Public Open Space in the City of College Park, Maryland:
Public Open Space in the City of College Park, Maryland:
Public Open Space in the City of College Park, Maryland:
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<strong>Public</strong> <strong>Open</strong> <strong>Space</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong>, <strong>Maryland</strong>:<br />
Analysis <strong>of</strong> Three Potential Locations<br />
University <strong>of</strong> <strong>Maryland</strong><br />
Department <strong>of</strong> Urban Studies and Plann<strong>in</strong>g
TABLE OF CONTENTS<br />
PREFACE................................................................................................................................................... 1<br />
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY............................................................................................................................ 3<br />
INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 4<br />
LITERATURE REVIEW.............................................................................................................................. 6<br />
Social Benefits.......................................................................................................................................... 6<br />
Crime and <strong>Park</strong>s....................................................................................................................................... 6<br />
Mental Health ........................................................................................................................................... 6<br />
Physical Health......................................................................................................................................... 6<br />
Community Quality................................................................................................................................... 7<br />
Economic Benefits.................................................................................................................................... 7<br />
Environmental Quality .............................................................................................................................. 8<br />
METHODOLOGY ..................................................................................................................................... 10<br />
Secondary and Reference Data............................................................................................................. 10<br />
Field Observations ................................................................................................................................. 10<br />
E-mail Surveys ....................................................................................................................................... 10<br />
Personal Interviews ................................................................................................................................ 11<br />
Meet<strong>in</strong>gs................................................................................................................................................. 11<br />
Suitability Table ...................................................................................................................................... 11<br />
ANALYSIS................................................................................................................................................ 12<br />
Exist<strong>in</strong>g Conditions................................................................................................................................. 12<br />
Exist<strong>in</strong>g Plans......................................................................................................................................... 13<br />
Issues <strong>of</strong> <strong>Public</strong> <strong>Space</strong> <strong>in</strong> Downtown <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> ............................................................................... 14<br />
Suitability Analysis.................................................................................................................................. 17<br />
COLLEGE PARK SHOPPING CENTER ................................................................................................. 18<br />
History and Exist<strong>in</strong>g Conditions ............................................................................................................. 18<br />
Identified Problems................................................................................................................................. 19<br />
Suitability ................................................................................................................................................ 20<br />
Recommendations/Guidel<strong>in</strong>es ............................................................................................................... 21<br />
Implementation/Ma<strong>in</strong>tenance ................................................................................................................. 25<br />
MARYLAND BOOK EXCHANGE............................................................................................................ 26<br />
History and Exist<strong>in</strong>g Conditions ............................................................................................................. 26<br />
Identified Problems................................................................................................................................. 27<br />
Suitability ................................................................................................................................................ 27<br />
Recommendations/Guidel<strong>in</strong>es ............................................................................................................... 28<br />
Implementation/Ma<strong>in</strong>tenance ................................................................................................................. 30<br />
SOUTH GATE PARK............................................................................................................................... 32<br />
History and Exist<strong>in</strong>g Conditions ............................................................................................................. 32<br />
Identified Problems................................................................................................................................. 33<br />
Suitability ................................................................................................................................................ 33<br />
Recommendations/Guidel<strong>in</strong>es ............................................................................................................... 34<br />
Implementation/Ma<strong>in</strong>tenance ................................................................................................................. 35<br />
CONCLUSION.......................................................................................................................................... 37<br />
BIBLIOGRAPHY ...................................................................................................................................... 38<br />
APPENDIX 1: SUMMARIES ON EXISTING PLANS AND PUBLIC SPACE.......................................... 39<br />
<strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> Comprehensive Plan <strong>of</strong> 1995 and Update <strong>of</strong> 2001 .......................................................... 39<br />
Prelim<strong>in</strong>ary <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> US 1 Corridor Sector Plan............................................................................. 39<br />
Langley <strong>Park</strong>–<strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong>–Greenbelt Approved Master Plan <strong>of</strong> 1989............................................ 40<br />
University <strong>of</strong> <strong>Maryland</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong>, Facilities Master Plan 2002......................................................... 42<br />
APPENDIX 2: SUMMARY OF SITE OBSERVATIONS .......................................................................... 43<br />
APPENDIX 3: COLLEGE PARK LOCAL ASSN. SURVEY RESULTS .................................................. 46<br />
APPENDIX 4: LIST OF PROFESSIONALS INTERVIEWED .................................................................. 48<br />
APPENDIX 5: SUITABILITY TABLES .................................................................................................... 49<br />
APPENDIX 6: ADDITIONAL DESIGN GUIDELINES.............................................................................. 51
PREFACE<br />
Picture 1: Potential <strong>Public</strong> <strong>Space</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong><br />
Source: Team Photo<br />
Urban public spaces will become <strong>in</strong>creas<strong>in</strong>gly<br />
important as cities <strong>in</strong> this region cont<strong>in</strong>ue to<br />
grow. In particular, <strong>of</strong>ficials <strong>in</strong> small cities with<br />
little room for expansion have realized <strong>the</strong> need<br />
for such places. In <strong>the</strong> past, <strong>the</strong> <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>College</strong><br />
<strong>Park</strong> (<strong>City</strong>) has taken steps to develop public<br />
spaces <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> downtown area. However, <strong>the</strong><br />
issue <strong>of</strong> park<strong>in</strong>g, among o<strong>the</strong>rs, has made it<br />
virtually impossible to act. In <strong>the</strong> Fall <strong>of</strong> 2002,<br />
Roberto De Necochea, Executive Director <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
<strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> <strong>City</strong>-University Partnership, Inc.,<br />
enlisted <strong>the</strong> assistance <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> members <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
University <strong>of</strong> <strong>Maryland</strong> (University), Urban<br />
Studies and Plann<strong>in</strong>g Studio (Team). The Team<br />
functioned under <strong>the</strong> direction <strong>of</strong> Dr. William<br />
Hanna, Urban Studies and Plann<strong>in</strong>g Pr<strong>of</strong>essor,<br />
and worked <strong>in</strong> conjunction with a Team <strong>of</strong><br />
students exam<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> issue <strong>of</strong> public space <strong>in</strong><br />
Langley <strong>Park</strong>’s International Coridor.<br />
This Report outl<strong>in</strong>es <strong>the</strong> benefits <strong>of</strong> public space, identifies <strong>the</strong> need for public space <strong>in</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong>, and<br />
presents a strategy for <strong>the</strong> creation <strong>of</strong> public space. The Team believes that <strong>the</strong> presence <strong>of</strong> public space<br />
<strong>in</strong> Colege <strong>Park</strong> wil contribute to <strong>the</strong> creation <strong>of</strong> a true “colege town” atmosphere. The creation <strong>of</strong> such<br />
an atmosphere, mutually beneficial to <strong>the</strong> University and <strong>the</strong> <strong>City</strong>, is an atta<strong>in</strong>able goal and one that<br />
should be actively pursued. The University and <strong>City</strong> Adm<strong>in</strong>istrators will be <strong>in</strong>strumental <strong>in</strong> br<strong>in</strong>g<strong>in</strong>g about<br />
mean<strong>in</strong>gful change to <strong>the</strong> current configuration <strong>of</strong> open space.<br />
The Team’s research <strong>in</strong>cluded <strong>in</strong>terviews with <strong>City</strong> and University <strong>of</strong>icials; <strong>the</strong> Downtown Colege <strong>Park</strong><br />
Merchants’ Association (Merchants’ Association); property owners and managers; pr<strong>of</strong>essionals <strong>in</strong><br />
landscape architecture; and site surveys, resident association <strong>in</strong>put, and <strong>the</strong> Team’s understand<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong><br />
plann<strong>in</strong>g and design pr<strong>in</strong>ciples. Based on this research, <strong>the</strong> Team presents recommendations for <strong>the</strong><br />
creation <strong>of</strong> three public spaces <strong>in</strong> downtown <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> immediately adjacent to <strong>the</strong> University along<br />
Route 1.<br />
This Report represents an action-oriented plan, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g implementation guidel<strong>in</strong>es. The plan can only<br />
be implemented with cooperation between University and <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficials, because issues <strong>of</strong> park<strong>in</strong>g and<br />
ma<strong>in</strong>tenance present a major challenge. Change, however, must occur if <strong>the</strong> <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> is to<br />
meet its ful potential and function as a thriv<strong>in</strong>g colege town. The Team’s recommendations provide for<br />
outdoor seat<strong>in</strong>g, performance areas, and public art, all <strong>of</strong> which help to create a sense <strong>of</strong> place and<br />
environmental sensitivity <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> downtown area. In addition, <strong>the</strong> Team carefully considered <strong>the</strong> issues <strong>of</strong><br />
safety, park<strong>in</strong>g, and ma<strong>in</strong>tenance <strong>in</strong> mak<strong>in</strong>g its recommendations.<br />
The Report beg<strong>in</strong>s with an overview <strong>of</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> and its exist<strong>in</strong>g open space. The Team <strong>the</strong>n<br />
explores <strong>the</strong> positive social and economic impacts <strong>of</strong> public open space. After justify<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> need for such<br />
space <strong>in</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong>, <strong>the</strong> Team presents its methodology and analysis <strong>of</strong> results. The analysis <strong>in</strong>cludes<br />
a review <strong>of</strong> socio-economic data, a discussion <strong>of</strong> stakeholders and <strong>the</strong>ir perspectives, and identification <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> most appropriate sites <strong>in</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> for open space. Follow<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> analysis, <strong>the</strong> suitability <strong>of</strong> each<br />
site for specific uses is determ<strong>in</strong>ed. The latter half <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Report presents guidel<strong>in</strong>es and<br />
recommendations for each <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> spaces. Each Recommendation section <strong>in</strong>cludes <strong>the</strong> history and<br />
exist<strong>in</strong>g conditions; problems; suitability; design, walkability, community and safety guidel<strong>in</strong>es; and<br />
implementation/ma<strong>in</strong>tenance directives for each site. Extensive appendices, figures, maps and tables are<br />
<strong>in</strong>cluded follow<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> conclusion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Report. The Team hopes that this document will serve as a<br />
catalyst for <strong>the</strong> creation <strong>of</strong> successful, shared public spaces <strong>in</strong> downtown <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong>. This Report<br />
serves as a bluepr<strong>in</strong>t for action.<br />
1
Team Members<br />
Graduate Students:<br />
Michelle Bowman<br />
Rachael Coleman-Gibson<br />
Gabrielle Collard<br />
Jeff Davis<br />
Rebecca Inge<br />
Elizabeth Norton<br />
Elisa Vitale<br />
Faculty:<br />
Dr. William Hanna, Pr<strong>of</strong>essor <strong>of</strong> Urban Studies and Plann<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Special Thanks To:<br />
Brenda Alexander, Horticulturalist, <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong><br />
Shengl<strong>in</strong> Chang, Assistant Pr<strong>of</strong>essor, University <strong>of</strong> <strong>Maryland</strong> Landscape Architecture<br />
Roberto De Necochea, Executive Director, <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> <strong>City</strong>-University Partnership<br />
Sam F<strong>in</strong>z, <strong>City</strong> Manager, <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong><br />
Terri Schum, Director <strong>of</strong> Plann<strong>in</strong>g, <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong><br />
2
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY<br />
The role <strong>of</strong> public open space <strong>in</strong> urban areas has long been valued as <strong>in</strong>tegral to establish<strong>in</strong>g a sense <strong>of</strong><br />
community as well as provid<strong>in</strong>g recreational and aes<strong>the</strong>tically pleas<strong>in</strong>g environments. The <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>College</strong><br />
<strong>Park</strong> faces unique challenges <strong>in</strong> establish<strong>in</strong>g environments that are conducive to community ga<strong>the</strong>r<strong>in</strong>gs.<br />
The existence <strong>of</strong> a large university <strong>of</strong>ten impedes this challenge due to conflict<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>terests between <strong>the</strong><br />
university population and long time residents. In order to foster <strong>the</strong> development <strong>of</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> as a city<br />
with a strong identity and a sense <strong>of</strong> community it is necessary to implement plans that focus on<br />
develop<strong>in</strong>g shared spaces.<br />
In order to create an action plan for <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>clusion <strong>of</strong> open spaces <strong>in</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong>, <strong>the</strong> research conducted<br />
employed numerous mechanisms. The review <strong>of</strong> secondary and reference data provided <strong>the</strong> Team with<br />
background <strong>in</strong>formation perta<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g to <strong>the</strong> <strong>City</strong>’s land use goals and regulations, as wel as population<br />
characteristics. Primary data was also collected through <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> field observations, surveys, and<br />
suitability analysis.<br />
The review <strong>of</strong> data highlighted several issues that present challenges to implement<strong>in</strong>g open space plans.<br />
The identification <strong>of</strong> numerous concerns by residents and public <strong>of</strong>ficials, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> provision <strong>of</strong><br />
park<strong>in</strong>g, <strong>the</strong> responsibility <strong>of</strong> park ma<strong>in</strong>tenance, loiter<strong>in</strong>g, concurrent development, as well as university<br />
and neighborhood relations, received special considerations <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> development <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> plan.<br />
Through <strong>the</strong> analysis <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>formation, <strong>the</strong> Team worked closely with stakeholders to identify three sites for<br />
<strong>the</strong> development <strong>of</strong> public open space. Each area received an <strong>in</strong>-depth analysis <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong><br />
identification <strong>of</strong> exist<strong>in</strong>g problems and suitability. Recommendations and design guidel<strong>in</strong>es were<br />
developed accord<strong>in</strong>gly:<br />
<strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> Shopp<strong>in</strong>g Center<br />
Improve park<strong>in</strong>g, traffic circulation, and pedestrian thoroughfares <strong>in</strong> order to improve access<br />
Improve landscap<strong>in</strong>g elements such as light<strong>in</strong>g and plant<strong>in</strong>gs for aes<strong>the</strong>tic and safety purposes<br />
Provide street furniture along retail and restaurant storefronts to encourage outdoor d<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g<br />
Create a mural captur<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> history <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> community<br />
<strong>Maryland</strong> Book Exchange<br />
Increase pedestrian access to <strong>the</strong> green space next to <strong>the</strong> Book Exchange by creat<strong>in</strong>g<br />
meander<strong>in</strong>g paved pathways throughout <strong>the</strong> area<br />
Introduce low plant<strong>in</strong>gs along newly created pathways and street trees to act as buffers to traffic<br />
Create an outdoor d<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g space <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g tables and <strong>in</strong>formal seat<strong>in</strong>g, capitaliz<strong>in</strong>g on neighbor<strong>in</strong>g<br />
restaurants along Route 1 and <strong>College</strong> Road<br />
Create an outdoor performance space to accommodate local and University talent<br />
Southgate <strong>Park</strong><br />
Improve pedestrian l<strong>in</strong>kages throughout <strong>the</strong> open space as well as to neighbor<strong>in</strong>g retail and<br />
restaurants along Lehigh Road<br />
Remove bushes and shrubbery, which impede access and safety and replace with seasonally<br />
diverse plant<strong>in</strong>gs throughout <strong>the</strong> area.<br />
Create a paved patio surface along <strong>the</strong> Lehigh Road side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> park to accommodate outdoor<br />
seat<strong>in</strong>g as well as permanent chess tables to <strong>of</strong>fer recreational opportunities<br />
Provide a def<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g focal po<strong>in</strong>t for <strong>the</strong> space <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> form <strong>of</strong> public art<br />
The success <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se plans depends on practical and realistic implementation recommendations. The<br />
Team has proposed fund<strong>in</strong>g sources as well as potential ma<strong>in</strong>tenance opportunities unique to each <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
sites. Utiliz<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> resources <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>City</strong> as well as organizations such as <strong>the</strong> Merchant’s Association and<br />
<strong>the</strong> University <strong>of</strong> <strong>Maryland</strong> will form valuable partnerships for <strong>the</strong> creation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> physical <strong>in</strong>frastructure<br />
necessary to foster civic participation and community spirit.<br />
3
INTRODUCTION<br />
In a world <strong>in</strong>creas<strong>in</strong>gly concerned with <strong>the</strong> problems <strong>of</strong> a deteriorat<strong>in</strong>g environment -- <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g pollution,<br />
climate change, threatened and endangered plant and animal species, reliance on fossil fuels, and <strong>the</strong><br />
<strong>in</strong>appropriate development <strong>of</strong> natural and productive landscapes -- <strong>the</strong>re is a marked tendency to bypass<br />
<strong>the</strong> urban environment. Approximately 220 million Americans live <strong>in</strong> metropolitan areas. 1 When seen <strong>in</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> context <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> impact <strong>of</strong> humans on world ecosystems, it is clear that <strong>the</strong> l<strong>in</strong>ks between cities, nature,<br />
and susta<strong>in</strong>ability have pr<strong>of</strong>ound impacts on <strong>the</strong> global environment. Urban green space, <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> form <strong>of</strong><br />
small public parks, provides a range <strong>of</strong> tangible benefits, such as mitigat<strong>in</strong>g air and water pollution,<br />
combat<strong>in</strong>g suburban sprawl, provid<strong>in</strong>g opportunities for recreation, reduc<strong>in</strong>g crime and foster<strong>in</strong>g cohesive<br />
neighborhoods, attract<strong>in</strong>g bus<strong>in</strong>esses, and stabiliz<strong>in</strong>g property values. As part <strong>of</strong> a broader urban<br />
agenda, <strong>in</strong>vest<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> green space can serve as an anchor for revitaliz<strong>in</strong>g neighborhoods and build<strong>in</strong>g<br />
healthy communities. 2<br />
Although Colege <strong>Park</strong> is not a major metropolitan area, it is less than 10 miles from <strong>the</strong> Nation’s capital.<br />
Unlike Wash<strong>in</strong>gton, D.C., with its expansive network <strong>of</strong> public green space <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> National Mall and<br />
Rock Creek <strong>Park</strong>, <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> has suffered from a dis<strong>in</strong>vestment <strong>in</strong> urban green space. In turn, <strong>the</strong><br />
residents <strong>of</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> and o<strong>the</strong>r visitors to <strong>the</strong> area could pr<strong>of</strong>it from <strong>the</strong> above-mentioned benefits <strong>of</strong><br />
urban green space.<br />
Fur<strong>the</strong>r, consider<strong>in</strong>g that urban green space fosters a sense <strong>of</strong> community, <strong>the</strong> University and <strong>the</strong> <strong>City</strong><br />
should work toge<strong>the</strong>r to address this issue. The lack <strong>of</strong> sense <strong>of</strong> community among students, faculty,<br />
non-faculty employees, and community residents <strong>in</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> is a problem that severely <strong>in</strong>hibits <strong>the</strong><br />
creation <strong>of</strong> an optimum liv<strong>in</strong>g and learn<strong>in</strong>g environment. A sense <strong>of</strong> community <strong>in</strong> a university derives <strong>in</strong><br />
large part from opportunities for people to come toge<strong>the</strong>r <strong>in</strong>formally and to participate voluntarily <strong>in</strong> shared<br />
experiences. Opportunities <strong>of</strong> this k<strong>in</strong>d depend on <strong>the</strong> existence <strong>of</strong> a general sett<strong>in</strong>g for spontaneous gettoge<strong>the</strong>rs.<br />
Unfortunately, such opportunities are largely miss<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong>.<br />
Picture 2: Good <strong>Public</strong> <strong>Space</strong> Example<br />
Picture 3: Poor <strong>Public</strong> <strong>Space</strong> Example<br />
Source: Team Photo<br />
Source: Team Photo<br />
The <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> encompasses a land area <strong>of</strong> over five square miles (approximately 3,200 acres).<br />
The University <strong>of</strong> <strong>Maryland</strong> campus accounts for 1,350 square miles, or 42 percent <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>City</strong>’s total land<br />
area. <strong>Park</strong>land owned by <strong>the</strong> <strong>Maryland</strong>-National Capital <strong>Park</strong> and Plann<strong>in</strong>g Commission (M-NCPPC),<br />
accounts for an additional 660 acres, or 21 percent <strong>of</strong> total land area. M-NCPPC also owns 15 acres <strong>of</strong><br />
county public school property <strong>in</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong>. There are ano<strong>the</strong>r 471 acres <strong>of</strong> passive open space<br />
conta<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> areas surround<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> Indian Creek and Pa<strong>in</strong>t Branch stream valleys. The rema<strong>in</strong>der <strong>of</strong><br />
1 U.S. Census http://eire.census.gov/popest/archives/metro/ma99-01.txt<br />
2 Benefits <strong>of</strong> Urban <strong>Open</strong> <strong>Space</strong>, http://www.tpl.org/tier3_cdl.cfm?content_item_id=1242&folder_id=905<br />
4
<strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> (roughly 22%) is primarily residential. 3 The <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> owns and ma<strong>in</strong>ta<strong>in</strong>s 14<br />
acres <strong>of</strong> parkland with <strong>City</strong> parks at <strong>the</strong> follow<strong>in</strong>g locations:<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Friends Community School playground on Calvert Road;<br />
Old Town playground at <strong>College</strong> and Columbia Avenues;<br />
James Adams <strong>Park</strong> at Berwyn House Road and Rhode Island Avenue;<br />
The hiker-biker trail runn<strong>in</strong>g north from James Adams <strong>Park</strong> to Greenbelt Road;<br />
Branchville playground, on Branchville Road near <strong>the</strong> fire house;<br />
Crystal Spr<strong>in</strong>gs playground on 37th Avenue, <strong>of</strong>f Metzerott Road;<br />
Duvall playground and athletic field complex on Rhode Island Avenue;<br />
Hollywood playground on Hollywood Road and 48th Place;<br />
Davis playground and adjacent open space; and<br />
Muskogee playground at Muskogee Street and Narragansett <strong>Park</strong>way.<br />
<strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong>, however, falls short <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> standard 15 acres <strong>of</strong> local parkland for every 1,000 persons by<br />
approximately 90 acres. 4 In addition, all <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> exist<strong>in</strong>g parkland lies outside <strong>the</strong> downtown area.<br />
The first question to be answered <strong>in</strong> this report is -- does <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> need or even want green space <strong>in</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> downtown area? If such a space is desired, for what purpose should it be designed? To answer<br />
<strong>the</strong>se questions, <strong>the</strong> Team conducted research, reviewed previous documents, and conducted <strong>in</strong>terviews<br />
and surveys <strong>of</strong> key stakeholders. This report beg<strong>in</strong>s with a literature review, and <strong>the</strong>n follows with a<br />
discussion <strong>of</strong> methodology. The follow<strong>in</strong>g section provides our analysis. The report concludes with<br />
design guidel<strong>in</strong>es and specific recommendations for <strong>the</strong> three sites selected by <strong>the</strong> Team.<br />
Look<strong>in</strong>g to <strong>the</strong> future, <strong>the</strong> Department <strong>of</strong> Natural Resource Sciences and <strong>the</strong> Landscape Architecture<br />
Program at <strong>the</strong> University <strong>of</strong> <strong>Maryland</strong> has <strong>in</strong>dicated a will<strong>in</strong>gness and desire to help create concrete<br />
designs based on <strong>the</strong> recommendations <strong>in</strong>cluded <strong>in</strong> this report.<br />
3 Ibid. Page 8<br />
4 The 1995 <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> Comprehensive Plan<br />
5
LITERATURE REVIEW<br />
To evaluate <strong>the</strong> need for public open space <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> downtown <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> area, <strong>the</strong> Team conducted a<br />
review <strong>of</strong> literature perta<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g to <strong>the</strong> need for and benefits <strong>of</strong> open space <strong>in</strong> urban areas. Through a<br />
review <strong>of</strong> relevant research, <strong>the</strong> Team found that public open space, particularly <strong>in</strong> urban areas, provides<br />
many benefits to a community, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g positive impacts on <strong>the</strong> economy as well as <strong>the</strong> physical and<br />
social environments.<br />
Social Benefits<br />
The existence <strong>of</strong> public open space, such as parks, has been l<strong>in</strong>ked to a variety <strong>of</strong> attributes associated<br />
with <strong>the</strong> social environment. The <strong>in</strong>clusion <strong>of</strong> parks provides potential benefits at <strong>the</strong> community level as<br />
well as for <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>dividual.<br />
Crime and <strong>Park</strong>s<br />
General op<strong>in</strong>ion seems to associate vegetation and areas <strong>of</strong> open space with an <strong>in</strong>crease <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
occurrence (as well as <strong>the</strong> possibility) <strong>of</strong> crim<strong>in</strong>al activities due to decreased visibility. Large shrubberies<br />
and trees are believed to provide hid<strong>in</strong>g places for crim<strong>in</strong>als, <strong>in</strong>crease <strong>the</strong> likelihood <strong>of</strong> crime, and<br />
sometimes heighten residents’ fear <strong>of</strong> crime. 5 However, current research conducted by Kou and Sullivan<br />
po<strong>in</strong>ts to <strong>the</strong> potential benefits that vegetated areas may have on <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>cidence <strong>of</strong> crime. Properly<br />
positioned and landscaped vegetation not only fails to promote crime and decrease visibility, but may also<br />
reduce crim<strong>in</strong>al activity. Kuo and Sullivan propose that vegetation can <strong>in</strong>hibit crime through two<br />
mechanisms: by <strong>in</strong>creas<strong>in</strong>g surveillance, and by mitigat<strong>in</strong>g some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> psychological precursors to<br />
violence. Creat<strong>in</strong>g a vegetated space, such as a community park, <strong>in</strong>creases <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> visitors to <strong>the</strong><br />
area and <strong>the</strong>refore <strong>in</strong>creases <strong>the</strong> level <strong>of</strong> surveilance, similar to Jane Jacob’s suggestion tha <strong>the</strong> simple<br />
presence <strong>of</strong> “eyes on <strong>the</strong> street” can deter crime. 6 O<strong>the</strong>r research has found that even when no<br />
observers are present, crim<strong>in</strong>als might be deterred by environmental cues project<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> feel<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong><br />
surveillance, such as proper ma<strong>in</strong>tenance and light<strong>in</strong>g. 7<br />
Mental Health<br />
The second mechanism that Kuo and Sullivan po<strong>in</strong>t to is <strong>the</strong> effect <strong>of</strong> natural landscapes on <strong>the</strong> mental<br />
and cognitive states <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>dividuals. Vegetated open spaces provide a release from stress and a source <strong>of</strong><br />
mental rejuvenation. Research, <strong>in</strong> fact, has found that contact with nature <strong>in</strong> a variety <strong>of</strong> forms, whe<strong>the</strong>r<br />
wilderness areas, prairies, community parks, w<strong>in</strong>dow views, or <strong>in</strong>terior plants, is systematically l<strong>in</strong>ked with<br />
enhanced cognitive function<strong>in</strong>g as measured by both self-report and performance on objective tests. 8<br />
Kuo and Sullivan also predict that <strong>the</strong> rejuvenat<strong>in</strong>g and sooth<strong>in</strong>g effects <strong>of</strong> nature relieve <strong>the</strong> types <strong>of</strong><br />
stress that are <strong>the</strong> precursors to crim<strong>in</strong>al activity <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g irritability, <strong>in</strong>attentiveness, and impulsivity.<br />
Physical Health<br />
Obesity has dramatically <strong>in</strong>creased <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> United States <strong>in</strong> recent years. In 2001, twenty states had<br />
obesity prevalence rates <strong>of</strong> 15% to 19%, twenty-n<strong>in</strong>e between 20% and 24%, and one <strong>in</strong> excess <strong>of</strong> 25%. 9<br />
With health consequences such as stroke, high blood pressure, coronary heart disease, osteoarthritis,<br />
and even some types <strong>of</strong> cancer, obesity poses severe problems for <strong>the</strong> health <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> nation’s citizens.<br />
