ONDO STATE - The Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta

ONDO STATE 

Diagnostic Survey Report 

December 2009 

4 30' 

5 00' 

5 30' 

6 00' 

N 

W 

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1500 

S 

Ikare A ko ko 

7 30' 7 30' 

S opa re 

Ig bara O ke 

Ij u 

Ila raIja reIta O gb ol u 

1700 

19 00 

O ndo 

Or e 

2000 

Ile ol uji 

Otu 

21 00 

18 00 

A lad e 

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7 00' 7 00' 

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Iluti tu n 

6 30' Ir ele 

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6 30' 

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16 00 

Land-use/land-cover map of Ondo State with annual rainfall pattern 

5 30' 

O wo 

6 00' 

Oyo 

Ogu n 

L ag os 

Os un 

Ek iti 

Ond o 

Urban cen tres 

On do roads 

On do rivers 

On do an uu al rain fall 

Ondo LU LC 

Tree crop p lan tation 

Distu rb ed forest 

Dominantly trees/woo dland s 

Forest plantation 

Fresh water sw amp 

Grassland 

Inten sive R ain fed Agricuture 

Mang ro ve forest 

Minin g areas 

Natural waterb od ies 

Reservoir 

Rip arian fo rest 

Rock outcro p 

Saltmarsh/Tidal flat 

Teak/Gmelina plantatio n 

Und isturb ed fo rest 

30 0 30 Kilometers 

Ed o 

De lta 

i



December 2009 

ii

© UNAAB-IFSERAR, 2010 

ISBN 978-978-50092-1-7 



December 2009 

Published by: 

Institute of Food Security, Environmental Resources and Agricultural Research 

University of Agriculture 

P.M.B. 2240 

Abeokuta 

Nigeria 

Tel.: +2348064779102 

e-mail: ifserar.unaab@yahoo.com 

website: www.unaab.edu.ng/ifserar 

iii

UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, 

ABEOKUTA 

DIAGNOSTIC SURVEY REPORT OF ONDO STATE 

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION 

12/1/2009 

DR. J.O. DARAMOLA, DR. M.F. ADEKUNLE 

DR. M.O. OLANIYI, MRS. F.M. ALAYAKI 

iv 

iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

Cover Page.................................................................................................................. iv 

Table of Contents........................................................................................................ v 

viii 

Preamble..................................................................................................................... 1 

1.0 Introduction to Research Diagonistic Survey................................................. 1 

1.1 Research Objectives........................................................................................ 2 

2.0 Method of Study and Data Collection............................................................ 2 

2.1 Study Area...................................................................................................... 2 

2.2 Sampling and Data Collection........................................................................ 5 

3.0 Diagnostic Survey of Focus Groups............................................................... 5 

3.1 Owo Zone........................................................................................................ 5 

3.1.1 Igisogba Focus Group..................................................................................... 5 

A. Farmer Characteristics.................................................................................... 5 

B. Crop/Livestock................................................................................................ 6 

C. Post-Harvest Activities................................................................................... 7 

D. Constraints/Problems in Agriculture............................................................... 7 

E. Interventions................................................................................................... 7 

3.1.2 Uso Focus Group............................................................................................ 7 

A. Farmer Characteristics..................................................................................... 7 





3.1.3 Isuada Focus Group........................................................................................ 9 



C. Post Harvest Activities.................................................................................... 10 


E. Interventions.................................................................................................... 11 

3.1.4 Emure-Ile Focus Group................................................................................... 11 


v





3.1.5 Oba-Akoko Focus Group................................................................................ 13 






3.2. Ondo Zone...................................................................................................... 14 

3.2.1 Okitipupa Focus Group................................................................................... 14 






3.2.2 Okoga Focus Group........................................................................................ 17 





E. Interventions.................................................................................................... 18 

3.2.3 Oloruntele Focus Group.................................................................................. 18 






3.2.4 Wasimi Focus Group...................................................................................... 20 





vi

E. Interventions...................................................................................................... 21 

3.2.5 Obajare (Idanre) Focus Group........................................................................ 22 

A. Farmer Characteristics.............................................................................. 22 

B. Crop/Livestock............................................................................................ 22 

C. Post-Harvest Activities................................................................................ 23 

D. Constraints/Problems In Agriculture........................................................ 23 

E. Interventions................................................................................................ 23 

4.0 Diagnostic Survey of the Contact Institutions in Ondo State......................... 23 

4.1 Ondo State Agricultural Development Project (Odsadep)............................... 24 

4.1.1 Interventions................................................................................................... 24 

4.1.2 Constraints/Problems in Agriculture............................................................... 25 

4.1.3 Recommendations / Suggestions.................................................................... 25 

4.2 Ondo State Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forest Resources 25 

4.2.1 Interventions................................................................................................... 26 

4.2.2 Constraints/Problems in Agriculture............................................................... 27 

4.2.3 Recommendations/Suggestions...................................................................... 27 

Conclusion.................................................................................................................. 28 

Acknowledgement...................................................................................................... 28 

Appendices 

vii

LIST OF APPENDICES 

1. Ondo State Government Agricultural Policy (June, 2005) 

2. Population Density by States with Animal Rainfall Distribution Pattern 

3. Population Density by LGAs in Ondo State. 

4. Land use/Land-Cover map of Ondo State with annual rainfall pattern 

5. Driving direction for Ondo State 

6. Start Your Own Small Scale Enterprise Small Scale Rabbi Production oryctolagus 

cunuculus Agric Empowerment Series 8 

7. Start your Own Small Scale Enterprise Pig Production` Sus Scrofa domesticus 

8. Cucumber Production Cucuimis Sativa L 

9. Cassava/Maize/Mellon Crop Mixture 

10. Operations and Maintenance of Water Pump 

11. Tomato Package (ODSADEP 

12. Lowland Rice Package (ODSADEP) 

13. Package for leafy Vegetable (ODSADEP) 

14. Production of Seed Yam by Minisett Technique (ODSADEP) 

15. Information about Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forest Resources 

16. Okro Package (ODSADEP) 

17. Soyabean Package (ODSADEP) 

18. Cassava Package (ODSADEP) 

19. Ogbin Eree Soya (ODSADEP) 

20. Poultry Package (ODSADEP) 

21. Cocoyam Package (ODSADEP) 

22. Rice Package (ODSADEP) 

23. Cowpea Package (ODSADEP) 

24. Soya Bean Utilization (ODSADEP) 

25. HIV/ AIDS Extension Guide Prepared for the Agricultural Extension Workers and Other 

Rural Change Agents (August, 2008) 

viii

DIAGNOSTIC SURVEY REPORT OF ONDO STATE AGRICULTURAL 

PRODUCTION 

PREAMBLE 

A diagnostic survey on agricultural production in Ondo state which is one of the mandate 

states of University of Agriculture, Abeokuta was conducted in order to identify some areas 

of research and development intervention. 

