CANOLA SEED - UFA.com
CANOLA SEED - UFA.com
CANOLA SEED - UFA.com
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<strong>CANOLA</strong><br />
<strong>SEED</strong><br />
GUIDE 2013<br />
Book your canola seed today<br />
© 2012 <strong>UFA</strong> Co-operative Limited. All rights reserved.<br />
<strong>UFA</strong>.<strong>com</strong>
<strong>UFA</strong> Canola Seed:<br />
A Well Rounded Portfolio for<br />
Farmers’ Individual Needs<br />
Every farm is unique. Each field has different soil types,<br />
topography, weed spectrums and crop rotation history. Farms<br />
are getting bigger, and with challenging weather conditions and<br />
changing seasons it’s harder than ever to seed, spray and swath<br />
when you want to.<br />
One way to help manage the growing needs of today’s farms<br />
is to use a mix of canola varieties. A <strong>com</strong>bination of early and<br />
later maturing varieties can help manage your fall workload, and<br />
diversification can help ease production risk. <strong>UFA</strong> offers a full<br />
range of canola hybrids to address your farm’s individual needs,<br />
including early maturing options to help manage swath timing<br />
and enhanced disease protection where rotations are tightening<br />
or clubroot is a concern. Different varieties respond differently<br />
to growing conditions and soil types; using a <strong>com</strong>bination of<br />
products will help you manage whatever Mother Nature throws<br />
your way.<br />
Contact your <strong>UFA</strong> Crop Representative
All canola varieties have attributes that make them top<br />
performers under the right conditions. <strong>UFA</strong> offers canola varieties<br />
in all three of the top production systems, Roundup Ready ® ,<br />
LibertyLink ® and Clearfield ® .<br />
<strong>UFA</strong> Supplier<br />
Weed Control System<br />
DEKALB ® Genuity ® Roundup Ready ®<br />
CANTERRA <strong>SEED</strong>S Genuity ® Roundup Ready ®<br />
InVigor ® LibertyLink ®<br />
Nexera Roundup Ready ® and Clearfield ®<br />
The DEKALB ® and CANTERRA <strong>SEED</strong>S canola seed options rely<br />
on the Genuity ® Roundup Ready ® weed control trait, which<br />
controls the widest spectrum and stages of weeds of any canola<br />
system on the market today. It remains the best tool available<br />
for managing Group 1 and Group 2 resistant weeds and offers<br />
great flexibility with a wide window of application and reliable<br />
performance under challenging environmental conditions.<br />
<strong>UFA</strong> also carries the most popular varieties of InVigor ® canola<br />
seed using the LibertyLink ® production system from Bayer<br />
CropScience. InVigor ® hybrids have been the highest yielding<br />
hybrids over the past 16 years according to the WCC/RRC public<br />
co-op trials. And for those farmers who can participate in the<br />
value-added contract canola market, <strong>UFA</strong> features three Nexera TM<br />
varieties which utilize either the Roundup Ready ® or Clearfield ®<br />
weed control programs.
Published performance results for each variety are available from<br />
the seed vendors, and from the Canola Council of Canada’s<br />
Canola Performance Trials program. Talk to your local <strong>UFA</strong> Farm<br />
and Ranch Store, Crop Production Representative or Key Account<br />
Manager about the canola mix that’s right for your farm.<br />
Vendor websites:<br />
InVigor ® , Bayer CropScience – www.InVigorResults.ca<br />
DEKALB ® , Monsanto Canada – www.dekalb.ca<br />
CANTERRA <strong>SEED</strong>S – www.canterra.<strong>com</strong>/home/products/canola<br />
Nexera Canola, Dow AgroSciences Canada Inc. –<br />
www.healthierprofits.ca<br />
Performance Trials:<br />
Canola Council of Canada’s Canola Performance Trials program -<br />
www.canolaperformancetrials.ca<br />
Benefit from seeding more than one canola variety and<br />
weed control system<br />
Manage insect, disease and weather risk by staggering<br />
emergence, flowering and pod set<br />
Optimize herbicide application windows<br />
Ease harvest workload by spreading out swathing<br />
and threshing
Table of Contents<br />