Inactivity and poor diet are <strong>of</strong>ten to blame for <strong>the</strong> epidemic that contributes to at least 300,000<br />
preventable deaths each year. 10 Research is now beg<strong>in</strong>n<strong>in</strong>g to acknowledge and explore <strong>the</strong> effects <strong>of</strong><br />
environmental design on activity levels <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>dividuals. Most communities today were designed <strong>in</strong> a time<br />
when emphasis was placed on <strong>the</strong> automobile as <strong>the</strong> most efficient and effective mode <strong>of</strong> transportation,<br />
5 Environment and Crime <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Inner <strong>City</strong>, Does Vegetation Reduce Crime, pages 343-353<br />
6 Environment and Crime <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Inner <strong>City</strong>, Does Vegetation Reduce Crime, pages 343-353<br />
7 Defensible <strong>Space</strong>: Crime Prevention Through Urban Plann<strong>in</strong>g<br />
8 Psychological Restoration among AIDS Caregivers: Ma<strong>in</strong>ta<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g Self-Care<br />
9 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, http://www.cdc.gov/<br />
10 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, http://www.cdc.gov/<br />
6
ignor<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> roles which connectivity <strong>of</strong> places, open space, and walkability play <strong>in</strong> an urban environment.<br />
Today, one-fourth <strong>of</strong> all trips people make are one mile or less, but three-fourths <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se trips are made<br />
by car. A physical landscape lack<strong>in</strong>g walkable dest<strong>in</strong>ation po<strong>in</strong>ts and dom<strong>in</strong>ated by pavement deters<br />
walk<strong>in</strong>g as a mode <strong>of</strong> transport and contributes to <strong>the</strong> health issues plagu<strong>in</strong>g Americans. <strong>Park</strong>s and<br />
recreation areas can provide much needed opportunities for <strong>in</strong>creased physical activity.<br />
Community Quality<br />
The health and quality <strong>of</strong> a community is reliant on <strong>the</strong> ability <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> community to support <strong>the</strong> needs and<br />
desires <strong>of</strong> its population. Any community unable to provide opportunities for health care services,<br />
employment, and education, as well as recreation, open space, and vegetation, falls short <strong>of</strong> satisfy<strong>in</strong>g<br />
<strong>the</strong> needs <strong>of</strong> its community members. In a recent study conducted at <strong>the</strong> University <strong>of</strong> Guelph <strong>in</strong> Ontario,<br />
Canada, researchers studied <strong>the</strong> relationship between <strong>the</strong> quality <strong>of</strong> an urban community and its physical<br />
form. By study<strong>in</strong>g six physical elements that contribute to <strong>the</strong> quality <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> community <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g livability,<br />
character, connection, mobility, personal freedom, and diversity, researchers worked to expand <strong>the</strong><br />
standard <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> designed environment to one that successfully meets <strong>the</strong> complex levels <strong>of</strong> human needs.<br />
Through matrix analysis, researchers found that ‘connection’ and ‘character’ were <strong>the</strong> most important<br />
qualities with respect to physical form. Top priorities <strong>in</strong>cluded develop<strong>in</strong>g walkable, barrier-free<br />
communities, outdoor amenities, plentiful seat<strong>in</strong>g, and opportunities for open space <strong>in</strong> residential areas. 11<br />
Economic Benefits<br />
In recent years, studies have <strong>in</strong>dicated that people <strong>in</strong> communities with less open space are pay<strong>in</strong>g<br />
higher taxes than <strong>the</strong>y would <strong>in</strong> communities with more open space. Kathleen Caren and Kar<strong>in</strong> Westdyk<br />
<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir article “The Economics <strong>of</strong> <strong>Open</strong> <strong>Space</strong>” note that <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> past, taxes from hous<strong>in</strong>g developments<br />
assisted communities <strong>in</strong> f<strong>in</strong>anc<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>itial <strong>in</strong>frastructure and o<strong>the</strong>r community costs. Caren and Westdyk<br />
note that s<strong>in</strong>ce this time, studies have <strong>in</strong>creas<strong>in</strong>gly shown that for “every $1.00 colected <strong>in</strong> taxes,<br />
residential development costs <strong>the</strong>ir host communities between $1.04 and $1.67 <strong>in</strong> services.” 12 Thus, a<br />
deficit is created due to <strong>in</strong>frastructure costs, which <strong>in</strong>crease ra<strong>the</strong>r than decrease property taxes for all<br />
residents. For example, <strong>the</strong> New Jersey P<strong>in</strong>elands Commission discovered that with<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> P<strong>in</strong>elands<br />
Protection Area <strong>in</strong> New Jersey, it cost residents less to live <strong>in</strong> areas with substantial open space. 13<br />
As ano<strong>the</strong>r example, a company located an <strong>of</strong>fice build<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> downtown Spartanburg, SC as part <strong>of</strong> a<br />
revitalization effort <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> early 1980s. A park was added, <strong>in</strong> accordance with this effort, as a magnet for<br />
downtown renewal. As a result <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> park, property values <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> area <strong>in</strong>creased 325 percent over<br />
previous values and retail sales rose as much as 100 percent. 14<br />
Many property owners look to purchase and live <strong>in</strong> environments with trees and clean water. When this<br />
type <strong>of</strong> environment surrounds residential property, real estate values are likely to <strong>in</strong>crease. In <strong>the</strong> article<br />
“An Empirical Study <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Role <strong>of</strong> Recreation, <strong>Park</strong>s, and <strong>Open</strong> <strong>Space</strong> <strong>in</strong> Companies’ (Re) Location<br />
Decisions,” owners <strong>of</strong> smal companies ranked ‘recreation, parks, and open space’ as <strong>the</strong> highest priority<br />
<strong>in</strong> choos<strong>in</strong>g a new location for <strong>the</strong>ir bus<strong>in</strong>ess. 15 The article “Real Estate Impacts <strong>of</strong> Urban <strong>Park</strong>s” by<br />
Patrick Phillips discusses studies <strong>of</strong> areas where this holds true. For <strong>in</strong>stance, he notes that <strong>in</strong> a 1980<br />
<strong>Park</strong> Impact Study <strong>in</strong> Worchester, Massachusets, it was discovered that a “house with<strong>in</strong> 20 feet <strong>of</strong> a park<br />
was worth about $2,675 more than a similar house 2,000 feet away.” 16 Additional studies state that when<br />
a home is located <strong>in</strong> close proximity to a park or open space, its value is five to seven percent greater<br />
than <strong>the</strong> average sell<strong>in</strong>g price.<br />
11 Quality <strong>of</strong> an Urban Community: A Framework for Understand<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> Relationship Between Quality and Physical Form, pages<br />
229-335<br />
12 Economic Benefit <strong>of</strong> <strong>Public</strong> <strong>Space</strong>, http://www.ourenvironmentweb.org/economicsopenspace.html<br />
13 New Jersey P<strong>in</strong>elands Commission, http://www.state.nj.us/p<strong>in</strong>elands/<br />
14 Flagstar Corporate Plaza and Jerome Richardson <strong>Park</strong>, Spartanburg, South Carol<strong>in</strong>a, page 101-107.<br />
15 Real Estate Impacts <strong>of</strong> Urban <strong>Park</strong>s, http://www.econres.com/documents/issue_papers/urban_parks.html<br />
16 Real Estate Impacts <strong>of</strong> Urban <strong>Park</strong>s, http://www.econres.com/documents/issue_papers/urban_parks.html<br />
7
In one study conducted <strong>in</strong> Portland, Oregon, researchers estimated that homes located with<strong>in</strong> 1,500 feet<br />
<strong>of</strong> a public park sell for $2,262 more than homes located more than 1,500 feet from any open space. 17 A<br />
subsequent study also focus<strong>in</strong>g on Portland <strong>in</strong>creased <strong>the</strong> accuracy <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> effects <strong>of</strong> open space on home<br />
values by categoriz<strong>in</strong>g types <strong>of</strong> parks and study<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>dividual effects that each type has on home<br />
values. <strong>Open</strong> spaces were divided <strong>in</strong>to one <strong>of</strong> five categories: urban park, natural area parks, specialty<br />
parks/facilities, golf courses, and cemeteries. Through regression analysis, it was concluded that natural<br />
area parks have <strong>the</strong> largest efect on a home’s sale price ($10,648), folowed by golf courses ($8,849),<br />
specialty parks/facilities ($5,657), and urban parks ($1,214). 18 Even a small urban park provides<br />
amenities that have a positive effect on <strong>the</strong> value <strong>of</strong> a home.<br />
Although larger <strong>in</strong> scale than anyth<strong>in</strong>g <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> could support, <strong>the</strong> follow<strong>in</strong>g examples demonstrate<br />
<strong>the</strong> potential economic benefits <strong>of</strong> open space:<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Boston’s Post Ofice Square is a 1.7-acre park located above a park<strong>in</strong>g garage <strong>in</strong> Boston. The<br />
park is primarily open lawn, but has <strong>the</strong> capacity to seat up to 1,000 people. Surround<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong><br />
park is <strong>of</strong>fice space and <strong>the</strong> Meridian, a four-star, 326-room hotel. Folow<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> park’s<br />
development, lease rates for <strong>of</strong>fice space overlook<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> area have <strong>in</strong>creased to approximately<br />
ten percent higher than lease rates for <strong>of</strong>fice space without a park view. In addition, s<strong>in</strong>ce <strong>the</strong><br />
establishment <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> park <strong>the</strong> hotel has experienced an <strong>in</strong>crease <strong>in</strong> its number <strong>of</strong> guests. 19<br />
The rehabilitation <strong>of</strong> Union Square <strong>in</strong> San Francisco created a plaza with a new park, center lawn,<br />
and restored park statues. Ten years later an outdoor restaurant opened. Municipal <strong>in</strong>vestments<br />
<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> park stimulated private <strong>in</strong>vestment, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g new residential development, <strong>in</strong> which units<br />
with a view <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> plaza sold for 20 percent more than units without a view. 20<br />
New York <strong>City</strong>’s Bryant <strong>Park</strong>has six acres <strong>of</strong> perennial gardens, movable chairs, seat<strong>in</strong>g for<br />
5,000, and a restaurant. Surround<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> park, <strong>the</strong>re is seven million square feet <strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong>fice and<br />
retail space. Leas<strong>in</strong>g activity <strong>in</strong>creased 60 percent with<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> first eight months <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> park’s<br />
restoration, and rents for <strong>of</strong>fice space have <strong>in</strong>creased by 40 percent. 21<br />
Picture 4: Bryant <strong>Park</strong><br />
Picture 5: Boston Post Office Square<br />
Source: Internet<br />
Source: Internet<br />
Environmental Quality<br />
The <strong>in</strong>clusion <strong>of</strong> open space and vegetation has many positive effects on <strong>the</strong> local environmental quality<br />
<strong>of</strong> urban areas. Plants and trees help to mitigate <strong>the</strong> effects <strong>of</strong> air and water pollution, control climate,<br />
and provide habitat for urban animals and wildlife. Urban areas are most susceptible to <strong>the</strong> effects <strong>of</strong> air<br />
pollution due to a high concentration <strong>of</strong> automobiles and pollution-emitt<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>dustries. Trees and<br />
17 The Impact <strong>of</strong> <strong>Open</strong> <strong>Space</strong>s on Property Values <strong>in</strong> Portland, Oregon, pages 185-193<br />
18 The Efect <strong>of</strong> <strong>Open</strong> <strong>Space</strong>s on A Home’s Sale Price, pages 291-298<br />
19 Real Estate Impacts <strong>of</strong> Urban <strong>Park</strong>s, http://www.econres.com/documents/issue_papers/urban_parks.html<br />
20 Real Estate Impacts <strong>of</strong> Urban <strong>Park</strong>s, http://www.econres.com/documents/issue_papers/urban_parks.html<br />
21 Real Estate Impacts <strong>of</strong> Urban <strong>Park</strong>s, http://www.econres.com/documents/issue_papers/urban_parks.html<br />
8
vegetation help to reduce dangerous emissions by filter<strong>in</strong>g f<strong>in</strong>e particles and exhaust. Accord<strong>in</strong>g to <strong>the</strong><br />
Environmental Protection Agency, one acre <strong>of</strong> trees absorbs as much carbon dioxide as a car produces<br />
<strong>in</strong> 26,000 miles. Water pollution is also reduced greatly by <strong>the</strong> addition <strong>of</strong> permeable surfaces <strong>in</strong> urban<br />
areas. <strong>Park</strong>s and trees help to reduce storm water run<strong>of</strong>f by 10% to 20% dur<strong>in</strong>g peak times 22 , thus<br />
prevent<strong>in</strong>g hazardous substances from reach<strong>in</strong>g major bodies <strong>of</strong> water. Evidence also suggests that<br />
trees and green space aid <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> stabilization <strong>of</strong> temperatures <strong>in</strong> urban areas. Build<strong>in</strong>gs and paved<br />
surfaces absorb solar energy throughout <strong>the</strong> day; this energy is <strong>the</strong>n released as heat radiation, which<br />
can <strong>in</strong>crease temperatures <strong>in</strong> urban areas by two to four degrees. Trees and green spaces help to<br />
mitigate this effect and cool urban areas. Accord<strong>in</strong>g to American Forests, a non-pr<strong>of</strong>it conservation<br />
organization, three well-placed trees can cut a home's summer air condition<strong>in</strong>g bill <strong>in</strong> half.<br />
22 National Forest Service, http://www.fs.fed.us/<br />
9
METHODOLOGY<br />
To ga<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> greatest amount <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>formation on <strong>the</strong> selected sites with<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong>, <strong>the</strong> Team<br />
employed numerous research techniques and consulted a wide variety <strong>of</strong> sources. The methodologies<br />
employed <strong>in</strong>cluded <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> secondary and reference data, field observations, <strong>in</strong>terviews, meet<strong>in</strong>gs,<br />
surveys, and a suitability analysis. By analyz<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> result<strong>in</strong>g data, <strong>the</strong> Team developed a needs<br />
assessment and formulated recommendations for several sites <strong>in</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong>. The follow<strong>in</strong>g section <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> report will describe each <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se methodologies.<br />
Secondary and Reference Data<br />
The primary purpose <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> secondary data was to provide some basic understand<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> context <strong>in</strong><br />
which <strong>the</strong> Team’s proposed recommendations would take place. The research process began by<br />
review<strong>in</strong>g previous and current master plans for <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong>, current zon<strong>in</strong>g codes, and o<strong>the</strong>r relevant<br />
plann<strong>in</strong>g documents (See Appendix 1). This enabled <strong>the</strong> Team to determ<strong>in</strong>e land use restrictions for<br />
potential sites and whe<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong> creation <strong>of</strong> public space <strong>in</strong> downtown <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> was <strong>in</strong> accordance<br />
with <strong>the</strong> Master Plan. These documents also shed light on previous attempts made by <strong>the</strong> <strong>City</strong> to<br />
<strong>in</strong>corporate parks and o<strong>the</strong>r public spaces <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> downtown area.<br />
In addition, <strong>the</strong> Team ga<strong>the</strong>red relevant census data to help identify population trends with<strong>in</strong> <strong>College</strong><br />
<strong>Park</strong>. Us<strong>in</strong>g data from <strong>the</strong> 1990 and 2000 Census, <strong>the</strong> Team was able to assess <strong>the</strong> age, race, and<br />
<strong>in</strong>come distribution <strong>of</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> residents. The Team was careful to note that Census data <strong>in</strong>cluded<br />
all University <strong>of</strong> <strong>Maryland</strong> students that reside <strong>of</strong>f campus.<br />
Field Observations<br />
Field observations provided <strong>the</strong> Team with <strong>in</strong>formation regard<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> frequency <strong>of</strong> use for <strong>the</strong> sites <strong>in</strong><br />
question. Each member <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Team conducted <strong>in</strong>dividual, non-obtrusive observations <strong>of</strong> potential sites<br />
and recorded <strong>the</strong>ir f<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>gs. These f<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>gs were aggregated by site (See Appendix 2). Observations<br />
<strong>in</strong>cluded count<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> people walk<strong>in</strong>g through <strong>the</strong> site, not<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> level <strong>of</strong> cleanl<strong>in</strong>ess, and<br />
watch<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> behavior <strong>of</strong> loiterers. Team members conducted <strong>the</strong>se observations at different times <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
day and on different days <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> week to ga<strong>in</strong> a comprehensive understand<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> site usage. In total, <strong>the</strong><br />
Team spent approximately 10-12 hours observ<strong>in</strong>g each site.<br />
The Team also conducted numerous site visits, dur<strong>in</strong>g which time photographs were taken, areas were<br />
measured, and rough sketches were drawn. The purpose <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se visits was to take <strong>in</strong>ventory <strong>of</strong> all<br />
th<strong>in</strong>gs conta<strong>in</strong>ed with<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> site and to help visualize new uses with<strong>in</strong> those spaces.<br />
E-mail Surveys<br />
To ga<strong>the</strong>r <strong>in</strong>put from <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> residents, <strong>the</strong> Team conducted an on-l<strong>in</strong>e survey <strong>of</strong> Civic Association<br />
leaders (See Appendix 3). Due to time constra<strong>in</strong>ts, <strong>the</strong> Team was unable to conduct formal surveys with<br />
<strong>the</strong> community at large. Thus, given this constra<strong>in</strong>t, <strong>the</strong> Team assumed that <strong>the</strong> leaders <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> various<br />
Civic Associations would provide representative answers. The survey was e-mailed to each president <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> eight civic associations <strong>in</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong>, and answers were submitted via <strong>the</strong> Internet.<br />
The questions assessed <strong>the</strong> public space needs with<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> community and were largely a follow-up to a<br />
quality <strong>of</strong> life survey that was conducted by <strong>the</strong> <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> <strong>in</strong> 1995. In addition to public space<br />
needs, respondents were asked to identify items or events that <strong>the</strong>y thought would draw residents out <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong>ir homes and create vibrant places. Of <strong>the</strong> n<strong>in</strong>e questionnaires sent out, <strong>the</strong> Team received four<br />
responses. 23<br />
23 Several rem<strong>in</strong>ders were sent ask<strong>in</strong>g for <strong>the</strong> completed surveys<br />
10
Personal Interviews<br />
A series <strong>of</strong> personal <strong>in</strong>terviews were conducted with <strong>of</strong>ficials from <strong>the</strong> <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong>, bus<strong>in</strong>ess<br />
owners, university <strong>of</strong>ficials, and landscape architects (See Appendix 4). The objective <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se <strong>in</strong>terviews<br />
was to ga<strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>formation that would help identify opportunities and limitations for public space <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
downtown <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> area. It was important to get <strong>the</strong> bus<strong>in</strong>ess community, University, and <strong>City</strong><br />
perspective on specific sites because <strong>the</strong> land <strong>in</strong> question was regulated by <strong>the</strong> <strong>City</strong> and owned by ei<strong>the</strong>r<br />
various bus<strong>in</strong>esses or <strong>the</strong> University. Fur<strong>the</strong>r, all parties would play a critical role <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> implementation <strong>of</strong><br />
any recommendations put forth by <strong>the</strong> Team.<br />
Questions were designed to ga<strong>the</strong>r background <strong>in</strong>formation on <strong>the</strong> sites <strong>in</strong> question and to determ<strong>in</strong>e<br />
whe<strong>the</strong>r attempts had been made <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> past to create public spaces <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> downtown area. In addition,<br />
landscape architects and horticulturists were <strong>in</strong>terviewed to ga<strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>sight <strong>in</strong>to <strong>the</strong> elements that make good<br />
public spaces and seek guidance regard<strong>in</strong>g design recommendations.<br />
Meet<strong>in</strong>gs<br />
Beyond personal <strong>in</strong>terviews, a member <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Team atended a Merchant’s Association meet<strong>in</strong>g 24 where<br />
<strong>the</strong> current studio project on public space <strong>in</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> was discussed at length with <strong>City</strong> Council<br />
members, bus<strong>in</strong>ess owners, and <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficials. Informal meet<strong>in</strong>gs were also held with o<strong>the</strong>r <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficials<br />
and design pr<strong>of</strong>essionals to ga<strong>the</strong>r feedback and guidance.<br />
Suitability Table<br />
The process <strong>of</strong> site selection and site usage was aided through a suitability analysis (See Appendix 5).<br />
Members <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Team went to each potential site and on a scale <strong>of</strong> N/A-5, rated each site accord<strong>in</strong>g to its<br />
“suitability” for certa<strong>in</strong> uses. The suitability table was taken from a report conducted <strong>in</strong> Langley <strong>Park</strong> that<br />
helped identify areas <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> community well-suited for particular uses. This analysis helped guide <strong>the</strong><br />
Team when decid<strong>in</strong>g which sites to work on and which uses to <strong>in</strong>corporate <strong>in</strong>to those selected sites.<br />
24 The meet<strong>in</strong>g was held Oct 24, at R.J. Bentley’s <strong>in</strong> Downtown <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong>.<br />
11
ANALYSIS<br />
This section presents <strong>the</strong> results <strong>of</strong> extensive research and fieldwork carried out by <strong>the</strong> Team and<br />
comb<strong>in</strong>es <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>formation <strong>in</strong>to a cohesive argument for small public spaces <strong>in</strong> downtown <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong>. It<br />
briefly <strong>in</strong>troduces our selected sites and def<strong>in</strong>es <strong>the</strong> most appropriate uses for those sites.<br />
Exist<strong>in</strong>g Conditions<br />
The Team’s study area is <strong>the</strong> <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> Colege <strong>Park</strong>, <strong>Maryland</strong>. In general, <strong>the</strong> Team focused on <strong>the</strong><br />
downtown commercial area, though <strong>the</strong> Report addresses three sites <strong>in</strong> particular. These sites are<br />
identified and outl<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>in</strong> yellow on <strong>the</strong> aerial map below:<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
South Gate <strong>Park</strong>: on University property adjacent to Lehigh Road.<br />
<strong>Maryland</strong> Book Exchange: between <strong>the</strong> store’s park<strong>in</strong>g lot and Colege Avenue.<br />
<strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> Shopp<strong>in</strong>g Center: along Route 1 between Hartwick and Knox Roads.<br />
Picture 6: Aerial View <strong>of</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> with Proposed <strong>Public</strong> <strong>Space</strong> Sites<br />
Site<br />
1<br />
Source: Team Photo<br />
Site<br />
3<br />
Source: Mapquest<br />
12
The downtown commercial district has a great deal <strong>of</strong> pedestrian and automobile traffic. The Route 1<br />
corridor is a major commuter thoroughfare, present<strong>in</strong>g an opportunity to capture patrons on <strong>the</strong>ir way to<br />
and from work. The high volume <strong>of</strong> traffic also presents a challenge to pedestrians, especially dur<strong>in</strong>g<br />
rush hours. The redesign <strong>of</strong> this area will have to take <strong>in</strong>to account <strong>the</strong> separation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> pedestrian from<br />
<strong>the</strong> automobile.<br />
The area is currently a mixed-use <strong>in</strong>fill zone. The purpose <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> zone is to promote Smart Growth<br />
pr<strong>in</strong>ciples by encourag<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> efficient use <strong>of</strong> land, facilities, and services <strong>in</strong> a substantially developed<br />
area. The regulations govern<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> zone are <strong>in</strong>tended to create community environments, which are<br />
enhanced by a mix <strong>of</strong> residential, commercial, recreational, open space, employment, and <strong>in</strong>stitutional<br />
uses that are <strong>in</strong> l<strong>in</strong>e with approved plans. 25 Therefore, <strong>the</strong> creation <strong>of</strong> public space <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> downtown<br />
commercial district is <strong>in</strong> l<strong>in</strong>e with <strong>the</strong> exist<strong>in</strong>g zon<strong>in</strong>g.<br />
After consider<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> physical conditions, <strong>the</strong> Team considered o<strong>the</strong>r conditions, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g population,<br />
age, and hous<strong>in</strong>g. The 2000 population <strong>of</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> was 24,567, with <strong>the</strong> greatest percentage <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
population between <strong>the</strong> ages <strong>of</strong> 20 and 24. Population rose by 853 <strong>in</strong>dividuals between 1990 and 2000.<br />
Median age fell from 23 <strong>in</strong> 1990 to 21.7 <strong>in</strong> 2000. A very small percentage <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> population is 14 years<br />
old or younger. The <strong>City</strong> is well served by playgrounds and, given <strong>the</strong> small population <strong>of</strong> young children,<br />
is not <strong>in</strong> need <strong>of</strong> any new ones. Approximately seven percent <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> population is 65 years <strong>of</strong> age or<br />
older. The racial composition <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>City</strong> is much diferent than that <strong>of</strong> Pr<strong>in</strong>ce George’s County as a<br />
whole. Sixty-n<strong>in</strong>e percent <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> population <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>City</strong> is white, compared to 27 percent <strong>in</strong> Pr<strong>in</strong>ce<br />
George’s County. 26 Population <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>City</strong> is projected to rema<strong>in</strong> relatively stable while <strong>the</strong> County is<br />
projected to cont<strong>in</strong>ue its <strong>in</strong>tense growth. Based on this <strong>in</strong>formation, <strong>the</strong> Team focused its efforts on<br />
creat<strong>in</strong>g public space that would serve <strong>the</strong> University population and o<strong>the</strong>r adult <strong>City</strong> residents.<br />
Hous<strong>in</strong>g unit data shows an almost even split between owner-occupied and renter-occupied; 57.2 percent<br />
and 42.8 percent respectively. The homeownership rate <strong>of</strong> 57 percent is similar to that <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> County and<br />
State but has fallen from a rate <strong>of</strong> 62 percent <strong>in</strong> 1990 and 67 percent <strong>in</strong> 1980. This data presents one <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> community’s concerns <strong>of</strong> conversion <strong>of</strong> s<strong>in</strong>gle-family homes <strong>in</strong>to student rentals. This trend is<br />
expected to cont<strong>in</strong>ue. Average household size is 2.65 persons. Almost 97 percent <strong>of</strong> hous<strong>in</strong>g units are<br />
occupied. Twenty-two percent <strong>of</strong> workers <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>City</strong> walk to work. This <strong>in</strong>dicates that not all residents <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> are auto dependent. In turn, residents who walk to work may benefit from <strong>the</strong> presence <strong>of</strong><br />
open space <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> downtown area. 27<br />
In summary, <strong>the</strong> <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> has a young adult to middle-age dom<strong>in</strong>ated population that is<br />
predom<strong>in</strong>antly white. The <strong>City</strong> has a very low hous<strong>in</strong>g vacancy rate and a relatively equal number <strong>of</strong><br />
owners and renters. This <strong>in</strong>dicates that both students and permanent residents would benefit from public<br />
space <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> downtown area.<br />
Exist<strong>in</strong>g Plans<br />
After study<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> demographic pr<strong>of</strong>ile, <strong>the</strong> Team conducted a literature review–<strong>the</strong> results <strong>of</strong> which are<br />
summarized and presented <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> preced<strong>in</strong>g section <strong>of</strong> this report. The Team <strong>the</strong>n researched previous<br />
attempts to develop public space <strong>in</strong> downtown <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong>, and reviewed <strong>the</strong> follow<strong>in</strong>g exist<strong>in</strong>g plans<br />
(See Appendix 1):<br />
<strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> Comprehensive Plan <strong>of</strong> 1995;<br />
<strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> Comprehensive Plan Update <strong>of</strong> 2001;<br />
Prelim<strong>in</strong>ary <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> US 1 Corridor Sector Plan and Proposed Sectional Map Amendment;<br />
and<br />
Langley <strong>Park</strong> –<strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> –Greenbelt Approved Master Plan <strong>of</strong> 1989 and <strong>the</strong> Adopted<br />
Sectional Map Amendment <strong>of</strong> 1990.<br />
25 <strong>Maryland</strong> National Capital <strong>Park</strong>s and Plann<strong>in</strong>g Commission, http://www.mncppc.org/<br />
26 U.S. Census, http://www.census.gov<br />
27 U.S. Census, http://www.census.gov<br />
13
Issues <strong>of</strong> <strong>Public</strong> <strong>Space</strong> <strong>in</strong> Downtown <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong><br />
After review<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> goals <strong>of</strong> exist<strong>in</strong>g plans, <strong>the</strong> Team <strong>in</strong>terviewed key <strong>in</strong>dividuals and surveyed local<br />
resident associations. The Team began its discussions with <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficials <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> Plann<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Department and <strong>the</strong> <strong>City</strong> Adm<strong>in</strong>istration. The Team’s <strong>in</strong>terview with <strong>the</strong> Plann<strong>in</strong>g Director provided <strong>in</strong>sight<br />
<strong>in</strong>to previous attempts to develop public space <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> downtown area, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>formation about <strong>the</strong><br />
chalenges and opportunities <strong>of</strong> such development. The issue <strong>of</strong> public space has been on <strong>the</strong> <strong>City</strong>’s<br />
agenda for more than a decade. The <strong>City</strong> drafted its own Comprehensive Plan <strong>in</strong> 1995 (referenced<br />
above), which <strong>in</strong>cluded a section focus<strong>in</strong>g on <strong>the</strong> creation <strong>of</strong> a town center. The <strong>City</strong> conducted a<br />
charete to obta<strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>put from local residents and bus<strong>in</strong>ess owners. A goal noted <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Plan’s vision<br />
statement is <strong>the</strong> creation <strong>of</strong> better connections between <strong>the</strong> University <strong>of</strong> <strong>Maryland</strong> campus and local<br />
neighborhoods. To create connections like this, <strong>the</strong> Plann<strong>in</strong>g Director suggested that our Team consider<br />
locations adjacent to Route 1 that could serve both University students and local residents. The <strong>City</strong><br />
manager supports this suggestion.<br />
The <strong>City</strong> has exist<strong>in</strong>g assets that <strong>in</strong>clude several public spaces that meet basic needs <strong>of</strong> public open<br />
