Strychnos 1990 - 2004 - Crops for the Future

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Author Title Year Source title Reference Abstract Rasoanaivo, P., S. Ratsimamanga-Urverg, R. Milijaona and H. Rafatro In vivo and in vitro chloroquine-potentiating action of Strychnos myrtoides alkaloi 1994 Planta Medica 60(1): 13 - Author Title Year Source title Reference Rasoanaivo, P., S. Ratsimamangaurverg, R. Milijaona, H. Rafatro, A. Rakotoratsi In-vitro and in-vivo chloroquine-potentiating action of Strychnos myrtoides alkalo 1994 Planta Medica 60(1): 13-16 Abstract Crude alkaloids of Strychnos myrtoides Gilg & Busse, empirically used as an adjuvant to chloroquine (CQ) in Malagasy herbal remedies, were practically devoid of intrinsic in vitro and in vivo antimalarial activity. However, when combined with CQ at a dose level much lower than their IC50 value, they markedly enhanced in vitro the effectiveness of the synthetic drug against a CQresistant strain of Plasmodium falciparum. They also enhanced in vivo CQ activity against a resistant strain of Plasmodium yoelii. By counter-current distribution (CCD) separation of the crude alkaloid extract, the two major alkaloids strychnobrasiline (1) and malagashanine (2), together with four minor alkaloids, were isolated. Strychnobrasiline and malagashanine were devoid of both intrinsic antimalarial activity and cytotoxicity effect, but exhibited significant CQ-potentiating actions. These findings could account for the above-mentioned empirical use of S. myrtoides. The present state of research on antimalarial drug from Strychnos genus is also discussed.
Author Title Year Source title Reference Rosenmund, P., M. Hosseinimerescht and C. Bub A simple entry into the series of tetracyclic heteroyohimbanes and secoyohimbane 1994 Liebigs Annalen Der Chemie (2): 151-158 Abstract The divinylogous urethane 4a reacts in diluted acetic acid to give the indolochinolizine 9 (yield 40%). The total amount grows up to 65%, if compound 14, prepared from 4a in nearly quantitative yield, is allowed to react with trifluoroacetic acid for a few minutes. Similarily, 4b and 4c give by treatment with SnCl2 and heat in an [4+2]-cycloaddition reaction the spiroindolines 17 and 18. Oxytryptamine reacts with 2 moles of 2 to give immediately the spirooxindole 21. This compound can be rearranged to give 23 (after treatment with acid, reduction and catalytic hydrogenation). 23 h a s t h e c i s - c o n f i g u r a t i o n o f r h y n c o p h y l l i n e . Author Title Year Source title Reference Saka, J. D. K. and J. D. Msonthi Nutritional-value of edible fruits of indigenous wild trees in Malawi 1994 Forest Ecology and Management 64(2-3): 245-248 Abstract The edible portions of 16 edible wild fruits were analysed for moisture, protein, fat, crude fibre, ash and minerals (Ca, Mg, Fe, P, K, and Na). The total carbohydrate and energy contents were calculated. - Trichilia emetica, Strychnos spinosa, Azanza garckeana, Ximenia caffra and Parinari curatellifolia gave the highest levels of protein (17.0%), fat (31.2%), fibre (45.3%), ash (11.2%) and carbohydrate (88.2%), respectively. The highest and lowest energy values were found for Strychnos spinosa (1923 kJ 100 g-1) and Azanza garckeana (810 kJ 100 g-1), respectively. Bauhinia thonningii afforded the highest dry matter content (91.6%). - The highest contents of Ca, Mg, Fe, P, K and Na were found for Adansonia digitata (1156 mug g-1), Syzigium guineense (2247 mug g-1), Syzigium guineense (758 mug g-1), Trichilia emetica (3164 mug g-1), Ximenia caffra (41 79 1 mug g-1) and F l a c o u r t i a i n d i c a ( 5 8 9 m u g g - 1 ) , r e s p e c t i v e l y .
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