CHAPTER 14 - Iskandar Malaysia

Section B Planning and Implementation
Part 4 Infrastructure Development Initiatives
CHAPTER 14
Urban Infrastructure

Urban Infrastructure
chapter
14
14.1 Introduction
Infrastructure plays a pivotal role in supporting the quality of life and
with this in mind, SJER needs to provide the highest standard and
quality of infrastructure and utility services.
In line with these goals, planning for urban infrastructure needs to take
into consideration the following:
■ Projections for population growth – predict growth and distribution
of population and employment to ensure urban infrastructure is
delivered on time.
As its urban areas continue to expand and develop, there is an
immediate need to improve the infrastructure to support new
development projects. Such infrastructure and utility services need to
be efficient and to be geared towards supporting a clean and high
quality living environment.
14.2 Goals
■ Planning for demand –infrastructure planning needs to be based
on realistic demand projections to optimise the use and efficiency
of the infrastructure.
■ Innovation – seek to implement innovative practices that will
improve service delivery.
The objectives with regard to provision of infrastructure are as follows:-
URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE GOALS:
• To optimise use of existing infrastructure.
• To integrate common aspects of infrastructure needs and
requirements to ensure planning for sustainable and affordable
development to meet the growth of SJER.
The services should be efficient, reliable and integrated, making use of
common facilities and service corridors. The public will be encouraged
to participate in conservation and waste minimisation activities, whilst
the latest technology will be used to ensure minimal environmental
impact.
• To utilize modern and innovative technology in infrastructure
provision to improve service levels and to attain a high quality
environment within SJER.
• To control and coordinate all infrastructure and utilities service
providers and to set targets for quality waste, water and energy
resources within SJER.
14 - 1

SECTION B
PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION
14.3 Power Supply
The provision of sufficient and uninterrupted electric power is essential to
support urban growth. With this in mind, the generation and distribution
of power needs to be properly planned, making use of the latest
technology as required.
B. Current Main Substation and Capacity
The present supply of electric power in the study area is sufficient. Based
on Table 14.2, the capacity of 23 main intake substations could meet
the demand of SJER and produce 2040 MVA with a maximum capacity
of 994MV. Figure 14.1 shows the location of the intake substations in the
study areas.
UI 1:
UI 2:
KEY DIRECTION
Ensure sufficient supply of power to cater for the growth of
SJER and to support its objective of becoming a world class
sustainable conurbation.
To ensure that the reliability of power within SJER meets the
standards set for MSC Cybercities and Cybercentres.
Table 14.2: List of Sub-station (PMU) and Demand (MVA) in SJER, 2003
Local
Authority
Majlis
Bandaraya
Johor Bahru
(MBJB)
PMU
Capacity
(MVA)
Voltage
(kV)
Supply
(MVA)
Maximum
Demand
(MW MD)
Kangkar 2X60 132/22 120.00 65.00
Tebrau 2X60 132/22 120.00 70.00
Stulang
Darat
2X45 132/22 90.00 60.00
A. Enhance the Reliability of Power Supply
The following proposed targets will be set for SJER i.e.:
■ Improve System Average Interruption Duration Index (SAIDI) from
the current 105 minutes/customer/year (2004) 1 to less than 20
minutes/customer/year; and
■ System Average Interruption Frequency Indexes (SAIFI) from 1.11
(2004) to less than 0.5
Table 14.1: Performance Of The Electricity Supply Services
Name of Cities
Johor Bahru
Kuala Lumpur
Putrajaya
Performance
Index : SAIDI
105
99
2
Name of Cities
Johor Bahru
Kuala Lumpur
Putrajaya
Performance
Index : SAIFI
1.11
0.84
0.01
Majlis Perbandaran
Johor Bahru
Tengah
(MPJBT)
Majlis Daerah
Kulai
(MDK)
Majidee 2X60 132/22 120.00 80.00
Tampoi Ind. 2X60 132/22 120.00 60.00
Tebrau
Central
2X60 132/22 120.00 60.00
Kempas 2X60 132/22 120.00 60.00
Sub total 810.00 455.00
Tg. Kupang 2X60 132/22 120.00 60.00
Ulu Tiram 2X60 132/22 120.00 60.00
Skudai 2X60 132/22 120.00 70.00
Sub Total 360.00 190.00
Saleng 2X30 132/11 60.00 20.00
Seelong 2X30 132/11 60.00 15.00
Singapore
15
Singapore
0.10
Bukit Batu 2X30 132/11 60.00 12.00
France
USA
52
88
Michigan
London
1.35
0.40
Johor
Tengah ITC
2X30 132/11 60.00
11.00
Japan
New York
0.02
0.99
Senai Hitec 2X30 132/11 60.00 15.00
Sub Total 300.00 73.00
Source: Report on The Performance Of The Electricity Supply Services In
Malaysia, Interim Report 1st Half 2004
1 Report on The Performance Of The Electricity Supply Services In
Malaysia, Interim Report 1st Half 2004
14 - 2

URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE CHAPTER 14 | PART 4
Local
Authority
PMU
Capacity
(MVA)
Voltage
(kV)
Supply
(MVA)
Maximum
Demand
(MW MD)
PBT Pasir
Gudang
(PBTPG)
PGIE 3 x 60 132/22 180 96.63
Tg. Langsat 2 x 60 132/22 120 24.38
PGDT 2 x 60 132/22 120 65.00
Cahaya Baru 2 x 60 132/22 120 48.75
PGPS 1 x 30 132/22 30 14.63
Titan P.
Gudang
Titan Tg.
Langsat
Antara Steel
Mill
– 132 – 15.50
– 132 – 22.27
– 132 – 54.82
Sub Total 570 341.98
GRAND TOTAL 2040.00 994.98
Main Sub Station (PMU) 132/22 kV Kangkar Tebrau
C. Projected Demand for Power
Demand for power is projected based on future projections for
economic growth as well as the physical development growth within
the SJER area.
Source : Regional Load Forecast and Load Desegregation Report, 1997-2009
As illustrated, the current supply outstrips demand. The capacity from all
the intake substations in SJER in the year 2003 is 1249.50MW compared
to the actual total demand of 653 MW.
Table 14.3: Demand of Power Supply Compared to The Capacity
D. Meeting Demand for Power
Consumption of electricity within SJER will increase from 1,334 MW
in 2005 to 2,819 MW by the year 2025. The increase is in line with
the physical development of the area. The Table 14.4 illustrates the
projected growth in demand for power from different user bases
(housing, commercial, industry and street lightings).
Usage 2003
Capacity (MW) 1249.50
Demand (MW) 653.00
TNB’s coverage should extend to 100% of SJER and be sufficient to meet
demand. The reserve margin needs to be maintained at a minimum of
25%.
Source: SJER CDP 2025
Balance (MW) 596.50
14 - 3