1.0 INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH DIAGONISTIC SURVEY 

Ondo State is predominantly an agricultural State with over 60% of its labour force deriving 

their income from farming. The State is richly blessed with varied and favourable ecological 

and climatological conditions with vegetation ranging from mangrove swamps of the 

southern coastal riverine areas through the rainforest of the midlands to the derived savannah 

in the northern part of the State. Thus the State can support the cultivation of a large variety 

of crops. The State also has the longest coastline in the country which favours fishing 

activities in the riverine areas. 

Agriculture (including fishing) constitutes the main occupation of the people of the state. 

Indeed, Ondo state is the leading cocoa producing state in Nigeria. Other agricultural 

products include yams, cassava and palm produce. Farming in the State is characterized by 

small farm sizes, inadequate supply of modern farming inputs, poor state of rural 

infrastructure, ageing farmers, significant post-harvest losses, dependence on rain for 

farming, and lack of interest among youths in agricultural activities. 

The ethnic composition of Ondo State is largely from the Yoruba subgroups of the Akoko, 

Akure, Ikale, Ilaje, Ondo, and Owo. Ijaw minority (such as Apoi and Arogbo) populations 

inhabit the coastal areas; while the Ife-speaking people of Oke-Igbo constitute another 

minority. Ondo State of Nigeria was one of the seven states created on 3rd February, 1976. It 

was carved out of the former Western State. Ondo State took off formally on 1st April, 1976, 

consisting of the nine administrative divisions of the former Western State (Ministry of 

Information and Culture, 1979). These nine divisions then were Akoko, Akure, Ekiti Central, 

Ekiti North, Ekiti South, Ekiti West, Okitipupa, Ondo and Owo. Akure town ship was 

retained as the state headquarters. However, on 1st October, 1996, Ekiti State comprising 

1

Ekiti Central, Ekiti North, Ekiti South and Ekiti West Divisions was carved out of Ondo 

State. Hence, the present Ondo State is made up of Akoko, Akure, Okitipupa, Ondo and Owo 

Divisions. 

1.1 Research Objectives 

Specifically the study included the following objectives: 

1. Identify basic social and economic characteristic of the farmers. 

2. Identify the farm activities/enterprises and the common practices. 

3. Identify the basic problems/challenges in farming in the state. 

4. Identify the available /existing technologies in farming in the state. 

5. Describe the effects/roles of other institutions in the area on agriculture. 

6. Draw conclusion and action plan. 

2.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 

2.1 Study Area 

Location: The state lies between latitudes 5 0 45' and 7 0 52'N and longitudes 4 0 20' and 6 0 

05'E. Its land area is about 15,500 square kilometers. Ondo State is bounded on the east by 

Edo and Delta states, on the west by Ogun and Osun States, on the north by Ekiti and Kogi 

States and to the south by the Bight of Benin and the Atlantic Ocean. 

Administrative Areas: The apex of the administrative structure is the state headquarters, 

Akure. Prior to the carving out of Ekiti State from Ondo State there were twenty-six Local 

Government Areas (LGAs). Fourteen of these remained in Ondo State, and from these, 

additional four LGAs were created. As at now, there are eighteen LGAs in Ondo State. An 

important aspect of the administrative setup of Ondo State is the recognition of four 

subordinate area authorities. These are areas having some recognized autonomy within their 

LGAs. 

Major industries in Ondo State include Nigeria/Romania Wood Industries in Ondo; the 

Okitipupa Oil Palm Mill; Alpha Industries, Arigidi-Akoko; Cocoa Processing factory, Ile- 

Oluji; Oluwa Glass Company, Igbokoda and the Premier Metal Industry, Ondo. 

There are two distinct geological regions in Ondo State. First, is the region of sedimentary 

rocks in the south, and secondly, the region of Precambrian Basement Complex rocks in the 

north. Some few kilometres north of Aaye occurs the basement complex sedimentary rocks 

2

oundary. The sedimentary rocks are mainly of the post Cretaceous sediments and the 

Cretaceous Abeokuta Formation. The basement complex is mainly of the medium grained 

gneisses. These are strongly foliated rocks frequently occurring as out crops. On the surface 

of these outcrops, severely contorted, alternating bands of dark and light coloured minerals 

can be seen. These bands of light coloured minerals are essentially feldspar and quartz, while 

the dark coloured bands contain abundant biotic mica. A small proportion of the state, 

especially to the northeast, overlies the coarse grained granites and gneisses, which are poor 

in dark ferromagnesian minerals. 

Ondo State is composed of lowlands and rugged hills with granitic outcrops in several places. 

In general, the land rises from the coastal part of llaje/Ese-Odo (less than fifteen meters above 

sea level) in the south, to the rugged hills of the north eastern portion in Akoko area. Some 

of the more prominent hills found at Idanre and Akoko rise above 250 meters above sea level. 

The geomorphologic units of the creek and riverine areas include sand ridges, lagoons, 

swamp flats, creeks and the anatomizing distributaries of the western Niger Delta. Numerous 

rivers flowing southwards to the Atlantic Ocean drain the state. These rivers include the 

Owena, Oluwa, Oni, Ogbese and Ose. The most outstanding characteristics of the drainage 

systems over the areas of Basement Complex rocks is the proliferation of many small river 

channels. The channels of the smaller streams are dry for many months, especially from 

November to May. The major rivers flow through sedimentary rocks in deeply incised valleys 

aligned in a north-south direction, into the coastal lagoons. The lagoons flow in a west-east 

direction, parallel to the coast. Another aspect of the relief of Ondo State is the prevalence of 

many erosion gullies along hill slopes. The gullies are very common and rather devastating 

in Owo and Akoko areas. Gullies also occur in areas of sedimentary rocks in Okiti-pupa and 

Araromi Rubber Estate. Along the Creeks, there are no sandy beaches since the entire area is 

swampy. 

Climate: The climate of Ondo State is of the Lowland Tropical Rain Forest type, with 

distinct wet and dry seasons. In the south, the mean monthly temperature is 27 0 C, with a 

mean monthly range of 2 0 C, while mean relative humidity is over seventy five percent (25%). 

However, in the northern part of the state, the mean monthly temperature and its range are 

about 30 0 C and 6 0 C respectively. The mean monthly relative humidity is less than seventy 

percent. In the south, rain falls throughout the year, but the three months of November, 

December and January may be relatively dry. The mean annual total rainfall exceeds 2000 

millimeters. However, in the north, there is marked dry season from November to March 

3

when little or no rain falls. The total annual rainfall in the north, therefore, drops considerably 

to about 1800 millimeters. 

