11.10.2014 Views

3M ESPE Products in the Focus of International Science

3M ESPE Products in the Focus of International Science

3M ESPE Products in the Focus of International Science

SHOW MORE
SHOW LESS

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.

SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

<strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> <strong>Products</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

<strong>Focus</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>International</strong> <strong>Science</strong><br />

81 st IADR Meet<strong>in</strong>g<br />

Göteborg, Sweden, June 25 – 28, 2003<br />

ConsEuro 2003<br />

Munich, Germany, June 5 – 7, 2003<br />

AADR/CADR Annual Meet<strong>in</strong>g<br />

San Antonio, Texas, March 12 – 15, 2003<br />

ADM 2002<br />

Honolulu, USA, October 29 – November 1, 2002<br />

IADR/BSDR/CED<br />

Cardiff, UK, September 25 – 28, 2002<br />

26th Annual Conference EPA,<br />

Dubrovnic, Croatia, September 26 – 28, 2002<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

1


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

Editorial<br />

Dear <strong>in</strong>terested reader,<br />

As a strongly R & D focussed company, <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> always takes pride <strong>in</strong> deliver<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>novative products. To<br />

achieve this, a consequent customer focus and a clear solution approach are <strong>the</strong> driv<strong>in</strong>g forces <strong>in</strong> every phase <strong>of</strong><br />

product development. Cont<strong>in</strong>uous scientific support has always been a stronghold <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>. Scientific data<br />

generated worldwide underl<strong>in</strong>e <strong>the</strong> cl<strong>in</strong>ical performance and quality. To pursue this long tradition, scientific<br />

results on <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>’s recently <strong>in</strong>troduced products are summarized here at <strong>the</strong> disposal <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> scientific<br />

community. We are focus<strong>in</strong>g on <strong>the</strong> recently launched products RelyX Unicem, Filtek Supreme and Adper<br />

Prompt L-Pop.<br />

In October 2002, <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> launched RelyX Unicem – a new class <strong>of</strong> self-adhesive res<strong>in</strong> cement for <strong>the</strong><br />

permanent cementation <strong>of</strong> all types <strong>of</strong> metallic, metal-ceramic and all-ceramic and composite materials. The<br />

new res<strong>in</strong> cement is aimed at <strong>the</strong> permanent cementation <strong>of</strong> crowns, bridges, <strong>in</strong>lays, onlays and posts.<br />

So far a lot <strong>of</strong> papers have been presented describ<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> RelyX Unicem’s behavior e.g. <strong>in</strong> terms <strong>of</strong> adhesion to<br />

<strong>the</strong> tooth structure, but also different k<strong>in</strong>d <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>direct restorative materials, mechanical strength, dimensional<br />

stability and marg<strong>in</strong>al behavior. First <strong>in</strong> vivo kursiv results due to handl<strong>in</strong>g and short term behavior are available<br />

now.<br />

The amalgamation <strong>of</strong> long term experience <strong>in</strong> composites with <strong>the</strong> latest development <strong>in</strong> nanotechnology lead to<br />

a highly <strong>in</strong>novative fill<strong>in</strong>g composite. This nanocomposite Filtek Supreme comb<strong>in</strong>es <strong>the</strong> aes<strong>the</strong>tics <strong>of</strong> a micr<strong>of</strong>ill<br />

with <strong>the</strong> strength <strong>of</strong> a hybrid composite. Thus it is <strong>in</strong>dicated for anterior and posterior use. 30 shades and 4<br />

different opacities allow highly aes<strong>the</strong>tic restorations, and a shade selector supports <strong>the</strong> determ<strong>in</strong>ation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

appropriate colors.<br />

Scientific support is given for <strong>the</strong> newly launched products and cl<strong>in</strong>ically well proven materials, respectively.<br />

Thus you will f<strong>in</strong>d <strong>in</strong>formation on <strong>the</strong> area <strong>of</strong> lab and digital as well as on impression materials.<br />

The <strong>in</strong>terest <strong>in</strong> full ceramic solutions is steadily <strong>in</strong>creas<strong>in</strong>g due to conv<strong>in</strong>c<strong>in</strong>g material properties and<br />

outstand<strong>in</strong>g aes<strong>the</strong>tic results. After its <strong>in</strong>troduction <strong>in</strong> 2001, <strong>the</strong> Lava System from <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> quickly set up as<br />

one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lead<strong>in</strong>g systems <strong>in</strong> this field. Different scientific studies <strong>in</strong>-vitro and <strong>in</strong>-vivo now fur<strong>the</strong>r prove and<br />

underl<strong>in</strong>e its superiority and high quality concern<strong>in</strong>g material strength and stability, cl<strong>in</strong>ical safety, aes<strong>the</strong>tic<br />

aspects and also <strong>the</strong> easy and quick handl<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> system.<br />

The product portfolio <strong>of</strong> VPS and polye<strong>the</strong>r impression materials will be broadened by <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>troduction <strong>of</strong> an<br />

impression tray later this year. This CAD designed disposable tray optimizes <strong>the</strong> flow properties <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

impression material. A self retentive fleece improves <strong>the</strong> retention <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> impression material, mak<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong><br />

a tray adhesive unnecessary. The cl<strong>in</strong>ical procedure <strong>of</strong> impression tak<strong>in</strong>g becomes easier and more reliable.<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

2


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

Editorial<br />

Prevention is <strong>the</strong> future <strong>of</strong> dentistry. But early prevention needs early caries risk assessment. By provid<strong>in</strong>g new<br />

<strong>in</strong>formation on <strong>the</strong> lactic acid production rate <strong>of</strong> caries bacteria, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro Cario L-Pop and Cl<strong>in</strong>pro Cario<br />

Diagnosis represent an <strong>in</strong>novative, chairside and rapid diagnosis management. The studies' results are very<br />

promis<strong>in</strong>g!<br />

By <strong>the</strong> way, <strong>the</strong>re is no <strong>in</strong>terest <strong>of</strong> diagnostic without treatments. Here also Cl<strong>in</strong>pro Prophy Powder and Cl<strong>in</strong>pro<br />

Sealant are <strong>of</strong> high cl<strong>in</strong>ical <strong>in</strong>terest.<br />

We very much hope this Espertise will serve as a valuable source <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>formation and as a basis for fur<strong>the</strong>r<br />

discussion. Please feel free to contact us any time.<br />

Enjoy read<strong>in</strong>g Espertise!<br />

Yours s<strong>in</strong>cerely,<br />

Dr. Bett<strong>in</strong>a W<strong>in</strong>dmüller<br />

Scientific Affairs Manager<br />

Bus<strong>in</strong>ess Segment Prosthodontics<br />

bett<strong>in</strong>a.w<strong>in</strong>dmueller@mmm.com<br />

Dr. Susanne Arndt<br />

Scientific Affairs Manager<br />

Bus<strong>in</strong>ess Segment Prosthodontics<br />

susanne.arndt@mmm.com<br />

Dr. Andres Syrek<br />

Scientific Affairs Manager<br />

Bus<strong>in</strong>ess Segment Restoratives<br />

andreas.syrek@mmm.com<br />

Dr. Anke Behrens<br />

Scientific Affairs Manager<br />

Bus<strong>in</strong>ess Segment Lab & Digital<br />

anke.behrens@mmm.com<br />

Dr. Frederic Roussel<br />

Scientific Affairs Manager<br />

Bus<strong>in</strong>ess Segment Prevention & Diagnostics<br />

froussel1@mmm.com<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

3


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

Content<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

4


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

Content<br />

Indirect Restorative Materials from <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong><br />

RelyX Unicem<br />

Lava<br />

S<strong>in</strong>fony<br />

MZ 100<br />

Lut<strong>in</strong>g Materials RelyX ARC and Ketac Cem<br />

Protemp 3 Garant<br />

Direct Restorative Materials from <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong><br />

Filtek Supreme<br />

Adper Prompt L-Pop<br />

Impression Materials from <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong><br />

Position Tray<br />

Prevention Materials and Diagnosis from <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong><br />

Cl<strong>in</strong>pro Cario L-Pop and Cl<strong>in</strong>pro Cario Diagnosis<br />

Cl<strong>in</strong>pro Sealant<br />

Devices<br />

Freelight<br />

Scientific Outlook<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

5


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

CED 2002 RelyX Unicem<br />

0215<br />

Dent<strong>in</strong> shear bond strength <strong>of</strong> various lut<strong>in</strong>g cements<br />

A. PIWOWARCZYK*, H.-CH. LAUER, J.A. SORENSEN (Johann Wolfgang<br />

Goe<strong>the</strong> University, Frankfurt, Germany; OH & SU, Portland, OR, USA)<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert<br />

Objectives: This study determ<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>the</strong> shear bond strength <strong>of</strong> cements to dent<strong>in</strong> <strong>of</strong> human molars.<br />

Methods: The dent<strong>in</strong> bond sites on human molars were prepared by gr<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> teeth flat with a 600-grit SiC<br />

sandpaper. Each bond<strong>in</strong>g system was applied accord<strong>in</strong>g to <strong>the</strong> manufacturers <strong>in</strong>structions. Materials tested: 1)<br />

Fleck’s (Mizzy), 2) Fuji I (GC), 3) Ketac-Cem Aplicap (<strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>), 4) Fuji Plus (GC), 5) Fuji Cem (GC), 6)<br />

RelyX Lut<strong>in</strong>g (<strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>), 7a) RelyX ARC (<strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>), 7b) RelyX ARC light-cured (LC), 8a) Panavia F<br />

(Kuraray), 8b) Panavia F LC, 9a) Variol<strong>in</strong>k (IvoclarVivadent), 9b) Variol<strong>in</strong>k LC, 10a) Compolute Aplicap (<strong>3M</strong><br />

<strong>ESPE</strong>), 10b) Compolute LC, 11a) RelyX Unicem (<strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>) and 11b) RelyX Unicem LC. Ten specimens pre<br />

group were fabricated: Group (A) tested at 30 m<strong>in</strong>utes; (B) 14 day 37C water storage, <strong>the</strong>n <strong>the</strong>rmocycled<br />

(1.000X, 5-55C). One-way ANOVA was used to determ<strong>in</strong>e significant differences (p


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

CED 2002 RelyX Unicem<br />

0215<br />

Dent<strong>in</strong> shear bond strength <strong>of</strong> various lut<strong>in</strong>g cements<br />

A. PIWOWARCZYK*, H.-CH. LAUER, J.A. SORENSEN (Johann Wolfgang<br />

Goe<strong>the</strong> University, Frankfurt, Germany; OH & SU, Portland, OR, USA)<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert<br />

Results: Variol<strong>in</strong>k / Excite showed <strong>the</strong> significantly highest adhesion values to <strong>the</strong> dent<strong>in</strong> after lightcur<strong>in</strong>g. In<br />

<strong>the</strong> dark-cur<strong>in</strong>g mode and after <strong>the</strong> stress test, however, RelyX Unicem and Panavia F obta<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>the</strong> best values.<br />

Ergebnisse: Variol<strong>in</strong>k/Excite zeigte nach Lichthärtung die signifikant höchsten Haftwerte an Dent<strong>in</strong>. Im<br />

Dunkelhärtemodus und nach dem Stresstest erzielten dagegen RelyX Unicem und Panavia F die besten Werte.<br />

[MPa]<br />

24<br />

22<br />

20<br />

18<br />

16<br />

14<br />

12<br />

10<br />

8<br />

6<br />

4<br />

2<br />

0<br />

30 m<strong>in</strong> 14 d/TC<br />

Shear Bond bond Strength strength to Human human dent<strong>in</strong> Dent<strong>in</strong><br />

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7a) 7b) 8a) 8b) 9a) 9b) 10a) 10b) 11a) 11b)<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

7


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

CED 2002 RelyX Unicem<br />

0698<br />

Cement Reaction and Fluoride Release <strong>of</strong> Res<strong>in</strong>-Based Dental Materials<br />

A. PREISS*, B. BLUM, R. HECHT and G. DEMIREL; <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG,<br />

Seefeld, Germany<br />

Objectives: Pro<strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong> cement reaction through phosphate formation and fluoride release <strong>of</strong> two compomer and<br />

two new self-adhesive res<strong>in</strong>-based dental materials.<br />

Methods: Self-cur<strong>in</strong>g lut<strong>in</strong>g materials Dyract Cem Plus (DCP, Dentsply) and RelyX Unicem (UNI, <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>)<br />

and light-cur<strong>in</strong>g fill<strong>in</strong>g materials Dyract AP (DAP, Dentsply) and an Experimental fill<strong>in</strong>g material (ExF, <strong>3M</strong><br />

<strong>ESPE</strong>) were part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> study. Cement reaction was exam<strong>in</strong>ed with real-time <strong>in</strong>fra red spectroscopy (ReactIR)<br />

over 3 hours. Fluoride release was determ<strong>in</strong>ed accord<strong>in</strong>g to Guggenberger (J Dent Res 80, IADR Abstract<br />

#2126, 2001) after 1, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 42 days. Experiments were performed at least <strong>in</strong> duplicate.<br />

Results: ReactIR spectra <strong>of</strong> all exam<strong>in</strong>ed materials exhibited <strong>the</strong> formation <strong>of</strong> phosphates <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> region <strong>of</strong> 1300<br />

– 600 cm-1. UNI, ExF and DCP revealed dur<strong>in</strong>g sett<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> formation <strong>of</strong> phosphates due to reaction <strong>of</strong><br />

phosphoric acid methacrylates (PAM) with reactive fillers. Formation <strong>of</strong> phosphates <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> DAP spectra might<br />

be attributed to reaction <strong>of</strong> PAM with a fluoridiz<strong>in</strong>g agent. Mean values <strong>of</strong> fluoride release <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> materials,<br />

<strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g standard deviation (<strong>in</strong> brackets), are given <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> table below.<br />

DCP UNI DAP ExF<br />

µg F-/cm² after 42 days 36.5 (2.5) 35.1 (0.4) 17.7 (2.5) 63.1 (2.5)<br />

S<strong>in</strong>ce UNI conta<strong>in</strong>s no flouridiz<strong>in</strong>g agent, fluoride release <strong>of</strong> UNI is only related to cement formation through<br />

acid-base reaction <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> reactive fillers with PAM. ExF reveals, that <strong>the</strong> fluoride release <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> new selfadhesive<br />

materials can be fur<strong>the</strong>r <strong>in</strong>creased by add<strong>in</strong>g a fluoridiz<strong>in</strong>g agent.<br />

Conclusions: The comb<strong>in</strong>ation <strong>of</strong> ReactIR and fluoride release data is a suitable method to detect cement<br />

reaction <strong>in</strong> polymerizable res<strong>in</strong>-based dental materials.<br />

Aim <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Study: The aim <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> present study was to prove <strong>the</strong> cement reaction <strong>of</strong> two commercially<br />

available compomer and two new self-adhesive res<strong>in</strong>-based dental materials through phosphate formation and<br />

fluoride release.<br />

Ziel der Studie: Das Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es, anhand der Phosphatbildung und der Fluoridabgabe<br />

die Zementreaktion von zwei handelsüblichen Compomeren und zwei neuen selbstadhäsiven Kunstst<strong>of</strong>f-<br />

Dentalmaterialien zu zeigen.<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

8


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

CED 2002 RelyX Unicem<br />

0698<br />

Cement Reaction and Fluoride Release <strong>of</strong> Res<strong>in</strong>-Based Dental Materials<br />

A. PREISS*, B. BLUM, R. HECHT and G. DEMIREL; <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG,<br />

Seefeld, Germany<br />

Results: S<strong>in</strong>ce Unicem conta<strong>in</strong>s no fluoridiz<strong>in</strong>g agent, fluoride release <strong>of</strong> this material is only related to cement<br />

formation through acid-base reaction <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> reactive fillers with phosphoric acid methacrylates. Experimental<br />

Fill<strong>in</strong>g Material reveals that <strong>the</strong> fluoride release <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> new self-adhesive material can be fur<strong>the</strong>r <strong>in</strong>creased by<br />

add<strong>in</strong>g a fluoridiz<strong>in</strong>g agent.<br />

Ergebnisse: Da Unicem ke<strong>in</strong>en fluorierten Wirkst<strong>of</strong>f enthält, wird die Fluoridabgabe nur mit der<br />

Zementbildung dieses Materials durch die Säure-Base-Reaktion der reaktiven Füllst<strong>of</strong>fe mit den Phosphorsäure-<br />

Methacrylaten <strong>in</strong> Verb<strong>in</strong>dung gebracht. Das experimentelle Füllmaterial zeigt, dass die Fluoridabgabe des neuen<br />

selbstadhäsiven Materials durch Beifügung e<strong>in</strong>es fluorierten Wirkst<strong>of</strong>fs weiter erhöht werden kann.<br />

Fluoride <strong>in</strong> µg/cm²<br />

70<br />

60<br />

50<br />

40<br />

30<br />

20<br />

10<br />

0<br />

Fluoride Release<br />

X<br />

Ex<br />

F<br />

DA<br />

P<br />

UN<br />

I<br />

0 10 20 30 40<br />

Days<br />

DC<br />

P<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

9


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

ADM 2002 RelyX Unicem<br />

Effect <strong>of</strong> One-day Storage on Gap Formation <strong>of</strong> Indirect Restorations<br />

M. IRIE* 1 , K. SUZUKI 1 , B. WINDMÜLLER 2 ( 1 Okayama University<br />

Graduate School, Okayama, Japan; 2 <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>, Seefeld, Germany)<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert NUMMER FEHLT weglassen<br />

Objective: The seal or bond <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lut<strong>in</strong>g agent to <strong>the</strong> tooth surface with <strong>in</strong>direct restorations is <strong>the</strong> greatest<br />

significance <strong>in</strong> many restorative procedures, and is <strong>of</strong>ten <strong>the</strong> important factor <strong>in</strong> achiev<strong>in</strong>g cl<strong>in</strong>ical success (Dent<br />

Mater 2001; 17: 347-353). The purpose <strong>of</strong> this study was to evaluate <strong>the</strong> gap formation <strong>of</strong> composite <strong>in</strong>lay<br />

restorations (Z 250, <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>) with various lut<strong>in</strong>g agents (UniCem, <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>; Calibra, Dentsply/Caulk,<br />

Panavia F, Kuraray; M-Bond, Tokuyama; Super-Bond, Sun Medical; Fuji Plus, GC).<br />

Methods: A cyl<strong>in</strong>drical cavity was prepared <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> dent<strong>in</strong> cavity, hav<strong>in</strong>g a 3.5 mm with a depth <strong>of</strong><br />

approximately 1.5 mm. One cavity was prepared <strong>in</strong> each tooth on <strong>the</strong> coronal region and <strong>the</strong> medial surface. The<br />

composite <strong>in</strong>lays were <strong>in</strong>serted us<strong>in</strong>g three lut<strong>in</strong>g agents after pretreatment accord<strong>in</strong>g to <strong>the</strong> manufacturers’<br />

<strong>in</strong>struction. A restored tooth was polished and sectioned through <strong>the</strong> center <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> restoration immediately and<br />

after one-day storage. Then, <strong>the</strong> presence or absence <strong>of</strong> marg<strong>in</strong>al gaps was measured at 14 po<strong>in</strong>ts (each 0.5 mm<br />

apart) along <strong>the</strong> cavity restoration <strong>in</strong>terface (n=10, total po<strong>in</strong>ts measured = 140, Oper Dent 2002; 27: 59-65).<br />

This was done with a travel<strong>in</strong>g microscope (x 1000) positioned parallel with <strong>the</strong> cavity wall and bottom on each<br />

half <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sample. The number <strong>of</strong> gaps <strong>in</strong> each sample was totaled and expressed as <strong>the</strong> sum <strong>of</strong> each sample.<br />

The shear bond strength to dent<strong>in</strong> (SBS) <strong>of</strong> composite <strong>in</strong>lay was performed by <strong>the</strong> same materials and<br />

conditions. Statistical analyses were done by Mann-Whitney U-test (<strong>in</strong> sum <strong>of</strong> gaps for all ten samples, p


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

ADM 2002 RelyX Unicem<br />

Effect <strong>of</strong> One-day Storage on Gap Formation <strong>of</strong> Indirect Restorations<br />

M. IRIE* 1 , K. SUZUKI 1 , B. WINDMÜLLER 2 ( 1 Okayama University<br />

Graduate School, Okayama, Japan; 2 <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>, Seefeld, Germany)<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert NUMMER FEHLT weglassen<br />

Aim <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Study: The present study’s core focus was on <strong>the</strong> exam<strong>in</strong>ation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> adhesive strength <strong>of</strong> different<br />

cements that were used for lut<strong>in</strong>g composite <strong>in</strong>lays to human dent<strong>in</strong>, as well as study<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> marg<strong>in</strong>al quality<br />

that resulted <strong>in</strong> do<strong>in</strong>g so.<br />

Ziel der Studie: Die Untersuchung der Haftkräfte verschiedener Zemente, die zur Befestigung von Composite<br />

Inlays an Humandent<strong>in</strong> e<strong>in</strong>gesetzt wurden sowie die Untersuchung der resultierenden Randqualität war Ziel<br />

dieser Studie.<br />

Results: With <strong>the</strong> exception <strong>of</strong> M-Bond all <strong>the</strong> materials that were used showed an improved marg<strong>in</strong>al quality<br />

and higher adhesive values at <strong>the</strong>ir exam<strong>in</strong>ation after one day <strong>in</strong> comparison with <strong>the</strong> evaluation immediately<br />

after cementation. Without any pretreatment steps, RelyX Unicem yielded adhesive values that were <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

range <strong>of</strong> commonly used materials Calibra, Panavia F and Super Bond with <strong>the</strong>ir respective system adhesives.<br />

Ergebnisse: Mit der Ausnahme von M-Bond zeigten alle verwendeten Materialien verbesserte Randqualität und<br />

höhere Haftung bei der Untersuchung nach e<strong>in</strong>em Tag im Vergleich zur Evaluierung unmittelbar nach<br />

Zementierung. RelyX Unicem lieferte ohne Vorbehandlung der Zahnsubstanz Haftwerte, die im Bereich der<br />

gebräuchlichen Materialen Calibra, Panavia F und Super Bond mit ihren jeweiligen Systemadhäsiven lagen.<br />

Shear Bond Strength to Human Dent<strong>in</strong><br />

Sum <strong>of</strong> Gap Formation (After One Day Storage)<br />

[MPa]<br />

25<br />

20<br />

15<br />

10<br />

5<br />

0<br />

RelyX<br />

Unicem<br />

Calibra<br />

Panavia F<br />

M-Bond<br />

Super-Bond<br />

Fuji Plus<br />

n=10; total measur<strong>in</strong>g po<strong>in</strong>ts = 140<br />

15<br />

14<br />

13<br />

12<br />

11<br />

10<br />

9<br />

8<br />

7<br />

6<br />

5<br />

4<br />

3<br />

2<br />

1<br />

0<br />

RelyX<br />

Unicem<br />

Calibra Panavia<br />

F<br />

M-Bond<br />

Super-<br />

Bond<br />

Fuji<br />

Plus<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

11


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

AADR 2003 RelyX Unicem<br />

0582<br />

Unicem Shear Bond Strength to Four Metals<br />

J.E. LEVIN 1 , D. MERCANTE 1 , and J.O. BURGESS 2 , 1 LSU School <strong>of</strong><br />

Dentistry, New Orleans, LA, USA, 2 LSUHSC School <strong>of</strong> Dentistry, New<br />

Orleans, LA, USA<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert<br />

Recently a new cement has been <strong>in</strong>troduced which bonds to sandblasted metal without <strong>the</strong> application <strong>of</strong> a<br />

bond<strong>in</strong>g agent. This may improve crown retention.<br />

Objectives: This study measured and compared <strong>the</strong> shear bond strength <strong>of</strong> Unicem self-adhesive res<strong>in</strong> cement<br />

to four metals.<br />

Methods: 4 x 4 mm wax pattern squares were <strong>in</strong>vested and cast us<strong>in</strong>g each <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> four metals follow<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong><br />

manufacturers directions. The divested patterns were sandblasted with alum<strong>in</strong>um oxide powder (27 micron)<br />

with 40 pound per square <strong>in</strong>ch <strong>of</strong> pressure for 10 seconds. The Unicem encapsulated cement was mixed <strong>in</strong> a<br />

RotoMix for 10 seconds after <strong>the</strong> capsule had been activated. The mixed material was <strong>in</strong>serted <strong>in</strong>to a Teflon<br />

tube, which was placed on <strong>the</strong> metal coupon. Excess cement was removed and <strong>the</strong> cement was light cured with<br />

an Optilux 501 cur<strong>in</strong>g light (output =500 mW/cm2) for a total <strong>of</strong> 30 seconds. The Teflon tube was removed and<br />

<strong>the</strong> specimens were stored at room temperature for 24 hours. After storage, <strong>the</strong> specimens were placed <strong>in</strong>to an<br />

Instron test<strong>in</strong>g mach<strong>in</strong>e model 4411 and loaded <strong>in</strong> shear at a 5 mm per m<strong>in</strong>ute crosshead speed until failure.<br />

Data were analyzed with one factor ANOVA and Tukey HSD multiple comparison procedure. (n=10). Bond<br />

strength = MPa.<br />

Results: Harmony- 5±1MPa, Matticraft B- 5.4±2, Rexcillium 3- 9.2±2, Orthomax-9±2. Bond<strong>in</strong>g to different<br />

alloys produced significantly different shear bond strengths p=.01. Orthomax produced higher shear bond<br />

strengths compared to all o<strong>the</strong>r metal alloys. The o<strong>the</strong>r materials were not significantly different from each<br />

ano<strong>the</strong>r.<br />

Conclusions: Unicem produces a bond to sandblasted metal which may improve crown retention.<br />

Aim <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Study: The novel self-adhesive cement RelyX Unicem can be universally used. The purpose <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

study was to exam<strong>in</strong>e <strong>the</strong> ways <strong>in</strong> which this cementation material could improve conventional cementation <strong>of</strong><br />

metal restorations by means <strong>of</strong> better adhesion.<br />

Ziel der Studie: Der neuartige selbstadhäsive Zement RelyX Unicem kann universell e<strong>in</strong>gesetzt werden.<br />

Gegenstand dieser Studie war es, zu untersuchen, <strong>in</strong>wieweit dieses Befestigungsmaterial auch die<br />

konventionelle Zementierung von Metallrestaurationen durch höhere Haftung verbessern könnte.<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

12


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

AADR 2003 RelyX Unicem<br />

0582<br />

Unicem Shear Bond Strength to Four Metals<br />

J.E. LEVIN1, D. MERCANTE1, and J.O. BURGESS2, 1 LSU School <strong>of</strong><br />

Dentistry, New Orleans, LA, USA, 2 LSUHSC School <strong>of</strong> Dentistry, New<br />

Orleans, LA, USA<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert<br />

Results: RelyX Unicem obta<strong>in</strong>ed good adhesion values with all metal surfaces that were tested. The authors<br />

postulated <strong>the</strong> opportunity <strong>of</strong> an improved crown retention when us<strong>in</strong>g RelyX Unicem.<br />

Ergebnisse: RelyX Unicem erzielte an allen getesteten Metalloberflächen gute Haftwerte. Die Autoren<br />

postulieren die Möglichkeit e<strong>in</strong>er verbesserten Kronenretention bei Verwendung von RelyX Unicem.<br />

10<br />

Shear Bond Strength <strong>of</strong><br />

RelyX Unicem to Metal<br />

[MPa]<br />

5<br />

0<br />

Harmony Matticraft Rexcillium Orthomax<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

13


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

AADR 2003 RelyX Unicem<br />

1197<br />

Bond<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> a Novel Self-adhesive Cement to Tooth Substrates<br />

C.P. TRAJTENBERG, L.M. PINZON, and J.M. POWERS, University <strong>of</strong><br />

Texas Dental Branch at Houston, USA<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert<br />

Comment from <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>: As <strong>the</strong> orig<strong>in</strong>al Abstract 1197 has been revised by <strong>the</strong> authors, <strong>the</strong> slides <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

presentation by C.P. Trajtenberg, March 14 th , 2003, San Antonio, are shown here <strong>in</strong> parts:<br />

Purpose: This study measured <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong> vitro tensile bond strength <strong>of</strong> a self-adhesive cement and two conventional<br />

res<strong>in</strong> cements to human enamel and dent<strong>in</strong>, us<strong>in</strong>g light and self-cured cur<strong>in</strong>g modes.<br />

Experimental Design: Res<strong>in</strong> Cements: RelyX Unicem / <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>, Calibra / Dentsply/Caulk, Variol<strong>in</strong>k II /<br />

Vivadent/Ivoclar; Substrates: dent<strong>in</strong>, superficial enamel; Cur<strong>in</strong>g Modes: light-cur<strong>in</strong>g, self-cur<strong>in</strong>g.<br />

Material and Methods: 80 enamel and dent<strong>in</strong> specimens were prepared from freshly, non-carious third human<br />

molars. Facial and l<strong>in</strong>gual surfaces were imbedded <strong>in</strong> epoxy res<strong>in</strong> fac<strong>in</strong>g outward and were ground on a<br />

metallurgical wheel sequentially with 60-, 320-, 600-grit SiC paper disks. Filtek Z250 (<strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>) composite<br />

cones were created us<strong>in</strong>g PTFE molds that simulated an <strong>in</strong>direct restoration. Enamel and dent<strong>in</strong> surfaces were<br />

etched and primed before cement<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> composite cones with Calibra and Variol<strong>in</strong>k II res<strong>in</strong> cements. Tooth<br />

surfaces were not conditioned (etch<strong>in</strong>g, prim<strong>in</strong>g, bond<strong>in</strong>g) before cement<strong>in</strong>g with <strong>the</strong> self-etch<strong>in</strong>g RelyX<br />

Unicem res<strong>in</strong> cement. Res<strong>in</strong> cements were applied on <strong>the</strong> smaller base <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cones, cemented to <strong>the</strong> bonded<br />

enamel and dent<strong>in</strong> surfaces and light-cured for 40 seconds or when self-cured <strong>the</strong>y were applied <strong>in</strong> a s<strong>in</strong>gle layer<br />

and allowed to set for 15 m<strong>in</strong>utes <strong>in</strong> an <strong>in</strong>cubator at 37°C. Specimens were stored <strong>in</strong> distilled water for 24 hours<br />

<strong>in</strong> an <strong>in</strong>cubator at 37° C. Tensile bond strengths were determ<strong>in</strong>ed us<strong>in</strong>g a test<strong>in</strong>g mach<strong>in</strong>e (Instron) at a<br />

crosshead speed <strong>of</strong> 0.5 mm/m<strong>in</strong>.<br />

Statistics: Means and standard deviations <strong>of</strong> bond strength (MPa) were calculated. Data were analyzed by 3-<br />

way analysis <strong>of</strong> variance. Fisher’s PLSD <strong>in</strong>tervals for bond strength were calculated at <strong>the</strong> 0.05 significance<br />

level.<br />

Results:<br />

Cement/ Mode <strong>of</strong> Cure Bond Strength, MPa Enamel Dent<strong>in</strong><br />

LC SC LC SC<br />

UN 15 (4) 18 (2) 28 (4) 23 (2)<br />

C 24 (6) 23 (4) 25 (5) 4 (1)<br />

V 26 (6) 28 (5) 19 (5) 25 (6)<br />

There was a highly significant difference <strong>in</strong> bond strength among <strong>the</strong> three res<strong>in</strong> cements tested (p 0.2 and<br />

p< 0.03). Interactions between tooth/cement, tooth/cure and tooth/cement/cure were highly significant<br />

(p


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

AADR 2003 RelyX Unicem<br />

1197<br />

Bond<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> a Novel Self-adhesive Cement to Tooth Substrates<br />

C.P. TRAJTENBERG, L.M. PINZON, and J.M. POWERS, University <strong>of</strong><br />

Texas Dental Branch at Houston, USA<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert<br />

cured mode (28 MPa) and <strong>the</strong> second best <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> self-cured mode (23 MPa). Variol<strong>in</strong>k II had <strong>the</strong> highest bond<br />

strength to enamel <strong>in</strong> both, light- and self-cured modes (26 and 28 MPa), respectively. Calibra had <strong>the</strong> lowest<br />

bond strength to dent<strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> self-cured mode (4 MPa). RelyX Unicem had <strong>the</strong> lowest bond strength to enamel<br />

when light-cured (15 MPa).<br />

Conclusions: RelyX Unicem self-adhesive res<strong>in</strong> cement, which did not require any precondition<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

dental surface, bonded better to dent<strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> light- and self-cured modes. The res<strong>in</strong> cements that required<br />

condition<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> dental surface (etch<strong>in</strong>g, prim<strong>in</strong>g and bond<strong>in</strong>g) before <strong>the</strong> cementation procedure bonded best<br />

to enamel and dent<strong>in</strong> (Calibra) when light-cured. Overall, Variol<strong>in</strong>k II bonded best to enamel and dent<strong>in</strong> when<br />

self-cured.<br />

Aim <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Study: This study measured <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong> vitro tensile bond strength <strong>of</strong> a self-adhesive cement and two<br />

conventional res<strong>in</strong> cements to human enamel and dent<strong>in</strong>, us<strong>in</strong>g light and self-cured cur<strong>in</strong>g modes.<br />

Ziel der Studie: Diese Studie untersuchte unter Verwendung der Verfahren der Lichthärtung und der<br />

Dunkel-/Selbsthärtung die <strong>in</strong> vitro Bruchfestigkeit e<strong>in</strong>es selbstadhäsiven Zements und zwei konventionellen<br />

Composite-Zementen an menschlichem Schmelz und Dent<strong>in</strong>.<br />

Results: RelyX Unicem yielded <strong>the</strong> highest adhesion values to dent<strong>in</strong>, as well after light-cur<strong>in</strong>g as after<br />

darkcur<strong>in</strong>g. As to enamel, Variol<strong>in</strong>k with its respective total-etch pretreatment obta<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>the</strong> highest values.<br />

Ergebnisse: RelyX Unicem erzielte am Dent<strong>in</strong>, sowohl <strong>in</strong> der Licht- wie auch Dunkelhärtung die höchsten<br />

Haftwerte. Am Schmelz erreichte Variol<strong>in</strong>k mit entsprechender total-etch Vorbehandlung die höchsten Werte.<br />

[MPa]<br />

40<br />

35<br />

30<br />

25<br />

20<br />

15<br />

10<br />

5<br />

0<br />

Tensile Bond Strength<br />

to Human Enamel<br />

RelyX<br />

Unicem<br />

Calibra<br />

LC<br />

SC<br />

Variol<strong>in</strong>k<br />

[MPa]<br />

40<br />

35<br />

30<br />

25<br />

20<br />

15<br />

10<br />

5<br />

0<br />

Tensile Bond Strength<br />

to Human Dent<strong>in</strong><br />

LC<br />

SC<br />

RelyX Unicem Calibra Variol<strong>in</strong>k<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

15


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

AADR 2003 RelyX Unicem<br />

1279<br />

Handl<strong>in</strong>g Evaluation <strong>of</strong> a Self-adhesive Universal Res<strong>in</strong> Cement by UK<br />

Dental Practitioners<br />

R.J. CRISP, University <strong>of</strong> Birm<strong>in</strong>gham School <strong>of</strong> Dentistry, United K<strong>in</strong>gdom,<br />

F.J.T. BURKE, University <strong>of</strong> Birm<strong>in</strong>gham, United K<strong>in</strong>gdom, and B.<br />

WINDMUELLER, <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>, Seefeld, Germany<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert<br />

Objectives: Easy handl<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> materials may be considered helpful to achieve good cl<strong>in</strong>ical results. This<br />

evaluation assesses <strong>the</strong> handl<strong>in</strong>g properties <strong>of</strong> a novel encapsulated, self adhesive, dual cure res<strong>in</strong>-based lut<strong>in</strong>g<br />

material (RelyX Unicem, <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>, Seefeld, Germany) <strong>in</strong> cl<strong>in</strong>ical use <strong>in</strong> UK dental practices.<br />

Method: Twelve dental practitioners from a UK-wide practice-based research group, <strong>the</strong> PREP (Product<br />

Research and Evaluation by Practitioners) Panel were chosen at random and sent a questionnaire to evaluate <strong>the</strong><br />

presentation, handl<strong>in</strong>g and ease <strong>of</strong> use <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> material; most answers be<strong>in</strong>g given on a visual analogue scale.<br />

Evaluators were also asked a) reasons for choice <strong>of</strong> lut<strong>in</strong>g materials and b) to compare <strong>the</strong> new material to <strong>the</strong><br />

lut<strong>in</strong>g materials normally used.<br />

Results: The new material was used to place 134 restorations and scored 4.8 for dispens<strong>in</strong>g convenience (where<br />

1 =<strong>in</strong>convenient and 5 = convenient). The evaluators’ scored <strong>the</strong> ease <strong>of</strong> use <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir previously used a)<br />

conventional lut<strong>in</strong>g cement at 4.2, and b) res<strong>in</strong> lut<strong>in</strong>g system at 3.7. RelyX Unicem was awarded a score <strong>of</strong> 4.3<br />

for ease <strong>of</strong> use (5 = easy to use and 1 = difficult to use). 92% (n=11) <strong>of</strong> evaluators agreed <strong>the</strong> absence <strong>of</strong> an<br />

etch<strong>in</strong>g and bond<strong>in</strong>g stage was a cl<strong>in</strong>ical advantage. The handl<strong>in</strong>g was described as better than <strong>the</strong> res<strong>in</strong> lut<strong>in</strong>g<br />

material previously used by 75%(n=9) <strong>of</strong> evaluators and all stated <strong>the</strong>y would purchase <strong>the</strong> material if available<br />

at average cost.<br />

Conclusions: A new self-adhesive universal res<strong>in</strong> cement received rat<strong>in</strong>gs for ease <strong>of</strong> use that were superior to<br />

both <strong>the</strong> res<strong>in</strong>-based lut<strong>in</strong>g and ‘conventional’ lut<strong>in</strong>g materials normally used by <strong>the</strong> evaluators.<br />

The support <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> (Seefeld, Germany) is acknowledged.<br />

Aim <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Study: In this application test which was carried out by British dentists, cl<strong>in</strong>ical handl<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> RelyX<br />

Unicem was to be tested.<br />

Ziel der Studie: In diesem Anwendungstest mit britischen Zahnärzten sollte das kl<strong>in</strong>ische Handl<strong>in</strong>g von RelyX<br />

Unicem beurteilt werden.<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

16


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

AADR 2003 RelyX Unicem<br />

1279<br />

Handl<strong>in</strong>g Evaluation <strong>of</strong> a Self-adhesive Universal Res<strong>in</strong> Cement by UK<br />

Dental Practitioners<br />

R.J. CRISP, University <strong>of</strong> Birm<strong>in</strong>gham School <strong>of</strong> Dentistry, United K<strong>in</strong>gdom,<br />

F.J.T. BURKE, University <strong>of</strong> Birm<strong>in</strong>gham, United K<strong>in</strong>gdom, and B.<br />

WINDMUELLER, <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>, Seefeld, Germany<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert<br />

Results: In comparison with customary adhesive lut<strong>in</strong>g materials <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> dental market as well as conventional<br />

cements, <strong>the</strong> new self-adhesive cement RelyX Unicem was categorised to be significantly better with regard to<br />

its handl<strong>in</strong>g.<br />

Ergebnisse: Im Vergleich zu marktüblichen adhäsiven Befestigungsmaterialien wie auch konventionellen<br />

Zementen wurde der neue selbstadhäsive Zement RelyX Unicem h<strong>in</strong>sichtlich se<strong>in</strong>es Handl<strong>in</strong>gs als wesentlich<br />

besser e<strong>in</strong>gestuft.<br />

The evaluators rated <strong>the</strong> follow<strong>in</strong>g aspects <strong>of</strong> RelyX Unicem on a Visual Analogue Scale:<br />

Presentation<br />

Dispens<strong>in</strong>g<br />

5 4.6 1 5 4.6 1<br />

( 5 = excellent and 1 = poor) (5 = convenient and 1 = <strong>in</strong>convenient)<br />

Viscosity<br />

Ease <strong>of</strong> use:<br />

5 3 1 5 4.7 1<br />

(5 = too viscous and 1 = too th<strong>in</strong>) (5 = easy to use and 1 = difficult to use)<br />

92% (n=12) <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> evaluators stated that it was very advantageous that <strong>the</strong>y did not need to etch and bond prior<br />

to lut<strong>in</strong>g.<br />

All 100% (n=13) <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> evaluators stated that <strong>the</strong>y would purchase RelyX Unicem if available at average cost<br />

and recommend <strong>the</strong> material to colleagues.<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

17


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

AADR 2003 RelyX Unicem<br />

1284<br />

Properties <strong>of</strong> Es<strong>the</strong>tic Adhesive Cements<br />

H. LU*, K.L. O'KEEFE, and J.M. POWERS, University <strong>of</strong> Texas Dental<br />

Branch at Houston, USA<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert<br />

Objectives: Properties <strong>of</strong> a self-adhesive res<strong>in</strong>-based cement were compared to res<strong>in</strong> and traditional cements.<br />

Methods: The flexural properties, color stability and radio-opacity <strong>of</strong> Unicem (UN), glass ionomer (Fuji I, FI),<br />

hybrid ionomer (FujiCEM, FC), compomer (Pr<strong>in</strong>ciple, PR) and res<strong>in</strong> cement (Variol<strong>in</strong>k II, VII) were<br />

determ<strong>in</strong>ed. Two cur<strong>in</strong>g modes <strong>of</strong> UN (LC, SC) and VII (LC, DC) were tested. Flexural strength (FS) and<br />

modulus (FM) were tested with an Instron at 0.5 mm/m<strong>in</strong> (n=8). Color stability was measured with a<br />

spectrophotometer (ColorEye 7000) after specimens were aged at 150, 300, 450 kJ/m 2 (n=5). Radio-opacity was<br />

tested by ISO 4049.<br />

Results: Means (sd) <strong>of</strong> flexural properties and color stabilities are listed. Fisher's PLSD <strong>in</strong>tervals (PLSD) are<br />

listed (p=0.05).<br />

Product FS, MPa FM, GPa DE*, 150 kJ/m2 DE*, 300 kJ/m2 DE*, 450 kJ/m2<br />

UNLC 88 (8) 8.7 (0.5) 8.8 (0.2) 8.0 (0.6) 3.5 (0.8)<br />

UNSC 71 (5) 6.3 (0.3) 6.0 (1.0) 9.4 (1.4) 14.3 (2.2)<br />

FI 22 (5) 10.6 (2.1) -- -- --<br />

FC 30 (2) 3.8 (0.5) 20.3 (0.3) 22.5 (0.8) 22.6 (0.4)<br />

PR 75 (5) 8.6 (1.1) 5.6 (0.8) 5.4 (0.6) 7.1 (0.8)<br />

VIILC 133 (12) 9.1 (0.9) 7.7 (3.0) 9.8 (0.6) 10.5 (0.4)<br />

VIIDC 124 (14) 10.3 (0.5) 10.2 (0.2) 11.3 (0.1) 11.8 (0.2)<br />

PLSD 9 1.0 1.6 1.6 1.6<br />

Conclusions: There were significant differences <strong>in</strong> FS and FM. VII had <strong>the</strong> highest FS, followed by UN, PR<br />

and FI. Color stability decreased as <strong>the</strong> accelerated age<strong>in</strong>g energy level <strong>in</strong>creased except UNLC. Res<strong>in</strong>-based<br />

cements (UN, PR, VII) were more color stable than glass ionomers (FI and FC). UN and PR passed <strong>the</strong> ISO<br />

standard <strong>in</strong> radio-opacity test while FI and FC failed. Supported by <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>.<br />

Aim <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Study: RelyX Unicem’s material qualities such as flexural strength, e-modulus, color stability and<br />

radiopacity were exam<strong>in</strong>ed and compared with current cements.<br />

Ziel der Studie: Die Materialeigenschaften Biegefestigkeit, E-Modul, Farbstabilität und Radiopazität von<br />

RelyX Unicem wurden untersucht und mit gängigen Zementen verglichen.<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

18


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

AADR 2003 RelyX Unicem<br />

1284<br />

Properties <strong>of</strong> Es<strong>the</strong>tic Adhesive Cements<br />

H. LU*, K.L. O'KEEFE, and J.M. POWERS, University <strong>of</strong> Texas Dental<br />

Branch at Houston, USA<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert<br />