InVigor ® Canola Varieties .............2 – 5<br />
DEKALB ® Canola Varieties ............6 – 9<br />
CANTERRA <strong>SEED</strong>S Varieties ...... 10 – 13<br />
Days to Maturity Chart ............. 14 – 15<br />
Nexera TM Canola Varieties ..........16 – 17<br />
Disease Prevention ................... 18 – 25<br />
Sclerotinia Checklist ......................... 23<br />
Credit Options .......................... 26 – 27
InVigor ®<br />
No matter which InVigor ® hybrid canola seed you choose to grow,<br />
you can always count on superior genetics, great performance<br />
and outstanding yields. To get the InVigor ® you want and the<br />
best return on your investment, secure your variety today while<br />
supplies last.<br />
InVigor ® L120<br />
InVigor ® L120 Hybrid Canola Seed<br />
134% of the checks (46A65 and Q2) in the<br />
Yield<br />
2009/2010 WCC/RRC (Western Canadian Canola and<br />
Rapeseed Re<strong>com</strong>mending Committee) co-op trials<br />
Maturity<br />
Over three days earlier than the average of the checks<br />
Growing Zones All of Alberta<br />
Height<br />
Short to medium height<br />
Lodging Resistance Excellent, superior to the checks<br />
Blackleg Rating R (Resistant)<br />
Oil Content Equal to the checks<br />
Seed Treatment Prosper ®<br />
Overall Comment<br />
InVigor ® L120 is an early maturing hybrid that yields at<br />
134% of the check varieties<br />
2
InVigor ® L130<br />
InVigor ® L130 Hybrid Canola Seed<br />
Yield<br />
136% of the checks (46A65 and Q2) in the<br />
2008/2009 WCC/RRC co-op trials<br />
Maturity<br />
Two days earlier than the average of the checks<br />
Growing Zones All of Alberta<br />
Height<br />
Medium height<br />
Lodging Resistance Excellent, superior to checks<br />
Blackleg Rating R (Resistant)<br />
Oil Content Equal to the checks<br />
Seed Treatment Prosper ®<br />
InVigor ®<br />
Overall Comment<br />
InVigor ® L130 is the standard for yield in mid to short<br />
season growing zones<br />
InVigor ® L135C<br />
InVigor ® L135C Hybrid Canola Seed<br />
Yield<br />
138% of checks (46A65 and Q2) in 2010 WCC/RRC<br />
co-op trials<br />
Maturity<br />
Three days earlier than the average of the checks<br />
Growing Zones All growing zones with confirmed clubroot presence<br />
Height<br />
Short to medium height<br />
Lodging Resistance Excellent, superior to checks<br />
Blackleg Rating R (Resistant)<br />
Oil Content Equal to the checks<br />
Seed Treatment Prosper ®<br />
Overall Comment<br />
Combines InVigor ® yields with clubroot resistance.<br />
InVigor L135C is an excellent <strong>com</strong>bination of early<br />
maturity and high yield potential, at 138% of<br />
check varieties.<br />
3
InVigor ®<br />
InVigor ® L150<br />
InVigor ® L150 Hybrid Canola Seed<br />
Yield<br />
143% of the checks (46A65 and Q2) in the<br />
2008/2009 WCC/RRC co-op trials<br />
Maturity<br />
Equal to the average of the checks<br />
Growing Zones All of Alberta<br />
Height<br />
Medium height<br />
Lodging Resistance Excellent, superior to checks<br />
Blackleg Rating R (Resistant)<br />
Oil Content Equal to the checks<br />
Seed Treatment Prosper ®<br />
Overall Comment<br />
The first hybrid to ever repeat as top yielder in the<br />
WCC/RRC co-op trials (2009 and 2010)<br />
InVigor ® 5440<br />
InVigor ® 5440 Hybrid Canola Seed<br />
Yield<br />
135% of the checks (46A65 and Q2) in the<br />
2005/2006 WCC/RRC co-op trials<br />
Maturity<br />
Equal to the average of the checks<br />
Growing Zones All growing zones of Alberta<br />
Height<br />
Medium height<br />
Lodging Resistance Excellent, superior to the checks<br />
Blackleg Rating R (Resistant)<br />
Oil Content Slightly higher than the checks<br />
Seed Treatment Prosper ®<br />
Overall Comment<br />
InVigor ® 5440 is the traditional, consistent, high<br />
performing hybrid for all growing zones.<br />
4
5<br />
InVigor ®
DEKALB ®<br />
The DEKALB ® canola line-up offers the <strong>com</strong>plete package, with a<br />
diverse portfolio of hybrids to meet your farm’s individual needs.<br />
Elite 73 and 74 series genetics <strong>com</strong>bined with the Acceleron ®<br />