Vegetation: The natural vegetation is the high forest, composed of many varieties of 

hardwood timber such as Melicia excelsa, Antaris africana, Terminalia superba, Lophira 

procera and Symphonia globulifera. In the northern districts, the vegetation consists of 

woody savanna featuring such tree species as Blighia sapida. The swamp flats are the domain 

of the fresh water swamp forests in the interior and the units of mangrove vegetation near the 

coast. The sand ridges are characterized by savanna and stunted rain forests. Over most of the 

state, the natural vegetation has been very much degraded as a result of human activities, the 

chief of which is based on the rotation of bush fallow system. As a result, the original forest 

is now restricted to forest reserves. An important aspect of the vegetation of the state is the 

prevalence of tree crops. The major tree crops include cocoa, kola, coffee, rubber, oil palms 

and citrus, cocoa being the most prevalent. It is also important to note that rubber and oil 

palms have been cultivated in large plantations in Odigbo, Okitipupa and Irele Local 

Government Areas. Trees that are not native have also been introduced as forest plantations. 

These exotics have been used to re-vegetate large portions of harvested old forest reserves in 

Omo and Owo. They include mainly Tectona grandis (teak) and Gmelina arborea (pulp 

wood). 

Soil: The soils derived from the Basement complex rocks are mostly well drained, with a 

medium texture. The soils, classified as Ondo Association, are of high agricultural value for 

both tree and arable crops. But to the northeast, is found a soil series under two Associations. 

The soils here are skeletal in nature and are of comparatively recent origin. In the southern 

part, the older sand ridge complexes develop brown and orange sandy soils, while the most 

recent ones near the coast have light grey sandy soils. The swamp flats are characterised by 

swampy organic and flooded organic soils, while the major part consists of decomposed and 

partly decomposed organic matter; whereas areas affected by tide bear saline soils. The latter 

soils are mostly useless for agricultural practices. 

Ecological Problems: The creeks and the riverine areas of Ondo State are a region with 

ecological problems. Penetration of the area is hampered by mangrove swamps. In addition, 

the infestation of the creeks and water bodies in Ondo State by the hyacinth weed is probably 

the most menacing ecological problem in the state. A lot has been done, though, to curb the 

menace of hyacinth weed thereby making the island waterways navigable by boats and 

trawlers. Another menacing ecological problem is the accelerated soil erosion. This is 

common in Efon-Alaaye, Irele, Odigbo, Okitipupa and Owo LGAs. 

4

2.2 Sampling and Data Collection 

The diagnostic survey of agricultural production of Ondo State which is one of the mandate 

states of UNAAB was conducted from Monday, 7 th to Friday, 11 th December, 2009 to 

elucidate information on agricultural problems and needs of Ondo State as a prelude to 

conducting appropriate research to address the problems and needs within the context of 

overall national development. The survey employs Participatory Rural Appraisal approach 

and a Multi Stage Sampling Technique was used to select the cells and villages. Information 

was obtained from two relevant institutions in the state namely: Agricultural Development 

Project (ADP) and the Ministry of Agriculture; and farmer Focus Groups. Ondo State is 

composed of two (2) agricultural zones, Owo and Ondo. Owo and Ondo are in different agroecological 

zones and Farmer Focus Groups were selected from these zones for representative 

data. Five villages as Focus Groups were selected from each zone. Villages selected from 

Owo zone consisted of Igisogba, Uso, Isuada, Emure-Ile, and Oba-Akoko, while Ondo zone 

consisted of Okitipupa, Okoga, Oloruntele, Wasimi, and Obajare. 

3.0 DIAGNOSTIC SURVEY OF FOCUS GROUPS 

3.1 OWO ZONE 

3.1.1 IGISOGBA FOCUS GROUP 

Date of Interview: Monday, December 7, 2009 Name of Interviewer: Team 3 members 

Village: Igisogba 

Coordinates of Location: Latitude 7 0 18'N, Longitude 5 0 19'E, Alt. 367m 

Local Government Area: Akure 

A Farmer Characteristics 

A total of fifteen (12) farmers were present at the meeting comprising of twelve (10) males 

and three (3) females. The major tribe of the community is Yoruba. 

There are no social infrastructures available in the community. 

The table below shows the coordinates of some social services nearest to the community 

Table 1: 

Coordinates of some social services nearest to the community 

Social service 

Coordinates 

Urban market 

Tarred road 

Latitude- 7 0 25'N, Longitude- 5 0 19'E, Alt 339m 

Latitude- 7 0 20'N, Longitude- 5 0 20'E, Alt 355m 

5

Zonal office of ADP (Owo) Latitude-7 0 18'N, Longitude- 5 0 59'E, Alt 364m 

There are no water way and extension agents in the area. 

The means of transportation available to the farmers include the use of motorbike and 

trekking to convey agricultural produce from the farm. 

The ranges of the age of the farmers are classified as follows: 

Male Farmers: between 50 and 70 years 

Female Farmers: 

45 years 

The primary occupation of the focus group is farming, while their secondary occupation is 

petty trading 

The common educational training of the focus group is on the use of herbicides. 

The main produce in the area is Cocoa. The yield of Cocoa in the area is 3-4 tonnes/10ha and 

16bags (1000kg) sells for 

400/Kg 

The farmers generate income between 000.00 - 000.000 from sales of cocoa. 

They also generate income through the sales of maize, cassava and petty trading. 

There is no Credit Source for farming in the FG. Inputs such as chemicals and fertilizer are 

higher purchased. 

B. Crop/Livestock 

The following crops and livestock are available in the village: 

Crops: Cocoa, Kola, Cocoyam, maize, cassava, plantain and citrus 

Livestock: goat and indigenous chickens on free-range 

Presently there is no mechanisation in the area, farmers use manual implements such as 

cutlasses, hoes, knapsack sprayers and spades. 

The farmers source their farming inputs from the nearby urban market (Oba Adesida market). 

The general soil characteristics in the community derived from the Basement complex rocks 

are mostly well drained, with a medium texture. The soils are of high agricultural value for 

both tree and arable crops. In the southern part, the older sand ridge complexes develop 

brown and orange sandy soils, while the most recent ones near the coast have light grey 

sandy soils. The swamp flats are characterized by swampy organic and flooded organic soils, 

while the major part consists of decomposed and partly decomposed organic matter; whereas 

areas affected by tide bear saline soils. The latter soils are mostly useless for agricultural 

practices. 

6

The community has forest products such as Irvingia gabonensis (Apon) and Tetracarpidium 

conophorum (walnut:Asala) 

Fishery is not practiced in the community. 

