LIMITATIONS OF GAUGE INVARIANCE
LIMITATIONS OF GAUGE INVARIANCE
LIMITATIONS OF GAUGE INVARIANCE
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V(r)<br />
LASER PHYSICS IN THE LENGTH <strong>GAUGE</strong><br />
The length gauge (LG) has been favored since both the atomic binding potential and<br />
the laser field potential are scalars that can be added directly to provide a picture of<br />
the laser field “tilting” the Coulomb attractive field to result in a finite potential barrier<br />
that can be penetrated by the bound electron in a quantum tunneling event.<br />
V(r) = -1/r - Er<br />
1<br />
0<br />
-1<br />
-10 -5 0 5 10<br />
r<br />
23
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