seed treatment technology will get your crop off to a fast start<br />
and deliver top end yield. Maturity options and efficient plant<br />
architecture make it easier to manage your harvest. Enhanced<br />
disease breeding traits <strong>com</strong>plete the package with multi-genic<br />
blackleg resistance and 2 nd generation clubroot resistance for<br />
enhanced disease protection, a growing concern as canola<br />
rotations get tighter.<br />
DEKALB ® 74-44 BL<br />
DEKALB ® 74-44 BL Genuity ® Roundup Ready ® Hybrid<br />
Yield<br />
107% of check (Pioneer ® 45H29); 100% of check<br />
(InVigor ® L150) in 2011 Monsanto Field Scale Trials<br />
Maturity<br />
1.0 day later than 73-45 RR<br />
Growing Zones All of Alberta<br />
Height<br />
Medium height<br />
Lodging Resistance Good<br />
Blackleg Rating R (Resistant)<br />
Fusarium Wilt<br />
Rating<br />
R (Resistant)<br />
Oil Content Very high<br />
Seed Treatment Acceleron ® Seed Treatment Technology<br />
Overall Comment<br />
74-44 BL is a new high yielding DEKALB ® hybrid<br />
offering multigenic blackleg resistance to pathogenic<br />
groups 2,3,4 & T<br />
6
DEKALB ® 74-47 CR<br />
DEKALB ® 74-47 CR Genuity ® Roundup Ready ® Hybrid<br />
Yield<br />
105% of check (Pioneer ® 45H29) in AB in 2011<br />
Monsanto Field Scale Trials<br />
Maturity<br />
2.0 days later than 73-45 RR<br />
Growing Zones All of Alberta<br />
Height<br />
Medium height<br />
Lodging Resistance Good<br />
Blackleg Rating R (Resistant)<br />
Fusarium Wilt<br />
Rating<br />
R (Resistant)<br />
Clubroot<br />
R (Resistant)<br />
Oil Content Very high<br />
Seed Treatment Acceleron ® Seed Treatment Technology<br />
74-47 CR is a new variety with enhanced clubroot<br />
Overall Comment<br />
resistance for those at risk to pathotypes 2,3,5,6 & 8.<br />
It provides good early season vigour with high yield<br />
potential.<br />
DEKALB ®<br />
DEKALB ® 73-75 RR<br />
DEKALB ® 73-75 RR Genuity ® Roundup Ready ® Hybrid<br />
Yield<br />
102% of the check (Pioneer ® 45H29) in the<br />
2010-2011 Monsanto Field Scale Trials<br />
Maturity<br />
1.2 days later than 73-45 RR<br />
Growing Zones Mid-long (Central and Southern Alberta)<br />
Height<br />
Medium height<br />
Lodging Resistance Very good<br />
Blackleg Rating R (Resistant)<br />
Fusarium Wilt<br />
Rating<br />
R (Resistant)<br />
Oil Content Very high<br />
Seed Treatment Acceleron ® Seed Treatment Technology<br />
Overall Comment<br />
DEKALB ® 73-75 RR offers exceptionally high yield<br />
potential in the long and mid-season zones.<br />
7
DEKALB ® 73-15 RR<br />
DEKALB ®<br />
DEKALB ® 73-15 RR Genuity ® Roundup Ready ® Hybrid<br />
Yield<br />
Maturity<br />
Growing Zones<br />
Height<br />
Lodging Resistance<br />
Blackleg Rating<br />
Oil Content<br />
Seed Treatment<br />
Overall Comment<br />
107% of the checks (Pioneer ® 43E01) in the 2011<br />
Monsanto Field Scale Trials<br />
1.5 days earlier than DEKALB ® 73-45 RR<br />
Short-mid season zones of Alberta<br />
Short height<br />
Good<br />
MR (Moderately<br />
resistant)<br />
Very high<br />
Fusarium Wilt<br />
Rating<br />
Acceleron ® Seed Treatment Technology<br />
R (Resistant)<br />
DEKALB ® 73-15 RR is an excellent fit for growers in<br />
short season zones and harvest management in the mid<br />
to long season zones<br />
DEKALB ® 73-45 RR<br />
DEKALB ® 73-45 RR – Genuity ® Roundup Ready ® Hybrid<br />
104% of check (Pioneer ® 45H29) and 100% of check<br />
Yield<br />
(InVigor ® 5440) in the 2010-2011 Monsanto Field<br />
Scale Trials<br />
Maturity<br />
0.4 days earlier than DEKALB ® 72-65 RR<br />
Growing Zones All of Alberta<br />
Height<br />
Medium height<br />
Lodging Resistance Very good<br />
Blackleg Rating R (Resistant)<br />
Fusarium Wilt<br />
Rating<br />
R (Resistant)<br />
Oil Content Very high<br />
Seed Treatment Acceleron ® Seed Treatment Technology<br />
DEKALB ® 73-45 RR has high yield potential and<br />
Overall Comment continues to be the cornerstone of the DEKALB ®<br />
portfolio<br />
8
DEKALB ® 72-65 RR<br />
DEKALB ® 72-65 RR Genuity ® Roundup Ready ® Hybrid<br />
Yield<br />
100% of the checks (Pioneer ® 45H29) in the<br />
2009-2011 Monsanto FACT Trials<br />