space- for example, some seat<strong>in</strong>g and planter boxes. These sites <strong>in</strong>clude <strong>the</strong> corner <strong>of</strong> Knox Road and<br />
Route 1 and <strong>the</strong> corner <strong>of</strong> Lehigh Road and Route 1. These sites are used but do not hold <strong>the</strong><br />
characteristics <strong>of</strong> good open spaces as discussed <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> literature review. One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>City</strong>’s biggest<br />
assets is its active Merchants’ Association. This Association wil play a key role <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> successful design<br />
and implementation <strong>of</strong> our recommendations, and is already <strong>in</strong>volved <strong>in</strong> some small-scale streetscape<br />
projects.<br />
Picture 7: Outdoor Seat<strong>in</strong>g Option <strong>in</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong><br />
Picture 8: Outdoor Seat<strong>in</strong>g Option <strong>in</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong><br />
Source: Team Photo<br />
Source: Team Photo<br />
The Colege <strong>Park</strong> Shopp<strong>in</strong>g Center owner and <strong>the</strong> Merchants’ Association provided <strong>in</strong>put and voiced <strong>the</strong>ir<br />
support for downtown public space. Specifically, <strong>the</strong> shopp<strong>in</strong>g center management stated that it is<br />
work<strong>in</strong>g with an architect to select new pa<strong>in</strong>t for <strong>the</strong> awn<strong>in</strong>g above <strong>the</strong> stores and is work<strong>in</strong>g to improve<br />
light<strong>in</strong>g. Some landscap<strong>in</strong>g has been done, but <strong>the</strong> management is open to suggestions for more<br />
landscap<strong>in</strong>g and seat<strong>in</strong>g. Leverag<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> current improvement efforts, <strong>the</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> Shopp<strong>in</strong>g Center<br />
is a prime location for a redesigned public space.<br />
It is clear from our evaluation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> issues that <strong>the</strong> <strong>City</strong> and <strong>the</strong> downtown bus<strong>in</strong>ess owners and<br />
operators share <strong>the</strong> same basic concerns when it comes to <strong>the</strong> creation <strong>of</strong> public open spaces <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
downtown area.<br />
14
<strong>Park</strong><strong>in</strong>g<br />
One major concern is <strong>the</strong> traffic along Route 1 and <strong>the</strong> perceived lack <strong>of</strong> park<strong>in</strong>g. The Plann<strong>in</strong>g Director<br />
cautioned that <strong>the</strong> <strong>City</strong> owns very little land and has focused its efforts on revitaliz<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> parcel <strong>of</strong> land<br />
that it does own–<strong>the</strong> current location <strong>of</strong> <strong>City</strong> Hall and its surround<strong>in</strong>g park<strong>in</strong>g lot, along with <strong>the</strong> park<strong>in</strong>g<br />
lot across Knox Road. In fact, <strong>the</strong> <strong>City</strong> has a plan to create a “<strong>City</strong> Hal Plaza.” However, <strong>the</strong> lack <strong>of</strong><br />
required park<strong>in</strong>g has proven a cont<strong>in</strong>ual challenge to this plan. Through <strong>in</strong>terviews, <strong>the</strong> Team has<br />
consistently found that park<strong>in</strong>g is an issue and cont<strong>in</strong>ues to <strong>in</strong>terfere with any plans for downtown<br />
revitalization efforts, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> creation <strong>of</strong> public space.<br />
Picture 9: Traffic Congestion <strong>in</strong> <strong>College</strong><br />
The bus<strong>in</strong>ess owners and operators <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
downtown area echo <strong>the</strong> same concerns regard<strong>in</strong>g<br />
park<strong>in</strong>g. The shopp<strong>in</strong>g center management has<br />
expressed great <strong>in</strong>terest <strong>in</strong> redevelop<strong>in</strong>g available<br />
open space with<strong>in</strong> its boundaries; however, <strong>the</strong>y<br />
would not be will<strong>in</strong>g to lose park<strong>in</strong>g spaces to create<br />
more seat<strong>in</strong>g and landscap<strong>in</strong>g opportunities. The<br />
shopp<strong>in</strong>g center stores are successful, and<br />
attract<strong>in</strong>g new customers is not a concern dur<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong><br />
academic year. On <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r hand, if a successful<br />
public space could draw new customers, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g<br />
residents and students, dur<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> summer months,<br />
it would help <strong>in</strong>crease sales.<br />
The Merchants’ Association identified two key issues<br />
<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> proposal for public space <strong>in</strong> downtown <strong>College</strong><br />
<strong>Park</strong> –park<strong>in</strong>g and ma<strong>in</strong>tenance. Most bus<strong>in</strong>ess<br />
Source: Team Photo<br />
owners who attended <strong>the</strong> meet<strong>in</strong>g stated that<br />
sufficient new park<strong>in</strong>g must accompany any new<br />
development downtown. <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficials have discussed <strong>the</strong> option <strong>of</strong> develop<strong>in</strong>g a new park<strong>in</strong>g garage to<br />
accommodate downtown park<strong>in</strong>g needs. As a group, <strong>the</strong> Association has written a letter for <strong>the</strong> public<br />
record request<strong>in</strong>g that if any new bus<strong>in</strong>ess cannot provide sufficient park<strong>in</strong>g, it must pay a surcharge to<br />
help f<strong>in</strong>ance <strong>the</strong> new garage.<br />
Ma<strong>in</strong>tenance<br />
Ongo<strong>in</strong>g ma<strong>in</strong>tenance <strong>of</strong> any new public open space is a concern for <strong>the</strong> <strong>City</strong> and bus<strong>in</strong>ess owners and<br />
operators. Ma<strong>in</strong>tenance <strong>of</strong> new public spaces would require ei<strong>the</strong>r monetary or physical commitments.<br />
The <strong>City</strong> curently is work<strong>in</strong>g with students <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> University <strong>of</strong> <strong>Maryland</strong>’s LandscapeArchitecture<br />
Program and staff at <strong>the</strong> M-NCPPC to create a formal open space on <strong>the</strong> North end <strong>of</strong> campus known as<br />
Northgate <strong>Park</strong>. The <strong>City</strong> is seek<strong>in</strong>g a commitment from <strong>the</strong> University to fund this park and assume<br />
ma<strong>in</strong>tenance responsibilities. More partnerships like this may be necessary to care for new public open<br />
spaces.<br />
Private entities may also have to take responsibility for ma<strong>in</strong>tenance on <strong>the</strong>ir own properties. The<br />
management company <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> Shopp<strong>in</strong>g Center <strong>in</strong>dicated that it would take responsibility for<br />
ma<strong>in</strong>tenance with<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> center. The Merchants’ Association presently contributes monetarily to<br />
ma<strong>in</strong>tenance <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> downtown area, and members <strong>in</strong>dicated that <strong>the</strong>y could <strong>in</strong>crease this contribution <strong>in</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> event that fund<strong>in</strong>g was needed for ma<strong>in</strong>tenance <strong>of</strong> new public space.<br />
An alternative solution for ma<strong>in</strong>tenance requirements <strong>in</strong>cludes Communiversity; <strong>the</strong> University Student<br />
Government Association’s recently created partnership with campus fraternities and sororities. This<br />
group hopes to spend several hours every Sunday, beg<strong>in</strong>n<strong>in</strong>g November 10, 2002, pick<strong>in</strong>g up litter and<br />
o<strong>the</strong>rwise beautify<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> downtown area.<br />
Loiter<strong>in</strong>g<br />
<strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficials did not state that loiter<strong>in</strong>g was a concern.<br />
owners <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> downtown area.<br />
However, loiter<strong>in</strong>g is a concern for bus<strong>in</strong>ess<br />
15
New Development<br />
Ano<strong>the</strong>r area <strong>of</strong> concern is <strong>the</strong> shift<strong>in</strong>g focus by <strong>the</strong> University with regard to recent development efforts.<br />
New facilities, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> Clarice Smith Perform<strong>in</strong>g Arts Center and <strong>the</strong> new Alumni Center, are be<strong>in</strong>g<br />
constructed at locations on campus that are far away from Route 1. The location <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Clarice Smith<br />
Perform<strong>in</strong>g Arts Center does not encourage visitors to park <strong>the</strong>ir cars and walk to Route 1 for d<strong>in</strong>ner.<br />
University and Neighborhood Relations<br />
An added concern for bus<strong>in</strong>ess owners and local residents is <strong>the</strong> University <strong>of</strong> <strong>Maryland</strong> athletic victory<br />
celebrations and <strong>the</strong>ir potential impact on any improvements <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> downtown area. There is a grow<strong>in</strong>g<br />
rift between <strong>the</strong> University and residential areas adjacent to it. Incidents like <strong>the</strong> National Championship<br />
celebration and <strong>the</strong> grow<strong>in</strong>g problems with rental hous<strong>in</strong>g have led to an adversarial relationship between<br />
residents and students and thus <strong>the</strong> University itself. It has been suggested that <strong>the</strong> University do more<br />
to help <strong>the</strong> local community. Physical separation can not foster healthy relationships. South Gate <strong>Park</strong>,<br />
immediately adjacent to Route 1, <strong>of</strong>fers recreational opportunities for students and residents alike,<br />
<strong>the</strong>reby support<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>term<strong>in</strong>gl<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> two groups.<br />
Picture 10: Student Riot <strong>in</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong><br />
Picture 11: Police Reaction to Student Riot<br />
Source: Diamondback Newspaper <strong>College</strong><br />
Source: Diamondback Newspaper <strong>College</strong><br />
The residents <strong>of</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> have different needs and concerns than those <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>City</strong> and bus<strong>in</strong>ess<br />
owners. The Team surveyed <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> Civic Association leaders to determ<strong>in</strong>e <strong>the</strong> sentiment <strong>of</strong> local<br />
residents. The associations represented neighborhoods with populations rang<strong>in</strong>g from 700 to 6000. All<br />
four associations hold regular community meet<strong>in</strong>gs, generally once a month. Resident participation <strong>in</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong>se meet<strong>in</strong>gs is relatively low, rang<strong>in</strong>g from 15 to 38 residents each. All four associations sponsor<br />
community events <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g block parties, yard sales, picnics, holiday events, community days, and even<br />
a Deffeati Graffiti Brigade. These events are held with<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> neighborhoods and <strong>in</strong> local parks.<br />
One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> association heads did not believe that downtown <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> serves as a focal po<strong>in</strong>t for <strong>the</strong><br />
whole city. Two strongly believe it does and one somewhat agrees. When asked what would be most<br />
<strong>in</strong>fluential <strong>in</strong> draw<strong>in</strong>g people from <strong>the</strong> neighborhood <strong>in</strong>to <strong>the</strong> downtown area, <strong>the</strong> answers varied. <strong>Public</strong><br />
Art and outdoor eat<strong>in</strong>g areas both received positive responses and are considered effective at draw<strong>in</strong>g<br />
residents to <strong>the</strong> downtown area. None <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> respondents were aware <strong>of</strong> neighborhood activities that<br />
might benefit from a downtown public space. The associations did not <strong>in</strong>dicate that <strong>the</strong>y would actively<br />
participate <strong>in</strong> ma<strong>in</strong>tenance activities. Overall, <strong>the</strong> resident associations that responded do not feel a<br />
connection to <strong>the</strong> downtown area.<br />
The University does not appear to be greatly concerned with <strong>the</strong> development <strong>of</strong> public spaces <strong>in</strong> <strong>College</strong><br />
<strong>Park</strong>, though this concern does appear to be grow<strong>in</strong>g. The Team attempted to contact stakeholders<br />
with<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> University to determ<strong>in</strong>e its perspective. Contacts <strong>in</strong>cluded Brenda Testa, Director <strong>of</strong> Facilities<br />
Plann<strong>in</strong>g, Bill Malari, Office <strong>of</strong> Facilities Management, and John Hilly, Manager <strong>of</strong> Facilities Plann<strong>in</strong>g.<br />
There is support for a revitalization effort <strong>in</strong> South Gate <strong>Park</strong>, accord<strong>in</strong>g to <strong>the</strong> Office <strong>of</strong> Facilities<br />
16
Management, and <strong>in</strong> fact, unsuccessful attempts have been made <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> past to transform <strong>the</strong> area <strong>in</strong>to a<br />
function<strong>in</strong>g public space. Previous activities <strong>in</strong>dicate that <strong>the</strong>re are <strong>in</strong>dividuals at <strong>the</strong> University who<br />
recognize <strong>the</strong> lack <strong>of</strong> identify<strong>in</strong>g spaces <strong>in</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong>. In 1995, <strong>the</strong> Dean <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> School <strong>of</strong> Architecture<br />
conducted a study <strong>of</strong> Chapel Hill, NC and Pr<strong>in</strong>ceton, NJ to ga<strong>in</strong> a better understand<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> how <strong>College</strong><br />
<strong>Park</strong> can be a more vibrant college town.<br />
Suitability Analysis<br />
The Team presents recommendations for all three sites identified as potential public spaces, hav<strong>in</strong>g<br />
determ<strong>in</strong>ed that each site can serve a unique purpose, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g an outdoor eat<strong>in</strong>g area, an open air<br />
performance space, and a venue for public art. The Team determ<strong>in</strong>ed suitability through field<br />
observations and <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> a chart rank<strong>in</strong>g each site as ‘most suitable’, ‘somewhat suitable’, or ‘least<br />
suitable’. The chart did not address issues such as accessibility and park<strong>in</strong>g (See Appendix 5). The<br />
Team found that <strong>the</strong> Book Exchange site is <strong>the</strong> most suitable for an outdoor performance area given its<br />
size and location. The focus <strong>in</strong> this area will be on permanent seat<strong>in</strong>g; pathways and landscap<strong>in</strong>g; and<br />
<strong>the</strong> creation <strong>of</strong> an area suitable for outdoor performances. The <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> Shopp<strong>in</strong>g Center is home to<br />
many restaurants and, <strong>in</strong> turn, would benefit from <strong>the</strong> addition <strong>of</strong> café seat<strong>in</strong>g. The Shopp<strong>in</strong>g Center is<br />
automobile oriented and patrons may have a more positive experience if landscap<strong>in</strong>g is used to separate<br />
<strong>the</strong> park<strong>in</strong>g area from <strong>the</strong> sidewalk and seat<strong>in</strong>g areas. The South Gate site, given its size, is most<br />
appropriate for a public art display and seat<strong>in</strong>g area, and will function best as a plaza space with seat<strong>in</strong>g<br />
for restaurant patrons and visual improvements.<br />
The Team also discussed <strong>the</strong>se areas with two different landscape architects: Janet Townshend,<br />
Suburban <strong>Maryland</strong> <strong>of</strong>fice <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Neighborhood Design Center; and Shengl<strong>in</strong> Chang, Assistant Pr<strong>of</strong>essor<br />
<strong>of</strong> Landscape Architecture at <strong>the</strong> University. They found <strong>the</strong> sites to be suitable for <strong>the</strong> uses we<br />
suggested. There was, however, disagreement over <strong>the</strong> suitability <strong>of</strong> South Gate <strong>Park</strong> for any use, as<br />
physical constra<strong>in</strong>ts <strong>in</strong> that area are quite challeng<strong>in</strong>g. The Team identifies specific problems <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
recommendation section <strong>of</strong> this report.<br />
The follow<strong>in</strong>g section presents each site <strong>in</strong>dividually, list<strong>in</strong>g exist<strong>in</strong>g conditions and guidel<strong>in</strong>es for<br />
development. Our recommendations are based on <strong>the</strong> analysis above and are meant to be conceptual<br />
strategies. The physical development <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se spaces can only occur after a strong commitment is made<br />
to <strong>the</strong> development <strong>of</strong> public open spaces <strong>in</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong>.<br />
17
COLLEGE PARK SHOPPING CENTER<br />
History and Exist<strong>in</strong>g Conditions<br />
At 90,528 square feet, <strong>the</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> Shopp<strong>in</strong>g Center is <strong>the</strong> s<strong>in</strong>gle largest commercial property <strong>in</strong><br />
downtown <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong>. Located on <strong>the</strong> west side <strong>of</strong> Route 1 between Hartwick and Knox Roads, it is<br />
arguably <strong>the</strong> most visibly prom<strong>in</strong>ent structure downtown (with <strong>the</strong> exception <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> University) for drivers<br />
and pedestrians alike.<br />
Picture 12: <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> Shopp<strong>in</strong>g Center<br />
The center was built <strong>in</strong> 1949 at <strong>the</strong> start <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> automobile age, and is one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
earliest “strip mal” examples <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
greater Wash<strong>in</strong>gton, D.C. area. The<br />
ideals <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> time promoted efficiency and<br />
convenience, which for many planners<br />
and designers meant easy access for<br />
automobiles. The design for <strong>the</strong> <strong>College</strong><br />
<strong>Park</strong> Shopp<strong>in</strong>g Center was likely<br />
considered progressive and unique at <strong>the</strong><br />
time <strong>of</strong> its construction, but its form has<br />
s<strong>in</strong>ce become highly recognizable and<br />
familiar for Americans <strong>in</strong> every part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
country. It is laid out <strong>in</strong> a large ‘L’ shape<br />
surround<strong>in</strong>g a surface park<strong>in</strong>g lot.<br />
Automobiles may enter from ei<strong>the</strong>r Route<br />
1 or Knox Road, and park for a small<br />
meter fee. The storefronts that l<strong>in</strong>e <strong>the</strong> ‘L’<br />
Source: Team Photo<br />
shape are protected by a covered<br />
walkway that extends from <strong>the</strong> public<br />
sidewalk on Route 1 to that <strong>of</strong> Knox Road. The store level façade is simple, smooth, beige-pa<strong>in</strong>ted brick.<br />
Above <strong>the</strong> walkway, a newer façade, orig<strong>in</strong>ally completed dur<strong>in</strong>g center-wide renovations <strong>in</strong> 1989, runs<br />
<strong>the</strong> entire length <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ‘L.’ It consists <strong>of</strong> a solid, bright blue corugated metal “awn<strong>in</strong>g,” beneath which has<br />
been addeda strip <strong>of</strong> green plastic and bright yelow metal “girders.” It is unclear whe<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong>se girders<br />
serve an architectural function or are simply decorative. Fixed to <strong>the</strong> blue awn<strong>in</strong>g are signs for each <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> stores beneath. It is notable that <strong>the</strong> <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> seems to have adopted <strong>the</strong> color blue as its<br />
<strong>the</strong>me hue for downtown. Street signs, garbage cans and o<strong>the</strong>r public features have been redone <strong>in</strong> blue<br />
over <strong>the</strong> last several years, and <strong>in</strong> this respect <strong>the</strong> design <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> shopp<strong>in</strong>g center cooperates with <strong>the</strong><br />
overall character <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> area. However, while most build<strong>in</strong>gs downtown use blue as no more than an<br />
accent, <strong>the</strong> shopp<strong>in</strong>g center is dom<strong>in</strong>ated by <strong>the</strong> color.<br />
The ‘L’ shaped portion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> center conta<strong>in</strong>s 14 stores. The sizes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se stores vary widely from <strong>the</strong><br />
1,200 square foot yogurt shop to <strong>the</strong> nearly 12,000 square foot-cloth<strong>in</strong>g store. The vary<strong>in</strong>g store sizes<br />
lead to a somewhat <strong>in</strong>terest<strong>in</strong>g variance <strong>in</strong> sidewalk widths. The western leg <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ‘L’ is especialy<br />
varied, jutt<strong>in</strong>g out at right angles along a diagonal, creat<strong>in</strong>g some very wide sidewalk areas. The sidewalk<br />
along <strong>the</strong> length <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ‘L’ ranges from 8 feet <strong>in</strong> width to 14 feet, and represents <strong>the</strong> only space <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
center that could potentially be used as quasi-public space. It is paved with standard 4-foot square<br />
concrete pav<strong>in</strong>g blocks. There is no usable space between <strong>the</strong> sidewalk and <strong>the</strong> park<strong>in</strong>g lot, as cars park<br />
essentially up aga<strong>in</strong>st <strong>the</strong> pavement. For <strong>the</strong> most part, <strong>the</strong> sidewalk is wide open and devoid <strong>of</strong> many<br />
structures. However, <strong>the</strong>re are many trashcans l<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> ‘L’ and two <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> food establishments place<br />
small d<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g tables outside when <strong>the</strong> whe<strong>the</strong>r is nice. The bookstore also keeps a couple <strong>of</strong> sale racks<br />
outside for sidewalk brows<strong>in</strong>g. The only formal, public sitt<strong>in</strong>g space is located at <strong>the</strong> crook <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ‘L,’ and<br />
is provided by two lone benches on top <strong>of</strong> a square outcrop <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sidewalk cover<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> service vents.<br />
The center <strong>of</strong>fers space for 17 bus<strong>in</strong>esses <strong>in</strong> total, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g a stand-alone bank at <strong>the</strong> corner <strong>of</strong> Route 1<br />
and Knox Road and a neighbor<strong>in</strong>g copy center and family restaurant on <strong>the</strong> adjacent parcel to <strong>the</strong> south<br />
18
<strong>of</strong> Hartwick Road. One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> 14 stores <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> ‘L’ shaped portion is curently be<strong>in</strong>g renovated to house a<br />
fast food restaurant, and once that is f<strong>in</strong>ished <strong>the</strong> ma<strong>in</strong> ‘L’ <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> center will house <strong>the</strong> follow<strong>in</strong>g:<br />
6 d<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g establishments;<br />
1 pharmacy;<br />
1 convenience store;<br />
1 cloth<strong>in</strong>g store;<br />
1 book store;<br />
1 barber shop;<br />
1 video rental store;<br />
1 electronics store; and<br />
1 educational center.<br />
The second floor <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> western side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
build<strong>in</strong>g is <strong>of</strong>fice space. Overall, this represents a<br />
healthy mix <strong>of</strong> retail and services, and each<br />
bus<strong>in</strong>ess seems to do very well for itself. The<br />
center is part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>City</strong>’s new M-U-I (Multiple-<br />
Use-Infill) overlay zon<strong>in</strong>g area. It is privately<br />
owned by JBG Rosenfeld Retail Properties <strong>of</strong><br />
Be<strong>the</strong>sda, <strong>Maryland</strong>.<br />
Picture 13: Outdoor Seat<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> Shopp<strong>in</strong>g Center<br />
Source: Team Photo<br />
Identified Problems<br />
One obstacle to <strong>the</strong> creation <strong>of</strong> public space at <strong>the</strong> shopp<strong>in</strong>g center is its almost complete automobile<br />
orientation <strong>in</strong> an area that o<strong>the</strong>rwise strives to be pedestrian oriented. This fact contributes to two related<br />
though separate concerns. First, a vast majority <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> property is taken up by <strong>the</strong> surface park<strong>in</strong>g lot,<br />
leav<strong>in</strong>g only <strong>the</strong> small covered walkways and store <strong>in</strong>teriors for mean<strong>in</strong>gful social <strong>in</strong>teraction. This is not<br />
<strong>the</strong> sort <strong>of</strong> place where one would be tempted to d<strong>in</strong>e or o<strong>the</strong>rwise l<strong>in</strong>ger outdoors. Second, pedestrian<br />
connections lead<strong>in</strong>g to and from <strong>the</strong> shopp<strong>in</strong>g center are lack<strong>in</strong>g, especially when it comes to cross<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Knox Road. The current design is focused on gett<strong>in</strong>g automobiles <strong>in</strong> and out, mak<strong>in</strong>g it unattractive and<br />
sometimes treacherous for <strong>the</strong> many customers who walk to <strong>the</strong> shopp<strong>in</strong>g center from elsewhere.<br />
Picture 14: <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> Shopp<strong>in</strong>g Center Façade<br />
Source: Team Photo<br />
Ano<strong>the</strong>r problem is <strong>the</strong> center’s lack <strong>of</strong> trees<br />
and greenery. Beyond some low shrubs along<br />
Route 1 and around <strong>the</strong> bank build<strong>in</strong>g, <strong>the</strong>re is<br />
no greenery, nei<strong>the</strong>r <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> park<strong>in</strong>g lot nor<br />
along <strong>the</strong> covered walkway. This gives <strong>the</strong><br />
site a stark, exposed feel<strong>in</strong>g, quite <strong>in</strong> contrast<br />
to <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>rwise very green <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>College</strong><br />
<strong>Park</strong>. In addition, <strong>the</strong> center’s blue façade,<br />
while quite colorful, conflicts with <strong>the</strong> more<br />
subdued brick, stone, and wood façades <strong>of</strong><br />
neighbor<strong>in</strong>g build<strong>in</strong>gs. Despite <strong>the</strong> façade,<br />
<strong>the</strong>re is a lot <strong>of</strong> blank space <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> center. The<br />
nor<strong>the</strong>rnmost wall is completely blank with <strong>the</strong><br />
exception <strong>of</strong> a sign for <strong>the</strong> store at that<br />
location, while <strong>the</strong> cloth<strong>in</strong>g store has a long,<br />
blank wall fac<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> walkway. There are also<br />
<strong>the</strong> blank walls <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> passageway <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> crook<br />
or <strong>the</strong> ‘L’ and <strong>the</strong> un<strong>in</strong>terupted blacktop <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
central park<strong>in</strong>g lot.<br />
19
Ma<strong>in</strong>tenance <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> center appears to be adequate. Upon<br />
observation, many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> walkway lights are broken or fad<strong>in</strong>g.<br />
Also, <strong>the</strong> ceil<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> walkway has sprung leaks <strong>in</strong> more than<br />
one spot, caus<strong>in</strong>g moldy growths on <strong>the</strong> wall. One particularly<br />
disturb<strong>in</strong>g corner is a passageway lead<strong>in</strong>g from <strong>the</strong> crook <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
‘L’ to <strong>the</strong> back <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> center, a place reserved for garbage<br />
dumpsters and delivery trucks. Though cheery signs placed<br />
above both entries to <strong>the</strong> passage promote access to additional<br />
park<strong>in</strong>g and <strong>the</strong> neighbor<strong>in</strong>g copy center and family restaurant,<br />
<strong>the</strong> passage itself is dim, damp, dirty and smelly, and leads<br />
directly to garbage and diesel fumes. Some <strong>of</strong> this is<br />
understandable given <strong>the</strong> age <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> structure, but much could<br />
be done to improve <strong>the</strong> situation.<br />
Suitability<br />
Picture 15: Shopp<strong>in</strong>g Center Signage<br />
Source: Team Photo<br />
Picture 16: <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> Shopp<strong>in</strong>g Center Seat<strong>in</strong>g<br />
As mentioned <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> methodology section, our<br />
studio group completed a series <strong>of</strong> field<br />
observations <strong>in</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> to discover how<br />
and how <strong>of</strong>ten certa<strong>in</strong> downtown spaces are<br />
used, and by whom. Observers were sent to <strong>the</strong><br />
shopp<strong>in</strong>g center at various times on various<br />
days: weekday and weekend morn<strong>in</strong>gs and<br />
afternoons, and a Friday even<strong>in</strong>g. Though<br />
crowds tended to peak around lunch and d<strong>in</strong>ner<br />
hours, <strong>the</strong>re seemed to be a sturdy flow <strong>of</strong> traffic<br />
dur<strong>in</strong>g most bus<strong>in</strong>ess hours. Observers noted<br />
that <strong>the</strong> park<strong>in</strong>g lot rema<strong>in</strong>ed mostly full dur<strong>in</strong>g<br />
<strong>the</strong>ir visits, and that <strong>the</strong>re was a good deal <strong>of</strong><br />
foot traffic on <strong>the</strong> walkway. However, <strong>the</strong>re were<br />
very few loiterers observed, and consider<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong><br />
options people have for <strong>in</strong>formal outdoor<br />
ga<strong>the</strong>r<strong>in</strong>gs, this was understandable. The few<br />
Source: Team Photo<br />
outdoor d<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g tables were consistently <strong>in</strong> use<br />
when <strong>the</strong> wea<strong>the</strong>r was nice, and <strong>the</strong> two benches at <strong>the</strong> crook <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ‘L’ were used occasionaly.<br />
However, <strong>the</strong> location and placement <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> benches do not encourage people to sit and relax <strong>in</strong> this<br />
area. Many people observed, however, were forced to sit on <strong>the</strong> curbs or newspaper stands. O<strong>the</strong>rs<br />
leaned aga<strong>in</strong>st pillars and park<strong>in</strong>g meters, or squatted aga<strong>in</strong>st outside walls. S<strong>in</strong>ce <strong>the</strong>re were so few<br />
pleasant and convenient places to loiter, most people stayed only long enough to meet up with a friend<br />
and go elsewhere, or f<strong>in</strong>ish up a call on <strong>the</strong>ir cell phones and <strong>the</strong>n leave.<br />
The types <strong>of</strong> people who frequent <strong>the</strong> center are surpris<strong>in</strong>gly diverse. Although <strong>the</strong>re were a great deal <strong>of</strong><br />
students, even a majority <strong>in</strong> some cases, <strong>the</strong>re were many local families, middle aged and senior<br />
residents, and, especially on <strong>the</strong> weekends, a crowd <strong>of</strong> diverse <strong>in</strong>dividuals who appeared to have driven<br />
to <strong>the</strong> area from outside <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> altoge<strong>the</strong>r. Many people came and walked around <strong>in</strong> groups,<br />
though it appears that many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> observed loiterers were alone or wait<strong>in</strong>g to meet someone before<br />
go<strong>in</strong>g elsewhere. Some observers noted that males tend to outnumber female loiterers. One <strong>in</strong>terest<strong>in</strong>g<br />
addition to <strong>the</strong>se observations came from casual conversations with students who use <strong>the</strong> center on a<br />
regular basis. Apparently, after <strong>the</strong> bus<strong>in</strong>esses close for <strong>the</strong> even<strong>in</strong>g, <strong>the</strong> Center’s park<strong>in</strong>g lot turns <strong>in</strong>to a<br />
ga<strong>the</strong>r<strong>in</strong>g spot for college students. One architecture student referred to <strong>the</strong> after-hours hot spot as <strong>the</strong><br />
“Colege <strong>Park</strong> Piazza.” Once <strong>the</strong> cars disappear, <strong>the</strong> people amass <strong>in</strong> even greater numbers, suggest<strong>in</strong>g<br />
that a need for public or quasi-public space exists <strong>the</strong>re even beyond that <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> daytime users. It<br />
appears that given <strong>the</strong> opportunity, many people would use and enjoy an attractive outdoor space at <strong>the</strong><br />
Center.<br />
20
As mentioned above, <strong>the</strong> nature <strong>of</strong> this site leaves little room for public or quasi-public space, but <strong>the</strong><br />
need exists. One major constra<strong>in</strong>t is that JBG owns <strong>the</strong> site. Ano<strong>the</strong>r constra<strong>in</strong>t is <strong>the</strong> issue <strong>of</strong> park<strong>in</strong>g.<br />
Aga<strong>in</strong>, park<strong>in</strong>g is a concern <strong>in</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> and <strong>the</strong> Team attempted to work around this constra<strong>in</strong>t.<br />
However, <strong>in</strong> mak<strong>in</strong>g recommendations for this site, <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Team concluded that <strong>the</strong> issue <strong>of</strong> park<strong>in</strong>g must<br />