Farm management practices: Cash crop (Cocoa intercrop with banana/plantain and 

pineapple), Arable farming (Cassava/Maize intercrop) through shifting cultivation. 

1. Frequency of visit by extension agents: Fortnightly 

C. Post-Harvest Activities 

1. Common post production activity: Cocoa: fermentation and sun drying; maize: 

storing on rooftops (aka) 

2. Channels of produce marketing: Direct to produce buyers 

3. Value addition: Nil 

4. Processors along gender 80% female, 20% male 

D. Constraints/Problems in Agriculture 

1. Bad roads 

2. Difficulty in input sourcing 

3. No free-will marketing 

4. Poor funding 

5. Soil degradation 

6. Weed management problem 

7. Inadequate/high cost of labour 

E. Interventions 

1. Input sourcing at subsidized rate 

2. Provision of roads 

3.1.2. USO FOCUS GROUP 

Date of Interview: Tuesday, December 8, 2009 Name of Interviewer: Team 3 members 

Villages: Uso 

Coordinates of Location: Latitude- 7 0 27'N, Longitude- 5 0 42'E, Alt 329m 

Local Government Area: Owo 

State: Ondo 

A. Farmer Characteristics 

1. Total number of participants at the Focus Group (FG) discussion 

Total male: 13, female 4 

2. Major tribe of the community: Owo (Yoruba) 

7

3. Social infrastructures available in the community: Secondary Schools, Primary 

Schools, Health Centres, GSM, Town Hall 

4. Coordinates of the community to nearest 

a) Urban market: Latitude- 7 0 19'N, Longitude- 5 0 59'E, Alt 322m 

b) Tarred road: Latitude- 7 0 27'N, Longitude- 5 0 42'E, Alt 327m 

c) Water-way : Nil 

5. Means of transportation: Motorcycle, Pick up vans 

6. Age category across gender: male 40-70; female 65-68years 

7. Primary occupation of FG: Farming (Cocoa) 

Secondary occupation of FG: livestock- goat, chickens 

8. Training common to the farmers: Training by a Food Company (MATNA) on 

production and processing of cassava. 

9. Average yield from major crops: Cocoa 1tonne/year, 1tonne/30acre, 1½tonne/acre 

Cassava 10 load of vehicle/acre, poultry 500 culled layers at N800.00 each 

10. Primary source of income: From sales of cocoa: N150,000.00 - N200,000.00 

11. Secondary source of income: From plantain, citrus, palm oil 

12. Credit Source for farming in the FG: Friends, cooperative Societies, inputs on 

credit, labour on credit 


1. Crops and Livestock in the Community 

Crops: Cocoa, cocoyam, yam, maize, cassava, plantain, citrus, pepper, okro, melon 

and oil palm 

Livestock: goat, pig, poultry (exotic and indigenous chickens on free-range), fish 

2. Farm Equipments/ implements: farmers use tractor and simple farm tools (cutlasses 

and hoes, spades and wheelbarrows). 

3. Source of farm inputs in the FG: Direct from market and ADP 

General Soil characteristics: Same as Contact Institution-I 

4. Forest and wildlife products: Timber, Apon (Irvingia gabonensis), agbalumo 

(Chrysophylum albidun), mushroom, animals like Antelope (etu), Grasscutters (oya), 

monkey. 

5. Fishery practices and species: Monoculture of Clarias gariepinus or Tilapia, catfish 

in ponds 

6. Farm management practices: Continuous farming; mixed cropping. 

7. Frequency of visit by extension agents: Not frequent, once in 5years 

8


1. Common post production activity: Sun drying, yam ban 

2. Channels of produce marketing: Direct to local market 


4. Processors along gender: 80% female, 20% male 


1. Weed management problems 

2. Poor road network 

3. No credit facility 

4. Difficulty in sourcing for loan because of bureaucracy 


1. Improved varieties of crop 

2. Processing machines for cassava 

3. Availability of credit facility at a reduced interest rate 

4. Availability of Farm inputs at a subsidised rate 

5. Provision of feeder roads 

3.1.3 ISUADA FOCUS GROUP 


Village: Isuada 


Local Government Area: Owo Local Government 

State: Ondo 



Total male: 8, female: 3 

2. Major tribe of the community: Owo Yoruba 

3. Social infrastructures available in the community: Primary school, mosque, MTN, 

Glo 

4. Coordinates of the community nearest to: 

a) Urban Market: Latitude- 7 0 19'N, Longitude- 5 0 58'E, Alt 320m 


c) Water way/river: Nil 

5. Means of transportation: Trekking, motorbikes, vehicles 

9

6. Age category across gender: Male: 31-65 years, Female: 20-70 years 

7. Primary occupation of FG: Farming 

Secondary occupation of FG: Nil 

Training common to the farmers: Production and processing of cassava by ADP, 

and MATNA 

8. Average yield from major crops: Cocoa: 3-4 tonnes/year on 5-20 ha; Pepper: 5 

baskets every market day; 

9. Primary source of income: Cocoa: 350,000 450,000/tonne. 

Secondary source of income: Nil 

10. Credit Source for farming in the FG: Registered co-operative through FADAMA. 

One person was able to access Agricultural Bank loan. 



Crops: Yam, rice, beans, maize, potato, cassava, tomatoes 

Livestock: Ducks, local chickens, turkey, small ruminants 

2. Farm Equipment/ implements : Cutlasses and hoes 

3. Source of farm inputs in the FG: Subsidised inputs through ADP 

4. General Soil characteristics: Same for contact Institution I 

5. Forest and wildlife products: Mango 

6. Fishery practices and species: Nil 

7. Farm management practices: Mixed cropping, shifting cultivation 

8. Frequency of visit by extension agents: Thrice a month 


1. Common post production activity: Process cassava to fufu, maize to ipekere and 

abari 

2 Channels of produce marketing: Direct to market and through middlemen 

3 Value addition: Nil 

4 Processors along gender: 80% female and 20% male 


1. Weed management 

2. Input sourcing 

3. Poor road network particularly to markets 


5. No storage facility 

10


1. New variety of crops 

2. Training on the control of weed 

3. Linkage roads to farm centres 

4. Increased funding for agricultural production 

5. Storage facilities 

6. Control of Newcastle disease 

3.1.4 EMURE-ILE FOCUS GROUP 


Villages: Emure-Ile 


Local Government Area: Owo 

State: Ondo 



Total male: 8, female: 1 

2. Major tribe of the community: Owo (Yoruba) 

3. Social infrastructures available in the community: Borehole, primary and 

secondary school, health centre, electricity, GSM 


a) Urban Market: Latitude- 7 0 23'N, Longitude- 5 0 51'E, Alt 322m 


c) Water way/river: Nil 

5. Means of transportation: Motor bike, vehicles 

6. Age category across gender: Male 45-65years, female >45 


Secondary occupation of FG: Trading and artisans 

8. Training common to the farmers: Training on cassava planting and processing by 

ADP and MATNA. 