Results: RelyX Unicem’s material qualities figure among those <strong>of</strong> res<strong>in</strong>-based cements. Variol<strong>in</strong>k II showed <strong>the</strong><br />

highest flexural strength, RelyX Unicem when light-cured was <strong>the</strong> only material not to show any <strong>in</strong>crease <strong>of</strong><br />

discoloration at an <strong>in</strong>creas<strong>in</strong>g energy level for age<strong>in</strong>g simulation.<br />

Ergebnisse: Die Materialeigenschaften von RelyX Unicem reihen sich <strong>in</strong> diejenigen kunstst<strong>of</strong>fbasierter<br />

Zemente e<strong>in</strong>. Variol<strong>in</strong>k II zeigte die höchste Biegefestigkeit, RelyX Unicem lichtgehärtet zeigte als e<strong>in</strong>ziges<br />

Material ke<strong>in</strong>e steigende Verfärbung bei zunehmendem Energielevel zur Simulation der Alterung.<br />

[MPa]<br />

150<br />

140<br />

130<br />

120<br />

110<br />

100<br />

90<br />

80<br />

70<br />

60<br />

50<br />

40<br />

30<br />

20<br />

10<br />

0<br />

Flexural Strength<br />

Unicem LC Unicem SC Fuji I Fuji Cem Pr<strong>in</strong>ciple Variol<strong>in</strong>k LC Variol<strong>in</strong>k<br />

DC<br />

25<br />

150 kJ/m2 300 kJ/m2 450 kJ/m2<br />

20<br />

Accelerated Ag<strong>in</strong>g<br />

[Delta E*]<br />

15<br />

10<br />

5<br />

0<br />

Unicem LC Unicem SC Fuji Cem Pr<strong>in</strong>ciple Variol<strong>in</strong>k LC Variol<strong>in</strong>k DC<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

19


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

AADR 2003 RelyX Unicem<br />

1651<br />

Fracture Strength <strong>of</strong> Dent<strong>in</strong>-bonded Crowns Luted with a Self-adhesive<br />

Res<strong>in</strong>-lut<strong>in</strong>g Material<br />

F.J.T. BURKE, University <strong>of</strong> Birm<strong>in</strong>gham, United K<strong>in</strong>gdom, G.J. FLEMING,<br />

University <strong>of</strong> Birm<strong>in</strong>gham, United K<strong>in</strong>gdom, and B. WINDMUELLER, <strong>3M</strong><br />

<strong>ESPE</strong>, Seefeld, Germany<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert<br />

Objectives: This paper exam<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>the</strong> fracture strength <strong>of</strong> dent<strong>in</strong>e-bonded crowns luted with a novel, selfadhesive,<br />

encapsulated, res<strong>in</strong>-based lut<strong>in</strong>g materal1 and compares this with <strong>the</strong> strength <strong>of</strong> crowns constructed<br />

<strong>in</strong> feldspathic porcela<strong>in</strong> luted, follow<strong>in</strong>g etch<strong>in</strong>g and bond<strong>in</strong>g, with a res<strong>in</strong>-based lut<strong>in</strong>g material 2.<br />

Methods: Twenty sound maxillary premolars, free from caries and cracks, and selected us<strong>in</strong>g strict criteria,<br />

were mounted <strong>in</strong> acrylic res<strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong> sta<strong>in</strong>less steel moulds. Teeth were prepared for full crowns similar to previous<br />

<strong>in</strong>vestigations, namely, 2mm occlusal reduction, 60 taper and m<strong>in</strong>imal shoulder. Standardised crowns were<br />

constructed <strong>in</strong> feldspathic porcela<strong>in</strong>. Ten crowns were luted to <strong>the</strong> prepared teeth us<strong>in</strong>g RelyX Unicem 1 (Group<br />

RU), ten us<strong>in</strong>g a dent<strong>in</strong>e bond<strong>in</strong>g agent after etch<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tooth surface with 37% phosphoric acid and luted<br />

us<strong>in</strong>g a conventional res<strong>in</strong> lut<strong>in</strong>g material 2 (Mirage ABC/FLC:Group M). Compressive force was applied<br />

through a 4mm sta<strong>in</strong>less steel bar applied to <strong>the</strong> occlusal surface <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> restored specimens.<br />

Results: A mean fractur<strong>in</strong>g force <strong>of</strong> 0.89 kN (SD 0.22) was recorded for <strong>the</strong> specimens <strong>of</strong> group RU and 0.76<br />

kN (SD 0.27) for <strong>the</strong> specimens <strong>of</strong> group M. Comparison <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fractur<strong>in</strong>g forces <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> two groups us<strong>in</strong>g a<br />

Scheffe Test <strong>in</strong>dicated that <strong>the</strong> force to fracture <strong>of</strong> dent<strong>in</strong>e-bonded crowns <strong>of</strong> group RU was not significantly<br />

different to that <strong>of</strong> similar crowns <strong>in</strong> group M. The fracture mode <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> crowns <strong>of</strong> group RU was less severe,<br />

than <strong>in</strong> 50% <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> specimens <strong>of</strong> group M.<br />

Conclusions: In vitro fracture resistance <strong>of</strong> dent<strong>in</strong>e-bonded crowns luted with a novel self-adhesive res<strong>in</strong> lut<strong>in</strong>g<br />

material was not significantly different to that <strong>of</strong> similar crowns luted, after etch<strong>in</strong>g and bond<strong>in</strong>g, with a<br />

conventional res<strong>in</strong> cement.<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

20


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

AADR 2003 RelyX Unicem<br />

1651<br />

Fracture Strength <strong>of</strong> Dent<strong>in</strong>-bonded Crowns Luted with a Self-adhesive<br />

Res<strong>in</strong>-lut<strong>in</strong>g Material<br />

F.J.T. BURKE, University <strong>of</strong> Birm<strong>in</strong>gham, United K<strong>in</strong>gdom, G.J. FLEMING,<br />

University <strong>of</strong> Birm<strong>in</strong>gham, United K<strong>in</strong>gdom, and B. WINDMUELLER, <strong>3M</strong><br />

<strong>ESPE</strong>, Seefeld, Germany<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert<br />

Aim <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Study: The question for <strong>the</strong> ways <strong>in</strong> which <strong>the</strong> novel self-adhesive lut<strong>in</strong>g cement RelyX Unicem can<br />

stabilize <strong>the</strong> adhesion tooth-ceramic crown was <strong>the</strong> content <strong>of</strong> this study. As a basis for comparison, <strong>the</strong><br />

cl<strong>in</strong>ically tested system Mirage ABS/FLC was consulted.<br />

Ziel der Studie: Inhalt dieser Arbeit war die Fragestellung, <strong>in</strong>wieweit das neuartige selbstadhäsive<br />

Befestigungsmaterial RelyX Unicem, den Verbund Zahn-Keramikkrone stabilisieren kann. Als Vergleich wurde<br />

das kl<strong>in</strong>isch bewährte System Mirage ABS/FLC herangezogen.<br />

Results: Both adhesive materials could stabilize <strong>the</strong> cemented feldspathic porcela<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> same way. RelyX<br />

Unicem, however, did not require any pretreatment steps whatsoever.<br />

Ergebnisse: Beide adhäsiven Materialien konnten <strong>in</strong> gleicher Weise die e<strong>in</strong>zementierte Feldspatkeramik<br />

stabilisieren. RelyX Unicem benötigte hierbei ke<strong>in</strong>erlei Vorbehandlungsschritte.<br />

1200<br />

1000<br />

Fractur<strong>in</strong>g Force<br />

800<br />

[N]<br />

600<br />

400<br />

200<br />

0<br />

RelyX Unicem<br />

Mirage ABC/FLC<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

21


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 RelyX Unicem<br />

0066<br />

Three-body Wear Behavior <strong>of</strong> a New Self-adhesive Universal Res<strong>in</strong><br />

Cement<br />

N. KRÄMER, T. THALMAIR, U. LOHBAUER, M. PELKA, R.<br />

FRANKENBERGER, and S. REICH, University <strong>of</strong> Erlangen-Nuremberg,<br />

Germany<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert<br />

One major trend <strong>in</strong> lut<strong>in</strong>g ceramic <strong>in</strong>lays today is to simplify <strong>the</strong> lut<strong>in</strong>g procedure. RelyX UnicemR was<br />

<strong>in</strong>troduced for lut<strong>in</strong>g adhesive <strong>in</strong>lays without any pre-treatment <strong>of</strong> dental hard tissues.<br />

Objectives: The aim <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> present study was to evaluate <strong>the</strong> wear behavior <strong>of</strong> RelyX Unicem R <strong>in</strong> comparison<br />

to three conventional res<strong>in</strong> lut<strong>in</strong>g cements and one glass ionomer cement (GIC).<br />

Methodes: Sixty Class I CERECR <strong>in</strong>lays (Vita-MarkR II) were adhesively <strong>in</strong>serted <strong>in</strong>to cavities hav<strong>in</strong>g been<br />

placed <strong>in</strong> IPS EmpressR samples to simulate surround<strong>in</strong>g enamal. The lut<strong>in</strong>g materials were (n = 10 per group):<br />

RelyX Unicem R auto cure (U-auto), RelyX Unicem R dual cure (U-dual), CompoluteR (CL), PanaviaR F<br />

(Pan), Variol<strong>in</strong>kR II Low (VL), and Fuji CemR (FC). Wear was simulated by <strong>the</strong> ACTA method (DeGee 1986).<br />

3D-measurements <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> specimens were carried out with a pr<strong>of</strong>ilometer (Per<strong>the</strong>n S3P) after 200.000 cycles.<br />

The average widths and <strong>the</strong> average depths <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lut<strong>in</strong>g gaps were evaluated by <strong>the</strong> s<strong>of</strong>tware XPertR for<br />

W<strong>in</strong>dows.<br />

Results: After 2 x 105 cycles <strong>the</strong> follow<strong>in</strong>g average lut<strong>in</strong>g space wear rates were detected [µm] (SD):<br />

U-auto U-dual CL Pan VL FC<br />

Width 190(50) 175(43) 179(74) 220(73) 194(54) 167(41)<br />

Depth 23(10) 17(4) 15(3) 17(3) 15(4) 32(11)<br />

Conclusions: There were no significan tdifferences <strong>in</strong> lut<strong>in</strong>g gap width (ANOVA, mod. LSD, p>.05). The<br />

highest wear rates were calculated for GICF Cand <strong>the</strong> U-auto (p


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 RelyX Unicem<br />

0066<br />

Three-body Wear Behavior <strong>of</strong> a New Self-adhesive Universal Res<strong>in</strong><br />

Cement<br />

N. KRÄMER, T. THALMAIR, U. LOHBAUER, M. PELKA, R.<br />

FRANKENBERGER, and S. REICH, University <strong>of</strong> Erlangen-Nuremberg,<br />

Germany<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert<br />

Results: The significantly highest abrasion was found for <strong>the</strong> glass ionomer cement Fuji Cem. All rema<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g<br />

materials were located on one level <strong>of</strong> significance.<br />

Ergebnisse: Die signifikant größte Abrasion wurde für den Glasionomerzement Fuji Cem gefunden. Alle<br />

anderen Materialien lagen auf e<strong>in</strong>em Signifikanzniveau.<br />

50<br />

Wear Depth<br />

40<br />

30<br />

[µm]<br />

20<br />

10<br />

0<br />

RelyX Unicem LC Compolute LC Panavia F LC Variol<strong>in</strong>k II low LC Fuji Cem LC<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

23


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 RelyX Unicem<br />

1452<br />

In vitro Retentive Strength <strong>of</strong> All-ceramic Crowns<br />

C.-P. ERNST, U. COHNEN, E. STENDER, and B. WILLERSHAUSEN,<br />

Johannes Gutenberg-University Ma<strong>in</strong>z, Germany<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert<br />

Objectives: The retentive strength <strong>of</strong> different res<strong>in</strong>-Cement systems (A: Compolute/EBS Multi, B:<br />

Compolute/EBS Multi/Rocatec, C: Superbond C & B, D: Superbond C & B/Rocatec, E: Superbond C &<br />

B/Porcela<strong>in</strong> L<strong>in</strong>er M, F: Panavia F, G: Dyract Cem/Xeno III, H: Chemiace II/Porcela<strong>in</strong> L<strong>in</strong>er M, I: RelyX<br />

Lut<strong>in</strong>g, J: Ketac Cem/Ketac Conditioner, K: Ketac Cem, L: RelyX Unicem) were exam<strong>in</strong>ed for Lut<strong>in</strong>g zirconoxide<br />

ceramic crowns (LAVA, <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>) on extracted human teeth.<br />

Methods: 120 extracted teeth (n=10) were prepared <strong>in</strong> a standardized manner (5°, h=3mm). The res<strong>in</strong> cements<br />

and <strong>the</strong> adhesive system were used accord<strong>in</strong>g to manufacturers recommendations. After <strong>the</strong>rmocycl<strong>in</strong>g (5000 x,<br />

5-55°C), <strong>the</strong> cemented ceramic crowns (Rocatec-pretreatment at <strong>the</strong> outer surface; connected over a low<br />

shr<strong>in</strong>kage epoxy res<strong>in</strong> to macro-mechanical undercuts <strong>in</strong> a res<strong>in</strong> block, made out <strong>of</strong> Paladur denture base<br />

material) were removed along <strong>the</strong> path <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>sertion us<strong>in</strong>g a Zwick universal test<strong>in</strong>g device. The retention surface<br />

was determ<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>in</strong>dividually for each tooth (Dahl & Oilo, Dent Mater 2, 1986). Statistical analyses: (Wilcoxon<br />

exact test, 5% level, Bonferroni-correction: p


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 RelyX Unicem<br />

1452<br />

In vitro Retentive Strength <strong>of</strong> All-ceramic Crowns<br />

C.-P. ERNST, U. COHNEN, E. STENDER, and B. WILLERSHAUSEN,<br />

Johannes Gutenberg-University Ma<strong>in</strong>z, Germany<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert<br />

Results: Superbond C & B <strong>in</strong> comb<strong>in</strong>ation with a pretreatment <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> crowns by means <strong>of</strong> Rocatec yielded <strong>the</strong><br />

highest retentive forces. The medians <strong>of</strong> RelyX Unicem, Superbond C & B, Panavia F, Dyract Cem and RelyX<br />

Lut<strong>in</strong>g were on <strong>the</strong> highest level <strong>of</strong> significance <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> group without pretreatment <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ceramic.<br />

Ergebnisse: Superbond C & B <strong>in</strong> Komb<strong>in</strong>ation mit e<strong>in</strong>er Vorbehandlung der Kronen mittels Rocatec lieferte die<br />

höchsten retentiven Haftkräfte. Innerhalb der Gruppe ohne weitere Vorbehandlung der Keramikoberfläche lagen<br />

die Mediane von RelyX Unicem, Superbond C & B, Panavia F, Dyract Cem und RelyX Lut<strong>in</strong>g auf dem<br />

höchsten Signifikanzniveau.<br />

12<br />

10<br />

8<br />

6<br />

4<br />

2<br />

0<br />

Retentive Strength <strong>of</strong> All-Ceramic Crowns<br />

Superbond<br />

C&B<br />

Superbond<br />

C&B/RT<br />

Superbond<br />

C&B/Porcela<strong>in</strong><br />

L<strong>in</strong>er M<br />

Compolute/EBS<br />

Multi<br />

Compolute/EBS<br />

Multi/RT<br />

[N/mm2]<br />

RelyX Unicem<br />

Panavia F<br />

Dyract<br />

Cem/Xeno III<br />

Chemiace<br />

II/Porcela<strong>in</strong><br />

L<strong>in</strong>er M<br />

RelyX Lut<strong>in</strong>g<br />

Ketac Cem<br />

Ketac<br />

Cem/Ketac<br />

Conditioner<br />

Removal<br />

Screw with hook, screwed <strong>in</strong>to<br />

<strong>the</strong> screw base, fixed <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

Paladur<br />

Paladur denture<br />

base material<br />

Screw base<br />

Low shr<strong>in</strong>kage<br />

Epoxy-res<strong>in</strong><br />

LAVA-cap with retentions,<br />

Rocatec coated (outside)<br />

Prepared tooth<br />

fixture<br />

Root <strong>of</strong> tooth<br />

with retentions<br />

Test design to evaluate retentive strength<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

25


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 RelyX Unicem<br />

1456<br />

Long-term Shear Bond Strength <strong>of</strong> Lut<strong>in</strong>g Cements to Dent<strong>in</strong><br />

A. PIWOWARCZYK, K. LINDEMANN, H. ZIPPRICH, and H.-C. LAUER,<br />

University <strong>of</strong> Frankfurt, Germany<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert<br />

Objectives: This study determ<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>the</strong> long-term shear-bond strength <strong>of</strong> dual-cure cements to human dent<strong>in</strong>.<br />

Methods: Caries-free molars were prepared as to expose <strong>the</strong>ir dent<strong>in</strong> by gr<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> teeth flat with 600-grit SiC<br />

sandpaper. Each bond<strong>in</strong>g system was applied accord<strong>in</strong>g to manufacturer’s <strong>in</strong>structions. Materials tested: 1a)<br />

PermaCem self-cured (SC) (DMG), 1b) PermaCem light-cured (LC), 2a) RelyX ARC SC (<strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>), 2b)<br />

RelyX ARC LC, 3a) Panavia F SC (Kuraray), 3b) Panavia F LC, 4a) Variol<strong>in</strong>k II SC (IvoclarVivadent), 4b)<br />

Variol<strong>in</strong>k II LC, 5a) Nexus2 SC (Kerr), 5b) Nexus2 LC, 6a) Calibra SC (DentsplyDeTrey), 6b) Calibra LC, 7a)<br />

RelyX Unicem SC (<strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>), 7b) RelyX Unicem LC. Ten specimens per group were fabricated: Group (A)<br />

was aged and tested after 150 days 37°C water storage; group (B) was stored <strong>in</strong> water for 150 days at 37°C, <strong>the</strong>n<br />

<strong>the</strong>rmocycled (37.500X, 5–55°C). One-way ANOVA was used to determ<strong>in</strong>e significant differences (p


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 RelyX Unicem<br />

1456<br />

Long-term Shear Bond Strength <strong>of</strong> Lut<strong>in</strong>g Cements to Dent<strong>in</strong><br />

A. PIWOWARCZYK, K. LINDEMANN, H. ZIPPRICH, and H.-C. LAUER,<br />

University <strong>of</strong> Frankfurt, Germany<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert<br />

Results: Variol<strong>in</strong>k II LC and Nexus 2 LC showed <strong>the</strong> highest values. This group was followed directly by<br />

Variol<strong>in</strong>k II SC, RelyX Unicem LC, Panavia F SC and Nexus 2 SC.<br />

Ergebnisse: Variol<strong>in</strong>k II LC und Nexus 2 LC zeigten die höchsten Werte. Direkt gefolgt wurde diese Gruppe<br />

von Variol<strong>in</strong>k II SC, RelyX Unicem LC, Panavia F SC und Nexus 2 SC.<br />

14<br />

12<br />

10<br />

Shear Bond Strength after<br />

150d / 37°C / H2O<br />

and TC 37.000x 5-55°C<br />

[MPa]<br />

8<br />

6<br />

4<br />

2<br />

0<br />

Variol<strong>in</strong>k II LC Nexus 2 LC Variol<strong>in</strong>k II SC RelyX Unicem<br />

LC<br />

Panavia F SC<br />

Nexus 2 SC<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

27


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 RelyX Unicem<br />

1463<br />

Bond Strengths <strong>of</strong> Res<strong>in</strong> Lut<strong>in</strong>g Materials to Crown and Root Dent<strong>in</strong><br />

R. WALTER, P.A. MIGUEZ, and P.N.R. PEREIRA, University <strong>of</strong> North<br />

Carol<strong>in</strong>a, Chapel Hill, USA<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert<br />

Limited evidence exists compar<strong>in</strong>g bond strengths <strong>of</strong> res<strong>in</strong> Lut<strong>in</strong>g cements to crown vs. root dent<strong>in</strong>.<br />

Objectives: The purpose <strong>of</strong> this study was to evaluate <strong>the</strong> microtensile bond strength <strong>of</strong> two commercially<br />

available dual-cured res<strong>in</strong> Lut<strong>in</strong>g materials and a glass ionomer cement to crown vs. root dent<strong>in</strong>.<br />

Methods: RelyX Unicem [RU (<strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>)], Panavia F [PF (Kuraray Medical Inc.)] were <strong>the</strong> res<strong>in</strong> Lut<strong>in</strong>g<br />

materials used and FujiCEM [FC (GC Corporation)] was <strong>the</strong> negative control. Seven bov<strong>in</strong>e <strong>in</strong>cisors stored<br />

frozen had <strong>the</strong> labial crown and root surfaces ground with 600 grit SiC. The dent<strong>in</strong> was treated as necessary<br />

accord<strong>in</strong>g to <strong>the</strong> manufacturer’s <strong>in</strong>structions, and a 1mm thick layer <strong>of</strong> each Lut<strong>in</strong>g material was mixed and<br />

applied to <strong>the</strong> crown and root dent<strong>in</strong> surfaces. A composite build-up was made over <strong>the</strong> Lut<strong>in</strong>g cements for<br />

test<strong>in</strong>g purposes. After 24 hours <strong>in</strong> water at 37°C, <strong>the</strong> teeth were sectioned <strong>in</strong>to 1mm x 1mm beams and tested<br />

for microtensile bond strength with a tabletop tester (EZ-test) at a crosshead speed <strong>of</strong> 1mm/m<strong>in</strong>. The data were<br />

analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Fisher’s PLSD test (p0.05).<br />

Conclusions: Although bond strengths among materials differed significantly (p


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 RelyX Unicem<br />

1463<br />

Bond Strengths <strong>of</strong> Res<strong>in</strong> Lut<strong>in</strong>g Materials to Crown and Root Dent<strong>in</strong><br />

R. WALTER, P.A. MIGUEZ, and P.N.R. PEREIRA, University <strong>of</strong> North<br />

Carol<strong>in</strong>a, Chapel Hill, USA<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert<br />

Results: RelyX Unicem showed <strong>the</strong> highest values at both substrates that were tested. The adhesion values to<br />

root dent<strong>in</strong> and coronal dent<strong>in</strong> <strong>of</strong> a cement did not statistically differ.<br />

Ergebnisse: RelyX Unicem zeigte an beiden untersuchten Substraten die höchsten Werte. Die Haftwerte an<br />

Wurzeldent<strong>in</strong> und koronalen Dent<strong>in</strong> e<strong>in</strong>es Zementes unterschieden sich statistisch nicht.<br />

25<br />

Crown<br />

Root<br />

Microtensile Bond Strength<br />

20<br />

15<br />

[MPa]<br />

10<br />

5<br />

0<br />

RelyX Unicem Panavia F Fuji Cem<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

29


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 RelyX Unicem<br />

1991<br />

Longevity Data <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> First Self-adhesive Universal Res<strong>in</strong> Cement<br />

R. HECHT, M. LUDSTECK, G. RAIA, and B. WINDMÜLLER, <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong><br />

AG, Seefeld, Germany<br />

Longterm adhesion to tooth structure and expansion are essential properties for <strong>the</strong> cl<strong>in</strong>ical success <strong>of</strong> res<strong>in</strong>based<br />

Lut<strong>in</strong>g materials.<br />

Objectives: The present study compares <strong>the</strong> behavior <strong>of</strong> l<strong>in</strong>ear expansion and tensile bond strength (TBS) on<br />

bov<strong>in</strong>e dent<strong>in</strong> <strong>of</strong> commercially available res<strong>in</strong>-based Lut<strong>in</strong>g materials (self-cur<strong>in</strong>g mode).<br />

Methods: TBS was determ<strong>in</strong>ed accord<strong>in</strong>g to <strong>the</strong> method described <strong>in</strong> J. Dent. Res. 76,1997,313 us<strong>in</strong>g 5<br />

specimens <strong>of</strong> each material and condition<strong>in</strong>g or bond<strong>in</strong>g procedures recommended by <strong>the</strong> manufacturer. For<br />

simulat<strong>in</strong>g longterm cl<strong>in</strong>ical situation specimens <strong>of</strong> RelyX Unicem were stored <strong>in</strong> R<strong>in</strong>ger’s solution at 36 °C.<br />

TBS was measured after 3m and 1y. To determ<strong>in</strong>e l<strong>in</strong>ear expansion specimens were prepared accord<strong>in</strong>g to ISO<br />

4049:2000 (7.11) and stored <strong>in</strong> deionized water at 36 °C to age <strong>the</strong> materials. The length <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> specimens was<br />

measured <strong>in</strong>itially, after 1w, 1m, 3m and 6m and l<strong>in</strong>ear dimensional changes were calculated. The results<br />

(±standard deviation) are summarized <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> follow<strong>in</strong>g table. Average values marked by <strong>the</strong> same characters do<br />

not significantly differ (multiple range test p> Dyract Cem Plus > Panavia F, RelyX<br />

Unicem.<br />

Conclusions: The obta<strong>in</strong>ed data for RelyX Unicem support promis<strong>in</strong>g longterm behavior <strong>of</strong> this new universal<br />

cement.<br />

Aim <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Study: The expansion over 6 months as well as tensile bond strength to dent<strong>in</strong> was <strong>the</strong> topic <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

present study. All materials were exam<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>in</strong> chemical-cure mode.<br />

Ziel der Studie: Die Expansion über 6 Monate sowie die Zughaftung an Dent<strong>in</strong> war Inhalt der vorliegenden<br />

Studie. Alle Materialien wurden im chemisch härtenden Modus untersucht.<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

30


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 RelyX Unicem<br />

1991<br />

Longevity Data <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> First Self-adhesive Universal Res<strong>in</strong> Cement<br />

R. HECHT, M. LUDSTECK, G. RAIA, and B. WINDMÜLLER, <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong><br />

AG, Seefeld, Germany<br />

Results: The self-adhesive RelyX Unicem showed comparable adhesion values with regard to Panavia F.<br />

Moreover, RelyX Unicem was water-stored at 36° for more than a year. The adhesion values found<br />

subsequently lead to higher mean values that admittedly do not represent a statistical significance. Fur<strong>the</strong>rmore,<br />

RelyX Unicem and Panavia F showed <strong>the</strong> lowest expansion values.<br />

Ergebnisse: Das selbstadhäsive RelyX Unicem zeigte vergleichbare Haftwerte zu Panavia F. RelyX Unicem<br />

wurde darüber h<strong>in</strong>aus über 1Jahr <strong>in</strong> 36°C temperiertem Wasser gelagert. Die anschließend ermittelten Haftwerte<br />

führten zu höheren Mean Werten, die allerd<strong>in</strong>gs ke<strong>in</strong>e statistische Signifikanz aufwiesen. RelyX Unicem und<br />

Panavia F zeigten darüberh<strong>in</strong>aus die ger<strong>in</strong>gsten Quellwerte.<br />

Tensile Bond Strength to<br />

Bov<strong>in</strong>e Teeth<br />

Longterm Tensile Bond Strength to<br />

Bov<strong>in</strong>e Teeth<br />

[MPa]<br />

5<br />

4,5<br />

4<br />

3,5<br />

3<br />

2,5<br />

2<br />

1,5<br />

1<br />

0,5<br />

0<br />

[MPa]<br />

7<br />

6<br />

5<br />

4<br />

3<br />

1 day 3 months 1 year<br />

Dyract Cem<br />

Plus / NRC /<br />

Prime&Bond<br />

NT<br />

Fuji Plus /<br />

Dent<strong>in</strong><br />

Conditioner<br />

Panavia F / Ed<br />

Primer<br />

RelyX Unicem<br />

2<br />

1<br />

0<br />

RelyX Unicem<br />

L<strong>in</strong>ear Expansion over 6 months<br />

[%]<br />

2<br />

1,8<br />

1,6<br />

1,4<br />

1,2<br />

1<br />

0,8<br />

0,6<br />

0,4<br />

0,2<br />

0<br />

[days]<br />

7 30 90 180<br />

DCP FPL PAN RXU<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

31


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 RelyX Unicem<br />

1992<br />

Effect <strong>of</strong> Thermocycl<strong>in</strong>g on Gap Formation <strong>of</strong> Composite Inlays<br />

M. IRIE 1 , B. WINDMUELLER 2 , and K. SUZUKI 1 , 1 Okayama University,<br />

Japan, 2 <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG, Seefeld, Germany<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert<br />

Objectives: One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> major concerns with composite <strong>in</strong>lays is <strong>the</strong> long term gap formation. The purpose <strong>of</strong><br />

this study was to show <strong>the</strong> effect <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>rmocycl<strong>in</strong>g on <strong>the</strong> gap formation between composite <strong>in</strong>lays (Z 250, <strong>3M</strong><br />

<strong>ESPE</strong>) and new Lut<strong>in</strong>g agents (RelyX Unicem (RLX), <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>; Calibra (CAL), Dentsply/Caulk; Panavia F<br />

(PNF), Luraray, Fuji Plus (FJP), GC).<br />

Methods: A cyl<strong>in</strong>drical cavity was prepared <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> dent<strong>in</strong> cavity, hav<strong>in</strong>g a diameter <strong>of</strong> 3.5 mm with a depth <strong>of</strong><br />

approximately 1.5 mm. The composite <strong>in</strong>lays were <strong>in</strong>serted us<strong>in</strong>g four Lut<strong>in</strong>g agents after ptretreatment<br />

accord<strong>in</strong>g to <strong>the</strong> manufacturer's <strong>in</strong>structions. A restored tooth was polished and exam<strong>in</strong>ed after one-day storage<br />

(Base-l<strong>in</strong>e). Then <strong>the</strong> presence or absence <strong>of</strong> gaps was measured at 14 po<strong>in</strong>ts (each 0.5 mm apart) along <strong>the</strong><br />

cavity restoration <strong>in</strong>terface (n=10, total po<strong>in</strong>ts measured=140, X 1,000, Oper Dent 2002; 27:59-65). The same<br />

samples were re-measured after 10,000, 20,000 and 40,000 <strong>the</strong>rmocycles (TC) (5 or 55 C). Statistical analyses<br />

were done <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Tukey test (Non parametric, p=0.05).<br />

Results: Results summarized data for gap formation <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> restorative cavity: Sum <strong>of</strong> Gap Formation (n=10,<br />

Total measur<strong>in</strong>g po<strong>in</strong>ts=140) RLX CAL PNF FJP Base-l<strong>in</strong>e 8 A 12 B 19 C 12 D After 10,000 TC 10 A 16 B 21<br />

C 11 D After 20,000 TC 16 A 21 B 30 C 28 D E After 40,000 TC 18 A 32 B 43 C 44 E.The values designed<br />

with same letters are not significantly different.<br />

Conclusions: 40,000 <strong>the</strong>rmocycles did not significantly affect gap formation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> three res<strong>in</strong> Lut<strong>in</strong>g agents<br />

with composite <strong>in</strong>lays. However, it did significantly affect <strong>the</strong> tested res<strong>in</strong>-modified glass-ionomer Lut<strong>in</strong>g<br />

agents <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> negative way.<br />

Aim <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Study: The present study exam<strong>in</strong>es <strong>the</strong> marg<strong>in</strong>al quality <strong>of</strong> composite <strong>in</strong>lays limited by <strong>the</strong> dent<strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong><br />

an <strong>in</strong> vitro test<strong>in</strong>g after 60,000 <strong>the</strong>rmocycles between 5 and 55°C. Thereby, lut<strong>in</strong>g cements <strong>of</strong> different material<br />

classes were used.<br />

Ziel der Studie: Diese Studie untersucht die Randqualität von dent<strong>in</strong>begrenzten Composite Inlays <strong>in</strong> e<strong>in</strong>em <strong>in</strong><br />

vitro Versuch nach 60.000 Thermowechsellasten zwischen 5 und 55°C. Dabei wurden Befestigungszemente<br />

unterschiedlicher Materialklassen verwendet.<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

32


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 RelyX Unicem<br />

1992<br />

Effect <strong>of</strong> Thermocycl<strong>in</strong>g on Gap Formation <strong>of</strong> Composite Inlays<br />

M. IRIE 1 , B. WINDMUELLER 2 , and K. SUZUKI 1 , 1 Okayama University,<br />

Japan, 2 <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG, Seefeld, Germany<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert<br />

Results: Fuji Plus showed a significant deterioration <strong>of</strong> its marg<strong>in</strong>al quality after only 20,000 cycles. RelyX<br />

Unicem, Nexus 2, Bistite II and L<strong>in</strong>kMax were <strong>the</strong> only materials that did not show any significant change <strong>in</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong>ir marg<strong>in</strong>al quality even after 60,000 cycles <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>rmocycl<strong>in</strong>g.<br />

Ergebnisse: Fuji Plus zeigte e<strong>in</strong>e signifikante Verschlechterung der Randqualität nach bereits 20.000 Zyklen.<br />

RelyX Unicem, Nexus 2, Bistite II und L<strong>in</strong>kMax waren die e<strong>in</strong>zigen Materialien, die auch nach 60.000<br />

Thermowechsellast Zyklen noch ke<strong>in</strong>e signifikante Änderung der Randqualität aufwiesen.<br />

number <strong>of</strong> gaps (140 measure po<strong>in</strong>ts)<br />

70<br />

60<br />

50<br />

40<br />

30<br />

20<br />

10<br />

Gap Formation after Thermocycl<strong>in</strong>g<br />

Basel<strong>in</strong>e 5000 10000 20000 40000 60000<br />

0<br />

RelyX<br />

Unicem<br />

Bistite II /<br />

Primer<br />

(A+B) &<br />

Primer 2<br />

Nexus 2 /<br />

Optibond<br />

Solo Plus<br />

L<strong>in</strong>kMax / Panavia F /<br />

Self-Etch<strong>in</strong>g Ed Primer II<br />

Primer<br />

(A+B)<br />

Calibra /<br />

Dual Cure<br />

SEA<br />

Fuji Plus /<br />

Fuji Plus<br />

Conditioner<br />

Chemiace II<br />

/ Green<br />

Activator<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

33


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 RelyX Unicem<br />

2391<br />

Cytotoxicity <strong>of</strong> Composite Lut<strong>in</strong>g Cements <strong>in</strong> a Dent<strong>in</strong> Barrier Test<br />

G. SCHMALZ 1 , Z. ERGÜCÜ 2 , and K.-A. HILLER 1 , 1 University <strong>of</strong><br />

Regensburg, Germany, 2 Ege Universitesi, Izmir, Turkey<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert<br />

Composite Lut<strong>in</strong>g cements are applied onto <strong>the</strong> cut dent<strong>in</strong> and thus <strong>the</strong> risk for <strong>the</strong> dental pulp has to be<br />

assessed.<br />

Objectives: To evaluate <strong>the</strong> cytotoxicity <strong>of</strong> a new self-adhesive composite Lut<strong>in</strong>g material conta<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g new<br />

monomers <strong>in</strong> comparison with a known material <strong>in</strong> a dent<strong>in</strong> barrier test simulat<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong> vivo situation.<br />

Methods: Three dimensional cultures <strong>of</strong> SV40 transfected pulp derived cells (Schmalz et al., J Dent Res 78:<br />

522, 1999) were transferred <strong>in</strong>to an <strong>in</strong> vitro dent<strong>in</strong> barrier test device with dent<strong>in</strong> slices <strong>of</strong> 200 and 500 µm<br />

thickness. After 24 h <strong>in</strong>cubation at 37°C test materials were applied <strong>in</strong>to <strong>the</strong> cavity part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> device. Ceramic<br />

<strong>in</strong>serts (Cerafil, Brassler) were luted to <strong>the</strong> dent<strong>in</strong> with (1) Variol<strong>in</strong>k II/Excite (Vivadent) or (2) RelyX Unicem<br />

(3m Espe). A light cur<strong>in</strong>g glass ionomer cement (Vitrebond, <strong>3M</strong> Espe) was used as reference material and an A-<br />

silicone impression material (President, Coltene) as negative control (100% cell vitality). The pulpal part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

device was perfused with cell culture medium. After 24 h exposure, cell survival was measured by MTT tests,<br />

and 10 cultures per material were statistically analyzed (Mann-Whitney-test, p=0.05).<br />

Results: With 500 µm dent<strong>in</strong>, cell survival rates for Variol<strong>in</strong>k II/Excite (111%) and RelyX Unicem (94%) were<br />

statistically not different from <strong>the</strong> negative control, but from <strong>the</strong> reference material (75%). With 200 µm dent<strong>in</strong>,<br />

cytotoxicity <strong>of</strong> all test materials significantly <strong>in</strong>creased. Both Lut<strong>in</strong>g cements were significantly less toxic than<br />

<strong>the</strong> reference material (26%). RelyX Unicem (77%) was significantly less toxic than Variol<strong>in</strong>k II/Excite (56%).<br />

Conclusions: With a residual dent<strong>in</strong> barrier <strong>of</strong> 0.5 mm <strong>the</strong> tested composite Lut<strong>in</strong>g cements may not alter<br />

biologically <strong>the</strong> dental pulp on a short term basis. With a very th<strong>in</strong> dent<strong>in</strong> layer, both test materials affected <strong>the</strong><br />

cells with <strong>the</strong> self-adhesive material be<strong>in</strong>g less toxic and pulp protection is still recommended.<br />

Aim <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Study: As <strong>the</strong> lut<strong>in</strong>g cements are <strong>of</strong>ten applied directly onto <strong>the</strong> prepared dent<strong>in</strong>, <strong>the</strong>ir effect on <strong>the</strong><br />

pulp must be known. The dent<strong>in</strong> barrier test that was applied to dent<strong>in</strong> slices <strong>of</strong> 500 and 200 µm thickness is<br />

suitable for <strong>the</strong> cytotoxicity test and was topic <strong>of</strong> this study.<br />

Ziel der Studie: Da Befestigungszemente <strong>of</strong>tmals direkt auf präpariertes Dent<strong>in</strong> aufgetragen wird, muß deren<br />

Wirkung auf die Pulpa bekannt se<strong>in</strong>. Der Dent<strong>in</strong>barrieretest an 500 und 200 µm dünnen Dent<strong>in</strong>scheiben eignet<br />

sich zur Cytotoxizitätsuntersuchung und war Inhalt dieser Arbeit.<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

34


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 RelyX Unicem<br />

2391<br />

Cytotoxicity <strong>of</strong> Composite Lut<strong>in</strong>g Cements <strong>in</strong> a Dent<strong>in</strong> Barrier Test<br />

G. SCHMALZ 1 , Z. ERGÜCÜ 2 , and K.-A. HILLER 1 , 1 University <strong>of</strong> Regensburg,<br />

Germany, 2 Ege Universitesi, Izmir, Turkey<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert<br />

Results: All materials that were tested were assigned a biological compatibility at a residual dent<strong>in</strong> barrier <strong>of</strong><br />

500 µm. With very th<strong>in</strong> dent<strong>in</strong> layers RelyX Unicem behaved significantly less toxic than Variol<strong>in</strong>k II / Excite.<br />

Ergebnisse: Allen getesteten Materialien wurde e<strong>in</strong>e biologische Verträglichkeit bei e<strong>in</strong>er<br />

Dent<strong>in</strong>restschichtstärke von 500 µm zugesprochen. Bei sehr dünnen Dent<strong>in</strong>schichten verhielt sich RelyX<br />

Unicem signifikant weniger toxisch als Variol<strong>in</strong>k II /Excite.<br />

[%]<br />

120<br />

110<br />

100<br />

90<br />

80<br />

70<br />

60<br />

50<br />

40<br />

30<br />

20<br />

10<br />

0<br />

RelyX Unicem Variol<strong>in</strong>k II / Excite Reference Material<br />

Survival Rate Pulp Cells<br />

500 µm<br />

dent<strong>in</strong> barrier thickness<br />

200 µm<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

35


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 RelyX Unicem<br />

2545<br />

Marg<strong>in</strong>al Adaptation <strong>of</strong> Three-unit Alloy FPDs with Different Cements<br />

S. NEUMANN, M. ROSENTRITT, M. BEHR, and G. HANDEL, University<br />

<strong>of</strong> Regensburg, Germany<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert<br />

Objectives: The aim <strong>of</strong> this study was to <strong>in</strong>vestigate <strong>the</strong> marg<strong>in</strong>al adaptation between three-unit alloy fixed<br />

partial dentures (FPDs) and human teeth.<br />

Material and Methods: A total <strong>of</strong> 32 human molar teeth were <strong>in</strong>serted <strong>in</strong> a PMMA res<strong>in</strong> with <strong>the</strong> roots<br />

surrounded by a polye<strong>the</strong>r layer simulat<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> periodontium. The FPDs were fabricated <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Au-alloy (Bio<br />

PontoStar, Bego, G) and veneered with Vita (Vita Omega, G) accord<strong>in</strong>g to <strong>the</strong> manufacturers <strong>in</strong>structions. In<br />

order to directly compare marg<strong>in</strong>al adaptation, cementations were made as well with z<strong>in</strong>c-oxide-phosphate<br />

cement (Harvard, G) as with a self-adhesive res<strong>in</strong> cement (RelyX Unicem. <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>). The approximal marg<strong>in</strong>s<br />

were evaluated after <strong>the</strong>rmal cycl<strong>in</strong>g and mechanical load<strong>in</strong>g (TCML: 6000x5°/55°C, H20, 2m<strong>in</strong>. each cycle,<br />

1.2*106x50N). Marg<strong>in</strong>al adaptation was determ<strong>in</strong>ed us<strong>in</strong>g scann<strong>in</strong>g electron microscopy (Stereoscan 240,<br />

Cambridge Instr., GB) before and after TCML. The criterion "perfect marg<strong>in</strong>" was ranked as a smooth transition<br />

without <strong>in</strong>terruptions <strong>of</strong> cont<strong>in</strong>uity. Microleakage was assessed at <strong>the</strong> cervical marg<strong>in</strong>s by a dye penetration test<br />

after TCML (0.5% fuchs<strong>in</strong>e solution, 16hrs). Statistics: Mann-Whitney-U-test (p ? 0.05).<br />

Results:<br />

Before/after TCML Perfect marg<strong>in</strong> [%] Microleakage [%]<br />

Marg<strong>in</strong>: cement/tooth cement/crown cement/tooth cement/FPD<br />

Harvard 95.9/93.2 95.7/95.4 100.0 0.0<br />

RelyX Unicem 99.0/99.0 99.0/97.0 13.5 6.5<br />

Conclusions: After stress simulation, only a small decrease <strong>of</strong> perfect marg<strong>in</strong> was found for both cementations.<br />

At <strong>the</strong> transition "cement-tooth" for <strong>the</strong> z<strong>in</strong>c-oxide-phosphate a significantly higher penetration could be<br />

determ<strong>in</strong>ed, whereas at <strong>the</strong> transition to <strong>the</strong> FPD both cements showed only small microeakage. The comparable<br />

results <strong>in</strong>dicate that both cements might be used for Lut<strong>in</strong>g alloy-FPDs.<br />

Aim <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Study: A great number <strong>of</strong> studies with <strong>the</strong> new universal self-adhesive lut<strong>in</strong>g res<strong>in</strong> cement RelyX<br />

Unicem deal with <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>dication <strong>of</strong> adhesive cementation <strong>of</strong> full-ceramic restorations. In <strong>the</strong> course <strong>of</strong> this study,<br />

<strong>the</strong> behavior <strong>of</strong> RelyX Unicem at three-unit metal bridges <strong>in</strong> comparison with <strong>the</strong> standard z<strong>in</strong>c phosphate<br />

cement was exam<strong>in</strong>ed.<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

36


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 RelyX Unicem<br />

2545<br />

Marg<strong>in</strong>al Adaptation <strong>of</strong> Three-unit Alloy FPDs with Different Cements<br />

S. NEUMANN, M. ROSENTRITT, M. BEHR, and G. HANDEL, University <strong>of</strong><br />

Regensburg, Germany<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert<br />

Ziel der Studie: E<strong>in</strong>e große Zahl an Untersuchungen mit dem neuen universalen selbst-adhäsiven<br />

Befestigungskunstst<strong>of</strong>f RelyX Unicem beschäftigen sich mit der Indikation der adhäsiven Befestigung von<br />

Vollkeramikarbeiten. In dieser Studie sollte das Verhalten von RelyX Unicem bei dreigliedrigen Metallbrücken<br />

im Vergleich zum Standard Z<strong>in</strong>kphosphatzement untersucht werden.<br />