Maturity<br />
0.4 days later than 73-45 RR<br />
Growing Zones Southern and Central Alberta<br />
Height<br />
Medium height<br />
Lodging Resistance Excellent<br />
Blackleg Rating R (Resistant)<br />
Fusarium Wilt<br />
Rating<br />
R (Resistant)<br />
Oil Content Very high<br />
Seed Treatment Acceleron ® Seed Treatment Technology<br />
Overall Comment<br />
DEKALB ® 72-65 RR offers exceptional value with<br />
excellent high yield potential<br />
DEKALB ®<br />
9
Canterra Seeds<br />
CANTERRA <strong>SEED</strong>S continues to offer a diverse canola portfolio.<br />
From great yields to strong disease packages to early maturity,<br />
CANTERRA <strong>SEED</strong>S’ canola lineup will meet your growing needs.<br />
CANTERRA 1990<br />
CANTERRA 1990 – Genuity ® Roundup Ready ® Hybrid<br />
Yield<br />
101% of InVigor ® 5440 (2011 YieldWorks and<br />
Demonstration Trials)<br />
Maturity<br />
Growing Zones<br />
Height<br />
Lodging Resistance<br />
0.5 days later than checks (46A65/Q2)<br />
Central and Southern Alberta<br />
Medium<br />
Very good<br />
Blackleg Rating<br />
R (Resistant)<br />
Fusarium Wilt<br />
Rating<br />
R (Resistant)<br />
Seed Treatment Prosper ® EverGol/Helix Xtra ®<br />
Overall Comment<br />
The highest yielding variety in the CANTERRA <strong>SEED</strong>S<br />
lineup<br />
10
CANTERRA 1980<br />
CANTERRA 1980 – Genuity ® Roundup Ready ® Hybrid<br />
Yield<br />
101% of DEKALB ® 73-45 RR (2011 YieldWorks and<br />
Demonstration Trials)<br />
Maturity<br />
Growing Zones<br />
Height<br />
1.5 days earlier than checks (46A65/Q2)<br />
All of Alberta<br />
Short-medium<br />
Lodging Resistance Good<br />
Blackleg Rating R (Resistant)<br />
Seed Treatment Helix Xtra ®<br />
Fusarium Wilt<br />
Rating<br />
R (Resistant)<br />
Canterra Seeds<br />
Overall Comment<br />
Early maturity <strong>com</strong>bined with good yield performance<br />
CANTERRA 1970<br />
CANTERRA 1970 – Genuity ® Roundup Ready ® Hybrid<br />
100% of InVigor ® 5440 (2010 and 2011 YieldWorks<br />
Yield<br />
and Demonstration Trials)<br />
Maturity<br />
2.0 days later than checks (46A65/Q2)<br />
Growing Zones<br />
Height<br />
Southern Alberta<br />
Medium-tall<br />
Lodging Resistance<br />
Excellent<br />
Blackleg Rating<br />
R (Resistant)<br />
Fusarium Wilt<br />
Rating<br />
R (Resistant)<br />
Seed Treatment Prosper ® EverGol/Helix Xtra ®<br />
Overall Comment<br />
Long season variety, excellent under irrigation,<br />
excellent standability<br />
11
CANTERRA 1960<br />
CANTERRA 1960 – Genuity ® Roundup Ready ® Hybrid<br />
Yield<br />
103% of DEKALB ® 73-77 RR (2010 WCC/RRC)<br />
Maturity<br />
Growing Zones<br />
Height<br />
1.5 days earlier than checks (46A65/Q2)<br />
All zones of Alberta with clubroot pressure<br />
Medium<br />
Canterra Seeds<br />
Lodging Resistance Good Clubroot Rating R (Resistant)<br />
Blackleg Rating<br />
R (Resistant)<br />
Fusarium Wilt<br />
Rating<br />
Seed Treatment Prosper ® EverGol/Helix Xtra ®<br />
Overall Comment<br />
R (Resistant)<br />
Resistant to all races of clubroot found in Alberta<br />
CANTERRA 1918<br />
CANTERRA 1918 – Genuity ® Roundup Ready ®<br />
Open Pollinated<br />
Yield<br />
Maturity<br />
107% of CANTERRA <strong>SEED</strong>S 1818RR (2010 and 2011<br />
YieldWorks and Demonstration Trials)<br />
Equal to checks (46A65/Q2)<br />
Growing Zones<br />
Height<br />
Lodging Resistance<br />
Blackleg Rating<br />
All of Alberta<br />
Short-medium<br />
Very good<br />
MR (Moderately<br />
resistant)<br />
Fusarium Wilt<br />
Rating<br />
R (Resistant)<br />
Seed Treatment Prosper ® EverGol/Helix Xtra ®<br />
Overall Comment<br />
Preferred by farmers who demand value<br />
12
13<br />
Canterra Seeds
Maturity Chart<br />
It is important to be aware of the maturity of the<br />
canola seed you purchase.<br />
This guide SHOWS the AVERAGE MATURITY of the seed<br />
EARLIER MATURITY<br />
InVigor ® L120<br />
InVigor ® L135C<br />
DEKALB ® 73-15 RR<br />
InVigor ® L130<br />
CANTERRA 1980<br />
CANTERRA 1960<br />
DEKALB ® 73-45 RR<br />
DEKALB ® 72-65 RR<br />
-3.5 Days -3 Days -2.5 Days -2 Days -1.5 Days -1 Day -0.5 Day<br />
Maturity<br />