be confronted. The overall appearance and atmosphere <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Center could benefit from <strong>the</strong> conversion<br />
<strong>of</strong> as few as two park<strong>in</strong>g spaces to café seat<strong>in</strong>g.<br />
As it happens, some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> f<strong>in</strong>est examples <strong>of</strong> successful strip mall renovations can be found very nearby<br />
<strong>in</strong> Rockville. Rockville Pike, <strong>the</strong> major commercial thoroughfare through <strong>the</strong> city, is l<strong>in</strong>ed with strip malls<br />
built <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> years follow<strong>in</strong>g World War II. Many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se strip malls have recently been renovated, and<br />
though <strong>the</strong>ir basic layout rema<strong>in</strong>s unchanged, <strong>the</strong>ir appearance and relationship to neighbor<strong>in</strong>g properties<br />
has improved greatly. Similarly, <strong>the</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> Shopp<strong>in</strong>g Center could be greatly improved by some<br />
simple façade changes, addition <strong>of</strong> plants, park<strong>in</strong>g reconfiguration, better pedestrian access, and <strong>the</strong><br />
<strong>in</strong>clusion <strong>of</strong> outdoor d<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g tables.<br />
Picture 17: Successful <strong>Public</strong> <strong>Space</strong><br />
Picture 18: Successful <strong>Public</strong> <strong>Space</strong><br />
Source: Team Photo<br />
Source: Team Photo<br />
Recommendations/Guidel<strong>in</strong>es<br />
Design<br />
The most significant recommendation for <strong>the</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> Shopp<strong>in</strong>g Center would be <strong>the</strong> development<br />
and implementation <strong>of</strong> design guidel<strong>in</strong>es. The urban design guidel<strong>in</strong>es for commercial areas laid out <strong>in</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> Master Plan for <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong>, Greenbelt and Langley <strong>Park</strong> <strong>in</strong> 1989 are an excellent start<strong>in</strong>g po<strong>in</strong>t. It<br />
was extremely encourag<strong>in</strong>g to f<strong>in</strong>d that <strong>the</strong> region already has a clear set <strong>of</strong> ideas regard<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> creation<br />
and ma<strong>in</strong>tenance <strong>of</strong> public space <strong>in</strong> commercial areas. (for additional design guidel<strong>in</strong>es, see Appendix 6).<br />
<strong>Park</strong><strong>in</strong>g and Circulation Improvement- The Team does not have recommendations for <strong>the</strong><br />
reconfiguration <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> center’s park<strong>in</strong>g lot, but does recommend that <strong>the</strong> shopp<strong>in</strong>g center’s management<br />
consider consult<strong>in</strong>g an expert to determ<strong>in</strong>e options for reconfigur<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> on-site park<strong>in</strong>g to improve<br />
access, efficiency, and safety. It appears that <strong>the</strong>re is enough space <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> park<strong>in</strong>g lot to have it<br />
reconfigured for better traffic flow, safer pedestrian access, and <strong>the</strong> addition <strong>of</strong> landscap<strong>in</strong>g, without<br />
jeopardiz<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> spaces available. The 1989 Master Plan recommends several guidel<strong>in</strong>es for<br />
<strong>the</strong> improvement <strong>of</strong> park<strong>in</strong>g facilities. First, it suggests that some exist<strong>in</strong>g park<strong>in</strong>g spaces be modified <strong>in</strong>to<br />
spots for compact cars. This frees up space for wider sidewalks and planters, while ma<strong>in</strong>ta<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> same<br />
number <strong>of</strong> park<strong>in</strong>g spaces. In addition, <strong>the</strong> Team recommends us<strong>in</strong>g angled park<strong>in</strong>g spaces placed along<br />
one-way park<strong>in</strong>g lanes. This too frees up space for o<strong>the</strong>r uses. The Master Plan also recommends that<br />
highly visible pavement mark<strong>in</strong>gs be provided to <strong>in</strong>dicate proper vehicular circulation and pedestrian<br />
movement. If one-way lanes are to be enforced, such <strong>in</strong>dicators are immensely useful. The Team also<br />
recommends narrow<strong>in</strong>g one-way lanes so that drivers are physically unable to drive on <strong>the</strong>m <strong>in</strong> both<br />
directions. This will also reduce <strong>the</strong> space needed for park<strong>in</strong>g and will help clarify circulation <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> lot.<br />
Landscap<strong>in</strong>g Additions- The Master Plan design guidel<strong>in</strong>es also recommend maximiz<strong>in</strong>g landscap<strong>in</strong>g to<br />
m<strong>in</strong>imize a monotonous view <strong>of</strong> park<strong>in</strong>g areas from <strong>the</strong> ma<strong>in</strong> road. As mentioned, <strong>the</strong> park<strong>in</strong>g lot is<br />
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currently devoid <strong>of</strong> plant<strong>in</strong>gs and could be improved with <strong>the</strong> addition <strong>of</strong> even a small amount <strong>of</strong> greenery.<br />
Not only is landscap<strong>in</strong>g aes<strong>the</strong>tically pleas<strong>in</strong>g, it acts as an important buffer between park<strong>in</strong>g and<br />
shopp<strong>in</strong>g areas. The Master Plan also suggests provid<strong>in</strong>g a landscaped strip <strong>in</strong> front <strong>of</strong> stores, wherever<br />
feasible. If a reconfiguration <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> park<strong>in</strong>g lot frees up some space as expected, <strong>the</strong>re should be room to<br />
place planter boxes along <strong>the</strong> perimeter <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> pedestrian walkway, between <strong>the</strong> parked cars and <strong>the</strong><br />
sidewalk, as well as <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> park<strong>in</strong>g lot itself. Ano<strong>the</strong>r foot <strong>of</strong> space would be sufficient to replace <strong>the</strong><br />
current park<strong>in</strong>g bumpers with narrow planter boxes. Even this provides a needed buffer between park<strong>in</strong>g<br />
and shopp<strong>in</strong>g areas and would make <strong>the</strong> walkway more pleasant. Trees are needed <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>terior <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
park<strong>in</strong>g lot and can serve a variety <strong>of</strong> practical purposes. First, <strong>the</strong>y provide a buffer, as mentioned<br />
above, between <strong>the</strong> street and <strong>the</strong> park<strong>in</strong>g lot. Second, <strong>the</strong>y provide shade for customers and <strong>the</strong>ir<br />
vehicles on hot, sunny days. Third, when planted strategically, <strong>the</strong>y can be used to help direct <strong>the</strong><br />
circulation <strong>of</strong> traffic, both automobile and pedestrian.<br />
Façade Changes- The Master Plan states that owners should create build<strong>in</strong>g façades and styles<br />
compatible with neighbor<strong>in</strong>g build<strong>in</strong>gs whenever possible by unify<strong>in</strong>g color schemes and build<strong>in</strong>g<br />
materials. As mentioned earlier, <strong>the</strong> Center’s façade respects <strong>the</strong> <strong>City</strong>’s apparent color scheme <strong>of</strong> blue;<br />
however, it does so to an extent that clashes with its neighbors’ simpler façades <strong>of</strong> brick, stone, and<br />
wood. The Master Plan goes on to suggest that care should be exercised <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> remodel<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> build<strong>in</strong>gs<br />
to enhance, ra<strong>the</strong>r than weaken, <strong>the</strong> orig<strong>in</strong>al character <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> build<strong>in</strong>g façades. If <strong>the</strong> second-story <strong>of</strong>fices<br />
above <strong>the</strong> center are any <strong>in</strong>dication, <strong>the</strong> orig<strong>in</strong>al façade was made <strong>of</strong> simple, beige brick with an accent<br />
row <strong>of</strong> red brick. The Team recommends that any future remodel<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> center should aim to simplify<br />
<strong>the</strong> awn<strong>in</strong>gs and expose more <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> orig<strong>in</strong>al façade. The Team believes that this will improve <strong>the</strong><br />
Center’s compatibility with its neighbors.<br />
Picture 19: Façade Improvement<br />
Picture 20: Façade Improvement<br />
Source: Team Photo<br />
Source: Team Photo<br />
Outdoor D<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g- Outdoor d<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g enlivens a public or quasi-public space. In a place like <strong>the</strong> Shopp<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Center, outdoor d<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g is enjoyable for customers, but also beneficial for bus<strong>in</strong>esses. Most people are<br />
naturally drawn to o<strong>the</strong>r people hav<strong>in</strong>g a good time <strong>in</strong> public. Outdoor d<strong>in</strong>ers attract <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>terest <strong>of</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
potential customers who might <strong>the</strong>n be more likely to patronize <strong>the</strong> restaurant. Even bus<strong>in</strong>esses that do<br />
not sell food can benefit from outdoor d<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g. If someone is wait<strong>in</strong>g for a table outside, he might be more<br />
likely to explore <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r stores nearby.<br />
Currently, two stores <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Shopp<strong>in</strong>g Center <strong>of</strong>fer limited outdoor seat<strong>in</strong>g. Presently, add<strong>in</strong>g more tables<br />
outside is not a viable solution for <strong>the</strong> problem <strong>of</strong> outdoor d<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g. First, <strong>the</strong> sidewalks tend to be <strong>the</strong><br />
narrowest <strong>in</strong> front <strong>of</strong> stores that sell food. More tables <strong>in</strong> that space might lead to overcrowd<strong>in</strong>g which<br />
would impede <strong>the</strong> flow <strong>of</strong> pedestrian traffic. Therefore, we recommend that <strong>the</strong> sidewalk surround<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong><br />
crook <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ‘L’ be widened by at least four feet, or as much as park<strong>in</strong>g will allow. The Team believes that<br />
this area would be an ideal spot for d<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g tables and chairs that could be shared by d<strong>in</strong>ers <strong>of</strong> all <strong>the</strong><br />
Shopp<strong>in</strong>g Center’s eat<strong>in</strong>g establishments. Ano<strong>the</strong>r issue is <strong>the</strong> lack <strong>of</strong> landscap<strong>in</strong>g. Without a gren<br />
buffer between <strong>the</strong> parked cars and <strong>the</strong> sidewalk, sitt<strong>in</strong>g outdoors at <strong>the</strong> shopp<strong>in</strong>g center is simply not<br />
attractive for many people. Before outdoor d<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g can succeed, <strong>the</strong> center will need to <strong>in</strong>corporate a<br />
buffer between <strong>the</strong> park<strong>in</strong>g lot and sidewalk.<br />
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Orientation- As mentioned, this shopp<strong>in</strong>g center is oriented heavily towards <strong>the</strong> automobile. In an ideal<br />
world, it would be flipped to put its storefronts near <strong>the</strong> street and its park<strong>in</strong>g lot to <strong>the</strong> rear. S<strong>in</strong>ce this is<br />
impossible short <strong>of</strong> raz<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> entire site and start<strong>in</strong>g aga<strong>in</strong> from scratch, <strong>the</strong> Team has some suggestions<br />
to reorient at least one side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> center. Currently, <strong>the</strong> back wall <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> shopp<strong>in</strong>g center along Hartwick<br />
Road is quite bleak and un<strong>in</strong>vit<strong>in</strong>g. It presents a blank wall, garbage dumpsters and load<strong>in</strong>g docks to<br />
passersby. Though shopp<strong>in</strong>g center park<strong>in</strong>g is available on <strong>the</strong> opposite side <strong>of</strong> Hartwick Road, fewer<br />
people park here than <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> center’s ma<strong>in</strong> park<strong>in</strong>g lot. A cheery sign beckons people to a walkway that<br />
leads to <strong>the</strong> shops, but this is <strong>the</strong> only <strong>in</strong>vit<strong>in</strong>g aspect <strong>of</strong> an o<strong>the</strong>rwise <strong>in</strong>hospitable area. In an effort to<br />
br<strong>in</strong>g some life to Hartwick Road and ease <strong>the</strong> pressure on <strong>the</strong> park<strong>in</strong>g lot <strong>in</strong>side <strong>the</strong> shopp<strong>in</strong>g center, <strong>the</strong><br />
Team recommends a complete makeover <strong>of</strong> this site. The walls should be pa<strong>in</strong>ted with bright murals,<br />
perhaps depict<strong>in</strong>g city history, or even just done <strong>in</strong> University <strong>of</strong> <strong>Maryland</strong> colors or o<strong>the</strong>r <strong>Maryland</strong>ia<br />
(more about murals below). If possible, w<strong>in</strong>dows should be <strong>in</strong>serted <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> wall, even if <strong>the</strong> glass is<br />
opaque. This will help s<strong>of</strong>ten <strong>the</strong> façade and make it more attractive to customers. The more this side <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> shopp<strong>in</strong>g center can be redesigned to look like an entrance ra<strong>the</strong>r than “<strong>the</strong> back,” <strong>the</strong> more<br />
comfortable customers will be park<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Hartwick Road lot and walk<strong>in</strong>g to <strong>the</strong> ma<strong>in</strong> shopp<strong>in</strong>g center.<br />
There wil be fur<strong>the</strong>r discussion <strong>of</strong> this site under <strong>the</strong> “Walkability” section.<br />
Walkability<br />
Access to <strong>the</strong> Shopp<strong>in</strong>g Center is automobile-centered. This creates a difficult and dangerous situation<br />
for <strong>the</strong> many customers who park elsewhere and walk, or walk directly to <strong>the</strong> Center. Improvements can<br />
be made <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> areas <strong>of</strong> pedestrian access po<strong>in</strong>ts, circulation, and safety.<br />
Pedestrian Access Po<strong>in</strong>ts- For most pedestrians, <strong>the</strong> most logical po<strong>in</strong>ts <strong>of</strong> access to <strong>the</strong> shopp<strong>in</strong>g<br />
center are at ei<strong>the</strong>r end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ‘L’: Route 1 at Hartwick Road or Knox Road at Sterl<strong>in</strong>g Place.<br />
Unfortunately, nei<strong>the</strong>r access po<strong>in</strong>t is very convenient. First <strong>of</strong> all, <strong>the</strong>re is no stop light on Route 1 at<br />
Hartwick Road. Anyone hop<strong>in</strong>g to access <strong>the</strong> shopp<strong>in</strong>g center from this direction must dart across Route<br />
1 between <strong>the</strong> traffic. O<strong>the</strong>rwise, one must walk up to Knox Road to cross safely. For people try<strong>in</strong>g to<br />
get to <strong>the</strong> bus<strong>in</strong>esses at this end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> shopp<strong>in</strong>g center, a light at Hartwick Road would be very useful.<br />
The second ma<strong>in</strong> po<strong>in</strong>t <strong>of</strong> access is not well positioned. It is not located at a signaled <strong>in</strong>tersection and<br />
automobiles have no reason to stop for <strong>the</strong> many pedestrians who walk from <strong>the</strong> University and cross <strong>the</strong><br />
street here at Knox Road. Aga<strong>in</strong>, pedestrians are forced to dart across <strong>the</strong> street. Fur<strong>the</strong>r, vehicles<br />
parked along Knox Road impede pedestrian sightl<strong>in</strong>es, mak<strong>in</strong>g it difficult to know whe<strong>the</strong>r a car is<br />
approach<strong>in</strong>g. The Team recommends that a clearly marked pedestrian crosswalk be <strong>in</strong>stalled at this<br />
location. If possible, it should be accompanied by a stop sign, or at <strong>the</strong> very least, a sign that <strong>in</strong>structs<br />
drivers to “yield to pedestrians.”<br />
A third pedestrian access po<strong>in</strong>t with great potential is <strong>the</strong> aforementioned passageway that leads from <strong>the</strong><br />
crook <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ‘L’ to Hartwick Road and <strong>the</strong> additional park<strong>in</strong>g across <strong>the</strong> street. Right now, <strong>the</strong><br />
passageway is more forebod<strong>in</strong>g than friendly, but if it were redesigned it could take a lot <strong>of</strong> pressure <strong>of</strong>f<br />
<strong>the</strong> shopp<strong>in</strong>g center’s park<strong>in</strong>g lot. Accord<strong>in</strong>g to <strong>the</strong> Team’s observations, <strong>the</strong> lot across Hartwick (also<br />
owned by JBG Rosenfeld) is rarely at capacity. If <strong>the</strong> l<strong>in</strong>k between that lot and <strong>the</strong> passageway could be<br />
made more appeal<strong>in</strong>g, <strong>the</strong> spot could become an active pedestrian access po<strong>in</strong>t. First <strong>of</strong> all, <strong>the</strong>re should<br />
be a clearly marked pedestrian crosswalk from <strong>the</strong> lot across Hartwick to <strong>the</strong> passageway. Aga<strong>in</strong>, stop<br />
signs or “yield to pedestrians” signs should be placed at ei<strong>the</strong>r end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> crosswalk for pedestrian safety.<br />
Second, every effort should be made to cont<strong>in</strong>ue <strong>the</strong> path created by <strong>the</strong> crosswalk directly to <strong>the</strong> mouth<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> passageway. Third, to <strong>the</strong> greatest extent possible, dumpsters and delivery bays should be<br />
screened from pedestrian view. This could be accomplished with landscap<strong>in</strong>g or with fences and gates<br />
that could be opened only when access to <strong>the</strong> dumpsters or delivery bays is needed.<br />
Pedestrian Circulation- Pedestrian circulation with<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Center is adequate shop to shop. As<br />
mentioned above, <strong>the</strong> addition <strong>of</strong> greenery and expanded sidewalks will, however, improve both <strong>the</strong><br />
pedestrian flow <strong>of</strong> traffic and make <strong>the</strong> shopp<strong>in</strong>g experience more pleasant. Where pedestrian circulation<br />
breaks down is actually <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> park<strong>in</strong>g lot, because <strong>the</strong> park<strong>in</strong>g lot is completely devoted to park<strong>in</strong>g and<br />
<strong>the</strong>re is no del<strong>in</strong>eated space for pedestrians to walk. This affects people who drive to <strong>the</strong> shopp<strong>in</strong>g center<br />
and those who walk. Customers who arrive by car are forced to dodge o<strong>the</strong>r cars as <strong>the</strong>y attempt to<br />
reach <strong>the</strong> nearest sidewalk. Likewise, customers who arrive on foot via <strong>the</strong> bank, for example, have no<br />
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direct way to reach <strong>the</strong> shops o<strong>the</strong>r than by forg<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong>ir own path through <strong>the</strong> park<strong>in</strong>g lot. The Team<br />
suggests that pedestrian pathways be created <strong>in</strong>side <strong>the</strong> park<strong>in</strong>g lot, perhaps del<strong>in</strong>eated by trees and<br />
o<strong>the</strong>r plant<strong>in</strong>gs. Clear street mark<strong>in</strong>gs should be made wherever <strong>the</strong>se paths must cross automobile<br />
traffic. This should ease circulation for pedestrians and drivers alike.<br />
Pedestrian Safety- If implemented, <strong>the</strong> above recommendations for access and circulation should<br />
greatly improve pedestrian safety.<br />
Community<br />
Even <strong>in</strong> a privately owned commercial development, efforts can be made to <strong>in</strong>volve <strong>the</strong> surround<strong>in</strong>g<br />
community <strong>in</strong> mak<strong>in</strong>g that space special and unique.<br />
Murals–One way to br<strong>in</strong>g a sense <strong>of</strong> community to a place<br />
is to <strong>in</strong>corporate local art, and one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> best ways to<br />
accommodate art <strong>in</strong> a space like <strong>the</strong> Shopp<strong>in</strong>g Center is<br />
through murals. Murals tell stories about <strong>the</strong> history,<br />
current society, and aspirations <strong>of</strong> a community. The<br />
nor<strong>the</strong>rnmost wall and <strong>the</strong> wall outside <strong>the</strong> cloth<strong>in</strong>g store<br />
are both wide, blank expanses, and consequently are<br />
perfectly suited for murals. Also, as already mentioned,<br />
<strong>the</strong> long, blank wall along Hartwick Road could become<br />
much more attractive with <strong>the</strong> addition <strong>of</strong> a mural. <strong>College</strong><br />
<strong>Park</strong> has a rich history from which to draw mural subjects.<br />
Possibilities <strong>in</strong>clude <strong>the</strong> history <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> University <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>Maryland</strong>; homage to <strong>the</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> airport; or<br />
renditions <strong>of</strong> Jim Henson and <strong>the</strong> Muppets he created<br />
while a student <strong>in</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong>. Local community artists<br />
or art students could work toge<strong>the</strong>r to create a mean<strong>in</strong>gful<br />
focal po<strong>in</strong>t for <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong>.<br />
Picture 21: Mural Improvement<br />
Source: Team Photo<br />
Safety<br />
Safety is, <strong>of</strong> course, a major concern for any public or quasi-public space. Safety guidel<strong>in</strong>es for a<br />
Shopp<strong>in</strong>g Center are, however, much different from those <strong>of</strong> a park or small open space. Overall, <strong>the</strong><br />
shopp<strong>in</strong>g center is a safe place, and implement<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r guidel<strong>in</strong>es listed thus far should not br<strong>in</strong>g<br />
about new safety concerns. The issues <strong>of</strong> pedestrian safety and (to a lesser extent) automobile safety<br />
have already been explored above, but it is worth not<strong>in</strong>g a few o<strong>the</strong>r safety guidel<strong>in</strong>es here.<br />
Light<strong>in</strong>g–Generally speak<strong>in</strong>g, <strong>the</strong> shopp<strong>in</strong>g center is well lit, both under <strong>the</strong> walkways and <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> park<strong>in</strong>g<br />
lot. However, as noted, <strong>the</strong> lights are not always <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> best repair, and sometimes are dead or dim.<br />
Good light<strong>in</strong>g is crucial to public safety and every effort should be made to see that current lights are<br />
always <strong>in</strong> top repair. A spot <strong>of</strong> special concern is <strong>the</strong> walkway to <strong>the</strong> neighbor<strong>in</strong>g park<strong>in</strong>g lot across<br />
Hartwick Road. It is unpleasant dur<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> day and feels very unsafe at night. That area should be kept<br />
particularly well lit.<br />
Telephones–In <strong>the</strong> age <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cellular phone, payphones around <strong>the</strong> country are fall<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>to disuse and<br />
disrepair. However, not everyone has a cellular phone. Especially after <strong>the</strong> shops close for <strong>the</strong> even<strong>in</strong>g,<br />
work<strong>in</strong>g payphones or emergency or “blue light” phones are vital sources <strong>of</strong> help for people without<br />
cellular phones. The shopp<strong>in</strong>g center should cont<strong>in</strong>ue to ma<strong>in</strong>ta<strong>in</strong> its payphones and keep <strong>the</strong>m brightly<br />
lit at night and consider partner<strong>in</strong>g with <strong>the</strong> University to <strong>in</strong>stal emergency or “blue light” phones.<br />
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Implementation/Ma<strong>in</strong>tenance<br />
The next major question is how to make all <strong>of</strong> this happen. Who will pay for it? JBG Rosenfeld Retail<br />
Properties, as <strong>the</strong> private owner <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> property, is responsible for any future changes. Any park<strong>in</strong>g<br />
reconfiguration also is likely to fall under <strong>the</strong>ir purview. In addition to JBG, ano<strong>the</strong>r source <strong>of</strong> fund<strong>in</strong>g and<br />
implementation assistance is <strong>the</strong> comb<strong>in</strong>ed efforts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> Shopp<strong>in</strong>g Center Bus<strong>in</strong>ess<br />
Association. Items like tables, chairs, and expanded sidewalks will directly or <strong>in</strong>directly benefit all <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Shopp<strong>in</strong>g Center’s tenants. A third source <strong>of</strong> fund<strong>in</strong>g is <strong>the</strong> Colege <strong>Park</strong> Commercial Landscap<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Program. The <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong>fers grants to bus<strong>in</strong>ess owners located on commercial corridors for <strong>in</strong>stallation <strong>of</strong><br />
landscap<strong>in</strong>g along <strong>the</strong> road frontage. The <strong>City</strong> pays 75 percent <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cost <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> landscap<strong>in</strong>g<br />
improvements, up to $5,000. The <strong>of</strong>fice <strong>of</strong> Economic Development runs this program, and while it might<br />
not be applicable to al <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Shopp<strong>in</strong>g Center’s potential landscap<strong>in</strong>g needs, it is a resource that should<br />
be exploited. F<strong>in</strong>ally, <strong>the</strong>re is a lot <strong>of</strong> community spirit <strong>in</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> that can be tapped <strong>in</strong>to for free (or<br />
at most <strong>the</strong> cost <strong>of</strong> some bagels and hot c<strong>of</strong>fee). Local artists or art students might be conv<strong>in</strong>ced to<br />
design and pa<strong>in</strong>t a mural at no cost. Community groups, campus organizations, sororities and fraternities<br />
could help plant new trees. If <strong>the</strong>re is <strong>the</strong> will to see <strong>the</strong>se changes through, <strong>the</strong>re are sources to make<br />
<strong>the</strong>m happen.<br />
It is up to <strong>the</strong> <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> to see that pedestrian access is improved around <strong>the</strong> shopp<strong>in</strong>g center.<br />
The call for a stoplight on Route 1 at Hartwick Road goes back at least as far as <strong>the</strong> <strong>City</strong>’s 1995<br />
Comprehensive Plan, and a stop sign up Knox Road would be a boon for public safety. If room <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
budget can be found, <strong>the</strong>re is a need for improvements. Also, if <strong>the</strong> <strong>City</strong> f<strong>in</strong>ds merit <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong>se plans and<br />
JBG Rosenfeld does not, it will be up to <strong>the</strong> <strong>City</strong> to conv<strong>in</strong>ce <strong>the</strong>m o<strong>the</strong>rwise. Perhaps a special tax<br />
<strong>in</strong>centive could be used. The construction <strong>of</strong> a downtown park<strong>in</strong>g garage also might take some pressure<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Shopp<strong>in</strong>g Center’s need for park<strong>in</strong>g spaces, <strong>the</strong>reby alow<strong>in</strong>g it more leeway to change.<br />
Initial costs might be burdensome, but <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>vestment will likely be very beneficial <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> long term. Eas<strong>in</strong>g<br />
access and flow for automobiles and pedestrians, and creat<strong>in</strong>g a space <strong>in</strong> which people are more likely to<br />
l<strong>in</strong>ger should result <strong>in</strong> a larger number <strong>of</strong> customers, stay<strong>in</strong>g longer and buy<strong>in</strong>g more. What is more,<br />
<strong>the</strong>re is <strong>the</strong> potential to create a truly vibrant quasi-public space <strong>in</strong> downtown <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong>, as good for<br />
civic identity as for rout<strong>in</strong>e errands.<br />
25
MARYLAND BOOK EXCHANGE<br />
History and Exist<strong>in</strong>g Conditions<br />
Picture 22: Book Exchange<br />
Bounded by Route 1 on <strong>the</strong> West, <strong>College</strong><br />
Avenue to <strong>the</strong> South, and Yale Road to <strong>the</strong><br />
East, <strong>the</strong> <strong>Maryland</strong> Book Exchange lot<br />
conta<strong>in</strong>s approximately 2,100 square feet <strong>of</strong><br />
open space. North <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> open space is <strong>the</strong><br />
physical structure <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Book Exchange,<br />
built <strong>in</strong> 1959 and serv<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> town <strong>of</strong> <strong>College</strong><br />
park s<strong>in</strong>ce 1936. Directly east <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> build<strong>in</strong>g<br />
is a metered park<strong>in</strong>g lot for downtown<br />
bus<strong>in</strong>ess patrons. The 2,100 square foot lot<br />
is bordered by a sidewalk, which conta<strong>in</strong>s<br />
one tree and no streetlights. The lot is<br />
sparsely landscaped with several trees<br />
throughout <strong>the</strong> space.<br />
Before <strong>the</strong> Book Exchange build<strong>in</strong>g was<br />
constructed, this site was home to several<br />
Source: Team Photo<br />
fraternity houses and an ESSO gas station.<br />
From <strong>the</strong> time <strong>of</strong> construction until 1965, <strong>the</strong><br />
gas station and <strong>the</strong> Book Exchange shared <strong>the</strong> lot. In 1965 <strong>the</strong> Book Exchange acquired <strong>the</strong> entire lot,<br />
remov<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> gas station. In <strong>the</strong> 1970s, <strong>the</strong> houses on <strong>the</strong> lot were torn down, mak<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> Book<br />
Exchange <strong>the</strong> sole entity on <strong>the</strong> site. Ownership <strong>of</strong> this site has rema<strong>in</strong>ed constant s<strong>in</strong>ce <strong>the</strong> 1930’s.<br />
Accord<strong>in</strong>g to <strong>the</strong> current leaseholder on <strong>the</strong> property, <strong>the</strong> owners have s<strong>in</strong>ce moved out <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> area and<br />
have little to do with decisions made concern<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> site. Thus, any decision to make alterations to this<br />
site would be made by <strong>the</strong> leaseholder.<br />
At present, students primarily use <strong>the</strong> site as a cut-through to retail establishments and to Route 1-<br />
presumably on <strong>the</strong>ir way to <strong>the</strong> University. One can easily observe <strong>the</strong> two natural pathways that have<br />
been created by foot traffic through <strong>the</strong> site. Observations revealed a large amount <strong>of</strong> pedestrian activity<br />
throughout <strong>the</strong> day. A majority <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> pedestrians appeared to be students, yet observers did note that<br />
apparent non-students park <strong>the</strong>ir cars along <strong>College</strong> Avenue and <strong>the</strong>n enter <strong>the</strong> retail establishments<br />
nearby. Pedestrians use <strong>the</strong> sidewalks adjacent to and across <strong>the</strong> street from <strong>the</strong> site on <strong>College</strong><br />
Avenue.<br />
Picture 23: Book Exchange Store Front<br />
Picture 24: Book Exchange <strong>Open</strong> <strong>Space</strong><br />
Source: Team Photo<br />
Source: Team Photo<br />
26
Accord<strong>in</strong>g to <strong>in</strong>formation ga<strong>the</strong>red dur<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>terviews, <strong>the</strong> site also serves as a cut-through for <strong>in</strong>dividuals<br />
patroniz<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> bar establishments along Route 1 and <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> downtown area. Unfortunately, landscape<br />
and o<strong>the</strong>r improvements made to this site have been severely damaged <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> past by such <strong>in</strong>dividuals.<br />
Identified Problems<br />
With its close proximity to retail establishments, park<strong>in</strong>g, and <strong>the</strong> University, as well as its ample amount<br />
<strong>of</strong> space, <strong>the</strong> Book Exchange lot <strong>of</strong>fers numerous possibilities as a vibrant function<strong>in</strong>g public space.<br />
Currently, <strong>the</strong> site is passive, encourag<strong>in</strong>g one to pass by or through without notice or care for what is<br />
conta<strong>in</strong>ed with<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> site. The space commands no respect as evidenced by pedestrian foot traffic that<br />
has completely worn down <strong>the</strong> grass <strong>in</strong> many areas. The lack <strong>of</strong> adequate light<strong>in</strong>g, seat<strong>in</strong>g, connectivity<br />
to <strong>the</strong> rest <strong>of</strong> downtown, and appropriate landscap<strong>in</strong>g contribute to a dim<strong>in</strong>ished sense <strong>of</strong> place for <strong>the</strong><br />
residents <strong>of</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong>.<br />
As previously mentioned, a possible constra<strong>in</strong>t is that <strong>the</strong> site is privately owned and operated; <strong>the</strong>refore<br />
any changes to this site must be approved and ultimately implemented by <strong>the</strong> <strong>Maryland</strong> Book Exchange.<br />
Through recent discussions, management has <strong>in</strong>dicated a will<strong>in</strong>gness to look at proposals and consider<br />
recommendations. Additionally, <strong>the</strong> management has agreed, through <strong>in</strong>terview conversations, that<br />
<strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> would benefit greatly from improved public spaces and more opportunities for sitt<strong>in</strong>g and<br />
