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SYMPOSIUM 2-4 Orthopaedic Bioengineering – Nano-Science to Device Level ORGANIZERS: Tarun Goswami, Wright State University Richard Laughlin, Wright State University Arthur Ritter, Ph.D., Stevens Institute of Technology Society of Engineering Science ▪ 47 th Annual Technical Meeting 158
Direct Measurement of Plastic Dissipation During Bone Fracture Thomas Siegmund Purdue University, 585 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, 47907, US Phone: 7654949766, Email: siegmund@purdue.edu Torres Denis Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN Abstract: Understanding the factors responsible for changes in the toughness of bone presents a continuous challenge. The present study is based on the general hypothesis that a variety of processes can contribute to bone toughness, and that the individual contributions of toughening mechanisms can vary with the state of bone. Such mechanisms would include the actual creation of the fracture surface, crack path deflection, crack bridging, microcracking and irreversible (plastic) deformation. To date investigations of bone toughness and crack growth resistance have not been able to quantify if and at what level plastic deformation would contribute. We hypothesize that plastic dissipation indeed contributes to bone toughness, and that direct measurements of irreversible deformation would confirm such processes. We also hypothesize that the magnitude of plastic deformation would depend on the state of bone. Bovine femur bone is employed as a sample material without any selection of specimens with regard to age, gender and anatomical features. Three different state of bone are considered: wet, dehydrated, and ashed. SENB specimens of dimensions (a0=1.0 mm, a0/W=0.55, B=1.5 mm) with side notches were machined such the initial crack is aligned with the periosteal-enosteal direction. Such small specimens allow one to exclude crack bridging with uncracked ligaments from the analysis during fracture testing. The J integral and its elastic and plastic components (Jel and Jpl) were obtained. Post-test, fractured specimens were recovered, and the two fracture surfaces were stained in a solution of black ink to enhance contrast. Corresponding specimen halves were imaged using a compound microscope equipped with a z-stage controlled by a stepper motor. Partially focused image slices were assembled into a height encoded digital elevation model (DEM) by use of the software Helicon Focus. From the DEMs crack surfaces profiles were extracted such that corresponding profiles follow paths through matching points on opposite fracture surfaces. Profiles are aligned to the initially machined pre-notch faces. The present study presents a protocol for the determination of the contributions of crack path deflection and plasticity to the crack growth resistance of realistically short cracks in cortical bone. In agreement with recent data on human bone, it is found that the initiation toughness of bovine bone measured under high resolution is significantly lower than previously reported values on long cracks. We demonstrate that the crack initiation and subsequent crack growth resistance emerge as the outcome of crack deflection and plastic deformation. Detailed measurements of elastic-plastic fracture parameters agree with the findings from the fracture reconstruction. Fracture reconstruction can be performed independent of instrumented fracture mechanics tests. Such an approach would then allow for an estimation of the contributions to toughening from crack path deflection and confirm the presence or absence of plastic deformation in association with the growth of cracks in cortical bone. As we demonstrate that the mismatch measurement is sensitive to the state of bone, the approach described here could aid in further clarifying the role of the organic matrix in its contribution to bone toughness. 159 ABSTRACTS
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Abstracts 1 ABSTRACTS
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Contents 4 Foreword 5 Welcome from
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Welcome From College of Engineering
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Roger Fosdick Department of Aerospa
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Invariants in Nonlinear Elasticity
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Coarse-Graining Atomistic Dynamics
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Fracture Behavior of Mechanophore-L
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Stability of periodic media under c
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Three Dimensional Compressible Mult
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Experimental and Modeling Study to
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Thermoresponsive Microcapsules for
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Shear Activation of Mechanophore-Li
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Room Temperature Healing of a Therm
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Collagen Fibrils: Multifunctional N
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Tianxiang Su Mechanical Engineering
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Understanding the Influence of Stra
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Thermodynamic Based Higher-Order Gr
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35 ABSTRACTS
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where is the heating rate. Derivati
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Oxidation and Hole Formation in Alu
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Effect of surface tension and energ
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A Computational Framework for Micro
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45 ABSTRACTS
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It has been suggested that air bubb
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Fig. 2. Melting temperature vs part
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Quantifying the Effect of Pulsatile
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Error analysis for 3-D shape measur
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To test the effects of the ultrasou
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Surface Coverage and Hybridization
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Track 1 Horner Symposia 59 ABSTRACT
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A 3D Pseudo-Elastic Model for Mulli
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Analytical Solutions for the Onset
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References [1] J. D. Humphrey. Nati
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Analysis of Stiffness Variations in
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Indentation of a Nonlinear Viscoela
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Linear Theory for the Bending and S
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Buckling and Finite Deformation of
