Strychnos 1990 - 2004 - Crops for the Future

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Author Title Year Source title Reference Arbain, D., N. H. Lajis, D. P. Putra, M. V. Sargent, B. W. Skelton and A. H. Whit New quaternary corynanthe alkaloid from Lerchea bracteata 1992 Journal of the Chemical Society-Perkin Transactions 1 (22): 3039-3042 Abstract Extraction of the leaves of Lerchea bracteata Val. (Rubiaceae) has yielded a quaternary Corynanthe alkaloid, dihydro-3-epi-corynantheol methochloride (lercheine) 4 the structure of which followed from analysis of its spectral data and by X-ray crystal structure determination of the corresponding b r o m i d e . Author Title Year Source title Reference Balakrishna, P. and A. Raman Cecidogenesis of leaf galls of Strychnos nux vomica (Loganiaceae) induced by th 1992 Entomologia Generalis 17(4): 285-292 Abstract Diaphorina truncata Crawford 1924 induces roll galls on the leaves of Strychnos nux-vomica Linnaeus (Loganiaceae) in the W' coastal plains of S' India. Gravid females of D. truncata colonise and oviposit on the abaxial surfaces of differentiated leaves of S. nux-vomica. Feeding activity of the first instar larvae on the mesophyll tissue initiates gall development, evident as wrinkles. In 10-12 days, with the growth of the inhabiting larvae, the leaf turns more-intensely curled. Mature larvae feed on the phloem strands and consequently the vasculature of the galled leaf breaks down. In 25-30 days, the leaf crumples due to distortion of cells and desiccation, and the galled leaf abscises, synchronising with the moulting of the L5 into adults. To supplement these observations, changes in the primary and some secondary plant metabolites of the host leaf during cecidogenesis have been estimated. These changes are related to the nutrition and biology of the psyllid species.
Author Title Year Source title Reference Bisset, N. G. War and hunting poisons of the new-world .1. Notes on the early history of curare 1992 Journal of Ethnopharmacology 36(1): 1-26 Abstract The history to about 1850 of the muscle-relaxant poison curare is discussed, especially the developments leading to the botanical identification of the plants that yield the alkaloidal active principles: Loganiaceae (Strychnos species) and Menispermaceae (Abuta. Chondrodendron, and Curarea species). One of the earliest encounters with the poison appears to have been during the exploration of the Lake Maracaibo region in Colombia by Alonso Perez de Tolosa in 1548. It is pointed out (yet again) that Sir Walter Ralegh did not bring back the poison to Europe in 1595 and that it was Keymis who first came across the word ourari when exploring the lower reaches of the Orinoco in 1596. Gumilla, La Condamine, Ulloa, Veigl, and others gave much additional information about the poison during the 18th century. Scientific studies began in the latter part of the century when Schreber listed the botanical identities of four of the plant components entering into the curare prepared by the Akawai Indians of Surinam. As far as is known, none of these people actually saw curare being made. Thereafter, progress was rapid. Humboldt and Bonpland were the first trained scientists to witness the preparation of the poison, at the very beginning of the 19th century. Subsequent exploration by Martius and Spix, Poeppig, Youd, the Schomburgk brothers, De Castelnau and Deville, Spruce, and others, up to the middle of the century, extended and deepened botanical and ethnological knowledge of curare. Study of its physiology started at about that time with the classical experiments of Rudolf von Koelliker and Claude Bernard. Author Title Year Source title Reference Casamitjana N; Gracia J; Bonjoch J; Bosch J Functionalized 2-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes .16. Studies on the synthesis of strych 1992 Tetrahedron Letters 33(15): 2055-2058 Abstract A stereocontrolled four-step synthesis of polysubstituted functionalized morphans 7 and 8 from the 3,4-cis piperidine derivative 1 is reported. beta-Keto ester 1 was converted to 4- (oxopentyl)piperidines 3, and then to the 2-cyano derivatives 4 and 5, which were cyclized to the t i t l e c o m p o u n d s 7 a n d 8 .
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