eat<strong>in</strong>g outdoors.<br />
The site also lacks optimal visibility from Route 1, <strong>the</strong> heavily traveled ma<strong>in</strong> street runn<strong>in</strong>g through<br />
<strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong>. Currently, travelers headed both north and south on Route 1 cannot see <strong>the</strong> site. On <strong>the</strong><br />
o<strong>the</strong>r hand, <strong>the</strong> park is <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> direct l<strong>in</strong>e <strong>of</strong> sight from nearby houses and stores, which provides adequate<br />
visibility.<br />
While <strong>the</strong>se issues currently exist, <strong>the</strong>y are by no means <strong>in</strong>surmountable. If <strong>the</strong> proper political and<br />
economic environment exists, this site can be transformed dramatically <strong>in</strong>to a space that br<strong>in</strong>gs <strong>the</strong><br />
community toge<strong>the</strong>r, encourages social exchange, and gives <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> <strong>the</strong> highly sought after “sense<br />
<strong>of</strong> place”.<br />
Suitability<br />
As mentioned previously, <strong>in</strong> determ<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> best<br />
use for this site, <strong>the</strong> Team conducted a suitability<br />
analysis. The analysis revealed that <strong>the</strong> Book<br />
Exchange lot is most suitable for large community<br />
ga<strong>the</strong>r<strong>in</strong>gs, a sizable volume <strong>of</strong> outdoor seat<strong>in</strong>g,<br />
and a place where enterta<strong>in</strong>ers and various<br />
groups can hold events. Surrounded by a<br />
residential neighborhood to <strong>the</strong> east and<br />
commercial bus<strong>in</strong>esses immediately to <strong>the</strong> south<br />
and southwest across Baltimore Avenue, <strong>the</strong> site<br />
<strong>in</strong> its proposed form could complement and serve<br />
<strong>the</strong>se adjacent land uses. The size <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> site (300<br />
feet x 70 feet) provides ample room for a proposed<br />
enterta<strong>in</strong>ment/plaza space and outdoor seat<strong>in</strong>g.<br />
Picture 25: Performance <strong>Space</strong> Example<br />
The surround<strong>in</strong>g area also <strong>in</strong>cludes retail and<br />
restaurants that are compatible with <strong>the</strong> proposed<br />
site design. Because <strong>the</strong> site is a short walk<strong>in</strong>g Source: Team Photo<br />
distance from retail and restaurants, it will be<br />
accessible by <strong>the</strong> employees and customers who patronize <strong>the</strong> commercial bus<strong>in</strong>esses and desire a<br />
place to sit, relax, or eat outdoors. With such ample space and <strong>the</strong> addition <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> proposed<br />
enterta<strong>in</strong>ment stage, this site has strong potential to be used for large community ga<strong>the</strong>r<strong>in</strong>gs and events<br />
that can draw a diverse crowd <strong>of</strong> all ages.<br />
27
Picture 26: Outdoor Seat<strong>in</strong>g Options<br />
Picture 27: Outdoor Seat<strong>in</strong>g Option<br />
Source: Team Photo<br />
Source: Team Photo<br />
The surround<strong>in</strong>g neighborhood is quite active, consist<strong>in</strong>g primarily <strong>of</strong> University <strong>of</strong> <strong>Maryland</strong> students. A<br />
considerable volume <strong>of</strong> pedestrians comes to <strong>the</strong> general area to shop at <strong>the</strong> commercial bus<strong>in</strong>esses<br />
across <strong>College</strong> and Baltimore Avenues. <strong>Park</strong><strong>in</strong>g is available both <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> metered lot on <strong>the</strong> Book<br />
Exchange property and <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> spaces that l<strong>in</strong>e <strong>College</strong> Avenue.<br />
Recommendations/Guidel<strong>in</strong>es<br />
Design<br />
Based on its analysis and literature review, <strong>the</strong> Team compiled a series <strong>of</strong> design guidel<strong>in</strong>es for <strong>the</strong> Book<br />
Exchange site. To create a vibrant, animated space, we suggest that <strong>the</strong> area conta<strong>in</strong> numerous<br />
opportunities for seat<strong>in</strong>g, a performance space, and landscape improvements.<br />
Plaza Performance <strong>Space</strong>- The Team believes that <strong>the</strong> <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> would benefit from a place<br />
where local musicians and artists are able to showcase <strong>the</strong>ir work to town residents and students. This<br />
performance space could also function as a venue for more formal events, such as concerts or plays. On<br />
<strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r hand, a popular trend curently found <strong>in</strong> most colege towns is “open mic” events, where random<br />
members <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> audience are given a certa<strong>in</strong> amount <strong>of</strong> time to speak poetry, s<strong>in</strong>g, or perform a specific<br />
talent–this space could easily accommodate such an event. The provision <strong>of</strong> a performance space will<br />
transform this area from one that is merely a short cut-through to o<strong>the</strong>r parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> <strong>in</strong>to a prime<br />
dest<strong>in</strong>ation location for all members <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> community.<br />
While <strong>the</strong> Team does not consist <strong>of</strong> landscape architects and cannot give concrete design specifications<br />
for a performance space, <strong>the</strong> Team’s research has provided some general ideas regard<strong>in</strong>g how <strong>the</strong> layout<br />
could be crafted. The plaza or performance space should be located toward <strong>the</strong> south central portion <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> site <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> form <strong>of</strong> a concrete, above ground, semi-circle, serv<strong>in</strong>g as <strong>the</strong> focal po<strong>in</strong>t for <strong>the</strong> public<br />
space. People should be oriented towards <strong>the</strong> west (Route 1) when view<strong>in</strong>g a performance. The<br />
rounded edge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> semi circle could be raised to allow for seat<strong>in</strong>g opportunities. The straight edge that<br />
connects <strong>the</strong> ends <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> semi circle would have small steps lead<strong>in</strong>g down to <strong>the</strong> ground. This area could<br />
serve as both a performance space and an outdoor seat<strong>in</strong>g area.<br />
Outdoor Seat<strong>in</strong>g- Undoubtedly, <strong>the</strong> <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> suffers from a tremendous lack <strong>of</strong> opportunities<br />
for outdoor seat<strong>in</strong>g. The proper panacea for this situation is to <strong>in</strong>clude numerous and varied opportunities<br />
for seat<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Book Exchange lot. Because <strong>the</strong> site is set back from Route 1 and is surrounded by<br />
sidewalks, which act as a buffer along <strong>the</strong> perimeter, pedestrians will be shielded from <strong>the</strong> noise and<br />
pollution created by traffic. Fur<strong>the</strong>r, accord<strong>in</strong>g to <strong>the</strong> literature review, younger age groups are more<br />
will<strong>in</strong>g to sit <strong>in</strong> unconventional locations such as <strong>the</strong> edge <strong>of</strong> a planter, steps, or a low wall. Thus, <strong>the</strong><br />
performance area could easily serve as a second place to sit.<br />
28
Given <strong>the</strong> amount <strong>of</strong> food establishments <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> immediate vic<strong>in</strong>ity, <strong>the</strong> Team proposes several tables with<br />
seat<strong>in</strong>g be <strong>of</strong>fered for those wish<strong>in</strong>g to eat outdoors. These tables should be located towards <strong>the</strong> south<br />
and western side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> site, close to <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>tersection <strong>of</strong> Route 1 and <strong>College</strong> Avenue, because <strong>the</strong><br />
majority <strong>of</strong> eat<strong>in</strong>g establishments <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> immediate vic<strong>in</strong>ity are along those two streets. The tables also<br />
should be clustered toge<strong>the</strong>r to accommodate larger groups and create a dist<strong>in</strong>ct eat<strong>in</strong>g and sitt<strong>in</strong>g area.<br />
Additionally, benches or tables should be placed throughout <strong>the</strong> site to fully benefit from <strong>the</strong> shade<br />
provided by <strong>the</strong> exist<strong>in</strong>g trees–particularly under <strong>the</strong> large tree on <strong>the</strong> sou<strong>the</strong>astern edge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> property<br />
whose shadow extends over a sizable portion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> site. Areas for socializ<strong>in</strong>g (i.e. places to sit) should<br />
also be near a major entrance to <strong>the</strong> space or at <strong>the</strong> busiest <strong>in</strong>tersection on <strong>the</strong> space perimeter, such as<br />
<strong>the</strong> southwestern portion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> site. The literature on this subject <strong>in</strong>dicates that <strong>the</strong> ideal location for<br />
seat<strong>in</strong>g is where vehicular and pedestrian trafic pass by, because it provides <strong>the</strong> best chance for “people<br />
watch<strong>in</strong>g” and be<strong>in</strong>g seen by o<strong>the</strong>rs. The Team is confident that students and residents alike will take<br />
advantage <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se seat<strong>in</strong>g opportunities for eat<strong>in</strong>g, study<strong>in</strong>g, relax<strong>in</strong>g, and socializ<strong>in</strong>g.<br />
Landscape Improvements - Generally speak<strong>in</strong>g, aside from <strong>the</strong> well-ma<strong>in</strong>ta<strong>in</strong>ed landscap<strong>in</strong>g near <strong>the</strong><br />
entrance to <strong>the</strong> Book Exchange, this lot could greatly improve aes<strong>the</strong>tically and functionally through<br />
formal landscap<strong>in</strong>g. Several trees have been planted recently <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> lot; however, <strong>the</strong>y appear to be<br />
placed without any regard for an overall design <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> space. The Team recommends that a landscape<br />
plan for this site <strong>in</strong>clude <strong>the</strong> follow<strong>in</strong>g:<br />
Low-level plant<strong>in</strong>gs, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g shrubs along pathways, to ma<strong>in</strong>ta<strong>in</strong> an adequate site l<strong>in</strong>e<br />
throughout <strong>the</strong> site and to encourage path usage;<br />
Street trees along <strong>College</strong> Avenue between <strong>the</strong> sidewalk and parked cars (<strong>the</strong>re is currently only<br />
one near <strong>the</strong> corner <strong>of</strong> Route 1 and <strong>College</strong> Avenue), to create some connectivity to <strong>the</strong><br />
residential areas fur<strong>the</strong>r east along <strong>College</strong> Avenue and to fur<strong>the</strong>r contribute to a buffer between<br />
pedestrians and traffic.<br />
Walkability<br />
The site is accessible to pedestrians and those ariv<strong>in</strong>g by automobile. The Team’s observations show<br />
that a clear majority <strong>of</strong> those walk<strong>in</strong>g through <strong>the</strong> site arrive by foot. As such, <strong>the</strong> site should<br />
accommodate and enliven <strong>the</strong> pedestrian experience.<br />
Access Po<strong>in</strong>ts- Currently, pedestrians can access <strong>the</strong> site along <strong>the</strong> entire perimeter; this has worn<br />
down much <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> grass on <strong>the</strong> site. We suggest that access po<strong>in</strong>ts be limited to various pathways,<br />
extend<strong>in</strong>g to multiple po<strong>in</strong>ts on <strong>the</strong> perimeter. It is important to provide users with a choice <strong>of</strong> entrances<br />
and exits to enhance safety. Each access po<strong>in</strong>t should be clear to any passerby through <strong>the</strong> landscaped<br />
paths and perhaps even through signage <strong>in</strong>dicat<strong>in</strong>g that pedestrians should use pathways.<br />
Paved Pathways - As mentioned previously, several natural pathways exist where pedestrians have<br />
taken short cuts across <strong>the</strong> site. These pathways run from <strong>the</strong> Book Exchange <strong>Park</strong><strong>in</strong>g lot to various<br />
po<strong>in</strong>ts along <strong>College</strong> Avenue at <strong>the</strong> western end. The Team proposes that <strong>the</strong>se “desire l<strong>in</strong>es” or<br />
pathways be paved over with concrete and surrounded on both sides by low plant<strong>in</strong>gs. The paths would<br />
lead to <strong>the</strong> performance area, to o<strong>the</strong>r seat<strong>in</strong>g opportunities and to access po<strong>in</strong>ts around <strong>the</strong> perimeter <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> site. Paths should be wide enough to accommodate two people comfortably walk<strong>in</strong>g side by side. To<br />
keep pedestrians on <strong>the</strong> paved pathways, landscap<strong>in</strong>g, and benches should follow <strong>the</strong> contours <strong>of</strong> each<br />
path.<br />
Community<br />
As mentioned under <strong>the</strong> design guidel<strong>in</strong>es, this site is well suited for a performance space. It is important<br />
that this space be attractive for all members <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> community by <strong>of</strong>fer<strong>in</strong>g a wide variety <strong>of</strong> activities and<br />
opportunities for <strong>in</strong>formal socializ<strong>in</strong>g. This performance space has <strong>the</strong> potential to provide <strong>the</strong> community<br />
a center for activity and an identifiable community character. Time and aga<strong>in</strong>, <strong>the</strong>se types <strong>of</strong> spaces have<br />
streng<strong>the</strong>ned community cohesion and provided a sense <strong>of</strong> belong<strong>in</strong>g and pride <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> community.<br />
For this space to work effectively, <strong>the</strong>re are several considerations to keep <strong>in</strong> m<strong>in</strong>d. First, encourage<br />
activities that can be shared by all ages- it is important that this site not become known as a ‘colegestudent-only’<br />
area. Second, create a sense <strong>of</strong> ownership by <strong>the</strong> community through citizen <strong>in</strong>volvement <strong>in</strong><br />
29
<strong>the</strong> design phase <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> space. Fur<strong>the</strong>r, citizens or formal groups with<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> community and University<br />
could be responsible for certa<strong>in</strong> plant<strong>in</strong>gs or simply just ensur<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> cleanl<strong>in</strong>ess <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> area. F<strong>in</strong>ally, local<br />
bus<strong>in</strong>esses could be <strong>in</strong>volved through sponsorships <strong>of</strong> performances or through fund<strong>in</strong>g ma<strong>in</strong>tenance<br />
<strong>in</strong>itiatives.<br />
Safety<br />
Light<strong>in</strong>g - One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> most important aspects <strong>of</strong> this proposed site is light<strong>in</strong>g. To ensure <strong>the</strong> safety <strong>of</strong><br />
those walk<strong>in</strong>g through <strong>the</strong> site after dark, proper light<strong>in</strong>g must allow users to be able to see ahead and<br />
around <strong>the</strong>m, and o<strong>the</strong>r users must be clearly visible. Pedestrian light<strong>in</strong>g should be provided at <strong>the</strong> park<br />
perimeter to enhance <strong>the</strong> park's character, encourage use after dark, and to build on <strong>the</strong> exist<strong>in</strong>g street<br />
light<strong>in</strong>g. Overhead light<strong>in</strong>g also should clearly illum<strong>in</strong>ate each pathway. Adequate light<strong>in</strong>g will both<br />
assuage safety concerns and discourage antisocial behaviors.<br />
Informal Surveillance–Because <strong>the</strong> Book Exchange site is <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> l<strong>in</strong>e <strong>of</strong> sight <strong>of</strong> nearby houses, retail<br />
establishments, and motorists on Colege and Yale Avenues, <strong>the</strong>re can always be “eyes on <strong>the</strong> street”<br />
which will help reduce <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> isolated places where crime can take place unseen. <strong>Park</strong> Watch<br />
schemes should be considered to encourage surveillance by local residents and merchants. The site<br />
might fur<strong>the</strong>r benefit from <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>stallation <strong>of</strong> an emergency phone.<br />
Implementation/Ma<strong>in</strong>tenance<br />
As <strong>in</strong>dicated earlier, to create this proposed space, implementation must take place under <strong>the</strong> direction <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> Book Exchange owners and managers. It is to <strong>the</strong>ir advantage both for economic and civic reasons<br />
to <strong>in</strong>vest <strong>in</strong> this space. However, because <strong>the</strong> proposed renovation is likely to benefit many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
bus<strong>in</strong>esses downtown and <strong>the</strong> whole <strong>of</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong>, ei<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong> <strong>City</strong> or <strong>the</strong> Merchants’ Association could<br />
help contribute to a fund that would help pay for <strong>the</strong>se improvements. The <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> would be<br />
responsible for any streetscape improvements along <strong>College</strong> Avenue.<br />
Different community groups, campus departments, churches, or o<strong>the</strong>r local organizations could sponsor<br />
<strong>the</strong> various events held <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> space. Sponsorships could be ano<strong>the</strong>r way to defray <strong>the</strong> cost <strong>of</strong><br />
ma<strong>in</strong>tenance.<br />
The Landscape Architecture Program at <strong>the</strong> University <strong>of</strong> <strong>Maryland</strong> has <strong>in</strong>dicated a will<strong>in</strong>gness and desire<br />
to help create concrete designs based on <strong>the</strong> proposed design. It is too early <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> plann<strong>in</strong>g process to<br />
estimate costs for <strong>the</strong> proposed space. Through <strong>the</strong>ir design specifications for type <strong>of</strong> plant<strong>in</strong>gs, number<br />
<strong>of</strong> benches, lights, and trash receptacles, etc. costs can be more readily determ<strong>in</strong>ed.<br />
Ma<strong>in</strong>tenance will be handled <strong>in</strong> a similar manner to <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r areas around downtown, which are currently<br />
be<strong>in</strong>g managed and ma<strong>in</strong>ta<strong>in</strong>ed. The Team understands that <strong>the</strong> local bus<strong>in</strong>ess community contributes to<br />
a fund that pays <strong>the</strong> department <strong>of</strong> public works for <strong>the</strong> upkeep and ma<strong>in</strong>tenance <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> downtown area.<br />
While more funds may have to be contributed for <strong>the</strong> upkeep <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> proposed space, <strong>the</strong> current<br />
ma<strong>in</strong>tenance mechanism works efficiently and effectively.<br />
A possible source <strong>of</strong> fund<strong>in</strong>g for this space is The Community <strong>Park</strong>s and Playground Program, part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
<strong>Maryland</strong> Smart Growth <strong>in</strong>itiative. The program provides a dedicated fund<strong>in</strong>g source to allow <strong>the</strong> State to<br />
focus on restor<strong>in</strong>g exist<strong>in</strong>g parks and creat<strong>in</strong>g new parks and green space systems <strong>in</strong> <strong>Maryland</strong>’s cities<br />
and towns. The program provides flexible grants to local governments for sites located <strong>in</strong> Priority Fund<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Areas. Adm<strong>in</strong>istered by <strong>the</strong> Department <strong>of</strong> Natural Resources’ (DNR) Capital Grants and Loans<br />
Adm<strong>in</strong>istration, <strong>the</strong> program provides funds for <strong>the</strong> construction <strong>of</strong> pathways to improve pedestrian or<br />
bicycle circulation, construction <strong>of</strong> critical park elements such as light<strong>in</strong>g and fenc<strong>in</strong>g, and potential land<br />
acquisition costs.<br />
The <strong>Maryland</strong> Book Exchange is a prime candidate for receiv<strong>in</strong>g state funds through this program. The<br />
site meets <strong>the</strong> first criterion, established by <strong>the</strong> DNR, <strong>of</strong> be<strong>in</strong>g located <strong>in</strong> an exist<strong>in</strong>g community with<strong>in</strong> a<br />
Priority Fund<strong>in</strong>g Area. The second criterion is that <strong>the</strong> project should be consistent with <strong>the</strong> local Master<br />
Plan or Comprehensive Plan, as previously established. The construction <strong>of</strong> an urban public space <strong>in</strong><br />
downtown Colege <strong>Park</strong> is consistent with <strong>the</strong> city’s goals <strong>of</strong> preserv<strong>in</strong>g and creat<strong>in</strong>g open space. O<strong>the</strong>r<br />
30
criteria <strong>in</strong>clude that <strong>the</strong> design <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> park be consistent with National Playground Safety rules and <strong>the</strong><br />
Americans with Disabilities Act, as well as <strong>the</strong> commitment to ma<strong>in</strong>ta<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> site as open space for 20<br />
years. In <strong>the</strong> selection process, potential projects are reviewed and rated based on several o<strong>the</strong>r criteria<br />
<strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> follow<strong>in</strong>g:<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Accessibility- <strong>the</strong> degree to which <strong>the</strong> project is with<strong>in</strong> walk<strong>in</strong>g or bik<strong>in</strong>g distance from established<br />
communities.<br />
(As established, <strong>the</strong> Book Exchange site is located <strong>in</strong> close proximity to both <strong>the</strong> student<br />
population and permanent residents.)<br />
The Project’s potential to benefit a significantly broader population and geographic area.<br />
(Through <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>clusion <strong>of</strong> a performance space, <strong>the</strong> Book Exchange site will encourage<br />
visitors from outside <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> immediate neighborhood who seek a unique experience.)<br />
The Project’s contribution to ma<strong>in</strong>ta<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> cultural or historical significance <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> community.<br />
The degree to which <strong>the</strong> fund<strong>in</strong>g would complement an exist<strong>in</strong>g urban revitalization project.<br />
Consistency with <strong>the</strong> Route 1 Sector Plan’s goal <strong>of</strong> revitaliz<strong>in</strong>g Colege <strong>Park</strong> <strong>in</strong>to a vibrant and<br />
attractive city.<br />
The will<strong>in</strong>gness <strong>of</strong> bus<strong>in</strong>esses, non-pr<strong>of</strong>it organizations, and <strong>the</strong> community to participate <strong>in</strong> and<br />
support <strong>the</strong> project through fund<strong>in</strong>g or leverag<strong>in</strong>g resources.<br />
31
SOUTH GATE PARK<br />
History and Exist<strong>in</strong>g Conditions<br />
Picture 28: South Gate<br />
Located <strong>in</strong> a highly developed metropolitan area, <strong>the</strong><br />
University <strong>of</strong> <strong>Maryland</strong> is a campus pressured by<br />
suburban growth. Physically conf<strong>in</strong>ed to a limited<br />
amount <strong>of</strong> land, <strong>the</strong> University’s open space is under<br />
<strong>in</strong>creas<strong>in</strong>g development pressure. While enrollment<br />
totals have rema<strong>in</strong>ed, and are projected to rema<strong>in</strong>,<br />
fairly constant at 33,500 students, <strong>the</strong> total number <strong>of</strong><br />
students rely<strong>in</strong>g on on-campus hous<strong>in</strong>g is projected to<br />
<strong>in</strong>crease by <strong>the</strong> year 2020, with a projected need for<br />
2,000 additional beds <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> next decade alone 28 ,<br />
creat<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> need for <strong>in</strong>creased residential units and<br />
larger d<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g facilities. Therefore, <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>clusion <strong>of</strong><br />
public open space has become an <strong>in</strong>creas<strong>in</strong>gly<br />
important issue for campus plann<strong>in</strong>g and design.<br />
Source: Team Photo The University <strong>of</strong> <strong>Maryland</strong>’s Facilities Master Plan,<br />
authorized by President Mote <strong>in</strong> 2000, lists as two <strong>of</strong> its<br />
ma<strong>in</strong> guid<strong>in</strong>g pr<strong>in</strong>ciples <strong>the</strong> need for preservation and <strong>the</strong> creation <strong>of</strong> open space. Consistent with <strong>the</strong><br />
goals <strong>of</strong> Smart Growth, <strong>the</strong> University addresses <strong>the</strong> needs for public open space as well as<br />
environmental sensitivity. Among <strong>the</strong> four ma<strong>in</strong> pr<strong>in</strong>ciples identified by <strong>the</strong> Master Plan’s steer<strong>in</strong>g<br />
committee, two specifically address <strong>the</strong> role <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> natural environment:<br />
<br />
<br />
Create a campus that respects <strong>the</strong> natural environment, practices environmental stewardship and<br />
susta<strong>in</strong>ability, and emphasizes harmony between natural and man-made landscapes.<br />
Create a campus dom<strong>in</strong>ated by open spaces and carefully site build<strong>in</strong>gs that <strong>in</strong>vite pedestrian<br />
movement among <strong>the</strong> districts and help foster a sense <strong>of</strong> community.<br />
In <strong>the</strong> creation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> University’s Master Plan, <strong>the</strong> Steer<strong>in</strong>g Commitee established a Team <strong>of</strong> consultants<br />
<strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> most prom<strong>in</strong>ent campus plann<strong>in</strong>g agency <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> country along with environmental and<br />
transportation experts. In establish<strong>in</strong>g tactics for achiev<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> identified goals, <strong>the</strong> consult<strong>in</strong>g Team,<br />
through vision<strong>in</strong>g techniques, established several objectives, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> follow<strong>in</strong>g:<br />
<br />
<br />
Recognize natural environments as assets for education and research that are enhanced and<br />
protected for study and aes<strong>the</strong>tic value.<br />
Create a campus that meets al <strong>the</strong> needs <strong>of</strong> tomorow’s students and faculty and has more<br />
quality open space than we have today.<br />
Consistent with <strong>the</strong> goals and objectives <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> University’s Master Plan, and <strong>the</strong> University’s Facilities<br />
Master Plan, <strong>the</strong> Team has conducted a complete study <strong>of</strong> South Gate <strong>Park</strong> and developed design and<br />
implementation guidel<strong>in</strong>es to provide more viable open space.<br />
Positioned at <strong>the</strong> corner <strong>of</strong> Route 1and Lehigh Road, South Gate <strong>Park</strong> is <strong>the</strong> sou<strong>the</strong>rn-most entrance to<br />
<strong>the</strong> campus. The “sister” to North Gate <strong>Park</strong>, <strong>the</strong> open area at <strong>the</strong> north entrance to campus, South Gate<br />
<strong>Park</strong> provides visitors as well as faculty and students with an <strong>in</strong>itial impression <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> University.<br />
Currently, <strong>the</strong> park is separated from <strong>the</strong> surround<strong>in</strong>g roads by a three-foot high brick wall, consistent with<br />
<strong>the</strong> architectural <strong>the</strong>me <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> University. The park’s amenities <strong>in</strong>clude several large trees, grass, two<br />
sidewalks, a small fence, and a bike rack. Although South Gate <strong>Park</strong> is heavily traveled, field<br />
observations <strong>in</strong>dicated that much <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> traffic consists <strong>of</strong> students us<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> area as a pedestrian l<strong>in</strong>kage<br />
to academic build<strong>in</strong>gs (See Appendix 2) located <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>terior <strong>of</strong> campus. Surround<strong>in</strong>g land uses, <strong>in</strong><br />
addition to <strong>the</strong> roadways and University, <strong>in</strong>clude commercial establishments. Restaurants and small<br />
28 Facilities Master Plan, pg 7 January 2002<br />
32
shops l<strong>in</strong>e Route 1and Lehigh Road. In general, <strong>the</strong> area has failed to become a f<strong>in</strong>al dest<strong>in</strong>ation po<strong>in</strong>t<br />
and serves primarily as a short cut to and from campus.<br />
Identified Problems<br />
Through site visits and analysis, <strong>the</strong> Team found<br />
that <strong>the</strong> design and location <strong>of</strong> South Gate <strong>Park</strong><br />
poses several problems that impede <strong>the</strong> use and<br />
enjoyment <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> area. Two sets <strong>of</strong> issues exist --<br />
<strong>in</strong>ternal and external factors.<br />
Picture 29: Brick Wall Enclos<strong>in</strong>g South Gate<br />
The park’s relationship to external factors poses<br />
several problems. The close proximity to Route 1,<br />
a major thoroughfare, is a contributor to <strong>the</strong> failure<br />
<strong>of</strong> this area as a vibrant and entic<strong>in</strong>g open space.<br />
Noise, pollution, and a large degree <strong>of</strong> activity and<br />
movement detract from an area that should<br />
provide peace and relaxation. The surround<strong>in</strong>g<br />
brick wall and gateway entrance were an attempt<br />
to separate physically <strong>the</strong> park and University from<br />
<strong>the</strong> roadway; however, <strong>the</strong> problems associated<br />
with heavily trafficked streets are still an issue<br />
Source: Team Photo<br />
imped<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> this space as a quiet area suitable for study<strong>in</strong>g between classes or hav<strong>in</strong>g a relax<strong>in</strong>g<br />
lunch. South Gate <strong>Park</strong> also is isolated from neighbor<strong>in</strong>g land uses. A l<strong>in</strong>e <strong>of</strong> large shrubs creates a<br />
visual and physical barrier between <strong>the</strong> park and restaurants and shops that l<strong>in</strong>e Lehigh Road.<br />
Picture 30: South Gate Cha<strong>in</strong> Fence<br />
Internally, <strong>the</strong> park is not designed <strong>in</strong> a manner that<br />
encourages <strong>in</strong>dividuals to visit <strong>the</strong> area for extended<br />
periods <strong>of</strong> time. One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> largest concerns for this<br />
area is <strong>the</strong> lack <strong>of</strong> adequate light<strong>in</strong>g. With <strong>in</strong>creased<br />
tension <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> over recent crimes,<br />
<strong>the</strong> issue <strong>of</strong> safety for residents and students demands<br />
immediate attention <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> plann<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> all public places.<br />
Field observations dur<strong>in</strong>g even<strong>in</strong>g and nighttime hours<br />
showed that South Gate <strong>Park</strong> is not well lit. Large<br />
trees and plant<strong>in</strong>gs block surround<strong>in</strong>g street light<strong>in</strong>g<br />
from <strong>the</strong> most <strong>in</strong>ternal parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> park, leav<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong><br />
area susceptible to crime and vandalism.<br />
Ano<strong>the</strong>r obstacle to <strong>the</strong> full enjoyment and use <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
area is <strong>the</strong> lack <strong>of</strong> a def<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g focal po<strong>in</strong>t. Currently, <strong>the</strong><br />
Source: Team Photo<br />
park is little more than an open green space, with no<br />
clear center or orientation. The converg<strong>in</strong>g pathways<br />
divide <strong>the</strong> space <strong>in</strong>to three separate areas. Ano<strong>the</strong>r barrier is <strong>the</strong> small cha<strong>in</strong> and pal<strong>in</strong>g fence located at<br />
<strong>the</strong> sou<strong>the</strong>rn edge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> park. Constructed to guide pedestrian traffic away from grassy areas, <strong>the</strong> fence<br />
has become dilapidated; several <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cha<strong>in</strong>s connect<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> pal<strong>in</strong>gs have fallen and detract aes<strong>the</strong>tically<br />
from <strong>the</strong> area. The park also lacks seat<strong>in</strong>g. Although walls have been identified as alternatives to formal<br />
seat<strong>in</strong>g, <strong>the</strong> wall at South Gate <strong>Park</strong>, as already discussed, is located too close to <strong>the</strong> noise and pollution<br />
<strong>of</strong> Route 1 to serve as a viable seat<strong>in</strong>g alternative.<br />
Suitability<br />
Given <strong>the</strong> size and location <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> park, potential uses are limited to typical pocket park activities.<br />
Opportunities for sports or physical activity are h<strong>in</strong>dered due to traffic and safety concerns as well as <strong>the</strong><br />
limited size <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> area. The park’s relative seclusion (due to visual obstruction by <strong>the</strong> brick wal and large<br />
trees) from <strong>the</strong> residential portions <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> also h<strong>in</strong>ders its ability to be used for<br />
33
communitywide ga<strong>the</strong>r<strong>in</strong>gs or enterta<strong>in</strong>ment purposes. After analysis, <strong>the</strong> Team concluded that South<br />