SECTION B
PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION
Table 14.4: Projection of Power Supply Demand for SJER, 2000-2025
MBJB
Sector 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
Domestic 221.70 236.77 284.84 350.35 438.64
Commercial 133.02 142.06 170.90 210.21 263.18
Industry 66.51 71.03 85.45 105.10 131.59
Sub Total 421.22 449.87 541.19 665.66 833.41
Street Lighting
(5%)
22.17 23.68 28.48 35.03 43.86
Total (MW) 443.39 473.54 569.67 700.70 877.27
MPJBT
Sector 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
Domestic 154.17 186.09 245.08 321.79 402.87
Commercial 92.50 111.65 147.05 193.07 241.72
Industry 46.25 55.83 73.52 96.54 120.86
Sub Total 292.93 353.56 465.64 611.39 765.46
Street Lighting
(5%)
15.42 18.61 24.51 32.18 40.29
Total (MW) 308.35 372.17 490.15 643.57 805.75
MDK
Sector 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
Domestic 57.13 61.82 74.74 92.45 115.56
Commercial 34.28 37.09 44.84 55.47 69.34
Industry 17.14 18.55 22.42 27.73 34.67
Sub Total 108.55 117.45 142.00 175.65 219.57
Street Lighting
(5%)
5.71 6.18 7.47 9.24 11.56
PBPTDJB (con’t)
Industry 14.45 15.72 18.22 22.34 27.92
Sub Total 91.51 99.56 115.39 141.47 176.83
Street Lighting
(5%)
4.82 5.24 6.07 7.45 9.3 1
Total (MW) 96.32 104.80 121.46 148.91 186.14
PBTPG
Sector 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
Domestic 186.21 202.59 234.81 287.87 359.84
Commercial 111.72 121.56 140.88 172.72 215.90
Industry 55.86 60.78 70.44 86.36 107.95
Sub Total 353.80 384.93 446.13 546.96 683.70
Street Lighting
(5%)
18.62 20.26 23.48 28.79 35.98
Total (MW) 372.42 405.19 469.61 575.75 719.68
OVERALL
Sector 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
Domestic 667.37 739.67 900.19 1,126.91 1,409.98
Commercial 400.42 443.80 540.11 676.15 845.99
Industry 200.21 221.90 270.06 338.07 423.00
Sub Total 1,268.00 1,405.37 1,710.35 2,141.13 2,678.97
Street Lighting
(5%)
66.74 73.97 90.02 112.69 141.00
Total (MW) 1,334.74 1,479.34 1,800.37 2,253.82 2,819.97
Source: SJER CDP 2025
Total (MW) 114.26 123.63 149.47 184.90 231.12
PBPTDJB
Sector 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
Domestic 48.16 52.40 60.73 74.46 93.07
Commercial 28.90 31.44 36.44 44.67 55.84
14 - 4

URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE CHAPTER 14 | PART 4
E. Main substation Intake (PMU)
TNB will need to increase the capacity of the main intake to meet the
increase in demand expected up to 2025. The plans for upgrade within
the SJER area are illustrated on the following page.
Table 14.5: Committed Sub-station (PMU) in SJER
Study Area
Majlis
Bandaraya
Johor Bahru
(MBJB)
Majlis
Perbandaran
Johor Bahru
Tengah
(MPJBT)
Majlis
Daerah Kulai
(MDK)
Main Substation
Intake (PMU)
Rate
(MVA)
Voltan
(kV)
Capacity
(MVA)
Max.
Target Year
Demand
Completion
(MW
MD)
UDA 2 x 60 132/22 120.00 - 2006
Kempas No.2 2 x 60 132/22 120.00 - 2007
Bukit Cagar 2 x 60 132/22 120.00 - 2008
Bakar Batu 2 x 60 132/22 120.00 - 2010
Desa
Cemerlang
Sub Total 480.00 -
2 x 60 132/22 120.00 - 2008
Casa Saujana 2 x 60 132/22 120.00 - 2010
Taman Sutera 2 x 60 132/22 120.00 - 2010
Sg. Tiram 2 x 60 132/22 120.00 - 2010
Sub Total 480.00 -
Asiatic No. 3 2 x 30 132/11 60.00 - 2006
Sri Puteri 2 x 30 132/11 60.00 - 2008
Ladang Swee
Lam
2 x 30 132/11 60.00 - 2010
Asiatic No. 4 2 x 30 132/11 60.00 - 2010
Sedenak 2 x 30 132/11 60.00 - 2010
14.4 Development Option/ Program
Common Trenching
It is proposed that common trenching or utility tunnels be adopted
in the SJER. A special committee headed by a utility service provider
should be formed to coordinate this. Detailed utility reserves should be
identified and implemented to ensure future maintenance or capacity
expansion can be carried out without road digging. This should be
implemented as soon as possible, particularly within the central business
district and new mega development areas.
14.5 Renewable Energy/Alternative Power Source
SJER will promote the use of renewable energy/ alternative power
sources, in line with Malaysia’s energy policy i.e. the 5th Fuel Policy:
“..:To supplement the conventional supply of energy, new sources
such as renewable energy will be encouraged. In this regards the fuel
diversification policy which comprises oil, gas, hydro and coal will be
extended to include renewable energy as the fifth fuel, particularly
biomass, biogas, municipal waste, mini-hydro and solar. Of these,
biomass resources such as palm oil and wood waste as well rice husks,
will be used on a wider basis, mainly for electrical generation. Other
potential sources of energy will include palm diesel and hydrogen fuel.”
KEY DIRECTION
PBT Pasir
Gudang
(PBTPG)
Sub Total 300.00 -
PGIE T3 1 x 60 132/22 60.00 - 2002
Tg. Langsat 1 2 x 90 132/33 180.00 - 2003
Johor Port
Pasir Putih
Tg. Langsat 2
2 x 90
2 x 30
2 x 90
2 x 30
2 x 90
2 x 30
132/33
132/11
132/33
132/11
132/33
132/11
180.00
60.00
180.00
60.00
180.00
60.00
Sub Total 940.00 -
Grand Total 2,200.00 -
-
-
-
-
-
-
2003
2003
2010
2010
2012
2012
UI 3 : SJER will promote the use of Renewable Energy in all new
development projects especially large townships and office
and commercial buildings within the SEC.
New, environmental-friendly methods of generating electricity such
as utilisation of bio-fuels and solar power should be explored. While
SJER has sufficient power till 2025, there should be a move towards
renewable energy sources given the obvious benefits.
Source: SJER CDP 2025
14 - 5

SECTION B
PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION
14.6 Water Supply
Table 14.7: Existing SJER Water Supply
A. Introduction
Treatment Plant
Water Supply (mld)
The current supply of water is adequate in meeting the needs of SJER,
with a reserve of about 100%.
Heavy industries in Pasir Gudang, new industries in Nusajaya and other
industrial areas, as well as the associated population increase will
require that the water supply system (comprising the source, headworks,
transmission, and storage and distribution network) be augmented
significantly.
Layang 182.0
Layang Extension 136.0
Sg. Johor - Stage 2 159.0
Lower Pulai Treatment Plant 82.0
Sg. Johor - Stage 3 159.0
Sayong Treatment Plant 140.0
TOTAL 858.0
Source: SJER CDP 2025
KEY DIRECTION
UI 4 : Ensure a reliable source of high quality water and preserve
existing water catchments areas that serve SJER.
B. Water Demand
Demand for water within the SJER in the year 2005 was in the region of
537 million litres per day, as illustrated below.
Table 14.6: Existing SJER Water Demand
City Council
Water Demand (mld)
MBJB 182.0
MPJBT 175.1
MPKu 51.0
PDJB 69.1
PBTPG 59.8
SJER 537.0
Source: SJER CDP 2025
D. Non-Revenue Water (NRW)
Within SJER, Non Revenue Water (NRW) is very significant. NRW is the
difference between the total volume produced by water treatment
plants and total volume of water legally used. This difference in volume
is generally due to the following:
■ Leakage in distribution pipes, faulty valves and water wastage
due to improper pipe fittings, as well as burst pipes;
■ Operation of fire hydrants and flushing of main pipes;
■ Illegal pipe connection, for instance, tapping illegally from fire
hydrant; and
■ Meter vandalism.
In relation to the above, SAJH has taken various steps to improve
security by putting up fences. SAJH has implemented various programs
to upgrade the old pipes since 1995 and reduced NRW from 47% in
1992 to 27% in year 2000. SAJH has forecast that NRW in the region will
reduce to between 25%-20% in 2010.
C. Water Resources
Syarikat Air Johor Holdings Berhad (SAJH) is the body responsible for the
supply of treated water in SJER. There are six treatment plants, which
supply 858 million litres of treated water per day to consumers in SJER.
Raw water is sourced from three rivers namely Sungai Layang, Sungai
Johor and Sungai Pulai.
E. Existing Water Requirements
From the analysis shown, there is a surplus of water of 149.9 million litre
per day. to cater for immediate needs and development pressure.
14 - 6

URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE CHAPTER 14 | PART 4
Table 14.8: Current Supply and Demand
Table 14.10: Existing and Proposed Water Treatment Plant
Item
Water Supply (mld)
Water Supply 858.0
Treatment Plant
Existing:
2003 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
Less NRW 20%
Water Demand 537.0
Balance 149.9
Source: SJER CDP 2025
F. Future Water Demand
However based on projected population growth, the demand for water
in SJER will reach 1376.7 million litres per day by the year 2025.
Layang 182.0 182.0 182.0 182.0 182.0 182.0
Layang Extension 136.0 136.0 136.0 136.0 136.0 136.0
PUB Skudai 75.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sg. Johor – Stage 2 159.0 159.0 159.0 159.0 159.0 159.0
Lower Pulai Treatment
Plant
82.0 82.0 82.0 82.0 82.0 82.0
Sg. Johor – Stage 3 159.0 159.0 159.0 159.0 159.0 159.0
Sayong Treatment Plant 0.0 140.0 140.0 140.0 140.0 140.0
Total 793.0 858.0 858.0 858.0 858.0 858.0
Table 14.9: Total Water Demand for SJER, 2000-2025
Proposed By SAJH: 2003 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
City Council
Water Demand Forecast (mld)
2003 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
MBJB 147.6 181.5 199.0 245.5 310.2 415.6
MPJBT 136.3 175.1 217.0 293.2 396.1 530.4
MPKu 42.3 51.0 56.6 70.2 89.2 119.4
Johor Bahru Treatment
Plant (Sg. Johor)
Sedili Besar Treatment
Plant - Stage 1A
Sedili Besar Treatment
Plant - Stage 1B
0.0 0.0 140.0 140.0 140.0 140.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 210.0 210.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 210.0
PDJB 58.2 69.1 77.2 91.8 115.7 154.9
PBTPG 16.1 59.8 76.4 97.4 116.8 156.4
SJER 400.5 536.5 626.2 798.1 1,028.0 1,376.7
Total 0.0 0.0 140.0 140.0 350.0 560.0
Grand Total 793.0 858.0 998.0 998.0 1208.0 1418.0
Source: SJER CDP 2025
Source: SJER CDP 2025
As illustrated, SJER is expected to face water shortages after 2025. Hence,
G. Future Water Resources
By the year 2025 the estimated consumption is 1418 million litre per day,
an increase of 44% compared to the consumption in the year 2005.
Table 14.10 shows the projected rate of water consumption till 2025.
a new source of water needs to be identified and new water treatment
plants must be planned to meet the demand (refer Table 14.11)
Table 14.11: Difference of Total Demand and Supply
Item 2003 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
Water
Supply
Total Supply 793.0 858.0 998.0 998.0 1,208.0 1,418.0
Less NRW 158.6 171.6 149.7 99.8 120.8 141.8
Actual Supply 634.4 686.4 848.3 898.2 1,087.2 1,276.2
Demand 400.6 536.5 626.2 798.1 1,028.0 1,376.7
Balance 233.8 149.9 222.1 100.1 59.2 (100.5)
Source: SJER CDP 2025
It is thus recommended that a Water Resource Study be undertaken
to identify new sources of water and the feasibility of constructing new
treatment plants.
14 - 7

SECTION B
PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION
H. Water Supply Master Plan
▼ Development Option
To overcome the projected water shortage, new sources need to be
found and new treatment plants need to be developed. Based on the
projected increase in demand, a treatment plant with a capacity of
100 million litres per day should be built to meet demand for water in
2025. Other alternatives such as rainwater harvesting and exploitation of
underground water resources should be explored.
14.7 Water Resource Management and Alternative Sources
SJER will adopt an integrated water management system where water
supply and use will be viewed as an integrated cycle. Sources of water,
which include underground water sources, rivers, water catchments
area, lakes and rainwater, are to be is conserved whilst wastewater
from sewerage treatment plants and drainage systems is to be recycled
for suitable purposes.
Figure14.1: Concept of Integrated Water Management
KEY DIRECTION
UI 5 : Sustainable use of water resources i.e implementing
measures for more efficient use of water and by encouraging
water recycling and rainwater harvesting
A. Water Sources
Apart from conventional water supply for domestic use from public
distribution system by relevant agency, other potential sources of
water need to be exploited, in particular, rainwater. Guidelines for
incorporation of rainwater harvesting in individual buildings have been
formulated.
B. Rainwater collection and water recycling
Rainwater is collected from downspouts connected to the roof gutters
of a building. A simple device called a roof washer diverts the initial flow
of the rainfall into a storage tank.
Table 14.12: Projected Water Resources From Rainwater harvesting
Pipe Water from
Water supply
Agency (SAJ)
Rainwater
Recycled Water/
Grey Water
Year 2003 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
Rainwater
Harvesting
(mld)
18.7 23.0 26.2 32.5 40.7 51.0
Source: SJER CDP 2025
DOMESTIC USE
Drinking Water
Kitchen Use
Bathing
Washing
DOMESTIC USE
Bathing
Washing
Toilet FLushing
NON-DOMESTIC USE
Gardening
Municipal
Landscaping
Car Washing
DOMESTIC USE
Toilet Flushing
NON-DOMESTIC USE
Gardening
Municipal
Landscaping
Car Washing
Water
Use
Water
Sources
Waste
Water
Sewerage
Treatment Plant
Drains, Retention
Ponds and
Canal System
River System
Figure 14.2: Use of Gutter for Rainwater Collection in
Residential Building
Gutter to to collect collect rainwater
rainwater
Gutter to collect
rainwater
Gutter to collect
rainwater
Source: SJER CDP 2025
Source: SJER CDP 2025
14 - 8

URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE CHAPTER 14 | PART 4
Figure 14.3: Concept of Rainwater Harvesting For Residential Building
Location Usage Q Depth (m)
IKBN Skudai D 10.00 75.00
Gutter to collect
rainwater
Rainwater distribution pipe
for non-drinking use such as
gardening and toilet
flushing.
Water main for domestic use from
water authority reticulation system
Source: SJER CDP 2025
Water tank for
domestic water
supply from water
authority
Collection pipe from
gutter to rainwater
storage tank
Rainwater storage
tank
Kg. Seri G. Pulai D 10.00 104.00
Kelab Golf DiRaja D 1.00 30.00
Kg. Sg. Tiram D 5.00 90.00
Kg. Pulai D 5.00 35.00
Kg. Ulu Choh D 5.00 130.00
TOTAL 123
Source: SJER CDP 2025
D. Wastewater
The drainage system and the sewerage treatment plant are two sources
of wastewater. Surface run-offs and treated effluent from sewerage
treatment plants shall be disposed in the river systems of the SJER and
can be used as a water source particularly for non-domestic uses such
as municipal landscaping and gardening.
C. Ground Water
Within the study area ground water is projected to represent only 0.2%
of total water supply in the year 2025. Nevertheless, it is important,
particularly for the drinking water industry, Table below shows the
location and capacity of ground water.
Table 14.13: List of Tube Well in SJER
Location Usage Q Depth (m)
Kulai Besar Oil Mill D 10.00 8.00
Kulai Besar Oil Mill D 10.00 8.00
As such, it is paramount that treated effluent discharge into the river
system is properly managed and water quality of rivers are maintained
to the required standards.
E. Construction Cost
Estimates of the cost of developing the water supply system are
based on current year, 2006. The cost in Zone 1, MBJB is expected
to be higher than that of other zones. The cost of the water supply
infrastructure is summarised in the Table 14.14.
Kulai Besar Oil Mill D 10.00 7.80
Larkin Industrial I 10.00 163.00
Larkin Industrial I 10.00 160.00
Kulai Evegreen MW 5.00 200.00
Ocean, U. Tiram MW 6.00 115.82
Ocean, U. Tiram MW 1.00 30.4
Kg. Murni Jaya D 5.00 104.00
Kg. Kuala Kabung D 5.00 124.00
Kg. Air Manis D 5.00 110.00
SM Senai D 10.00 93.00
14 - 9

SECTION B
PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION
Table 14.14: Estimated Water Supply Infrastructure Cost
Zone 1 – MBJB
Bil. Project Project Cost (RM) Proposed Agency
1 Constructed of reinforcement concrete water tank 156,122,482 SAJH/Developer
2 Constructed of common trenching 34,335,000 SAJH
3 Constructed new pipelines 1,260,000 SAJH
4 Replace the old pipelines. 37,800,000 SAJH
Total 229,517,482
Zone 2 – MPJBT
Bil. Project Project Cost (RM) Proposed Agency
1 Constructed of reinforcement concrete water tank 149,160,052 SAJH/Developer
2 Constructed of common trenching 16,000,000 SAJH
3 Constructed new pipelines 1,260,000 SAJH
4 Replace the old pipelines. 18,900,000 SAJH
Total 185,320,052
Zone 3 – MPKu
Bil. Project Project Cost (RM) Proposed Agency
1 Constructed of reinforcement concrete water tank 62,063,176 SAJH/Developer
2 Constructed of common trenching 6,300,000 SAJH
4 Replace the old pipelines. 18,900,000 SAJH
Total 87,263,176
Zone 4 – PBTDJB
Bil. Project Project Cost Proposed Agency
1 Constructed of reinforcement concrete water tank 155,623,580 SAJH/Developer
Total 155,623,580
Zone 5 - PBT Pasir Gudang
Bil. Project Project Cost (RM) Proposed Agency
1 Constructed of reinforcement concrete water tank 95,000,000 SAJH/Developer
2 Constructed of common trenching 7,000,000 SAJH
4 Replace the old pipelines. 10,000,000 SAJH
Total 112,000,000
Grand Total for Water Supply 769,724,291
Source: SJER CDP 2025
14 - 10

URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE CHAPTER 14 | PART 4
14.8 Sustainable Drainage System
Sustainable drainage is a way of dealing with surface run-off which
avoids the problems associated with conventional drainage practices.
Conventional drainage is not only more expensive to install and
maintain but it is also designed to move rainwater as rapidly as
possible from the point at which it has fallen to a discharge point,
either a watercourse or a soak way. This would increase risk of flooding
downstream due to sudden increase in water levels from hard standing
areas.
SJER will advocate sustainable drainage systems which will offer more
cost effective solutions that are easy to manage, attractive and resilient
to use. Sustainable drainage systems can be used in both urban and
rural areas. The ‘Manual Saliran Mesra Alam’ or MASMA prepared
by the Drainage and Irrigation Department (JPS) contains a detailed
guide to sustainable drainage; however it is not widely implemented in
Malaysia. Hence, for SJER its key objective is:-
KEY DIRECTION
UI 6: To enforce the use of MASMA guidelines and advocate
use of sustainable drainage system to achieve long term
environmental goals for SJER.
A. The River
There are eight major rivers within the district of Johor Bahru as
registered under ‘National Register of River Basins’. These rivers include
Sungai Skudai, Sg Tebrau, Sungai Kempas and Sungai Johor as shown
Table 14.15 and form a major drainage system, as well as a source of
water for households, industries and agriculture.
Table 14.15: Main Rivers in the SJER
Catchments Area
Length
Bil.
Name
(ha)
(Km)
1 Sungai Segget - -
2 Sungai Pontian Kecil - -
Bil.
Name
Catchments Area
Length
(ha)
(Km)
5 Sungai Danga 3,000 16
6 Sungai Skudai 39,000 49
7 Sungai Tebrau 39,000 39
8 Sungai Johor 270,000 125
TOTAL 380,000 276
Sources: National Register of River Basins
B. Flooding
There are still many areas subject to floods in the Johor Bahru area and
most are within the river basins of Sungai Tebrau, Sungai Masai, Sungai
Skudai and Sungai Plentong. Based on reports from the Department of
Drainage, almost 8,500 people may typically be displaced during floods.
Some of the flood prone areas are shown in the following table.
Table 14.16: Flood Areas in The River Catchments
No River Location Affected Flooding
people
1 Sungai • Kg. Sri Aman
100 -
Tebrau • Kg. Tawakal
• Kg. Maju Jaya
2. Sungai • Kg. Sri Purnama
184 -
Skudai • Kg. Berembang
• Kg. Lembah Jaya
• Kg. Laut Bt. 10
• Kg. Jaya Sepakat
• Taman. Tan Yoke Fong
• Kg. Pertanian Kulai
• Kg. Separa
• Tanah Rezab KTM Bt. 19
• Kg. Tasar Senai
• Kg. Jaya Sepakat
• Kg. Pasir Senai
• Kg. Sri Maju
3,452
1,502
1,992
3. Sungai
Masai
• Kg. Sepakat
• Kg. Masjid
• Kg. Sentosa Damai
• Kg. Cahaya Baru
1,116 -
3 Sungai Pontian Besar 29,000 47
4 Sungai Kempas - -
14 - 11