Results: The results <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> marg<strong>in</strong>al exam<strong>in</strong>ation after mastication simulation confirm <strong>the</strong> cl<strong>in</strong>ical suitability for<br />

metal-based restorations. At <strong>the</strong> transition “cement-tooth” <strong>the</strong> z<strong>in</strong>c phosphate Harvard showed a significantly<br />

higher penetration than RelyX Unicem.<br />

Ergebnisse: Die Ergebnisse der Randuntersuchung nach Kausimulation betätigen für beide Zemente die<br />

kl<strong>in</strong>ische Tauglichkeit für metallgestützte Arbeiten. An der Grenzfläche Zement-Zahn zeigte der<br />

Z<strong>in</strong>kphosphatzement Harvard signifikant höhere Penetration als RelyX Unicem.<br />

100 %<br />

90 %<br />

80 %<br />

70 %<br />

60 %<br />

50 %<br />

40 %<br />

30 %<br />

20 %<br />

10 %<br />

0 %<br />

cement /<br />

tooth before<br />

TCML<br />

Perfect Marg<strong>in</strong><br />

cement /<br />

tooth after<br />

TCML<br />

RelyX Unicem<br />

cement /<br />

crown<br />

before<br />

TCML<br />

<strong>in</strong>terface / stress condition<br />

Harvard<br />

cement /<br />

crown after<br />

TCML<br />

100<br />

90<br />

80<br />

70<br />

60<br />

50<br />

40<br />

[%]<br />

30<br />

20<br />

10<br />

0<br />

cement / tooth<br />

RelyX Unicem<br />

Harvard<br />

Microleakage<br />

cement / Fixed partial<br />

<strong>in</strong>terface denture<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

37


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 RelyX Unicem<br />

2609<br />

In vitro Wear and Bond Strength to Metal after Cyclic Load<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong><br />

Different Lut<strong>in</strong>g Agents<br />

R.R. BRAGA, University <strong>of</strong> São Paulo, Brazil, J.L. FERRACANE, Oregon<br />

Health & <strong>Science</strong> University, Portland, USA, and A. PIWOWARCZYK,<br />

University <strong>of</strong> Frankfurt<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert<br />

Recently, a new self-adhesive, dual-cure res<strong>in</strong> Lut<strong>in</strong>g cement has been <strong>in</strong>troduced(RelyX Unicem, <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>).<br />

Objectives: Our objective was to compare <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong> vitro wear and bond strength after cyclic fatigue <strong>of</strong> RelyX<br />

Unicem to composite(Variol<strong>in</strong>k, Ivoclar), compomer(Pr<strong>in</strong>ciple, Dentsply) and res<strong>in</strong>-modified ionomer(Fuji<br />

CEM, GC) Lut<strong>in</strong>g cements.<br />

Methods: Wear was tested <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> OHSU Oral Wear Simulator. Two halves <strong>of</strong> a bov<strong>in</strong>e <strong>in</strong>cisor were bonded to a<br />

2.5mm wide ceramic slab(Empress II, Ivoclar), simulat<strong>in</strong>g bonded marg<strong>in</strong>s with 250 µm cement spac<strong>in</strong>gs. After<br />

24h age<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> water at 37 o C, specimens were placed <strong>in</strong>to <strong>the</strong> simulator to subject one cement marg<strong>in</strong> to<br />

abrasion(20N) and <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r to attrition forces(80N) for 100K cycles us<strong>in</strong>g a poppy seed/PMMA slurry. Wear<br />

depth was measured us<strong>in</strong>g contact pr<strong>of</strong>ilometry (n=6-10). Bond strength was determ<strong>in</strong>ed by a push-out test. The<br />

cements were used accord<strong>in</strong>g to manufacturer’s directions to bond Ni-Cr truncated cones <strong>in</strong>side Ni-Cr r<strong>in</strong>gs(8 o<br />

taper, 2.7 mm tall, 5.5 mm large diameter). After 24h <strong>in</strong> water at 37 o C, specimens(n=5) were subjected to<br />

cyclic(1.3 Hz) fatigue for 10K or 30K cycles under 90N(2 MPa) <strong>in</strong> water at 37 o C. The specimens were tested to<br />

failure <strong>in</strong> an Instron (x-head=.25mm/m<strong>in</strong>).<br />

Results: Results were analyzed by ANOVA/Tukey’s test(p


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 RelyX Unicem<br />

2609<br />

In vitro Wear and Bond Strength to Metal after Cyclic Load<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong><br />

Different Lut<strong>in</strong>g Agents<br />

R.R. BRAGA, University <strong>of</strong> São Paulo, Brazil, J.L. FERRACANE, Oregon<br />

Health & <strong>Science</strong> University, Portland, USA, and A. PIWOWARCZYK,<br />

University <strong>of</strong> Frankfurt<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert<br />

Aim <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Study: The behavior <strong>of</strong> abrasion and wear <strong>of</strong> cement gaps was topical for this study, as well as <strong>the</strong><br />

retention <strong>of</strong> different lut<strong>in</strong>g materials on a nickel-chromium alloy that was determ<strong>in</strong>ed by means <strong>of</strong> a push-out<br />

test.<br />

Ziel der Studie: Das Abrasions- und Ermüdungsverhalten von Zementfugen war ebenso Gegenstand dieser<br />

Untersuchung wie die Retention verschiedener Befestigungsmaterialien auf e<strong>in</strong>er Nickel-Cromlegierung, die<br />

mittels push-out Test ermittelt wurde.<br />

Results: The res<strong>in</strong>s RelyX Unicem and Variol<strong>in</strong>k showed less abrasion than <strong>the</strong> compomer Pr<strong>in</strong>ciple and <strong>the</strong><br />

res<strong>in</strong>-modified glass ionomer cement Fuji Cem. The push-out test provided adhesion values for all tested<br />

materials <strong>in</strong> about <strong>the</strong> same statistical order <strong>of</strong> magnitude.<br />

Ergebnisse: Die Kunstst<strong>of</strong>fe RelyX Unicem und Variol<strong>in</strong>k zeigten weniger Abrasion als das Compomer<br />

Pr<strong>in</strong>ciple und der kunstst<strong>of</strong>fmodifizierte Glasionomerzement Fuji Cem. Der Push out Test lieferte für alle<br />

getesteten Materialien Haftwerte <strong>in</strong> derselben statistischen Größenordnung.<br />

70<br />

60<br />

Wear (250µm marg<strong>in</strong>)<br />

Wear Abrasion<br />

Wear Attrition<br />

50<br />

[µm]<br />

40<br />

30<br />

20<br />

10<br />

0<br />

6<br />

RelyX Unicem DC RelyX Unicem SC Variol<strong>in</strong>k Pr<strong>in</strong>ciple Fuji Cem<br />

[MPa]<br />

20<br />

18<br />

16<br />

14<br />

12<br />

10<br />

8<br />

6<br />

4<br />

2<br />

0<br />

Adhesion to Ni-Cr<br />

Basel<strong>in</strong>e 10000 30000 cycles<br />

RelyX Unicem DC Variol<strong>in</strong>k Pr<strong>in</strong>ciple Fuji Cem<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

39


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

EPA 2002 RelyX Unicem & RelyX ARC<br />

0122<br />

Adhesive Bond<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> Ti and TiAl 6 Nb 7<br />

L. Enggist, A. Kammermann, J. Fischer<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert UNI FEHLT | weglassen grafiken kle<strong>in</strong>er<br />

Introduction: Subject <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>vestigation was to evaluate <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>fluence <strong>of</strong> surface treatment on bond strength <strong>of</strong><br />

two different adhesives to Ti and TiAI6Nb7.<br />

Materials and Methods: Rods <strong>of</strong> cold-worked Ti and TiAI6Nb7 (width 6mm, length 10 mm) were precision<br />

turned on one face. After pre-treatment <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> surface, <strong>the</strong> faces <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> rods were bonded two by two with an<br />

adhesive res<strong>in</strong> cement (RelyX ARC). Pre-treatments <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> surface were (1) none, (2) silaniz<strong>in</strong>g, (3) sandblast<strong>in</strong>g<br />

with alum<strong>in</strong>a, (4) sand-blast<strong>in</strong>g with alum<strong>in</strong>a and silaniz<strong>in</strong>g, (5) sand-blast<strong>in</strong>g with CoJet and<br />

silaniz<strong>in</strong>g.<br />

In addition a new, self-adhesive cement was applied (RelyX Unicem). In this case only sandblasted surfaces<br />

(alum<strong>in</strong>a and CoJet respectively) were used.<br />

For each comb<strong>in</strong>ation 6 samples were prepared. Ali samples were stored <strong>in</strong> distilled water at 37°C for 24h<br />

directly after sett<strong>in</strong>g and <strong>the</strong>n <strong>the</strong> bond strength was measured by means <strong>of</strong> a shear test. Fracture mode was<br />

assessed by SEM.<br />

Results: Bond strength steadily <strong>in</strong>creased from comb<strong>in</strong>ation (1) to (4). With CoJet no fur<strong>the</strong>r improvement was<br />

obta<strong>in</strong>ed. Bond strength <strong>of</strong> RelyX Unicem on a surface sand-blasted with alum<strong>in</strong>a was slightly but not<br />

significantly higher than that <strong>of</strong> RelyX ARC. CoJet showed only little effect on bond strength <strong>of</strong> RelyX Unicem.<br />

No significant differences were found between Ti and TiAI6Nb7.<br />

Fracture occurred at <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>terface <strong>of</strong> metal and adhesive when turned surfaces were used, even when <strong>the</strong> surface<br />

was silanized. With sand-blasted surfaces fracture occurred <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> adhesive layer.<br />

Conclusions: Both adhesives <strong>in</strong>vestigated showed sufficient bond strength to Ti and TiAI6Nb7, when <strong>the</strong> metal<br />

surface is sandblasted.<br />

Aim <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Study: Shear bond strength study to titanium surfaces with various adhesive materials as well as<br />

different pretreatment methods were <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> focus <strong>of</strong> this study.<br />

Ziel der Studie: Haftuntersuchungen an Titanoberflächen mit verschiedenen adhäsiven Materialien sowie<br />

unterschiedlichen Vorbehandlungsmethoden waren Ziel dieser Untersuchung.<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

40


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

EPA 2002 RelyX Unicem & RelyX ARC<br />

0122<br />

Adhesive Bond<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> Ti and TiAl6Nb7<br />

L. Enggist, A. Kammermann, J. Fischer<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert UNI FEHLT | weglassen grafiken kle<strong>in</strong>er<br />

Results: The comparison <strong>of</strong> various forms <strong>of</strong> surface condition<strong>in</strong>g showed that sandblast<strong>in</strong>g and silanisation<br />

yielded <strong>the</strong> most advantageous result. ARC and RelyX Unicem both showed high values <strong>of</strong> adhesion to <strong>the</strong><br />

titanium surfaces that were tested.<br />

Ergebnisse: Der Vergleich verschiedener Oberflächenkonditionierungen zeigte, dass Sandstrahlen und<br />

Silanisieren die günstigsten Ergebnisse lieferte. RelyX ARC und RelyX Unicem zeigten beide hohe Haftwerte<br />

an den getesteten Titanoberflächen.<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

41


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

AADR 2003 RelyX Unicem & RelyX ARC<br />

1283<br />

Cement Expansion <strong>in</strong> Sal<strong>in</strong>e<br />

J.W. SILMON, LSU School <strong>of</strong> Dentistry, New Orleans, LA, USA, and J.O.<br />

BURGESS, LSUHSC School <strong>of</strong> Dentistry, New Orleans, LA, USA<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert<br />

A new dual cured res<strong>in</strong> cement (Unicem, <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>) has been <strong>in</strong>troduced which bonds to sandblasted metal and<br />

tooth structure without an etch<strong>in</strong>g or bond<strong>in</strong>g step. This simplified adhesive cement may improve crown<br />

retention, however some adhesive cements have expanded when placed <strong>in</strong>to water.<br />

Objectives: This study measured and compared l<strong>in</strong>ear expansion <strong>of</strong> 5 cements stored <strong>in</strong> phosphate buffered<br />

sal<strong>in</strong>e for 4 time periods.<br />

Methods: Five cements were mixed follow<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> manufactures directions and placed <strong>in</strong>to a split Teflon mold.<br />

The light cured cements were cured with a Spectrum cur<strong>in</strong>g light (550 mW/cm2 output) for 60 sec, removed<br />

from <strong>the</strong> mold, <strong>the</strong> length measured and stored <strong>in</strong> an <strong>in</strong>cubator <strong>in</strong> phosphate buffered sal<strong>in</strong>e for <strong>the</strong> time <strong>in</strong>tervals<br />

listed below and re-measured. The differences <strong>in</strong> length were expressed as % change <strong>in</strong> length. The data were<br />

analyzed with 2 factor ANOVA and Tukey B post-hoc test.<br />

Results:<br />

CEMENT 24 hrs 1 Week 1 Month 2 Month 3 Months<br />

Pr<strong>in</strong>ciple .00 .05 .15 .22 .31<br />

RelyX ARC -.09 .01 .17 .18 .18<br />

Fuji Plus .33 .61 .71 .81 .89<br />

Fuji Cem .18 .36 .42 .48 .51<br />

Unicem .2 .3 .35 .38 .4<br />

The res<strong>in</strong> modified glass ionomer Fuji Plus had <strong>the</strong> greatest expansion (p=.01), Unicem was significantly lower<br />

and equal to Pr<strong>in</strong>ciple and Fuji Plus. RelyX ARC had significantly less expansion compared to all o<strong>the</strong>r<br />

materials (p


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

AADR 2003 RelyX Unicem & RelyX ARC<br />

1283<br />

Cement Expansion <strong>in</strong> Sal<strong>in</strong>e<br />

J.W. SILMON, LSU School <strong>of</strong> Dentistry, New Orleans, LA, USA, and J.O.<br />

BURGESS, LSUHSC School <strong>of</strong> Dentistry, New Orleans, LA, USA<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert<br />

Results: The composite lut<strong>in</strong>g material RelyX ARC showed a significantly lower expansion than <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r<br />

materials that were tested. RelyX Unicem obta<strong>in</strong>ed lower values than <strong>the</strong> res<strong>in</strong>-modified materials and was on<br />

<strong>the</strong> same level as <strong>the</strong> Pr<strong>in</strong>ciple compomer material.<br />

Ergebnisse: Das Composite Befestigungsmaterial RelyX ARC zeigte signifikant niedrigere Expansion als die<br />

anderen getesteten Zemente. RelyX Unicem erzielte niedrigere Werte als die kunstst<strong>of</strong>fmodifizierten<br />

Materialien und lag mit dem Compomer Pr<strong>in</strong>ciple auf e<strong>in</strong>em Niveau.<br />

[% change <strong>in</strong> length]<br />

1<br />

0,8<br />

0,6<br />

0,4<br />

0,2<br />

Expansion <strong>in</strong> Sal<strong>in</strong>e<br />

24hrs 1 week 1 month 2 months 3 months<br />

0<br />

RelyX ARC RelyX Unicem Fuji Plus Fuji Cem Pr<strong>in</strong>ciple<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

43


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

AADR 2003 RelyX Unicem & RelyX ARC & Lava<br />

1650<br />

Res<strong>in</strong> Bond to Lava Zirconia Intaglio Surface<br />

K. KOEHLER 1 , A. SADAN 1 , J.O. BURGESS 2 , and M.B. BLATZ 1 ,<br />

1 Louisiana State University Health <strong>Science</strong>s Center School <strong>of</strong> Dentistry, New<br />

Orleans, USA, 2 LSUHSC School <strong>of</strong> Dentistry, New Orleans, LA, USA<br />

Cement Expansion <strong>in</strong> Sal<strong>in</strong>e<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert<br />

Cl<strong>in</strong>ical recommendations for res<strong>in</strong> bond<strong>in</strong>g to CAD/CAM-fabricated high-strength ceramic cop<strong>in</strong>gs (e.g., Lava<br />

zirconia, <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>) widely depend on <strong>in</strong>-vitro studies that use ground and polished ceramic specimens.<br />

However, commercial products create a unique <strong>in</strong>taglio surface. In order to evaluate bond strength to a<br />

commercial product, one should use specimens with same <strong>in</strong>taglio surface <strong>the</strong> product has.<br />

Objectives: Shear bond strengths <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> bond<strong>in</strong>g systems RelyX Unicem (UNI, <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>), Panavia F (PAN,<br />

Kuraray), RelyX ARC (ARC, <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>), RelyX Lut<strong>in</strong>g (LUT, <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>) were measured and compared to<br />

Lava zirconia <strong>in</strong>taglio surface. Bond strength to ground and polished Lava zirconia was <strong>the</strong> control.<br />

Methods: 80 square samples (10x10x2 mm) were fabricated <strong>of</strong> Lava zirconia and randomly divided <strong>in</strong> two<br />

groups with different surfaces: (I) <strong>the</strong> system-specific <strong>in</strong>taglio surface and (II) a ground and polished surface.<br />

After ultrasonic clean<strong>in</strong>g, composite-res<strong>in</strong> cyl<strong>in</strong>ders were bonded to <strong>the</strong> zirconia specimens with <strong>the</strong> above<br />

cements. Shear bond strengths were tested with an Instron after 72 h storage <strong>in</strong> distilled water. The data were<br />

analyzed us<strong>in</strong>g ANOVA and Duncan’s multiple comparison (a=0.05).<br />

Results: For group I, mean bond strength values were: UNI 10.95 ± 4.28 MPa (a), PAN 12.20 ± 2.62 MPa (a),<br />

ARC 9.45 ± 1.89 MPa (a), LUT 5.75 ± 1.53 MPa (b). Mean values for group II: UNI 18.03 ± 5.05 MPa (c),<br />

PAN 14.18 ± 1.24 MPa (c), ARC 13.95 ± 5.81 MPa (c), LUT 11.88 ± 2.57 (d). Same letters <strong>in</strong> paren<strong>the</strong>ses<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicate no statistically significant difference.<br />

Conclusions: Surface configuration had a significant <strong>in</strong>fluence on <strong>the</strong> bond strength to Lava zirconia: bond<br />

strength to <strong>the</strong> Lava <strong>in</strong>taglio surface was significantly lower than to <strong>the</strong> polished surface. UNI, PAN, and ARC<br />

were not different from each o<strong>the</strong>r but significantly higher than LUT, regardless <strong>of</strong> surface configuration.<br />

Supported by <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>.<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

44


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

AADR 2003 RelyX Unicem & RelyX ARC & Lava<br />

1650<br />

Res<strong>in</strong> Bond to Lava Zirconia Intaglio Surface<br />

K. KOEHLER 1 , A. SADAN 1 , J.O. BURGESS 2 , and M.B. BLATZ 1 ,<br />

1 Louisiana State University Health <strong>Science</strong>s Center School <strong>of</strong> Dentistry, New<br />

Orleans, USA, 2 LSUHSC School <strong>of</strong> Dentistry, New Orleans, LA, USA<br />

Cement Expansion <strong>in</strong> Sal<strong>in</strong>e<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert<br />

Aim <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Study: The bond strength <strong>of</strong> different cements to Lava ceramics aga<strong>in</strong>st <strong>the</strong>ir surface pretreatment<br />

was <strong>the</strong> subject <strong>of</strong> this study.<br />

Ziel der Studie: Die Haftfestigkeit verschiedener Zemente an die Keramik Lava <strong>in</strong> Abhängigkeit derer<br />

Oberflächenvorbehandlung war Gegenstand dieser Untersuchung.<br />

Results: The adhesive composite cements and RelyX Unicem showed significantly better adhesion than <strong>the</strong><br />

res<strong>in</strong>-modified glass ionomer cement. By a process <strong>of</strong> gr<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>g, <strong>the</strong> adhesion <strong>of</strong> all groups could be fur<strong>the</strong>r<br />

<strong>in</strong>creased.<br />

Ergebnisse: Die adhäsiven Composite Zemente und RelyX Unicem zeigten signifikant bessere Haftung als der<br />

kunstst<strong>of</strong>fmodifizierte Glasionomerzement. Durch Aufrauung konnte die Haftung aller Gruppen weiter erhöht<br />

werden.<br />

25<br />

<strong>in</strong>taglio surface<br />

ground and polished surface<br />

20<br />

Shear Bond Strength<br />

[MPa]<br />

15<br />

10<br />

5<br />

0<br />

RelyX Unicem Panavia F RelyX ARC RelyX Lut<strong>in</strong>g<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

45


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

CED 2002 RelyX Unicem & Lava<br />

0122<br />

Marg<strong>in</strong>al adaptation <strong>of</strong> CAD-CAM ZrO2 ceramic with different cements<br />

M. ROSENTRITT*, M. BEHR, R. LANG, G.GRÖGER, G. HANDEL<br />

(Department <strong>of</strong> Pros<strong>the</strong>tic Dentistry, University <strong>of</strong> Regensburg, Germany)<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert DIE UNTERPUNKTE OBJEKTIVES ETC FEHLEN ?? ist ok so<br />

The aim <strong>of</strong> this study was to <strong>in</strong>vestigate <strong>the</strong> marg<strong>in</strong>al adaptation between CAD-CAM ZrO2 all-ceramic fixed<br />

partial dentures (FPDs) and human teeth us<strong>in</strong>g different cements. 32 three-unit FPDs were fabricated <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

CAM-CAM ZrO2 all-ceramic Lava/Lava Ceram (<strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>, G) and fixed on human molars us<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> res<strong>in</strong><br />

composites Variol<strong>in</strong>k II/Syntac Classic (Ivoclar-Vivadent, FL), Panavia F/ED (Kuraray, J), Compolute/EBS<br />

Multi and a novel self-adhesive universal res<strong>in</strong> cement RelyX Unicem (both <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>). Before and after<br />

<strong>the</strong>rmal cycl<strong>in</strong>g and mechanical load<strong>in</strong>g (TCML: 6000x5° /55°C, H20, 2m<strong>in</strong>. each cycle, 1.2*106x50N) <strong>the</strong><br />

marg<strong>in</strong>al adaptation was determ<strong>in</strong>ed us<strong>in</strong>g scann<strong>in</strong>g electron microscopy on res<strong>in</strong> replica. Microleakage was<br />

assessed at <strong>the</strong> cervical marg<strong>in</strong>s by a dye penetration test after TCML (0.5% fuchs<strong>in</strong>e sol., 16hrs).<br />

Statistics: Mann-Whitney-U-test (p ≤ 0.05).<br />

Before/after TCML Marg<strong>in</strong>: Variol<strong>in</strong>k 2 Panavia F Compolute RelyX Unicem<br />

Perfect marg<strong>in</strong> [%] cement/tooth 90.0/85.0 99.5/99.0 99.0/99.0 99.5/99.5<br />

cement/crown 92.0/85.5 99.0/99.0 100.0/98.5 98.5/98.0<br />

Microleakage [%] cement/tooth 76.5 0.0 3.0 0.0<br />

cement/crown 100.0 3.5 2.5 0.0<br />

After stress simulation, all cements showed comparable good marg<strong>in</strong>al adaptation to <strong>the</strong> CAD CAM ceramic<br />

Lava, only for Variol<strong>in</strong>k II significantly lower parts <strong>of</strong> perfect marg<strong>in</strong> and higher micro-leakage were found. For<br />

RelyX Unicem without bond<strong>in</strong>g no differences were found <strong>in</strong> comparison to Compolute or Panavia F. Panavia<br />

F, Compolute and RelyX Unicem showed no limitation for <strong>the</strong> cementation <strong>of</strong> CAD-CAM ZrO2 FPDs.<br />

Aim <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Study: This study exam<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>the</strong> marg<strong>in</strong>al adaptation and marg<strong>in</strong>al seal <strong>of</strong> fixed ceramic bridges that<br />

were cemented us<strong>in</strong>g different cements and subsequently were exposed to mechanical as well as <strong>the</strong>rmical load<br />

<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> mastication simulator.<br />

Ziel der Studie: Diese Studie untersuchte die Randqualität und Randdichtigkeit von hochfesten<br />

Keramikbrücken, die mit verschiedenen Zementen befestigt wurden und anschließend im Kausimulator sowohl<br />

mechanischem wie <strong>the</strong>rmischem Stress ausgesetzt waren.<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

46


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

CED 2002 RelyX Unicem & Lava<br />

0122<br />

Marg<strong>in</strong>al adaptation <strong>of</strong> CAD-CAM ZrO2 ceramic with different cements<br />

M. ROSENTRITT*, M. BEHR, R. LANG, G.GRÖGER, G. HANDEL<br />

(Department <strong>of</strong> Pros<strong>the</strong>tic Dentistry, University <strong>of</strong> Regensburg, Germany)<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert DIE UNTERPUNKTE OBJEKTIVES ETC FEHLEN ?? ist ok so<br />

Results: RelyX Unicem showed <strong>the</strong> same excellent results after <strong>the</strong> stress test as did Panavia F / Ed Primer and<br />

Compolute / EBS Multi.<br />

Ergebnisse: RelyX Unicem zeigte nach dem Stresstest dieselben exzellenten Ergebnisse wie Panavia F/Ed<br />

Primer und Compolute/EBS Multi.<br />

100<br />

90<br />

80<br />

70<br />

100<br />

90<br />

80<br />

70<br />

Microleakage<br />

(cement / tooth)<br />

60<br />

60<br />

[%]<br />

50<br />

40<br />

Perfect Marg<strong>in</strong><br />

[%]<br />

50<br />

40<br />

30<br />

30<br />

20<br />

20<br />

10<br />

10<br />

0<br />

Variol<strong>in</strong>k II<br />

/ Syntac<br />

Classic<br />

Panavia F /<br />

Ed Primer<br />

Compolute<br />

/ EBS Multi<br />

RelyX<br />

Unicem<br />

0<br />

Variol<strong>in</strong>k II /<br />

Syntac<br />

Classic<br />

Panavia F /<br />

Ed Primer<br />

Compolute<br />

/ EBS Multi<br />

RelyX<br />

Unicem<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

47


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

ADM 2002 RelyX Unicem & Lava<br />

0578<br />

Bond Strength <strong>of</strong> a Self-adhesive Universal Res<strong>in</strong> Cement to Lava<br />

Zirconia after Two Surface Treatments<br />

D. BULOT 1 , A. SADAN 1 , J.O. BURGESS 2 , and M.B. BLATZ 1 , 1 Louisiana<br />

State University Health <strong>Science</strong>s Center School <strong>of</strong> Dentistry, New Orleans,<br />

USA, 2 LSUHSC School <strong>of</strong> Dentistry, New Orleans, LA, USA<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert<br />

Surface treatment and cement selection are crucial for a strong res<strong>in</strong> bond to CAD/CAM-fabricated zirconiumoxide<br />

ceramic restorations (e.g., Lava, <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>). Current bond<strong>in</strong>g systems require multiple adhesive steps and<br />

may be technique sensitive, unpredictable, and time consum<strong>in</strong>g. The use <strong>of</strong> a self-adhesive res<strong>in</strong> cement might<br />

elim<strong>in</strong>ate <strong>the</strong>se disadvantages.<br />

Objectives: This study measured shear bond strength <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> self-adhesive universal res<strong>in</strong> cement RelyX Unicem<br />

(<strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>, group I) to Lava zirconia compared to three common cement systems (Panavia F, Kuraray (group<br />

II); RelyX ARC, <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> (III); RelyX Lut<strong>in</strong>g, <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> (IV)). The ceramic surface was ei<strong>the</strong>r subject to airparticle<br />

abrasion or Rocatec S<strong>of</strong>t (<strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>) tribochemical surface treatment.<br />

Methods: Lava zirconium-oxide ceramic samples were fabricated with <strong>the</strong> specific <strong>in</strong>taglio surface. 40<br />

specimens were subject to air-particle abrasion (60 µm alum<strong>in</strong>um oxide) and 40 specimens were subject to<br />

Rocatec S<strong>of</strong>t tribochemical surface treatment. Composite-res<strong>in</strong> cyl<strong>in</strong>ders (2.9 mm dia.) were bonded to <strong>the</strong><br />

ceramic samples with <strong>the</strong> above cements. After 72-h water storage, shear bond strengths were tested with an<br />

Instron model 4411. The data were analyzed with ANOVA and Duncan’s multiple comparison (a=0.05).<br />

Results: Mean values [MPa] after sandblast<strong>in</strong>g were: Group I 21.13 ± 2.76 (a), Group II 22.15 ± 6.78 (a),<br />

Group III 20.25 ± 3.08 (a), Group IV 3.62 ± 0.74 (b). Mean values after Rocatec treatment were: I 25.01 ± 4.49<br />

(c), II 25.38 ± 4.07 (c), III 23.82 ± 3.34 (c), IV 5.98 ± 1.3 (d). Different letters <strong>in</strong> paren<strong>the</strong>ses <strong>in</strong>dicate<br />

statistically significant difference.<br />

Conclusions: The self-adhesive res<strong>in</strong> cement RelyX Unicem revealed bond strengths comparable to or better<br />

than <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r bond<strong>in</strong>g systems under <strong>in</strong>vestigation. Bond strength with RelyX Lut<strong>in</strong>g was significantly lower<br />

than with <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r cements. Surface treatment with <strong>the</strong> Rocatec system significantly improved bond strength<br />

for all bond<strong>in</strong>g systems. Supported by <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>.<br />

Aim <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Study: This study evaluated <strong>the</strong> shear-bond strength (MPa) <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> self-adhesive universal res<strong>in</strong><br />

cement RelyX Unicem to Lava zirconia compared to three common cement systems after pre-treatment <strong>of</strong> air<br />

particle abrasion or tribochemical surface treatment with <strong>the</strong> Rocatec system. Shear-bond strengths were<br />

measured after 72-h water storage.<br />

Ziel der Studie: Untersucht wurde der Haftverbund zwischen dem selbstadhäsiven Zement RelyX Unicem und<br />

Lava Zirkonoxid im Vergleich zu drei gebräuchlichen Zementsystemen nach Vorbehandlung durch<br />

Sandstrahlen oder tribochemische Oberflächenbehandlung mit dem Rocatec-System. Die Haftfestigkeiten<br />

wurden nach 72 Std. Wassere<strong>in</strong>lagerung gemessen.<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

48


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

ADM 2002 RelyX Unicem & Lava<br />

0578<br />

Bond Strength <strong>of</strong> a Self-adhesive Universal Res<strong>in</strong> Cement to Lava<br />

Zirconia after Two Surface Treatments<br />

D. BULOT 1 , A. SADAN 1 , J.O. BURGESS 2 , and M.B. BLATZ 1 , 1 Louisiana<br />

State University Health <strong>Science</strong>s Center School <strong>of</strong> Dentistry, New Orleans,<br />

USA, 2 LSUHSC School <strong>of</strong> Dentistry, New Orleans, LA, USA<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert<br />

Results: The self-adhesive res<strong>in</strong> cement RelyX Unicem revealed bond strengths comparable to or better than<br />

<strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r bond<strong>in</strong>g systems. Surface treatment with <strong>the</strong> Rocatec-System significantly improved bond strength for<br />

all bond<strong>in</strong>g systems.<br />

Ergebnisse: Der selbstadhäsive Zement RelyX Unicem zeigte Haftfestigkeiten, die vergleichbar oder besser als<br />

andere Verbundsysteme s<strong>in</strong>d. E<strong>in</strong>e Oberflächenbehandlung mit dem Rocatec-System verbesserte deutlich die<br />

Haftfestigkeit für alle Verbundsysteme.<br />

35<br />

35<br />

30<br />

25<br />

21,13<br />

22,15<br />

20,25<br />

30<br />

25<br />

25,01<br />

25,38<br />

23,82<br />

MPa<br />

20<br />

15<br />

10<br />

5<br />

Shear Bond Strength<br />

[MPa] - Pretreatment<br />

<strong>of</strong> Lava Zirconia:<br />

Air Particle Abrasion<br />

3,62<br />

20<br />

15<br />

10<br />

5<br />

Shear Bond Strength<br />

[MPa] - Pretreatment<br />

<strong>of</strong> Lava Zirconia:<br />

Tribochemical Surface<br />

Treatment with<br />

Rocatec System<br />

5,98<br />

0<br />

0<br />

Group I<br />

RelyX Unicem<br />

Group II<br />

Panavia F<br />

Group III<br />

RelyX ARC<br />

Group IV<br />

RelyX Lut<strong>in</strong>g<br />

Group I<br />

RelyX Unicem<br />

Group II<br />

Panavia F<br />

Group III<br />

RelyX ARC<br />

[MPa]<br />

Group IV<br />

RelyX Lut<strong>in</strong>g<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

49


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 RelyX Unicem & Lava<br />

0060<br />

Long-term Shear-bond Strength <strong>of</strong> Lut<strong>in</strong>g Cements to Zirconia Ceramic<br />

A. PIWOWARCZYK, K. LINDEMANN, P. OTTL, and H.-C. LAUER,<br />

University <strong>of</strong> Frankfurt, Germany<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert<br />

Objectives: This study evaluated <strong>the</strong> long-term shear-bond strength <strong>of</strong> cements to zirconia ceramic (Lava, <strong>3M</strong><br />

<strong>ESPE</strong>) after two pre-treatment procedures.<br />

Methods: One half <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> zirconia samples were air-abraded with 100-mircometer alum<strong>in</strong>a at 2.8bar, 10s at<br />

10mm distance (pre-treatment I); <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r half was tribochemically silica-coated with <strong>the</strong> Rocatec-System (<strong>3M</strong><br />

<strong>ESPE</strong>) (pre-treatment II). Materials tested: 1a) PermaCem self-cured (SC) (DMG), 1b) PermaCem light-cured<br />

(LC), 2a) RelyX ARC SC (<strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>), 2b) RelyX ARC LC, 3a) Panavia F SC (Kuraray), 3b) Panavia F LC, 4a)<br />

Variol<strong>in</strong>k II SC (IvoclarVivadent), 4b) Variol<strong>in</strong>k II LC, 5a) Nexus2 SC (Kerr), 5b) Nexus2 LC, 6a) Calibra SC<br />

(DentsplyDeTrey), 6b) Calibra LC, 7a) RelyX Unicem SC (<strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>), and 7b) RelyX Unicem LC. Eight<br />

specimens per group were fabricated: Group (A) was aged and tested after 150d 37°C water storage; Group (B)<br />

150d at 37°C water storage, <strong>the</strong>n <strong>the</strong>rmocycled (37.500X, 5-55°C). One-way ANOVA <strong>of</strong> variance was used to<br />

analyze <strong>the</strong> data (p


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 RelyX Unicem & Lava<br />

0060<br />

Long-term Shear-bond Strength <strong>of</strong> Lut<strong>in</strong>g Cements to Zirconia Ceramic<br />

A. PIWOWARCZYK, K. LINDEMANN, P. OTTL, and H.-C. LAUER,<br />

University <strong>of</strong> Frankfurt, Germany<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert DOPPELT<br />

Ergebnisse: Sandgestrahltes Lava Zirkonoxid zeigte mit den besten Haftverbund unabhängig von der<br />

künstlichen Alterung zu RelyX Unicem lichtgehärtet und RelyX Unicem dunkelgehärtet. Dies bestätigte sich<br />

auch bei e<strong>in</strong>er Vorbehandlung mit dem Rocatec-System. Wobei im Fall der Vorbehandlung mit dem Rocatec-<br />

System die absoluten Werte höher s<strong>in</strong>d im Vergleich zu den sandgestrahlten Proben.<br />

18<br />

16<br />

14<br />

[MPa]<br />

Lava / Rocatec Shear<br />

Bond Strength<br />

150d<br />

150d/TC<br />

12<br />

10<br />

8<br />

6<br />

4<br />

2<br />

0<br />

PermaCem RelyX ARC Panavia Variol<strong>in</strong>k II Nexus 2 Calibra RelyX<br />

Unicem<br />

14<br />

12<br />

10<br />

[MPa]<br />

Lava / Al 2 0 3 Shear<br />

Bond Strength<br />

150d<br />

150d/TC<br />

8<br />

6<br />

4<br />

2<br />

0<br />

PermaCem RelyX ARC Panavia Variol<strong>in</strong>k II Nexus 2 Calibra RelyX<br />

Unicem<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

51


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 Lava<br />

0723<br />

Investigation <strong>of</strong> Connector Cross-sections for 4-unit Zirconia Oxide<br />

Bridges<br />

H. HAUPTMANN, and B. REUSCH, <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG, Seefeld, Germany<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert<br />

Objectives: To achieve high aes<strong>the</strong>tic results and to create enough space for s<strong>of</strong>t tissue management connectors<br />

should be kept as small as possible. Mechanical properties <strong>of</strong> frame ceramics could limit <strong>the</strong> m<strong>in</strong>imal value <strong>of</strong><br />

cross sections due to <strong>the</strong> fact that bite forces up to 1000 N <strong>in</strong> cases <strong>of</strong> bruxism have been described <strong>in</strong> literature.<br />

The outstand<strong>in</strong>g mechanical properties <strong>of</strong> zirconia oxide like Lava TM frame (<strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>) <strong>of</strong>fers new opportunities<br />

for high loaded and highly aes<strong>the</strong>tically designed posterior bridges. The aim <strong>of</strong> this study was to determ<strong>in</strong>e <strong>the</strong><br />

bend<strong>in</strong>g strength <strong>of</strong> different connector cross sections <strong>in</strong> a standardized posterior 4 unit bridge situation.<br />

Methods: The experimental set-up follows <strong>the</strong> suggestions described by P. Pospiech et al [JDentRes 79IADR<br />

Abstracts 2000/1014]. Series with 10 samples <strong>of</strong> a 4 unit bridge (2 units between 2 abutments) were cemented<br />

on flexible embedded sta<strong>in</strong>less steel stumps. The dimension <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> 3 connectors per bridge was altered between<br />

9mm² and 13mm², and <strong>the</strong> shape was varied. An analytical evaluation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Weibull parameters with <strong>the</strong><br />

maximum likelihood method was used.<br />

Results: Table list<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> Weibull strength s and Weibull modulus m for circularly shaped connectors.<br />

Serial Connector Dim. [mm²] s [N] Weibull modulus m<br />

L1 13/13/13 1801 10.8<br />

L2 11/11/11 1558 9.1<br />

L3 9/12/9 1554 9.2<br />

L4 9/11/9 1311 7.7<br />

L5 9/9/9 912 10.9<br />

Conclusions: A connector cross section <strong>of</strong> 16mm² <strong>in</strong> m<strong>in</strong>imum was recommended by some glass ceramic<br />

manufacturers for a posterior 3 unit bridge. Zirconia overcomes <strong>the</strong>se limit<strong>in</strong>g factors both mechanically and<br />

aes<strong>the</strong>tically; 4 unit bridges are now possible. The results shown allow us to predict <strong>the</strong> life time <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> frame<br />

and give us <strong>the</strong> database for cl<strong>in</strong>ical studies.<br />

Aim <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Study: Connector cross sections <strong>of</strong> bridges should be as small as possible due to aes<strong>the</strong>tic and<br />

functional reasons, this <strong>of</strong>ten be<strong>in</strong>g very limited by <strong>the</strong> mechanical properties <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> materials used. Some glass<br />

ceramics demand a connector cross section <strong>of</strong> 16 mm². The aim <strong>of</strong> this study was to obta<strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>formation about<br />

<strong>the</strong> skills <strong>of</strong> different connector cross sections via a bridge real geometry for Lava zirconia oxide bridges.<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

52


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 Lava<br />

0723<br />

Investigation <strong>of</strong> Connector Cross-sections for 4-unit Zirconia Oxide<br />

Bridges<br />

H. HAUPTMANN, and B. REUSCH, <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG, Seefeld, Germany<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert<br />

Ziel der Studie: Verb<strong>in</strong>derquerschnitte bei Brücken sollen aus äs<strong>the</strong>tischen und funktionalen Gründen so ger<strong>in</strong>g<br />

wie möglich se<strong>in</strong>, was aber durch die mechanischen Eigenschaften der verwendeten Materialien <strong>of</strong>t sehr stark<br />

begrenzt wird. Bei e<strong>in</strong>igen Glaskeramiken wird z.B. e<strong>in</strong> Verb<strong>in</strong>derquerschnitt von 16 mm² gefordert. Ziel dieser<br />

Studie war es, mit Hilfe e<strong>in</strong>er Brückenrealgeometrie für Lava Zirkonoxid Brücken Aufschluss über die<br />

Fertigkeiten unterschiedlicher Verb<strong>in</strong>derquerschnitte zu bekommen.<br />

Results: Based on <strong>the</strong> results for 4-unit bridges <strong>of</strong> Lava zirconia oxide a connector cross section <strong>of</strong> 9/12/9 mm²<br />

is recommended concern<strong>in</strong>g aes<strong>the</strong>tic as well as functional demands.<br />

Ergebnisse: Auf Basis der Untersuchungsergebnisse für viergliedrige Brücken aus Lava Zirkonoxid wird e<strong>in</strong><br />

Verb<strong>in</strong>derquerschnitt mit 9/12/9 mm² sowohl aus äs<strong>the</strong>tischer als auch funktionaler Sicht empfohlen<br />

2000<br />

1800<br />

1600<br />

1801<br />

1558 1554<br />

Weibull Strength Dependent<br />

on Connector Cross-Sections<br />

Weibull Strength - s[N]<br />

1400<br />

1200<br />

1000<br />

800<br />

600<br />

400<br />

200<br />

0<br />

1311<br />

Weibull modulus m = 10,8<br />

Weibull modulus m = 9,1<br />

Weibull modulus m = 9,2<br />

Weibull modulus m = 7,7<br />

L1 (13/13/13) L2 (11/11/11) L3 (9/12/9) L4 (9/11/9) L5 (9/9/9)<br />

Dim. Connector [mm²]<br />

912<br />

Weibull modulus m = 10,9<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

53


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 Lava<br />

0726<br />

Fracture Force <strong>of</strong> ZrO 2 Cop<strong>in</strong>gs Dependent on Preparation and Thickness<br />

S. REICH, University <strong>of</strong> Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany, B. REUSCH,<br />

<strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG, Seefeld, Germany, and U. LOHBAUER, University <strong>of</strong><br />

Erlangen, Germany<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert<br />

Objectives: The aim <strong>of</strong> this <strong>in</strong>vestigation was to evaluate <strong>the</strong> fracture force <strong>of</strong> s<strong>in</strong>gle tooth cop<strong>in</strong>gs, s<strong>in</strong>ce <strong>the</strong><br />

thickness was varied between 0.5 mm to 0.3 mm and a tangential vs. a chamfer preparation design was<br />

compared.<br />

Methods: Four groups <strong>of</strong> 10 cop<strong>in</strong>gs each made <strong>of</strong> Y-ZrO 2 were produced with <strong>the</strong> Lava CAD/CAM system<br />

on respective standardized dies made <strong>of</strong> brass:<br />

Group N preparation<br />

type<br />

thickness <strong>of</strong><br />

cop<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> mm<br />

Group N preparation type thickness <strong>of</strong><br />

cop<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> mm<br />

CH05 10 chamfer 0.5 TAN05 10 tangential 0.5<br />

CH03 10 chamfer 0.3 TAN03 10 tangential 0.3<br />

The cop<strong>in</strong>gs were fixed on <strong>the</strong> dies with Ketac Cem and stored for 24 hours <strong>in</strong> water <strong>of</strong> 37°C. The fracture<br />

strength was tested <strong>in</strong> a universal test<strong>in</strong>g device (Z2.5,Zwick,Ulm) with a crosshead speed <strong>of</strong> 0.5 mm/m<strong>in</strong>.<br />

The data were statistically compared by One-way ANOVA and <strong>the</strong> Student-Newman-Keuls post hoc rout<strong>in</strong>e<br />

at p = .05.<br />

Results:<br />

group mean fracture force [N] SD M<strong>in</strong>imum [N] Maximum [N]<br />

CH05 697° 126 383 794<br />

CH03 455 79 363 649<br />

TAN05 1110 175 827 1443<br />

TAN03 730° 160 448 1006<br />

values with <strong>the</strong> same superscript letters do not differ significantly at p = .05.<br />

Conclusions: Tangential preparation po<strong>in</strong>ted out significantly highest fracture forces for 0.5 as well as for 0.3<br />

mm thickness <strong>of</strong> cop<strong>in</strong>gs. Induced shear forces at <strong>the</strong> marg<strong>in</strong>al areas <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> chamfer preparation dur<strong>in</strong>g axial<br />

load<strong>in</strong>g might be an explanation for <strong>the</strong> lower values for CH05 and CH03 <strong>in</strong> comparison to TAN05 and TAN03.<br />

Granted by <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

54


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 Lava<br />

0726<br />

Fracture Force <strong>of</strong> ZrO2 Cop<strong>in</strong>gs Dependent on Preparation and<br />

