Strychnos 1990 - 2004 - Crops for the Future

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Author Title Year Source title Reference Tchamba, M. N. and P. M. Seme Diet and feeding-behavior of the forest elephant in the Santchou Reserve, Camero 1993 African Journal of Ecology 31(2): 165-171 Abstract This study reports the diet and feeding behaviour of forest elephants in Western Cameroon. Diet consisted primarily of grass (Pennisetum purpureum). Woody material (leaves and stems) made up the smallest proportion of the diet. Twenty-two species of fruit were eaten of which seven formed a significant component of the diet: Cucurmis manii, Desplatsia subericarpa, Irvingia gabonensis, Parinari excelsa, Strychnos innocuea, Theobroma cacao and Vitex doniana. The greatest variety of fruit was available during the dry season. The frequent presence of crop seeds in the dung piles indicated that elephant incursions into the farms to feed on crops were regular. Elephants removed bark from eight species of tree but concentrated on four: Afzelia bipindensis, Coloncoba welwitschii, Bridelia ferruginea and Terminalia superba. Seventeen species were recorded as browsed. Trees in particular were favoured. Elephants fed mainly by grazing or stripping off fruits. Debarking of trees, breaking of the main stems, and uprooting or pushing over were minor feeding activities.
Author Title Year Source title Reference Vanveenendaal, W. L. H. and R. W. Denouter Development of included phloem and organization of the phloem network in the st 1993 Iawa Journal 14(3): 253-265 Abstract The development of the diffuse included phloem strands in Strychnos millepunctata Leeuwenberg is described and compared with that in some other Strychnos species. - The phloem strands are produced outwards by small segments of the vascular cambium which function differently. In these segments the secondary xylem production inwards is retarted and gradually stops, the secondary phloem production outwards increases. Thus the vascular cambium cylinder forms depressions. These cambium segments become detached from the rest of the vascular cambium. The future strand sinks into the secondary xylem and is bridged over by a complementary cambium which is formed in the outer border of the strand and joins the vascular cambial cylinder. The complementary cambium now starts with the production of secondary xylem inwards and secondary phloem outwards like the rest of the vascular cambium in die once more closed cambial cylinder. - The composition of the secondary phloem in the strands is different from both the secondary and primary external phloem (phloem outside the cylinder of vascular cambium). Radial rows of cells are present within the included phloem strands which continue into the later formed secondary xylem. One- to five-seriate rays traverse the strands. The embedded cambial segment near the inner border of the strand remains active. The crushing of the phloem takes place near the outer border Of the strand, forming cap-like tissues of disorganised cells. Internal phloem is regularly renewed by cambial activity. The internal cambium produces secondary phloem inwards. The composition of this phloem resembles that of the included phloem strands. - Inter-connections between included phloem strands, as well as anastomoses of these strands with both secondary external and internal phloem, has been demonstrated. Together these three phloem types form a three-dimensional secondary phloem n e t w o r k . Author Title Year Source title Reference Abstract Amat, M. and J. Bosch Studies on the synthesis of pentacyclic Strychnos indole alkaloids - closure of e-ri 1992 Journal of Organic Chemistry 57(21): 5792-5796 -
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Strychnos 1990 - 2004 - Crops for the Future

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