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Remarks on the Infinitesimal Stabil
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finite characteristic dimensions, t
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On Mathematics in Ray Ogden's Contr
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Superposition of Finite-Amplitude S
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Stability of Electro Active Polymer
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Modelling of Electro-Viscoelasticit
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The Vibration Induced Dissipative H
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Arterial Modeling Considering the M
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A Two-Scale Collagen Turn-Over Mode
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Statistical Non-Linear Fibre-Reinfo
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A Model of Growth and Mass Transfer
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Reading the Mechanical Response of
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Fundamental Solution in Plane Aniso
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Simply Unreal: Grassmann Hypercompl
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Influence of Fiber Dissolution and
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On the electro-mechanical response
Page 107 and 108: On the Importance of Counterion Con
Page 109 and 110: Stewart Silling Sandia National Lab
Page 111 and 112: On the Modeling of Rheological Beha
Page 113 and 114: Acoustoelastic Measurement of Surfa
Page 115 and 116: Time permitting, we consider the Ta
Page 117 and 118: Effect of Nonlinearity on the Stead
Page 119 and 120: Is Step-Flow Epitaxy Ever Stable? M
Page 121 and 122: Entropy of a Constrained Hamiltonia
Page 123 and 124: The Volume Derivative and Fracture
Page 125 and 126: The Anomalous Behavior of Material
Page 127 and 128: Energy Release Rate of Dielectric M
Page 129 and 130: SYMPOSIUM 2-2 Cell Mechanics ORGANI
Page 131 and 132: study to show the highly three-dime
Page 133 and 134: Chemomechanics at the Cell-material
Page 135 and 136: Interplay between Cell and Matrix S
Page 137 and 138: A Coarse-Grain Molecular Dynamics M
Page 139 and 140: Contact Mechanics of Circular Membr
Page 141 and 142: Fibroblast Elongation, Dendritic Ex
Page 143 and 144: Applying Controlled Loads to Single
Page 145 and 146: An Overview of Vibro-Acoustography
Page 147 and 148: Fracture between Molecules Kenneth
Page 149 and 150: Investigation of Skull Hemorrhage a
Page 151 and 152: Uncovering Morphological and Morpho
Page 153 and 154: Microcantilever Based Aptameric Nan
Page 155 and 156: Fluid-Structure Interaction Models
Page 157: Anaylzing Range of Motion in Total
Page 161 and 162: The Influence of Screw Thread and T
Page 163 and 164: Static Evaluation of Shear Loading
Page 165 and 166: during 5000 test cycles, load drop
Page 167 and 168: Nanomechanics of Tropocollagen and
Page 169 and 170: Hip Implant Interfacial Motion, a F
Page 171 and 172: Mapping Tibial Surface Strains usin
Page 173 and 174: Bone Isotropy Characterization Unde
Page 175 and 176: Effects of Anthropometric Geometry
Page 177 and 178: On Stress Theory for Fractal Bodies
Page 179 and 180: The Kinetic Relation as a Pivotal P
Page 181 and 182: Creasing Instability in Soft Matter
Page 183 and 184: Inverse Stress Analysis in AAA Cons
Page 185 and 186: Experimental and Modeling Study to
Page 187 and 188: Material Analysis for the Developme
Page 189 and 190: Experimentally Verified Approach fo
Page 191 and 192: A Long-Pulse Kolsky Bar Technique f
Page 193 and 194: Active Porous Scaffolds for Control
Page 195 and 196: Sensor Behavior of Magneto-Rheologi
Page 197 and 198: Slipping Plane Plasticity using the
Page 199 and 200: Internal Fluctuation of DNA in Nano
Page 201 and 202: Carmel Majidi Harvard University, S
Page 203 and 204: Coupling of Localized Buckling Defo
Page 205 and 206: An Energy-Based Approach to Capture
Page 207 and 208: A Theory of Actuation of Ionic Poly
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Three-Dimensional Imaging of Crysta
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In-situ Reconstruction of Tip-sampl
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TRACK 3 Fluid Mechanics 213 ABSTRAC
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Alan Wineman Comments on the Career
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Numerical Solutions in Nonlinear Ma
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Mathematical Modeling of a New Clas
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Mixture Theory to Study Blood Flow
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Phase Field Theory for Phase Transf
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Nonlocal Gradient-Dependent Constit
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On Unsteady Non-homogenous Flows of
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Fluid Dynamics of the Deepwater Hor
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SYMPOSIUM 3-2 Dynamics and Rheology
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Modeling and Homogenization of Bact
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Dynamics of a Semi-flexible Polar F
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Dense Cellular Blood Flow in a Mode
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Drag, Diffusive Motion, and Mixing
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SYMPOSIUM 3-3 Experimental Fluid Me
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Population, Characteristics and Kin
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The Effect of Particle Concentratio
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A Hybrid Simulation of Continuum an
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An Experimental Study of Pulsed Mic
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SYMPOSIUM 3-5 Fluid Issues in Renew
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Influence of Cylinder Aspect Ratio
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Numerical Investigation of Aerodyna
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SYMPOSIUM 3-8 Multiphase Flow ORGAN
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Three Dimensional Compressible Mult
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Numerical Simulation of Gust Respon
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SYMPOSIUM 4-1 Nanomechanics: Beyond
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Nano Adhesion and Indentation Kenne
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Atomistic Mechanisms of Cyclic Hard
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Broadband Nanoindentation Spectrosc
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Importance of AFM Beam Dynamics for
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Quantitatively Exploring the Mechan
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Effect of Scales and high Temperatu
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Experimental and Model Developments
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Controlled Carbon Nanotube Junction