Thickness<br />

S. REICH, University <strong>of</strong> Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany, B. REUSCH,<br />

<strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG, Seefeld, Germany, and U. LOHBAUER, University <strong>of</strong><br />

Erlangen, Germany<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert<br />

Aim <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Study: This study evaluated <strong>the</strong> fracture force <strong>of</strong> s<strong>in</strong>gle tooth cop<strong>in</strong>gs with a various thickness and a<br />

tangential vs. a chamfer preparation.<br />

Ziel der Studie: Untersucht wurde die Bruchfestigkeit von E<strong>in</strong>zelkronen verschiedener Käppchenstärke mit<br />

tangentialer oder Hohlkehlenpräparation.<br />

Results: The highest values <strong>of</strong> fracture resistance for 0.5 as well as for 0.3 mm thickness were reached by<br />

tangential preparations.<br />

Ergebnisse: Die höchsten Bruchfestigkeiten für Lava Kronen-Käppchen wurden für tangentiale Präparationen<br />

sowohl mit 0.5 als auch 0.3 mm Dicke erreicht.<br />

Fracture Force Dependent on Preparation and Thickness<br />

1400<br />

1200<br />

1000<br />

[N]<br />

800<br />

600<br />

400<br />

200<br />

697<br />

455<br />

1110<br />

730<br />

0<br />

mean fracture force [N] mean fracture force [N] mean fracture force [N] mean fracture force [N]<br />

chamfer 0.5 mm chamfer 0.3 mm tangential 0.5 mm tangential 0.3mm<br />

group<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

55


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 Lava<br />

0817<br />

Cl<strong>in</strong>ical Evaluation <strong>of</strong> Zirconia-based All-ceramic Posterior Bridges: Twoyear<br />

Results<br />

P.R. POSPIECH 1 , P.R. ROUNTREE 2 , and F.P. NOTHDURFT 1 , 1 Saarland<br />

University/Homburg, Homburg/Saar, Germany, 2 Ludwig-Maximilians-<br />

University, Munich, Germany<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert BILDUNTERSCHRIFT<br />

With modern CAD/CAM-Systems high-strength Zirconia ceramics can be used for <strong>the</strong> fabrication <strong>of</strong> allceramic<br />

crowns and bridges. Conventionally fixed bridges <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> replacement <strong>of</strong> molars are now<br />

recommended by <strong>the</strong> manufacturer. Previous own <strong>in</strong>-vitro experiments on three- and four-unit posterior bridges<br />

revealed high enough strength results that a cl<strong>in</strong>ical study could be ventured.<br />

Objectives: The purpose <strong>of</strong> this prospective study was to observe <strong>the</strong> cl<strong>in</strong>ical performance <strong>of</strong> posterior bridges<br />

for <strong>the</strong> replacement <strong>of</strong> molars.<br />

Material and Methods: S<strong>in</strong>ce October 2000 a total <strong>of</strong> 38 bridges were placed <strong>in</strong> 36 patients: All abutments<br />

were prepared for full crowns. A chamfer <strong>of</strong> 1.2 mm depth was prepared <strong>in</strong> all cases. Impressions were made<br />

with <strong>the</strong> polye<strong>the</strong>r materials Impregum Penta/Permadyne. The wall-thicknesses <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> zirconia-core were<br />

constant 0.6 mm, <strong>the</strong> connector area was designed with a cross-sectional plane <strong>of</strong> 9 mm2. The bridges were<br />

cemented conventionally with <strong>the</strong> glass-ionomer cement Ketac Cem. Recalls were made after 2 weeks, 6, 12<br />

and 24 months. Judgments were made on <strong>the</strong> fit <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> bridges on <strong>the</strong> abutments, discoloration <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> marg<strong>in</strong>al<br />

g<strong>in</strong>giva, <strong>the</strong> quality <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> surface, failures and allergenic reactions.<br />

Results: All bridges were only <strong>in</strong>serted with a perfect marg<strong>in</strong>al fit. In three cases <strong>the</strong> Zirconia frames had to be<br />

milled two times. The mean observation-period was 16.8 months (<strong>in</strong> October 2002). No total failures were<br />

observed, <strong>in</strong> one case a small chipp<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> veneer<strong>in</strong>g material happened. No allergenic reactions and negative<br />

<strong>in</strong>fluences on <strong>the</strong> marg<strong>in</strong>al g<strong>in</strong>giva could be observed.<br />

Conclusions: After two years <strong>of</strong> cl<strong>in</strong>ical service one can conclude a good performance <strong>of</strong> Zirconia based<br />

posterior bridges although <strong>the</strong> time <strong>of</strong> cl<strong>in</strong>ical service is not long enough for general recommendations. This<br />

study was supported by <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>, Seefeld, Germany.<br />

Aim <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Study: This study evaluated <strong>the</strong> cl<strong>in</strong>ical performance <strong>of</strong> posterior bridges, produced with Lava.<br />

The mean observation time was 16.8 months.<br />

Ziel der Studie: Untersucht wurde das kl<strong>in</strong>ische Verhalten von Seitenzahnbrücken, hergestellt mit Lava. Die<br />

durchschnittliche Beobachtungsdauer betrug 16.8 Monate.<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

56


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 Lava<br />

0817<br />

Cl<strong>in</strong>ical Evaluation <strong>of</strong> Zirconia-based All-ceramic Posterior Bridges: Twoyear<br />

Results<br />

P.R. POSPIECH 1 , P.R. ROUNTREE 2 , and F.P. NOTHDURFT 1 , 1 Saarland<br />

University/Homburg, Homburg/Saar, Germany, 2 Ludwig-Maximilians-<br />

University, Munich, Germany<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert BILDUNTERSCHRIFT<br />

Results: No total failures, no allergenic reactions nor negative <strong>in</strong>fluences on <strong>the</strong> marg<strong>in</strong>al g<strong>in</strong>giva could be<br />

observed. A very good performance <strong>of</strong> Lava posterior bridges can be concluded after two years.<br />

Ergebnisse: Es wurden ke<strong>in</strong>e Totalausfälle, ke<strong>in</strong>e allergischen Reaktionen und negativen E<strong>in</strong>flüsse auf den<br />

Zahnfleischrand beobachtet. Nach zweijähriger Studie kann auf e<strong>in</strong>e sehr gute Funktion von Lava-<br />

Seitenzahnbrücken geschlossen werden.<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

57


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 Lava<br />

1355<br />

Cl<strong>in</strong>ical Connector Dimensions <strong>of</strong> CAD/CAM-produced All-ceramic FPDs<br />

S. REICH, University <strong>of</strong> Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert<br />

Objectives: The aim <strong>of</strong> this <strong>in</strong>vestigation was to evaluate <strong>the</strong> cl<strong>in</strong>ical practicability <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> connector dimensions<br />

<strong>of</strong> two mach<strong>in</strong>able ceramic framework materials for three unit FPDs up to a maximum total length <strong>of</strong> 30 mm.<br />

Methods: 20 patients, who showed <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>dications <strong>of</strong> a three unit FPD were divided <strong>in</strong>to two groups by chance.<br />

For group [A] InCeram Zirconia frameworks [ZIR] were milled with <strong>the</strong> Cerec Inlab system and for group<br />

[B] Y-ZrO 2 [ZRO] frameworks were manufactured with <strong>the</strong> Lava system. Before lam<strong>in</strong>at<strong>in</strong>g, <strong>the</strong> mesial and<br />

distal connector dimensions, <strong>the</strong> mesial and distal maximum vertical dimension <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> connectors and <strong>the</strong><br />

distance between mesial and distal abutment were measured and compared with <strong>the</strong> respective manufacturers<br />

recommendations. The data <strong>of</strong> [ZIR] and [ZRO] were statistically compared with <strong>the</strong> CHI square test whe<strong>the</strong>r<br />

<strong>the</strong> recommended connector dimensions could be kept or not.<br />

Results: In <strong>the</strong> [ZRO] group <strong>the</strong> dimensions <strong>of</strong> 19 out <strong>of</strong> 20 connectors (10 frameworks, 2 connectors each)<br />

were with<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> recommended dimensions. One connector (8.8 mm²) was below its recommendation <strong>of</strong> 9 mm².<br />

In <strong>the</strong> [ZIR] group it was not possible to keep <strong>the</strong> recommended connector dimensions due to limited <strong>in</strong>traoral<br />

dimensions <strong>in</strong> 16 cases.<br />

group N recommended dimension kept recommended dimension not kept<br />

[A] 20 4 16<br />

[B] 20 19 1<br />

Accord<strong>in</strong>g to <strong>the</strong> CHI square test <strong>the</strong> data between [A] and [B] differ significantly at p = .05.<br />

Conclusions: The recommended connector dimensions for [ZIR] are still based on <strong>the</strong> Zirconia slip cast<br />

technology and might not consider <strong>the</strong> improved material properties <strong>of</strong> standardized manufactured mach<strong>in</strong>able<br />

[ZIR] material. Accord<strong>in</strong>g to <strong>the</strong> results <strong>of</strong> this <strong>in</strong>vestigation [ZRO] promises a wider range <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>dications. With<br />

respect to <strong>the</strong>se facts pure ZrO2 mach<strong>in</strong>ables have been developed for <strong>the</strong> Cerec InLab meanwhile.<br />

Granted by <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG, Vita Zahnfabrik, Sirona Dental Systems<br />

Aim <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Study: This study evaluated <strong>the</strong> cl<strong>in</strong>ical practicability <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> connector dimensions <strong>of</strong> InCeram<br />

Zirconia frameworks (Cerec Inlab) and Y-ZrO 2 -frameworks (Lava) for 3 unit bridges up to 30 mm length.<br />

Ziel der Studie: Untersucht wurde die kl<strong>in</strong>ische Anwendbarkeit der Größe der Konnektoren für dreigliedrige<br />

Brücken mit e<strong>in</strong>er Länge bis zu 30 mm bei InCeram Zirkon-Gerüsten (Cerec Inlab) und Y-ZrO 2 -Gerüsten<br />

(Lava)<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

58


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 Lava<br />

1355<br />

Cl<strong>in</strong>ical Connector Dimensions <strong>of</strong> CAD/CAM-produced All-ceramic FPDs<br />

S. REICH, University <strong>of</strong> Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert<br />

Results: In <strong>the</strong> Y-ZrO 2 (Lava) group 19 out <strong>of</strong> 20 connectors kept <strong>the</strong> recommended connector dimensions<br />

whereas only 4 kept it <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> InCeram Zirconia (Cerec Inlab)-group. Therefore Y-ZrO 2 (Lava) promises a<br />

wider range <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>dications from a functional as well as an aes<strong>the</strong>tical view.<br />

Ergebnisse: In der Gruppe von Y-ZrO2 (Lava) hielten 19 von 20 Konnektoren die empfohlenen<br />

Konnektorabmessungen e<strong>in</strong>, woh<strong>in</strong>gegen es <strong>in</strong> der InCeram Zirkon (Cerec Inlab)-Gruppe nur vier von 20<br />

Konnektoren waren. Daher verspricht Y-ZrO2 (Lava) e<strong>in</strong> weiteres Indikationsspektrum sowohl unter<br />

funktioneller wie auch äs<strong>the</strong>tischer Sicht.<br />

20<br />

InCeram (Cerec Inlab)<br />

Y-ZrO2 (Lava)<br />

18<br />

16<br />

Cl<strong>in</strong>ical Connector Dimensions<br />

Number <strong>of</strong> connectors<br />

14<br />

12<br />

10<br />

8<br />

6<br />

4<br />

2<br />

0<br />

dimension kept<br />

dimension not kept<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

59


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 Lava<br />

1455<br />

Mill<strong>in</strong>g Time vs. Marg<strong>in</strong>al Fit <strong>of</strong> CAD/CAM-manufactured Zirconia<br />

Restorations<br />

G. HERTLEIN, M. KRAEMER, T. SPRENGART, and K. WATZEK, <strong>3M</strong><br />

<strong>ESPE</strong> AG, Seefeld, Germany<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert<br />

Objectives: Faster manufactur<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> all-ceramic restorations is <strong>the</strong> key factor for <strong>the</strong> economic performance <strong>of</strong><br />

a CAD/CAM system. On <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r hand cl<strong>in</strong>ical relevant parameters which are determ<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> quality <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

f<strong>in</strong>al restoration should not be <strong>in</strong>fluenced by <strong>the</strong> mill<strong>in</strong>g time. The aim <strong>of</strong> this study was to determ<strong>in</strong>e whe<strong>the</strong>r<br />

<strong>the</strong> marg<strong>in</strong>al fit <strong>of</strong> CAD/CAM manufactured zirconia bridges is deteriorat<strong>in</strong>g if <strong>the</strong> mill<strong>in</strong>g time is decreased.<br />

This reduction was achieved by optimiz<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> mill<strong>in</strong>g strategies and <strong>the</strong> process<strong>in</strong>g parameters.<br />

Methods: The LAVA (<strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG) Zirconia bridge frameworks were processed with <strong>the</strong> LAVA System.<br />

After manufactur<strong>in</strong>g each framework cop<strong>in</strong>g was cemented on <strong>the</strong> scanned dies and subsequently embedded<br />

<strong>in</strong>to acrylic. Specimens were sectioned faciol<strong>in</strong>gually and mesiodistally. A stereomicroscope and a special<br />

analyz<strong>in</strong>g-s<strong>of</strong>tware (analysis, S<strong>of</strong>t Image<strong>in</strong>g -System GmbH) were used for <strong>the</strong> determ<strong>in</strong>ation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> marig<strong>in</strong>al<br />

open<strong>in</strong>g (MO) and <strong>the</strong> absolute marg<strong>in</strong>al open<strong>in</strong>g (AMO) <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cross- sections (acc. to Homes et al.,<br />

J.Prosth.Dent. 1989;62:405-408). Five samples (two anterior and three posterior 3 unit- frameworks) were<br />

milled <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> standard process (75 m<strong>in</strong>) and <strong>the</strong> optimized process (56 m<strong>in</strong>). Six data po<strong>in</strong>t per sample were<br />

equally spaced around <strong>the</strong> marg<strong>in</strong>s (n=30).<br />

Results: For <strong>the</strong> two mill<strong>in</strong>g times (75 and 56 m<strong>in</strong> respectively) we found <strong>the</strong> follow<strong>in</strong>g means for <strong>the</strong> MO- and<br />

AMO-values <strong>in</strong> µm: MO: 25±12; 25±10; AMO: 61±25; 59±21. These values are comparable to <strong>the</strong> data <strong>of</strong><br />

CAD/CAM manufactured In-Ceram zirconia bridges from Vita (T<strong>in</strong>schert et al., Oper Dent 2001;26(4):367-<br />

374). No difference between <strong>the</strong> standard and <strong>the</strong> faster mill<strong>in</strong>g process was observed with<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> MO and AMOgroups<br />

by us<strong>in</strong>g additional statistical analysis (One-way ANOVA; p=0,05).<br />

Conclusions: A reduction <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> mill<strong>in</strong>g time for 3-unit zirconia bridge frameworks by 25 % results <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> same<br />

precision <strong>of</strong> fit (AMO: 59 ± 21 µm) like <strong>the</strong> standard mill<strong>in</strong>g process.<br />

Aim <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Study: This study evaluated <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>fluence <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> mill<strong>in</strong>g time and <strong>the</strong> correspond<strong>in</strong>g mill<strong>in</strong>g process<br />

optimization steps respectively on <strong>the</strong> marg<strong>in</strong>al fit <strong>of</strong> Lava Zirconia oxide bridges. The bridges were produced<br />

with <strong>the</strong> Lava CAD/CAM System. The time could be reduced by optimiz<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> mill<strong>in</strong>g strategies and <strong>the</strong><br />

process<strong>in</strong>g parameters.<br />

Ziel der Studie: Untersucht wurde der E<strong>in</strong>fluss der zur Optimizierung der Fräszeit geänderten Prozeßschritte<br />

auf die Passgenauigkeit von Lava Zirkonoxidbrücken. Die Brücken wurden mit dem Lava CAD/CAM System<br />

hergestellt. Die Zeit konnte durch Optimierung der Frässtrategien und der Prozessparameter verr<strong>in</strong>gert werden.<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

60


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 Lava<br />

1455<br />

Mill<strong>in</strong>g Time vs. Marg<strong>in</strong>al Fit <strong>of</strong> CAD/CAM-manufactured Zirconia<br />

Restorations<br />

G. HERTLEIN, M. KRAEMER, T. SPRENGART, and K. WATZEK, <strong>3M</strong><br />

<strong>ESPE</strong> AG, Seefeld, Germany<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert<br />

Results: No difference between <strong>the</strong> standard and <strong>the</strong> faster mill<strong>in</strong>g process was observed concern<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong><br />

marg<strong>in</strong>al fit with<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> MO and AMO-groups. The Lava-System Lava system makes it possible to reduce <strong>the</strong><br />

mill<strong>in</strong>g times for 3-unit bridges by 25 % while ensur<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> same quality.<br />

Ergebnisse: Es konnte ke<strong>in</strong> Unterschied bezüglich der Passgenauigkeit zwischen dem Standardfräsprozess und<br />

dem schnelleren Fräsprozess <strong>in</strong>nerhalb der MO und AMO-Gruppen beobachtet werden. Damit wird es möglich,<br />

die Fräszeiten mit gleich hohem Qualitätsanspruch um bis zu 25% für dreigliedrige Brücken mit dem Lava-<br />

System zu reduzieren.<br />

µm<br />

100<br />

75 m<strong>in</strong> 56 m<strong>in</strong><br />

90<br />

80<br />

Marg<strong>in</strong>al Fit depend<strong>in</strong>g on Mill<strong>in</strong>g Time<br />

61<br />

59<br />

70<br />

60<br />

50<br />

40<br />

30<br />

20<br />

10<br />

25<br />

25<br />

0<br />

marg<strong>in</strong>al open<strong>in</strong>g µm absolute marg<strong>in</strong>al open<strong>in</strong>g µm<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

61


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 S<strong>in</strong>fony<br />

2014<br />

Fracture Resistance <strong>of</strong> Four-unit Composite Bridges with and without<br />

Fibre Re<strong>in</strong>forcement<br />

K. SCHULZ, L. BORCHERS, and M. STIESCH-SCHOLZ, Mediz<strong>in</strong>ische<br />

Hochschule Hannover, Germany<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert Y ABGESCHNITTEN IM OBEREN BALKEN<br />

Objectives: The aim <strong>of</strong> this <strong>in</strong>-vitro study was to <strong>in</strong>vestigate <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>fluence <strong>of</strong> fibre-re<strong>in</strong>forcement on fracture<br />

resistance <strong>of</strong> four-unit composite bridges.<br />

Methods: In <strong>the</strong> plastic model <strong>of</strong> an upper jaw <strong>the</strong> teeth 24 and 27 underwent a chamfer type preparation and<br />

were duplicated us<strong>in</strong>g polyurethane-based res<strong>in</strong>. The roots <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> duplicated teeth were covered with an artificial<br />

silicone periodontium and embedded <strong>in</strong> polyurethane, thus creat<strong>in</strong>g a base for <strong>the</strong> construction and test<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong><br />

four-unit bridges. Ten bridges each were fabricated <strong>of</strong> three composites [S<strong>in</strong>fony – SIN (<strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>), Vita Zeta –<br />

VIT (Vita Zahnfabrik), Targis – TAR (Ivoclar-Vivadent)] without re<strong>in</strong>forcement (control) and ten bridges each<br />

were produced with fibre-re<strong>in</strong>forcement [everStick - EVS (Stick Tech)]. Additionally, VIT was re<strong>in</strong>forced with<br />

Stick (STI; Stick Tech, F<strong>in</strong>) and Targis was re<strong>in</strong>forced with Vectris (VEC; Ivoclar-Vivadent). After<br />

<strong>the</strong>rmocycl<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> water (10000 cycles, 5°C/55°C), all bridges were fixed to <strong>the</strong> polyurethane base with<br />

temporary z<strong>in</strong>c oxide eugenol cement and loaded until failure <strong>in</strong> a universal test<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>strument (type 20 K, UTS)<br />

at a crosshead speed <strong>of</strong> 1 mm / m<strong>in</strong>. Data were analyzed us<strong>in</strong>g ANOVA and post-hoc Tamhane-T2 tests (p <<br />

0.05).<br />

Results: Means and standard deviations <strong>of</strong> loads at failure (F) are listed <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> table. Superscript letters <strong>in</strong>dicate<br />

homogenous subsets without statistically significant differences (uppercase: columns, lowercase: rows). Fibrere<strong>in</strong>forced<br />

bridges showed an <strong>in</strong>crease <strong>of</strong> load at failure by at least a factor <strong>of</strong> two as compared with <strong>the</strong> control<br />

group.<br />

Control<br />

F [N]<br />

EVS<br />

F [N]<br />

SIN 306.72 ± 41.33 A 1136.50 ± 165.25<br />

STI<br />

F [N]<br />

VIT 177.50 ± 42.15 878.24 ± 157.23 B, a 800.76 ± 273.13 a<br />

VEC<br />

F [N]<br />

TAR 276.42 ± 83.37 A 615.36 ± 331.47 B - 1191.42 ± 189.51<br />

Conclusions: Fibre-re<strong>in</strong>forcement significantly improves fracture resistance <strong>of</strong> four-unit composite bridges (p <<br />

0.05).<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

62


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 S<strong>in</strong>fony<br />

2014<br />

Fracture Resistance <strong>of</strong> Four-unit Composite Bridges with and without<br />

Fibre Re<strong>in</strong>forcement<br />

K. SCHULZ, L. BORCHERS, and M. STIESCH-SCHOLZ, Mediz<strong>in</strong>ische<br />

Hochschule Hannover, Germany<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert Y ABGESCHNITTEN IM OBEREN BALKEN<br />

Aim <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Study: This study evaluated <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>fluence <strong>of</strong> fibre re<strong>in</strong>forcement on <strong>the</strong> fracture resistance <strong>of</strong> fourunit<br />

composite bridges<br />

Ziel der Studie: Untersucht wurde der E<strong>in</strong>fluss von Faserverstärkung auf die Bruchfestigkeit von viergliedrigen<br />

Composite-Brücken.<br />

Results: Fibre re<strong>in</strong>forcement significantly improves fracture resistance <strong>of</strong> four-unit composite bridges.<br />

Ergebnisse: Faserverstärkung erhöht entschieden die Bruchfestigkeit von viergliedrigen Composite-Brücken.<br />

1400<br />

S<strong>in</strong>fony Vita Zeta Targis<br />

1200<br />

1000<br />

800<br />

N<br />

600<br />

Load at failure<br />

400<br />

200<br />

0<br />

without<br />

re<strong>in</strong>forcement<br />

fibre-re<strong>in</strong>forcement<br />

(everStick)<br />

re<strong>in</strong>forcement<br />

(Stick)<br />

re<strong>in</strong>forcement<br />

(Vectris)<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

63


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 S<strong>in</strong>fony<br />

2180<br />

Influence <strong>of</strong> Surface Roughness on Bacterial Adhesion to Dental Fac<strong>in</strong>g<br />

Composites<br />

T. REGNET, G. GRÖGER, M. ROSENTRITT, M. BEHR, and G. HANDEL,<br />

University <strong>of</strong> Regensburg, Germany<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert<br />

Objectives: This study <strong>in</strong>vestigated <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>fluence <strong>of</strong> surface roughness on <strong>the</strong> adhesion <strong>of</strong> streptococcus mutans<br />

to res<strong>in</strong> fac<strong>in</strong>g composites.<br />

Methods: 3 samples (diameter 10mm, thickn. 2mm) <strong>of</strong> each material: belleGlass (bG) (Girrbach, G), Conquest<br />

Sculpture (CS) (Jeneric & Pentron, USA), Dialog (Dia) and Dialog occlusal (Diaoc) (Schütz Dental, G), Signum<br />

(Sig) (Heraeus Kulzer, G), Solidex (Sol) (Sh<strong>of</strong>u Dental, G), S<strong>in</strong>fony (S<strong>in</strong>) (<strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>, G) and Targis (Tar)<br />

(Ivoclar-Vivadent, FL) were made accord<strong>in</strong>g to <strong>the</strong> manufacturer’s <strong>in</strong>structions and f<strong>in</strong>ished us<strong>in</strong>g wet abrasive<br />

paper with a grit <strong>of</strong> 1000, 2000 or 4000, respectively. Enamel-surfaces (En) <strong>of</strong> human molars were used as<br />

controls. The arithmetic roughness (Ra) was determ<strong>in</strong>ed with a Perthometer S6P (Mahr-Fe<strong>in</strong>prüf, G). The<br />

specimen were <strong>in</strong>cubated at 37°C with S. mutans ATCC25175 (DSMZ, G) for 4 hours. The proportional areas<br />

covered by adher<strong>in</strong>g bacteria were quantitatively measured with a scann<strong>in</strong>g electron microscope (Stereoscan<br />

240, Cambridge Instr., G) and images were analyzed with Optimas 6.2 (Media Cybernetics, USA). Medians and<br />

25%-75% percentiles were calculated. Statistics: Mann-Whitney-U-test (p


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 S<strong>in</strong>fony<br />

2180<br />

Influence <strong>of</strong> Surface Roughness on Bacterial Adhesion to Dental Fac<strong>in</strong>g<br />

Composites<br />

T. REGNET, G. GRÖGER, M. ROSENTRITT, M. BEHR, and G. HANDEL,<br />

University <strong>of</strong> Regensburg, Germany<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert<br />

Aim <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Study: This study evaluated <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>fluence <strong>of</strong> surface roughness on <strong>the</strong> adhesion <strong>of</strong> streptococcus<br />

mutans to <strong>the</strong> composites BelleGlass (Girrbach), Conquest Sculpture (Jeneric & Pentron), Dialog (Schütz<br />

Dental), Dialog occlusal (Schütz Dental), Signum (Heraeus Kulzer), Solidex (Sh<strong>of</strong>u Dental), S<strong>in</strong>fony (<strong>3M</strong><br />

<strong>ESPE</strong>) and Targis (Ivoclar-Vivadent)<br />

Ziel der Studie: Untersucht wurde der E<strong>in</strong>fluss der Oberflächenrauigkett auf die Haftung von Streptokokkus<br />

mutans an den Compositen BelleGlass (Girrbach), Conquest Sculpture (Jeneric & Pentron), Dialog (Schütz<br />

Dental), Dialog occlusal (Schütz Dental), Signum (Heraeus Kulzer), Solidex (Sh<strong>of</strong>u Dental), S<strong>in</strong>fony (<strong>3M</strong><br />

<strong>ESPE</strong>) and Targis (Ivoclar-Vivadent)<br />

Results: After 2000 and 4000 grit polish<strong>in</strong>g S<strong>in</strong>fony shows <strong>the</strong> lowest level <strong>of</strong> bacterial adhesion. The reduction<br />

<strong>of</strong> bacterial adhesion between a grit <strong>of</strong> 1000 and 2000 was significant.<br />

Ergebnisse: Nach Polieren mit 2000er und 4000er Schleifpapier zeigte S<strong>in</strong>fony die ger<strong>in</strong>gsten bakteriellen<br />

Haftwerte. Die Verr<strong>in</strong>gerung der Bakterienhaftung zwischen der Politur mit 1000er und mit 2000er<br />

Schleifpapier war signifikant.<br />

covered area (%)<br />

35,00<br />

30,00<br />

25,00<br />

20,00<br />

15,00<br />

10,00<br />

5,00<br />

Bacterial Covered Areas<br />

Depend<strong>in</strong>g on Surface<br />

Roughness<br />

1000 grit 2000 grit 4000 grit<br />

0,00<br />

material<br />

belleGlass Conquest<br />

Sculpture<br />

Dialog<br />

Dialog<br />

occlusal<br />

Signum Solidex S<strong>in</strong>fony Targis Enamel<br />

(control)<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

65


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 S<strong>in</strong>fony<br />

3025<br />

Effects <strong>of</strong> Accelerated Age<strong>in</strong>g and Thermocycl<strong>in</strong>g on <strong>the</strong> Flexural Strength<br />

<strong>of</strong> Indirect Res<strong>in</strong> Composites<br />

D. NATHANSON, and M. GHULMAN, Boston University, MA, USA<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert<br />

Objectives: To evaluate <strong>in</strong>-vitro <strong>the</strong> effect <strong>of</strong> age<strong>in</strong>g and <strong>the</strong>rmocycl<strong>in</strong>g on <strong>the</strong> flexural strength <strong>of</strong> new <strong>in</strong>direct<br />

res<strong>in</strong> composites.<br />

Methods: Four <strong>in</strong>direct res<strong>in</strong>s: Gradia (GC), Sculpture (Pentron), S<strong>in</strong>fony (<strong>3M</strong>-<strong>ESPE</strong>), Tescera (BISCO), and<br />

one direct res<strong>in</strong> composite Z-100 (<strong>3M</strong>-<strong>ESPE</strong>) as a control were tested. Res<strong>in</strong> bars (2 x 2 x 25mm) were prepared<br />

(n=10 per group) and stored <strong>in</strong> distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours, <strong>the</strong>n aged for 1, 3, or 8 weeks at 60°C , or<br />

<strong>the</strong>rmocycled for 500, 1000 or 2000 cycles at 5°-55°C. Non-<strong>the</strong>rmocycled and non-aged samples were used as<br />

control. A three-po<strong>in</strong>t bend test was conducted <strong>in</strong> an Instron test<strong>in</strong>g mach<strong>in</strong>e. One-way ANOVA statistics<br />

followed by Tukey tests were performed.<br />

Results: FS data (MPa) is shown <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> table bellow:<br />

Accelerated Age<strong>in</strong>g , FS<br />

Thermocycl<strong>in</strong>g, FS<br />

material Basel<strong>in</strong>e 1 week 3 week 8 week 500 cycles 1000 cycles 2000 cycles<br />

Gradia 106.23 89.84 78.66 74.37 87.12 84.84 83.56<br />

Sculpture 109.66 105.96 103.53 93.03 108.22 106.05 100.18<br />

S<strong>in</strong>fony 95.78 94.09 90.13 88.13 98.33 94.47 94.93<br />

Tescera 105.26 102.84 101.92 86.74 101.6 94.91 88.33<br />

Z-100 154.61 113.77 110.45 101.94 115.62 113.12 90.91<br />

Conclusions: The 8 week accelerated age<strong>in</strong>g and 2000 <strong>the</strong>rmocycles significantly decreased <strong>the</strong> flexural<br />

strength <strong>of</strong> all res<strong>in</strong> composites tested except S<strong>in</strong>fony. The <strong>in</strong>direct res<strong>in</strong>s showed less decrease <strong>in</strong> FS than <strong>the</strong><br />

direct res<strong>in</strong>, <strong>in</strong>dicat<strong>in</strong>g better resistance to age<strong>in</strong>g , although FS values for <strong>the</strong> direct res<strong>in</strong> were relatively high.<br />

Aim <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Study: This study evaluated <strong>the</strong> effect <strong>of</strong> accelerated age<strong>in</strong>g and <strong>the</strong>rmocycl<strong>in</strong>g on <strong>the</strong> flexural<br />

strength <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>direct res<strong>in</strong> composites Gradia (GC), Sculpture (Pentron), S<strong>in</strong>fony (<strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>), Tescera (Bisco)<br />

and one direct res<strong>in</strong> composite Z100 (<strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>) as control.<br />

Ziel der Studie: Untersucht wurde der E<strong>in</strong>fluss künstlicher Alterung und Thermocycl<strong>in</strong>g auf die Biegefestigkeit<br />

der <strong>in</strong>direkten Composite Gradia (GC), Sculpture (Pentron), S<strong>in</strong>fony (<strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>), Tescera (Bisco) and e<strong>in</strong><br />

direktes Composite Z100 (<strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>) als Kontrolle.<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

66


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 S<strong>in</strong>fony<br />

3025<br />

Effects <strong>of</strong> Accelerated Age<strong>in</strong>g and Thermocycl<strong>in</strong>g on <strong>the</strong> Flexural Strength<br />

<strong>of</strong> Indirect Res<strong>in</strong> Composites<br />

D. NATHANSON, and M. GHULMAN, Boston University, MA, USA<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert<br />

Results: Only S<strong>in</strong>fony does not show any significant decrease <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> flexural strength over <strong>the</strong> 8 weeks<br />

accelerated age<strong>in</strong>g and 2000 <strong>the</strong>rmocycles<br />

Ergebnisse: Nur S<strong>in</strong>fony zeigt ke<strong>in</strong>e bedeutende Abnahme der Biegefestigkeit über den Zeitraum der<br />

achtwöchigen künstlichen Alterung und den 2000 Thermozyklen.<br />

MPa<br />

180<br />

160<br />

140<br />

120<br />

100<br />

80<br />

60<br />

40<br />

20<br />

0<br />

Accelerated Age<strong>in</strong>g (60°C)<br />

Basel<strong>in</strong>e 1 week 3 week 8 week<br />

Gradia Sculpture S<strong>in</strong>fony Tescera Z-100<br />

Material<br />

MPa<br />

180<br />

160<br />

140<br />

120<br />

100<br />

80<br />

60<br />

40<br />

20<br />

0<br />

Basel<strong>in</strong>e 500 cycles 1000 cycles 2000 cycles<br />

Thermocycl<strong>in</strong>g (5° - 50°C)<br />

Gradia Sculpture S<strong>in</strong>fony Tescera Z-101<br />

Material<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

67


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 S<strong>in</strong>fony<br />

3026<br />

Effect <strong>of</strong> Accelerated Age<strong>in</strong>g on Color Stability <strong>of</strong> Indirect Res<strong>in</strong><br />

Composites<br />

M. GHULMAN, and D. NATHANSON, Boston University, MA, USA<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert<br />

Objectives: To evaluate <strong>the</strong> effect <strong>of</strong> accelerated age<strong>in</strong>g on color stability <strong>of</strong> new <strong>in</strong>direct res<strong>in</strong> composites.<br />

Materials and Methods: Four <strong>in</strong>direct res<strong>in</strong> composites: Gradia (GC), Sculpture (Pentron), S<strong>in</strong>fony (<strong>3M</strong>-<br />

<strong>ESPE</strong>), Tescera (Bisco), and one direct res<strong>in</strong> composite Z-100 (<strong>3M</strong>-<strong>ESPE</strong>) as a control, were tested. Res<strong>in</strong> disks<br />

15 <strong>in</strong> diameter and 2mm <strong>in</strong> thickness were prepared (n=10 per group) <strong>the</strong>n aged <strong>in</strong> distilled water at 60oC for 1,<br />

3, 8, 12 or 18 weeks. A non-aged group was used as basel<strong>in</strong>e. Changes <strong>in</strong> color vs. age<strong>in</strong>g time were recorded<br />

and ANOVA statistics followed by Tukey tests were performed.<br />

Results: Are shown <strong>in</strong> calculated mean ? E* per observation period:<br />

?E* (SD)<br />

material 1 week 3 week 8 week 12 week 18 week<br />

Gradia 1.79 (0.49) 2.03 (0.49) 2.12 (0.58) 3.19 (1.21) 3.86 (1.44)<br />

Sculpture 0.66 (0.27) 1.14 (0.34) 1.48 (0.51) 2.37 (0.72) 2.89 (0.72)<br />

S<strong>in</strong>fony 1.2 (0.15) 1.38 (0.21) 1.42 (0.17) 1.45 (0.30) 1.55 (0.26)<br />

Tescera 0.28 (0.21) 2.93 (0.42) 3.26 (0.46) 3.4 (0.48) 3.8 (0.45)<br />

Z-100 (Control) 1.53 (0.12) 2.23 (0.54) 4.17 (1.38) 7.01 (1.98) 7.17 (1.93)<br />

Conclusions: Accelerated age<strong>in</strong>g caused a significant color change <strong>in</strong> all res<strong>in</strong> composites tested. All <strong>in</strong>direct<br />

res<strong>in</strong>s had ? E* less than 4 over <strong>the</strong> entire test period. The direct res<strong>in</strong> had a ? E* = 4.17 at 8 weeks, and reached<br />

? E* = 7.17 at 18 weeks. S<strong>in</strong>fony exhibits a significantly lower color change over <strong>the</strong> entire period <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> study.<br />

There was no significant color change for any material between <strong>the</strong> 12 and 18 weeks observations.<br />

Aim <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Study: This study evaluated <strong>the</strong> effect <strong>of</strong> accelerated age<strong>in</strong>g on color stability <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>direct res<strong>in</strong><br />

composites Gradia (GC), Sculpture (Pentron), S<strong>in</strong>fony (<strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>), Tescera (Bisco) and one direct res<strong>in</strong><br />

composite Z100 (<strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>) as control.<br />

Ziel der Studie: Untersucht wurde der E<strong>in</strong>fluss künstlicher Alterung auf die Farbstabilität der <strong>in</strong>direkten<br />

Composite Gradia (GC), Sculpture (Pentron), S<strong>in</strong>fony (<strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>), Tescera (Bisco) and e<strong>in</strong> direktes Composite<br />

Z100 (<strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>) als Kontrolle.<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

68


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 S<strong>in</strong>fony<br />

3026<br />

Effect <strong>of</strong> Accelerated Age<strong>in</strong>g on Color Stability <strong>of</strong> Indirect Res<strong>in</strong><br />

Composites<br />

M. GHULMAN, and D. NATHANSON, Boston University, MA, USA<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert<br />

Results: S<strong>in</strong>fony exhibits a significantly lower color change over <strong>the</strong> entire period <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> study.<br />

Ergebnisse: S<strong>in</strong>fony zeigt e<strong>in</strong>e bedeutend ger<strong>in</strong>gere Farbänderung über den gesamten Zeitraum der Studie<br />

h<strong>in</strong>weg.<br />

?E<br />

10<br />

9<br />

8<br />

7<br />

Color Stability Depend<strong>in</strong>g<br />

on Accelerated Ag<strong>in</strong>g<br />

1 week 3 weeks 8 weeks 12 weeks 18 weeks<br />

6<br />

5<br />

4<br />

3<br />

2<br />

1<br />

0<br />

Gradia Sculpture S<strong>in</strong>fony Tescera Z-100 (Control)<br />

material<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

69


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 S<strong>in</strong>fony<br />

3027<br />

Chemical and Mechanical Degradation <strong>of</strong> Dental Composites<br />

N. KOURNETAS, L. SCHEIDELER, and J. GEIS-GERSTORFER, University<br />

<strong>of</strong> Tueb<strong>in</strong>gen, Germany<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert<br />

Objectives: In vitro wear studies should simulate <strong>the</strong> oral environment as close as possible. The purpose <strong>of</strong> this<br />

study was to evaluate <strong>the</strong> wear behavior <strong>of</strong> three materials after chemical stress and mechanical load<strong>in</strong>g.<br />

Methods: 12 cyl<strong>in</strong>drical specimens from each <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> follow<strong>in</strong>g materials were manufactured: Artglass (Heraeus<br />

Kulzer, Germany), S<strong>in</strong>fony (<strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>, Germany), Arabesk (Voco, Germany). The specimens were polished<br />

after one day storage <strong>in</strong> distilled water at 37°C. Pr<strong>of</strong>ilometric analysis was performed (Perthometer 3D, Mahr,<br />

Germany). Four specimens <strong>of</strong> each material were <strong>in</strong>cubated <strong>in</strong> water, 0, 1N NaOH, and <strong>in</strong> enzymatic solution <strong>of</strong><br />

horse serum Pseudochol<strong>in</strong>esterase (PCE, 50 mu/ml), respectively, at 37°C. After 3 months, <strong>the</strong> samples were<br />

subjected to impact load<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> a chew<strong>in</strong>g simulator (Willytec, Germany, 49N, 1.6 Hz) for a period (1.2 x106<br />

cycles) that simulates 5 years <strong>of</strong> cl<strong>in</strong>ical function.<br />

Results: Mean (SD). The results were compared by t-test (p=0.05).<br />

Material<br />

Artglass<br />

S<strong>in</strong>fony<br />

Arabesk<br />

Solution<br />

Wear Depth [µm] Volume Loss [mm3] Surface Roughness Ra [µm]<br />

Water NaOH PCE Water NaOH PCE Water NaOH PCE<br />

81.3 a<br />

(5.6)<br />

102.2 g<br />

(32.3)<br />

111.7 m<br />

(51.3)<br />

229.3 b<br />

(70.63)<br />

120 g<br />

(39.1)<br />

192.7 m<br />

(81.4)<br />

210.1 b<br />

(31.6)<br />

175 h<br />

(32.2)<br />

267.1 n<br />

(60)<br />

0.3 c<br />

(0.1)<br />

0.3 i<br />

(0.1)<br />

0.5 o<br />

(0.3)<br />

1.1 d<br />

(0.3)<br />

0.5 i<br />

(0.1)<br />

0.9 o<br />

(0.6)<br />

Mean values with same superscript letter are not statistically significantly different at <strong>the</strong> p=0.05 level.<br />

1.1 d<br />

(0.2)<br />

0.9 j<br />

(0.3)<br />

1.5 p<br />

(0.6)<br />

0.6 e<br />

(0.1)<br />

0.8 k<br />

(0.3)<br />

0.6 q<br />

(0.3)<br />

1.3 f<br />

(0.5)<br />

1.1 k<br />

(0.4)<br />

1.4 r<br />

(0.6)<br />

Conclusions: Incubation <strong>in</strong> PCE resulted <strong>in</strong> a statistically significant enhancement <strong>of</strong> wear and roughness<br />

values <strong>in</strong> comparison to water for every material tested. Enzymatic degradation was sometimes even more<br />

pronounced than alkal<strong>in</strong>e deterioration. This raises questions about <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>tegral chemical stability <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se<br />

materials when <strong>the</strong>y are applied <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> enzymatically active oral cavity.<br />

1.5 f<br />

(0.1)<br />

1.5 l<br />

(0.1)<br />

1.4 r<br />

(0.4)<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

70


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 S<strong>in</strong>fony<br />

3027<br />

Chemical and Mechanical Degradation <strong>of</strong> Dental Composites<br />

N. KOURNETAS, L. SCHEIDELER, and J. GEIS-GERSTORFER, University<br />

<strong>of</strong> Tueb<strong>in</strong>gen, Germany<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert<br />

Aim <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Study: This study evaluated <strong>the</strong> wear behavior <strong>of</strong> S<strong>in</strong>fony (<strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>), Artglass (Heraeus Kulzer)<br />

and Arabesk (Voco) after chemical stress (NaOH or PCE) and mechanical load<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> a chew<strong>in</strong>g simulator.<br />

Ziel der Studie: Untersucht wurde das Verschleißverhalten von S<strong>in</strong>fony (<strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>), Artglass (Heraeus Kulzer)<br />

und Arabesk (Voco) nach chemischer Stressbelastung (NaOH oder PCE) und mechanischer Belastung <strong>in</strong> e<strong>in</strong>em<br />

Kausimulator.<br />

Results: Wear depth and Volume loss were lower with S<strong>in</strong>fony than with o<strong>the</strong>r materials. For <strong>the</strong> surface<br />

roughness <strong>the</strong> results were statistically similar <strong>in</strong> all three groups.<br />

Ergebnisse: Die Verschleißtiefe und der Volumenverlust waren bei S<strong>in</strong>fony niedriger als bei den anderen<br />

Materialien. Für die Oberflächenrauheit waren die Ergebnisse <strong>in</strong> allen drei Gruppen statistisch gesehen ähnlich.<br />

350<br />

2,5<br />

2,5<br />

300<br />

250<br />

Wear Depth<br />

2<br />

Volume Loss<br />

2<br />

Surface Roughness<br />

Ra<br />

200<br />

1,5<br />

1,5<br />

[µm]<br />

150<br />

[mm³]<br />

1<br />

[µm]<br />

1<br />

100<br />

50<br />

0,5<br />

0,5<br />

0<br />

Artglass S<strong>in</strong>fony Arabesk<br />

0<br />

Artglass S<strong>in</strong>fony Arabesk<br />

0<br />

Artglass S<strong>in</strong>fony Arabesk<br />

M a t e r i a l<br />

Water NaOH PCE<br />

M a t e r i a l<br />

Water NaOH PCE<br />

M a t e r i a l<br />

Water NaOH PCE<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

71


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

AADR 2003 Paradigm MZ 100<br />

1649<br />

Adhesion <strong>of</strong> Composite to CAD/CAM Composite Block Material<br />

R.P. RUSIN, and Y. LAPITSKY, <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> Dental <strong>Products</strong>, St. Paul, MN,<br />

