Water Handling Equipment Guide - National Wildfire Coordinating ...

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WATER PUMPING EQUIPMENT Plumbing G. Plumbing Figure 2—Typical engine plumbing diagram (centrifugal). Filler Cap With Breather Vent Cap Legend Strainer <strong>Water</strong> Tank Pump Cooling Line (1/8"line) 2 19 3 Valve Check Valve 10 Primer 4 Pressure Gauge 13 6 5 Line, Flexible Suction Hose 18 8 1 11 Pump Foam Proportioner 4 Flexible Coupling Hose Reel Strainer Suction Strainer 3 Flow direction (Use of foot valve not recommended) (Use of foot valve not required when check valves are used in pump discharge line) Valve Numbering System The numbering system below has been adopted by the USDA Forest Service (other systems may also be available). No. 1 from tank to pump No. 2 from pump to tank No. 3 from pump to overboard discharge No. 4 from pump to hose reel or basket discharge No. 5 from pump to small auxiliary discharge(3/4 in) No. 6 from pump to primer No. 7 adjustable pressure relief valve* No. 8 from overboard suction intake to pump No. 9 reserve supply from tank to pump* No. 10 tank to piping shut-off valve No. 11 pump or piping drain valve No. 12 pump coolant clean-out* No. 13 gravity tank drain No. 14 foam-differential-valve shunt* No. 15 pump transfer valve* No. 16 engine cooler line* No. 17 pump bypass* No. 18 low volume gravity (back pack fill) No. 19 water only valve for eductor or water transfer No. 20 feed #2, #13 and/or #19* * Valve not utilized in this diagram. 117
FOAM GENERATING EQUIPMENT Foam Proportioners II. FOAM GENERATING EQUIPMENT A. Foam Proportioners There are a number of systems used to proportion foam concentrate into water streams for use with standard nozzles, aspirating nozzles, or compressed air foam systems (CAFS). The two basic types of foam concentrate proportioning systems are manually regulated and automatic regulating. The system that gives the most consistent and desirable results is an automatic regulating proportioning system that injects directly into the discharge side of the water pump. Manually regulated proportioning systems include: • Batch mixing • Suction-side proportioner • In-line eductor • Variable flow bypass eductor • Around-the-pump proportioner • Direct injection manually regulated proportioner Automatic regulating proportioning systems include: • Balanced pressure venturi proportioning systems —Bladder tank proportioner —Pump proportioner • <strong>Water</strong> motor meter proportioner • Direct injection automatic regulating proportioner 1. Manually Regulated Proportioning Systems Manual regulation systems, which must be monitored and changed manually, are frequently used. They have less precise regulation of concentrate addition and the resulting foam quality is highly variable. a. Batch mixing The simplest method of making a foam solution is to manually add foam concentrate to the water supply. This method, called batch mixing, is convenient for conventional water pumping systems. A measured volume of concentrate is poured into a measured volume of water to yield a foam solution of the recommended strength. Batching is potentially wasteful because the required volumes of both water and concentrate must be estimated, especially when refilling a partially full tank.The concentrate should be added to water, because adding water to the foam concentrate causes excessive foaming in the tank as the water is added. Since the foam concentrate is heavier than water, mixing or recirculation of the concentrate/ water mixture is required to obtain a homogeneous solution. The solution should be used as soon as possible for optimum performance. Despite a number of limitations, batch mixing is a common proportioning method for engines, portable tanks, bladders, and extinguishers, and is considered a backup method if the on-line proportioner fails to work. b. Suction-side proportioner The suction-side proportioner uses a water pump vacuum to add foam concentrate, via an in-line tee and regulating valve, to the water stream on the inlet side of the pump. At specific flow conditions the regulator is proportional. However, the in-line tee has no influence on vacuum, so the regulator cannot maintain a given mix ratio as waterflow changes without a manual adjustment. Because the regulator sends concentrate through the pump and the tank, when recirculating, its limitations are similar to those of batch mixing. c. In-line eductor The in-line eductor (or in-line proportioning system) drafts foam concentrate from a container to the pressure side of the water stream using venturi action. As pressurized water flows through the venturi, an area of negative pressure is created at the venturi throat. Atmospheric pressure forces the foam concentrate into the negative pressure area of the eductor. Eductors work on any pump that can generate sufficient pressure and are compatible with pump capabilities. They are usually proportional at one waterflow rate. Because they are designed to operate within specific concentration ranges, a different eductor may be required to 118
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C O O RDINATING G R O U P A Publica
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Water Handling Equipment Guide Fift
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Water Handling Equipment Guide Fift
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CONTENTS IV. APPENDIXES A. Nozzle F
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WATER PUMPING EQUIPMENT Pumps Note:
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WATER PUMPING EQUIPMENT Pumps—Min
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WATER PUMPING EQUIPMENT Pumps—Min
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WATER PUMPING EQUIPMENT Pumps —Li
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WATER PUMPING EQUIPMENT Pumps —Li
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WATER PUMPING EQUIPMENT Pumps —He
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WATER PUMPING EQUIPMENT Pumps—Flo
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WATER PUMPING EQUIPMENT Pumps—Mou
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WATER PUMPING EQUIPMENT Pumps —Mo
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WATER PUMPING EQUIPMENT Pumps —Re
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WATER PUMPING EQUIPMENT Pumps—Ret
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WATER PUMPING EQUIPMENT Pumps—Ret
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WATER PUMPING EQUIPMENT Pumps —Re
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WATER PUMPING EQUIPMENT Fire Engine
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WATER PUMPING EQUIPMENT Fire Engine
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WATER PUMPING EQUIPMENT Engine Data
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Page 73 and 74: WATER PUMPING EQUIPMENT Engine Data
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WATER DELIVERY COMPONENTS AND ACCES
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APPENDIXES A—Nozzle Flow Rates Fl
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APPENDIXES B—Pressure and Flow Ra
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APPENDIX C
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APPENDIXES C—Flow Determination,
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APPENDIXES C—Flow Determination,
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APPENDIX D
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APPENDIXES D—Service Test for Fir
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APPENDIX E
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APPENDIXES E—Specifications and S
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APPENDIX F
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APPENDIXES F—Metric System Equiva
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APPENDIXES F—Metric System Equiva
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APPENDIXES G—Suppliers This secti
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APPENDIXES G—Suppliers General Su
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APPENDIXES G—Suppliers J&J Acquis
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APPENDIXES H—Acronyms and Abbrevi
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APPENDIX I
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APPENDIXES I—Definitions Dacron
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APPENDIXES I—Definitions Oven agi
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APPENDIX J
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APPENDIXES J—Mobile Equipment Inp
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