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Understanding the Influence of Stra
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Temperature and Strain Rate Sensiti
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The Influence of Chemical Substitut
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Non-Uniqueness in Energy Minimizati
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Coarse-Graining Atomistic Dynamics
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simulations will also be discussed,
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Dislocation Cores in Elastically An
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SYMPOSIUM 4-3 Strain Rate Effects i
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Dynamic-Tensile-Extrusion in Low Im
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Wave Profile Shaping for Shock-Tube
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SYMPOSIUM 4-4 Size Scale Effects in
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Atomistic and Continuum Understandi
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Physical Interpretation and Experim
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Tensile Ductility and Plasticity Me
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A New Nonlocal Shell Model for Axis
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Effect of Surface Roughness and Fun
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An Analysis of the Effects of Surfa
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A SEM Image-based Finite Element Ap
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SYMPOSIUM 4-5 Phase Transformations
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Modeling and Simulation of Strain-i
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Nanovoid Nucleation Inside Elastopl
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Molecular Dynamics Study of Thermal
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Effect of Surface Tension and Energ
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A bi-crystal Aggregate Model of Mar
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SYMPOSIUM 4-6 Multifunctional Compo
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Electrified Carbon Fiber Polymer Ma
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Thermal and Mechanical Properties o
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Carbon Nanotube Buckypaper Material
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Effective Parameters of Bucky Gel M
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Influence of Surface Roughness and
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Microvascular Networks for Thermal
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Henghua Jin University of Illinois
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A High Temperature Cured Structural
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Autonomic Structural Cooling via Ad
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Pressurized Vascular Systems for He
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Photovoltaic Waveguide Polymer Comp
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Effect of Silane Coupling Agent on
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Crushing Behavior of Composite Hexa
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Degradation Kinetics of Aerospace W
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Multiscale Modeling of Micro/nano S
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[1] Y.A. HUANG, Z. YIN, A. TESFAMIC
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Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluat
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A Multiscale Model of Rate Dependen
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Localization Analysis of Porous Met
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Negative Stiffness and Negative Poi
Page 371 and 372:
Failure Surfaces for Fiber-Reinforc
Page 373 and 374:
Nonlocal Boundary Layer Method for
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An Exact Solution for History-Depen
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Development of an Internal State Va
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A Study of Highly Crosslinked Epoxy
Page 381 and 382:
Convergence and Scaling in Peridyna
Page 383 and 384:
Graphene Fracture Kyug-Suk Kim Brow
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A Computational Framework for Micro
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Measurement of Mechanical Propertie
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The Role of Electrons in Nanostruct
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Thermoresponsive Microcapsules for
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Elastic Softening of Amorphous and
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Autonomic Restoration of Conductivi
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Response of Composite Structures to
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Lateral Vibration of a Travelling T
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Shear Activation of Mechanophore-Li
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Cooling Effects on the Vibronic Ban
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Dynamoic Damage Tolerance of Aerona
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SYMPOSIUM 4-13 Laser and Multi-Ener
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Ab initio Simulation of Photo-disso
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Laser Texturing of Polyimide for Al
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Surface Modification of Titanium Vi
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Coating Deposition via Insertion of
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Laser Resonant Vibrational Excitati
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Femtosecond Laser Fabrication of Ne
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Multi-fluid Model of Early-stage Fe
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Track 6 Nondestructive Evaluation o
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Developments in Testing and Health
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High Volume, Remote Sensing, Non-in
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Development and Application of Magn
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A Performance Measure for Ceramic A
Page 433 and 434:
Probing Acoustic Nonlinearity using
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Ultrasonics of Periodic Structures
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Nanoscale Interfacial Probing of Ru
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Laser Ultrasonic Thermometry for In
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Physics-based Analysis of Infrared
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Acoustic Characteristics Measuremen
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