USA<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert<br />

Ceramic-filled sta<strong>in</strong>s and composites are frequently applied to CAD/CAM milled restorations to adjust anatomy<br />

and enhance aes<strong>the</strong>tics.<br />

Objectives: measure <strong>the</strong> shear adhesion <strong>of</strong> composites to a CAD/CAM composite block material, <strong>3M</strong><br />

<strong>ESPE</strong> Paradigm MZ100 Block for CEREC®.<br />

Methods: The shear adhesion was measured for <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> S<strong>in</strong>fony Composite (shades E6; DA2) and<br />

<strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> Z100 Restorative. The bond<strong>in</strong>g surface <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> blocks were roughened with 320 grit sandpaper;<br />

primed with silane (<strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> RelyX Ceramic Primer); coated twice with <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> S<strong>in</strong>gle Bond<br />

Adhesive; light-cured 10 sec. The composites were cured onto <strong>the</strong> treated blocks <strong>in</strong> cyl<strong>in</strong>drical molds. In<br />

addition, groups <strong>of</strong> Z100 Restorative bonded to Paradigm MZ100 blocks were prepared with <strong>the</strong> follow<strong>in</strong>g<br />

comparative treatments after roughen<strong>in</strong>g: no treatment; silane only; and S<strong>in</strong>gle Bond (SB) only. The data were<br />

analyzed via one-way ANOVA and compared with Fisher’s pairwise comparisons (p


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

AADR 2003 Paradigm MZ 100<br />

1649<br />

Adhesion <strong>of</strong> Composite to CAD/CAM Composite Block Material<br />

R.P. RUSIN, and Y. LAPITSKY, <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> Dental <strong>Products</strong>, St. Paul, MN,<br />

USA<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert<br />

Results: The shear adhesion to PARADIGM MZ 100 block was highest with Z100 (silane and S<strong>in</strong>gle Bond)<br />

and Z100 (silane only). All o<strong>the</strong>r groups statistically showed no difference.<br />

Ergebnisse: Die Scherhaftung zu PARADIGM MZ 100 Block war bei Z100 (silanisiert und S<strong>in</strong>gle Bond)<br />

und Z100 (nur silanisiert) am höchsten. Alle anderen Gruppen zeigen statistisch gesehen ke<strong>in</strong>en Unterschied.<br />

MPa<br />

35<br />

30<br />

Shear Adhesion <strong>of</strong><br />

Composite to MZ100 Blocks<br />

25<br />

20<br />

15<br />

10<br />

21,6 22,5<br />

29,3<br />

22,8<br />

25,9<br />

22,7<br />

5<br />

0<br />

A<br />

S<strong>in</strong>fony E6<br />

B<br />

S<strong>in</strong>fony DA2<br />

C<br />

Z100 Restorative,<br />

silane and S<strong>in</strong>gle<br />

Bond<br />

D<br />

Z100 Restorative,<br />

no treatment<br />

E<br />

Z100 Restorative,<br />

silane only<br />

F<br />

Z100 Restorative,<br />

S<strong>in</strong>gle Bond only<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

73


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 Paradigm MZ 100<br />

0068<br />

Cl<strong>in</strong>ical Evaluation <strong>of</strong> CAD/CAM-generated Composite Inlays:<br />

Three-year Report<br />

D.J. FASBINDER 1 , J.B. DENNISON 1 , D. HEYS 1 , and K. LAMPE 2 ,<br />

1 University <strong>of</strong> Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA, 2 University <strong>of</strong> Zurich,<br />

Switzerland<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert<br />

Objectives: To evaluate <strong>the</strong> cl<strong>in</strong>ical performance <strong>of</strong> a composite material compared to a porcela<strong>in</strong> material for<br />

CAD/CAM-generated adhesive <strong>in</strong>lays. This is <strong>the</strong> three year report <strong>of</strong> a randomized cl<strong>in</strong>ical trial.<br />

Experimental Methods: Two tra<strong>in</strong>ed cl<strong>in</strong>icians placed 40 porcela<strong>in</strong> (Vita Mark II/Vita) and 40 composite<br />

(Paradigm MZ100/<strong>3M</strong>-<strong>ESPE</strong>) CAD/CAM <strong>in</strong>lays, <strong>in</strong> 43 patients, divided between 37 molars and 43 bicuspids. A<br />

CAD/CAM unit (Cerec 2/Sirona) was used to fabricate all restorations us<strong>in</strong>g COS 1.21 s<strong>of</strong>tware. Follow<strong>in</strong>g<br />

computergraphic design <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>lay, <strong>the</strong> prefabricated block to be used for <strong>the</strong> specific restoration was<br />

randomly assigned. Both restorative materials were cemented with a total etch technique us<strong>in</strong>g S<strong>in</strong>gle Bond<br />

(<strong>3M</strong>-<strong>ESPE</strong>) and a dual cured res<strong>in</strong> cement (RelyX-ARC Res<strong>in</strong> Cement/<strong>3M</strong>-<strong>ESPE</strong>).<br />

Results: Tooth sensitivity was evaluated by report to cold stimulus (number <strong>of</strong> teeth): 1 week: Composite (0),<br />

Porcela<strong>in</strong> (1), with no sensitivity reported <strong>in</strong> ei<strong>the</strong>r group after 2 weeks, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years.<br />

All restorations were evaluated by two exam<strong>in</strong>ers us<strong>in</strong>g a modified USPHS rat<strong>in</strong>g. The percentage alpha scores<br />

(basel<strong>in</strong>e, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, 3 years) were: marg<strong>in</strong> adaptation - Composite (100, 97, 91, 68, 66),<br />

Porcela<strong>in</strong> (97, 92, 76, 73, 65); <strong>in</strong>lay fracture - Composite (100, 100, 100, 97, 100), Porcela<strong>in</strong> (97, 94, 89, 91,<br />

88); color match - Composite (100, 97, 97, 91, 91), Porcela<strong>in</strong> (85, 58, 65, 58, 59); marg<strong>in</strong> discoloration –<br />

Composite (100, 100, 91, 91, 88), Porcela<strong>in</strong> (100, 100, 100, 91, 91). The percentage <strong>of</strong> alpha scores for<br />

anatomic form, tooth fracture, caries, and surface f<strong>in</strong>ish were 95% or greater for both materials at all recall<br />

<strong>in</strong>tervals.<br />

Conclusions: The composite <strong>in</strong>lays performed equally as well as <strong>the</strong> porcela<strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>lays at 3 years <strong>in</strong> all categories<br />

with cl<strong>in</strong>ical advantages noted <strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>lay fracture and color match. Supported by <strong>3M</strong>/<strong>ESPE</strong>.<br />

Aim <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Study: This study evaluated <strong>the</strong> cl<strong>in</strong>ical performance <strong>of</strong> 40 composite Paradigm PARADIGM<br />

MZ 100/<strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> CAD/CAM <strong>in</strong>lays compared to 40 porcela<strong>in</strong> Vita Mark II/Vita CAD/CAM <strong>in</strong>lays over three<br />

years.<br />

Ziel der Studie: Untersucht wurde das kl<strong>in</strong>ische Verhalten von 40 Composite Paradigm PARADIGM MZ<br />

100/<strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> CAD/CAM Inlays im Vergleich zu 40 Keramik Vita Mark II/Vita CAD/CAM Inlays über drei<br />

Jahre h<strong>in</strong>weg.<br />

Results: Concern<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>lay fracture and color match <strong>the</strong> composite <strong>in</strong>lays (PARADIGM MZ 100) showed<br />

cl<strong>in</strong>ical advantages <strong>in</strong> comparison to <strong>the</strong> porcela<strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>lays. In all o<strong>the</strong>r categories <strong>the</strong> composite <strong>in</strong>lays performed<br />

equally as well as <strong>the</strong> porcela<strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>lays.<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

74


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 Paradigm MZ 100<br />

0068<br />

Cl<strong>in</strong>ical Evaluation <strong>of</strong> CAD/CAM-generated Composite Inlays:<br />

Three-year Report<br />

D.J. FASBINDER 1 , J.B. DENNISON 1 , D. HEYS 1 , and K. LAMPE 2 ,<br />

1 University <strong>of</strong> Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA, 2 University <strong>of</strong> Zurich,<br />

Switzerland<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert<br />

Ergebnisse: Die Composite Inlays (PARADIGM MZ 100) wiesen kl<strong>in</strong>ische Vorteile bezüglich der<br />

Bruchfestigkeit und der Farbübere<strong>in</strong>stimmung im Vergleich zu den Keramik<strong>in</strong>lays auf. In allen anderen<br />

Kategorien waren die Composite Inlays ebenso gut wie die Keramik<strong>in</strong>lays.<br />

120%<br />

basel<strong>in</strong>e 6 months 1 year 2 years 3 years<br />

100%<br />

percentage alpha scores<br />

80%<br />

60%<br />

40%<br />

20%<br />

0%<br />

Composite<br />

MZ100<br />

Porcela<strong>in</strong><br />

Vita Mark II<br />

Composite<br />

MZ100<br />

Porcela<strong>in</strong><br />

Vita Mark II<br />

Composite<br />

MZ100<br />

Porcela<strong>in</strong><br />

Vita Mark II<br />

Composite<br />

MZ100<br />

Porcela<strong>in</strong><br />

Vita Mark II<br />

marg<strong>in</strong> adaption <strong>in</strong>lay fracture color match marg<strong>in</strong> discoloration<br />

120%<br />

percentage alpha scores<br />

100%<br />

80%<br />

60%<br />

40%<br />

20%<br />

0%<br />

basel<strong>in</strong>e 6 months 1 year 2 years 3 years<br />

marg<strong>in</strong> adaption Composite<br />

MZ100<br />

marg<strong>in</strong> adaption Porcela<strong>in</strong><br />

Vita Mark II<br />

<strong>in</strong>lay fracture Composite<br />

MZ100<br />

<strong>in</strong>lay fracture Porcela<strong>in</strong><br />

Vita Mark II<br />

color match Composite<br />

MZ100<br />

color match Porcela<strong>in</strong><br />

Vita Mark II<br />

marg<strong>in</strong> discoloration Composite<br />

MZ100<br />

marg<strong>in</strong> discoloration Porcela<strong>in</strong><br />

Vita Mark II<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

75


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 Paradigm MZ 100<br />

1293<br />

Marg<strong>in</strong>al Adaptation <strong>of</strong> Direct and CAD/CAM Proximal Slot Restorations<br />

Us<strong>in</strong>g a Self-etch<strong>in</strong>g Adhesive System<br />

T. BORTOLOTTO, and I. KREJCI, University <strong>of</strong> Geneva, Switzerland<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert<br />

Objectives: To compare <strong>the</strong> marg<strong>in</strong>al adaptation <strong>of</strong> proximal slot restorations us<strong>in</strong>g direct composite, ceramic<br />

and composite CAD/CAM <strong>in</strong>lays as restorative procedure and a self-etch<strong>in</strong>g adhesive system.<br />

Methods: Proximal slot cavities were prepared with ultrasonic <strong>in</strong>struments (PCS, EMS, Switzerland) <strong>in</strong><br />

extracted human molars and randomly divided <strong>in</strong>to 6 groups: 1. ceramic <strong>in</strong>lays (Vita Mark II, Vita Zahnfabrik,<br />

Germany), 2. composite <strong>in</strong>lays (Paradigm, <strong>3M</strong>-<strong>ESPE</strong>, Germany) and 3. direct fill<strong>in</strong>gs with composite (AP-X,<br />

Kuraray, Japan) luted with a lightcur<strong>in</strong>g f<strong>in</strong>e hybrid composite (AP-X, Kuraray, Japan), without (a) and with (b)<br />

H 3 PO 4 enamel etch<strong>in</strong>g. After one week dark storage <strong>in</strong> a 0.9% sal<strong>in</strong>e solution, <strong>the</strong> restored teeth were loaded<br />

with repeated <strong>the</strong>rmal (3000 x 5-50°C) and mechanical (1.200.000 x 49N) stresses <strong>in</strong> a chew<strong>in</strong>g mach<strong>in</strong>e. Epoxy<br />

replicas before and after load<strong>in</strong>g were prepared for SEM analysis at 200x magnification. Tooth-lut<strong>in</strong>g composite<br />

and lut<strong>in</strong>g composite-workpiece <strong>in</strong>terfaces were analysed separately <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>lay groups.<br />

Results: TOOTH COMPOSITE INTERFACE (% <strong>of</strong> "cont<strong>in</strong>uous marg<strong>in</strong>s"; n=6)<br />

GROUPS INITIAL(Mean ± SD) TERMINAL(Mean ± SD) 1a 91.21 (3.34) 66.21 (10.30) 1b 77.23 (13.72)<br />

51.00 (10.51) 2a 85.35 (9.41) 80.64 (14.52) 2b 91.97 (6.96) 58.85 (14.57) 3a 73.99 (10.83) 49.40 (13.77) 3b<br />

55.53 (19.37) 21.91 (10.75)<br />

COMPOSITE INLAY INTERFACE (% <strong>of</strong> "cont<strong>in</strong>uous marg<strong>in</strong>s"; n=6)<br />

GROUPS INITIAL(Mean ± SD) TERMINAL(Mean ± SD) 1a 98.03 (3.39) 82.50 (5.35) 1b 92.95 (7.16) 88.94<br />

(7.86) 2a 100 (0) 100 (0) 2b 97.50 (4.45) 97.01 (4.90)<br />

Significant differences were found before and after load<strong>in</strong>g (ANOVA, Scheffé p < 0.05)<br />

Conclusions: CAD/CAM composite <strong>in</strong>lays without H 3 PO 4 enamel etch<strong>in</strong>g showed <strong>the</strong> best performance after<br />

load<strong>in</strong>g.<br />

Aim <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Study: This study evaluated <strong>the</strong> marg<strong>in</strong>al adaptation <strong>of</strong> direct fill<strong>in</strong>gs with composite (AP-X<br />

Kuraray) and CAD/CAM ceramic <strong>in</strong>lays (Vita Mark II, Vita Zahnfabrik) and CAD/CAM composite <strong>in</strong>lays<br />

(Paradigm, <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>) with and without enamel etch<strong>in</strong>g.<br />

Ziel der Studie: Untersucht wurde der Randschluss direkter Füllungen mit Composite (AP-X Kuraray) und<br />

CAD/CAM Keramik <strong>in</strong>lays (Vita Mark II, Vita Zahnfabrik) und CAD/CAM Composite Inlays (Paradigm, <strong>3M</strong><br />

<strong>ESPE</strong>) mit und ohne Schmelzätzen.<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

76


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 Paradigm MZ 100<br />

1293<br />

Marg<strong>in</strong>al Adaptation <strong>of</strong> Direct and CAD/CAM Proximal Slot Restorations<br />

Us<strong>in</strong>g a Self-etch<strong>in</strong>g Adhesive System<br />

T. BORTOLOTTO, and I. KREJCI, University <strong>of</strong> Geneva, Switzerland<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert<br />

Results: Paradigm Composite Inlays (<strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>) without enamel etch<strong>in</strong>g showed <strong>the</strong> best performance after<br />

load<strong>in</strong>g.<br />

Ergebnisse: Paradigm Composite Inlays (<strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>) ohne Schmelzätzen zeigten nach Belastung die besten<br />

Resultate.<br />

Tooth Composite Interface<br />

% <strong>of</strong> "cont<strong>in</strong>uous marg<strong>in</strong>s"<br />

100<br />

90<br />

80<br />

70<br />

60<br />

50<br />

40<br />

30<br />

20<br />

10<br />

0<br />

without enamel etch<strong>in</strong>g with enamel etch<strong>in</strong>g without enamel etch<strong>in</strong>g with enamel etch<strong>in</strong>g without enamel etch<strong>in</strong>g with enamel etch<strong>in</strong>g<br />

Vita Mark II Paradigma AP-X<br />

<strong>in</strong>itial<br />

term<strong>in</strong>al (after storage and load<strong>in</strong>g)<br />

Composite Inlay Interface<br />

120<br />

% <strong>of</strong> "cont<strong>in</strong>uous marg<strong>in</strong>s"<br />

100<br />

80<br />

60<br />

40<br />

20<br />

0<br />

without enamel etch<strong>in</strong>g with enamel etch<strong>in</strong>g without enamel etch<strong>in</strong>g with enamel etch<strong>in</strong>g<br />

Vita Mark II<br />

Paradigma<br />

<strong>in</strong>itial<br />

term<strong>in</strong>al (after storage and load<strong>in</strong>g)<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

77


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 Paradigm MZ 100<br />

1520<br />

Evaluation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Marg<strong>in</strong>al Fit <strong>of</strong> Three Marg<strong>in</strong> Designs <strong>of</strong> Res<strong>in</strong><br />

Composite Crowns Us<strong>in</strong>g CAD/CAM<br />

E. TSITROU, S. POLLINGTON, and R. VAN NOORT, University <strong>of</strong><br />

Sheffield, United K<strong>in</strong>gdom<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert<br />

Objectives: The purpose <strong>of</strong> this study was to exam<strong>in</strong>e <strong>the</strong> ability <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> newly <strong>in</strong>troduced res<strong>in</strong> composite<br />

blocks for CAD/CAM to reproduce three different crown f<strong>in</strong>ish l<strong>in</strong>es, namely a shoulder, a 45 degree bevel and<br />

a chamfer.<br />

Materials and Methods: Three duplicate models <strong>of</strong> a lower phantom molar tooth were fabricated and prepared<br />

for a full-coverage crown with a marg<strong>in</strong>al f<strong>in</strong>ish <strong>of</strong> a shoulder, a 45 degree bevel or a chamfer. Each model was<br />

<strong>the</strong>n duplicated ten times (n=10) and all duplicates were scanned <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> CEREC Scan (Sirona). A crown<br />

restoration was designed us<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> CEREC 3 s<strong>of</strong>tware. The material used for <strong>the</strong> crowns was Paradigm<br />

MZ 100 (<strong>3M</strong>/<strong>ESPE</strong>). Each crown was cemented onto its orig<strong>in</strong>al model us<strong>in</strong>g a silicone impression material<br />

(Aquasil LV, Dentsply) under a standardised load<strong>in</strong>g condition (40N for 3 m<strong>in</strong>). The crowns, with <strong>the</strong> set<br />

silicone polymer film still attached, were removed from <strong>the</strong> models. The silicone polymer film was detached<br />

from <strong>the</strong> crown us<strong>in</strong>g a contrast<strong>in</strong>g impression material (Aquasil putty, Dentsply). Buccal, l<strong>in</strong>gual, mesial and<br />

distal sections <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> silicone impressions were produced and <strong>the</strong> marg<strong>in</strong>al gaps <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> crowns were measured<br />

us<strong>in</strong>g a travell<strong>in</strong>g microscope at x30 magnification.<br />

Results: The crowns did not show any signs <strong>of</strong> marg<strong>in</strong>al chipp<strong>in</strong>g, irrespective <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> marg<strong>in</strong> design. The<br />

average marg<strong>in</strong>al gap for each group was: Bevel Group 105±40mm, Shoulder Group 91±31mm and Chamfer<br />

Group 94±39 mm. One-way Anova showed that <strong>the</strong> results were not significantly different.<br />

Conclusions: The marg<strong>in</strong>al fit <strong>of</strong> Paradigm MZ100 res<strong>in</strong> composite crowns, whe<strong>the</strong>r with a shoulder, a<br />

chamfer or a bevel, is with<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> range <strong>of</strong> cl<strong>in</strong>ical acceptance when us<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> CEREC Scan.<br />

Acknowledgement: We are grateful to <strong>3M</strong>/<strong>ESPE</strong> for <strong>the</strong> donation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> res<strong>in</strong> composite blocks.<br />

Aim <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Study: This study evaluated <strong>the</strong> marg<strong>in</strong>al fit <strong>of</strong> bevel, shoulder and chamfer preparations <strong>of</strong><br />

composite crowns (Paradigm MZ100), fabricated with a CAD/CAM System (Cerec).<br />

Ziel der Studie: Untersucht wurde der Randschluss von Schrägrand-, Schulter- und Hohlkehl-Präparationen<br />

von Composite Kronen (Paradigm MZ100), hergestellt mit e<strong>in</strong>em CAD/CAM System (Cerec).<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

78


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 Paradigm MZ 100<br />

1520<br />

Evaluation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Marg<strong>in</strong>al Fit <strong>of</strong> Three Marg<strong>in</strong> Designs <strong>of</strong> Res<strong>in</strong><br />

Composite Crowns Us<strong>in</strong>g CAD/CAM<br />

E. TSITROU, S. POLLINGTON, and R. VAN NOORT, University <strong>of</strong><br />

Sheffield, United K<strong>in</strong>gdom<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert<br />

Results: The marg<strong>in</strong>al fit <strong>of</strong> Paradigm MZ100 res<strong>in</strong> composite crowns, whe<strong>the</strong>r with a shoulder, a chamfer or<br />

a bevel, is with<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> range <strong>of</strong> cl<strong>in</strong>ical acceptance when us<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> CEREC Scan.<br />

Ergebnisse: Der Randschluss von Paradigm MZ100 Composite Kronen ist <strong>in</strong>nerhalb des Bereichs kl<strong>in</strong>ischer<br />

Akzeptanz, unabhängig davon, ob es sich um e<strong>in</strong>e Schulter-, Schrägrand- oder Hohlkehl-Präparation handelt.<br />

110<br />

105<br />

Marg<strong>in</strong>al Fit <strong>of</strong> Paradigm MZ100<br />

100<br />

95<br />

90<br />

85<br />

marg<strong>in</strong>al gap (mm)<br />

80<br />

bevel preparation shoulder preparation chamfer preparation<br />

design<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

79


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 Paradigm MZ 100<br />

2613<br />

Adhesion <strong>of</strong> a New Adhesive Res<strong>in</strong> Cement to CAD/CAM Material<br />

R.P. RUSIN, and K.M. CUMMINGS, <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> Dental <strong>Products</strong>,<br />

St. Paul, MN, USA<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert<br />

Adhesive bond<strong>in</strong>g is a critical part <strong>of</strong> chairside <strong>in</strong>direct procedures. A recently <strong>in</strong>troduced self-adhesive res<strong>in</strong><br />

cement, <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> RelyX Unicem Adhesive Res<strong>in</strong> Cement (UNI) elim<strong>in</strong>ates <strong>the</strong> etch<strong>in</strong>g and adhesive<br />

steps from <strong>the</strong> procedure.<br />

Objectives: Measure adhesion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> new cement to composite and porcela<strong>in</strong> CAD/CAM block materials used<br />

for <strong>in</strong>lays, onlays, and crowns: <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> Paradigm MZ100 Block for CEREC® (MZ100) and Vita<br />

Mark II Vitabloc (VM2).<br />

Methods: Groups with <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> RelyX Lut<strong>in</strong>g Cement(RXL) and <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> RelyX ARC<br />

Cement (ARC) on MZ100 were <strong>in</strong>cluded for comparison. The shear bond strength was measured for cured<br />

composite buttons cemented to <strong>the</strong> block. The bond<strong>in</strong>g surface <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> block was roughened with 180 grit<br />

sandpaper, <strong>the</strong>n treated as follows: with silane only for MZ100; HF etch, r<strong>in</strong>se, <strong>the</strong>n silane for VM2. The data<br />

were analyzed via one-way ANOVA and compared with Turkey’s T-test (p


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 Paradigm MZ 100<br />

2613<br />

Adhesion <strong>of</strong> a New Adhesive Res<strong>in</strong> Cement to CAD/CAM Material<br />

R.P. RUSIN, and K.M. CUMMINGS, <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> Dental <strong>Products</strong>,<br />

St. Paul, MN, USA<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert<br />

Results: The shear bond strengths <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> PARADIGM MZ 100 were statistically not different and <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> same strength for RelyX ARC, RelyX Unicem-dark cured und RelyX Unicem-light cured.<br />

Ergebnisse: Die Scherfestigkeiten von <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> PARADIGM MZ 100 waren für RelyX ARC, RelyX<br />

Unicem-dark cured und RelyX Unicem-light cured statistisch gesehen nicht unterschiedlich und auf gleichem<br />

Festigkeitsniveau.<br />

Shear Bond Strengths<br />

35<br />

30<br />

25<br />

MPa<br />

20<br />

15<br />

10<br />

23,7<br />

21,5<br />

18,8 18,8<br />

5<br />

9,8<br />

0<br />

MZ100/RelyX Lut<strong>in</strong>g MZ100/RelyX ARC MZ100/RelyX<br />

Unicem-dark cured<br />

MZ100/RelyX<br />

Unicem-light cured<br />

Mark II Vitabloc/RelyX<br />

Unicem-light cured<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

81


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

AADR 2003 RelyX ARC & S<strong>in</strong>fony<br />

0240<br />

Bond Strength <strong>of</strong> Res<strong>in</strong> Cements to Indirect Composite Res<strong>in</strong>s<br />

M. GHULMAN, N. ASHAYERI, and D. NATHANSON, Boston University,<br />

MA, USA<br />

Objectives: To evaluate <strong>the</strong> bond between res<strong>in</strong> cements and <strong>in</strong>direct res<strong>in</strong>s.<br />

Methods: The study <strong>in</strong>cluded 4 <strong>in</strong>direct res<strong>in</strong>s: a. Gradia (GC), b. Sculpture (Pentron), c. S<strong>in</strong>fony (<strong>3M</strong>-<strong>ESPE</strong>),<br />

and d. Tescera (BISCO), and 4 res<strong>in</strong> cements: 1. Illusion (BISCO), 2. L<strong>in</strong>k-Max (GC), 3. Lute-It (Pentron), and<br />

4. Rely-X ARC (<strong>3M</strong>-<strong>ESPE</strong>) with <strong>the</strong>ir respective adhesive systems. 160 round <strong>in</strong>direct res<strong>in</strong> samples (10 x 2<br />

mm) were prepared. Cyl<strong>in</strong>drical-shaped res<strong>in</strong> cement samples (2.3 x 3 mm) were formed by position<strong>in</strong>g a split<br />

mold over <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>direct res<strong>in</strong> sample. Shear bond strength was tested, us<strong>in</strong>g an Instron test<strong>in</strong>g mach<strong>in</strong>e.<br />

Gradia Sculpture S<strong>in</strong>fony Tescera<br />

Illusion 24.51 (6.36) A 18.49 (3.47) A 24.23 (6.56) A 19.39 (3.98) A<br />

L<strong>in</strong>k-Max 35.5 (8.13) B 16.8 (5.2) A 27.45 (7.02) A 16.46 (5.29) AB<br />

Lute-It 23.28 (6.63) A 20.8 (5.57) A 26.58 (4.76) A 12.89 (2.93) B<br />

Rely-X ARC 24.01 (7.34) A 19.8 (2.04) A 21.42 (8.17) A 16.39 (4.35) AB<br />

* Superscript letters represent statistically equivalent means with<strong>in</strong> each <strong>in</strong>direct res<strong>in</strong>.<br />

Results: Bond strength <strong>of</strong> cements to <strong>in</strong>direct res<strong>in</strong>s ranged from 12.89 (2.93) to 35.5 (8.13) MPa. Overall,<br />

significantly higher bond strengths were found for Gradia and S<strong>in</strong>fony <strong>in</strong>direct res<strong>in</strong>s (p=.027). L<strong>in</strong>k-Max had a<br />

significantly higher bond strength to Gradia that all o<strong>the</strong>r cements (p=.001). Illusion had a significant higher<br />

bond to Tescera than Lute-It (p=.015).<br />

Conclusions: All cement systems tested produced adequate bond strengths, but certa<strong>in</strong> cement-res<strong>in</strong><br />

comb<strong>in</strong>ations exhibited significantly higher bond strengths.<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

82


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

AADR 2003 RelyX ARC & S<strong>in</strong>fony<br />

0240<br />

Bond Strength <strong>of</strong> Res<strong>in</strong> Cements to Indirect Composite Res<strong>in</strong>s<br />

M. GHULMAN, N. ASHAYERI, and D. NATHANSON, Boston University,<br />

MA, USA<br />

Aim <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Study: The bond strength <strong>of</strong> composite lut<strong>in</strong>g materials is exam<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>in</strong>tensively. This study has<br />

focus on <strong>the</strong> bond strength <strong>of</strong> adhesive lut<strong>in</strong>g materials to different <strong>in</strong>direct composites.<br />

Ziel der Studie: Die Haftung von Composite Befestigungsmaterialien an die Zahnsubstanz ist Ziel vieler<br />

Untersuchungen. Diese Studie untersucht den Verbund der Zemente mit <strong>in</strong>direkten Composite<br />

Restaurationsmaterialien.<br />

Results: All tested material comb<strong>in</strong>ations showed sufficient adhesion.<br />

Ergebnisse: Alle untersuchten Materialkomb<strong>in</strong>ationen zeigten gute Haftverbunde.<br />

Bond Strength <strong>of</strong> RelyX ARC to Different Indirect Composites<br />

[MPa]<br />

35<br />

30<br />

25<br />

20<br />

15<br />

10<br />

5<br />

0<br />

Gradia Sculpture S<strong>in</strong>fony Tescera<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

83


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

AADR 2003 RelyX ARC<br />

0437<br />

Res<strong>in</strong>-Cement Bond Strength to Dent<strong>in</strong> with Light vs. Chemically Cured<br />

Adhesives<br />

D. NATHANSON, Boston University, MA, USA, and F. AL-HARBI, Boston<br />

University, MA, USA<br />

Objectives: The aim <strong>of</strong> this study is to test <strong>the</strong> bond strength <strong>of</strong> dual cured res<strong>in</strong> cements to human dent<strong>in</strong> us<strong>in</strong>g<br />

light cured adhesives.<br />

Method: Extracted human teeth (with exposed dent<strong>in</strong> surfaces) embedded <strong>in</strong> res<strong>in</strong> cyl<strong>in</strong>ders were polished with<br />

600-grit polish<strong>in</strong>g paper. A split mold with a 2.3x<strong>3M</strong>m cyl<strong>in</strong>drical cavity was used to bond res<strong>in</strong> cement to <strong>the</strong><br />

dent<strong>in</strong>. Shear bond strength was tested on <strong>the</strong> Instron test<strong>in</strong>g mach<strong>in</strong>e. The materials used and <strong>the</strong> result<strong>in</strong>g bond<br />

strengths (MPa) are listed <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> table below:<br />

Company Res<strong>in</strong> cement Adhesive<br />

Bond strength (MPa) / cur<strong>in</strong>g mode<br />

Light Chem. Chem.+Light<br />

Dentsply Calibra Prime & Bond NT 27.8 (8.3) 15.8 (4.3) 22.6 (6.8)<br />

Kerr Nexus OptiBond Solo Plus 33.4 (7.3) 14.1 (5.7) 9.9 (2.9)<br />

Pentron Lute it Bond 1 22.8 (5.1) 15.4 (2.3) 17.8 (4.7)<br />

Premier IntegraCem IntegraBond 22.7 (3.5) 18.1 (3.1) 14.9 (5.3)<br />

<strong>3M</strong> Rely X ARC S<strong>in</strong>gle bond 32.1 (7.2) N/A N/A<br />

Bisco<br />

C & B cement<br />

One step 19.4 (5.4) N/A N/A<br />

All-Bond 2 18.6 (7.5) N/A N/A<br />

Ivoclar Variol<strong>in</strong>k II Excite 27.3 (12.1) N/A N/A<br />

Results: The light activated adhesives tested performed well with <strong>the</strong> dual cured res<strong>in</strong> cements. Light cured<br />

Optibond Solo Plus and Prime & Bond NT produced significantly higher bonds than <strong>the</strong> chemical cured<br />

versions (p


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

AADR 2003 RelyX ARC<br />

0437<br />

Res<strong>in</strong>-Cement Bond Strength to Dent<strong>in</strong> with Light vs. Chemically Cured<br />

Adhesives<br />

D. NATHANSON, Boston University, MA, USA, and F. AL-HARBI, Boston<br />

University, MA, USA<br />

Results: All light cured adhesives worked well with dual cured cements. In case dualcure bond<strong>in</strong>g systems were<br />

used <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> chemical cur<strong>in</strong>g mode, most systems resulted <strong>in</strong> slightly lower bond strength values.<br />

Ergebnisse: Alle lichthärtenden Bond<strong>in</strong>gsysteme waren kompatibel mit den entsprechenden dualhärtenden<br />

Composite-Befestigungsmaterialien. Im Falle dualhärtender Adhäsive musste bei Dunkelhärtung meist e<strong>in</strong>e<br />

Reduktion der Haftwerte <strong>in</strong> Kauf genommen werden.<br />

45<br />

40<br />

Shear Bond Strength<br />

35<br />

30<br />

25<br />

20<br />

15<br />

10<br />

5<br />

0<br />

Calibra /<br />

Prime & Bond<br />

NT<br />

Nexus /<br />

Optibond Solo<br />

Plus<br />

Lute it / Bond<br />

1<br />

IntegraCem /<br />

IntegraBond<br />

RelyX ARC /<br />

S<strong>in</strong>gle Bond<br />

[MPa]<br />

C&B cement /<br />

One Step<br />

C&B cement /<br />

All-Bond 2<br />

Variol<strong>in</strong>k II /<br />

Excite<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

85


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

AADR 2003 RelyX ARC<br />

1282<br />

Dimensional Change and Sorption <strong>of</strong> Dental Cements<br />

W.W. JOHNSON 1 , D.A. COVEY 1 , M.P. WALKER 2 , W.W. BRACKETT 3 ,<br />

and A. BUCKLEY 1 , 1 University <strong>of</strong> Nebraska College <strong>of</strong> Dentistry, L<strong>in</strong>coln,<br />

USA, 2 University <strong>of</strong> Missouri, Kansas City School <strong>of</strong> Dentistry, USA, 3<br />

University <strong>of</strong> Nebraska Medical Center College <strong>of</strong> Dentistry, L<strong>in</strong>coln, USA<br />

Objectives: Previous studies have <strong>in</strong>dicated hygroscopic expansion <strong>of</strong> lut<strong>in</strong>g agents occurs as a result <strong>of</strong> water<br />

sorption. This expansion may <strong>in</strong>itially compensate for sett<strong>in</strong>g contraction; however, fur<strong>the</strong>r expansion has been<br />

l<strong>in</strong>ked to fracture <strong>of</strong> all-ceramic restorations. The aim <strong>of</strong> this study was to determ<strong>in</strong>e time-dependent percent<br />

(%) volume change and %sorption <strong>of</strong> 6 lut<strong>in</strong>g agents.<br />

Methods: Us<strong>in</strong>g mass measurements accurate to 0.001 gram, %sorption and %volume change were determ<strong>in</strong>ed<br />

on lut<strong>in</strong>g agent specimens (n=6,10x2mm disks) stored at 37 o C <strong>in</strong> distilled water. The %volume change was<br />

determ<strong>in</strong>ed us<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> hydrostatic pr<strong>in</strong>ciple, which assumes material buoyancy changes depend on volume<br />

change. Measurements were made at 1 day and 42 days. The types <strong>of</strong> lut<strong>in</strong>g agents studied were res<strong>in</strong> cement<br />

(RC), res<strong>in</strong>-ionomer cement (RI), and glass ionomer cement (GIC).<br />

Results:<br />

Material Time % Sorption (SD) %Expansion (SD)<br />

Rely X ARC a,1<br />

1d 1.00 (0.22) 1.21 (1.66)<br />

(RC) 42d 1.78 (0.40) 1.63 (1.38)<br />

Rely X Lut<strong>in</strong>g b,2,3 1d 4.25 (0.75) 5.66 (3.69)<br />

(RI) 42d 4.60 (0.59) 6.31 (3.08)<br />

Fuji I c,2<br />

1d 5.50 (0.66) 5.79 (1.03)<br />

(GIC) 42d 5.75 (0.54) 4.17 (0.99)<br />

Fuji Cem b,3<br />

1d 4.24 (0.62) 7.44 (1.79)<br />

(RI) 42d 4.02 (0.93) 8.51 (0.78)<br />

Fuji Plus c,4<br />

1d 6.14 (0.69) 11.08 (1.13)<br />

(RI) 42d 6.52 (0.52) 11.35 (1.29)<br />

Advance c,4<br />

1d 5.50 (0.66) 14.65 (2.77)<br />

(RI) 42d 5.75 (0.54) 11.68 (2.54)<br />

A 2-factor ANOVA (p


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

AADR 2003 RelyX ARC<br />

1282<br />

Dimensional Change and Sorption <strong>of</strong> Dental Cements<br />

W.W. JOHNSON 1 , D.A. COVEY 1 , M.P. WALKER 2 , W.W. BRACKETT 3 ,<br />

and A. BUCKLEY 1 , 1 University <strong>of</strong> Nebraska College <strong>of</strong> Dentistry, L<strong>in</strong>coln,<br />

USA, 2 University <strong>of</strong> Missouri, Kansas City School <strong>of</strong> Dentistry, USA, 3<br />

University <strong>of</strong> Nebraska Medical Center College <strong>of</strong> Dentistry, L<strong>in</strong>coln, USA<br />

Aim <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Study: Hygroscopic expansion is one ma<strong>in</strong> feature to decide whe<strong>the</strong>r a lut<strong>in</strong>g agent can be used for<br />

cement<strong>in</strong>g full ceramic restaurations. The aim <strong>of</strong> this study was to determ<strong>in</strong>e water sorption and dimensional<br />

change <strong>of</strong> different material classes.<br />

Ziel der Studie: Die hygroskopische Expansion von Befestigungszementen ist e<strong>in</strong> wichtiges Kriterium für<br />

deren Eignung zur Zementierung von Keramikrestaurationen. In dieser Studie wird die Wasseraufnahme und<br />

Expansion verschiedener Materialklassen untersucht.<br />

Results: Without surprise <strong>the</strong> lowest dimensional change was shown by <strong>the</strong> composite RelyX ARC. With<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

group <strong>of</strong> res<strong>in</strong> modified glass ionomers big differences <strong>in</strong> performance were detected. RelyX Lut<strong>in</strong>g and Fuji<br />

Cem show a significantly higher dimensional stability than Fuji Plus and Advance<br />

Ergebnisse: Entsprechend der Erwartung zeigt das Compositematerial RelyX ARC die ger<strong>in</strong>gste<br />

Dimensionsveränderung. Die kunstst<strong>of</strong>fmodifizierten Zemente unterscheiden sich beträchtlich <strong>in</strong> dieser<br />

Eigenschaft. RelyX Lut<strong>in</strong>g und Fuji Cem zeigen signifikant niedrigere Expansion als Fuji Plus und Advance.<br />

[%]<br />

18<br />

16<br />

14<br />

12<br />

10<br />

8<br />

6<br />

4<br />

2<br />

Volume % Expansion<br />

after 1d<br />

after 42d<br />

0<br />

RelyX ARC RelyX Lut<strong>in</strong>g Fuji Cem Fuji Plus Advance Fuji I<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

87


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 RelyX ARC<br />

2584<br />

Long-term Res<strong>in</strong> Bond Strength to Procera AllZirkon<br />

A. SADAN, Louisiana State University School <strong>of</strong> Dentistry, New Orleans,<br />

USA, and M.B. BLATZ, Louisiana State University School <strong>of</strong> Dentistry, New<br />

Orleans, USA<br />

The fabrication <strong>of</strong> zirconium-oxide cop<strong>in</strong>gs and frameworks us<strong>in</strong>g CAD/CAM systems (e.g., Procera AllZirkon,<br />

Nobel Biocare) has ga<strong>in</strong>ed wide popularity. F<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> proper bond<strong>in</strong>g techniques to zirconium oxide, adequate<br />

bond<strong>in</strong>g materials, and <strong>in</strong>terbond<strong>in</strong>g systems compatibility is important to <strong>the</strong> cl<strong>in</strong>ical community. Panavia<br />

(Kuraray), a phosphate-monomer(MDP)-conta<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g res<strong>in</strong> cement, is <strong>the</strong> recommended cement for establish<strong>in</strong>g a<br />

strong res<strong>in</strong> bond to zirconia. However, <strong>the</strong> controversy rema<strong>in</strong>s whe<strong>the</strong>r or not to utilize this cement <strong>in</strong><br />

conjunction with silane coupl<strong>in</strong>g agents, especially s<strong>in</strong>ce some bond<strong>in</strong>g agents/ceramic primers (e.g., Clearfil<br />

SE Bond/Porcela<strong>in</strong> Bond Activator) conta<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> same adhesive phosphate monomer MDP.<br />

Objectives: This study evaluated shear bond strength <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> res<strong>in</strong> cements Panavia F (Kuraray) and RelyX ARC<br />

(<strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>) <strong>in</strong> comb<strong>in</strong>ation with <strong>the</strong> ceramic primers/bond<strong>in</strong>g agents Clearfil SE Bond/Clearfil Porclea<strong>in</strong> Bond<br />

Activator(CSB/PBA, Kuraray) and Ceramic Primer/S<strong>in</strong>gle Bond (CP/SB, <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>) to sandblasted Procera<br />

AllZirkon <strong>in</strong>taglio surface after long-term storage and <strong>the</strong>rmocycl<strong>in</strong>g.<br />

Methods: 40 Procera AllZirkon specimens were sandblasted and composite-res<strong>in</strong> cyl<strong>in</strong>ders were bonded to <strong>the</strong><br />

ceramic surface with <strong>the</strong> follow<strong>in</strong>g material comb<strong>in</strong>ations: Group A (Panavia/no bond), Group B<br />

(Panavia/CSB/PBA), Group C (RelyX ARC/CP/SB), Group D (RelyX ARC/CSB/PBA). After storage <strong>in</strong><br />

distilled water for 180 d and repeated <strong>the</strong>rmocycl<strong>in</strong>g for 12,000 cycles, shear bond strength was tested <strong>in</strong> an<br />

Instron universal test<strong>in</strong>g mach<strong>in</strong>e. Data were analyzed us<strong>in</strong>g one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple<br />

comparison (a=0.05). Failure modes were exam<strong>in</strong>ed with a light microscope.<br />

Results: Mean shear bond strengths were for Group D 25.1 MPa, for Group groups C (16.9 MPa) and A (17.4<br />

MPa). Group B (20.1 MPa) ranked just below Group D but produced bond strengths that were not statistically<br />

different from <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r groups.<br />

Conclusion: The MDP-conta<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g ceramic primer/bond<strong>in</strong>g agent CSB/PBA provides superior long-term res<strong>in</strong><br />

bond <strong>in</strong> comb<strong>in</strong>ation with ei<strong>the</strong>r Panavia F or RelyX ARC when bonded to Procera AllZirkon <strong>in</strong>taglio surfaces.<br />

Aim <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Study: This study compares <strong>the</strong> bond strength <strong>of</strong> Panavia and RelyX ARC to Procera specimen<br />

when different ceramic pre-treatments were used. The tests were evaluated after water storage and<br />

<strong>the</strong>rmocycl<strong>in</strong>g.<br />

Ziel der Studie: Diese Studie vergleicht den adhäsiven Verbund von Procera Keramikproben mit Panavia und<br />

RelyX ARC <strong>in</strong> Abhängigkeit der Vorbehandlung der Keramikoberfläche. Alle Proben wurden nach<br />

Wasserlagerung und Thermowechsellast untersucht.<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

88


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 RelyX ARC<br />

2584<br />

Long-term Res<strong>in</strong> Bond Strength to Procera AllZirkon<br />

A. SADAN, Louisiana State University School <strong>of</strong> Dentistry, New Orleans,<br />

USA, and M.B. BLATZ, Louisiana State University School <strong>of</strong> Dentistry, New<br />

Orleans, USA<br />

Results: Procera pretreatment with <strong>the</strong> Clearfil ceramic bond and primer system and luted with RelyX ARC<br />

showed <strong>the</strong> best results.<br />

Ergebnisse: Die Vorbehandlung von Procera mit dem Clearfil Keramikbond und –primer System und die<br />

anschließende Zementierung mit RelyX ARC erzielte die höchsten Verbundstärken.<br />

[MPa]<br />

28<br />

26<br />

24<br />

22<br />

20<br />

18<br />

16<br />

14<br />

12<br />

10<br />

8<br />

6<br />

4<br />

2<br />

0<br />

Bond Strength to Procera<br />

RelyX ARC /CSB/PBA RelyX ARC/CP/SB Panavia/no bond Panavia/CSB/PBA<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

89


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

AADR 2003 Ketac Cem<br />

0610<br />

Cl<strong>in</strong>ical Investigations on Conventionally Cemented All-ceramic Posts<br />