Table of Reference<br />
InVigor ®<br />
InVigor ® L120 .......pg 2<br />
InVigor ® L130 .......pg 3<br />
InVigor ® L135C ......pg 3<br />
InVigor ® L150 .......pg 4<br />
InVigor ® 5440 .......pg 4<br />
DEKALB ®<br />
DEKALB ® 74-44 BL ...pg 6<br />
DEKALB ® 74-47 CR ...pg 7<br />
DEKALB ® 73-75 RR ...pg 7<br />
DEKALB ® 73-15 RR ...pg 8<br />
DEKALB ® 73-45 RR ...pg 8<br />
DEKALB ® 72-65 RR ...pg 9<br />
14
<strong>UFA</strong> is offering <strong>com</strong>pared TO the AVERAGE of CHECKS<br />
InVigor ® L150<br />
InVigor ® 5440<br />
DEKALB ® 73-75 RR<br />
DEKALB ® 74-44 BL<br />
CANTERRA 1918<br />
Nexera TM 2012 CL<br />
CANTERRA 1990<br />
LATER MATURITY<br />
CHECKS<br />
46A65<br />
Nexera TM 1016 RR DEKALB ® 74-47 CR<br />
CANTERRA 1970<br />
Nexera TM 1012 RR<br />
+0.5 Day +1 Day +1.5 Days +2 Days +2.5 Days +3 Days<br />
Maturity<br />
CANTERRA <strong>SEED</strong>S<br />
CANTERRA 1990 ....pg 10<br />
CANTERRA 1980 ....pg 11<br />
CANTERRA 1970 ....pg 11<br />
CANTERRA 1960 ....pg 12<br />
CANTERRA 1918 ....pg 12<br />
Nexera TM<br />
Nexera TM 1012 RR ....pg 16<br />
Nexera TM 1016 RR ....pg 17<br />
Nexera TM 2012 CL ....pg 17<br />
15
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* Re<strong>com</strong>mended only where production contracts are available;<br />
ask your <strong>UFA</strong> Crop Production Representative for details.<br />
Nexera 1012 RR<br />
Nexera TM Canola Hybrid 1012 RR<br />
Yield 101% of the check (72-65)<br />
NEXERA TM<br />
Days To Maturity<br />
(60% seed color<br />
change)<br />
Growing Zones<br />
Lodging Resistance<br />
3.5 days later than RR check 72-65<br />
Mid to long season zones<br />
Good standability<br />
Blackleg Rating<br />
R (Resistant)<br />
Fusarium Wilt<br />
Resistance<br />
R (Resistant)<br />
Seed Treatment Helix Xtra ®<br />
Overall Comment<br />
Nexera TM Hybrid 1012 RR offers the convenience and<br />
weed control of the Roundup Ready ® system and<br />
excellent lodging resistance for easier swathing<br />
16
Nexera 1016 RR<br />
Nexera TM Canola Hybrid 1016 RR<br />
Yield 95.5% of the check (72-65)<br />
Days To Maturity<br />
(60% seed color<br />
change)<br />
Growing Zones<br />
Lodging Resistance<br />
1 day later than RR check 72-65<br />
Mid to long season zones<br />
Good standability<br />
Blackleg Rating<br />
R (Resistant)<br />
Fusarium Wilt<br />
Resistance<br />
R (Resistant)<br />
Seed Treatment Helix Xtra ®<br />
Overall Comment<br />
Nexera TM Hybrid 1016 RR offers excellent harvestability<br />
and the shortest days to maturity of all Nexera TM hybrids<br />
Nexera 2012 CL<br />
Nexera TM Canola Hybrid 2012 CL<br />
Yield<br />
Days To Maturity<br />
(60% seed color<br />
change)<br />
Growing Zones<br />
Lodging Resistance<br />
99.7% of the CL check (45P70)<br />
0.5 days later than RR check 72-65<br />
Mid to long season zones<br />
Good standability<br />
NEXERA TM<br />
Blackleg Rating<br />
MR (Moderately<br />
resistant)<br />
Fusarium Wilt<br />
Resistance<br />
R (Resistant)<br />
Seed Treatment Helix Xtra ®<br />
Overall Comment<br />
Nexera TM Hybrid 2012 CL offers the advantages of the<br />
Clearfield ® system and excellent harvestability<br />
17
Disease Prevention<br />
Major disease damage on canola crops can only occur when the<br />
following conditions are satisfied:<br />
• the crop is susceptible<br />
• the disease is present<br />
• the environmental conditions are favourable for the disease<br />
• the disease has sufficient time to develop to cause damage<br />
Disease management strategies must counter one or more of<br />
these factors to reduce or prevent initial disease populations,<br />
and to slow their rates of increase.<br />
A major <strong>com</strong>ponent of disease management is proper field scouting.<br />
Talk to your local <strong>UFA</strong> Crop Production Representative about<br />
scouting your fields.<br />
Disease<br />
18
Clubroot<br />
Prevention of clubroot requires all participants in the canola<br />
industry to be vigilant. Stopping its introduction to clean fields<br />
is the only way to prevent clubroot because there are currently<br />