Gate <strong>Park</strong> is most suitable for <strong>in</strong>dividual use and enjoyment primarily targeted at members <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
University community. The Team’s vision for South Gate <strong>Park</strong> is for a vibrantand comfortable opportunity<br />
for outdoor eat<strong>in</strong>g, study<strong>in</strong>g, and relaxation provided by <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>clusion <strong>of</strong> unique amenities.<br />
Recommendations/Guidel<strong>in</strong>es<br />
Design<br />
The design guidel<strong>in</strong>es for South Gate <strong>Park</strong> focus on provid<strong>in</strong>g a comfortable atmosphere for outdoor<br />
eat<strong>in</strong>g, study<strong>in</strong>g, and relax<strong>in</strong>g.<br />
Outdoor Seat<strong>in</strong>g - Given <strong>the</strong> close proximity to restaurants and carryout food establishments, <strong>the</strong> Team<br />
proposes that adequate seat<strong>in</strong>g be provided to encourage outdoor eat<strong>in</strong>g. To improve <strong>the</strong> area both<br />
aes<strong>the</strong>tically and functionally, <strong>the</strong> Team proposes that several seat<strong>in</strong>g alternatives be provided. A<br />
comb<strong>in</strong>ation <strong>of</strong> formal seat<strong>in</strong>g arrangements, such as tables and chairs and more <strong>in</strong>formal benches could<br />
accommodate a variety <strong>of</strong> needs. Tables and chairs would adequately provide space for groups to ga<strong>the</strong>r<br />
while benches would provide a space for <strong>in</strong>dividuals to eat a brief lunch between classes. One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
largest trees <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> park provides a perfect opportunity for <strong>the</strong> location <strong>of</strong> more <strong>in</strong>formal seat<strong>in</strong>g.<br />
Position<strong>in</strong>g benches around <strong>the</strong> tree would create a very attractive, well-shaded seat<strong>in</strong>g area.<br />
Patio <strong>Space</strong>- To provide a comfortable eat<strong>in</strong>g<br />
space, <strong>the</strong> Team recommends <strong>the</strong> construction <strong>of</strong> a<br />
paved patio at <strong>the</strong> sou<strong>the</strong>rn edge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> park, along<br />
Lehigh Road. A small patio currently exists <strong>the</strong>re,<br />
but should be significantly expanded. Construction<br />
<strong>of</strong> a brick patio, architecturally consistent with <strong>the</strong><br />
surround<strong>in</strong>g brick wall, would <strong>in</strong>corporate <strong>the</strong><br />
architectural characteristics <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> University’s<br />
build<strong>in</strong>gs and streng<strong>the</strong>n <strong>the</strong> park’s identity as part<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> campus. The patio also would create a focal<br />
po<strong>in</strong>t and establish an orientation to <strong>the</strong> park’s<br />
landscape. Formal seat<strong>in</strong>g should be located on <strong>the</strong><br />
patio, provid<strong>in</strong>g a level surface for comfortable<br />
d<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g.<br />
Picture 31: Potential Patio for South Gate<br />
Source: Team Photo<br />
Landscape Improvements - To improve visual and physical access, <strong>the</strong> Team recommends landscape<br />
improvements. Currently, a large row <strong>of</strong> shrubs along <strong>the</strong> Lehigh side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> park blocks access to South<br />
Gate <strong>Park</strong>, and poses potential safety concerns. These shrubs should be removed and replaced by<br />
smaller plant<strong>in</strong>gs, both to improve safety as well as access. A l<strong>in</strong>e <strong>of</strong> small shrubs should be planted<br />
along <strong>the</strong> length <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Lehigh Road side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> park, leav<strong>in</strong>g a wide open<strong>in</strong>g for access to <strong>the</strong> patio and<br />
<strong>the</strong> rema<strong>in</strong>der <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> park. This would control <strong>the</strong> flow <strong>of</strong> pedestrian traffic <strong>in</strong>to <strong>the</strong> park as well as block<br />
<strong>the</strong> eat<strong>in</strong>g area from <strong>the</strong> noise and traffic <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> park<strong>in</strong>g lot.<br />
O<strong>the</strong>r landscap<strong>in</strong>g considerations <strong>in</strong>clude <strong>the</strong> addition <strong>of</strong> seasonal variety. Dur<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> w<strong>in</strong>ter months<br />
South Gate <strong>Park</strong> appears barren and desolate. Therefore, <strong>in</strong>troduc<strong>in</strong>g a variety <strong>of</strong> plant species that<br />
bloom dur<strong>in</strong>g different seasons would ensure that <strong>the</strong> park is attractive and appeal<strong>in</strong>g throughout <strong>the</strong><br />
year.<br />
Focal Po<strong>in</strong>t - In addition to <strong>the</strong> paved patio, o<strong>the</strong>r focal po<strong>in</strong>ts should be <strong>in</strong>cluded to add character and<br />
cont<strong>in</strong>uity to <strong>the</strong> space. The redesign <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> area should focus on <strong>in</strong>troduc<strong>in</strong>g features that create a<br />
sense <strong>of</strong> space and an immediate identifiable orientation to <strong>the</strong> park. The Team proposes <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>clusion <strong>of</strong><br />
public art to act as a design feature as well as a community-build<strong>in</strong>g asset.<br />
Recreational Opportunities–As mentioned previously, South Gate <strong>Park</strong> is limited by size and location<br />
and is <strong>the</strong>refore unfit for an active recreation area. However, <strong>the</strong> park does provide <strong>the</strong> perfect<br />
opportunity for more sedentary forms <strong>of</strong> recreation. The Team proposes that South Gate <strong>Park</strong> <strong>in</strong>clude<br />
34
several chess tables, provid<strong>in</strong>g university residents <strong>in</strong> neighbor<strong>in</strong>g dormitories with an opportunity for<br />
impromptu social <strong>in</strong>teraction and <strong>the</strong> University Chess Club with an opportunity to hold meet<strong>in</strong>gs and<br />
tournaments <strong>in</strong> a vibrant outdoor sett<strong>in</strong>g.<br />
Walkability<br />
To facilitate <strong>the</strong> movement <strong>of</strong> people throughout <strong>the</strong> space, <strong>the</strong> Team recommends improv<strong>in</strong>g pedestrian<br />
movement and accessibility. Currently, South Gate <strong>Park</strong> has two primary pedestrian entrances, <strong>the</strong> gate<br />
at <strong>the</strong> corner <strong>of</strong> Route 1 and Lehigh Road and <strong>the</strong> campus itself. Entrance from Lehigh Road and access<br />
for restaurant patrons is currently limited by <strong>the</strong> large row <strong>of</strong> shrubbery and park<strong>in</strong>g spaces. The third<br />
entrance to <strong>the</strong> park, discussed above <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> patio design guidel<strong>in</strong>e, would encourage pedestrian traffic<br />
from Lehigh Road. To improve <strong>the</strong> flow <strong>of</strong> pedestrian traffic through <strong>the</strong> area, <strong>the</strong> pal<strong>in</strong>g and cha<strong>in</strong> fence<br />
should be removed, encourag<strong>in</strong>g freedom <strong>of</strong> movement. A third pathway also should be added to <strong>the</strong><br />
park, l<strong>in</strong>k<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> newly constructed patio to <strong>the</strong> exist<strong>in</strong>g path, which runs <strong>in</strong> an east-west direction.<br />
Community<br />
Although South Gate <strong>Park</strong> is located on University property, and frequented primarily by University<br />
members, <strong>the</strong> elements that create a sense <strong>of</strong> community should not be ignored. Additional amenities<br />
should focus on <strong>the</strong> University community and <strong>the</strong> role that <strong>the</strong> University has historically played <strong>in</strong><br />
<strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong>. As mentioned <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> suitability section, <strong>the</strong> area is limited <strong>in</strong> size and is <strong>the</strong>refore<br />
<strong>in</strong>appropriate for large ga<strong>the</strong>r<strong>in</strong>gs <strong>of</strong> people. To address <strong>the</strong> issue <strong>of</strong> community <strong>the</strong> Team recommends<br />
that public art be <strong>in</strong>troduced <strong>in</strong>to <strong>the</strong> area.<br />
<strong>Public</strong> art reflect<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> human climate and culture <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> University and its relationship with <strong>the</strong> <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> should be <strong>in</strong>troduced to give <strong>the</strong> park a unique identity and foster a sense <strong>of</strong> pride and<br />
affiliation. The Team proposes that <strong>the</strong> public art should take <strong>the</strong> form <strong>of</strong> a sculpture reflect<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong><br />
campus history. Many opportunities exist to capture <strong>the</strong> impact that <strong>the</strong> University has had on <strong>the</strong> state <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>Maryland</strong> as well as <strong>the</strong> nation. Sculpture recommendations <strong>in</strong>clude symbolic representations <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
<strong>in</strong>spiration and contributions <strong>of</strong> famous University alumni, from Jim Henson, beloved Muppets creator, to<br />
Robert F. Chandler, Jr., one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> found<strong>in</strong>g fa<strong>the</strong>rs <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Green Revolution. The <strong>in</strong>clusion <strong>of</strong> a sculpture<br />
also <strong>in</strong>troduces a focal po<strong>in</strong>t and creates a sense <strong>of</strong> place.<br />
Safety<br />
Essential for <strong>the</strong> maximization <strong>of</strong> this park’s use and <strong>the</strong> comfort<br />
and enjoyment <strong>of</strong> visitors is <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>troduction <strong>of</strong> design guidel<strong>in</strong>es<br />
to address <strong>the</strong> safety and security <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> area. Through field<br />
observations, Team members found that South Gate <strong>Park</strong> is <strong>the</strong><br />
poorest lit <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> study areas. Ambient light provided by street<br />
light<strong>in</strong>g along Route 1 and along Lehigh Road provides<br />
<strong>in</strong>sufficient illum<strong>in</strong>ation, leav<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> areas fur<strong>the</strong>st from <strong>the</strong><br />
roadways susceptible to undesired activities. To <strong>in</strong>crease <strong>the</strong><br />
safety <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> area, <strong>the</strong> Team proposes that more overhead<br />
light<strong>in</strong>g be added. The major pathways as well as <strong>the</strong> periphery<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> area should be targeted as dest<strong>in</strong>ations for new light<strong>in</strong>g<br />
elements.<br />
Picture 32: PERT Phone<br />
Safety should fur<strong>the</strong>r be <strong>in</strong>creased by <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>clusion <strong>of</strong> Blue Light<br />
PERT Phones. Found throughout campus, PERT phones<br />
provide a direct l<strong>in</strong>k to <strong>the</strong> University Police at all times <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
day. Easily recognized by <strong>the</strong>ir blue lights and Emergency<br />
mark<strong>in</strong>gs, <strong>the</strong>se phones will provide an <strong>in</strong>creased sense <strong>of</strong><br />
safety and a means <strong>of</strong> communication <strong>in</strong> an emergency situation.<br />
Implementation/Ma<strong>in</strong>tenance<br />
Source: Team Photo<br />
To implement <strong>the</strong> above design plan for South Gate <strong>Park</strong>, <strong>the</strong> University’s authorization and cooperation<br />
is necessary. South Gate <strong>Park</strong> is located entirely on University property; <strong>the</strong>refore, any plans for <strong>the</strong> area<br />
are subject to <strong>the</strong> University’s review and approval.<br />
35
Ma<strong>in</strong>tenance and construction <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> area fall under <strong>the</strong> authority <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Facilities Management<br />
Department, consistent with <strong>the</strong> department’s mission statement, which says, “Facilities Management<br />
plans, designs, constructs, equips, ma<strong>in</strong>ta<strong>in</strong>s and operates build<strong>in</strong>gs, <strong>in</strong>frastructure and grounds, and<br />
provides related services to support <strong>the</strong> University's mission <strong>of</strong> education, research and public service.” 29<br />
South Gate <strong>Park</strong> would be <strong>the</strong> primary responsibility <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> University.<br />
Fund<strong>in</strong>g for <strong>the</strong> park’s revitalization also would be left to <strong>the</strong> discretion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> University. The Facilities<br />
Master Plan identifies potential monetary resources available <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> current plann<strong>in</strong>g period (2001-2005).<br />
Over this period, <strong>the</strong> University has a committed budget <strong>of</strong> $14,970 for landscape improvements, with an<br />
additional $5,000 for <strong>the</strong> follow<strong>in</strong>g plann<strong>in</strong>g period (2006-2010). The total budget <strong>of</strong> $20,000 has been<br />
earmarked for 14 current projects. Through <strong>the</strong> proper distribution <strong>of</strong> resources it is possible to use<br />
current funds for <strong>the</strong> renewal and improvement <strong>of</strong> South Gate <strong>Park</strong>.<br />
29 Facilities Management Website, Our Mission<br />
36
CONCLUSION<br />
Recogniz<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> many benefits <strong>of</strong> urban public space, <strong>the</strong> Team believes that downtown <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong><br />
and <strong>the</strong> University <strong>of</strong> <strong>Maryland</strong> would benefit from <strong>the</strong> development <strong>of</strong> new public spaces as well as<br />
improvements to exist<strong>in</strong>g public space. The Team ma<strong>in</strong>ta<strong>in</strong>s that creat<strong>in</strong>g public spaces–<strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong><br />
Shopp<strong>in</strong>g Center, Book Exchange, and South Gate <strong>Park</strong>–that are mutually beneficial to <strong>the</strong> University<br />
community and adult residents liv<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> is <strong>in</strong>strumental <strong>in</strong> develop<strong>in</strong>g a true college town<br />
atmosphere. Such an atmosphere could be beneficial to students, bus<strong>in</strong>esses, <strong>the</strong> <strong>City</strong>, and <strong>the</strong><br />
University. Each <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> spaces proposed by <strong>the</strong> Team addresses a unique need <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> community,<br />
<strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g outdoor seat<strong>in</strong>g, performance space, and public art. Additionaly, <strong>the</strong> Team’s recommendations<br />
address broader issues <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g safety and design that will <strong>in</strong>fluence not only <strong>the</strong> proposed sites, but<br />
also <strong>the</strong> broader <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> community.<br />
As noted <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> report, <strong>the</strong>re is strong support on <strong>the</strong> part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>City</strong>, downtown Merchants Association,<br />
residents, and <strong>the</strong> University to create public spaces. <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> is fortunate to have committed and<br />
engaged citizens, as well as a University that recognizes <strong>the</strong> need to work with <strong>the</strong> community to create<br />
better relationships and better connection. We believe that <strong>the</strong> <strong>City</strong> and University should capitalize on<br />
<strong>the</strong>se strengths to ensure that <strong>the</strong> creation <strong>of</strong> such spaces comes to fruition.<br />
We acknowledge <strong>the</strong> complexities <strong>of</strong> provid<strong>in</strong>g public space <strong>in</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong>, which <strong>in</strong>clude park<strong>in</strong>g and<br />
ma<strong>in</strong>tenance. However, it is our belief that with strong cooperation and partnerships among all<br />
stakeholders, as well as significant fund<strong>in</strong>g, such <strong>in</strong>tricacies could be lessened. We hope that <strong>the</strong><br />
suggestions <strong>of</strong>fered <strong>in</strong> this report for <strong>the</strong> three sites, will serve as a framework for future action.<br />
37
BIBLIOGRAPHY<br />
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University Press.<br />
Bolitzer, B. and N.R. Netusil. (2000). “The Impact <strong>of</strong> <strong>Open</strong> <strong>Space</strong>s on Property Values <strong>in</strong> Portland, Oregon.”<br />
Journal <strong>of</strong> Environmental Management, 59(3), 185-193.<br />
Can<strong>in</strong>, L.H. (1991). “Psychological Restoration among AIDS Caregivers: Ma<strong>in</strong>ta<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g Self-Care.” Doctoral<br />
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<strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> (1995). <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> Comprehensive Plan. <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong>, MD.<br />
Crompton, John L., Lisa L. Love, and Thomas A. More. (1997). “An Empirical Study <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Role <strong>of</strong><br />
Recreation, <strong>Park</strong>s, and <strong>Open</strong> <strong>Space</strong> <strong>in</strong> Companies’ (Re) Location Decisions.” Journal <strong>of</strong> <strong>Park</strong>s and<br />
Recreation Adm<strong>in</strong>istration.<br />
G<strong>of</strong>fman, Erv<strong>in</strong>g. (1963). Behavior <strong>in</strong> <strong>Public</strong> Places: Notes on <strong>the</strong> Social Organization <strong>of</strong> Ga<strong>the</strong>r<strong>in</strong>gs.<br />
Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.<br />
Hayden, Delores. (1995). The Power <strong>of</strong> Place: Urban Landscapes as <strong>Public</strong> History. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.<br />
IMCL Council. (1990). Documentation on Urban <strong>Space</strong> Design: Selected from Presentations at <strong>the</strong><br />
International Mak<strong>in</strong>g Cities Livable Conferences. Carmel, CA: IMCL Council.<br />
Kuo, Frances E. and Wiliam C. Sulivan (2001). “Environment and Crime <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Inner <strong>City</strong>, Does Vegetation<br />
Reduce Crime?”Journal <strong>of</strong> Environment and Behavior, 33(3), 343-353.<br />
Lennard, Henry, Lennard, Suzanne. (1987). Livable Cities: People and Places: Social and Design Pr<strong>in</strong>ciples<br />
for <strong>the</strong> Future <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>City</strong>. New York: Gondolier Press.<br />
Lutzenhiser, Margot and Noelwah R. Netusil (2001) “The Efect <strong>of</strong> <strong>Open</strong> <strong>Space</strong>s on A Home’s Sale Price.”<br />
Contemporary Economic Policy, 19(3), 291-298.<br />
Marcus, Clare Cooper, Francis, Carolyn. (1990). People Places: Design Guidel<strong>in</strong>es for Urban <strong>Open</strong> <strong>Space</strong>.<br />
New York: Van Nostrand Re<strong>in</strong>hold.<br />
<strong>Maryland</strong> National Capital <strong>Park</strong>s and Plann<strong>in</strong>g Commission. (1989). Langley <strong>Park</strong> – <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> –<br />
Greenbelt Approved Master Plan. Upper Marlboro, MD.<br />
<strong>Maryland</strong> National Capital <strong>Park</strong>s and Plann<strong>in</strong>g Commission. (2001). Prelim<strong>in</strong>ary <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> US 1 Corridor<br />
Sector Plan. Upper Marlboro, MD.<br />
Mulvihill, David. (1997). Flagstar Corporate Plaza and Jerome Richardson <strong>Park</strong>, Spartanburg, South<br />
Carol<strong>in</strong>a. Garv<strong>in</strong> and Berens, 101-107.<br />
Newman, O. (1971). Defensible <strong>Space</strong>: Crime Prevention Through Urban Plann<strong>in</strong>g. New York, N.Y.:<br />
Macmillan Publish<strong>in</strong>g.<br />
Reid, Grant. (1987). Landscape Graphics. London, UK: Architectural Press.<br />
Smith, Tara, M. Nelischer, and N. Perk<strong>in</strong>s. (1997). “Quality <strong>of</strong> an Urban Community: A Framework for<br />
Understand<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> Relationship Between Quality and Physical Form.” Journal <strong>of</strong> Landscape and Urban<br />
Plann<strong>in</strong>g, 39, 229-335.<br />
University <strong>of</strong> <strong>Maryland</strong> (2002). University <strong>of</strong> <strong>Maryland</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong>, Facilities Master Plan. <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong>,<br />
MD.<br />
38
APPENDIX 1: SUMMARIES ON EXISTING PLANS AND PUBLIC SPACE<br />
<strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> Comprehensive Plan <strong>of</strong> 1995 and Update <strong>of</strong> 2001<br />
The <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> began a months-long process <strong>in</strong> 1993 to create an updated comprehensive plan for itself.<br />
<strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficials, planners, bus<strong>in</strong>ess-owners, residents, university <strong>of</strong>ficials, and o<strong>the</strong>rs came toge<strong>the</strong>r to lay out a vision<br />
for <strong>the</strong> future growth and development <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city. There is much to discover <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> f<strong>in</strong>alized plan, released <strong>in</strong> 1995,<br />
relevant to our study <strong>of</strong> public space <strong>in</strong> downtown <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong>.<br />
The plan is divided <strong>in</strong>to several sections <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g one for <strong>the</strong> town center, def<strong>in</strong>ed as <strong>the</strong> commercial core <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city,<br />
stretch<strong>in</strong>g between <strong>the</strong> sou<strong>the</strong>rnmost reaches <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> University and <strong>the</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> Metro station. Accord<strong>in</strong>g to this<br />
section <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> plan, downtown “is where <strong>the</strong> focal po<strong>in</strong>t <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> entire community or town center wants to be” (157).<br />
The plan also notes <strong>the</strong> results <strong>of</strong> a citizen survey <strong>of</strong> 1993, which found that 56% <strong>of</strong> residents supported <strong>the</strong> idea <strong>of</strong><br />
develop<strong>in</strong>g a public town center <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> downtown area. When asked what <strong>the</strong> most important aspects <strong>of</strong> such a town<br />
center would be, <strong>the</strong>se respondents listed 1) a plaza or town green, 2) more benches, landscap<strong>in</strong>g and public art, and<br />
3) more park<strong>in</strong>g. In 1992 a Team from <strong>the</strong> Regional/Urban Design Assistance Team <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> American Institute <strong>of</strong><br />
Architects recommended creat<strong>in</strong>g “a central town meet<strong>in</strong>g space or town center to encourage participation <strong>in</strong> civic<br />
afairs and foster a sense <strong>of</strong> community” (157). Our Team was encouraged by this <strong>in</strong>formation. It meant that <strong>the</strong>re<br />
was a general desire from <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficials and residents for new public spaces downtown, and that any plans we created<br />
would at least be appreciated for <strong>the</strong> effort.<br />
Delv<strong>in</strong>g even fur<strong>the</strong>r back, <strong>the</strong> comprehensive plan discusses <strong>the</strong> results <strong>of</strong> a 1991 city-commissioned report entitled,<br />
“Opportunities for Downtown Development,” writen by Halcyon Ltd. and LDR International. This plan reported on <strong>the</strong><br />
general development capacities <strong>of</strong> certa<strong>in</strong> lots downtown. While orig<strong>in</strong>ally meant for commercial purposes, <strong>the</strong> five<br />
sites noted <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> reports are also useful for us <strong>in</strong>asmuch as <strong>the</strong>y are well-located and heavily trafficked, important<br />
aspects for public as well as commercial spaces. These five sites were <strong>the</strong>refore considered by our studio group as<br />
locations for our public space recommendations.<br />
Dur<strong>in</strong>g charrettes and public hear<strong>in</strong>gs throughout <strong>the</strong> development stages <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> comprehensive plan, local <strong>of</strong>ficials<br />
and <strong>the</strong> public agreed that despite an economic downturn and political <strong>in</strong>action, new public spaces downtown were<br />
still desirable and feasible. Eight goals were established for future urban design along with related strategies and<br />
actions. It is important that our studio group takes <strong>the</strong>se goals <strong>in</strong>to consideration, as <strong>the</strong>y represent <strong>the</strong> community’s<br />
will (or a close approximation from seven years ago). They <strong>in</strong>clude among o<strong>the</strong>rs:<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Form<strong>in</strong>g more positive gateways downtown<br />
Provid<strong>in</strong>g a town green, plaza or square as a reference/focal po<strong>in</strong>t for civic life<br />
Provid<strong>in</strong>g kiosks for bus<strong>in</strong>ess directories/locators<br />
Mak<strong>in</strong>g pedestrian cross<strong>in</strong>gs less dangerous by widen<strong>in</strong>g sidewalks<br />
Construct<strong>in</strong>g a park<strong>in</strong>g garage (also locat<strong>in</strong>g park<strong>in</strong>g beh<strong>in</strong>d or to <strong>the</strong> side <strong>of</strong> build<strong>in</strong>gs)<br />
Pursu<strong>in</strong>g public/private partnerships for development projects<br />
Improv<strong>in</strong>g pedestrian light<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Locat<strong>in</strong>g storefronts along <strong>the</strong> street<br />
Encourag<strong>in</strong>g sidewalk seat<strong>in</strong>g and d<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g<br />
Programm<strong>in</strong>g more special events and activities<br />
Provid<strong>in</strong>g coord<strong>in</strong>ated streetscape amenities <strong>of</strong> similar design<br />
Provid<strong>in</strong>g dense landscape buffers between uses such as park<strong>in</strong>g, commercial and residential<br />
These goals can be achieved through <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>telligent design <strong>of</strong> new public spaces <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> downtown area.<br />
Prelim<strong>in</strong>ary <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> Route 1 Corridor Sector Plan<br />
The <strong>Maryland</strong>-National Capital <strong>Park</strong> and Plann<strong>in</strong>g Commission worked with <strong>the</strong> <strong>City</strong> and <strong>the</strong> University to draft <strong>the</strong><br />
Prelim<strong>in</strong>ary Route 1 Sector Plan. The Route 1 Sector considered <strong>in</strong> this plan <strong>in</strong>cludes approximately 422 acres <strong>of</strong><br />
land and extends along three miles <strong>of</strong> Baltimore Avenue from <strong>the</strong> Capital Beltway to Guildford Road. The purpose <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> sector plan is to achieve a revitalized residential and bus<strong>in</strong>ess community along with improv<strong>in</strong>g pedestrian access<br />
and improved gateway entrance to <strong>the</strong> city. The sector plan is an <strong>in</strong>itiative <strong>in</strong>volv<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> M-NCPPC, <strong>the</strong> <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong>, <strong>the</strong> University <strong>of</strong> <strong>Maryland</strong> and <strong>the</strong> State Highway Adm<strong>in</strong>istration. The Plan has created a<br />
Development District Overlay Zone which <strong>in</strong>cludes Development District Standards for <strong>the</strong> purpose <strong>of</strong> regulat<strong>in</strong>g<br />
39
development as it relates to public areas, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g establish<strong>in</strong>g guidel<strong>in</strong>es for streetscap<strong>in</strong>g, light<strong>in</strong>g, utilities, etc.<br />
The plan has also created a Mixed-Use Infill zone to replace <strong>the</strong> Commercial-Shopp<strong>in</strong>g Center (C-S-C) zone. This<br />
change <strong>in</strong> zon<strong>in</strong>g will allow for more flexibility and mixed uses to <strong>in</strong>clude commercial, residential, <strong>of</strong>fice and open<br />
space.<br />
The goals <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sector Plan are to:<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Create a dist<strong>in</strong>ct and positive identity along <strong>the</strong> entire US 1 Corridor<br />
Provide a variety <strong>of</strong> land uses <strong>in</strong> appropriate locations and arrangements, ra<strong>the</strong>r than high-way strip<br />
commercial development<br />
Provide as appropriate transition from <strong>the</strong> commercial properties front<strong>in</strong>g Route 1 to exist<strong>in</strong>g residential<br />
properties.<br />
Encourage pedestrian movement along Baltimore Avenue<br />
The actions outl<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> plan have been <strong>in</strong>itiated and <strong>in</strong>clude: adoption <strong>of</strong> an urban design plan for downtown<br />
<strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> with guidel<strong>in</strong>es for site plan and design review and re-zon<strong>in</strong>g to Mixed Use Town Center; us<strong>in</strong>g<br />
landmarks as focal po<strong>in</strong>ts, where possible to enhance view; attract<strong>in</strong>g uses and activities such as art or craft galleries,<br />
c<strong>in</strong>emas, farmers markets, cafes, restaurants and boutiques; provide town greens, plazas, or squares as<br />
reference/focal po<strong>in</strong>ts <strong>of</strong> civic life; cluster<strong>in</strong>g student-related activities on <strong>the</strong> west side <strong>of</strong> Route 1 and civic and<br />
community uses on <strong>the</strong> east side; encourag<strong>in</strong>g sidewalk cafes. The Sector Plan also recommends expand<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong><br />
Town Center area beyond downtown to <strong>in</strong>clude <strong>the</strong> “Knox Boxes” on <strong>the</strong> west side <strong>of</strong> Route 1.<br />
Langley <strong>Park</strong> –<strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> –Greenbelt Approved Master Plan <strong>of</strong> 1989<br />
In this project, particular attention has been paid to The Langley <strong>Park</strong>–<strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong>–Greenbelt Approved Master<br />
Plan <strong>of</strong> 1989. This plan supports <strong>the</strong> creation <strong>of</strong> public spaces <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> downtown area. In fact, it supports this concept<br />
<strong>in</strong> its environmental, historic structure, liv<strong>in</strong>g areas, commercial areas and public facilities sections. This alone<br />
<strong>in</strong>dicates <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>terconnectedness that open spaces can provide. The Plan <strong>of</strong>fers guidel<strong>in</strong>es for meet<strong>in</strong>g its goals.<br />
Relevant goals, objective and guidel<strong>in</strong>es are discussed fur<strong>the</strong>r below.<br />
One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> overall goals <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> plan is to protect and enhance <strong>the</strong> environmental quality <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> plann<strong>in</strong>g areas. Some<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> objectives mentioned to reach this goal <strong>in</strong>clude:<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
To encourage <strong>the</strong> preservation <strong>of</strong> scenic assets and <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>corporation <strong>of</strong> aes<strong>the</strong>tic features <strong>in</strong>to<br />
development, <strong>in</strong> order to enhance community appearance.<br />
To ensure <strong>the</strong> provision <strong>of</strong> adequate open space with<strong>in</strong> each community.<br />
To create a system <strong>of</strong> greenways and trails to l<strong>in</strong>k liv<strong>in</strong>g areas, schools, shopp<strong>in</strong>g and o<strong>the</strong>r focal po<strong>in</strong>ts as<br />
part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> open space network.<br />
Before provid<strong>in</strong>g connections we must create <strong>the</strong>se focal po<strong>in</strong>ts. The Plancals for “<strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>clusion <strong>of</strong> parks for active<br />
recreation, green space for its visual and bufer<strong>in</strong>g value, and trails for recreation and transportation.” <strong>Park</strong>s are but<br />
one part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> open space network proposed. The implementation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Plan calls for public park acquisition or<br />
dedication – “acquisition by purchase or gift or acquired through <strong>the</strong> mandatory dedication provisions <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
subdivision regulations for active and passive recreation.” It also cals for <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> private open space – “land which<br />
rema<strong>in</strong>s <strong>in</strong> private ownership but which is used for golf courses, swimm<strong>in</strong>g clubs, or passive recreation, or o<strong>the</strong>rwise<br />
rema<strong>in</strong>s undeveloped.” These implementation strategies are key to our project. Ful cooperation from <strong>the</strong> private<br />
sector will be necessary to develop smal parks <strong>in</strong> downtown Colege <strong>Park</strong>. “Much <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> open space network need<br />
not be transfered to public ownership but can be provided as part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> site design <strong>of</strong> private development.” We<br />
realize that <strong>the</strong> downtown area is highly built out, but we believe that this statement highlights <strong>the</strong> private sector’s<br />
responsibility to be an <strong>in</strong>tegral part <strong>of</strong> open space development <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> downtown area. One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> guidel<strong>in</strong>es set forth<br />