9. Average yield from major crops :Cassava: 3pick-up loads/yr; yam: 2000-6000 

heaps/yr 

10. Primary source of income: Cassava: 150,000.00/yr 

Secondary source of income: nil 

11

11. Credit Source for farming in the FG: No fund from the government. Contributory 

labour 



Crops: Yam, maize, cassava, plantain, pawpaw, banana, citrus, cocoa, melon, tomato, 

pepper and oil palm 

Livestock: goat, pig, and poultry (duck and indigenous chickens on free-range) 

2. Farm Equipment/ implements : Cutlasses and hoes 

3. Source of farm inputs in the FG: Formerly from ADP and Farm Service Centres, 

but presently buy from market 

4. General Soil characteristics: Same as Contact Institution I 

5. Forest and wildlife products: Oro, deer, antelope 

6. Fishery practices and species: nil 

7. Farm management practices: Shifting cultivation and mixed cropping. 



1. Common post production activity: Processing of cassava to gari and palm oil, pop 

corn 

2. Channels of products marketing: Farm gate, close-by market. 


4. Processors along gender: 90% female and 10% male 


1. Over cropping and erosion 

2. Problem of weed management 

3. Poor road network particularly to markets 



6. No storage facility 


1. Training on the control of weed 

2. Linkage roads to farm centres 

3. Increased funding of agricultural production 

4. Storage facilities 

12

3.1.5 OBA-AKOKO FOCUS GROUP 

Date of Interview: Tuesday, December 8, 2009 

Villages: Oba-Akoko 

Coordinates of Location: Latitude- 7 0 37'N, Longitude- 5 0 72'E, 

Local Government Area: Akoko- South 

State: Ondo 


Name of Interviewer: Team 3 members 

Alt 314m 


Total male:3 Total Female:1 

2. Major tribe of the community: Akoko (Yoruba) 

3. Social infrastructures available in the community: Primary and secondary schools, 

GSM, Health centre, electricity, mud houses with corrugated iron roofs, town hall 


a) Urban market: Latitude-7 0 37'N , Longitude- 5 0 73'E, Alt 303m 

b) Tarred road: Latitude- 7 0 37'N, Longitude-5 0 73'E, Alt 310m 

c) Waterway : Nil 

5. Means of transportation: Motorbike 

6. Age category across gender: Male, 31-50years; female < 50 years 

7. Primary occupation of FG: Farming: cassava and palm oil 

Secondary occupation of FG: Trading 

8. Training common to the farmers: Training on chemical application, record keeping 

and farming practices by National Programme for Food Security (NPFS) 

9. Average yield from major crops:Cassava: 3-4 pick-up/year; palm oil, 40-50keg of 

25liter/year. 

10. Primary source of income: From sales of farm produce: Cassava, N120, 000.00- 

180,000.00/year; Palm oil, N3,500.00- N5,000.00/keg 

Secondary source of income: From petty trading 

11. Credit Source for farming in the FG: Cooperative and contributory meeting, 

Grants from National Programme for Food Security (NPFS) 



Crops: Cassava, yam, maize, groundnut, oil palm local and improved breed, 

vegetables, plantain 

Livestock: goat, and poultry (duck and indigenous chickens on free-range) 

13

2. Farm Equipment/ implements : Cutlass and hoes 

3. Source of farm inputs in the FG: Self sourcing from market 

4. General Soil characteristics: Same for Contact Institution I 

5. Forest and wildlife products: Oro, agbalumo, obeche, awin, araba, mushroom, 

grasscutter, antelope, wild pig, deer 

6. Fishery practices and species: nil 

7. Farm management practices: Shifting cultivation, and mixed cropping 

8. Frequency of visit by extension agents: Forthrightly 


1. Common post production activity: Processing of cassava to gari, palm oil 

2. Channels of produce marketing: Direct to market and through middlemen 

3. Value addition: Addition of palm oil to gari 

4. Processors along gender 70% female, 30% male 


1. Marketing of problem 

2. Invasion by Fulani cattle rearers 

3. No tractor 

4. Weed management 

5. Bad road network 

6. Poor funding and bureaucratic bottlenecks in the release of loan 


1. Inputs such as tractor, plough, harrow and planter should be made available for hire at 

reasonable cost by farmers 

2. Processing equipment should be made available to farmers. 

3. Training on weed management should be organized for farmers. 

4. Linkage/access roads should be constructed. 

5. Funding of agricultural production should be improved. Bureaucratic bottlenecks 

should be minimised. 

3.2 ONDO ZONE 

3.2.1 OKITIPUPA FOCUS GROUP 

Date of Interview: Wednesday, December 9, 2009 Name of Interviewer: Team 3 members 

Villages: Ijuodo, Abusoro, Ikoya 

Coordinates of Location: Latitude- 6 0 50'N, Longitude- 4 0 ' 79E, Alt 29m 

14

Local Government Area: Okitipupa 

State: Ondo 



Total male: 7 Total Female: 4 

2. Major tribe of the community: Ikale (Yoruba) 


health centre, tap water, electricity, Mosque, Church, GSM, petrol station, cemented 

and mud houses with corrugated iron roofs and tarred roads. 


a) Urban market: Latitude- 6 0 50'N, Longitude-4 0 78'E, Alt 34m 


c) Water way : Nil 

5. Means of transportation: Motorcycle, motor vehicles and trekking. 

6. Age category across gender: 30 - 70years 


Secondary occupation of FG: Trading, Artisans, Tailoring 

8. Training common to the farmers: Training on farming practices (use of chemicals 

and planting methods), keeping of livestock. 

9. Average yield from major crops: Cassava: 30-60 bags (50kg) of gari/year. Palm oil: 

15-20 (25 litres keg)/month. 

10. Primary source of income: Cassava, 4, 500.00/50kg bag; Palm oil: 4,500.00- 

5,000.00/25litres keg. 

Secondary source of income: From petty trading 

11. Credit Source for farming in the FG: Cooperative, Grants from National 

Programme for Food Security (NPFS) and self sourcing. 



Crops: Yam, maize, popcorn (planted on partnership), cassava, plantain and banana, 

pear, kolanut, soyabean, cotton, citrus, cocoa, melon, tomato, pepper and oil palm, 

rice. 


Aquaculture: Catfish, Tilapia, clarias. 