no economically viable options for controlling clubroot in canola<br />
once it is established in a field.<br />
Clubroot is spread mainly by the movement of soil containing<br />
soil-borne resting spores. Soil transport can occur by wind and<br />
water erosion, on field machinery, in manure from animals fed<br />
contaminated feed, and in soil attached to seeds (earth tag).<br />
The amount of soil required to initiate infection in a new field<br />
is unknown. Any soil transfer from an infected field should be<br />
viewed as a risk. Clubroot surveys in Alberta have found that<br />
almost all new infestations begin near the field access, which<br />
indicates that contaminated equipment is the predominant<br />
spread mechanism.<br />
Growers, custom operators and all land users (including oil and<br />
gas industry participants and recreationalists) must be diligent in<br />
removing potentially contaminated soil from equipment prior to<br />
leaving fields. The best approach to managing clubroot is to be<br />
proactive. If you are a grower or landowner, ask agronomists,<br />
custom operators, researchers, and anyone else <strong>com</strong>ing onto your<br />
land (oil and gas crews) about the sanitation measures they use<br />
to prevent the spread of clubroot.<br />
Preventative Measures<br />
• Crop rotation<br />
• Control volunteer canola and cruciferous weeds in rotation<br />
• Use clean seed<br />
Disease<br />
19
Sclerotinia<br />
Moist soils promote the growth of apothecia from sclerotia<br />
that came from previously infected plants. With higher rates<br />
of sclerotinia infection across the Prairies in 2010, and with<br />
moist soils this year, apothecia numbers will be very high.<br />
Apothecia eject spores into air and wind spreads them all over<br />
the countryside. Spore release can take place over a period of<br />
weeks, filling the Prairie air with ascospores. These spores land<br />
everywhere, but only those that land on canola petals concern<br />
the canola grower. Ascospores need dead plant tissue to continue<br />
their cycle. Petals drop off, land in the canopy and then start<br />
to decay. These decaying petals give the sclerotinia spores the<br />
energy to produce hyphae that invade stem tissue. Because most<br />
fungicide sprays do not effectively penetrate the stem tissue to<br />
eradicate infection, living flowers are the best target<br />
for fungicides to prevent sclerotinia infection.<br />
Preventative Measures<br />
• Use a minimum four-year rotation with non-susceptible crops<br />
• Use pedigreed seed<br />
• Control weeds and volunteers<br />
• Use B. rapa varieties<br />
• Manage stubble and crop residue (direct seeding might reduce<br />
apothecia production)<br />
• Foliar fungicide treatments are effective<br />
Disease<br />
20
Assessing the Risk for Sclerotinia Stem Rot<br />
in Canola<br />
Sclerotinia incidence can vary greatly among fields and<br />
years, making scheduled spraying of fungicides unprofitable.<br />
However, when sclerotinia risk is high, preventative fungicide<br />
applications can effectively lower disease severity and improve<br />
yield. Assessment of disease risk within each field is essential<br />
to improve the odds that fungicides are only applied when it is<br />
economical to do so.<br />
This checklist developed in Sweden can be useful in helping to<br />
assess disease risk in fields. Growers should fill out the checklist<br />
for each field shortly after first flower (when 75% of the canola<br />
plants have at least 3 open flowers). The greater the risk score for<br />
a field the higher the probability of a positive economic return.<br />
Results in Sweden have suggested that fields scoring 40 or higher<br />
will likely benefit from a fungicide, but this may vary depending<br />
on fungicide cost and <strong>com</strong>modity price. Using this checklist<br />
effectively requires scouting for apothecia, usually in nearby cereal<br />
crops following canola or other host crops (e.g. beans, sunflowers)<br />
in the rotation. The same moist soil conditions conducive to<br />
apothecia production can also favour the development of<br />