SECTION B
PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION
No River Location Affected Flooding
people
4. Sungai
Plentong
• Kg. Plentong Baru 120 -
D. Application of MASMA
The MASMA Manual for run-off design promotes environmentally friendly
solutions and should be made applicable to any development in Johor
Bahru.
5. Others • Kg. Oren
• Jalan Air Molek
• Kg. Mohd. Amin
• Rumah Murah Melati,
Ulu Tiram
500 Every 2
years
TOTAL 8,966
Sources: Laporan Banjir Disember 2001, JPS Johor & Media
E. Rehabilitation of Major River and Straits of Johor
Major rehabilitation of rivers such as Sungai Skudai and Sungai Tebrau
should be carried out to prevent erosion and siltation caused by the
construction of major embankment work, to improve water quality.
This work should also be carried out along the coastal areas of SJER
stretching from east to west.
The main reason of flooding in this area is due to insufficient capacity to
receive the additional discharge. Some of the rivers meander and as a
result, siltation easily occurs at the river mouth, causing flood. The situation
become worse when there is heavy rain and high spring tide. The rapid
pace of development within the district of Johor Bahru also contributes
to the flooding at the river basin area, as insufficient drainage causes
blockages and flash flood.
Illegal Squatters Within The Reserve
of Sungai Skudai
Example of an Embankment Work
The presence of illegal squatters within the river reserve areas, especially
at Sungai Skudai and Sungai Tebrau, can also contribute to flooding, as it
impedes maintenance work by the drainage department. In addition this
results in unpleasant views along the rivers and poor water quality due to
the disposal of domestic waste by the illegal squatters.
Figure 14.4: Application of Sustainable Drainage
Grass area
Absorbs rain water
into the ground
C. New Target of Projection and Commitment
The rate of land conversion in SJER is quite high. As sites cleared for
development, this may result in an increase in surface run off and peak
flows that can easily cause flooding; especially at the river estuary. Many
rivers have been narrowed due to land development and subsequent
Rain water
harvesting
Gravel
Trench’
Soakaway
Pit’
Porous road
surface
Swale
Gross pollutant
Trap
(GPT)
Traps waste
Retention
Pond and
‘Wetland’
Retain surface
run-off water
water
earthworks, and may need to be widened and maintained. In relation
to this there must be sufficient river reserve to ensure effective river
management. The reserve could be used for recreational purposes and
Source: SJER CDP 2025
to provide more green areas.
14 - 12

URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE CHAPTER 14 | PART 4
F. Retention and Detention Pond
The application of MASMA standards in SJER will result in a greater
emphasis on providing retention and detention ponds or lakes to
improve water quality, minimize flooding and improve the quality of the
environment. The water in the ponds or lakes can be used to dilute rivers
especially during dry season.
G. Installation of Silt Traps
UI 7 :
UI 8 :
UI 9 :
KEY DIRECTION
The need for sustainable sewerage system in SJER.
All new housing development to be connected to the ecofriendly
centralized sewerage system (CSS).
All land made available for Sewerage Treatment Plants must
be primarily reserved and designated for public purposes.
Silt traps should also be constructed in many tributaries especially at the
new development areas.
H. Guidelines for Sustainable Storm Water Drainage & Flood Mitigation
• Install trash racks or screens to trap debris/litter;
• Allow for buffer strips and grass swales to protect water source
from contamination by nearby development precinct.;
A. Existing Sewerage System
Sewerage waste in the District of Johor Bahru comes from both public
and private sewerage plants, individual septic tanks (IST), primitive
systems (villages and illegal squatters) and untreated discharge
from households. As Indah Water Konsortium is only responsible for
maintaining public treatment plants, many other forms of treatment
plants are currently not properly maintained.
• Install GPT and oil/grease traps in major drains at strategic
locations;
• Install series of bio-retention /infiltration porous systems for storm
water to get back into the ground;
• Install buried drainage pipes to cater for major storm; and
• Install water collection equipment, storage and pump for recycle
storm water as non-potable water.
Sewerage Treatment Plant at Taman Suria Johor Bahru
For land under development which has a gradient of less than 30º
but greater than 25º, geo-technical analysis, analysis on contour and
drainage pattern and an EIA study should be included. All hill slopes
have to be closely turfed after cutting.
14.9 Sewerage
The Department of Sewerage Southern Region (JPP) is the government
agency responsible for the management of sewerage in the District
of Johor Bahru. Meanwhile operation and maintenance services is
carried out by a concession company, Indah Water Konsortium (IWK).
The process of taking over maintenance work has been carried out
progressively by JPP since 1995. Untill now only the areas under the City
Council of Johor Bahru and areas outside of Municipality Councils have
not been taken over.
14 - 13

SECTION B
PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION
B. Public and Private Treatment Plants
There are more than 797 treatment plants all over SJER. This is indicated
in the table below:
No
Table 14.17: Location of Treatment Plants and Population Equivalent,
PE in MBJB
Location
Treatment Plans
Category
1 Flat Jln Lumba Kuda IT
Nos
Population
Equivalent,
PE
2 Taman. Sentosa OP 1 11530
3 Taman. Sri Tebrau IT 54 270
4 Flat Stulang Laut RBC
5 Taman Permas Jaya - Fasa 1 OP 2 22030
6 Taman Desa Harmoni OD 1 7085
7 Taman Suria OP/IT 1 5195
8 Taman Perbadanan Islam IT 145 725
9 Taman Gembira OP 1 2560
10 Taman Delima OP 1 3545
11 Taman Siantan OD 1 2800
12 Taman Kempas OP 1 5365
13 Taman Bukit Kempas OP 1 2065
14 Taman Anggerik OP 1 5160
15 Kg. Dato’ Onn IT 164 820
16 Taman Dato’ Onn IT 88 440
17 Taman Perindustrian Tampoi Jaya IT 112 560
18 Kg. Dato’ Onn Jaafar IT 47 235
19 Flat Larkin FBDA
20 Taman Per.Ringan Summerwell IT 171 855
21 Bandar Baru Uda OD 1 10375
22 Taman Kolam Air FBDA/EA 1 625
23 Taman Megah Ria OD 1 17095
24 Taman Kota Puteri OP 1 10430
25 Taman Rinting OP 1 13285
Source: Majlis Bandaraya Johor Bahru, 2003
Note: PE = Population Equivalent
TOTAL 797 123,050
Table 14.18: Location of Treatment Plants and PE in MPJBT
No Location Treatment Plans Population
Category No
Equivalent, PE
1 Taman Jaya IT 3 960
2 Taman Skudai Baru OP 2 23875
NPS 5 22515
3 Taman Damai Jaya OP 1 1500
4 Desa Skudai OP 1 2600
EA 2 5580
5 Taman Abadi IT 1 2082
6 Taman Sri Putri OPPS 1 6735
NPS 1 3810
7 Impian Mas SBR 1 5725
8 Taman U. Tun Aminah ITPS 13 12731
IT 8 7560
9 Taman Selesa Jaya AL 2 9150
NPS 3 3000
10 Lima Kedai CST 24 1695
EA 1 1275
11 Taman Timur OP 1 1580
AB 1 485
12 Taman Tan Sri Yaakob OD 1 5863
13 Taman Melawati EA 1 2705
14 Taman Sri Orkid SBR 1 3520
15 Taman Mutiara Rini EA 1 4375
16 Taman Jaya Mas SBR 1 2201
NPS 1 200
17 Taman D’ Utama EA 1 755
18 Taman Permata EA 1 680
19 Taman Sutera AS 1 6220
NPS 1 6785
20 Taman Perling OPPS 1 9910
NPS 1 3540
21 Taman Sri Pulai OP 1 11630
NPS 2 2000
22 Taman Universiti OPPS 1 6590
OP 3 25760
NPS 2 2000
14 - 14

URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE CHAPTER 14 | PART 4
No Location Treatment Plans Population
Equivalent, PE
Category No
23 Taman Teratai OPPS 1 6240
24 Bandar Kangkar Pulai OD 1 14000
25 Pulai EA 1 1380
26 Taman Bkt. Tiram OP 1 2460
27 R. Murah Kg. Oren CST 32 2856
28 Taman Desa Jaya OPPS 2 13678
OP 1 8190
29 Taman Puteri Wangsa OD 3 31786
NPS 1 3240
30 Taman Bkt. Jaya UASB 1 6345
31 Taman Desa Cemerlang OD 2 20120
NPS 2 11670
32 Taman Desa Tebrau OD 1 3261
33 Taman Pelangi Indah SBR 1 27333
NPS 1 875
34 Taman Gaya NPS 1 870
TF 1 1375
35 Taman Ria ITPS 3 1300
UASB 1 804
36 R. Awam Plentong CST 4 615
37 Bdr. Sri Alam OP 3 17318
OD 1 4264
NPS 4 13400
EA 1 21430
38 Taman Perind. Sri Plentong EA 1 3892
39 Taman Bkt. Indah EA 1 19125
TOTAL 163 449,459
Sources : IWK, Unit Perancangan Wilayah Selatan, 2002
Note : PE = Population Equivalent
Table 14.19: Location of Treatment Plants and PE in MPKu
Bil Location Treatment Plans Population
Equivalent,
Category Bil
PE
1 R. A. Kulai OP 1 785
5 Taman Manis OD 1 5200
6 Taman Sentul HK 1 790
7 Taman Sri Sentosa SBR 1 600
8 Taman Damai EA 1 1670
9 Taman Saleng Indah EA 1 1565
10 Taman Puteri Kulai OD 1 2705
OP 1 1790
11 Taman Ria EA 1 794
12 Taman Bintang Uta.
(Fasa 2A)
13 Bandar Indahpura –
Zon 28
EA 1 1025
EA 1 9905
14 Taman Mutiara ITPS 1 845
15 Taman Angkasa EA 1 1780
16 Taman Desa Kulai EA 1 1780
17 Taman Muhibbah OD 1 5745
NPS 2 4735
18 Kaw. Perindustrian Senai 3 OD 1 2500
19 Kaw. Per. Murni Senai TF 1 878
20 Taman Sepakat Jaya BF 1 760
21 Taman Makmur OPPS 1 2370
22 Kaw. Per. Senai 3 & 4 EA 1 1185
23 R. A. Kelapa Sawit CST 13 1140
TOTAL 40 60,727
Sources: IWK, Unit Perancangan Wilayah Selatan, 2002
Note: PE = Population Equivalent
14 - 15

SECTION B
PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION
C. Individual Septic Tank (IST)
Table 14.20: IST in the SJER, 2002
Local Authority
Majlis Bandaraya Johor Bahru 10,534 52,670
Majlis Perbandaran Johor Bahru
Tengah
Bil
IST
PE
31,693 158,465
Majlis Daerah Kulai 16,211 81,055
TOTAL 58,438 292,190
Sources: IWK, Unit Perancangan Wilayah Selatan, 2002
Note: PE = Population Equivalent
D. Existing Requirements
SJER lacks a modern sewerage system and most households rely on
individual septic tanks in the city of Johor Bahru. This is main source of
pollution for many of the rivers in SJER and measures need to be taken
to resolve this issue.
Table 14.21: Demand of Sewerage System in the SJER
Local Authority
Majlis Bandaraya Johor
Bahru
Majlis Perbandaran Johor
Bahru Tengah
Population Equivalent, PE
Existing Demand Balance
175,720 577,413 -401,693
607,924 521,354 86,570
Majlis Daerah Kulai 141,782 161,326 -19,544
TOTAL 925,426 1,260,093
Sources: Source: SJER CDP 2025
E. Projection of Land Required for Sewerage Treatment Plan
The future sewerage treatment system shall be mechanical and a total
land area of 195 acres will be required by the year 2025.
Table 14.22: Projected Land Requirements for Sewerage Treatment
Plants
City
Council
Required Land For Sewerage Treatment Plan (acres)
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
MBJB 26 30 32 38 47 59
MPJBT 24 29 35 46 60 75
MPKu 8 8 9 11 14 17
PDJB 10 11 12 14 18 22
PBTPG 3 10 12 15 18 22
SJER 72 88 100 124 156 195
Note: Land for Mechanical Sewerage Treatment Plant
F. Proposal For Eco-Friendly Sewerage Treatment
The proposed sewerage treatment system for SJER combines both
primary and biological treatment in order to ensure effluent complies
with Standard A of the Environmental Quality Regulations (Sewage
and Industrial Effluent), 1979 and Class 1 of the National Water Quality
Standard before being discharged into any rivers or water bodies.
The Up Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket/Continuous Sequencing Batch
Reaction (UASB/CSBR) treatment system shall be adopted for primary
treatment.
The UASB reactor is an anaerobic biological treatment system requiring
no energy to operate. The sewage is anaerobically digested with
potential Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) reductions of 50% to 70%.
Methane gas generated from the process shall be stored to be used to
generate power for the plant.
14 - 16

URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE CHAPTER 14 | PART 4
Figure 14.5: Example of a Centralised Mechanical Sewerage System
H. Proposed Sewerage Treatment and Its Cost
Majidee, Bandar Nusajaya, Kulai and Tanjung Langsat have been
identified for proposed centralised sewerage treatment plant. These
sites are located within the various local planning authority areas and
will cost a total of RM 339,575.000.
Coarse
Screen Fine
Screen
Pumping main
from Vacum
Station/Pumping
Station
Grit/
Grease
Removal
Chamber
Sludge
Drying
Beds
air pipe
Equalisation
on tank
Waste
Activated
Sludge
air flow
Anaerobic
Upflow
Sludge
Blanket
Reactor
SBR
Tank
Waste
Sludge
Sludge
Pumping
Chamber
By Pass Line
U.V
Disinfect
Ion
Rotary
Drum
Thickene
R
Centrifu
GE
Wetland for
Effluent Polishing
Sludge
Storage
Final
Effluent
Disposal/
Reuse
Table 14.23: Proposed Project Cost for Sewage System
Zone 1 – MBJB
No. Project Location Project Cost Proposed Agency
1 Proposed main
sewerage pipe lines
9,450,000 JPP/IWK
2 Proposed manhole 4,725,000 JPP/IWK
3 Proposed central
mechanical
sewerage treatment
plan
Majidee 126,000,000 JPP/IWK
Total 140,175,000
Zone 2 – MPJBT
No. Project Location Project Cost Proposed Agency
Source: SJER CDP 2025
1 Proposed main
sewerage pipe lines
4,410,000 JPP/IWK
2 Proposed manhole 2,205,000 JPP/IWK
3 Proposed central
mechanical
sewerage treatment
plan
Bandar
Nusajaya
63,000,000 JPP/IWK
Total 69,615,000
Zone 3 – MPKu
No. Project Location Project Cost Proposed Agency
Examples of Centralised Mechanical Sewerage System
G. Industrial Waste
The handling of industrial sewage must also follow the set guidelines
and policies. A detailed study must be conducted for all industrial
facilities which discharge industrial waste. All samples from the operator
or the owner of the industrial facility must be handed over to the local
authorities for control purposes.
1 Proposed main
sewerage pipe lines
1,890,000 JPP/IWK
2 Proposed manhole 945,000 JPP/IWK
3 Proposed central
mechanical
sewerage treatment
plan
Kulai 63,000,000 JPP/IWK
Total 65,835,000
Zone 5 - PBT Pasir Gudang
No. Project Location Project Cost Proposed Agency
1 Proposed main
sewerage pipe lines
900,000 JPP/IWK
2 Proposed manhole 50,000 JPP/IWK
14 - 17