2. Farm Equipment/ implements: Hoes and cutlasses. 

15

3. Source of farm inputs in the FG: Private Firms, ADP (at subsidized rate) and from 

local markets 

4. General Soil characteristics: 

5. Forest and wildlife products: Mahogany, Teak, Timber, Honey & mushroom 

6. Fishery practices and species: Artisanal fishing 

7. Farm management practices: Mixed cropping and shifting cultivation. 

8. Frequency of visit by extension agents: Twice a year 


1. Common post production activity: Cassava to gari, fufu, and cassava flour 

(pupuru), popcorn to popcorn, palm-kernel to palm oil and black soap. 

2. Channels of produce marketing: Direct sales to consumers, and sales to consumers 

through middlemen. 




1. Difficulty in marketing of farm products 

2. Soil degradation due to over use 

3. Weed management due to costly labour 


5. Storage problem. 

6. Difficulties in sourcing of inputs 

7. Poor funding and bureaucratic bottlenecks in the release of loans 


1. Marketing and pricing policies of farm produce 

2. Researches into soil degradation problems and organic farming 

3. Researches into alternative sources of power for milling machines 

4. Processing equipment should be made available to farmers. 

5. Training on weed management should be organized for farmers. 

6. Linkage roads should be constructed. 

7. Funding of agricultural production should be improved 

8. Bureaucratic bottlenecks should be minimised. 

16

3.2.2 OKOGA FOCUS GROUP 

Date of Interview: Thursday, December 10, 2009 Name of Interviewer: Team 3 members 

Villages: Okoga 

Coordinates of Location: Latitude- 6 0 36'N, Longitude- 4 0 77'E, 

Local Government Area: 

State: Ondo 


Igbokoda 

17 

Alt 9m 


Total male: 4 Total Female: Nil 

2. Major tribe of the community: Ilaje (Yoruba) 


tarred road, GSM, electricity, church and mosque, health centre. 


a) Urban market: Latitude- 6 0 05'N, Longitude-4 0 80'E, Alt 20m 


c) Water way : Latitude- 6 0 05'N, Longitude- 4 0 80'E, Alt 9m 

5. Means of transportation: Canoes, Boats, motorbikes, cars. 

6. Age category across gender: 30 and 50years 

7. Primary occupation of FG: Fishing 

Secondary occupation of FG: Block making, artisans. 

8. Training common to the farmers: On- the-job training, formal training by NDDC 

9. Average yield from major crops: 800-1000 fishes/catch. 

10. Primary source of income: Fishing, Average of 14,000.00/catch 

Secondary source of income: Artisans 

11. Credit Source for farming in the FG: Contributions from relatives, cooperative, 

contract fishing 



Crops: Cassava, maize, cocoyam, leafy vegetables 

Livestock: 

Aquaculture and Fisheries: Catfish, Tilapia, sawa, folo, shrimps, epoku, doje, 

obonibo, ofon, obira, yayan, opepe, abadagiri 

2. Farm Equipment/ implements: Fishing gears (traps, nets, hooks and line), garments, 

oxygen for shooters, asu for shrimp fishing, canoe. 

3. Source of farm inputs in the FG: Direct from local markets

4. General Soil characteristics: White sandy soil 

5. Forest and wildlife products: Python, leopard, gorilla, antelopes, crocodiles 

monkeys, cashew, pineapple, plantain/banana 

6. Fishery practices and species: Artisanal fishing 

7. Farm management practices: Shifting cultivation 

8. Frequency of visit by extension agents: Once in a year 


1. Common post production activity: Sun drying, smoking by fire, freezing 

2. Channels of produce marketing: Middlemen and direct sales 




1. Lack of safety devices 

2. Wave surging 

3. Sea pirates 


1. Need for credit facility 

2. Input provision 

3. Provision of adequate security 

3.2.3 OLORUNTELE FOCUS GROUP 


Villages: Oloruntele 


Local Government Area: Oke-Igbo 

State: Ondo 



Total: Male 6; Female 3 

2. Major tribe of the community: Migrants Ifes and Kwarans (Yoruba) 

3. Social infrastructures available in the community: Primary schools, secondary 

schools, GSM, borehole, electricity, mud and cemented houses, churches and 

mosques, untarred roads. 


18

a) Urban market: Latitude- 0 'N, Longitude- 0 'E, Alt m 



5. Means of transportation: Motorcycle and cars 

6. Age category across gender: 40 to 70years for male. 35-50 years for females 


Secondary occupation of FG: artisans, petty trading 

8. Training common to the farmers: Training by ADP on farming practices 

9. Average yield from major crops (tonne/ha): Cocoa: 2-3tonnes/year at 410.00- 

450.00/kg 

10. Primary source of income: From sales of farm produce; 

Average income: 820,000.00- 900,000.00/year 


11. Credit Source for farming in the FG: Multipurpose Credit Cooperative and loans 

from Government 



Crops: Cocoa, kola nut, yam, maize, cassava, plantain & banana, cotton, citrus, 

cocoa, melon, tomato, pepper and oil palm, cashew, guava, sugarcane 

Livestock: goat, and poultry (duck and indigenous chickens on free-range), pigs 

2. Farm Equipment/ implements : farmers still use simple farm tools such hoes 

cutlasses, sprayers 

3. Source of farm inputs in the FG: ADP and from local markets 


5. Forest and wildlife products: Timber (Mahogany, Iroko, Obeche,Teak, Opepe, Apa 

etc, mushroom, eweran, snail, etu 



8. Frequency of visit by extension agents: Thrice a year. 


1. Common post production activity: Cassava to gari, fufu, lafun (cassava flour), 

2. Channels of produce marketing: Direct to market 



19


1. Marketing of produce difficult particularly cotton 

2. Infrequent fruiting of kolanut trees 

3. Insect infestation 

4. Yam beetles 

5. Input sourcing due to lack of fund 


1. Protection from disease infestation 

2. Proper marketing strategies 

3. Research into the use of cotton 

3.2.4 WASIMI FOCUS GROUP 


Villages: Wasimi 


Local Government Area: 

State: Ondo 


1. Total number of participants at the Focus Group (FG) discussion: 

Total male 4; Total Female 6 

2. Major tribe of the community: Ondo (Yoruba) 

3. Social infrastructures available in the community: Primary school, borehole, 

Mosque, tarred road, health centre, church, mosque 


a) Urban market: Latitude- 0 'N, Longitude- 0 'E, Alt m 



5. Means of transportation: Motorcycle, vehicles 

6. Age category across gender: Male: 50-70years, female: 40-50years 


Secondary occupation of FG: artisans, petty trading 

8. Training common to the farmers: NPFS Training on farming practices 

9. Average yield from major crops : Cocoa, 400-500kg/year at 350.00- 

450.00/kg 

20

10. Primary source of income: Cocoa: 140,000-200,000.00/year 


11. Credit Source for farming in the FG: Self sourcing and Grants from National 

Programme for Food Security (NPFS) 



Crops: Cocoa, breadfruit (jaloke), esuru, maize, cassava, plantain, banana, kola 

nut, citrus, pepper, yellow yam 

Livestock: goat, and poultry (duck and indigenous chickens on free-range), pig 

2. Farm Equipment/ implements : farmers still use simple farm tools (cutlasses 

and hoes) 

3. Source of farm inputs in the FG: Self sourcing from local markets 


5. Forest and wildlife products: Eweran 





1. Common post production activity: Process of breadfruit to fried chips, Cassava 

to gari, fufu and cassava flour. 