many other types of mushrooms or fruiting bodies. Accurate<br />
identification of apothecia is critical to effectively determine the<br />
risk of stem rot.<br />
What are apothecia? Apothecia are small fruiting structures<br />
that look like tiny mushrooms germinating from sclerotia. They are<br />
slightly cupped (similar to the top of a golf tee) with a diameter<br />
of between 5 and 15 mm (0.2” to 0.6”), with a stalk no more<br />
than 50 mm (2”) long that is mostly below ground. The apothecia<br />
release many spores, called ascospores, which are the infectious<br />
Disease<br />
21
agents of the fungus. Emergence of large numbers of apothecia<br />
at or just prior to the early bloom stage will increase potential for<br />
petal infection.<br />
Petal testing (developed by the University of Saskatchewan<br />
and available from Discovery Seed Labs at time of publication)<br />
throughout the flowering period can also provide additional<br />
information regarding the proportion of petals that are actually<br />
infested with spores of sclerotinia, which can be correlated with<br />
risk of sclerotinia development. However, the test is a snap shot<br />
of infection when the petals were collected and subsequent<br />
disease development in the crop is strongly influenced by weather<br />
conditions, particularly precipitation and relative humidity.<br />
Something else that may affect the risk profile of a field is the<br />
genetics that have been chosen. Research has shown that there<br />
is a correlation between lodging and sclerotinia levels, and<br />
susceptibility to lodging can be related to genetics. As well, the<br />
introduction of varieties with some tolerance to sclerotinia into<br />
the marketplace offers an additional management tool that may<br />
reduce the risk in fields where they are grown.<br />
Source: Canola Council of Canada<br />
http://www.canolawatch.org/2011/06/29/5-keyquestions-about-sclerotinia-spraying/<br />
Disease<br />
22
Sclerotinia Stem Rot Checklist<br />
(For each risk factor, circle the risk points that apply to your field)<br />
Risk Factor Possible Answers Risk Points<br />
Number of Years<br />
Since Last<br />
Canola Crop<br />
Disease Incidence<br />
in Last Host Crop<br />
Crop Density<br />
Rain in the<br />
Last Two Weeks<br />
Weather Forecast<br />
Regional Risk<br />
for Apothecia<br />
Development<br />
Total risk points for all risk factors =<br />
More than six years 0<br />
Three to six years 5<br />
One to two years 10<br />
None 0<br />
Low (1 to 10%) 5<br />
Moderate (11 to 30%) 10<br />
High (31 to 100%) 15<br />
Low 0<br />
Normal 5<br />
High 10<br />
Less than 10mm (0.4”) 0<br />
10 to 30 mm (0.4 to 1.2”) 5<br />
More than 30mm (1.2”) 10<br />
High pressure 0<br />
Variable 10<br />
Low pressure 15<br />
None found 0<br />
Low numbers 10<br />
High numbers 15<br />
40 or higher?<br />
Consider fungicide application to protect yield potential.<br />
Sclerotinia<br />
23
Alternaria Black Spot (Grey Leaf Spot)<br />
Alternaria black spot is caused by the fungi Alternaria brassicae,<br />
A. alternata and A. raphani. Black spot is one of the most <strong>com</strong>mon<br />
diseases of canola in western Canada. Although Alternaria is<br />
present every year on the Canadian prairies, the severity of this<br />
disease varies considerably from year to year and area to area<br />
based largely on the moisture and temperature situation. The<br />
disease can infect all growth stages of the canola plant.<br />
Preventative Measures<br />
• Sow clean seed of high germination<br />
• Use minimum three-year rotation<br />
• Control volunteer canola and cruciferous weeds (mustards)<br />
• Early swathing will reduce seed loss<br />
• B. napus types tend to be less affected<br />
Blackleg<br />
Disease<br />
Blackleg is caused by the fungus Leptosphaeria maculans. It is a<br />
serious disease of canola and can cause significant yield losses in<br />
susceptible varieties. Blackleg occurs in a mild and highly virulent<br />
strain. The mild type is widespread in western Canada. This strain<br />
usually infects plants very late in the season, rarely causing<br />