F.P. NOTHDURFT, and P.R. POSPIECH, Saarland University/Homburg,<br />

Homburg/Saar, Germany<br />

Objectives: In spite <strong>of</strong> poor scientific knowledge about <strong>the</strong> efficiency <strong>of</strong> us<strong>in</strong>g bond<strong>in</strong>g agents on endodontic<br />

surfaces lut<strong>in</strong>g with adhesive res<strong>in</strong> cements is <strong>the</strong> most common way to fix all-ceramic posts <strong>in</strong> root canals. The<br />

aim <strong>of</strong> this study was to evaluate <strong>the</strong> cl<strong>in</strong>ical performance <strong>of</strong> conventionally cemented zirconia posts.<br />

Method: 30 nonvital teeth <strong>in</strong> 22 patients were treated with zirconia posts (Cosmopost or Cerapost). With <strong>the</strong><br />

exception <strong>of</strong> 3 teeth, where posts served as post-endodontic stabilization all teeth were restored with all-ceramic<br />

post-and-cores (zirconia post comb<strong>in</strong>ed with a core from pressed glass ceramics (IPS Empress Cosmo)) and IPS<br />

Empress crowns. All restorations were fixed with a glass ionomer cement (Ketac Cem) or a hybrid-ionomer<br />

cement (ProTec Cem).<br />

Result: The mean observation period was 29 month ( Max. 44 / M<strong>in</strong>. 8 ). No losses <strong>of</strong> retention or fractures<br />

could be observed.<br />

Conclusions: Consider<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> relatively short observation period, no signs <strong>of</strong> a higher failure risk <strong>of</strong><br />

conventionally cemented compared to adhesive fixed all-ceramic posts could be found.<br />

Central <strong>in</strong>cisor Lateral <strong>in</strong>cisor Premolar Molar<br />

Maxilla 15 10 2 1<br />

Mandible 1 1 - -<br />

Table 1: Restored Teeth<br />

Month 6 -11 12 - 17 18 - 23 24 - 29 30 - 35 36 - 41 42 - 47<br />

Teeth 3 5 2 1 7 7 5<br />

Table 2: Observation Periods<br />

Aim <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Study: The cementation <strong>of</strong> zirconia posts can be done adhesively or conventionally. Goal <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

current study was to evaluate <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>fluence <strong>of</strong> conventional cementation with a glass ionomer cement on <strong>the</strong> loss<br />

rate.<br />

Ziel der Studie: Die Zementierung von Zirkoniumstiften kann adhäsiv und konventionell erfolgen. Ziel dieser<br />

kl<strong>in</strong>ischen Studie ist zu klären, <strong>in</strong>wieweit e<strong>in</strong>e konventionelle Zementierung mit e<strong>in</strong>em Glasionomer die<br />

Verlustrate bee<strong>in</strong>flusst.<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

90


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

AADR 2003 Ketac Cem<br />

0610<br />

Cl<strong>in</strong>ical Investigations on Conventionally Cemented All-ceramic Posts<br />

F.P. NOTHDURFT, and P.R. POSPIECH, Saarland University/Homburg,<br />

Homburg/Saar, Germany<br />

Results: With<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> observation period <strong>of</strong> 29 months <strong>in</strong> average no failure was observed <strong>in</strong> nei<strong>the</strong>r group. Ketac<br />

Cem as a conventional lut<strong>in</strong>g cement performed as well as <strong>the</strong> cementations based on <strong>the</strong> adhesive technique.<br />

Ergebnisse: Innerhalb der Beobachtungszeit von durchschnittlich 29 Monaten erzielte Ketac Cem dieselben<br />

guten kl<strong>in</strong>ischen Ergebnisse wie die Zementierung auf adhäsive Art. Es wurde <strong>in</strong> ke<strong>in</strong>er Gruppe Verluste<br />

beobachtet.<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

91


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 Ketac Cem µ<br />

0843<br />

Cl<strong>in</strong>ical Performance <strong>of</strong> All-ceramic Cantilever Fixed Partial Dentures --<br />

Basel<strong>in</strong>e Report<br />

R.A. JENATSCHKE, and S. RINKE, Private practice, Hanau, Germany<br />

Objectives: This study evaluates <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>itial cl<strong>in</strong>ical performance <strong>of</strong> all-ceramic cantilever fixed partial dentures<br />

manufactured with a CAM-system (Cercon system, Degussa Dental, Germany) <strong>in</strong> a private practice.<br />

Methods: From June to December 2002, 11 three-unit cantilever bridges (with one mesial or distal premolar<br />

extension) were placed <strong>in</strong> 9 patients. All restorations had a m<strong>in</strong>imum framework thickness <strong>of</strong> 0.4 mm and<br />

connector areas rang<strong>in</strong>g from 7-9 mm². All restorations were luted temporarily by us<strong>in</strong>g a eugnol-free Lut<strong>in</strong>g<br />

agent (Temp-Bond NE, Kerr GmbH, Germany) for a period <strong>of</strong> 2 to 4 weeks. A glass-ionomer cement (Ketac-<br />

Cem µ, <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>, Germany) was used for permanent Lut<strong>in</strong>g. Evaluation parameters were loss <strong>of</strong> retention<br />

dur<strong>in</strong>g temporary cementation, fracture <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> framework or chipp<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> veneer<strong>in</strong>g material dur<strong>in</strong>g removal<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> restoration prior to permanent cementation. Moreover, <strong>the</strong> color match, marg<strong>in</strong>al <strong>in</strong>tegrity, and<br />

postoperative sensitivity were recorded at basel<strong>in</strong>e (7 to 21 days after permanent cementation) accord<strong>in</strong>g to<br />

modified Ryge criteria.<br />

Results: No loss <strong>of</strong> retention occurred with <strong>the</strong> temporarily luted restorations. Also no chipp<strong>in</strong>gs <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

veneer<strong>in</strong>g material or damage <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> framework occurred dur<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> removal prior to permanent cementation.<br />

No post-operative sensitivity was recorded at basel<strong>in</strong>e. The marg<strong>in</strong>al <strong>in</strong>tegrity was Alpha for 18 abutments, and<br />

Bravo for 4 abutments. The color match was rated Alpha for 10 restorations and Bravo for 1.<br />

Conclusions: Consider<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> limited number <strong>of</strong> restorations under risk a temporary cementation <strong>of</strong> zirconiabased<br />

cantilever bridges seems to cause no <strong>in</strong>creased risk <strong>of</strong> a loss <strong>of</strong> retention or an <strong>in</strong>creased risk <strong>of</strong> porcela<strong>in</strong><br />

chipp<strong>in</strong>g and framework damage dur<strong>in</strong>g removal. The mach<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g precision <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> CAM system used (Cercon<br />

system) is sufficient to produce a good marg<strong>in</strong>al <strong>in</strong>tegrity, even with <strong>the</strong> complex framework design <strong>of</strong> a<br />

cantilever FPD. Conventional cementation with a glass-ionomer cement shows no <strong>in</strong>creased risk <strong>of</strong> postoperative<br />

sensitivity.<br />

Aim <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Study: This study evaluated <strong>the</strong> cl<strong>in</strong>ical performance <strong>of</strong> all-ceramic cantilever fixed partial dentures<br />

permanently cemented with <strong>the</strong> glass ionomer Ketac Cem µ. Post-operative sensitivities were evaluated at<br />

basel<strong>in</strong>e.<br />

Ziel der Studie: Untersucht wurde das kl<strong>in</strong>ische Verhalten von Vollkeramik Cantilever Brücken, die mit dem<br />

Glasionomerzement Ketac Cem µ e<strong>in</strong>gesetzt wurden. Bei der Basel<strong>in</strong>e Untersuchung wurde besonderes<br />

Augenmerk auf die Fragestellung gelegt, <strong>in</strong>wieweit post operativen Sensitivitäten auftreten.<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

92


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 Ketac Cem µ<br />

0843<br />

Cl<strong>in</strong>ical Performance <strong>of</strong> All-ceramic Cantilever Fixed Partial Dentures --<br />

Basel<strong>in</strong>e Report<br />

R.A. JENATSCHKE, and S. RINKE, Private practice, Hanau, Germany<br />

Results: At basel<strong>in</strong>e no <strong>in</strong>creased risk <strong>of</strong> los<strong>in</strong>g retention or <strong>of</strong> fractures was detected. Fur<strong>the</strong>rmore no post<br />

operative sensitivities were observed with Ketac Cem µ. The authors judge <strong>the</strong> usage <strong>of</strong> Ketac Cem µ as<br />

appropriate.<br />

Ergebnisse: Bei der Basel<strong>in</strong>e Untersuchung wurde ke<strong>in</strong>erlei erhöhte Risiken bezüglich Retentionsverlust oder<br />

Frakturen festgestellt. Es traten ke<strong>in</strong>e post operativen Sensitivitäten auf. Die Autoren werten die Verwendung<br />

von Ketac Cem µ als geeignet.<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

93


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

AADR 2003 Protemp 3 Garant & S<strong>of</strong>-Lex<br />

0618<br />

The Effects <strong>of</strong> Various F<strong>in</strong>ish<strong>in</strong>g and Polish<strong>in</strong>g Procedures on <strong>the</strong> Surface<br />

Roughness <strong>of</strong> Five Composite Provisional Materials<br />

A.I. ZEEVI, D.C. GURUN, A.-M.L. NEME, F.E. PINK, and J.B. LINGER,<br />

University <strong>of</strong> Detroit Mercy, MI, USA<br />

New provisional materials are available which require surface evaluation.<br />

Objectives: The purpose <strong>of</strong> this <strong>in</strong>vestigation was to determ<strong>in</strong>e <strong>the</strong> effect <strong>of</strong> four f<strong>in</strong>ish<strong>in</strong>g and polish<strong>in</strong>g<br />

systems on <strong>the</strong> surface roughness (Ra) <strong>of</strong> five composite provisional materials.<br />

Methods: Twelve two-sided samples were prepared for each material (Integrity, Luxatemp, Protemp 3 Garant,<br />

Revotek LC, Temphase) aga<strong>in</strong>st a cop<strong>in</strong>g (basel<strong>in</strong>e). Each surface was measured for Ra us<strong>in</strong>g a Surfanalyzer?<br />

5400 pr<strong>of</strong>ilometer. Six samples were f<strong>in</strong>ished with each <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> four f<strong>in</strong>ish<strong>in</strong>g systems (Acrylic Bur, Enhance,<br />

Kerr f<strong>in</strong>ish<strong>in</strong>g burs, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex) and <strong>the</strong> Ra was measured. Then polished with recommended system and f<strong>in</strong>al<br />

measurement recorded. Data were analyzed us<strong>in</strong>g repeated measures ANOVA at µ =0.05.<br />

Results: There were significant differences among materials and among f<strong>in</strong>ish<strong>in</strong>g systems. The order <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>in</strong>creas<strong>in</strong>g roughness follow<strong>in</strong>g f<strong>in</strong>ish<strong>in</strong>g was; S (0.45 µm), K (0.59 µm), E (0.94 µm), A (1.47 µm). R was<br />

significantly rougher than each <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r materials. There was a significant difference <strong>in</strong> Ra between basel<strong>in</strong>e,<br />

f<strong>in</strong>ish<strong>in</strong>g and polish<strong>in</strong>g.<br />

Conclusions: Res<strong>in</strong> composite f<strong>in</strong>ish<strong>in</strong>g systems produced significantly smoo<strong>the</strong>r surfaces than traditional<br />

acrylic f<strong>in</strong>ish<strong>in</strong>g systems; however, Ra was significantly improved follow<strong>in</strong>g polish<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> each f<strong>in</strong>ish<strong>in</strong>g<br />

sequence. Supported <strong>in</strong> part by UDMSD student project grant.<br />

Average Ra values <strong>in</strong> µm (SD).<br />

F<strong>in</strong>ish<br />

F<strong>in</strong>ish and Polish<br />

A E K S A E K S<br />

I 1.36 (.32) 0.82 (.19) 0.48 (.16) 0.36 (.16) 0.52 (.13) 0.48 (.20) 0.41 (.13) 0.23 (.11)<br />

L 1.15 (.37) 0.75 (.18) 0.41 (.12) 0.38 (.11) 0.50 (.14) 0.46 (.18) 0.34 (.08) 0.22 (.06)<br />

P 1.60 (.37) 1.00 (.28) 0.60 (.38) 0.53 (.28) 0.46 (.14) 0.59 (.38) 0.42 (.19) 0.22 (.11)<br />

R 1.37 (.38) 1.36 (.23) 1.03 (.55) 0.40 (.31) 0.68 (.20) 1.07 (.44) 0.55 (.22) 0.22 (.09)<br />

T 1.89 (.67) 0.76 (.30) 0.45 (.23) 0.59 (.27) 0.33 (.13) 0.39 (.23) 0.29 (.09) 0.24 (.09)<br />

Aim <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Study: Different polish<strong>in</strong>g systems were used to evaluate <strong>the</strong> surface roughness <strong>of</strong> a variety <strong>of</strong><br />

provisional crown and bridge materials.<br />

Ziel der Studie: Die Oberflächenrauigkeit nach Politur von provisorischen Kronen- und Brückenmaterialen mit<br />

unterschiedlichen Poliersystemen war Gegenstand dieser Studie.<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

94


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

AADR 2003 Protemp 3 Garant & S<strong>of</strong>-Lex<br />

0618<br />

The Effects <strong>of</strong> Various F<strong>in</strong>ish<strong>in</strong>g and Polish<strong>in</strong>g Procedures on <strong>the</strong> Surface<br />

Roughness <strong>of</strong> Five Composite Provisional Materials<br />

A.I. ZEEVI, D.C. GURUN, A.-M.L. NEME, F.E. PINK, and J.B. LINGER,<br />

University <strong>of</strong> Detroit Mercy, MI, USA<br />

Results: Revotek LC showed <strong>in</strong> all cases rougher surfaces than <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r tested materials. Us<strong>in</strong>g S<strong>of</strong>-Lex<br />

polish<strong>in</strong>g system resulted <strong>in</strong> smoo<strong>the</strong>r surfaces <strong>in</strong> all cases.<br />

Ergebnisse: Revotek LC zeigte bei allen Politurmethoden rauhere Oberflächen als alle anderen getesteten<br />

Materialien. Mit dem S<strong>of</strong>-Lex Poliersystem konnten bei allen provisorischen Kunstst<strong>of</strong>fen die jeweils<br />

niedrigsten Rauhigkeiten generiert werden.<br />

[µm]<br />

2,6<br />

2,4<br />

2,2<br />

2<br />

1,8<br />

1,6<br />

1,4<br />

1,2<br />

1<br />

0,8<br />

0,6<br />

0,4<br />

0,2<br />

0<br />

Integrity Luxatemp Protemp 3 Garant Revotek LC Temphase<br />

Surface Roughness<br />

Ra after f<strong>in</strong>ish<strong>in</strong>g<br />

Acrylic Bur Enhance Kerr f<strong>in</strong>ish<strong>in</strong>g burs S<strong>of</strong>-Lex<br />

F<strong>in</strong>ish<strong>in</strong>g system<br />

[µm]<br />

2,6<br />

2,4<br />

2,2<br />

2<br />

1,8<br />

1,6<br />

1,4<br />

1,2<br />

1<br />

0,8<br />

0,6<br />

0,4<br />

0,2<br />

0<br />

Integrity Luxatemp Protemp 3 Garant Revotek LC Temphase<br />

Surface Roughness<br />

Ra after f<strong>in</strong>ish<strong>in</strong>g and polish<strong>in</strong>g<br />

Acrylic Bur Enhance Kerr f<strong>in</strong>ish<strong>in</strong>g burs S<strong>of</strong>-Lex<br />

F<strong>in</strong>ish<strong>in</strong>g and polish<strong>in</strong>g system<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

95


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 Protemp 3 Garant<br />

1517<br />

In vitro Fracture Resistance <strong>of</strong> Completed Provisional 3-unit Bridges<br />

R. LANG, M. ROSENTRITT, M. BEHR, and G. HANDEL, University <strong>of</strong><br />

Regensburg, Germany<br />

Objectives: The aim <strong>of</strong> this study was to determ<strong>in</strong>e <strong>the</strong> fracture resistance after completion <strong>of</strong> provisional 3-unit<br />

bridges.<br />

Methods: 120 FPDs were manufactured <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> materials Luxatemp (DMG, G), Protemp 3 Garant (<strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>,<br />

G), Temphase (Kerr, USA), Trim (Bosworth, USA) and Provipont (Ivoclar-Vivadent, FL) accord<strong>in</strong>g due <strong>the</strong><br />

manufacturers <strong>in</strong>structions. Incomplete FPD were simulated by omitt<strong>in</strong>g a gap (6x3,5x3mm) <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> center <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

pontic. The bridges were completed with A) genu<strong>in</strong>e provisional crown & bridge material and B) low viscosity<br />

composite. Fracture resistance was determ<strong>in</strong>ed with a steel ball <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> center <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> pontic (Zwick 1446, G,<br />

v=1mm/m<strong>in</strong>). Failure determ<strong>in</strong>ation was set to a 10% loss <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> maximum load<strong>in</strong>g force or a bend<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> 2mm.<br />

A control group without completion was provided. Statistics: One-way Anova (P=0.05).<br />

Results:<br />

FR [N] mean ± s.d. Luxatemp Protemp 3 Garant Temphase Trim Provipont<br />

Control 898±174 1258±159 746±151 655±77 1249±282<br />

Genu<strong>in</strong>e Completion 787±171 1145±167 866±272 680±138 1604±154<br />

Composite Completion 840±228 1227±184 813±190 541±81 1400±491<br />

Conclusions: The Protemp 3 Garant control group showed <strong>the</strong> highest fracture resistance. For <strong>the</strong> light cur<strong>in</strong>g<br />

Provipont <strong>the</strong> highest flexural strength could be determ<strong>in</strong>ed for both completion groups. Luxatemp and<br />

Temphase showed comparable results, whereas for Trim lowest fracture values with extreme bend<strong>in</strong>g were<br />

found. Provipont and Protemp 3 Garant showed highest fracture resistance, which is sufficient for posterior<br />

bridge application.<br />

Aim <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Study: The evaluation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fracture resistance <strong>of</strong> different provisional crown and bridge materials<br />

us<strong>in</strong>g three unit bridges was <strong>the</strong> goal <strong>of</strong> this study. Fur<strong>the</strong>rmore <strong>the</strong> ability to complete or repair <strong>the</strong> systems was<br />

an additional aspect. The cl<strong>in</strong>ical situation was simulated <strong>in</strong> two ways: use <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> temporary material itself or<br />

completion with a flowable composite.<br />

Ziel der Studie: Die Bruchfestigkeit von provisorischen Kronen- und Brückenmaterialien wurde anhand<br />

dreigliedriger Brücken untersucht. Darüber h<strong>in</strong>aus wurde die kl<strong>in</strong>ische Situation der Ergänzung und Reparatur<br />

von provisorischen Brücken simuliert und die Änderung der Bruchfestigkeit eruiert. Hierbei wurden die<br />

Provisorienmaterialien selbst und flowable Composite zum E<strong>in</strong>satz gebracht.<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

96


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 Protemp 3 Garant<br />

1517<br />

In vitro Fracture Resistance <strong>of</strong> Completed Provisional 3-unit Bridges<br />

R. LANG, M. ROSENTRITT, M. BEHR, and G. HANDEL, University <strong>of</strong><br />

Regensburg, Germany<br />

Results: Protemp 3 Garant and Provipont showed <strong>the</strong> highest values <strong>in</strong> fracture resistance and behaved most<br />

stable.<br />

Ergebnisse: Protemp 3 Garant und Provipont zeigten die höchsten Werte und erwiesen sich somit als am<br />

stabilsten.<br />

2000<br />

Control (Basel<strong>in</strong>e) Genu<strong>in</strong>e completion Composite completion<br />

1750<br />

Fracture Resistance <strong>of</strong> Three-Unit Bridges<br />

1500<br />

1250<br />

[N]<br />

1000<br />

750<br />

500<br />

250<br />

0<br />

Provipont Luxatemp Temphase Trim Protemp 3 Garant<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

97


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 Filtek Supreme<br />

0381<br />

Mechanical Properties and Wear <strong>of</strong> Restorative Composites<br />

S. SCHULTZ 1 , M. ROSENTRITT 2 , M. BEHR 2 , and G. HANDEL 2 , 1 Cl<strong>in</strong>ic <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> University <strong>of</strong> Regensburg, Germany, 2 University <strong>of</strong> Regensburg, Germany<br />

Objectives: The aim <strong>of</strong> this <strong>in</strong>vestigation was to determ<strong>in</strong>e <strong>the</strong> three-body wear <strong>of</strong> restorative materials.<br />

Correlations with Vickers hardness and fracture toughness were <strong>in</strong>vestigated.<br />

Methods: 7 samples were made <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> restorative materials Filtek Supreme "FS", Filtek Z 250 "FZ250" (both<br />

<strong>3M</strong> Espe, G), Compoglass "CG", Heliomolar "HE", InTenS "IT" (all Ivoclar-Vivadent, FL), Spectrum "SP"<br />

(Dentsply DeTrey, G) and <strong>the</strong> reference veneer<strong>in</strong>g composite S<strong>in</strong>fony "SIN" (<strong>3M</strong> Espe) accord<strong>in</strong>g to <strong>the</strong><br />

manufactures <strong>in</strong>structions (Elipar Trilight, <strong>3M</strong> Espe, G). Three body wear test<strong>in</strong>g was performed and wear was<br />

determ<strong>in</strong>ed after 200,000 wear cycles (ACTA Willytec, G, sample 130r/m<strong>in</strong>: antagonist 60 r/m<strong>in</strong>, 15N) us<strong>in</strong>g a<br />

mixed millet sheet – rice food bolus. The wear trace was measured <strong>in</strong> comparison to <strong>the</strong> unworn surface<br />

(Perthometer S6P, Mahr-Fe<strong>in</strong>prüf, G) and <strong>the</strong> wear factor was calculated <strong>in</strong> relation to <strong>the</strong> reference material.<br />

Vickers hardness (Zwick, G; 0.2kg/60s, DIN 50133) and <strong>the</strong> fracture toughness (K 1 C) were determ<strong>in</strong>ed.<br />

Statistics: One-Way-ANOVA (p=0.05)<br />

Results:<br />

Mean stdv F S F Z250 CG HE IT SP SIN<br />

Wear factor 0.49±0.7 0.62±0.09 0.97±0.09 0.95±0.04 0.92±0.11 0.92±0.14 1.00<br />

Hardness [HV] 30±2 68±4 35±5 21±1 43±2 59±5 19±1<br />

K1C [MPa m1/2] 0.9±0.1 1.7±0.4 1.4±0.9 1.3±1.1 1.5±1.3 2.3±0.5 1.3±0.3<br />

Conclusions: Significant differences were found between wear factor and fracture toughness <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tested<br />

materials. Lowest wear factors could be determ<strong>in</strong>ed for FS and F Z250. All restorative materials showed lower<br />

wear <strong>in</strong> comparison to <strong>the</strong> reference veneer<strong>in</strong>g material.<br />

Aim <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Study: The aim <strong>of</strong> this <strong>in</strong>vestigation was to determ<strong>in</strong>e <strong>the</strong> three-body wear <strong>of</strong> restorative materials.<br />

Correlations with Vickers hardness and fracture resistance were <strong>in</strong>vestigated.<br />

Ziel der Studie: Ziel der Studie war es den 3-Medien-Verschleiss von Restaurationsmaterialien zu untersuchen.<br />

Die Korrelationen zu Vickershärte und Bruchfestigkeit wurden untersucht.<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

98


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 Filtek Supreme<br />

0381<br />

Mechanical Properties and Wear <strong>of</strong> Restorative Composites<br />

S. SCHULTZ 1 , M. ROSENTRITT 2 , M. BEHR 2 , and G. HANDEL 2 , 1 Cl<strong>in</strong>ic <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> University <strong>of</strong> Regensburg, Germany, 2 University <strong>of</strong> Regensburg, Germany<br />

Results: Like shown <strong>in</strong> table above. Lowest wear factors could be determ<strong>in</strong>ed for Filtek Supreme and Filtek<br />

Z250.<br />

Ergebnisse: Wie <strong>in</strong> oben stehender Tabelle wiedergegeben. Filtek Supreme und Filtek Z250 zeigten den<br />

ger<strong>in</strong>gsten Verschleiß.<br />

1<br />

0,8<br />

Wear Factor<br />

0,6<br />

0,4<br />

0,2<br />

0<br />

Supreme Z250 Compoglass Heliomolar InTens Spectrum S<strong>in</strong>fony<br />

Note: <strong>the</strong> lower <strong>the</strong> better.<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

99


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 Filtek Supreme<br />

1475<br />

Filtek Supreme Composite Res<strong>in</strong>, 6 Month Cl<strong>in</strong>ical Evaluation<br />

J.R. DUNN* 1 , C.A. MUNOZ 1 , A. WILSON 1 , R. RANDALL 2 , 1 Loma L<strong>in</strong>da<br />

University, Loma L<strong>in</strong>da, CA, USA, 2 <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> Dental <strong>Products</strong>, St. Paul, MN,<br />

USA<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert ??????????????<br />

Objectives: This Cl<strong>in</strong>ical Trial evaluated <strong>the</strong> cl<strong>in</strong>ical performance <strong>of</strong> a new polychromatic, nano-particle filled<br />

composite res<strong>in</strong> (Filtek Supreme: <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>) at six months.<br />

Methods: Forty-four restorations (Cl 5, Cl 4, Diastema Closure, Incisal Edge repair, Facial Veneer) were placed<br />

<strong>in</strong> Maxillary <strong>in</strong>cisors and Can<strong>in</strong>es, <strong>in</strong> 28 subjects. Follow<strong>in</strong>g cavity preparation <strong>the</strong> teeth were etched, restored,<br />

and polished follow<strong>in</strong>g manufacturer’s <strong>in</strong>structions. Marg<strong>in</strong>al adaptation (MA), Anatomic Form (AF), color<br />

match (CM), secondary caries (SC) marg<strong>in</strong>al discoloration (MD) and polishability (PO) were evaluated. At six<br />

months, us<strong>in</strong>g a modified USPHS grad<strong>in</strong>g systems <strong>the</strong> follow<strong>in</strong>g results were found <strong>in</strong> percentages (%)<br />

(BL=Base L<strong>in</strong>e):<br />

Results:<br />

MA AF CM SC MD PO<br />

BL 6M BL 6M BL 6M BL 6M BL 6M BL 6M<br />

Alpha 98 98 100 100 80 82 100 100 100 100 100 100<br />

Bravo 2 2 0 0 18 6 0 0 0 0 0 0<br />

Charlie 0 0 0 0 2 12 0 0 0 0 0 0<br />

Delta 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0<br />

Conclusions: At <strong>the</strong> 6-Month recall: 1) all categories except CM were unchanged from basel<strong>in</strong>e; 2) CM showed<br />

a decrease <strong>in</strong> color match for 10 % <strong>of</strong> restorations, and 3) Overall cl<strong>in</strong>ical performance is acceptable for rout<strong>in</strong>e<br />

cl<strong>in</strong>ical use. Study supported by <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong><br />

Aim <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Study: The objective <strong>of</strong> this cl<strong>in</strong>ical trial was to evaluate <strong>the</strong> cl<strong>in</strong>ical performance <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Nano-<br />

Composite <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> Filtek Supreme at 6 months with regard to marg<strong>in</strong>al adaptation, anatomic form, color<br />

match, secondary caries, marg<strong>in</strong>al discoloration and polishability, us<strong>in</strong>g modified USPHS criteria.<br />

Ziel der Studie: Ziel der kl<strong>in</strong>ischen Studie war es, das kl<strong>in</strong>ische Verhalten des Nanocomposites <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong><br />

Filtek Supreme nach 6 Monaten mit Hilfe modifizierter USPHS-Kriterien zu beurteilen im H<strong>in</strong>blick auf die<br />

marg<strong>in</strong>ale Adaptation, anatomische Form, Farbübere<strong>in</strong>stimmung, Randverfärbung und Polierbarkeit.<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

100


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 Filtek Supreme<br />

1475<br />

Filtek Supreme Composite Res<strong>in</strong>, 6 Month Cl<strong>in</strong>ical Evaluation<br />

J.R. DUNN* 1 , C.A. MUNOZ 1 , A. WILSON 1 , R. RANDALL 2 , 1 Loma L<strong>in</strong>da<br />

University, Loma L<strong>in</strong>da, CA, USA, 2 <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> Dental <strong>Products</strong>, St. Paul, MN,<br />

USA<br />

ANMERKUNG<br />

Results: As shown <strong>in</strong> table above. All categories except color match were unchanged from basel<strong>in</strong>e. The overall<br />

cl<strong>in</strong>ical performance is acceptable for rout<strong>in</strong>e cl<strong>in</strong>ical use.<br />

Ergebnisse: Wie <strong>in</strong> oben stehender Tabelle gezeigt. Alle Kategorien mit Ausnahme der Farbübere<strong>in</strong>stimmung<br />

blieben im Vergleich zur Ausgangssituation unverändert. Insgesamt ist die kl<strong>in</strong>ische Leistungsfähigkeit<br />

akzeptabel für den rout<strong>in</strong>emäßigen kl<strong>in</strong>ischen E<strong>in</strong>satz.<br />

100<br />

MPa<br />

90<br />

80<br />

70<br />

Cl<strong>in</strong>ical Performance<br />

60<br />

50<br />

40<br />

30<br />

20<br />

10<br />

0<br />

Basel<strong>in</strong>e<br />

6 Months<br />

marg<strong>in</strong>al adaptation anatomic form color match seconday caries marg<strong>in</strong>al discoloration polishability<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

101


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 Filtek Supreme<br />

2928<br />

New Method to Characterize Gloss Retention <strong>of</strong> Dental Restorative<br />

Materials Us<strong>in</strong>g Atomic Force Microscopy<br />

S.B. MITRA 1 , D. WU 1 , V. JONES 2 , M.R.C. ATKINSON 2 , J. FULLER 1 , and<br />

B.N. HOLMES 1 , 1 <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> Dental <strong>Products</strong>, St. Paul, MN, USA, 2 <strong>3M</strong><br />

Corporate Analytical Technology Center, St. Paul, MN, USA<br />

Objectives: To develop a new method to characterize surface gloss <strong>of</strong> dental restorative materials us<strong>in</strong>g Atomic<br />

Force Microscopy and to study <strong>the</strong> long term gloss retention <strong>of</strong> several classes <strong>of</strong> dental composites. Materials:<br />

nanocomposite Filtek Supreme standard shade (FSS) and translucent shades (FST), hybrids TPH Spectrum<br />

(TPH) and Tetric Ceram (TC), microhybrid Es<strong>the</strong>tX (EX) and micr<strong>of</strong>ill FiltekA110 (A110).<br />

Methods: highly polished samples were tooth-brushed (TB) for 2000 strokes and <strong>the</strong> result<strong>in</strong>g gloss retention<br />

(GR) at 60 o was measured by a micro-tri-gloss <strong>in</strong>strument. The same samples were <strong>the</strong>n subjected to<br />

topographical study us<strong>in</strong>g an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) operated <strong>in</strong> contact-mode. For each sample, <strong>the</strong><br />

AFM topographical data was used to determ<strong>in</strong>e what <strong>the</strong> far-field optical <strong>in</strong>tensity pattern would be if <strong>the</strong><br />

sample were illum<strong>in</strong>ated with an ord<strong>in</strong>ary plane wave. The total <strong>in</strong>tensity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> central peak (TIC) corresponds<br />

to <strong>the</strong> specular reflection. The TIC value was compared with <strong>the</strong> correspond<strong>in</strong>g peak for a perfectly smooth<br />

sample to provide <strong>the</strong> Strehl ratio.<br />

Results: The table shows <strong>the</strong> GR at 2000 strokes <strong>of</strong> tooth-brush<strong>in</strong>g and <strong>the</strong> Strehl ratio, both measured at 60 o .<br />

Sample FST FSS TPH TC EX A110<br />

GR@2000 94.1 64.7 37.0 9.2 14.0 71.4<br />

Strehl ratio 0.978 0.464 0.186 0.143 0.197 0.902<br />

Conclusions: ANOVA analysis showed that at p


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 Filtek Supreme<br />

2928<br />

New Method to Characterize Gloss Retention <strong>of</strong> Dental Restorative<br />

Materials Us<strong>in</strong>g Atomic Force Microscopy<br />

S.B. MITRA1, D. WU1, V. JONES2, M.R.C. ATKINSON2, J. FULLER1, and<br />

B.N. HOLMES1, 1 <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> Dental <strong>Products</strong>, St. Paul, MN, USA, 2 <strong>3M</strong><br />

Corporate Analytical Technology Center, St. Paul, MN, USA<br />

Results: Filtek Supreme showed a superior polish retention after 2000 toothbrush strokes compared to <strong>the</strong><br />

hybrid and microhybrid materials tested. Filtek Supreme Translucent shade had better polish retention than <strong>the</strong><br />

micr<strong>of</strong>ill tested.<br />

Ergebnisse: Filtek Supreme zeigte e<strong>in</strong>e überlegene Politurbeständigkeit nach 2000 Zyklen Zahnbürstenabrasion<br />

im Vergleich zu Hybrid- und Mikrohybridcompositen. Die transluzenten Farben von Filtek Supreme hatten e<strong>in</strong>e<br />

bessere Politurbeständigkeit als das getestete Mikr<strong>of</strong>üllercomposit.<br />

MPa<br />

100<br />

90<br />

80<br />

70<br />

60<br />

50<br />

40<br />

30<br />

20<br />

10<br />

0<br />

Gloss Retention <strong>in</strong> % After<br />

2000 Strokes <strong>of</strong> Toothbrush<strong>in</strong>g<br />

FST FSS TPH TC EX A110<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

103


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

AADR 2003 Adper Prompt L-Pop<br />

0632<br />

Effects <strong>of</strong> Dent<strong>in</strong> Desensitiz<strong>in</strong>g Agents on Dent<strong>in</strong> Permeability Under<br />

Different Application Conditions<br />

K.-A. HILLER, A. SCHICKER, and G. SCHMALZ, University <strong>of</strong><br />

Regensburg, Germany<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert<br />

Objectives: The purpose <strong>of</strong> this study was to compare <strong>the</strong> reduction <strong>of</strong> dent<strong>in</strong> permeability us<strong>in</strong>g dent<strong>in</strong><br />

desensitiz<strong>in</strong>g agents under different application conditions.<br />

Methods: 120 dent<strong>in</strong> slices were cut from bov<strong>in</strong>e <strong>in</strong>cisor teeth. Pulp-fac<strong>in</strong>g surfaces were acid etched (30s, 50%<br />

citric acid), surfaces far from <strong>the</strong> pulp were ground (600 grit) to 500 µm thickness. Dent<strong>in</strong> permeability<br />

(hydraulic conductance,L p ,m 3 /Ns) us<strong>in</strong>g aqua bidest at 0.7 m H 2 O, was measured for each specimen at basel<strong>in</strong>e<br />

and after treatment us<strong>in</strong>g a split-chamber apparatus connected to a commercially available measurement unit<br />

(FloDec, DeMarco Eng<strong>in</strong>eer<strong>in</strong>g SA, Geneva). Materials were applied accord<strong>in</strong>g to manufactures’ <strong>in</strong>structions <strong>in</strong><br />

three different ways: (1-pressure) Under pulp pressure simulation <strong>of</strong> 0.3 m H 2 O from <strong>the</strong> pulpal side and dry<strong>in</strong>g<br />

(30s air), and no pulp pressure simulation dur<strong>in</strong>g application and (2-dry) dried (30s air) surface, or (3-moist)<br />

moist (remov<strong>in</strong>g water us<strong>in</strong>g a suction device, no air) surface. Slices served as <strong>the</strong>ir own controls. Materials<br />

tested comprised Gluma Desensitizer (Heraeus Kulzer, GD), Seal & Protect (Dentsply/DeTrey, SP), SuperSeal<br />

(Dexcel Pharma, SS), and Adper Prompt L-Pop (<strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>, AL). Test parameter was <strong>the</strong> percentage <strong>of</strong><br />

reduction (P-RED) <strong>of</strong> L p after treatment (100%=L p before treatment). Mann-Whitney Test (p


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

AADR 2003 Adper Prompt L-Pop<br />

0632<br />

Effects <strong>of</strong> Dent<strong>in</strong> Desensitiz<strong>in</strong>g Agents on Dent<strong>in</strong> Permeability Under<br />

Different Application Conditions<br />

K.-A. HILLER, A. SCHICKER, and G. SCHMALZ, University <strong>of</strong><br />

Regensburg, Germany<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert<br />

Aim <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Study: Tooth hypersensitivity e.g. <strong>in</strong> a cervical lesion can be elim<strong>in</strong>ated by reduc<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> dent<strong>in</strong><br />

permeability. Therefore it was <strong>the</strong> objective <strong>of</strong> this study to determ<strong>in</strong>e <strong>the</strong> reduction <strong>of</strong> dent<strong>in</strong> permeability after<br />

application <strong>of</strong> Adper Prompt L-Pop and desensitis<strong>in</strong>g agents under different application conditions.<br />

Ziel der Studie: Hypersensibilitäten z.B. im Zahnhalsbereich können durch Reduktion der Dent<strong>in</strong>permeabilität<br />

ausgeschaltet werden. Daher war es das Ziel der Studie, die Reduktion der Dent<strong>in</strong>permeabilität nach<br />

Anwendung von Adper Prompt L-Pop und „Desensitizern“ unter verschiedenen Applikationsbed<strong>in</strong>gungen zu<br />

bestimmen.<br />

Results: When applied on a dried dent<strong>in</strong> surface, Adper Prompt L-Pop showed <strong>the</strong> significantly highest<br />

reduction compared to all o<strong>the</strong>r treatment / material comb<strong>in</strong>ations. On moist dent<strong>in</strong> surfaces Adper Prompt L-<br />

Pop and Super Seal showed similar reductions, both be<strong>in</strong>g significantly higher compared to o<strong>the</strong>r materials.<br />

Ergebnisse: Adper Prompt L-Pop auf e<strong>in</strong>er getrockneten Dent<strong>in</strong>oberfläche zeigte die signifikant größte<br />

Reduktion der Dent<strong>in</strong>permeabilität im Vergleich zu allen anderen getesteten Materialien und Bed<strong>in</strong>gungen. Auf<br />

feuchten Dent<strong>in</strong>oberflächen zeigten Adper Prompt L-Pop und Super Seal vergleichbare Reduktionen, die <strong>in</strong><br />

beiden Fällen signifikant größer waren als die von Gluma Desensitizer und Seal & Protect.<br />

90%<br />

Adper Prompt Gluma Seal&Protect SuperSeal<br />

80%<br />

70%<br />

60%<br />

50%<br />

40%<br />

30%<br />

20%<br />

10%<br />

%<br />

Reduction<br />

pressure dry moist<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

105


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

AADR 2003 Adper Prompt L-Pop<br />

1628<br />

Interaction <strong>of</strong> a New Self-etch Adhesive with Enamel Us<strong>in</strong>g FESEM and<br />

µTBB<br />

J. PERDIGÃO 1 , M.M. LOPES 1 , S. GERALDELI 1 , and S. DUARTE, Jr. 2 ,<br />

1<br />

University <strong>of</strong> M<strong>in</strong>nesota School <strong>of</strong> Dentistry, M<strong>in</strong>neapolis, USA,<br />

2<br />

Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert KEINE GRAFIK VORHANDEN<br />

Objectives: To test <strong>the</strong> hypo<strong>the</strong>sis that a new self-etch adhesive, <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> Adper Prompt, results <strong>in</strong> enamel<br />

bond<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> same magnitude <strong>of</strong> two commercial self-etch adhesives (SEA).<br />

Methods: N<strong>in</strong>e third molars were used for µTBS and 3 molars were used to study <strong>the</strong> enamel etch<strong>in</strong>g pattern.<br />

Half <strong>of</strong> each proximal surface was roughened with a bur for 5 s (prep). The o<strong>the</strong>r surface was left <strong>in</strong>tact<br />

(unprep). Teeth were assigned to 3 SEA: Adper Prompt (ADP, <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>), Clearfil SE Bond (CSE, Kuraray),<br />

and Prompt L-Pop (PLP, <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>). For µTBS teeth were sectioned <strong>in</strong> X and Y directions to obta<strong>in</strong> sticks with<br />

a cross-sectional area <strong>of</strong> 0.7±0.2 mm 2 , which were tested <strong>in</strong> tension at a crosshead speed <strong>of</strong> 1 mm/m<strong>in</strong>. Statistics<br />

was computed us<strong>in</strong>g 2-way ANOVA and Duncan’s at p


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

AADR 2003 Adper Prompt L-Pop<br />

1628<br />

Interaction <strong>of</strong> a New Self-etch Adhesive with Enamel Us<strong>in</strong>g FESEM and<br />

µTBB<br />

J. PERDIGÃO 1 , M.M. LOPES 1 , S. GERALDELI 1 , and S. DUARTE, Jr. 2 ,<br />

1<br />

University <strong>of</strong> M<strong>in</strong>nesota School <strong>of</strong> Dentistry, M<strong>in</strong>neapolis, USA,<br />

2<br />

Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert KEINE GRAFIK VORHANDEN<br />

Aim <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Study: The objective <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> study was to measure <strong>the</strong> Microtensile Bond Strength <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> self-etch<br />

adhesive Adper Prompt L-Pop to prepared and unprepared enamel <strong>in</strong> comparison with <strong>the</strong> self-etch adhesives<br />

Clearfil SE Bond and Prompt L-Pop.<br />

Ziel der Studie: Ziel der Studie war es, die Microtensile Haftfestigkeit des selbstätzenden Adper Prompt L-Pop<br />

auf präpariertem und unpräpariertem Schmelz zu messen im Vergleich zu den selbstätzenden Adhäsiven<br />

Clearfil SE Bond und Prompt L-Pop.<br />

Results: Microtensile Bond Strength data are shown <strong>in</strong> table above. Superscript letters <strong>in</strong>dicate no statistical<br />

difference. Mean enamel Microtensile Bond Strength for <strong>the</strong> new self-etch<strong>in</strong>g adhesive Adper Prompt L-Pop are<br />

similar or higher than those <strong>of</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r self-etch materials when applied on <strong>in</strong>strumented enamel.<br />

Ergebnisse: Die Microtensilen Haftfestigkeitswerte s<strong>in</strong>d <strong>in</strong> oben stehender Tabelle wiedergegeben. Die<br />

hochgestellten Buchstaben bedeuten ke<strong>in</strong>e statistisch signifikante Differenz. Für das neue selbstätzende Adhäs<strong>in</strong><br />

Adper Prompt L-Pop s<strong>in</strong>d die mittleren Mikrotensilen Haftfestigkeiten auf präpariertem Schmelz vergleichbar<br />

oder höher als die von Prompt L-Pop oder Clearfil SE.<br />

MPa<br />

35<br />

prepared enamel<br />

unprepared enamel<br />

30<br />

25<br />

Microtensile Bond Strength<br />

20<br />

15<br />

10<br />

5<br />

0<br />

Prompt L-Pop Adper Prompt Clearfil SE<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

107


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

AADR 2003 Adper Prompt L-Pop<br />

1630<br />

Bond Strength <strong>of</strong> One-step and Two-step Res<strong>in</strong> Adhesive Systems to<br />

Enamel and Dent<strong>in</strong><br />

T. KIMISHIMA 1 , Y. NARA 1 , S. OSHITA 1 , T. MASEKI 1 , T. SUZUKI 1 ,<br />

I. KIZUKI 1 , H. TANAKA 1 , and L. DOGON 2 , 1 The Nippon Dental University,<br />

Tokyo, Japan, 2 Harvard School <strong>of</strong> Dental Medic<strong>in</strong>e, Boston, USA<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert<br />

Objectives: Purpose <strong>of</strong> this study was to exam<strong>in</strong>e <strong>the</strong> tensile bond strength <strong>of</strong> one-step (Adper Prompt L-Pop<br />

Self-Etch Adhesive (<strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>);AL, Prompt L-Pop(<strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>);PL, AQ Bond(Sun Medical);AQ, One-Up Bond<br />

F (Tokuyama);OB) and two-step res<strong>in</strong> adhesive systems(Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray);SE, S<strong>in</strong>gle Bond (<strong>3M</strong><br />

<strong>ESPE</strong>);SB) to enamel and dent<strong>in</strong>e <strong>of</strong> extracted human premolars us<strong>in</strong>g an orig<strong>in</strong>al Portable Adhesion<br />