SECTION B
PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION
3 Proposed central
mechanical
sewerage treatment
plan
Tanjung
Langsat
Total 63,950,000
Grand Total for
Sewerage System
63,000,000 JPP/IWK
339,575,000
Table 14.24: Generated Solid Waste in Johor Bahru
Item
Solid Waste
(Tone/year)
Demand
of Sanitary
landfill
(acre)
Existing
Sanitary
land
(acre)
Balance
Sanitary Land
(acre)
Domestic 146,146 80.3 n/a n/a
Source: SJER CDP 2025
Industry &
Commercial
43,844 24.1 n/a n/a
14.10 Solid Waste
TOTAL 189,990 104.3 212.5 108.2
Solid Waste is increasingly becoming an important urban challege.
If left unchecked, solid waste could lead to severe environmental
degradation. Solid waste generated in housing, commercial and
industrial areas should be collected according to clear schedules to
avoid unnecessary odour and pollution. It will also help to prevent
open burning. Solid waste must also be managed from source and
upon collection must be sorted, recycled and disposed of in a safe,
environmentally sensitive manner.
KEY DIRECTION
UI 10 Set targets for waste reduction
UI 11 Create a balanced waste-management strategy i.e. a no
net/export level of solid waste by 2025.
A. Existing Situation
The collection and disposal of solid waste in SJER is handled by Southern
Waste Management Sdn. Bhd. (SWM) except for the Pasir Gudang area
which is handled by Pasir Gudang Local Authority. The collection and
disposal of toxic waste is supervised by the Department of Environment
and all scheduled toxic waste is send to Bukit Nenas for disposal.
B. Solid Waste Disposal
A total of 189.990 tonnes of solid waste is generated each year in SJER.
Currently this solid waste is disposed in 212.5 acres of landfill areas within
SJER. With the current waste generated, there is a balance of 108.2
acres of land left at current landfill sites.
Table 14.25: Sanitary Landfill in Johor Bahru
Sanitary Landfill
Seelong Selatan, Km 23,
Jalan Tiram-Kulai
Area
(acre)
Life Span
Sources: SUKJ Cawangan Kerajaan Tempatan, 2003
C. Transfer Station
Method of Disposal
212.5 5 years (2008) Sanitary Landfill
Within SJER, before waste is sent to the centralized waste disposal area
at Seelong Selatan, it is kept temporarily at a transfer station in Jalan
Taruka, Larkin, Johor Bahru. The waste is then transferred in large 12
tonne-capacity containers to Seelong Selatan which is about 12 km
away. This transfer station has the capacity to store and transfer waste
of approximately 856 tonnes per day.
D. Recycle
In order to reduce the environmental impact of waste disposal,
recycling has been introduced. This has reduced non bio-gradable
waste disposed at the disposal site.
There are 108 recycling centres within Johor Bahru City Council and
Majlis Perbandaran Johor Bahru Tengah, each providing different
containers to separate paper, tin cans and glass.
14 - 18

URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE CHAPTER 14 | PART 4
Transfer Station Jalan Taruka, Larkin
Table 14.26: Location of Recycling Centres in Johor Bahru
Local Authority
Majlis Bandaraya
Johor Bahru
Locations
1. ESSO, Jalan Kebun Teh
2. Bandar baru UDA
3. Bangunan D’ Stulang
4. Gerai Makan Hutan Bandar
5. Injaya Sdn. Bhd. – stesyen minyak
6. Jabatan Lanskap MBJB
7. BP Jalan Tebrau
8. kompleks bebas Cukai
9. Kompleks kedai Permas Jaya
10. Kompleks Tun Abdul Razak
11. Shell Jalan Sawmill
12. Maktab Sultan Abu Bakar
13. City Square
14. Pejabat Kesihatan Daerah
15. Pejabat MBJB
16. Pejabat Penguasa MBJB
17. Pejabat SUK Johor
18. MOBILE Jalan Sri Pelangi
19. CALTEX Jalan Tun Razak
20. Pintu masuk Kompleks Kastam
21. Pintu keluar Kompleks Kastam
22. Plaza Angsana
23. Pondok Menunggu Bas Hadapan MBJB
24. Puasat Penjaja Taman Sri Tebrau
25. Restoren Singgah Selalu
26. RTM Johor Bahru
27. Sek. Agama BBU
28. Sek. Keb. Air Molek
29. Sek. Keb. BBU II
30. Sek. Keb. Convent JB
31. Sek. Keb. Jenis (T) Jalan Yahya Awal
32. Sek. Keb. Kg. Pasir
Local Authority
Majlis Perbandaran
Johor Bahru Tengah
Locations
33. Sek. Keb. Khir Johari
34. Sek. Keb. Kompleks UDA
35. Sek. Keb. Larkin 1
36. Sek. Keb. Nong Chik
37. Sek. Keb. Taman Pelangi
38. Sek. Keb. Taman Puteri
39. Sek. Keb. Temenggung Abd. Rahman 1
40. Sek. Keb. Temenggung Abd. Rahman 2
41. Sek. Men. Keb. (P) Sultan Ibrahim
42. Sek. Men. Keb. Aminuddin Baki
43. Sek. Men. Keb. BBU
44. Sek. Men. Keb. Sultan Ismail
45. Sek. Men. Keb. TUTA
46. Sek. Ren. Jenis Keb. (C) Foon Yeu 1
47. Seng Motor Sdn. Bhd.
48. Sithiam Brothers Sdn. Bhd.
49. Tandas Awam Stulang Laut
50. Tapak Penjaja
51. XTRA Hypermarket
1. Giant Cash & Carry Sdn. Bhd.
2. Pengawas Pengurusan Harta MPJBT
3. Pusat Beli Belah
4. Sek. Agama Bandar Selesa Jaya
5. Sek. Agama Sri Perling 2
6. Sek. Agama TUTA
7. Sek. Agama Taman Universiti 1
8. Sek. Keb. Gelang Patah
9. Sek. Keb. Kangkar Pulai
10. Sek. Keb. Skudai Baru
11. Sek. Keb. Skudai Batu 10
12. Sek. Keb. Sri Perling 2
13. Sek. Keb. Taman Damai Jaya
14. Sek. Keb. Desa Cemerlang
15. Sek. Keb. Desa Jaya
16. Sek. Keb. Johor Jaya 1
17. Sek. Keb. Johor Jaya 2
18. Sek. Keb. Mutiara Rini
19. Sek. Keb. Taman Perling
20. Sek. Keb. Taman Puteri Wangsa
21. Sek. Keb. Selesa Jaya
22. Sek. Keb. Sri Skudai
23. Sek. Keb. TUTA 1
24. Sek. Keb. TUTA 2
25. Sek. Keb. Taman Universiti 1
26. Sek. Keb. Taman Universiti 2
27. Sek. Keb. Taman Universiti 4
28. Sek. Keb. Ulu Tiram
29. Sek. Men. Agama Johor Jaya
30. Sek. Men. Keb. Dato’ Pengawa Timur
31. Sek. Men. Keb. Gelang Patah
32. Sek. Men. Keb. Skudai Baru
33. Sek. Men. Keb. Sri Perling 2
34. Sek. Men. Keb. TUTA
35. Sek. Men. Keb. Skudai
36. Sek. Men. Keb. Sri Perling
37. Sek. Men. Keb. Johor Jaya 1
38. Sek. Men. Keb. Johor Jaya 2
39. Sek. Men. Keb. Mutiara Rini
40. Sek. Men. Keb. Sri Pulai
41. Sek. Men. Keb. Taman Universiti
42. Sek. Men. Keb. Ulu Tiram
14 - 19