yield losses of even 1 to 2%. Therefore, it is considered a minor<br />
problem. Virulent or severe blackleg infects canola seedlings and<br />
progressively damages the growing crop in June and July.<br />
Preventative Measures<br />
• Use a minimum of a four-year rotation<br />
• Control volunteer canola and cruciferous weeds<br />
• Stubble and crop residue management necessary<br />
24
• Seed treatments may reduce spread into areas where<br />
disease is absent<br />
• Use resistant or moderately resistant varieties<br />
Understanding Blackleg Resistance Ratings<br />
Growing B. napus varieties that are moderately resistant or<br />
resistant to blackleg in areas with a high potential for virulent<br />
blackleg is highly suggested. However, a resistant variety is not<br />
immune to the disease. Stems can still be infected as shown by<br />
the scale used for determining the blackleg classification<br />
of varieties.<br />
Canola Cultivars for Blackleg Resistance<br />
Rating<br />
% of Westar<br />
Resistant < 28<br />
Moderatly Resistant 29 to 45<br />
Moderately Suseptible 46 to 63<br />
Susceptible 64 to 100<br />
Varieties rated “R” or “MR” for blackleg will suffer less yield loss<br />
than those with less resistance. All current B. rapa varieties are<br />
susceptible to blackleg disease. In areas where virulent blackleg<br />
is at low levels or has not been found, all registered varieties<br />
are suitable.<br />
See these websites for full disease prevention methods:<br />
www.canolacouncil.org<br />
www.canolacouncil.org/chapter10c.aspx<br />
www.saskcanola.ca<br />
Disease<br />
25
Credit Options for Your<br />
Canola Seed Purchase<br />
For your convenience <strong>UFA</strong> has options to fit your needs<br />
when purchasing your Canola Seed.<br />
1. Use your Visa or Mastercard<br />
2. Use your debit card<br />
3. Use financing through your financial institution<br />
4. Use FCC EasyGROW Credit<br />
5. Use your <strong>UFA</strong> account<br />
<strong>UFA</strong> has a dedicated credit team to answer your questions<br />
regarding a new <strong>UFA</strong> account, using our Farm Credit Application,<br />
or a credit limit increase to your existing <strong>UFA</strong> account. If your<br />
credit limit requirement is over $100,000.00 we require financial<br />
statements. Credit applications are available online or at any <strong>UFA</strong><br />
location. Purchases are interest free until the 25 th of the following<br />
month, when payment is due in full.<br />
Credit Department Contact Information<br />
1-877-258-4500 Select option 5<br />
Credit<br />
26
EasyGROW Credit<br />
Introducing EasyGROW Credit – a new and improved extended<br />
Credit Program funded by Farm Credit Canada (FCC).<br />
There are several new features and benefits of EasyGROW Credit<br />
that we feel will improve how we do business together including:<br />
1. Access to more credit/revolving credit to finance your crop<br />
input purchases<br />
2. Competitive interest rates (prime plus 2.95%) and no<br />
administration fees<br />
3. An extended February 15th payment deadline, giving you<br />
more flexibility to market your crops<br />
4. One time application, even if you were an existing<br />
plan 30 member<br />
5. Past due funds payable at 1.9% interest per month with no<br />
retroactive interest penalty<br />
6. Monthly statements of activity provided directly by FCC<br />
7. Payments made directly to FCC<br />
Application is Easy<br />
Loan applications are available through your local <strong>UFA</strong><br />
Farm and Ranch Supply store, your Crop Production Solutions<br />
Representative or your Key Account Manager. Notification<br />
of a successful application will <strong>com</strong>e directly from FCC.<br />
http://www.ufa.<strong>com</strong>/about<strong>UFA</strong>/easyGrow<br />
Credit<br />
27
<strong>UFA</strong> is your expert in the field<br />
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Westlock (780) 349-4055<br />
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please visit <strong>UFA</strong>.<strong>com</strong>/locations.<br />
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