Tester;(Nara et al., J. Dent Res. 75, SI #2943, 1996).<br />

Methods: A wedge shaped cavity was prepared <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> cervical <strong>of</strong> tooth. Enamel bond strength (E) test; was<br />

performed at beveled enamel prepared 2.0mm <strong>in</strong> width at occlusal marg<strong>in</strong> (n=8). Dent<strong>in</strong>e bond strength (D) test;<br />

at <strong>the</strong> g<strong>in</strong>gival dent<strong>in</strong>e wall (n=8). The system was applied to E or D follow<strong>in</strong>g manufacturer's direction. Each<br />

system was comb<strong>in</strong>ed with <strong>the</strong> same orig<strong>in</strong>al composite res<strong>in</strong> (Kuraray) for <strong>the</strong> tester. The data were statistically<br />

analyzed us<strong>in</strong>g ANOVA and Tukey's q-Test.<br />

Results: Mean values (SD) <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> bond strength <strong>in</strong> MPa were; AL; E 28.92 (6.57) / D 28.39 (4.23), PL; E 27.52<br />

(5.31) / D 26.67 (6.13), AQ; E 13.50 (3.06) /D 18.71 (4.01), OB; E 10.56 (3.24) / D 11.21 (3.82), SE; E 21.64<br />

(4.56) / D 25.00 (4.59), SB; E 26.47 (2.72) / D 17.68 (3.64). ; AQ and OB were statistically lower than <strong>the</strong><br />

o<strong>the</strong>r systems (p


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

AADR 2003 Adper Prompt L-Pop<br />

1630<br />

Bond Strength <strong>of</strong> One-step and Two-step Res<strong>in</strong> Adhesive Systems to<br />

Enamel and Dent<strong>in</strong><br />

T. KIMISHIMA 1 , Y. NARA 1 , S. OSHITA 1 , T. MASEKI 1 , T. SUZUKI 1 ,<br />

I. KIZUKI 1 , H. TANAKA 1 , and L. DOGON 2 , 1 The Nippon Dental University,<br />

Tokyo, Japan, 2 Harvard School <strong>of</strong> Dental Medic<strong>in</strong>e, Boston, USA<br />

ANMERKUNG kontrolliert<br />

Results: Tensile bond strength <strong>of</strong> Adper Prompt L-Pop was higher than that <strong>of</strong> Clearfil SE. Adper Prompt L-<br />

Pop and Prompt L-Pop were on a higher statistical level than S<strong>in</strong>gle Bond, One-Up Bond F and AQ Bond.<br />

Adper Prompt L-Pop, Prompt L-Pop and Clearfil SE showed high performance <strong>in</strong> both enamel and dent<strong>in</strong> bond<br />

strength.<br />

Ergebnisse: Adper Prompt L-Pop zeigte e<strong>in</strong>e höhere Haftfestigkeit als Clearfil SE. Adper Prompt L-Pop und<br />

Prompt L-Pop lagen statistisch höher als S<strong>in</strong>gle Bond, One-Up Bond F und AQ Bond. Adper Prompt L-Pop,<br />

Prompt L-Pop und Clearfil SE zeigten hohe Haftfestigkeiten auf Schmelz und Dent<strong>in</strong>.<br />

35<br />

MPa<br />

Enamel<br />

Dent<strong>in</strong><br />

30<br />

25<br />

20<br />

15<br />

10<br />

5<br />

0<br />

Adper Prompt Prompt AQ-Bond One-Up Bond Clearfil SE S<strong>in</strong>gle Bond<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

109


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 Adper Prompt L-Pop<br />

0058<br />

The Effect <strong>of</strong> a New Self-etch<strong>in</strong>g Adhesive on Shear Bond Strengths <strong>of</strong><br />

Fissure Sealants<br />

M.A. AL-SARHEED, K<strong>in</strong>g Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia<br />

Objectives: To determ<strong>in</strong>e and to compare <strong>the</strong> shear bond strength <strong>of</strong> four-fissure sealant system’s (Dyract Seal,<br />

Concise, Visio-Seal, Helioseal) to enamel us<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> provided (ortho-phosphoric acid). and New-Self-Etch<strong>in</strong>g<br />

Adhesive Promt-L-Pop (Methacrylated phosphoric esters).<br />

Material and Methods: Newly extracted 56 non-carious first permanent teeth for orthodontic reasons were<br />

used and embedded <strong>in</strong> Teflon mold (3 mm height, 3 mm <strong>in</strong>ternal diameter). Mesial surfaces were expose to a<br />

flattened area <strong>of</strong> enamel and <strong>the</strong>n dried and washed. Eight groups were formed and each one consisted <strong>of</strong> 7<br />

specimens. The specimens were stored <strong>in</strong> 37O C distilled water for 24 hours. Then specimens were tested <strong>in</strong> a<br />

shear mode (Instron) at a crosshead speed <strong>of</strong> 0.5mm/m<strong>in</strong>ute. The mean and standard deviation were subjected to<br />

an ANOVA.<br />

Results: The bond strengths <strong>of</strong> Dyract Seal us<strong>in</strong>g Promt-L-Pop were 20.61 MPa, Concise (23.42 MPa), Visio-<br />

Seal (2.94 MPa) and Helioseal (11.83 MPa). These values were higher and statistically differences (p < 0.001)<br />

<strong>in</strong> Dyract Seal (10.18 MPa) and Concise (9.17 MPa) materials when provided adhesive system used.<br />

Conclusions: The bond<strong>in</strong>g strengths <strong>of</strong> Promt-L-Pop <strong>in</strong> conjunction with Dyract Seal and Concise fissure<br />

sealant materials exceeded and better than those <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> provided adhesive system (ortho-phosphoric acid).<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

110


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 Adper Prompt L-Pop<br />

0718<br />

Ultrastructure <strong>of</strong> Res<strong>in</strong>-Enamel Bonds <strong>in</strong> Unground Enamel -- Occlusal<br />

Fissures<br />

F.R. TAY 1 , S.H.Y. WEI 1 , D.H. PASHLEY 2 , and R.M. CARVALHO 3 , 1 The<br />

University <strong>of</strong> Hong Kong, Ch<strong>in</strong>a, 2 Medical College <strong>of</strong> Georgia, Augusta,<br />

USA, 3 University <strong>of</strong> São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil<br />

Objectives: Bond<strong>in</strong>g to occlusal enamel fissures represents a special situation <strong>in</strong> bond<strong>in</strong>g to unground enamel <strong>in</strong><br />

which deep, narrow fissures with peripheral aprismatic enamel are not easily penetrable by phosphoric acid<br />

etchants. This study exam<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>the</strong> ultrastructure <strong>of</strong> bond<strong>in</strong>g to occlusal enamel fissures us<strong>in</strong>g phosphoric acid<br />

etch<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> comb<strong>in</strong>ation with a fissure sealant, or a total-etch adhesive (One-Step, Bisco) followed by a fissure<br />

sealant, and two s<strong>in</strong>gle-step self-etch adhesives (Adper Prompt, <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> and Xeno III, Dentsply DeTrey)<br />

followed by a fissure sealant.<br />

Methods: Sections <strong>of</strong> bonded enamel fissures were polished, r<strong>in</strong>sed with phosphoric acid to br<strong>in</strong>g surfaces <strong>in</strong>to<br />

relief, and exam<strong>in</strong>ed under dehydrated conditions with conventional SEM (for enamel structure) and under wet<br />

conditions with field emission-environmental SEM (for bond <strong>in</strong>tegrity). Extent <strong>of</strong> res<strong>in</strong> penetration <strong>in</strong>to etched<br />

enamel was fur<strong>the</strong>r supported by TEM exam<strong>in</strong>ation <strong>of</strong> sections taken from sta<strong>in</strong>ed, dem<strong>in</strong>eralized and<br />

unsta<strong>in</strong>ed, undem<strong>in</strong>eralized bonded specimens.<br />

Results: All occlusal fissure walls exam<strong>in</strong>ed were l<strong>in</strong>ed with remnant aprismatic enamel. Full penetration <strong>of</strong><br />

res<strong>in</strong>s <strong>in</strong>to <strong>the</strong> bottom <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fissures were rarely observed, even with <strong>the</strong> adjunctive use <strong>of</strong> total-etch or self-etch<br />

adhesives. Phosphoric acid did not penetrate well <strong>in</strong>to <strong>the</strong> fissures and although hybridization <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> etched<br />

aprismatic enamel was observed with <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> a total-etch adhesive, etch<strong>in</strong>g was <strong>in</strong>consistent and gaps were<br />

frequently observed. Entrapment <strong>of</strong> bacteria with<strong>in</strong> fissural walls was also present. The more aggressive selfetch<br />

adhesive Adper Prompt created etch<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> aprismatic enamel that approached that <strong>of</strong> phosphoric acid<br />

etch<strong>in</strong>g. The less aggressive self-etch adhesive produced 1 µm thick hybrid layers <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> aprismatic enamel<br />

fissural walls.<br />

Conclusions: Self-etch adhesives penetrate occlusal fissures better than phosphoric acid and produce more<br />

uniform etch<strong>in</strong>g and hybridization <strong>of</strong> fissural walls. In all circumstances complete res<strong>in</strong> penetration <strong>in</strong>to occlusal<br />

fissures cannot be a realistic expectation.<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

111


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003<br />

Glasionomers<br />

1997<br />

Res<strong>in</strong>-modified and Conventional Glass-ionomer Cements Used as Pit and<br />

Fissure Sealants: Retention after 6 Months<br />

A.L.F. VIEIRA, C.C.R. MARTINHON, P.D.S. TELLES, S.M.B. SILVA, and<br />

M.A.A.M. MACHADFO, Bauru Dental School, University <strong>of</strong> São Paulo,<br />

Brazil<br />

Objectives: The aim <strong>of</strong> this study was to evaluate <strong>the</strong> retention <strong>of</strong> res<strong>in</strong>-modified glass ionomer (RM) and<br />

conventional glass ionomer cements (C), used as occlusal sealants, after 6 months.<br />

Methods: 56 children, 6-8 years old, with at least 4 sound young first molars taken part <strong>in</strong> this study. Each tooth<br />

received 1 tested material: Vitremer (<strong>ESPE</strong>/<strong>3M</strong>), Fuji II LC (GC), Ketac Fil (<strong>ESPE</strong>/<strong>3M</strong>) and Ketac Molar<br />

(<strong>ESPE</strong>/<strong>3M</strong>). After a prophylaxis with air-polish<strong>in</strong>g jet, <strong>the</strong> teeth were etched with 37% phosphoric acid for 15 s,<br />

r<strong>in</strong>sed, dried and <strong>the</strong> material was placed by “press f<strong>in</strong>ger” technique. All tested material was placed <strong>in</strong> every<br />

children, alternat<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> tooth to be sealed. The 6-month cl<strong>in</strong>ical evaluation was performed by 2 calibrated<br />

dentists us<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> scores: TR (total retention), PR (partial retention) and L (lost).<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

112


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003<br />

Glasionomers<br />

1997<br />

Res<strong>in</strong>-modified and Conventional Glass-ionomer Cements Used as Pit and<br />

Fissure Sealants: Retention after 6 Months<br />

A.L.F. VIEIRA, C.C.R. MARTINHON, P.D.S. TELLES, S.M.B. SILVA, and<br />

M.A.A.M. MACHADFO, Bauru Dental School, University <strong>of</strong> São Paulo,<br />

Brazil<br />

Results: After 6 months, 52 teeth were evaluated and <strong>the</strong> follow<strong>in</strong>g results were obta<strong>in</strong>ed: The data were<br />

analyzed by Chi-Square test (p≤ 0.05 ). Statistical analysis showed significant differences between <strong>the</strong> res<strong>in</strong>modified<br />

glass ionomer group (Vitremer and Fuji II LC) and <strong>the</strong> conventional glass ionomer one (Ketac File e<br />

Ketac Molar).<br />

Score<br />

Material<br />

TR<br />

n %<br />

PR<br />

n %<br />

Vitremer - RM 40 (76.9) 12 (23.1)<br />

Fuji II LC - RM 39 (75.0) 13 (25.0)<br />

Ketac Fil - C 30 (57.7) 22 (42.3)<br />

Ketac Molar - C 30 (57.7) 22 (42.3)<br />

Conclusions: When glass ionomer cements are used as occlusal sealants, <strong>the</strong> res<strong>in</strong>-modified materials presented<br />

higher retention than <strong>the</strong> conventional ones.<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

113


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 Position Penta<br />

2555<br />

Retentive strength comparison between new autoretentive and classical<br />

impression trays<br />

I. WAGNER, M. SCHAAF and S. ARNDT, <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG, Seefeld, Germany<br />

?????????????????????????????<br />

Objectives: The aim <strong>of</strong> this <strong>in</strong> vitro study was to <strong>in</strong>vestigate <strong>the</strong> retentive strength between new autoretentive<br />

and classical trays us<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> prelim<strong>in</strong>ary impression material <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> Position Penta.<br />

Methods: The new <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> Position Tray for s<strong>in</strong>gle use (size M), conta<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g a autoretentive <strong>in</strong>sert made out<br />

<strong>of</strong> non-woven loop material, was compared with <strong>the</strong> follow<strong>in</strong>g impression trays: a standard rimlock metal tray<br />

(Carl Mart<strong>in</strong>, size 3) and a disposable plastic tray (Speiko, size 3), both with and without use <strong>of</strong> a dental<br />

adhesive (<strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> VPS Adhesive). Controlled conditions were guaranteed by automatically remov<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> set<br />

material with a test<strong>in</strong>g mach<strong>in</strong>e (Zwick Z010). To separate <strong>the</strong> material from <strong>the</strong> tray a stamp was placed <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

impression material at a def<strong>in</strong>ed place at <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tray before sett<strong>in</strong>g and was pulled <strong>in</strong> a vertical direction<br />

after sett<strong>in</strong>g (pull<strong>in</strong>g speed = 100 mm/m<strong>in</strong>). Ten samples <strong>of</strong> each case were prepared and <strong>the</strong> retention force was<br />

measured.<br />

Results: The retention forces were (units <strong>in</strong> N, SD <strong>in</strong> brackets): autoretentive tray: 145.81 (30.17), metal<br />

rimlock tray with adhesive: 84.72 (19.03), metal rimlock tray without adhesive: 54.04 (11.61), plastic tray with<br />

adhesive: 54.77 (18.09), plastic tray without adhesive: 52.57 (6.28). As tested by ANOVA <strong>the</strong> type <strong>of</strong> tray had a<br />

statistically significant <strong>in</strong>fluence (p


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 Position Penta<br />

2555<br />

Retentive strength comparison between new autoretentive and classical<br />

impression trays<br />

I. WAGNER, M. SCHAAF and S. ARNDT, <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG, Seefeld, Germany<br />

?????????????????????????????<br />

Results: The autoretentive impression tray (<strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>) showed significantly higher retention strength compared<br />

to metal and plastic trays prepared with an adhesive.<br />

Ergebnisse: Der selbstretentive Abformlöffel (<strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>) zeigt signifikant höhere Haftfestigkeitswerte im<br />

Vergleich zu Metall -und Plastiklöffeln, die mit Adhäsiv vorbehandelt wurden.<br />

200<br />

180<br />

160<br />

Retentive Strength<br />

140<br />

retentive forces [N]<br />

120<br />

100<br />

80<br />

60<br />

40<br />

20<br />

0<br />

Speiko (plastic) without<br />

adhesive<br />

Speiko with adhesive<br />

Carl Mart<strong>in</strong> (metal)<br />

without adhesive<br />

Carl Mart<strong>in</strong> with adhesive<br />

<strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> Position Tray<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

115


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

ConsEuro 2003 Cl<strong>in</strong>pro Cario L-Pop & Cario Diagnosis<br />

P6<br />

Correlation between Cl<strong>in</strong>proTM Cario Diagnosis and cl<strong>in</strong>ical parameters<br />

M. Bizhang, M. Ley*, S. Zimmer<br />

Dept. <strong>of</strong> Operative and Preventive Dentistry and Endodontics, Charité,<br />

Humboldt University Berl<strong>in</strong>, Germany<br />

The aim <strong>of</strong> this pilot study was to assess <strong>the</strong> correlation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> new tests, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro TM Cario Diagnosis (<strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>,<br />

Seefeld, Germany) with current usual cl<strong>in</strong>ical parameters.<br />

Method: Cl<strong>in</strong>pro TM Cario Diagnosis is an impression material conta<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g a diagnostic additive which is able to<br />

show a site specific metabolic activity <strong>of</strong> lactic acid produc<strong>in</strong>g bacteria <strong>in</strong> a color reaction. 31 children were<br />

exam<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>in</strong> this study. They were between 11-13 years old and had at least one erupted permanent second<br />

molar. The Status <strong>of</strong> oral hygiene (TURESKY modification <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> QUIGLEY and HEIN plaque <strong>in</strong>dex (QHI)<br />

and approximal plaque <strong>in</strong>dex (API)), g<strong>in</strong>givitis <strong>in</strong>dex (papillary bleed<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>dex (PBI)), <strong>the</strong> caries status<br />

(DMFS/dmfs), and <strong>the</strong> results <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Cl<strong>in</strong>pro TM test were recorded. Data analysis was accomplished us<strong>in</strong>g a<br />

Kappa test (SPSS 10.0).<br />

Results: There was a low correlation between Cl<strong>in</strong>pro TM Cario Diagnosis and oral hygiene <strong>in</strong>dices (? ?= 0.3 (fair)<br />

for QHI; ? = 0.15 (poor) for API), and between Cl<strong>in</strong>pro TM Cario Diagnosis and caries lesions (? = 0.013 (poor)).<br />

These results show that Cl<strong>in</strong>proTM Cario Diagnosis is not suitable for identification <strong>of</strong> current caries and that it<br />

did not correlate with common oral hygiene <strong>in</strong>dices. The prognostic power <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> new test has to be determ<strong>in</strong>ed<br />

<strong>in</strong> a longitud<strong>in</strong>al study.This study was supported by <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>.<br />

Aim <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Study: In order to prepare a long term cl<strong>in</strong>ical study (3 years) for assess<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> diagnostic power <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> Cl<strong>in</strong>pro TM Cario Diagnosis and <strong>of</strong> Cl<strong>in</strong>pro TM Cario L-Pop TM <strong>the</strong> objective <strong>of</strong> this pilot study was to explore<br />

any correlation <strong>of</strong> Cl<strong>in</strong>pro TM Cario L-Pop TM signals (colorations) with current usual cl<strong>in</strong>ical parameters.<br />

Ziel der Studie: Um e<strong>in</strong>e langfristige kl<strong>in</strong>ische Studie (3 Jahre) zur Bewertung der Diagnoseleistung der<br />

Cl<strong>in</strong>pro TM Cario Diagnose und von Cl<strong>in</strong>pro TM Cario L-Pop TM aufzubauen, war das Ziel dieser Pilotstudie die<br />

Untersuchung möglicher Zusammenhänge der Cl<strong>in</strong>pro TM Cario Diagnose-Signale (E<strong>in</strong>färbungen) mit den<br />

derzeit üblichen kl<strong>in</strong>ischen Parametern.<br />

Results: The results suggest that Cl<strong>in</strong>pro TM Cario Diagnosis and Cl<strong>in</strong>pro TM Cario L-Pop TM :<br />

¢ Are lead<strong>in</strong>g to results differ<strong>in</strong>g from oral hygiene <strong>in</strong>dices.<br />

¢ Were not suitable for identification <strong>of</strong> current caries when def<strong>in</strong>ed as structural changes. S<strong>in</strong>ce <strong>the</strong> new<br />

tests are assess<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> presence <strong>of</strong> lactic acid and not <strong>the</strong> actual caries status, longitud<strong>in</strong>al studies have to<br />

show <strong>the</strong> suitability to assess caries activity.<br />

¢ Are different from current exam<strong>in</strong>ation tools used for caries risk diagnosis and cannot be used<br />

alternatively. These new tools could be added to <strong>the</strong> caries risk assessment procedure.<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

116


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

ConsEuro 2003 Cl<strong>in</strong>pro Cario L-Pop & Cario Diagnosis<br />

P6<br />

Correlation between Cl<strong>in</strong>proTM Cario Diagnosis and cl<strong>in</strong>ical parameters<br />

M. Bizhang, M. Ley*, S. Zimmer<br />

Dept. <strong>of</strong> Operative and Preventive Dentistry and Endodontics, Charité,<br />

Humboldt University Berl<strong>in</strong>, Germany<br />

Ergebnisse: Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass Cl<strong>in</strong>pro TM Cario Diagnose und Cl<strong>in</strong>pro TM Cario L-Pop TM<br />

ausgehend von Mundhygiene:<br />

¢ Zu Resultaten führen, die sich von Mundhygiene Indikatoren unterscheiden.<br />

¢ Sich nicht zur Identifizierung von bestehender Karies eignen, wenn sie als strukturelle Änderungen<br />

def<strong>in</strong>iert werden. Da die neuen Tests den Milchsäuregehalt erfassen und nicht den tatsächlichen<br />

Kariesstatus, müssen langfristige Studien zeigen, wie weit e<strong>in</strong>e Eignung zur Erfassung der<br />

Kariesaktivität gegeben ist.<br />

¢ Anders als gegenwärtige Untersuchungsmethoden für die Diagnose des Kariesrisikos s<strong>in</strong>d und nicht<br />

alternativ verwendet werden können. Diese neuen Methoden könnten das Prozedere für die Erfassung<br />

e<strong>in</strong>es Kariesrisikos ergänzen.<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

117


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 Cl<strong>in</strong>pro Cario L-Pop & Cario Diagnosis<br />

0699<br />

Evaluation <strong>of</strong> a new test for caries risk diagnosis and prophylaxis: a<br />

cl<strong>in</strong>ical randomized prospective study.<br />

C. MILLER*, OPSAHL S, BONTE E, DARTIGUES J, DECUP F,<br />

GUASTALLA O, R. KALEKA, KHOUYOUMJIAN C, KONCKIER A,<br />

LOUIS JJ, LUSARDI L, TOUMELIN F and J.J.LASFARGUES.<br />

Department <strong>of</strong> Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental school <strong>of</strong><br />

University Paris 5, France.<br />

Objectives: The purpose <strong>of</strong> this study was to assess <strong>the</strong> capacity <strong>of</strong> a new system <strong>of</strong> test, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro TM<br />

ariodiagnosis (CCD) and Cl<strong>in</strong>pro TM Cario L-Pop (CCLP), (<strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>, Germany), to modify <strong>the</strong> patient’s<br />

behavior concern<strong>in</strong>g improvement <strong>of</strong> his oral hygiene. We used <strong>the</strong>se tests <strong>in</strong> order to compare <strong>the</strong> efficiency <strong>of</strong><br />

3 preventive measures for plaque control: manual toothbrush<strong>in</strong>g, electric toothbrush<strong>in</strong>g and pr<strong>of</strong>essional<br />

clean<strong>in</strong>g.<br />

Methods: 65 adult patients (no periodontitis, no partial or total removable pros<strong>the</strong>sis and no runn<strong>in</strong>g<br />

orthodontic treatment) consult<strong>in</strong>g for a control visit or for cares were <strong>in</strong>cluded <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> study and randomly<br />

divided <strong>in</strong>to 4 groups (1: control group, 2: manual toothbrush<strong>in</strong>g group, 3: electric toothbrush<strong>in</strong>g group and 4:<br />

pr<strong>of</strong>essional tooth clean<strong>in</strong>g group). The <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> tests were made and, except for <strong>the</strong> control group, carefully<br />

read with <strong>the</strong> patient. Oral hygiene was <strong>the</strong>n modified accord<strong>in</strong>g to <strong>the</strong> group and <strong>the</strong> hygiene device provided.<br />

For patients <strong>in</strong>cluded <strong>in</strong> group 4, a pr<strong>of</strong>essional tooth clean<strong>in</strong>g was performed. One month later, we repeated <strong>the</strong><br />

tests. All <strong>the</strong> basel<strong>in</strong>e and recall data were collected and statistically analysed.<br />

Results: For all <strong>the</strong> patients (mean age 35± 12 years), we observed a significant difference between <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>itial<br />

and residual CCD and CCLP tests (p< 0.001). We did not show any correlation between <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>itial results <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

tests and <strong>the</strong> DMFT values <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> patients sample. When tak<strong>in</strong>g each group <strong>in</strong>to consideration, <strong>the</strong> improvement<br />

was significant with both tests, even for <strong>the</strong> control group (p= 0.011 for CCD and 0.018 for CCLP).<br />

Conclusions: We conclude that CCD and CCLP tests are efficient tools to motivate <strong>the</strong> patient to improve his<br />

oral hygiene <strong>in</strong>dependently <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> oral hygiene method secondarily taught.<br />

Aim <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Study: Investigate <strong>the</strong> implementation <strong>of</strong> CCD and CCLP <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> daily dental practice.<br />

Ziel der Studie: Untersuchung des E<strong>in</strong>satzes von CCD und CCLP <strong>in</strong> der täglichen dentalen Anwendung.<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

118


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 Cl<strong>in</strong>pro Cario L-Pop & Cario Diagnosis<br />

0699<br />

Evaluation <strong>of</strong> a new test for caries risk diagnosis and prophylaxis: a<br />

cl<strong>in</strong>ical randomized prospective study.<br />

C. MILLER*, OPSAHL S, BONTE E, DARTIGUES J, DECUP F,<br />

GUASTALLA O, R. KALEKA, KHOUYOUMJIAN C, KONCKIER A,<br />

LOUIS JJ, LUSARDI L, TOUMELIN F and J.J.LASFARGUES.<br />

Department <strong>of</strong> Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental school <strong>of</strong><br />

University Paris 5, France.<br />

Results: Cl<strong>in</strong>pro Cario Diagnosis and Cl<strong>in</strong>pro Cario L Pop tests are efficient tools to motivate <strong>the</strong> patients and<br />

help <strong>the</strong>m improve <strong>the</strong>ir behavior concern<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong>ir oral hygiene. Patients greatly appreciated <strong>in</strong>formation,<br />

explanations and time devoted to <strong>the</strong>se tests. Cl<strong>in</strong>icians considered <strong>the</strong> tests as useful and <strong>in</strong>terest<strong>in</strong>g tools.<br />

However, legibility <strong>of</strong> CCLP test can be improved. Fur<strong>the</strong>rmore, <strong>the</strong> duration <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> CCD test and <strong>the</strong> time <strong>of</strong><br />

explanation devoted to <strong>the</strong> patient lead to <strong>the</strong> question how <strong>the</strong> medical expense <strong>in</strong> social systems (such as<br />

French Sécurité Sociale) can be reimbursed by <strong>the</strong> social system <strong>in</strong> order to adequately pay <strong>the</strong> dentist.<br />

Ergebnisse: Tests mit Cl<strong>in</strong>pro Cario Diagnosis and Cl<strong>in</strong>pro Cario L-Pop s<strong>in</strong>d effiziente Werkzeuge, um<br />

Patienten zu motivieren und ihnen zu helfen, ihr Verhalten bezüglich Mundhygiene zu verbessern. Die Patienten<br />

schätzen Informationen, Erklärungen und die den Tests gewidmete Zeit als wertvoll e<strong>in</strong>. Die Ärzte hielten die<br />

Tests für nützliche und <strong>in</strong>teressante Werkzeuge. Dennoch kann die Lesbarkeit des CCLP Tests verbessert<br />

werden. Darüber h<strong>in</strong>aus führte die Dauer des CCD Tests und die Zeit, die der Erklärung an den Patienten<br />

gewidmet ist, zur Frage, wie die mediz<strong>in</strong>ischen Ausgaben <strong>in</strong> sozialen Systemen (hier: die französische Sécurité<br />

Sociale) vom System selbst rückvergütet werden können, um den Zahnarzt angemessen zu bezahlen.<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

119


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 Cl<strong>in</strong>pro Cario L-Pop<br />

2068<br />

Measurement <strong>of</strong> Lactic Acid Production <strong>of</strong> Carious Bacteria <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

Mouth: Reliability <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Novel Biochemical Diagnostic Device Cl<strong>in</strong>pro TM<br />

Cario L-Pop TM<br />

I. HAEBERLEIN, O. KAPPLER, A. SAFI, and R. GUGGENBERGER,<br />

<strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG, Seefeld, Germany<br />

Objectives: In this study, <strong>the</strong> reliability <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Cl<strong>in</strong>pro Cario L-Pop test has been <strong>in</strong>vestigated by <strong>the</strong> repeated<br />

measurement <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lactic acid formation <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> patient’s oral micro flora resid<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> bi<strong>of</strong>ilm <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tongue<br />

dorsum.<br />

Materials and Methods: Almost all caries bacteria have <strong>in</strong> common that <strong>the</strong>y <strong>in</strong>creas<strong>in</strong>gly form lactic acid <strong>in</strong><br />

presence <strong>of</strong> digestible sugar. This <strong>in</strong>crease <strong>of</strong> lactic acid formation is measured with Cl<strong>in</strong>pro Cario L-Pop to<br />

evaluate <strong>the</strong> caries potential <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> caries bacteria resid<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> oral micr<strong>of</strong>lora. For that purpose, sucrose is<br />

<strong>in</strong>corporated <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> assay stick to stimulate lactic acid formtion. Specific detection <strong>of</strong> lactic acid is based upon<br />

<strong>the</strong> enzymatic oxidation <strong>of</strong> lactic acid to pyruvate by lactate dehydrogenase. The enzymatic reaction is coupled<br />

to a cascade <strong>of</strong> redox <strong>in</strong>dicators which generates a blue signal <strong>in</strong> 2 m<strong>in</strong>.<br />

Results: 10 patients (between 20 and 45 years old) have been randomly selected irrespective <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> current<br />

caries status. All patients applied CCLP 5 times <strong>in</strong> succession <strong>in</strong> accordance to <strong>the</strong> manufacturer’s <strong>in</strong>structions<br />

for use. Accumulation <strong>of</strong> sucrose liberated from <strong>the</strong> assay stick can <strong>in</strong>creas<strong>in</strong>gly support lactic acid formation on<br />

<strong>the</strong> tongue dorsum. Therefore all patients were asked to r<strong>in</strong>se <strong>the</strong>ir mouth with water after each assay. The<br />

<strong>in</strong>dividual’s color signals were evaluated with <strong>the</strong> n<strong>in</strong>e field color chart and under <strong>the</strong>se experimental conditions<br />

<strong>the</strong> color signals were reproduced 100 %. A group <strong>of</strong> 20 patients (between 20 and 45 years old) have been<br />

randomly selected irrespective <strong>of</strong> current caries status. All patients used <strong>the</strong> device <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> morn<strong>in</strong>g and <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

afternoon on three days <strong>in</strong> one week. For calibration all patients were asked not to change <strong>the</strong>ir daily oral<br />

hygiene and not to take any remedies conta<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g bactericidal additives. The data obta<strong>in</strong>ed over 53 days was<br />

with<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> range <strong>of</strong> reliability <strong>of</strong> ± one color field. CCLP demonstrates a reliability <strong>of</strong> 88 % no matter when it is<br />

applied dur<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> day. A group <strong>of</strong> 23 patients (between 20 and 45 years old) have been randomly selected<br />

irrespective <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> current caries status. All patients were asked to use <strong>the</strong> device at seven times <strong>in</strong> two weeks.<br />

Among <strong>the</strong> 96 measurements 90.6 % were with<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> range <strong>of</strong> reliability accord<strong>in</strong>g to <strong>the</strong> n<strong>in</strong>e field color chart<br />

(6.3 % showed a deviation <strong>of</strong> one color field, 3,1 % three color fields.) A group <strong>of</strong> 21 patients (between 20 and<br />

45 years old) have been randomly selected irrespective <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> current caries status. All patients applied <strong>the</strong><br />

device on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays for 4 weeks <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> morn<strong>in</strong>g and <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> afternoon. Along <strong>the</strong> 452<br />

measurements 75.5 % were with<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> range <strong>of</strong> reliability accord<strong>in</strong>g to <strong>the</strong> n<strong>in</strong>e color field chart.<br />

The Cl<strong>in</strong>pro Cario L-Pop results obta<strong>in</strong>ed with three different patients are presented <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> follow<strong>in</strong>g figure.<br />

Two <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m showed a constant caries potential over four weeks whereas <strong>the</strong> third patient <strong>in</strong>creased<br />

cont<strong>in</strong>uously <strong>the</strong> caries potential <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> oral micr<strong>of</strong>lora.<br />

Discussion and Conclusions: Cl<strong>in</strong>pro Cario L-Pop adds a novel aspect <strong>in</strong>to caries risk assessment <strong>in</strong> measur<strong>in</strong>g<br />

<strong>the</strong> sucrose stimulated lactic acid formation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> caries bacteria present <strong>in</strong> bi<strong>of</strong>ilm <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tongue dorsum.<br />

Several publications show that <strong>the</strong> tongue dorsum is a potential microbial reservoir and that <strong>the</strong> microbiological<br />

processes <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> bi<strong>of</strong>ilm <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tongue dorsum reflects closely <strong>the</strong> caries processes <strong>in</strong> plaque.<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

120


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 Cl<strong>in</strong>pro Cario L-Pop<br />

2068<br />

Measurement <strong>of</strong> Lactic Acid Production <strong>of</strong> Carious Bacteria <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

Mouth: Reliability <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Novel Biochemical Diagnostic Device Cl<strong>in</strong>proTM<br />

Cario L-PopTM<br />

I. HAEBERLEIN, O. KAPPLER, A. SAFI, and R. GUGGENBERGER,<br />

<strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG, Seefeld, Germany<br />

The reliability <strong>of</strong> Cl<strong>in</strong>pro Cario L-Pop to measure <strong>the</strong> power <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> carious bacteria resid<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> patient’s oral<br />

micr<strong>of</strong>lora is promis<strong>in</strong>g. Fur<strong>the</strong>r cl<strong>in</strong>ical studies consider<strong>in</strong>g different caries risk groups are required to evaluate<br />

<strong>the</strong> contribution <strong>of</strong> Cl<strong>in</strong>pro Cario L-Pop to improve <strong>the</strong> caries risk assessment <strong>of</strong> patients.<br />

Aim <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Study: Investigate <strong>the</strong> reproducibilty <strong>of</strong> CCLP results over a longer period, under calibrated cl<strong>in</strong>ical<br />

conditions (follow<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> manufacturer´s <strong>in</strong>structions for use).<br />

Ziel der Studie: Untersuchung der Reproduzierbarkeit von CCLP Resultaten über längere Zeit und unter<br />

gleichbleibenden kl<strong>in</strong>ischen Bed<strong>in</strong>gungen (gemäß der Gebrauchsanweisung des Herstellers).<br />

Results: When obta<strong>in</strong>ed under calibrated cl<strong>in</strong>ical conditions (same cl<strong>in</strong>ical conditions), Cl<strong>in</strong>pro Cario L-Pop<br />

coloration results are reliable. In a longer term, as <strong>the</strong> oral biotope is a liv<strong>in</strong>g system, its metabolism is<br />

<strong>in</strong>fluenced from hour to hour and from day to day, by many factors (diet factors, saliva factors, bacterial<br />

factors). As <strong>the</strong> lactic acid production is an <strong>in</strong>dicator <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> carious bacteria metabolism, this production<br />

<strong>in</strong>tegrates also all <strong>the</strong>se <strong>in</strong>fluences and can be different from one moment to ano<strong>the</strong>r. Consequently <strong>the</strong> <strong>3M</strong><br />

<strong>ESPE</strong> Cl<strong>in</strong>pro Cario L-Pop coloration will reflect <strong>the</strong> changes <strong>of</strong> cl<strong>in</strong>ical conditions. Therefore, <strong>in</strong> order to allow<br />

good conditions for compar<strong>in</strong>g one measurement with ano<strong>the</strong>r measurement, it is mandatory to “calibrate” <strong>the</strong><br />

cl<strong>in</strong>ical measurement conditions by follow<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> manufacturer´s <strong>in</strong>structions for use.<br />

Ergebnisse: Wenn sie unter gleichbleibenden Bed<strong>in</strong>gungen (gleichen kl<strong>in</strong>ischen Bed<strong>in</strong>gungen) erzielt werden,<br />

s<strong>in</strong>d Resultate von Cl<strong>in</strong>pro Cario L-Pop zuverlässig. Über e<strong>in</strong>en längeren Zeitraum h<strong>in</strong>weg und da das orale<br />

Biotop e<strong>in</strong> lebendes System darstellt, unterliegt se<strong>in</strong> Metabolismus von e<strong>in</strong>er Stunde zur anderen und von e<strong>in</strong>em<br />

Tag zum anderen dem E<strong>in</strong>fluss vieler Faktoren (Ernährung, Speichel, bakterielle Faktoren). Da die Produktion<br />

von Milchsäure e<strong>in</strong>en Indikator für den Metabolismus von Kariesbakterien darstellt, <strong>in</strong>tegriert diese Produktion<br />

auch alle diese E<strong>in</strong>flüsse und kann von e<strong>in</strong>en Moment auf den anderen unterschiedlich se<strong>in</strong>. Folglich wird die<br />

E<strong>in</strong>färbung von <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> Cl<strong>in</strong>pro Cario L-Pop die Änderung der kl<strong>in</strong>ischen Bed<strong>in</strong>gungen reflektieren. Daher<br />

muss man, um guten Bed<strong>in</strong>gungen für Vergleiche von Messungen untere<strong>in</strong>ander zu schaffen, die kl<strong>in</strong>ischen<br />

Messbed<strong>in</strong>gungen „kalibrieren“, <strong>in</strong>dem man die Gebrauchsanweisungen des Herstellers befolgt.<br />

color field<br />

9<br />

8<br />

7<br />

6<br />

5<br />

4<br />

3<br />

2<br />

1<br />

0<br />

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24<br />

Number <strong>of</strong> measuements<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

121


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

ConsEuro 2003 Cl<strong>in</strong>pro Cl<strong>in</strong>pro Cario L-Pop Cario Diagnosis<br />

S14<br />

Comparison <strong>of</strong> cl<strong>in</strong>ical plaque record<strong>in</strong>g and a novel impression-based<br />

lactate sensitive diagnostic device.<br />

S. EFFENBERGER, S. FISCHER, U. SCHIFFNER<br />

University <strong>of</strong> Hamburg, Dental School, Section for Preventive Dentistry,<br />

Hamburg, Germany<br />

The aim <strong>of</strong> this study was to get <strong>in</strong>formation about correspond<strong>in</strong>g or non-correspond<strong>in</strong>g values <strong>of</strong> cl<strong>in</strong>ical<br />

plaque scor<strong>in</strong>g and <strong>the</strong> lactate-sensitive signal <strong>of</strong> an experimental impression-based diagnostic device (<strong>3M</strong><br />

<strong>ESPE</strong>, D-Seefeld).<br />

Method: Dental plaque <strong>in</strong> 31 adults volunteers (mean age 33yrs.) was scored us<strong>in</strong>g a disclos<strong>in</strong>g solution<br />

accord<strong>in</strong>g to <strong>the</strong> Quigley/He<strong>in</strong> plaque <strong>in</strong>dex (QHI). Then, <strong>the</strong> diagnostic impression was taken and evaluated on<br />

buccal and oral surfaces for lactate signals (LS) <strong>in</strong> a 6-po<strong>in</strong>t-scale (grade 0 – 5 ), which was equivalent to <strong>the</strong><br />

Quigley/He<strong>in</strong> scale. The results <strong>of</strong> both methods were compared statistically with respect to means, correlations<br />

and site-specific f<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>gs.<br />

Results: Although <strong>the</strong> mean <strong>in</strong>dex values <strong>of</strong> both methods showed significant correlation (Person´s correlation<br />

coeff., p = 0.001), <strong>the</strong> means (QHI 0.87 ± 0.56, LS 1.09 ± 0.54) differed statistically significant (Wilcoxon-test<br />

for related samples, p = 0.001). In a fur<strong>the</strong>r site-specific approach <strong>the</strong> f<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>gs were compared per tooth for each<br />

person, and <strong>the</strong> Spearman rank correlation coefficient was calculated. Results showed an excellent correlation <strong>in</strong><br />

about one quarter <strong>of</strong> all subjects (correlation coeff. > 0.9), a moderate correlation <strong>in</strong> about half <strong>the</strong> subjects<br />

(coeff. 0.5 – 0.75), and no correlation <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> rema<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g subjects:<br />

Conclusion: This means that plaque disclos<strong>in</strong>g solutions and <strong>the</strong> lactate sensitive impression method can<br />

identify <strong>the</strong> same sites at risk, but this is not necessarily <strong>the</strong> case. So far, it can be concluded that both methods<br />

should not be used alternatively. Cl<strong>in</strong>ical studies have to evaluate <strong>the</strong> mean<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> new diagnostic impression<br />

method.<br />

Aim <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Study: Investigate if Cl<strong>in</strong>pro TM Cario Diagnosis gives <strong>the</strong> same <strong>in</strong>formation plaque as discloser.<br />

Ziel der Studie: Untersuchung, ob Cl<strong>in</strong>pro Cario Diagnose die gleiche Information liefert wie Plaque-<br />

Indikatoren.<br />

Results: The <strong>in</strong>formation obta<strong>in</strong>ed with <strong>the</strong> both methods differ. Plaque <strong>in</strong>dices us<strong>in</strong>g disclos<strong>in</strong>g solutions<br />

represent <strong>the</strong> plaque prote<strong>in</strong>s, while <strong>the</strong> colored areas <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Cl<strong>in</strong>pro Cario Diagnosis impressions show sites<br />

<strong>of</strong> lactate production and thus give evidence for <strong>the</strong> presence <strong>of</strong> lactate produc<strong>in</strong>g bacteria. So, both<br />

<strong>in</strong>vestigation methods can show <strong>the</strong> same sites and areas <strong>of</strong> plaque and lactate production, but this is not<br />

necessarily <strong>the</strong> case. CCD gives a new <strong>in</strong>formation that can be <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>terest <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> caries risk assessment<br />

procedure.<br />

Ergebnisse: Die aus beiden Methoden erhaltenen Informationen s<strong>in</strong>d unterschiedlich. Plaque-Indikatoren, die<br />

sich Indikatorlösungen bedienen, geben Plaqueprote<strong>in</strong>e wieder, während die e<strong>in</strong>gefärbten Bereiche <strong>in</strong> den<br />

Cl<strong>in</strong>pro Cario Diagnose-Abformungen den Ort der Laktatproduktion zeigen und daher Beweise für die<br />

Existenz von laktaterzeugenden Bakterien liefern. Daher können beide Untersuchungsmethoden die gleichen<br />

Orte und Bereiche der Plaque und die Laktatproduktion zeigen, aber das ist nicht notwendigerweise der Fall.<br />

CCD liefert e<strong>in</strong>e neue Information, die für die Erfassung des Kariesrisikos von Interesse se<strong>in</strong> kann.<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

122


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 Cl<strong>in</strong>pro Sealant<br />

0356<br />

Microleakage <strong>of</strong> a Pit and Fissure Sealant Placed after Air-abrasion<br />

L. LUPI-PEGURIER, M.B. MULLER-BOLLA, M.-F. BERTRAND, and M.<br />

BOLLA, Laboratory <strong>of</strong> Dental Biomaterials and Experimental Odontology,<br />

University <strong>of</strong> Nice-Sophia Antipolis, France<br />

Objectives: The aim <strong>of</strong> this study was to assess <strong>the</strong> microleakage <strong>of</strong> a pit and fissure sealant on air-abraded<br />

enamel with and without etch<strong>in</strong>g.<br />

Methods: N<strong>in</strong>ety sound extracted third molars were cleaned without pumice. In each mesial half, <strong>the</strong> fissures<br />

were air-abraded and etched dur<strong>in</strong>g 15s with a 35% phosphoric acid. Then, <strong>the</strong> teeth were randomly assigned to<br />

three groups <strong>of</strong> 30. In group 1, <strong>the</strong> fissures <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> distal halves were widened mechanically with a diamond bur.<br />

In group 2, <strong>the</strong>y were just air-abraded and <strong>in</strong> group 3 <strong>the</strong>y were air-abraded and etched. The air-abrasion<br />

apparatus was <strong>the</strong> Air flow prep K1TM(EMS). Then, <strong>the</strong> sealant was applied (Cl<strong>in</strong>proTM, <strong>3M</strong> Dental <strong>Products</strong>)<br />

correspond<strong>in</strong>g to <strong>the</strong> manufacturer’s recommendations. The teeth were <strong>the</strong>rmocycled prior to sta<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g with 1%<br />

methylene blue dur<strong>in</strong>g 24 hours. The samples were embedded <strong>in</strong>to res<strong>in</strong> and sectioned <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> middle <strong>of</strong> each<br />

half, <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> bucco-l<strong>in</strong>gual direction.<br />