2. Channels of produce marketing: Direct to market and through produce buyers 




1. Difficulty in marketing of produce 


3. Insect infestation of cocoa 

4. Insufficient credit facility 


1. Improvement on input supply such as chemicals 

2. Availability of credit facility 

21

3.2.5 OBAJARE (IDANRE) FOCUS GROUP 


Villages: Obajare 


Local Government Area: Idanre 

State: Ondo 



Total: Male 14; Female 7: 

2. Major tribe of the community: Idanre (Yoruba) 

3. Social infrastructures available in the community: Primary school, 

churches, no electricity, no secondary school, untarred roads 


a) Urban market: Latitude-7 0 04'N, Longitude- 20 0 59'E, Alt 256m 



5. Means of transportation: Motorcycle and bicycles 

6. Age category across gender: Male; 40-70year; Female: 40-60 years 


Secondary occupation of FG: Petty trading, artisans 

8. Training common to the farmers: Training by ADP, NPFS on farming 

practices 

9. Average yield from major crops : Cocoa: 2-4tonnes at 450,000.00/tonne 

10. Primary source of income: Cocoa: 900,000.00- 1.8million ;Cassava: 

520,000.00/year) 


Credit Source for farming in the FG: Nil 



Crops: Cocoa, palm oil, kola nut, coconut, maize, cassava, plantain and banana, 

citrus, pineapple 


2. Farm Equipment/ implements: farmers still use simple farm tools (cutlasses 

and hoes) 

22

3. Source of farm inputs in the FG: Nil 

4. General Soil characteristics: 

5. Forest and wildlife products: Timber (Mahogany, Teak, obeche, opepe) 

Honey and mushroom, wild animals (oya, okete, wild pigs, okere) 


7. Farm management practices: Cocoa intercrop with plantain, and citrus and 

sometimes kola nuts, shifting cultivation for arable farming by mixed 

cropping. 



1. Common post production activity: Cassava to gari, fufu (pupuru), lafun, 

cassava flour, Oil palm to palm oil. 

2. Channels of produce marketing: Direct to consumers and through 

middlemen 



D. Constraints/Problems In Agriculture 

1. Marketing problems 


3. No credit facility 

4. No infrastructural facility 


1. Provision of infrastructural facilities such as electricity 

2. GSM 

3. Secondary schools 

4. Good roads 

4.0 DIAGNOSTIC SURVEY OF THE CONTACT INSTITUTIONS IN ONDO 

STATE 

4.1 Ondo State Agricultural Development Project (ODSADEP) 

The Ondo State Agricultural Development Project, established in 1981, is located at 88 

Obafemi Awolowo Rd. Alagbaka, Akure, Latitude 7 0 24'N, Longitude 5 0 21'E with Elevation 

348m in Akure-South Local Government Area of Ondo State. The organizational mandate is 

23

to support increased agricultural production of small scale farmers in the state through 

aggressive extension services with a view to improving their living standard. Geographical 

coverage of organizational operation in the eighteen LGAs of Ondo State that is subdivided 

into two Zones (Owo Zone I and Ondo Zone II) 

rea of focus include On-Farm Adaptative Research, monthly technology 

review meeting- to train Extension Agent in agro processing, agroforesstry and women in 

agriculture. Its aspect of agriculture includes Cash crops and arable crops (maize, plantain, 

mango, kolanut, citrus, cocoa, cassava), Livestock (sheep, goat, rabbit, poultry, pigs), Fishery 

(Tilapia, Carp, Catfish), Agro-forestry, Agro process, Management and women in agriculture. 

The total number of participant at the discussion was 1 Male and 1 Female. 

4.1.1 INTERVENTIONS 

Technologies did not emanate from the organization. It depends on the Technologies from 

Research Institutes, but adopts on-farm trials. However, the following technologies were 

transmitted to and adopted by farmers. 

i. Optimum plant population for maize, cassava and yam 

ii. Use of pawpaw seed as dewormer in West African Dwarf goat 

iii. Use of potato plants to control erosion 

iv. Use of Leuceana leucocephala to feed ruminants e.g goat 

v. Cultivation of mosaic resistant cassava 

vi. Cultivation of new downy mildew resistant maize e.g suwan-I 

vii. Honey bee production 

viii. Snail rearing 

ix. Yam mini-set production 

x. Black sigatoka disease control in plantain/banana 

xi. Sole cropping e.g maize, cassava etc. 

The following institutions/agencies (National) collaborate with ODSADEP: 

i. Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (IAR&T) Ibadan 

ii. National Horticultural Research Institute, Ibadan 

iii. National Institute for Oil Palm Research 

iv. NEKA, Abuja 

v. WARDA, Ibadan 

vi. FAVWR, Abuja 

24

vii. 

FAO, AFDB, IFAD 

4.1.2 CONSTRAINTS/PROBLEMS IN AGRICULTURE 

Major constraints of ADP in performing her functions: 

i. Inadequate staffing 

ii. Land tenure system prevents large scale farming 

iii. Vegetation inhibits tillage operation 

iv. Inadequate vehicles for mobility 

v. Inadequate working tools for Extension Agents e.g. lap top, digital camera etc 

that will facilitate information storage 

vi. Inadequate funding of the Organization by the State Government 

Constraints to the development of Agriculture in Nigeria 

i. Inadequate funding 

ii. Weather change 

iii. Unfavourable government policies 

iv. Unfavourable market and price instability 

v. Inadequate farm inputs and storage facilities 

vi. Inadequate credits and lack of access to the credits by farmers 

vii. Price of agric. inputs 

viii. Poor feeder roads 

ix. Fragmentation of land 

x. Inadequate Extension Service 

4.1.3 RECOMMENDATIONS / SUGGESTIONS 

i. Staffing with qualified extension personnel. 

ii. Provision of mean of mobility (motorbike, project vehicles, etc.) for extension 

agents. 

iii. Readily available Farm inputs to farmers at subsidized rate. 

iv. Provision of storage facilities to reduce post-harvest losses. 

v. Availability of Credits/loans to farmers at reduced interest rate 

vi. Constructed of feeder roads. 

