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Getting the Current Date & Time: .......................................................... 135 Various Date & Time Functions: ............................................................ 136 Objects ................................................................................. 142 Object Oriented Concepts:..................................................................... 142 Defining Pascal Objects ......................................................................... 143 Visibility of the Object Members ............................................................. 146 Constructors and Destructors for Pascal Objects: ................................. 146 Inheritance for Pascal Objects: .............................................................. 148 Classes ................................................................................ 152 Defining Pascal Classes: ....................................................................... 152 Visibility of the Class Members .............................................................. 155 Constructors and Destructors for Pascal Classes: ................................. 156 Inheritance: ............................................................................................ 157 Interfaces: .............................................................................................. 160 Abstract Classes: ................................................................................... 160 Static Keyword: ...................................................................................... 161 iii
CHAPTER 1 Pascal Overview This chapter describes the basic definition and concepts of Pascal. Pascal is a general-purpose, high-level language that was originally developed by Niklaus Wirth in the early 1970s. It was developed for teaching programming as a systematic discipline and to develop reliable and efficient programs. Pascal is Algol-based language and includes many constructs of Algol. Algol-60 is a subset of Pascal. Pascal offers several data types and programming structures. It is easy to understand and maintain the Pascal programs. Pascal has grown in popularity in the teaching and academics arena for various reasons: Easy to learn. Structured language. It produces transparent, efficient and reliable programs. It can be compiled on a variety of computer platforms. Features of the Pascal Language? Pascal has the following features: Pascal is a strongly typed language. It offers extensive error checking. It offers several data types like arrays, records, files and sets. It offers a variety of programming structures. It supports structured programming through functions and procedures. It supports object oriented programming. Facts about Pascal The Pascal language was named for Blaise Pascal, French mathematician and pioneer in computer development. Niklaus Wirth completed development of the original Pascal programming language in 1970. TUTORIALSPOINT Simply Easy Learning Page 1
Page 1 and 2: Pascal Tutorial
Page 3 and 4: ABOUT THE TUTORIAL Pascal Tutorial
Page 5 and 6: Declaring Constants ...............
Page 7: Accessing Two-Dimensional Array Ele
Page 11 and 12: CHAPTER 2 Environment This section
Page 13 and 14: Name and version of text editor can
Page 15 and 16: Pascal Hello World Example Followin
Page 17 and 18: CHAPTER 4 Basic Syntax You have see
Page 19 and 20: The Pascal character set consists o
Page 21 and 22: Type Declarations: The type declara
Page 23 and 24: Subrange Types Subrange types allow
Page 25 and 26: Pascal programming language also al
Page 27 and 28: Enumerated Variables You have seen
Page 29 and 30: CHAPTER 7 Constants This section sh
Page 31 and 32: CHAPTER 8 Operators This section sh
Page 33 and 34: Checks if the value of left operand
Page 35 and 36: When the above code is compiled and
Page 37 and 38: program beBitwise; var a, b, c: int
Page 39 and 40: CHAPTER 9 Decision Making This sect
Page 41 and 42: Example: Let us try a complete exam
Page 43 and 44: Example: Let us try a complete exam
Page 45 and 46: Nested if-then Statements It is alw
Page 47 and 48: The following rules apply to a case
Page 49 and 50: Flow Diagram: Example: The followin
Page 51 and 52: CHAPTER 10 Loops This section shows
Page 53 and 54: Flow Diagram: Here, key point of th
Page 55 and 56: Flow Diagram Example: program forLo
Page 57 and 58: Example: program repeatUntilLoop; v
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When the above code is compiled and
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Example: program exBreak; var a: in
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Example: program exContinue; var a:
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Example: The following program illu
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Defining a Function: In Pascal, a f
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variable named m. The variable m is
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program exRecursion; var num, f: in
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procedure swap(x, y: integer); var
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Now, let us extend the program litt
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Let us change the previous example
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12 function AnsiStrLower( Str: PCha
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CHAPTER 15 Boolean This section sho
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CHAPTER 16 Arrays This section show
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Initializing Arrays In Pascal, arra
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Two-Dimensional Arrays: The simples
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The following example declares and
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Passing Arrays as Subprogram Argume
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Following are some valid pointer de
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To check for a nil pointer, you can
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program exPointers; const MAX = 3;
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program exPointers; const MAX = 3;
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Value of num = 3000 Value available
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CHAPTER 18 Records This section sho
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(* book 2 specification *) Book2.ti
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type record-ptr = ^ record-name; re
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(* book 1 specification *) Book1.ti
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Example: The following example woul
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Set Operators You can perform the f
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CHAPTER 21 File Handling This secti
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Reads data from a file into memory
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Reads from file into variable and g
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CHAPTER 22 Memory Management This s
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Resizing and Releasing Memory When
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Frees dynamically allocated memory
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Returns segment 37 procedure SetMem
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eadkey; clrscr; gotoxy(20,3); write
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Program DateDemo; uses sysutils; va
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14 function EncodeDate( Year: Word;
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39 function TimeStampToDateTime( co
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Objects This section shows the conc
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type Rectangle = object private len
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egin r1.init(3, 7); writeln('Draw a
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function TableTop.getmaterial(): st
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Classes This section shows the clas
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{$mode objfpc} // directive to be u
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Constructors and Destructors for Pa
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program inheritanceExample; {$MODE
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