Results: The sealants prepared with air-abrasion alone displayed a significantly greater microleakage (73.3%)<br />

(p


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 Cl<strong>in</strong>pro Sealant<br />

0863<br />

Microtensile Bond Strengths <strong>of</strong> Sealants to Unprepared Enamel<br />

J. PERDIGÃO1, J. FUNDINGSLAND2, S. DUARTE, Jr.3, and M.M.<br />

LOPES1, 1 University <strong>of</strong> M<strong>in</strong>nesota School <strong>of</strong> Dentistry, M<strong>in</strong>neapolis, USA, 2<br />

<strong>3M</strong>/<strong>ESPE</strong> Dental <strong>Products</strong>, St Paul, MN, USA, 3 University <strong>of</strong> M<strong>in</strong>nesota,<br />

M<strong>in</strong>neapolis, USA<br />

Objectives: To characterize <strong>the</strong> adhesion <strong>of</strong> two pit-and-fissure sealants to unprepared enamel us<strong>in</strong>g 35%<br />

phosphoric acid vs. a self-etch<strong>in</strong>g bond<strong>in</strong>g system (Adper Prompt L-Pop, PLP, <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG).<br />

Methods: Proximal enamel surfaces <strong>of</strong> extracted molars were treated with one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> four conditioners shown <strong>in</strong><br />

Table. One <strong>of</strong> two sealants (Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>; Delton, Dentsply) was applied <strong>in</strong> a th<strong>in</strong> layer (0.50 to 0.75 mm),<br />

followed by a composite buildup (Z250, <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>) to provide a gripp<strong>in</strong>g surface. Specimens were cut <strong>in</strong> X and<br />

Y directions <strong>in</strong> sticks with section <strong>of</strong> 0.7±0.1mm 2 and tested <strong>in</strong> an Instron at 1mm/m<strong>in</strong> at 24h. µTBS data <strong>in</strong><br />

MPa were analyzed with one- and two-way ANOVA/Tukey’s (superscript letters, p


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 Cl<strong>in</strong>pro Sealant<br />

1199<br />

Fluoride Release from a Sealant and Its Effects on Adjacent Enamel and<br />

Bacterial Plaque: An <strong>in</strong> situ Evaluation<br />

C. FRANCCI, University <strong>of</strong> São Paulo, Brazil, J.A. CURY, Faculty <strong>of</strong><br />

Dentistry <strong>of</strong> Piracicaba, UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil, and M.P.A.<br />

MAYER, University <strong>of</strong> São Paulo, Brazil<br />

Objectives: evaluate <strong>in</strong> situ <strong>the</strong> anticariogenic effects <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fluoride released from a sealant (Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, <strong>3M</strong><br />

<strong>ESPE</strong>) on surround<strong>in</strong>g enamel and bacterial plaque compared to well-know sealant without fluoride release<br />

(Concise LC White, <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>).<br />

Methods: Eight volunteers wore for 2 phases <strong>of</strong> 14 days each palatal appliances conta<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g four occlusal<br />

surfaces from human teeth sealed with one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> mentioned sealants, with a dwell time <strong>of</strong> 7 days. Dur<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong><br />

study <strong>the</strong> volunteers used dentifrice without fluoride.<br />

Results: <strong>the</strong> dental plaque on Cl<strong>in</strong>pro presented higher fluoride concentration (21.5±20.4) (µgF/g±SD)<br />

compared to Concise (4.9±2.0). For evaluation <strong>of</strong> fluoride <strong>in</strong> surround<strong>in</strong>g enamel two occlusal surfaces were<br />

used, with <strong>the</strong> sealant and enamel surfaces covered with nail polish, leav<strong>in</strong>g 4 w<strong>in</strong>dows <strong>of</strong> 1mm2 exposed to<br />

perform a “fluoride biopsy”. Although <strong>the</strong> fluoride concentration <strong>in</strong> Cl<strong>in</strong>pro surround<strong>in</strong>g superficial enamel was<br />

higher (3346.7±870.8) (µgF/g±SD) than Concise (2853.2±1398.9), such difference was not significant. The<br />

o<strong>the</strong>r two occlusal surfaces <strong>of</strong> each removable appliance were used to microhardness test. The <strong>in</strong>dentations were<br />

performed from 0, 100 and 200 µm <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sealant and from 10, 20, 30 50, 70, 90 and 110 µm <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> outer<br />

enamel surface. ANOVA, follow<strong>in</strong>g a split-splot model, was applied and means compared by Bonferronixs test<br />

(5%). The adjacent enamel to Cl<strong>in</strong>pro presented higher microhardness (302.89±8.72)(KHN± SE) compared to<br />

Concise (280,35±8.72). The factors distance from sealant, depth from <strong>the</strong> outer enamel and <strong>the</strong>ir <strong>in</strong>teraction<br />

showed significant differences.<br />

Conclusions: Although <strong>the</strong> concentration <strong>of</strong> fluoride on surround<strong>in</strong>g enamel did not show significant<br />

differences, <strong>the</strong> higher concentration on dental plaque and <strong>the</strong> higher microhardness <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> adjacent enamel<br />

suggest <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> fluoride releas<strong>in</strong>g sealant. This study was supported by <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>.<br />

Ziel der Studie: In situ-Evaluierung der kariesvermeidenden Auswirkung auf die Fluoridabgabe e<strong>in</strong>es<br />

Versieglers (Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>) auf den umliegenden Zahnschmelz und bakterieller Plaque im Vergleich zu<br />

e<strong>in</strong>em bekannten Versiegler ohne Fluoridabgabe (Concise LC White, <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>).<br />

Ergebnisse: Obwohl die Fluoridkonzentration am umliegenden Zahnschmelz ke<strong>in</strong>e signifikanten Unterschiede<br />

aufwies, ist aufgrund der höheren Konzentration auf Zahnbelag und der höheren Mikrohärte des angrenzenden<br />

Schmelzes die Verwendung e<strong>in</strong>es fluoridabgebenden Versieglers empfehlenswert.<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

125


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 Cl<strong>in</strong>pro Sealant<br />

1965<br />

SEM Analysis <strong>of</strong> Sealant Penetration <strong>in</strong> Proximal Incipient Non-cavitated<br />

Caries Lesion<br />

S.S. GOMEZ, S.A. URIBE, and J.E. ONETTO, Faculty <strong>of</strong> Dentistry,<br />

University <strong>of</strong> Valparaiso, Chile<br />

Objectives: The <strong>in</strong> vitro and <strong>in</strong> vivo seal<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> proximal <strong>in</strong>cipient carious lesions have recently been proposed<br />

for <strong>the</strong>rapeutic purpose to arrest <strong>the</strong> progress <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lesions. The aim <strong>of</strong> this report was to study <strong>the</strong><br />

microstructure <strong>of</strong> sealant penetration <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> enamel <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong> vitro sealed natural non-cavitated proximal lesions with<br />

and without a preced<strong>in</strong>g bond<strong>in</strong>g step.<br />

Methods: thirty natural <strong>in</strong>cipient non-cavitated carious lesion were sealed us<strong>in</strong>g a commercial sealant (<strong>3M</strong><br />

<strong>ESPE</strong> Cl<strong>in</strong>pro Sealant) under uncontam<strong>in</strong>ated conditions. The sealant was applied on <strong>the</strong> carious lesions and<br />

surround<strong>in</strong>g sound enamel. Four groups were analyzed:1)non-bond<strong>in</strong>g group <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> lesion area (NBG-L);2) nonbond<strong>in</strong>g<br />

group <strong>in</strong> sound enamel(NBG-S); 3) bond<strong>in</strong>g group <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> lesion area (BG-L) and 4) bond<strong>in</strong>g group <strong>in</strong><br />

sound enamel (BG-S). After storage <strong>in</strong> distilled water for 24 hrs, all sealed areas were cut and dem<strong>in</strong>eralized<br />

with 37% hydrocloric acid for 24 hours. For each group <strong>the</strong> res<strong>in</strong> tags were observed and measured by scann<strong>in</strong>g<br />

electron microscopy (SEM). The mean penetration (µm) and standard deviation (SD) were calculated and tested<br />

for homogeneity <strong>of</strong> variance us<strong>in</strong>g Bartlettxs test, followed by ANOVA and <strong>the</strong> Duncan multiple range test at a<br />

p


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003<br />

Cl<strong>in</strong>pro Sealant<br />

1965<br />

SEM Analysis <strong>of</strong> Sealant Penetration <strong>in</strong> Proximal Incipient Non-cavitated<br />

Caries Lesion<br />

S.S. GOMEZ, S.A. URIBE, and J.E. ONETTO, Faculty <strong>of</strong> Dentistry,<br />

University <strong>of</strong> Valparaiso, Chile<br />

Ziel der Studie: Die <strong>in</strong> vitro- und <strong>in</strong> vivo-Versiegelung von proximalen beg<strong>in</strong>nenden kariösen Läsionen wurde<br />

kürzlich für das <strong>the</strong>rapeutische Ziel vorgeschlagen, den Fortgang der Läsionen zu stoppen. Das Ziel dieses<br />

Berichts war es, die Mikrostruktur der Versieglerpenetration <strong>in</strong> den Zahnschmelz von <strong>in</strong> vitro-versiegelten,<br />

natürlichen, nicht-kavernösen Proximalläsionen mit und ohne vorhergehenden Bond<strong>in</strong>g-Schritt zu untersuchen.<br />

Ergebnisse: Die kl<strong>in</strong>ische Signifikanz dieser <strong>in</strong> vitro-Studie bestand dar<strong>in</strong>, dass die Verwendung e<strong>in</strong>es<br />

Bond<strong>in</strong>g-Systems vor der Anwendung e<strong>in</strong>es Loch- und Fissurenversieglers sowohl <strong>in</strong> von Läsionen betr<strong>of</strong>fenen<br />

als auch gesunden Bereichen des Zahnschmelzes die Res<strong>in</strong>-Längen-Penetration unter unkontam<strong>in</strong>ierten<br />

Bed<strong>in</strong>gungen nicht vergrößert.<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

127


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 Freelight 2<br />

1500<br />

The <strong>in</strong>fluence <strong>of</strong> res<strong>in</strong> composite type on depth <strong>of</strong> cure with LED and QTH<br />

light cur<strong>in</strong>g.<br />

C.-P. ERNST, G.R. MEYER, J. VOLMERHAUS, M.O. AHLERS, B.<br />

WILLERSHAUSEN, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Ma<strong>in</strong>z, Univ. Cl<strong>in</strong>ic<br />

Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany<br />

Objectives: To determ<strong>in</strong>e <strong>the</strong> depth <strong>of</strong> cure <strong>of</strong> Clearfil AP-X (APX) ,Clearfil ST (CST), and Clearfil Photo<br />

Posterior (CPP) (shade A3, Kuraray, Japan) after exposure with ei<strong>the</strong>r blue LED cur<strong>in</strong>g devices (e-Light, GC:<br />

40s; Elipar FreeLight 2: 20s and 40s, <strong>3M</strong> Espe) or a QTH cur<strong>in</strong>g device (Optilux 501, Kerr: 40s).<br />

Methods: Surface hardness was measured (Zwick Z2.5/TS1S) 5 m<strong>in</strong> post exposure at <strong>the</strong> top-and bottom<br />

surface <strong>of</strong> res<strong>in</strong> samples (Tetric Ceram, Vivadent, 1-3.5mm; 0.5mm <strong>in</strong>crement, Ø 5mm, n=9), cured with<strong>in</strong><br />

7mm distance from <strong>the</strong> bottom <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sample to <strong>the</strong> light guide tip to simulate a class II-cur<strong>in</strong>g situation. A<br />

reference sample was cured under direct contact with <strong>the</strong> light guide. The reference-sample with <strong>the</strong> highest topsurface<br />

hardness <strong>of</strong> all devices measured served as <strong>the</strong> overall control. A bottom/top-surface hardness ratio <strong>of</strong><br />

80% <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> reference sample cured <strong>in</strong> a zero-distance was def<strong>in</strong>ed as cl<strong>in</strong>ically acceptable for safe cur<strong>in</strong>g. A<br />

descriptive statistical analysis was carried out.<br />

Results: The Optilux 501 was able to cure a layer thickness <strong>of</strong> 3.5mm <strong>of</strong> APX and CPP sufficiently with<strong>in</strong> a<br />

cl<strong>in</strong>ically relevant distance <strong>of</strong> 7mm, but only 2.0mm <strong>of</strong> CST. Almost comparable depths <strong>of</strong> cure were found<br />

when <strong>the</strong> res<strong>in</strong> composites were exposed with <strong>the</strong> Elipar FreeLight 2: APX: 3.5mm, CPP: 3.0mm, CST: 1.5mm.<br />

A 20s exposure <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Elipar FreeLight 2 resulted <strong>in</strong> a depth <strong>of</strong> cure <strong>of</strong> 2.0mm for APX, 2.5mm for CPP but was<br />

not able to cure any layer <strong>of</strong> CST. The GC e-Light was able to cure 2.5mm <strong>of</strong> CPP but no <strong>in</strong>crement <strong>of</strong> APX or<br />

CST.<br />

Conclusions: The type <strong>of</strong> res<strong>in</strong> composite <strong>in</strong>fluences <strong>the</strong> depth <strong>of</strong> cure significantly more than <strong>the</strong> exposure<br />

with ei<strong>the</strong>r QTH or high power LED cur<strong>in</strong>g devices.<br />

Aim <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Study: The objective <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> study was to determ<strong>in</strong>e <strong>the</strong> depth <strong>of</strong> cure by measur<strong>in</strong>g surface hardness<br />

<strong>of</strong> three different composites after exposure with ei<strong>the</strong>r LED cur<strong>in</strong>g devices (e-Light, GC: 40s; Elipar FreeLight<br />

2: 20s and 40s, <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>) or a halogen cur<strong>in</strong>g device (Optilux 501, Kerr: 40s).<br />

Ziel der Studie: Ziel der Studie war es, die Polymerisationstiefe von drei verschiedenen Compositen durch<br />

Messung ihrer Oberflächenhärte zu bestimmen, jeweils nach Polymerisation mit den LED<br />

Polymerisationslampen (e-Light, GC: 40s; Freelight 2: 20s and 40s, <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>) oder e<strong>in</strong>er Halogenlampe<br />

(Optilux 501, Kerr: 40s).<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

128


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 Freelight 2<br />

1500<br />

The <strong>in</strong>fluence <strong>of</strong> res<strong>in</strong> composite type on depth <strong>of</strong> cure with LED and QTH<br />

light cur<strong>in</strong>g.<br />

C.-P. ERNST, G.R. MEYER, J. VOLMERHAUS, M.O. AHLERS, B.<br />

WILLERSHAUSEN, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Ma<strong>in</strong>z, Univ. Cl<strong>in</strong>ic<br />

Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany<br />

Results: Optilux 501 and Freelight 2 achieved almost comparable depth <strong>of</strong> cure for each <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> three<br />

composites. E-light was only able to cure one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> three composites effectively, but no layer <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r two.<br />

The type <strong>of</strong> res<strong>in</strong> composite <strong>in</strong>fluences <strong>the</strong> depth <strong>of</strong> cure significantly more than <strong>the</strong> exposure with ei<strong>the</strong>r<br />

halogen or high power LED cur<strong>in</strong>g devices such as Freelight 2.<br />

Ergebnisse: Optilux 501 und Freelight 2 erzielten bei allen drei Compositen annähernd vergleichbare<br />

Polymerisationstiefen. E-light härtete nur e<strong>in</strong>es der drei Composite effizient, jedoch ke<strong>in</strong>e Schicht der beiden<br />

anderen. Die Art des Composites bee<strong>in</strong>flusst die Aushärtetiefe signifikanter als die Exposition mit Halogenoder<br />

High Power LED Polymerisationslampen wie der Freelight 2.<br />

4<br />

APX CST CPP<br />

3,5<br />

3<br />

2,5<br />

2<br />

1,5<br />

1<br />

0,5<br />

0<br />

Optilux 501/40s Freelight 2/40s Freelight 2/20s e-light/40s<br />

Depth <strong>of</strong> cure <strong>in</strong> mm<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

129


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 Freelight 2<br />

2370<br />

Predicted LED Radiation Times for Shades <strong>of</strong> a Current Composite<br />

A.C.C. SHORTALL, and E. HARRINGTON, University <strong>of</strong> Birm<strong>in</strong>gham,<br />

United K<strong>in</strong>gdom, England<br />

Objectives: To determ<strong>in</strong>e <strong>the</strong> cure depths and predicted radiation times for shades <strong>of</strong> a current composite when<br />

polymerised with ei<strong>the</strong>r a first (L1) or second (L2) generation LED light or a conventional halogen (H) control<br />

light activation unit.<br />

Methods: Depths <strong>of</strong> cure (half height <strong>of</strong> hardened cyl<strong>in</strong>der) were determ<strong>in</strong>ed for 15 shades (n=3/shade) <strong>of</strong> a<br />

light activated composite (Z) <strong>in</strong> 4mm diameter nylotron moulds us<strong>in</strong>g a digital penetrometer. Light transmission<br />

dur<strong>in</strong>g irradiation <strong>of</strong> 2 x 4mm diameter composite samples <strong>in</strong> nylotron discs was monitored with a computer<br />

based diode setup. Radiation times were determ<strong>in</strong>ed with reference to <strong>the</strong> m<strong>in</strong>imum time required to obta<strong>in</strong> a<br />

Wallace surface hardness ratio (lower/upper) > 90%.<br />

Results: Mean (S.D.) depths <strong>of</strong> cure for all shades ranged from 2.0 (0.01)mm-3.41 (0.02)mm (L1/40s); 2.25<br />

(0.03)mm-3.82 (0.05)mm (L2/20s); 2.31 (0.02)mm-4.09 (0.01)mm (H/40s) and 2.43 (0.06)mm-4.39 (0.04)mm<br />

(L2/40s). Mean (S.D.) predicted transmission times ranged from 6.1 (0.1)s-27.5 (1.0)s and 2.0 (0.1)s-7.9 (0.2)s<br />

for units L1 and L2 respectively. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) revealed significant differences (p


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 Freelight 2<br />

2370<br />

Predicted LED Radiation Times for Shades <strong>of</strong> a Current Composite<br />

A.C.C. SHORTALL, and E. HARRINGTON, University <strong>of</strong> Birm<strong>in</strong>gham,<br />

United K<strong>in</strong>gdom, England<br />

Results: 1) Freelight 2 achieved significantly greater depths <strong>of</strong> cure <strong>in</strong> half <strong>the</strong> radiation time. 2) It cured<br />

samples with a thickness <strong>of</strong> 2 mm <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> composite tested 3 times faster than Freelight. 3) Predicted radiation<br />

time is strongly l<strong>in</strong>ked to depth <strong>of</strong> cure for <strong>the</strong> product tested.<br />

Ergebnisse: 1) Freelight 2 erzielte e<strong>in</strong>e signifikant größere Polymerisationstiefe <strong>in</strong> der halben<br />

Polymerisationszeit. 2) Freelight 2 härtete 3 mm dicke Compositproben 3mal schneller als die Freelight. 3) Bei<br />

Z250 besteht e<strong>in</strong>e enge Korrelation zwischen Polymerisationszeit und Polymerisationstiefe.<br />

5<br />

4,5<br />

4<br />

3,5<br />

3<br />

2,5<br />

2<br />

1,5<br />

1<br />

0,5<br />

light shade<br />

dark shade<br />

0<br />

Freelight/40s Freelight2/20s Freelight2/40s XL3000/40s<br />

Depth <strong>of</strong> cure <strong>in</strong> mm<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

131


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 Freelight 2<br />

2373<br />

Influence <strong>of</strong> High Power LED on Composite Hardness<br />

I. KREJCI, I. ONISOR, S. BOUILLAGUET, and T. BORTOLOTTO,<br />

University <strong>of</strong> Geneva, Switzerland<br />

Objectives: To compare <strong>the</strong> surface hardness <strong>of</strong> a composite (Z250, <strong>3M</strong> Espe) <strong>in</strong> standardized cavities, 6mm <strong>in</strong><br />

diameter, <strong>in</strong> extracted human teeth after polymerisation with A. high-power LED for 10s direct and 20s <strong>in</strong>direct<br />

(Freelight II, <strong>3M</strong> Espe), B. conventional halogen for 20s direct and 40s <strong>in</strong>direct (Trilight, <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>) and C. high<br />

power halogen for 10s direct and 20s <strong>in</strong>direct (Optilux 501 Turbo, SDSKerr).<br />

Methods: Follow<strong>in</strong>g polymerisation procedures were used: CTR (Positive control): 0.2 mm composite<br />

thickness <strong>in</strong> a teflon mould, direct 60s polymerisation <strong>in</strong> 0 mm distance with Optilux 501 Turbo 1: 2 mm<br />

composite thickness, direct polymerisation at 0 mm distance 2: 2 mm composite thickness, direct<br />

polymerisation at 5.5 mm distance 3: 0.2 mm composite thickness, <strong>in</strong>direct polymerisation through 3.0 mm<br />

composite block (EXM 260, <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>) 4: 0.2 mm composite thickness, <strong>in</strong>direct polymerisation through 3.0 mm<br />

ceramic block (1M2C/I12, Vita) After stor<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> samples for 7 days <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> dark and <strong>in</strong> 100% humidity at 37°C,<br />

hardness was determ<strong>in</strong>ed.<br />

Results: Vicker?s bottom hardness (Means & standard deviations (SD); n =15) Group CTR A1 A2 A3 A4 B1<br />

B2 B3 B4 C1 C2 C3 C4 Mean 133.1 87.0 60.8 81.0 73.1 60.3 63.8 75.9 86.3 73.4 68.6 60.6 68.6 SD 18.5 7.5<br />

5.7 9.4 3.8 3.1 3.5 5.3 8.9 5.5 3.2 7.5 5.5 Significant differences were found (ANOVA, Scheffe´s, p < 0.05).<br />

Conclusions: In most <strong>in</strong>stances, <strong>the</strong> high power LED was able to cut polymerisation times to about 50% <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

conventional halogen lamp and delivered better hardness values than <strong>the</strong> high power halogen lamp. If compared<br />

to <strong>the</strong> control group, <strong>the</strong> hardness values <strong>of</strong> all test groups were significantly lower.<br />

Aim <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Study: The objective <strong>of</strong> this study was to determ<strong>in</strong>e <strong>the</strong> surface hardness <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> Z250<br />

Universal Restorative after polymerisation with ei<strong>the</strong>r Elipar Freelight 2 for 10 s <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> direct and 20 s <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

<strong>in</strong>direct mode (through composite and ceramic blocks <strong>of</strong> various thicknesses), Elipar Trilight for 20 s <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

direct and 40 s <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>direct mode, and Optilux 501 Turbo for 10 s <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> direct and 20 s <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>direct mode.<br />

Ziel der Studie: Ziel der Untersuchung war es, die Oberflächenhärte von <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> Z250 Universal-Composite<br />

zu bestimmen jeweils nach Polymerisation mit der Elipar Freelight 2 für 10 s bei direkter und 20 s bei <strong>in</strong>direkter<br />

Bestrahlung (durch Composite- und Keramikblöcke verschiedener Stärke), der Elipar Trilight für 20 s bei<br />

direkter und 40 s bei <strong>in</strong>direkter Bestrahlung, und der Optilux 501 Turbo für 10 s bei direkter und 20 s bei<br />

<strong>in</strong>direkter Bestrahlung.<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

132


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003 Freelight 2<br />

2373<br />

Influence <strong>of</strong> High Power LED on Composite Hardness<br />

I. KREJCI, I. ONISOR, S. BOUILLAGUET, and T. BORTOLOTTO,<br />

University <strong>of</strong> Geneva, Switzerland<br />

Results: In most <strong>in</strong>stances, Elipar Freelight 2 was able to cut polymerisation times to about 50% <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Elipar<br />

Trilight and delivered better hardness values than <strong>the</strong> Optilux 501 Turbo.<br />

Ergebnisse: In den meisten Fällen war die Elipar Freelight 2 <strong>in</strong> der Lage, die Polymerisationszeiten gegenüber<br />

der Elipar Trilight zu halbieren und erzielte größere Oberflächenhärten als die Optilux 501 Turbo.<br />

100<br />

Freelight 2 Trilight Optilux 501 Turbo<br />

90<br />

80<br />

70<br />

60<br />

50<br />

40<br />

30<br />

20<br />

10<br />

0<br />

2 mm composite, direct<br />

cur<strong>in</strong>g, 0 mm distance<br />

2 mm composite, direct<br />

cur<strong>in</strong>g, 5.5 mm distance<br />

0.2 mm composite,<br />

<strong>in</strong>direct cur<strong>in</strong>g through 3<br />

mm composite<br />

0.2 mm composite,<br />

<strong>in</strong>direct cur<strong>in</strong>g through 3<br />

mm ceramic<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

133


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003<br />

Scientific Outlook KMMP<br />

1984<br />

Mix<strong>in</strong>g time and dos<strong>in</strong>g accuracy <strong>of</strong> handmix glass ionomer restoratives<br />

S. Frank, R. Peez, J. Leykauff, <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG, Seefeld, Germany<br />

Objectives: Mix<strong>in</strong>g properties and dos<strong>in</strong>g accuracy <strong>of</strong> handmix fill<strong>in</strong>g materials are important factors for <strong>the</strong><br />

quality and reliability <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> result. The purpose <strong>of</strong> this study was to <strong>in</strong>vestigate mix<strong>in</strong>g and dos<strong>in</strong>g properties <strong>of</strong><br />

an experimental handmix glass ionomer fill<strong>in</strong>g material (KMMP, <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>) <strong>in</strong> comparison to commercially<br />

available materials.<br />

Methods: To judge <strong>the</strong> mix<strong>in</strong>g properties, KMMP and two commercially available materials were comparably<br />

mixed by 35 dentists accord<strong>in</strong>g to <strong>the</strong> manufacturer <strong>in</strong>structions. Afterwards ease <strong>of</strong> mix<strong>in</strong>g and mix<strong>in</strong>g time<br />

were assessed.<br />

An exact determ<strong>in</strong>ation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> mix<strong>in</strong>g time was carried out with 16 dental assistants. An appropriate amount <strong>of</strong><br />

powder and liquid <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tested materials was mixed to get 750mg <strong>of</strong> paste. The time needed to obta<strong>in</strong> a<br />

homogeneous paste was measured 6 times each.<br />

To determ<strong>in</strong>e <strong>the</strong> dos<strong>in</strong>g accuracy <strong>of</strong> each material <strong>the</strong> amount <strong>of</strong> powder <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> leveled dos<strong>in</strong>g spoon was<br />

weighed for 15 times.<br />

Results: The dentists judged KMMP to be easier to mix compared to Ketac Molar by 87% and to Fuji IX by<br />

86% and to consume less time for mix<strong>in</strong>g compared to Ketac Molar by 75% and to Fuji IX by 71%.<br />

Average mix<strong>in</strong>g time (± standard deviation) and variation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> masses <strong>of</strong> dosed powder (expressed by<br />

percentage) are given <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> table. Groups with no statistically significant difference (pairwise t-test, p=0.05) are<br />

marked by <strong>the</strong> same characters.<br />

KMMP<br />

(<strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>)<br />

Ketac Molar<br />

(<strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong>)<br />

Fuji IX<br />

(GC)<br />

Mix<strong>in</strong>g time [sec] 33±7 a 45±10 b 35±8 a 43±9 b<br />

Dos<strong>in</strong>g accuracy [%] 4 10 8 10<br />

Ion<strong>of</strong>il Molar<br />

(Voco)<br />

Conclusions: KMMP is <strong>the</strong> easiest to mix handmix glass ionomer fill<strong>in</strong>g material and is significantly more<br />

reliable to dose than commercially available materials. KMMP and Fuji IX are less time consum<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> mix<strong>in</strong>g.<br />

Delta 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0<br />

Conclusions: At <strong>the</strong> 6-Month recall: 1) all categories except CM were unchanged from basel<strong>in</strong>e; 2) CM showed<br />

a decrease <strong>in</strong> color match for 10 % <strong>of</strong> restorations, and 3) Overall cl<strong>in</strong>ical performance is acceptable for rout<strong>in</strong>e<br />

cl<strong>in</strong>ical use. Study supported by <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong><br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

134


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003<br />

Scientific Outlook KMMP<br />

1984<br />

Mix<strong>in</strong>g time and dos<strong>in</strong>g accuracy <strong>of</strong> handmix glass ionomer restoratives<br />

S. Frank, R. Peez, J. Leykauff, <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG, Seefeld, Germany<br />

Aim <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Study: The objective <strong>of</strong> this cl<strong>in</strong>ical trial was to evaluate <strong>the</strong> cl<strong>in</strong>ical performance <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

nanocomposite <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> Filtek Supreme at 6 months with regard to to marg<strong>in</strong>al adaptation, anatomic form,<br />

color match, secondary caries, marg<strong>in</strong>al discoloration and polishability, us<strong>in</strong>g modified USPHS criteria.<br />

Ziel der Studie: Ziel der kl<strong>in</strong>ischen Studie war es, das kl<strong>in</strong>ische Verhalten des Nano-Composites <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong><br />

Filtek Supreme nach 6 Monaten mit Hilfe modifizierter USPHS-Kriterien im H<strong>in</strong>blick auf die marg<strong>in</strong>ale<br />

Adaptation, anatomische Form, Farbübere<strong>in</strong>stimmung, Randverfärbung und Polierbarkeit zu beurteilen.<br />

Results: As shown <strong>in</strong> table above. All categories except color match were unchanged from basel<strong>in</strong>e. The overall<br />

cl<strong>in</strong>ical performance is acceptable for rout<strong>in</strong>e cl<strong>in</strong>ical use.<br />

Ergebnisse: Wie <strong>in</strong> oben stehender Tabelle gezeigt. Alle Kategorien mit Ausnahme der Farbübere<strong>in</strong>stimmung<br />

blieben im Vergleich zur Ausgangssituation unverändert. Insgesamt ist die kl<strong>in</strong>ische Leistungsfähigkeit<br />

akzeptabel für den rout<strong>in</strong>emäßigen kl<strong>in</strong>ischen E<strong>in</strong>satz.<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

135


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003<br />

Scientific Outlook KMMP<br />

0703<br />

Highly Effective Enzymatic Digestion <strong>of</strong> Carious Dent<strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong> vitro<br />

M.J. NOACK 1 , M.J. WICHT 1 , R. HAAK 1 , and I. HAEBERLEIN 2 , 1<br />

University <strong>of</strong> Cologne, Germany, 2 <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG, Seefeld, Germany<br />

The use <strong>of</strong> proteolytic enzymes has alternatively been proposed for less traumatic excavation <strong>of</strong> carious dent<strong>in</strong>.<br />

In practice, however, <strong>the</strong> time needed to enzymatically excavate one cavity was too long.<br />

Objectives: Purpose <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> present study was to <strong>in</strong>vestigate <strong>the</strong> effectiveness <strong>of</strong> an experimental enzymesolution<br />

to dissolve irreversibly dem<strong>in</strong>eralised dent<strong>in</strong> from deep carious lesions.<br />

Methods: Eighteen extracted human molars exhibit<strong>in</strong>g lesions exceed<strong>in</strong>g 50% <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> dent<strong>in</strong> were selected and<br />

randomly assigned to 3 groups. 0.2 ml <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> experimental solution <strong>of</strong> enzymes SFC–II (3 M <strong>ESPE</strong> AG) were<br />

repeatedly applied with disposable brushes onto <strong>the</strong> lesion until <strong>the</strong> dent<strong>in</strong> surface was cl<strong>in</strong>ically free <strong>of</strong> caries (2<br />

operators, explorer). As for control round burr excavation and chemo-mechanical excavation with Carisolv <strong>in</strong><br />

comb<strong>in</strong>ation with modified excavators were used. The histological layer <strong>in</strong> which <strong>the</strong> excavation border was<br />

located was assessed on serial sections us<strong>in</strong>g polariz<strong>in</strong>g light microscopy (Axiovert 135, Carl Zeiss, Germany).<br />

Results: The treatment times <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> experimental solution <strong>of</strong> enzymes were slower than excavation with burs<br />

but faster than us<strong>in</strong>g Carisolv (p < 0.05). With polarization microscopy 92 % <strong>of</strong> sections showed normal or<br />

sclerotic dent<strong>in</strong> for rotary excavated teeth (control) which was not different to <strong>the</strong> enzyme solution (91 %) and<br />

<strong>the</strong> Carisolv group (88 %) (p > 0.05). Zones <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>fected dent<strong>in</strong> could be detected <strong>in</strong> 6 % <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Carisolv sections<br />

and 9 % <strong>of</strong> enzyme treated sections as opposed to none <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> control sections.<br />

Conclusions: It can be concluded that excavation <strong>of</strong> carious dent<strong>in</strong> with enzymatic digestion is as complete as<br />

with round burs or Carisolv. The enzymatic technique is less time consum<strong>in</strong>g than chemo-mechanical<br />

excavation. Cl<strong>in</strong>ical studies have to confirm <strong>the</strong> potential <strong>of</strong> this patient-orientated alternative.<br />

Aim <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Study: The aim <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> study was to <strong>in</strong>vestigate <strong>the</strong> effectiveness <strong>of</strong> an enzyme solution to dissolve<br />

irreversibly dem<strong>in</strong>eralised dent<strong>in</strong> from deep carious lesions <strong>in</strong> comparison with burs and Carisolv.<br />

Ziel der Studie: Ziel der Studie war es, die Effizienz e<strong>in</strong>er Enzymlösung zu untersuchen h<strong>in</strong>sichtlich der<br />

Auflösung irreversibel dem<strong>in</strong>eralisierten Dent<strong>in</strong>s <strong>in</strong> tiefen kariösen Läsionen im Vergleich zu Bohrern und<br />

Carisolv.<br />

Results: The required treatment time for <strong>the</strong> enzyme solution was longer than bur excavation but shorter than<br />

Carisolv. The excavation <strong>of</strong> carious dent<strong>in</strong> with <strong>the</strong> enzyme solution was as complete as with round burs or<br />

Carisolv.<br />

Ergebnisse: Die für das Exkavieren benötigte Behandlungszeit war bei der Enzymlösung länger im Vergleich<br />

zum Bohrer, aber kürzer im Vergleich zu Carisolv. Das Exkavieren kariösen Dent<strong>in</strong>s mit der Enzymlösung war<br />

ebenso vollständig wie mit Bohrern oder Carisolv.<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

136


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003<br />

Scientific Outlook Artica<strong>in</strong>e<br />

0287<br />

Comparative Inquiry <strong>of</strong> Artica<strong>in</strong>e 4% with Ep<strong>in</strong>ephr<strong>in</strong>e 1:200.000 and<br />

1:100.000<br />

G. SALEH, B. STEPHAN, N. KUEHN, S. MICHAELIS, and W.H.-M.<br />

RAAB, He<strong>in</strong>rich-He<strong>in</strong>e-University, Duesseldorf, Germany<br />

Objectives: In this study two different solutions <strong>of</strong> Artica<strong>in</strong>e 4%, conta<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g ep<strong>in</strong>ephr<strong>in</strong>e 1:100000 or 1:200000,<br />

were compared due to <strong>the</strong>ir anes<strong>the</strong>tic potential. A computer controlled anes<strong>the</strong>tic delivery system The Wand®<br />

was used <strong>in</strong> order to have a standardized Application.<br />

Methods: Studies were carried out on upper middle <strong>in</strong>cisors <strong>of</strong> 10 young healthy volunteers. After <strong>in</strong>jection <strong>of</strong><br />

0.5ml Artica<strong>in</strong>e-solution (1:100000 or 1:200000, double-bl<strong>in</strong>d) with The Wand®, pulpal pa<strong>in</strong> perception was<br />

determ<strong>in</strong>ed. Constant current electrical pulp test was used as described by Raab et al. Measurements began with<br />

<strong>in</strong>jection and ended with <strong>the</strong> threshold level reach<strong>in</strong>g basel<strong>in</strong>e level. Threshold levels>200µA were regarded as<br />

complete anes<strong>the</strong>sia. There was at least one week latency between <strong>the</strong> two measurements. Statistical analysis<br />

was carried out by T-Test (SPSS).<br />

Results: The time from <strong>in</strong>jection to complete anes<strong>the</strong>sia was <strong>the</strong> same for both solutions (mean:2.8 m<strong>in</strong>). There<br />

is a statistically significant difference <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> duration <strong>of</strong> complete anes<strong>the</strong>sia between <strong>the</strong> two solutions.<br />

Artica<strong>in</strong>e with 1:100000 (mean=54,8m<strong>in</strong>) shows a longer duration as 1:200000 (mean=40,2m<strong>in</strong>).<br />

Conclusions: In this experimental setup Artica<strong>in</strong>e with ep<strong>in</strong>ephr<strong>in</strong>e 1:100000 shows a longer duration <strong>of</strong><br />

anes<strong>the</strong>sia than 1:200000. This is similar to <strong>the</strong> results <strong>of</strong> former studies.<br />

Aim <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Study: Compare <strong>the</strong> anes<strong>the</strong>tic potential <strong>of</strong> Artica<strong>in</strong>e 4% with ep<strong>in</strong>ephr<strong>in</strong>e 1:100000 or 1:200000.<br />

Ziel der Studie: Vergleich des anäs<strong>the</strong>tischen Potenzials von Artica<strong>in</strong>e 4% mit Ep<strong>in</strong>ephr<strong>in</strong> (Adrenal<strong>in</strong>)<br />

1:100000 oder 1:200000.<br />

Results: Time from <strong>in</strong>jection to complete anes<strong>the</strong>sia is <strong>the</strong> same. But duration <strong>of</strong> complete anes<strong>the</strong>sia is longer<br />

with Artica<strong>in</strong>e + Ep<strong>in</strong>ephr<strong>in</strong>e 1:100000 than Artica<strong>in</strong>e+Ep<strong>in</strong>ephr<strong>in</strong>e 1:200000.<br />

Ergebnis: Die Zeit von der Injektion bis zur vollständigen Betäubung ist die gleiche. Jedoch ist die Dauer der<br />

vollständigen Betäubung länger mit Artica<strong>in</strong>e + Ep<strong>in</strong>ephr<strong>in</strong> 1:100000 als mit Artica<strong>in</strong>e + Ep<strong>in</strong>ephr<strong>in</strong> 1:200000.<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

137


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

IADR 2003<br />

Scientific Outlook Concise White Sealant<br />

2004<br />

Characterization and Inhibitory Effect <strong>of</strong> Pit & Fissure Sealants<br />

Incorporat<strong>in</strong>g Antibacterial Filler<br />

Y.-I. OH 1 , H.-B. KIM 2 , D.-Y. LEE 1 , and K.-N. KIM 1 , 1 Bra<strong>in</strong> Korea 21 Project<br />

for Medical <strong>Science</strong>, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea, 2 Yonsei<br />

University, Seoul, South Korea<br />

Objectives: Res<strong>in</strong> composites with antibacterial activity may be useful for prevent<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> secondary caries<br />

frequently seen around restorations. The purposes <strong>of</strong> this study were to <strong>in</strong>vestigate antibacterial light-activated<br />

pit and fissure sealants <strong>in</strong>corporat<strong>in</strong>g an antibacterial filler and evaluate <strong>the</strong>ir <strong>in</strong>hibitory effect aga<strong>in</strong>st<br />

Streptococcus mutans.<br />

Methods: The antibacterial material used <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> study was AP-7 (Nisho Co., Japan; particle size: 0.5~1.5 µm).<br />

It was a commercial <strong>in</strong>organic-organic hybrid antibacterial powder (zirconium phosphate + organic antibacterial<br />

component). The AP-7 <strong>of</strong> 0.5, 1, 2, and 5 wt % were mixed with commercial pit and fissure sealant, Concise TM<br />

(<strong>3M</strong> Co., St. Paul., MN, USA), to prepare new antibacterial sealants. The cure depth, cure time, water sorption,<br />

and solubility <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> antibacterial sealants were evaluated. To study <strong>in</strong>hibitory effect <strong>of</strong> antibacterial sealants<br />

aga<strong>in</strong>st S. mutans, disk-shaped polymerized specimens were prepared. The pre-cultured S. mutans was<br />

<strong>in</strong>oculated on <strong>the</strong> top surface <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> specimen. After <strong>in</strong>cubation at 37 o C for 24 h, S. mutans was recovered and<br />

each bacterial suspension was <strong>in</strong>oculated on BHI agar plates. After <strong>in</strong>cubation for 48h at 37 o C, <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong><br />

colony was determ<strong>in</strong>ed. Concise TM was used as a control for all tests.<br />

Results: The cure depth was slightly decreased with <strong>the</strong> addition <strong>of</strong> AP-7. No significant difference <strong>in</strong> cure<br />

time, water sorption, and solubility was observed between <strong>the</strong> control and antibacterial sealants (Kruskal-Wallis<br />

test, p > 0.05). Growth <strong>of</strong> S. mutans was strongly <strong>in</strong>hibited by contact with <strong>the</strong> surface <strong>of</strong> cured AP-7-conta<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g<br />

sealants. Agar overlay test <strong>in</strong>dicated no cytotoxicity (L929 cell) for <strong>the</strong> AP-7-conta<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g sealants.<br />

Conclusions: These results <strong>in</strong>dicate that <strong>the</strong> dental res<strong>in</strong> composites <strong>in</strong>corporat<strong>in</strong>g antibacterial filler such as<br />

AP-7 may be useful cl<strong>in</strong>ically because <strong>of</strong> its <strong>in</strong>hibitory effect aga<strong>in</strong>st S. mutans and its favorable mechanical<br />

properties. Supported by <strong>the</strong> Bra<strong>in</strong> Korea 21 Project for Medical <strong>Science</strong>, Yonsei University <strong>in</strong> 2002.<br />

Ziel der Studie: Res<strong>in</strong>composite mit antibakterieller Aktivität können für die Prävention von Sekundärkaries<br />

nützlich se<strong>in</strong>, wie sie <strong>of</strong>t um Restaurationen beobachtet wird. Das Ziel dieser Studie war es, die antibakteriellen,<br />

lichtaktivierten Loch- und Fissurenversiegler zu untersuchen, die e<strong>in</strong>en antibakteriellen Füller enthalten, und<br />

ihren hemmenden Effekt gegenüber Streptococcus mutans zu evaluieren.<br />

Ergebnisse: Diese Resultate weisen darauf h<strong>in</strong>, dass die dentalen Res<strong>in</strong>composite, die antibakterielle Füller wie<br />

AP-7 enthalten, aufgrund dessen hemmender Wirkung gegen S. mutans und se<strong>in</strong>er günstigen mechanischen<br />

Eigenschaften von kl<strong>in</strong>ischem Nutzen se<strong>in</strong> können.<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

138


SCIENTIFIC FACTS<br />

81 st IADR Meet<strong>in</strong>g<br />

Göteborg, Sweden, June 25 – 28, 2003<br />

ConsEuro 2003<br />

Munich, Germany, June 5 - 7, 2003<br />

AADR/CADR Annual Meet<strong>in</strong>g<br />

San Antonio, Texas, March 12 – 15, 2003<br />

ADM 2002<br />

Honolulu, USA, October 29 – November 1, 2002<br />

IADR/BSDR/CED<br />

Cardiff, UK, September 25 – 28, 2002<br />

26th Annual Conference EPA,<br />

Dubrovnic, Croatia, September 26 – 28, 2002<br />

<strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG <strong>ESPE</strong> Platz | 82229 Seefeld | Germany<br />

Phone: 0049 8152 700 – 0 | Fax.: 0049 8152 700 -1366<br />

E-mail: <strong>in</strong>fo3mespe@mmm.com | www.3mespe.de<br />

<strong>3M</strong>, <strong>ESPE</strong>, Garant, Adper, Aplicap, Cl<strong>in</strong>pro, Compolute, Concise, EBS, Elipar, Filtek, Impregum, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm, Penta, Permadyne, Position, Prompt, Protemp, RelyX,<br />

Rocatec, S<strong>in</strong>fony, S<strong>of</strong>-Lex, Vitrebond, Z100 are Trademarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>3M</strong> or <strong>3M</strong> <strong>ESPE</strong> AG.<br />

139

Hooray! Your file is uploaded and ready to be published.

Saved successfully!

Ooh no, something went wrong!