<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Plan states that “<strong>the</strong> responsibility for environmentaly sound development practices should apply equally to<br />
private and public <strong>in</strong>terests; decisions concern<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> selection and use <strong>of</strong> properties should be based on<br />
environmental considerations.<br />
One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Plan’s goals with regard to local historic features is “to recognize designated resources, sites and districts<br />
as valuable physical components <strong>of</strong> our heritage.” This goal was orig<strong>in</strong>aly developed as part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Pr<strong>in</strong>ce George’s<br />
County Historic Sites and Districts Plan <strong>of</strong> 1981. Designated sites <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> immediate study area are <strong>the</strong> Rossborough<br />
Inn (National Register) and <strong>the</strong> Colege <strong>Park</strong> Woman’s Club. These historic structures and o<strong>the</strong>rs <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> downtown<br />
<strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> area can contribute to <strong>the</strong> sense <strong>of</strong> community that we attempt to create <strong>in</strong> develop<strong>in</strong>g small urban<br />
spaces.<br />
40
The downtown area is adjacent to liv<strong>in</strong>g areas as noted <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Master Plan. Several guidel<strong>in</strong>es listed for liv<strong>in</strong>g areas<br />
are directly relevant to our project and show <strong>the</strong> <strong>City</strong>’s commitment to provid<strong>in</strong>g its citizens with a good quality <strong>of</strong> life.<br />
These guidel<strong>in</strong>es <strong>in</strong>clude:<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Liv<strong>in</strong>g areas should be developed <strong>in</strong> a system <strong>of</strong> identifiable communities, oriented to adequate, appropriate<br />
community facilities. Recreation areas, school facilities and convenience centers should be designed to<br />
serve as social focal po<strong>in</strong>ts <strong>in</strong> residential areas.<br />
All significant aspects <strong>of</strong> hous<strong>in</strong>g and neighborhood quality should be monitored to identify and counteract<br />
neighborhood decl<strong>in</strong>e with<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Plann<strong>in</strong>g Areas.<br />
Wherever possible, liv<strong>in</strong>g areas should be l<strong>in</strong>ked to community facilities, transportation facilities, employment<br />
areas, and o<strong>the</strong>r liv<strong>in</strong>g areas by a cont<strong>in</strong>uous system <strong>of</strong> pedestrian walkways and bike trails utiliz<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong><br />
open space and conservation network.<br />
Buffer<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> form <strong>of</strong> landscap<strong>in</strong>g, open space, attractive fenc<strong>in</strong>g, and/or o<strong>the</strong>r creative site plann<strong>in</strong>g<br />
techniques should be utilized to protect residential areas from commercial, <strong>in</strong>dustrial, and o<strong>the</strong>r <strong>in</strong>compatible<br />
uses.<br />
Recreation area, school facilities, and activity centers should be designed, or redesigned upon future<br />
expansion or renovation, to serve as social focal po<strong>in</strong>ts <strong>in</strong> residential areas.<br />
Expeditious handl<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> development proposals is encouraged that provide privately sponsored active<br />
recreation facilities <strong>in</strong> addition to public open space.<br />
In addition to liv<strong>in</strong>g areas, commercial areas are a focus <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> plan. The unique mix <strong>of</strong> commercial and residential<br />
areas <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> downtown area begs for special attention by policy makers. Individuals liv<strong>in</strong>g and work<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
downtown, as well as students, will benefit from a more enjoyable environment. Objectives for <strong>the</strong> commercial areas<br />
are to locate commercial activities where vehicular access is adequate and where pedestrian walkways and bikeways<br />
can be <strong>in</strong>tegrated <strong>in</strong>to <strong>the</strong> design and to encourage and provide for <strong>the</strong> upgrad<strong>in</strong>g and ma<strong>in</strong>tenance <strong>of</strong> commercial<br />
corridors. It should be noted that even <strong>in</strong> 1989<br />
“Most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> commercial areas display(ed) an absence <strong>of</strong> site plan review…that has resulted <strong>in</strong><br />
poor sit<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> structures, poor vehicular circulation, <strong>in</strong>adequate park<strong>in</strong>g and a lack <strong>of</strong> pedestrian<br />
walkways. A majority <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> shopp<strong>in</strong>g areas have very little or no landscap<strong>in</strong>g along highways, no<br />
landscap<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> park<strong>in</strong>g areas and no landscap<strong>in</strong>g/buffer<strong>in</strong>g to protect adjacent residential<br />
areas.”<br />
The same can be said for <strong>the</strong> downtown commercial area today. Specific problems that exist today and were noted<br />
at <strong>the</strong> time this Plan was approved <strong>in</strong>clude landscap<strong>in</strong>g and exterior environment; façade and signage; structural<br />
conditions; <strong>in</strong>gress/egress/<strong>in</strong>ternal circulation; park<strong>in</strong>g availability; and screen<strong>in</strong>g and buffer<strong>in</strong>g. Specifically, <strong>the</strong><br />
<strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> shopp<strong>in</strong>g center ranked poor <strong>in</strong> landscap<strong>in</strong>g/exterior improvement and <strong>in</strong>gress/egress/<strong>in</strong>ternal<br />
circulation categories and slightly below average overall. The book exchange site also ranked slightly below average<br />
with a poor rank<strong>in</strong>g for landscap<strong>in</strong>g/exterior environment. The South Gate park site was not part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> evaluation as<br />
it is on University Property and conta<strong>in</strong>s no commercial use on <strong>the</strong> site.<br />
At <strong>the</strong> time <strong>the</strong> Plan was approved <strong>the</strong> <strong>City</strong> <strong>in</strong>tended to<br />
“provide functional and visual improvements to this area through <strong>the</strong> Community Development<br />
Block Grant funds by cont<strong>in</strong>u<strong>in</strong>g to make loans for improv<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> facades, widen<strong>in</strong>g sidewalks on<br />
<strong>the</strong> east side <strong>of</strong> Route 1, provid<strong>in</strong>g brick sidewalks between <strong>College</strong> Avenue and Guildford Road<br />
and widen<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> median to <strong>in</strong>corporate a landscap<strong>in</strong>g plan for Route 1 from Guildford Road to <strong>the</strong><br />
Beltway. The <strong>in</strong>itial improvement is a brick wall on <strong>the</strong> west side <strong>of</strong> Route 1 between Knox Road<br />
and Lehigh Road where <strong>the</strong> sidewalk is considerably higher than <strong>the</strong> road and irregular cross<strong>in</strong>gs<br />
by pedestrians could be hazardous.”<br />
The only obvious accomplishment related to this statement is <strong>the</strong> brick wall adjacent to <strong>the</strong> book exchange site.<br />
Without <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r improvements, this wall gives a sense <strong>of</strong> separation and isolation between <strong>the</strong> University and <strong>the</strong><br />
book exchange and contributes to an overall lack <strong>of</strong> sense <strong>of</strong> community. O<strong>the</strong>r recommendations for <strong>the</strong> downtown<br />
area <strong>in</strong>clude:<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The Chaney and Shell sites should be studied <strong>in</strong> detail to determ<strong>in</strong>e, based on physical and traffic capacity<br />
constra<strong>in</strong>ts, <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> park<strong>in</strong>g spaces that can be provided at each site. An evaluation <strong>of</strong> each site,<br />
based on <strong>the</strong>se factors as well as cost, ability to fund construction, potential utilization and impacts to<br />
adjacent property should be conducted to provide <strong>in</strong>put to site selection, and later, construction details.<br />
Provide a unify<strong>in</strong>g system <strong>of</strong> street trees along all public streets <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> downtown area.<br />
Provide a safer and more attractive sidewalk system to connect <strong>the</strong> different parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> downtown area.<br />
41
Provide a pedestrian plaza as a ga<strong>the</strong>r<strong>in</strong>g place and for special activities to attract shoppers.<br />
Provide visual focal po<strong>in</strong>ts to add <strong>in</strong>terest and to locate a perceived visual center <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> downtown area.<br />
Provide park<strong>in</strong>g lot landscap<strong>in</strong>g to m<strong>in</strong>imize <strong>the</strong> visual effects <strong>of</strong> a large paved space covered with<br />
monotonous rows <strong>of</strong> parked automobiles.<br />
Generate special activities to occur seasonally <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> newly created ga<strong>the</strong>r<strong>in</strong>g spaces to <strong>in</strong>crease pedestrian<br />
use.<br />
Provide ample sitt<strong>in</strong>g areas <strong>in</strong> highly active pedestrian spaces and <strong>in</strong> low activity areas.<br />
The Plan suggests mak<strong>in</strong>g timely and orderly provision for needed public facilities and services that provide<br />
opportunities for enjoyable use <strong>of</strong> al local residents’leisure time <strong>in</strong> both <strong>in</strong>door and outdoor sett<strong>in</strong>gs, at all seasons <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> year. All <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se goals, objectives and guidel<strong>in</strong>es are present <strong>in</strong> sections not directly related to parks and<br />
recreation! Downtown open space and environment was clearly an important issue <strong>in</strong> 1989 and still is today.<br />
Additionally <strong>the</strong> plan recommends that:<br />
<br />
<br />
Innovative site design and/or ample landscap<strong>in</strong>g should be used with<strong>in</strong> and around redeveloped and<br />
expanded commercial areas, to enhance <strong>the</strong> aes<strong>the</strong>tic qualities <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> areas and to break up <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>rwise<br />
monotonous, barren look <strong>of</strong> park<strong>in</strong>g areas.<br />
The bus<strong>in</strong>essmen and property owners should be encouraged to make necessary improvements to <strong>the</strong>ir<br />
properties to ma<strong>in</strong>ta<strong>in</strong> an aes<strong>the</strong>tically pleas<strong>in</strong>g environment.<br />
The Master Plan addresses parks and recreation specifically. The presence <strong>of</strong> a parks and recreation section with<strong>in</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> larger public facilities section <strong>in</strong>dicates <strong>the</strong> importance <strong>of</strong> this subject. Goals listed <strong>in</strong>clude:<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
To provide parks, recreation facilities and programs to respond to <strong>the</strong> needs <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> residents <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> plann<strong>in</strong>g<br />
areas.<br />
To develop facilities that are functional, safe and sensitive to <strong>the</strong> surround<strong>in</strong>g environment.<br />
To protect and conserve public open space and natural resources.<br />
One objective is to encourage jo<strong>in</strong>t efforts between <strong>the</strong> various public agencies <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> County and private groups<br />
which can result <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> provision <strong>of</strong> additional parks and recreation facilities. A partnership will most likely be <strong>the</strong> only<br />
way <strong>the</strong> recommendations we present can be implemented. Related to this is <strong>the</strong> desire to utilize alternative methods<br />
<strong>of</strong> park acquisition and facility development such as donation, mandatory dedication with<strong>in</strong> subdivisions, and <strong>the</strong><br />
conversion <strong>of</strong> surplus government property to parkland.<br />
Guidel<strong>in</strong>es for <strong>the</strong> development <strong>of</strong> parks <strong>in</strong>clude:<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Sites for neighborhood and community parks should be easily accessible for <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>tended users.<br />
Recreational opportunities should be <strong>of</strong>fered <strong>in</strong> each community to reflect <strong>the</strong> recreational preferences and<br />
needs <strong>of</strong> local users.<br />
Development <strong>of</strong> private or commercial recreation areas shall be encouraged to help meet recreational<br />
needs.<br />
Safety, for both persons and property, is a primary consideration; and trails shal be designed to be “good<br />
neighbors” to <strong>the</strong> areas where <strong>the</strong>y are located.<br />
Common <strong>the</strong>mes throughout this plan suggest that <strong>the</strong>re has been a desire and even a need to upgrade <strong>the</strong> quality <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> downtown area and <strong>the</strong> development <strong>of</strong> small urban spaces can significantly contribute to this. Let this review <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> Master Plan <strong>of</strong> 1989 serve as a rem<strong>in</strong>der <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> importance <strong>of</strong> open space and public places previously <strong>in</strong> <strong>College</strong><br />
<strong>Park</strong>.<br />
University <strong>of</strong> <strong>Maryland</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong>, Facilities Master Plan 2002<br />
The Facilities Master Plan outl<strong>in</strong>es four goals for <strong>the</strong> future development at <strong>the</strong> University. These goals <strong>in</strong>clude 1)<br />
plan <strong>the</strong> built and natural environment <strong>in</strong> a way that preserves <strong>the</strong> beauty <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> campus and protects <strong>the</strong><br />
environment; 2) reduce <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> automobiles on campus and elim<strong>in</strong>ate vehicular congestion to <strong>the</strong> extent<br />
possible while promot<strong>in</strong>g unimpeded movement across <strong>the</strong> campus; 3) re<strong>in</strong>force <strong>the</strong> campus’s role as a good<br />
neighbor <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> larger community by <strong>the</strong> careful development <strong>of</strong> sites on <strong>the</strong> campus periphery or <strong>in</strong> outly<strong>in</strong>g areas<br />
that l<strong>in</strong>k (it) to <strong>the</strong> community; and 4) preserve <strong>the</strong> architectural heritage <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> campus and enhance it through open<br />
spaces, ga<strong>the</strong>r<strong>in</strong>g places, vistas <strong>of</strong> green lawn and trees, and group<strong>in</strong>gs <strong>of</strong> build<strong>in</strong>gs that promote a sense <strong>of</strong><br />
community. Each <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se goals is represented <strong>in</strong> our recommendations for <strong>the</strong> creation <strong>of</strong> small public spaces,<br />
particularly one <strong>in</strong> South Gate <strong>Park</strong>.<br />
42
The Plan <strong>in</strong>cludes a statement regard<strong>in</strong>g outly<strong>in</strong>g properties. There is a lack <strong>of</strong> cont<strong>in</strong>uity around <strong>the</strong> edges <strong>of</strong><br />
campus. The plan states that “<strong>the</strong> University wil cont<strong>in</strong>ue to explore <strong>the</strong> potential <strong>of</strong> public-private partnerships to<br />
help catalyze appropriate local economic and physical development and streng<strong>the</strong>n relationships with exist<strong>in</strong>g<br />
bus<strong>in</strong>esses and <strong>in</strong>stitutions.” The Route 1 Coridor is one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> identified for development or redevelopment. South<br />
Gate <strong>Park</strong> is a great opportunity to make this statement a reality. The goals created by <strong>the</strong> University support <strong>the</strong><br />
creation <strong>of</strong> small public spaces along <strong>the</strong> periphery <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> campus. Though connections between residents and<br />
students may not occur immediately, <strong>the</strong> creation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> opportunity for connection is important <strong>in</strong> creat<strong>in</strong>g a college<br />
town atmosphere.<br />
APPENDIX 2: SUMMARY OF SITE OBSERVATIONS<br />
SOUTH GATE<br />
Observation 1: Sunday 2:00:00 PM - 3:00:00 PM<br />
Number <strong>of</strong> people walk<strong>in</strong>g through <strong>the</strong> area <strong>in</strong> pairs or groups: 18<br />
Number <strong>of</strong> people walk<strong>in</strong>g/bik<strong>in</strong>g through <strong>the</strong> area alone: 28<br />
Number <strong>of</strong> people loiter<strong>in</strong>g (average count for each 15 m<strong>in</strong>utes): 0<br />
Observed Cleanl<strong>in</strong>ess:<br />
Very Clean<br />
Very little traffic, but most park<strong>in</strong>g spots on Lehigh Road are taken. People seem to be park<strong>in</strong>g here and walk<strong>in</strong>g<br />
elsewhere. Of 10 bus<strong>in</strong>esses on Lehigh, only 3 were open. Majority <strong>of</strong> passersby were students. Cha<strong>in</strong> "fence" hung<br />
between posts. Seems to discourage walk<strong>in</strong>g between shops and <strong>the</strong> park.<br />
Observation 2: Wednesday 10:30 AM –11:30 AM<br />
Number <strong>of</strong> people walk<strong>in</strong>g through <strong>the</strong> area <strong>in</strong> pairs or groups: 48<br />
Number <strong>of</strong> people walk<strong>in</strong>g/bik<strong>in</strong>g through <strong>the</strong> area alone: 60<br />
Number <strong>of</strong> people loiter<strong>in</strong>g (average count for each 15 m<strong>in</strong>utes): 0<br />
Observed Cleanl<strong>in</strong>ess:<br />
Very Clean<br />
2 Cop cars with <strong>of</strong>ficers were parked right at <strong>the</strong> gate. Many cross Route 1 and use South Gate and campus<br />
entrance. Nice tree. Heavy and steady foot traffic.<br />
Observation 3: Saturday 6:00 PM –7:15 PM<br />
Number <strong>of</strong> people walk<strong>in</strong>g through <strong>the</strong> area <strong>in</strong> pairs or groups: 13<br />
Number <strong>of</strong> people walk<strong>in</strong>g/bik<strong>in</strong>g through <strong>the</strong> area alone: 2<br />
Number <strong>of</strong> people loiter<strong>in</strong>g (average count for each 15 m<strong>in</strong>utes): 0<br />
Observed Cleanl<strong>in</strong>ess:<br />
Very Clean<br />
Most walk<strong>in</strong>g through <strong>the</strong> area all walked across <strong>the</strong> street to eateries on <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> street.<br />
Observation 4: Sunday 8:30 AM –9:30 AM<br />
Number <strong>of</strong> people walk<strong>in</strong>g through <strong>the</strong> area <strong>in</strong> pairs or groups: 4<br />
Number <strong>of</strong> people walk<strong>in</strong>g/bik<strong>in</strong>g through <strong>the</strong> area alone: 3<br />
Number <strong>of</strong> people loiter<strong>in</strong>g (average count for each 15 m<strong>in</strong>utes): 0.5<br />
Observed Cleanl<strong>in</strong>ess:<br />
Noticeable Litter<br />
Observation 5: Friday 11:00 AM –1:00 PM<br />
Number <strong>of</strong> people walk<strong>in</strong>g through <strong>the</strong> area <strong>in</strong> pairs or groups: 6<br />
Number <strong>of</strong> people walk<strong>in</strong>g/bik<strong>in</strong>g through <strong>the</strong> area alone: 18<br />
Number <strong>of</strong> people loiter<strong>in</strong>g (average count for each 15 m<strong>in</strong>utes): 0<br />
Observed Cleanl<strong>in</strong>ess:<br />
Very Clean<br />
1 moped, 1 jogger, 1 bicyclist. Believe that patterns are <strong>in</strong>fluenced by Sniper and Gary Williams book sign<strong>in</strong>g at<br />
Bentley's. We observed several people with food mov<strong>in</strong>g through <strong>the</strong> areas very slowly. It appeared to us that <strong>the</strong>y<br />
def<strong>in</strong>itely had <strong>the</strong> potential to sit and eat <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> park.<br />
Observation 6: Monday 3:30 PM –4:30 PM<br />
Number <strong>of</strong> people walk<strong>in</strong>g through <strong>the</strong> area <strong>in</strong> pairs or groups: 27<br />
Number <strong>of</strong> people walk<strong>in</strong>g/bik<strong>in</strong>g through <strong>the</strong> area alone: 81<br />
Number <strong>of</strong> people loiter<strong>in</strong>g (average count for each 15 m<strong>in</strong>utes): 0.25<br />
Observed Cleanl<strong>in</strong>ess:<br />
Moderate Clean<br />
Someone had used a tree as a bike rack. The light to cross Route 1 at <strong>College</strong>, near <strong>the</strong> South Gate, is very long. I<br />
observed <strong>the</strong>y are with<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> wall, and <strong>the</strong> sidewalk that passes between <strong>the</strong> South Gate.<br />
Average number <strong>of</strong> people walk<strong>in</strong>g through <strong>the</strong> area <strong>in</strong> pairs or groups: 27<br />
Average number <strong>of</strong> people walk<strong>in</strong>g/bik<strong>in</strong>g through <strong>the</strong> area alone: 81<br />
Average number <strong>of</strong> people loiter<strong>in</strong>g (average count for each 15 m<strong>in</strong>utes): 0.25<br />
COLLEGE PARK SHOPPING CENTER<br />
Observation 1: Sunday 3:00:00 PM - 4:00:00 PM<br />
43
Number <strong>of</strong> people loiter<strong>in</strong>g (average count for each 15 m<strong>in</strong>utes): 11<br />
Estimated average time (<strong>in</strong> m<strong>in</strong>utes) spent loiter<strong>in</strong>g: 3.5<br />
Male/Female Ratio <strong>of</strong> loiterers:<br />
3 males to 2 females<br />
1 person alone for every<br />
Are people <strong>in</strong> groups or alone?<br />
2.5 people <strong>in</strong> a group<br />
Smok<strong>in</strong>g, us<strong>in</strong>g cell phone,<br />
Observed Loiter<strong>in</strong>g:<br />
wait<strong>in</strong>g for people, talk<strong>in</strong>g,<br />
eat<strong>in</strong>g,<br />
Observed Cleanl<strong>in</strong>ess:<br />
Litter<br />
<strong>Park</strong><strong>in</strong>g lot was always quite full. Great deal <strong>of</strong> people walk<strong>in</strong>g. S<strong>in</strong>ce few o<strong>the</strong>rs were long-term loiter<strong>in</strong>g, I felt I stuck<br />
out. Mix <strong>of</strong> students, families, o<strong>the</strong>rs. Large proportion Hispanic. Majority <strong>of</strong> passersby were students. Lack <strong>of</strong> public<br />
restrooms an issue for any loiterers<br />
Observation 2: Wednesday 10:30 AM –11:30 AM<br />
Number <strong>of</strong> people loiter<strong>in</strong>g (average count for each 15 m<strong>in</strong>utes):<br />
Estimated average time (<strong>in</strong> m<strong>in</strong>utes) spent loiter<strong>in</strong>g:<br />
Male/Female Ratio <strong>of</strong> loiterers:<br />
3 males 2 females<br />
Are people <strong>in</strong> groups or alone?<br />
All were alone<br />
Smok<strong>in</strong>g, us<strong>in</strong>g pay phone,<br />
Observed Loiter<strong>in</strong>g:<br />
us<strong>in</strong>g cell phone<br />
Observed Cleanl<strong>in</strong>ess:<br />
A lot <strong>of</strong> lunch activity- many go<strong>in</strong>g to <strong>the</strong> restaurants and Wawa and <strong>the</strong>n leav<strong>in</strong>g promptly. Many non-students (i.e.<br />
people over 30) High volume traffic <strong>in</strong> park<strong>in</strong>g lot also high pedestrian volume-people walk<strong>in</strong>g from o<strong>the</strong>r areas to this<br />
shopp<strong>in</strong>g center<br />
Observation 3: Friday 7:30 PM –9:00 PM<br />
Number <strong>of</strong> people loiter<strong>in</strong>g (average count for each 15 m<strong>in</strong>utes): 15<br />
Estimated average time (<strong>in</strong> m<strong>in</strong>utes) spent loiter<strong>in</strong>g:<br />
Male/Female Ratio <strong>of</strong> loiterers:<br />
Groups (groups <strong>of</strong> 2-6<br />
Are people <strong>in</strong> groups or alone?<br />
people)<br />
Observed Loiter<strong>in</strong>g:<br />
Stand<strong>in</strong>g around talk<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Observed Cleanl<strong>in</strong>ess:<br />
Clean<br />
There were many people who both walked and drove <strong>the</strong> shopp<strong>in</strong>g center. The park<strong>in</strong>g lot was also filled. WAWA,<br />
CVS, Chipotle, and <strong>the</strong> Noodle Company received <strong>the</strong> most visits.<br />
Observation 4: Sunday 9:45 AM –10:45 AM<br />
Number <strong>of</strong> people loiter<strong>in</strong>g (average count for each 15 m<strong>in</strong>utes): 4<br />
Estimated average time (<strong>in</strong> m<strong>in</strong>utes) spent loiter<strong>in</strong>g:<br />
Male/Female Ratio <strong>of</strong> loiterers:<br />
2 males to 1 female<br />
Most were alone. As time<br />
Are people <strong>in</strong> groups or alone?<br />
grew on more people were<br />
<strong>in</strong> pairs.<br />
They ei<strong>the</strong>r seemed to be<br />
Observed Loiter<strong>in</strong>g:<br />
wait<strong>in</strong>g for someone or just<br />
sitt<strong>in</strong>g on <strong>the</strong> curb.<br />
Observed Cleanl<strong>in</strong>ess:<br />
Not <strong>the</strong> most sanitary<br />
Every time I have visited (especially later <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> day and at night) <strong>the</strong>re seems to be a great need for outdoor seat<strong>in</strong>g.<br />
Many visitors to this area seem to be sitt<strong>in</strong>g on <strong>the</strong> curb.<br />
Observation 5: Monday 1:30 PM –3:00 PM<br />
Number <strong>of</strong> people loiter<strong>in</strong>g (average count for each 15 m<strong>in</strong>utes): 21<br />
Estimated average time (<strong>in</strong> m<strong>in</strong>utes) spent loiter<strong>in</strong>g:<br />
Corners/pavement with<br />
benches or chairs/tables<br />
Male/Female Ratio <strong>of</strong> loiterers: 2/3<br />
Are people <strong>in</strong> groups or alone?<br />
People mostly alone<br />
Observed Loiter<strong>in</strong>g:<br />
Eat<strong>in</strong>g and chatt<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Observed Cleanl<strong>in</strong>ess:<br />
44
Dur<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> observation, <strong>the</strong> park<strong>in</strong>g lot was full <strong>of</strong> cars from 1.30 - 2.30, <strong>the</strong>n <strong>the</strong> number kept decreas<strong>in</strong>g until I left at<br />
3.00 PM. The people came and went after <strong>the</strong>y got what <strong>the</strong>y needed (did some shopp<strong>in</strong>g, had lunch). There were<br />
some benches (provided by <strong>the</strong> owner <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> complex?) and tables/chairs put on three corners (provided by <strong>the</strong><br />
restaurant owners?). I noticed only those who bought food from <strong>the</strong> restaurants sat on <strong>the</strong> chairs and passers by tend<br />
to sit on <strong>the</strong> benches. This place is lack <strong>of</strong> trees, benches or o<strong>the</strong>r park elements and unfriendly. If we want to hang<br />
around <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong>re we must be ready to tolerate <strong>the</strong> CO produced by <strong>the</strong> cars. The number <strong>of</strong> cars exceeds <strong>the</strong> number<br />
<strong>of</strong> people.<br />
Observation 6: Friday 12:30 PM –2:00 PM<br />
Number <strong>of</strong> people loiter<strong>in</strong>g (average count for each 15 m<strong>in</strong>utes): 40<br />
Estimated average time (<strong>in</strong> m<strong>in</strong>utes) spent loiter<strong>in</strong>g:<br />
Male/Female Ratio <strong>of</strong> loiterers:<br />
Are people <strong>in</strong> groups or alone?<br />
Observed Loiter<strong>in</strong>g:<br />
45<br />
Groups<br />
Smok<strong>in</strong>g, wait<strong>in</strong>g to meet<br />
someone<br />
Observed Cleanl<strong>in</strong>ess:<br />
Very busy lunch time area!<br />
Observation 7: Friday 1:30 PM –2:30 PM<br />
Number <strong>of</strong> people loiter<strong>in</strong>g (average count for each 15 m<strong>in</strong>utes): 32<br />
Estimated average time (<strong>in</strong> m<strong>in</strong>utes) spent loiter<strong>in</strong>g:<br />
Male/Female Ratio <strong>of</strong> loiterers:<br />
Are people <strong>in</strong> groups or alone?<br />
Observed Loiter<strong>in</strong>g:<br />
2 males to 1 female<br />
Mostly <strong>in</strong> groups<br />
Eat<strong>in</strong>g, talk<strong>in</strong>g, us<strong>in</strong>g cell<br />
phone, giv<strong>in</strong>g park<strong>in</strong>g<br />
tickets<br />
Observed Cleanl<strong>in</strong>ess:<br />
Relatively clean<br />
There are 2 pay phones, 1 mailbox, and 12 trashcans <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> shopp<strong>in</strong>g Center. There are very few spots<br />
to sit. The two exist<strong>in</strong>g benches are uncovered. Chipotle and TCBY are <strong>the</strong> only locations with outdoor seat<strong>in</strong>g. Most<br />
visitors appeared to be visit<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> Shopp<strong>in</strong>g Center for a specific purpose. There is a construction trailer parked out<br />
front <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> old Radio Shack.<br />
BOOK EXCHANGE<br />
Observation 1: Sunday 1:00:00 PM - 2:00:00 PM<br />
Number <strong>of</strong> people walk<strong>in</strong>g through <strong>the</strong> area <strong>in</strong> pairs or groups: 81<br />
Number <strong>of</strong> people walk<strong>in</strong>g/bik<strong>in</strong>g through <strong>the</strong> area alone: 39<br />
Number <strong>of</strong> people loiter<strong>in</strong>g (average count for each 15 m<strong>in</strong>utes): 0.25<br />
Observed Cleanl<strong>in</strong>ess:<br />
Mostly clean. Some<br />
scattered litter.<br />
Majority <strong>of</strong> street park<strong>in</strong>g was <strong>in</strong> use. Many people park<strong>in</strong>g at <strong>the</strong> Book Exchange lot and <strong>the</strong>n walk<strong>in</strong>g elsewhere.<br />
Almost cont<strong>in</strong>uous car traffic on <strong>College</strong> Avenue. Majority <strong>of</strong> passersby were students, but many were not. Many<br />
people seated outdoors at The Bagel Place across <strong>the</strong> street.<br />
Observation 2: Friday 10:00 AM –11:15 AM<br />
Number <strong>of</strong> people walk<strong>in</strong>g through <strong>the</strong> area <strong>in</strong> pairs or groups: 17<br />
Number <strong>of</strong> people walk<strong>in</strong>g/bik<strong>in</strong>g through <strong>the</strong> area alone: 65<br />
Number <strong>of</strong> people loiter<strong>in</strong>g (average count for each 15 m<strong>in</strong>utes): 0<br />
Observed Cleanl<strong>in</strong>ess:<br />
People use <strong>the</strong> park<strong>in</strong>g lot to go to retail establishments next to <strong>the</strong> bookstore<br />
Mostly students Steady flow <strong>of</strong> pedestrians throughout observation<br />
Observation 3: Sunday 3:00 PM –4:10 PM<br />
Number <strong>of</strong> people walk<strong>in</strong>g through <strong>the</strong> area <strong>in</strong> pairs or groups: 2<br />
Number <strong>of</strong> people walk<strong>in</strong>g/bik<strong>in</strong>g through <strong>the</strong> area alone: 3<br />
Number <strong>of</strong> people loiter<strong>in</strong>g (average count for each 15 m<strong>in</strong>utes): 0.5<br />
Very Clean<br />
Observed Cleanl<strong>in</strong>ess:<br />
Those observed walk<strong>in</strong>g through <strong>the</strong> area were go<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>to <strong>the</strong> Book Exchange<br />
Observation 4: Sunday 8:30 AM –9:30 AM<br />
Number <strong>of</strong> people walk<strong>in</strong>g through <strong>the</strong> area <strong>in</strong> pairs or groups: 2<br />
Number <strong>of</strong> people walk<strong>in</strong>g/bik<strong>in</strong>g through <strong>the</strong> area alone: 5<br />
Number <strong>of</strong> people loiter<strong>in</strong>g (average count for each 15 m<strong>in</strong>utes): 0<br />
Clean<br />
Observed Cleanl<strong>in</strong>ess:<br />
Pretty Clean<br />
It was pretty early, which I th<strong>in</strong>k played a role to <strong>the</strong> lack <strong>of</strong> loiterers. Those noticed walked past with a mission.<br />
Observation 5: Tuesday 4:45 PM –5:45 PM<br />
Number <strong>of</strong> people walk<strong>in</strong>g through <strong>the</strong> area <strong>in</strong> pairs or groups: 66<br />
Number <strong>of</strong> people walk<strong>in</strong>g/bik<strong>in</strong>g through <strong>the</strong> area alone: 106
Number <strong>of</strong> people loiter<strong>in</strong>g (average count for each 15 m<strong>in</strong>utes): 0<br />
Observed Cleanl<strong>in</strong>ess:<br />
Very Clean<br />
I sat on <strong>the</strong> open area near <strong>the</strong> park<strong>in</strong>g lot. People just passed by and most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m walked on <strong>the</strong> south sidewalk<br />
(across from <strong>the</strong> book exchange). The open space where I sat was pretty nice place with lots <strong>of</strong> big trees, but <strong>the</strong>re<br />
are no benches. The passers by are mostly student who came from <strong>the</strong> university (I saw <strong>the</strong>m cross<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> crossroad<br />
from <strong>the</strong> campus). I did not see any loiterer. They mostly stopped at <strong>the</strong> crossroad, wait for <strong>the</strong> green light. Across <strong>the</strong><br />
street from <strong>the</strong> book exchange <strong>the</strong>re are some stores: English tea house, computer shop, Papa John pizza, grocery<br />
store, Danny's burger and Espresso C<strong>of</strong>fee bar (on <strong>the</strong> corner) I took some picture on <strong>the</strong> observation day<br />
Observation 6: Sunday 12:30 PM –1:30 PM<br />
Number <strong>of</strong> people walk<strong>in</strong>g through <strong>the</strong> area <strong>in</strong> pairs or groups: 36<br />
Number <strong>of</strong> people walk<strong>in</strong>g/bik<strong>in</strong>g through <strong>the</strong> area alone: 20<br />
Number <strong>of</strong> people loiter<strong>in</strong>g (average count for each 15 m<strong>in</strong>utes): 0<br />
Observed Cleanl<strong>in</strong>ess:<br />
Moderate Clean<br />
Some use for park<strong>in</strong>g and walk elsewhere Lots <strong>of</strong> people with food Diverse age groups (elderly, young mo<strong>the</strong>rs, etc.)<br />
Observed doddlers with a dr<strong>in</strong>k look<strong>in</strong>g for a seat<br />
Observation 7: Monday 2:30 PM –3:30 PM<br />
Number <strong>of</strong> people walk<strong>in</strong>g through <strong>the</strong> area <strong>in</strong> pairs or groups: 31<br />
Number <strong>of</strong> people walk<strong>in</strong>g/bik<strong>in</strong>g through <strong>the</strong> area alone: 73<br />
Number <strong>of</strong> people loiter<strong>in</strong>g (average count for each 15 m<strong>in</strong>utes): 0<br />
Observed Cleanl<strong>in</strong>ess:<br />
Moderate Clean<br />
