Strychnos 1990 - 2004 - Crops for the Future

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Author Title Year Source title Reference Baimai, V., J. Phinchongsakuldit and C. Sumrandee Cytological evidence for a complex of species within the taxon Bactrocera tau (Di 2000 Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 69(3): 399-409 Abstract Analysis of mitotic karyotypes of wild specimens of larvae of the Bactrocera tau-like fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Thailand has revealed seven distinct chromosome forms, based on the amount and distribution of heterochromatin in sex chromosomes and autosomes. Such cytological differences are perfectly correlated with morphological observations and molecular genetics data. These findings clearly suggest that B. tau is a cluster of at least seven closely related species temporarily designated as species A (=B. tau), B, C, D, E, F and G. On the basis of the gross quantity of heterochromatin accumulation in the genome, three groups of mitotic karyotypes can be recognized. Group 1 comprises species A and E. Species E specifically occurs only in fruits of Strychnos thorelii while species A attacks many kinds of host plants. Group 2 contains species B, F and G. Species B has been found only in Siphonodon celastrineus fruit, whereas species F and G attack the same host species, the medically important plant, Hydnocarpus anthelminthicus, albeit in different localities. Group 3 includes species C and D, each of which comprises larger amounts of pericentric heterochromatin in all chromosomes than the other two groups. Hence, these two species are cytologically remote from those of groups 1 and 2. Species C and D occur allopatrically but they attack the same host plant species, Momordica cochinchinensis. Thus, genetic differentiation at the chromosomal level to specific host plant species and geographic isolation seem to play an important role in speciation of members of the B, tau complex. (C) 2000 The Linnean Society of London.
Author Title Year Source title Reference Bonifacio, E. a., S. Santonoi and E. Zanini Soil properties required by some southern Sfrica fruit trees as assessed by discrimi 2000 Arid Soil Research and Rehabilitation 14(3): 253-263 Abstract Some indigenous fruit trees, in the drylands of southern Africa are worthy of interest because of their adaptation to environmental conditions prohibitive for traditional crops. Their fruits or their derivatives are traditionally used as an additional income by rural population, but little information is available about the properties of the soils that support their growth, although this information is necessary if the trees are subjected to sustainable domestication. Several soil properties are, however, to be considered as a whole and discriminant analysis provides a helpful tool to individuate the best conditions for the tree growth. Thirty-five soil samples were taken in areas where the trees naturally grow and produce, and the analytical data of the surface layer were used to relate soil properties to tree species. Four groups of trees were well separated using two discriminant functions that takes into account both the fertility characteristics (pH, organic C, N, texture, and properties of the exchange complex) and the Fe contents and distribution among the oxide forms. The discriminant functions allow a very acceptable reclassification of the data (more than 80% of cases correctly reclassified) and the classification coefficients were used to build an empirical equation that may help to identify the most suitable tree to be introduced at a new site. Author Title Year Source title Reference Abstract Brandt, V., A. Geerlings, M. Tits, C. Delaude, R. van der Heijden, R. Verpoorte a New strictosidine beta-glucosidase from Strychnos mellodora 2000 Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 38(3): 187-192 -
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