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Accessing Two-Dimensional Array Elements: ......................................... 85
Declaring Dynamic Arrays ....................................................................... 86
Declaring Packed Arrays ......................................................................... 88
Pointers .................................................................................. 90
What Are Pointers? .................................................................................. 90
Printing a Memory Address in Pascal ...................................................... 91
NILL Pointers ........................................................................................... 92
Pascal Pointers in Detail: ......................................................................... 93
Incrementing a Pointer ............................................................................. 94
Decrementing a Pointer ........................................................................... 94
Pointer Comparisons ............................................................................... 95
Records ................................................................................ 101
Defining a Record .................................................................................. 101
Accessing Fields of a Record ................................................................ 102
Records as Subprogram Arguments ...................................................... 103
Pointers to Records ............................................................................... 104
The With Statement ............................................................................... 106
Variants ................................................................................ 108
Declaring a Variant ................................................................................ 108
Example: ................................................................................................ 109
Sets ...................................................................................... 110
Defining Set Types and Variables .......................................................... 110
Set Operators ........................................................................................ 111
Example: ................................................................................................ 112
File Handling ........................................................................ 114
Creating and Writing to a File ................................................................ 115
Reading from a File ............................................................................... 115
Files as Subprogram Parameter ............................................................ 116
Text Files ............................................................................................... 117
Appending to a File ................................................................................ 118
File Handling Functions ......................................................................... 118
Memory Management .......................................................... 124
Allocating Memory Dynamically ............................................................. 124
Resizing and Releasing Memory ........................................................... 126
Memory Management Functions ........................................................... 127
Units ..................................................................................... 131
Using Built-in Units ................................................................................ 131
Creating and Using a Pascal Unit .......................................................... 132
Date Time ............................................................................ 135
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