People tend to use <strong>the</strong> book exchange lot as a cut-through, walk<strong>in</strong>g across <strong>the</strong> grass.<br />
People tend to cross <strong>College</strong> Avenue, not <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> cross walk, to get from <strong>the</strong> Book Exchange side <strong>of</strong> <strong>College</strong> to <strong>the</strong><br />
Tea House side <strong>of</strong> <strong>College</strong>. I observed <strong>the</strong> <strong>College</strong> Avenue side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Book Exchange, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> sidewalk<br />
surround<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> Book<br />
Exchange. I did not count <strong>in</strong>dividuals that parked <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> lot and visited only <strong>the</strong> Book Exchange.<br />
Average number <strong>of</strong> people walk<strong>in</strong>g through <strong>the</strong> area <strong>in</strong> pairs or groups: 34<br />
Average number <strong>of</strong> people walk<strong>in</strong>g/bik<strong>in</strong>g through <strong>the</strong> area alone: 44<br />
Average number <strong>of</strong> people loiter<strong>in</strong>g (average count for each 15 m<strong>in</strong>utes): 0.107<br />
APPENDIX 3: COLLEGE PARK LOCAL ASSN. SURVEY RESULTS<br />
1. Approximately, what is <strong>the</strong> population <strong>of</strong> your neighborhood?<br />
1 700<br />
2 1200<br />
3 1700<br />
4 6000<br />
2. Does your association regularly hold community meet<strong>in</strong>gs?<br />
Yes 4 100%<br />
No 0 0%<br />
2a. If so when and where<br />
1 Once every three months <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> Airport<br />
2 7:30pm, approx every 3 months 2 Friends Community School<br />
3 N/A 3 Fealy Hall, Berwyn, <strong>Maryland</strong><br />
4 Second Thurs <strong>of</strong> each month N/A<br />
3. Approximately, how many residents attend?<br />
1 38<br />
2 37<br />
3 15<br />
4 20<br />
4. Does your association sponsor community events?<br />
46
Yes 4 100%<br />
No 0 0%<br />
4a. If so, what are some examples?<br />
1 Community Block Party and Community Yard sale<br />
2 Annual Community Picnic, Christmas Tree Light<strong>in</strong>g, Community Yard Sale <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> spr<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Berwyn Day, Bonfire, Holiday Party, Community Wide Yard Sale, Community Night Out, Defeatii<br />
3<br />
Grafiti Brigade<br />
We had a NCPCA picnic <strong>in</strong> JUN 2002.<br />
4 We also sponsored two workshops on <strong>the</strong><br />
<strong>in</strong>tersection <strong>of</strong> Edgewood and RI at Davis Hall.<br />
5. Where are community events held?<br />
1 With<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> neighborhood<br />
Calvert <strong>Park</strong> for <strong>the</strong> picnic, end <strong>of</strong> Dartmouth Road <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> community square for <strong>the</strong> Christmas Tree<br />
2<br />
Light<strong>in</strong>g, and maps to participat<strong>in</strong>g houses.<br />
Cherry <strong>Park</strong>-Berwyn Neighborhood Playground, Fealy Hall, Social Hall at Holy Redeemer, Berwyn<br />
3<br />
Trolley Plaza and wherever <strong>the</strong> "urban artist" want to vent <strong>the</strong>ir urges.<br />
4 We had <strong>the</strong> picnic <strong>in</strong> Hollywood <strong>Park</strong>.<br />
6. How does your association dissem<strong>in</strong>ate <strong>in</strong>formation about such events?<br />
1 By E-mail and flyers<br />
Through approximately 25 neighborhood representatives and <strong>the</strong> community channel bullet<strong>in</strong> board<br />
2<br />
provided by <strong>the</strong> city<br />
Through <strong>the</strong> publication <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> BERWYN NEWS ten times a year, e-mail, telephone tree and special<br />
3 flyers to all dwell<strong>in</strong>g units and bus<strong>in</strong>esses. Also <strong>the</strong> BERWYN NEWS is distributed by hand to all<br />
dwell<strong>in</strong>g units and bus<strong>in</strong>esses.<br />
We mail membership notices every month and are plann<strong>in</strong>g a full north <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> mail<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
4 near future. We also use flyers, road signs, letters to <strong>the</strong> ed, <strong>the</strong> CP pages <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Gazette and Ch<br />
71.<br />
7. In general, do residents <strong>of</strong> your neighborhood feel that Downtown <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> serves as a focal<br />
po<strong>in</strong>t for <strong>the</strong> <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong>?<br />
Strongly Agree 0<br />
Agree 2<br />
Somewhat Agree 1<br />
Disagree 1<br />
Strongly Disagree 0<br />
8. Of <strong>the</strong> follow<strong>in</strong>g activities, which would be most <strong>in</strong>fluential <strong>in</strong> draw<strong>in</strong>g residents <strong>of</strong> your<br />
neighborhood to <strong>the</strong> Downtown?<br />
Very Influential Somewhat Not at All<br />
Influential<br />
<strong>Public</strong> Art 1 1 2<br />
<strong>Public</strong> Plaza 0 3 1<br />
Outdoor Perform<strong>in</strong>g Arts 0 3 1<br />
Outdoor Community Education 0 3 1<br />
Outdoor Health/Exercise 0 3 1<br />
Outdoor Eat<strong>in</strong>g Areas 1 1 2<br />
47
9. Currently, <strong>in</strong> your neighborhood are <strong>the</strong>re activities, which would benefit from new public spaces<br />
<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Downtown? If so, what types?<br />
1 N/A<br />
2 Can't th<strong>in</strong>k <strong>of</strong> anyth<strong>in</strong>g.<br />
3 N/A<br />
4 None that I know <strong>of</strong>.<br />
10. Ma<strong>in</strong>tenance is an issue <strong>in</strong> any public space, do you th<strong>in</strong>k your association would be <strong>in</strong>terested<br />
<strong>in</strong> assist<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> regular ma<strong>in</strong>tenance and upkeep <strong>of</strong> a small public space?<br />
1 N/A<br />
2 Would like to, but we can't keep north CP presentable.<br />
3 Yes<br />
4 No<br />
11. What would be <strong>the</strong> most effective method <strong>of</strong> ga<strong>the</strong>r<strong>in</strong>g public op<strong>in</strong>ion on downtown public space<br />
from <strong>the</strong> residents <strong>of</strong> your neighborhood?<br />
Phone Interviews 0<br />
Association Meet<strong>in</strong>gs 2<br />
Mail Surveys 1<br />
O<strong>the</strong>r Suggestions 1<br />
12. O<strong>the</strong>r Comments:<br />
1 N/A<br />
If Route 1 had bike lanes, people <strong>in</strong> NCP might be much more <strong>in</strong>cl<strong>in</strong>ed to visit downtown, no<br />
2 traffic/park<strong>in</strong>g problems. However, we would prefer to develop <strong>the</strong>se amenities <strong>in</strong> our area. There is<br />
no valid reason to put all resident amenities downtown. These should go where <strong>the</strong> people are.<br />
An email or phone tree would help generate <strong>in</strong>terest and attendance to come out to <strong>the</strong> community<br />
3<br />
Association meet<strong>in</strong>g on <strong>the</strong>se issues.<br />
Keep up <strong>the</strong> good work. You will soon f<strong>in</strong>d that <strong>the</strong> rest <strong>of</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> (i.e. <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r wards except<br />
Ward 3), looks on <strong>the</strong> University <strong>of</strong> <strong>Maryland</strong> at <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> as somewhat <strong>of</strong> a burden on <strong>the</strong><br />
4<br />
community. I believe efforts that you are expend<strong>in</strong>g will only go to enhance <strong>the</strong> br<strong>in</strong>g<strong>in</strong>g toge<strong>the</strong>r <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> "town and gown" communities. Right now, <strong>the</strong>y are widely apart.<br />
APPENDIX 4: LIST OF PROFESSIONALS INTERVIEWED<br />
Name Title Organization<br />
Association Members<br />
Downtown <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong><br />
Merchants’ Association<br />
Bill Heygster<br />
<strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> Shopp<strong>in</strong>g Center's Property<br />
Manager<br />
JBG Rosenfeld<br />
Bill Mallari Facilities Management University <strong>of</strong> <strong>Maryland</strong><br />
Brenda Alexander Horticulturist <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong><br />
Brenda Testa Director <strong>of</strong> Facilities Plann<strong>in</strong>g University <strong>of</strong> <strong>Maryland</strong><br />
John Hilley Manager <strong>of</strong> Facilities Plann<strong>in</strong>g University <strong>of</strong> <strong>Maryland</strong><br />
48
Roberto De Necochea Executive Director University Partnership, Inc.<br />
Terry Schum Planner <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong><br />
APPENDIX 5: SUITABILITY TABLES<br />
Criteria<br />
Accessibility (pedestrian<br />
access, sidewalk<br />
connections)<br />
Location with respect to <strong>the</strong><br />
community residents<br />
Access to public<br />
transportation<br />
Proximity to retail<br />
Proximity to recreational<br />
uses<br />
Proximity to High Density<br />
Residential<br />
Adjacency issues.<br />
Compatibility <strong>of</strong> proposed<br />
use with surround<strong>in</strong>g use<br />
Size <strong>of</strong> space, flexibility <strong>of</strong><br />
uses<br />
Ability to be used <strong>in</strong><br />
conjunction with adjacent<br />
uses<br />
Accessible to employees<br />
<strong>Park</strong><strong>in</strong>g availability<br />
Potential for use by large<br />
community ga<strong>the</strong>r<strong>in</strong>gs<br />
Ability to address <strong>the</strong> needs<br />
<strong>of</strong> all age groups<br />
Ability to implement <strong>in</strong> short<br />
term<br />
Pedestrian safety<br />
Visibility<br />
Suitable for events<br />
Ability to support a variety <strong>of</strong><br />
programs<br />
South Gate <strong>Park</strong><br />
Somewhat<br />
Most Suitable<br />
Suitable<br />
X<br />
X<br />
X<br />
X<br />
X<br />
X<br />
X<br />
X<br />
X<br />
X<br />
X<br />
X<br />
X<br />
X<br />
Least Suitable<br />
X<br />
X<br />
X<br />
X<br />
Does Not Apply<br />
49
Criteria<br />
Accessibility (pedestrian<br />
access, sidewalk<br />
connections)<br />
Location with respect to <strong>the</strong><br />
community residents<br />
Access to public<br />
transportation<br />
Proximity to retail<br />
Proximity to recreational<br />
uses<br />
Proximity to High Density<br />
Residential<br />
Adjacency issues.<br />
Compatibility <strong>of</strong> proposed<br />
use with surround<strong>in</strong>g use<br />
Size <strong>of</strong> space, flexibility <strong>of</strong><br />
uses<br />
Ability to be used <strong>in</strong><br />
conjunction with adjacent<br />
uses<br />
Accessible to employees<br />
<strong>Park</strong><strong>in</strong>g availability<br />
Potential for use by large<br />
community ga<strong>the</strong>r<strong>in</strong>gs<br />
Ability to address <strong>the</strong> needs<br />
<strong>of</strong> all age groups<br />
Ability to implement <strong>in</strong> short<br />
term<br />
Pedestrian safety<br />
Visibility<br />
Suitable for events<br />
Ability to support a variety <strong>of</strong><br />
programs<br />
WaWa Shopp<strong>in</strong>g Center<br />
Somewhat<br />
Most Suitable<br />
Suitable<br />
X<br />
X<br />
X<br />
X<br />
X<br />
X<br />
X<br />
X<br />
X<br />
X<br />
X<br />
Least Suitable<br />
X<br />
X<br />
X<br />
X<br />
X<br />
X<br />
X<br />
Does Not Apply<br />
Criteria<br />
Accessibility (pedestrian<br />
access, sidewalk<br />
connections)<br />
Location with respect to <strong>the</strong><br />
community residents<br />
Access to public<br />
transportation<br />
Proximity to retail<br />
Proximity to recreational uses<br />
Book Exchange<br />
Somewhat<br />
Most Suitable<br />
Suitable<br />
X<br />
X<br />
X<br />
X<br />
X<br />
Least Suitable<br />
Does Not Apply<br />
50
Proximity to High Density<br />
Residential<br />
Adjacency issues.<br />
Compatibility <strong>of</strong> proposed use<br />
with surround<strong>in</strong>g use<br />
Size <strong>of</strong> space, flexibility <strong>of</strong><br />
uses<br />
Ability to be used <strong>in</strong><br />
conjunction with adjacent<br />
uses<br />
Accessible to employees<br />
<strong>Park</strong><strong>in</strong>g availability<br />
Potential for use by large<br />
community ga<strong>the</strong>r<strong>in</strong>gs<br />
Ability to address <strong>the</strong> needs <strong>of</strong><br />
all age groups<br />
Ability to implement <strong>in</strong> short<br />
term<br />
Pedestrian safety<br />
Visibility<br />
Suitable for events<br />
Ability to support a variety <strong>of</strong><br />
programs<br />
X<br />
X<br />
X<br />
X<br />
X<br />
X<br />
X<br />
X<br />
X<br />
X<br />
X<br />
X<br />
X<br />
APPENDIX 6: ADDITIONAL DESIGN GUIDELINES<br />
Size and Location:<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Seat<strong>in</strong>g:<br />
Design<br />
Create public spaces under 70 feet to make <strong>the</strong> area appear lively and active all <strong>the</strong> time<br />
Locate public space at <strong>the</strong> heart <strong>of</strong> a city or neighborhood<br />
Create an environment that is traffic-free<br />
Keep its size proportionate to <strong>the</strong> size <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> population<br />
Create a clear sense <strong>of</strong> threshold and enclosure<br />
Create an environment that is complex and varied <strong>in</strong> appearance<br />
Design a place for meet<strong>in</strong>g that can be easily describe to people<br />
Create a space that allows passer-bys to look <strong>in</strong> at <strong>the</strong> social activity, but does not force <strong>the</strong> person to<br />
enter to view <strong>the</strong> action<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Provide areas for sitt<strong>in</strong>g close to <strong>the</strong> space perimeter, but screened from <strong>the</strong> noise <strong>of</strong> street activity<br />
Build low walls that def<strong>in</strong>e <strong>the</strong> space and act as casual seat<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Offer a variety <strong>of</strong> seat<strong>in</strong>g for different people<br />
Place benches and seat<strong>in</strong>g at right angles to encourage contact between people or groups <strong>of</strong> people<br />
Isolate tables and chairs<br />
Locate benches <strong>in</strong> planted areas that face pleasant greenery<br />
Create quiet pockets with<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> space for privacy<br />
Provide movable seats for self-structured social environments<br />
Offer picnic tables to allow outdoor lunch eat<strong>in</strong>g or read<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Supply an area for socializ<strong>in</strong>g near a major entrance to <strong>the</strong> space or at <strong>the</strong> busiest <strong>in</strong>tersection on <strong>the</strong><br />
space perimeter.<br />
Locate a hangout that provides seat<strong>in</strong>g for five to seven persons. Seat<strong>in</strong>g that allows various levels <strong>in</strong><br />
51
various postures is best.<br />
Landscap<strong>in</strong>g and Exterior Environment:<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Create a carefully detailed floorscape<br />
Provide trees and planters for aes<strong>the</strong>tic and environmental purposes<br />
Be aware <strong>of</strong> appropriate tree shad<strong>in</strong>g and sun light access<br />
Enhance <strong>the</strong> exist<strong>in</strong>g visual focal po<strong>in</strong>ts such as ma<strong>in</strong> entrances by landscap<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Create an environment to maximize contact with nature<br />
Allow space for trees that do not need drastic prun<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Provide a space that can grow naturally<br />
Install <strong>in</strong>tensive landscap<strong>in</strong>g to buffer residences beh<strong>in</strong>d <strong>the</strong> commercial development<br />
Conduct proper ma<strong>in</strong>tenance procedures to <strong>in</strong>sure that <strong>the</strong> landscap<strong>in</strong>g will be healthy and attractive<br />
Use landscape islands to del<strong>in</strong>eate park<strong>in</strong>g and load<strong>in</strong>g areas and circulation lanes, wherever feasible,<br />
to provide visual relief from large expanses <strong>of</strong> park<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Provide street trees wherever possible<br />
Screen outdoor trash storage areas and waste conta<strong>in</strong>ers<br />
Install benches, trash receptacles, and planters at appropriate locations<br />
Add water features such as pools and founta<strong>in</strong>s<br />
Façade Improvements:<br />
Create compatible build<strong>in</strong>g facades and styles wherever possible by unify<strong>in</strong>g color schemes and build<strong>in</strong>g<br />
materials.<br />
Exercise care <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> remodel<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> build<strong>in</strong>gs to enhance, ra<strong>the</strong>r than weaken, <strong>the</strong> orig<strong>in</strong>al character <strong>of</strong><br />
build<strong>in</strong>g facades.<br />
Renovate <strong>the</strong> facades <strong>of</strong> establishments need<strong>in</strong>g an upgrade and conduct rout<strong>in</strong>e ma<strong>in</strong>tenance <strong>of</strong><br />
facades and signs.<br />
Provide a harmonious style between <strong>the</strong> ro<strong>of</strong>tops and marquee heights if a new build<strong>in</strong>g is to adjo<strong>in</strong> an<br />
exist<strong>in</strong>g build<strong>in</strong>g, or an exist<strong>in</strong>g structure is to be rehabilitated.<br />
Provide handicap access to all build<strong>in</strong>gs<br />
Signage Improvements:<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Upgrade and unify <strong>the</strong> commercial signs to establish a positive image <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> area while identify<strong>in</strong>g each<br />
use effectively.<br />
Integrate signs with <strong>the</strong> architectural design <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> structures.<br />
Reduce signs <strong>in</strong> size where feasible so that <strong>the</strong>se do not overwhelm <strong>the</strong> façade.<br />
Limit <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> signs perta<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g to a s<strong>in</strong>gle bus<strong>in</strong>ess to avoid overcrowd<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> façade.<br />
Ban all temporary w<strong>in</strong>dow signs.<br />
Structural Condition Improvements:<br />
Demolish build<strong>in</strong>gs that are beyond <strong>the</strong> po<strong>in</strong>t <strong>of</strong> rehabilitation.<br />
Encourage bus<strong>in</strong>essmen and property owners to make necessary improvements to <strong>the</strong>ir build<strong>in</strong>gs to<br />
ma<strong>in</strong>ta<strong>in</strong> a safe and pleas<strong>in</strong>g environment.<br />
Attract new bus<strong>in</strong>esses to occupy vacant build<strong>in</strong>gs <strong>in</strong> order to reverse any deteriorat<strong>in</strong>g trend.<br />
Walkability<br />
Pedestrian Walk<strong>in</strong>g Safety:<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Ensure <strong>the</strong>re are sidewalks, paths, or shoulders<br />
Create sidewalks that are cont<strong>in</strong>uous, not broken or cracked<br />
Sidewalk should be open, not blocked with poles, signs, or dumpsters<br />
Elim<strong>in</strong>ate <strong>the</strong> amount <strong>of</strong> traffic<br />
Pedestrian Ability to Cross Streets:<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The road is not too wide<br />
Traffic signals do not force pedestrians to wait too long or fail to provide pedestrians with enough time to<br />
cross<br />
Crosswalks are striped or have traffic signals<br />
52
<strong>Park</strong>ed cars do not block pedestrian’s view <strong>of</strong> trafic<br />
Trees orplants do not block pedestrian’s view <strong>of</strong> trafic<br />
Curbs and ramps are ma<strong>in</strong>ta<strong>in</strong>ed<br />
Mak<strong>in</strong>g Walk<strong>in</strong>g a Pleasant Experience:<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
There is landscap<strong>in</strong>g, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g grass, flowers, or trees<br />
There are no scary dogs<br />
There is no suspicious activity<br />
Walk<strong>in</strong>g areas are well lit<br />
Walk<strong>in</strong>g areas are free <strong>of</strong> dirt, litter, and trash<br />
Circulation:<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Elim<strong>in</strong>ate any on-street load<strong>in</strong>g along <strong>the</strong> ma<strong>in</strong> street; designate <strong>the</strong> load<strong>in</strong>g areas to provide better<br />
service.<br />
Generate special activities to occur seasonally <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> ga<strong>the</strong>r<strong>in</strong>g spaces to <strong>in</strong>crease pedestrian use.<br />
Provide a safer and more attractive sidewalk system.<br />
Separate pedestrian and vehicular circulation facilities, enforce <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> crosswalks or provide<br />
pedestrian overpasses.<br />
Include analyses <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> potential impacts on <strong>the</strong> local transportation system for all proposals for renewal<br />
or expansion.<br />
Comb<strong>in</strong>e exist<strong>in</strong>g access po<strong>in</strong>ts wherever possible to limit conflicts with <strong>the</strong> free flow <strong>of</strong> traffic on <strong>the</strong><br />
ma<strong>in</strong> road; additional access po<strong>in</strong>ts to <strong>the</strong> ma<strong>in</strong> road should be restricted to those which are strictly<br />
required; additional access from <strong>the</strong> commercial properties to <strong>the</strong> residential streets should be<br />
prohibited.<br />
<strong>Park</strong><strong>in</strong>g Facilities:<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Provide adequate light<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> park<strong>in</strong>g areas<br />
Create legible park<strong>in</strong>g lot signs<br />
Provide adequate park<strong>in</strong>g for both short-term and all-day parkers<br />
Maximize landscap<strong>in</strong>g to m<strong>in</strong>imize a monotonous view <strong>of</strong> park<strong>in</strong>g areas from <strong>the</strong> ma<strong>in</strong> road<br />
Modify some exist<strong>in</strong>g park<strong>in</strong>g spaces <strong>in</strong>to compact car spaces, <strong>the</strong>reby creat<strong>in</strong>g some plant<strong>in</strong>g and<br />
visual attractions<br />
Ma<strong>in</strong>ta<strong>in</strong> park<strong>in</strong>g areas <strong>in</strong> very good condition by resurfac<strong>in</strong>g, coat<strong>in</strong>g and patch<strong>in</strong>g potholes<br />
Mark <strong>the</strong> handicapped park<strong>in</strong>g spaces; provide with access ramps<br />
Provide highly visible pavement mark<strong>in</strong>gs to <strong>in</strong>dicate proper vehicular circulation and pedestrian<br />
movement with<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> park<strong>in</strong>g area<br />
Buffer<strong>in</strong>g Improvement:<br />
Add and/or develop a buffer strip to assure a visual and physical barrier between <strong>the</strong> commercial<br />
structures and <strong>the</strong> residential area.<br />
Preserve any mature trees that exist between <strong>the</strong> commercial development and <strong>the</strong> residential area.<br />
Establish and ma<strong>in</strong>ta<strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>tensive landscap<strong>in</strong>g buffers to m<strong>in</strong>imize any adverse impacts <strong>of</strong> noise, air<br />
pollution, visual blight and <strong>the</strong> glare <strong>of</strong> lights from commercial activities to <strong>the</strong> residential area.<br />
Include methods and materials that will be acceptable for <strong>in</strong>tegration <strong>in</strong>to <strong>the</strong> residential community for all<br />
required screen<strong>in</strong>g adjo<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g residentially zoned properties.<br />
Community<br />
General Guidel<strong>in</strong>es:<br />
Provide amenities that are unique <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong> area through <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>corporation <strong>of</strong> public art,<br />
performances, and outdoor d<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g<br />
Encourage activities that can be shared by all ages<br />
Create a sense <strong>of</strong> ownership <strong>of</strong> areas by <strong>the</strong> community<br />
Actively <strong>in</strong>volve citizens <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> design and construction phase <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> park<br />
Encourage <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>volvement <strong>of</strong> citizens <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> ma<strong>in</strong>tenance and care <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> area<br />
Provide amenities, such as public art, which are symbolically representative <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> history and identity <strong>of</strong><br />
53
<strong>College</strong> <strong>Park</strong><br />
Encourage <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>volvement <strong>of</strong> local bus<strong>in</strong>esses <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> form <strong>of</strong> mutually beneficial partnerships<br />
Safety<br />
<strong>Park</strong> Design:<br />
The layout <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> park should be easily understood from <strong>the</strong> po<strong>in</strong>t <strong>of</strong> view <strong>of</strong> a first-time user.<br />
The entrances and exits should be easy to locate from both <strong>in</strong>side and outside <strong>the</strong> park.<br />
Measures should be taken to lessen <strong>the</strong> impact <strong>of</strong> vacant, derelict or problematic land uses nearby <strong>the</strong><br />
park site.<br />
Pathways should connect with dest<strong>in</strong>ations.<br />
The signage should direct users to key po<strong>in</strong>ts <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>terest.<br />
Focal po<strong>in</strong>ts should be clearly visible.<br />
Obstructed sightl<strong>in</strong>es should not prevent users from mov<strong>in</strong>g comfortably <strong>in</strong>to and around <strong>the</strong> park.<br />
The edges <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> park should be open enough so that passersby can see <strong>in</strong>to <strong>the</strong> park and park users can<br />
see out.<br />
At least one activity or facility should be located at <strong>the</strong> perimeter to create an 'active edge' visible from <strong>the</strong><br />
street.<br />
Nighttime activity nodes should be located to take advantage <strong>of</strong> exist<strong>in</strong>g street light<strong>in</strong>g.<br />
The entrances should be highly visible to promote casual use by passersby.<br />
Solid walls, tool sheds or plant<strong>in</strong>gs that reduce visibility should be avoided along primary Routes.<br />
Vegetation should be planted close to <strong>the</strong> park edges, along walkways or between activity areas that will<br />
block sightl<strong>in</strong>es once mature.<br />
The location and design <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> park should be selected and planned to take advantage <strong>of</strong> surround<strong>in</strong>g land<br />
uses.<br />
Vandalism Guidel<strong>in</strong>es:<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Place benches along pathways to avoid cross-cutt<strong>in</strong>g over flower beds<br />
For benches, consider us<strong>in</strong>g light colored wood coated with varathane, or <strong>the</strong> like. This type <strong>of</strong> surface is<br />
less desirable for carv<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>to <strong>the</strong> material.<br />
Provide heavy-duty trashcans that can withstand abuse. Provide more than <strong>the</strong> normal amount <strong>of</strong><br />
trashcans <strong>in</strong> areas with litter problems.<br />
Protect young trees with guards<br />
Re<strong>in</strong>force lawns at path <strong>in</strong>tersections and along short-cuts with an edg<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> block or cobblestone<br />
Avoid signage with white backgrounds that will attract graffiti<br />
Informal Surveillance:<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The park or areas <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> park should be <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> l<strong>in</strong>e <strong>of</strong> sight <strong>of</strong> nearby houses, apartments, stores or activity<br />
areas to assure visibility.<br />
'<strong>Park</strong> Watch' schemes should be considered to encourage surveillance by local residents and merchants.<br />
Activity areas such as play<strong>in</strong>g fields, tennis courts, playgrounds should be located so that <strong>the</strong>re are clear<br />
sightl<strong>in</strong>es between areas to encourage surveillance.<br />
Washrooms should be highly visible from nearby activity areas.<br />
There should be visible staff presence <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> park who can be easily identified by <strong>the</strong>ir uniform.<br />
<strong>Park</strong> hours should be posted.<br />
Activity areas should be clustered to provide greater <strong>in</strong>formal surveillance with<strong>in</strong> and between areas.<br />
Washrooms should be located beside a major activity area, or park entrance to encourage surveillance.<br />
Users feel a sense <strong>of</strong> security and comfort when <strong>the</strong>y are able to see ahead and around <strong>the</strong>m, and if o<strong>the</strong>rs<br />
are visible to <strong>the</strong>m.<br />
The light<strong>in</strong>g should help to direct movement between dest<strong>in</strong>ations at night.<br />
Access and Circulation:<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The park circulation system should connect and <strong>in</strong>tegrate with <strong>the</strong> circulation patterns <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> surround<strong>in</strong>g<br />
community to encourage maximum use.<br />
Primary access Routes should be clearly identifiable, legible and well ma<strong>in</strong>ta<strong>in</strong>ed.<br />
Access po<strong>in</strong>ts should be clearly identifiable from <strong>the</strong> street and from with<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> park.<br />
Major circulation Routes should follow "desire l<strong>in</strong>es" <strong>of</strong> park users.<br />
54
Pedestrian and vehicular Routes should visually be connected to provide <strong>in</strong>formal surveillance.<br />
Pathways should be designed to concentrate pedestrian movement after dark along properly illum<strong>in</strong>ated<br />
and well-used Routes.<br />
Nighttime activities should be clustered?<br />
Pedestrian Routes to recreational build<strong>in</strong>g entries should be well lit and un-obscured by landform,<br />
vegetation, structure, signage, etc.<br />
If possible, locate areas <strong>of</strong> activity adjacent to channelized routes to provide <strong>in</strong>creased surveillance.<br />
The park should function as a shortcut Route between major dest<strong>in</strong>ation po<strong>in</strong>ts to <strong>in</strong>crease <strong>the</strong> sense <strong>of</strong><br />
activity and <strong>in</strong>formal surveillance.<br />
A 2-3 meter mown edge or low plant<strong>in</strong>g should be ma<strong>in</strong>ta<strong>in</strong>ed on ei<strong>the</strong>r side <strong>of</strong> pedestrian Routes to keep a<br />
feel<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> openness and clear visibility as well as limit potential entrapment areas?<br />
Light<strong>in</strong>g:<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
A hierarchy <strong>of</strong> light<strong>in</strong>g types and <strong>in</strong>tensities should be used to highlight activity areas and primary<br />
pedestrian Routes so that <strong>the</strong>y become areas <strong>of</strong> concentrated use after dark.<br />
Pedestrian light<strong>in</strong>g should be provided at <strong>the</strong> park perimeter to enhance <strong>the</strong> park's character, encourage<br />
use and to build on <strong>the</strong> exist<strong>in</strong>g street light<strong>in</strong>g.<br />
Lights should be positioned to respond to problems <strong>of</strong> surveillance created by vegetation and topography<br />
ra<strong>the</strong>r than on <strong>the</strong> basis <strong>of</strong> arbitrary light pole placement.<br />
Light<strong>in</strong>g needs to be redirected so that it extends beyond <strong>the</strong> edge <strong>of</strong> paths to illum<strong>in</strong>ate potential<br />
concealment areas and hid<strong>in</strong>g places.<br />
The <strong>in</strong>stallation <strong>of</strong> low ground-level lights should be avoided where higher-level light<strong>in</strong>g is not also<br />
provided.<br />
If possible, light tennis courts and/or playgrounds to make <strong>the</strong> park safer by encourag<strong>in</strong>g greater even<strong>in</strong>g<br />
use.<br />
Light<strong>in</strong>g should be positioned to coord<strong>in</strong>ate with <strong>in</strong>formational and directional signage.<br />
Signage and <strong>Park</strong> Information:<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Maps should be located at entry po<strong>in</strong>ts, activity areas and <strong>in</strong>tersections <strong>of</strong> paths.<br />
Signage should be visible from <strong>the</strong> street to encourage use by passersby and familiarize users with <strong>the</strong><br />
park's layout and <strong>in</strong>terior facilities.<br />
There should be a designated place at <strong>the</strong> park entrance for special events signage.<br />
Signage should be designed as a group <strong>of</strong> coord<strong>in</strong>ated elements.<br />
Signage should be highly visible.<br />
Directional signage should be visible from at least twenty meters.<br />
Standard graphic symbols should be used to supplement text descriptions to assist people who are<br />
functionally illiterate or map illiterate.<br />
Signage should be accessible to people <strong>in</strong> wheelchairs?<br />
Signs or brochures should provide <strong>the</strong> follow<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>formation at regional scale parks: "You Are Here"<br />
markers, hours <strong>of</strong> operation, walk<strong>in</strong>g distances between key po<strong>in</strong>ts, location and hours <strong>of</strong> operation <strong>of</strong><br />
washrooms, location <strong>of</strong> telephones, <strong>in</strong>formation on how to access park and police personnel, food<br />
concessions, park<strong>in</strong>g and landmarks.<br />
There should be <strong>in</strong>formation on who to notify to report ma<strong>in</strong>tenance problems, vandalism or safety<br />
concerns.<br />
Directional signage should be used to identify primary pedestrian Routes and <strong>the</strong> dest<strong>in</strong>ation po<strong>in</strong>ts <strong>of</strong><br />
secondary Routes.<br />
Signage and light<strong>in</strong>g should be coord<strong>in</strong>ated so that major signs are lit for nighttime visibility.<br />
Signs should be located so that plant<strong>in</strong>g will not obscure <strong>the</strong>m from view.<br />
F<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>g Help:<br />
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Telephones should be located <strong>in</strong> well-lit areas where <strong>in</strong>formal surveillance is likely to occur.<br />
Telephone booths should be designed to discourage loiter<strong>in</strong>g and possible vandalism.<br />
Telephones should be low enough for use by children or a person <strong>in</strong> a wheelchair.<br />
The telephones should have a code number or area locator feature that <strong>the</strong> caller can relay to emergency<br />
personnel to identify geographic location <strong>the</strong> telephone booth.<br />
The location <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> telephones should be coord<strong>in</strong>ated with <strong>in</strong>formation signs and light<strong>in</strong>g.<br />
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