Strychnos 1990 - 2004 - Crops for the Future

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Author Title Year Source title Reference Sole, D., J. Bonjoch, S. Garcia-Rubio, E. Peidro and J. Bosch Enantioselective total synthesis of wieland-gumlich aldehyde and (-)-strychnine 2000 Chemistry- A European Journal 6(4): 655-665 Abstract A total synthesis of (-)-strychnine in 15 steps from 1,3-cyclohexanedione in 0.15% overall yield is described. The sequence followed in the assembling of rings is: E --> AE [2-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,3- cyclohexanedione] --> ACE (3a-aryloctahydroindol-4-one) --> ACDE (arylazatricyclic core) ABCDE (strychnan skeleton) --> ABCDEF (Wieland-Gumlich aldehyde) --> ABCDEFG (strychnine). The key steps of the synthesis are the enantioselective construction of the 3a-(2- nitrophenyl)octahydroindol-4-one ring system and the closure of the piperidine ring by a reductive Heck cyclization to generate the pivotal intermediate (-)-14. In contrast, a Lewis acid promoted alpha-alkoxy-propargylic silane-enone cyclization did not lead to synthetically useful azatricyclic ACDE intermediates. The introduction of C-17 and the closure of the indoline ring by reductive amination of the alpha-(2-nitrophenyl) ketone moiety complete the strychnan skeleton from which, via the Wieland-Gumlich aldehyde, the synthesis of (-)-strychnine is achieved. Author Title Year Source title Reference Tripathi, Y. B. and S. Chaurasia Interaction of Strychnos nux vomica-products and iron: With reference to lipid pe 2000 Phytomedicine 7(6): 523-528 Abstract In this paper, it has been investigated that strychnine, the major active principle in the alcoholic extract of the seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica, is responsible for its antilipid peroxidative property. The mechanism of action of this drug is through the chelation of the free iron in the system. It has also been observed that strychnine does not have any pro-oxidant-property, because it does not convert Fe3+ to Fe2+ and vice versa in the reaction system, as has been observed with several other a n t i o x i d a n t s .
Author Title Year Source title Reference Wang, T. and J. M. Cook General approach for the synthesis of sarpagine/ajmaline indole alkaloids. Stereos 2000 Organic Letters 2(14): 2057-2059 Abstract GRAPHICS - (+)-Vellosimine has been synthesized enantiospecifically in 27% overall yield from commercially available D-(+)-tryptophan methyl ester via the asymmetric Pictet-Spengler reaction and a stereocontrolled intramolecular palladium-coupling reaction as key steps. Author Title Year Source title Reference Wong, C. L. and I. H. Ni Population dynamics of the feral macaques in the Kowloon Hills of Hong Kong 2000 American Journal of Primatology 50(1): 53-66 Abstract Hong Kong's feral monkey population is controversial. Many people complain about the aggressiveness of the monkeys, while some conservationists urge the government to deal with the problem in a way that will not harm the monkeys. The population dynamics of the macaques in the Kowloon Hills were studied in 1992 and 1993. Vital statistics are provided from this study as a first step in resolving the problems of human provisioning and wildlife management. It is unlikely that these macaques are indigenous to the area. They are the descendents of macaques that were released in the early twentieth century to control the spread of a local poisonous plant, the strychnos, which contains alkaloids poisonous to livestock and humans but which is a favorite food of the macaques. The macaque population expanded dramatically during the 1980s. The census method employed in this study is direct head count and photoidentification. At the end of 1993, the estimated abundance was 690 (+/- 6) in eight social groups in the Kowloon Hills. Species found were rhesus (Macaca mulatta) 65.3%, longtailed (M. fascicularis) 2.2%, Tibetan (M. thibetana) 0.2%, and hybrids 32.3%. The overall home ranges occupied 2.15 km(2), resulting in a very high macaque density of 326 per km(2). The birth rates were 56.9% and 69.4% in 1992 and 1993, respectively. Mean adult sex ratio (M:F) was 1:2.2 for social groups and 1:1.6 including all peripheral males. The main mortality factor was road accidents and these contributed to the "missing rate" of 9.8% and 10.6% in 1992 and 1993, respectively. Population growth was 5.6% in 1992 and 9.8% in 1993. The estimated macaque population in the year 2000 will be around 1,100 if conditions remain favorable. Management strategies are recommended. (C) 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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