Brain Coloring Book. New
York: HarperCollins.
Martin, J. H. (1996). Neuroanatomy: Text and Atlas. Stamford, CT: Appleton & Lange.