4.2 Ondo State Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forest Resources 

Ondo State Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forest Resources established in 1976 is 

located at 88 Obafemi Awolowo Rd. Alagbaka, Akure, Latitude 7 0 24'N, Longitude 5 0 21'E 

25

with Elevation 348m in Akure-South Local Government Area of Ondo State. The 

organizational mandate of Ondo State Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forest 

Resources are: 

1. to support to achieve an overall agricultural growth and forestry development on 

sustainable basis, 

2. to attain self-sustaining growth in all the sub-sectors of agriculture and the structural 

transformation of rural areas, which are necessary for the overall socio-economic 

development of the State, as well as the improvement in quality of life of the people 

in rural and urban areas. 

rea of focus include Youth-in-Agriculture, Input Delivery, Food Crops 

Development, Tree Crops Development, Irrigation Agriculture, Livestock Production, 

Fisheries Development, Sustainable Forestry Development, Agriculture Extension Services 

and Rural Development 

Its aspects of agriculture are arable crops, youth empowerment, agriculture extension 

services, forestry, tree crops, fisheries, livestock (poultry, pigs, cattle, rabbits, grass-cutters, 

sheep and goats) and irrigated agriculture. 

The total number of participants at the discussion was 6 (Males). 

4.2.1 INTERVENTIONS 

List of inventions: Nil (Technologies did not emanate from the organization. It 

depends on the Technologies from Research Institutes, but adopts on-farm trials). 

1. List of Technologies developed: Nil 

2. List of Technologies transmitted to farmers: Nil 

3. List of Technologies adopted by farmers: Nil 

4. Mandate States: Geographical coverage of organisational operation in the 

eighteen LGAs of Ondo State that is subdivided into two ADP Zones (Owo Zone I 

and Ondo Zone II) 

5. List of Collaborating Institutions/agencies (National) 

a) Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (IAR&T) Ibadan 

b) Federal University of Technology, Akure 

c) Federal College of Agriculture, Akure 

d) Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 

e) University of Agriculture, Abeokuta 

6. Weather, soil and other climatic information available: Same for ADP 

7. Annual Reports and other publications: Nil. 

26

8. Information on socio-economic characteristics of farmers in the State: Same 

for ADP 

4.2.2. CONSTRAINTS/PROBLEMS IN AGRICULTURE 

1. Major constraints of the Ministry in performing her functions: 

vii. Inadequate staffing 

viii. Land tenure system prevent large scale farming 

ix. Vegetation inhibits tillage operation. 

x. Inadequate vehicles for mobility 

xi. Inadequate working tools for Extension Agents e.g. laptop, digital camera, etc 

that will facilitate information storage 

xii. Inadequate funding of the organization by the State Government 

2. Constraints to the development of Agriculture in Nigeria 

i. Inadequate funding 

ii. Weather change 

iii. Unfavourable government policies 

iv. Unfavourable market and price instability 

v. Inadequate farm inputs and storage facilities 

vi. Inadequate credits and lack of access to the credits by farmers 

vii. Price of agric. inputs 

viii. Poor feeder roads 

ix. Fragmentation of land 

x. Inadequate Extension Service 

4.2.3 RECOMMENDATIONS/SUGGESTIONS 

i. Staffing with qualified extension personnel. 

ii. Provision of mean of mobility (motorbike, project vehicles, etc.,) for extension 

agents. 

iii. Provision of farm inputs to farmers at subsidized rate. 

iv. Provision of storage facilities to reduce post-harvest losses. 

v. More credits/loans should be made available to farmers at reduced interest rate 

vi. Feeder roads should be constructed. 

27

CONCLUSION 

Farming in the State is characterized by small holdings, inadequate supply of modern farming 

inputs, poor state of rural infrastructure, ageing farmers, significant post-harvest losses, 

dependence on rain for farming, and lack of interest among youths in agricultural activities. 

1. Researches into crop improvement, soil degradation, weed problem, diseases of both 

crops and livestock, and results of such disseminated to farmers. 

2. Government to evolve an agricultural policy that is focused, pragmatic, responsive 

and sustainable through provision of storage facilities to reduce post-harvest losses, 

availability of credits/loans to farmers at reduced interest rate, constructed of feeder 

roads, readily available farm inputs to farmers at subsidized rate and recruitment of 

more extension agents to facilitate the dissemination of research results to farmers. 

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 

The team is grateful to the Almighty God for His favour, protection and journey mercy in 

Ondo State during this survey. We appreciate the assistance of the Director, Extension 

Services of ADP, Mrs Akinro, and Deputy Director, Extension Services of ADP, Mr. 

Boboye. We are also grateful to the Director, Research and Development Centre, University 

of Agriculture, Abeokuta and all members of staff of the Centre for reposing their confidence 

in us to carry out this assignment. 

28

APPENDICES FOR DIAGNOSTIC SURVEY REPORT OF ONDO STATE 

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION

Appendix 1 

Ondo State Government Agricultural Policy (June, 2005)

Appendix 2 

Population Density by States with Animal Rainfall Distribution 

Pattern.

Appendix 3 

Population Density by LGAs in Ondo State.

Appendix 4 

Land use/Land-Cover map of Ondo State with annual rainfall pattern

Appendix 5 

Driving Direction for Ondo State.

Appendix 6. 

Start Your Own Small Scale Enterprise Small Scale Rabbit 

Production oryctolagus cunuculus Agric Empowerment Series 8

Appendix 7 

Start your Own Small Scale Enterprise Pig Production` Sus Scrofa 

domesticus

Appendix 8. 

Cucumber Production Cucuimis Sativa L

Appendix 9 

Cassava/Maize/Mellon Crop Mixture

Appendix 10 

Operations and Maintenance of Water Pump

Appendix 11

Tomato Package (ODSADEP)

Appendix 12

Lowland Rice Package (ODSADEP)

Appendix 13 

Package for leafy Vegetable (ODSADEP)

Appendix 14 

Production of Seed Yam by Minisett Technique (ODSADEP)

Appendix 15

Information about Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forest 

Resources

Appendix 16

Okro Package (ODSADEP)

Appendix 17 

Soyabean Package (ODSADEP)

Appendix18

Cassava Package (ODSADEP)

Appendix 19 

Ogbin Eree Soya (ODSADEP)

Appendix 20 

Poultry Package (ODSADEP)

Appendix 21 

Cocoyam Package (ODSADEP)

Appendix 22 

Rice Package (ODSADEP)

Appendix 23 

Cowpea Package (ODSADEP)

Appendix 24 

Soya Bean Utilization (ODSADEP)

Appendix 25 

HIV/ AIDS Extension Guide Prepared for the Agricultural Extension 

Workers and Other Rural Change Agents (August, 2008)

ONDO STATE - The Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta

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