SECTION B
PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION
Local Authority
Locations
(con’t)
43. Sek. Ren. Jenis Keb. (C) Kuo Kuang 1
44. Sek. Ren. Jenis Keb. (C) Meng Terk
45. Sek. Ren. Jenis Keb. (C) Ching Yeh
46. Sek. Ren. Jenis Keb. (C) Kuo Kuang 2
47. Sek. Ren. Jenis Keb. (C) Masai
48. Sek. Ren. Jenis Keb. (C) Pei Hua
49. Sek. Ren. Jenis Keb. (C) Ping Ming
50. Sek. Ren. Jenis Keb. (C) Plentong
51. Sek. Ren. Jenis Keb. (C) Pu Sze
52. Sek. Ren. Jenis Keb. (C) Ulu Tiram
53. Sek. Ren. Jenis Keb. (T) Ladang Rini
54. Sek. Ren. Jenis Keb. (T) Masai
55. Sek. Ren. Jenis Keb. (T) TUTA
56. Sek. Ren. Jenis Keb. (T) Kangkar Pulai
57. Terminal Bas TUTA
Table 14.28: Projected Land Requirements for Solid Waste Disposal
- Sanitary Landfill
Item 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
Total
(acre)
Domestic 65.3 80.3 91.3 113.4 142.1 177.9 670.2
Industry &
Commercial
19.6 24.1 27.4 34.0 42.6 53.4 201.1
Total 84.8 104.3 118.6 147.5 184.7 231.3 871.3
Existing
Sanitary Land
n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 212.5
Additional Sanitary Land until Year 2025 (658.8)
Source: SJER CDP 2025
Source: SJER CDP 2025
Table 14.29: Projected Land for Incinerator
E. Projected Generation of Solid Waste
Solid waste generation is expected to increase with an expanding
population base and increasing economic activity. As an indication,
waste generated by commercial and industrial activity generally hovers
at around 30% of domestic waste generated.
Item 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
Total
(acre)
Domestic 13.1 16.1 18.3 22.7 28.4 35.6 134.0
Industry &
Commercial
3.9 4.8 5.5 6.8 8.5 10.7 40.2
Total 17.0 20.9 23.7 29.5 36.9 46.3 174.3
Existing Sanitary Land 212.5
Table 14.27: Projected Generation of Solid Waste in SJER
Item 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
Domestic
(tone/year)
Industry &
Commercial
(tone/year)
118,854 146,146 166,201 206,561 258,790 324,000
35,656 43,844 49,860 61,968 77,637 97,200
TOTAL 154,510 189,989 216,062 268,529 336,426 421,200
Source: SJER CDP 2025
Balance 38.25
Source: SJER CDP 2025
F. Proposal
A centralised waste disposal system using waste-to-energy plants is
proposed to manage solid waste disposal in SJER, to address limited
land resources and to allow for extraction of energy from solid waste
disposed.
Recycling centres must be increased in number and should be located
at convenient public places to encourage a higher rate of recycling
among local communities.
All industries that generate toxic waste must be licensed by the
Department of Environment and by local authorities.
There should be sufficient waste disposal sites and a study should be
conducted to identify suitable locations.
14 - 20

URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE CHAPTER 14 | PART 4
D. Solid Waste Management Project and Its Cost
Sustainable waste management shall be implemented at three levels
namely at the domestic/household, community and city levels. This
involves separation at source (recycling) and using waste as alternative
energy source.
Table 14.30: Projected Cost for Solid Waste Management
Bil. Project Location Proposed Agency Project Cost
▼ Waste To Energy Plant
One long-term objective is to convert waste into an alternative source
of energy. A Waste to Energy plant needs to be constructed within SJER.
A waste to energy plant burns waste to produce electricity and in this
manner, it will reduce the amount of waste that needs to be buried in
landfills, while producing electricity that can be sold to the main grid.
Japan burns 62% of its solid waste by means of waste to energy plants,
while Switzerland burns 58% and USA 14% .
1 Proposed transfer
station for non
toxic waste
2 Proposed transfer
station for toxic
waste
3 Proposed recycle
centre
4 Proposed central
incinerator
5 Maintenance
and
improvement on
existing ex-waste
disposal site
Jalan Taruka,
Nusajaya
SWM/SJER 20,000,000
Pasir Gudang SJER 20,000,000
SJER 20,000,000
Seelong SJER 126,000,000
Tiram, Pasir
Gudang, Kulai,
Jalan Taruka
SWM/SJER 40,000,000
New technology is emerging such as thermal technology which
produces less pollution than traditional incinerators. The new plants are
also able to treat clinical waste and hazardous waste which can only
be destroyed by very high temperatures.
▼ Eco Friendly Landfill
Landfill technology has also evolved whereby landfill sites are lined,
well-treated and managed to ensure no leakage. SJER intends to adopt
such systems.
Source: SJER CDP 2025
Grand Total for Solid Waste 226,000,000
▼ Waste Separation at Source
Separation at source shall be implemented at household and
community level. At the household level, each residential unit shall be
equipped with two waste bins segregating wet and dry waste. This shall
be incorporated in the design of the units. In addition, grinders shall be
incorporated with kitchen sinks so that food waste shall first be meshed
before being disposed off into the sewerage system.
At the community level, recycling centre shall be located at community
centres and recycling bins at strategic location.
14 - 21

SECTION B
PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION
Landfill gas
collection well
Final cap
Landfill gas
monitoring probe
Groundwater
monitoring well
Landfill gas as
energy source
Landfill
gas flared
Perimeter
drainage
Leachate removal
to treatment
/disposal
Leachate
extraction
riser
Leachate
containment
liner
Completed
landfill
Operating
landfill
Final vegetated profile
Surface water
diversion barrier
Working face
Completed Daily/
cell intermediate
cover
Undisturbed foundation
Groundwater table
Leachate
collection
system
Stormwater from
construction to ponds
Clean
stormwater
diversion
Existing
landform
Excavated
base grade
Landfill gas
monitoring probe
Groundwater
monitoring well
14.11 Information and Communication Technology
In line with the government’s objective of promoting information and
communication technology (ICT) usage, this will be an area of focus for
SJER.
A. Existing Situation
The tables illustrate the rate of internet penetration and ICT usage in
Malaysia.
Table 14.31: Internet (Dial-Up) Customers in Malaysia, (1995-2001)
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Customer
(million)
0.014 0.064 0.205 0.405 0.668 1.659 2.115 2,614
Growth (%) - 357.7 220.3 97.6 64.9 148.4 27.5 23.6
Penetration 0.1 0.3 0.9 1.8 2.9 7.1 8.8 10.5
Sources: Suruhanjaya Komunikasi Dan Multimedia, 2001
Table 14.32: Selected Information ICT in Malaysia, (1995-2000)
Legend 1995 2000
Telex customers 6,578 3,105
Personal computers 610,000 2,200,000
Personal computer for every 1,000 population 29.5 95.7
Telephone line for every 1,000 population 161.07 204.76
Example of Land fill sites in New Zealand which is also used partly as a Park
Telephone customers 3,332,447 4,650,410
Mobile phone 700,000 2,265,000
Total internet customers 13,064 1,157,384
Total internet users 30,000 4,000,000
Sources: Suruhanjaya Komunikasi dan Multimedia, PIKOM, World Development
Report, 1999/2000 and World Competitiveness Yearbook, 2000.
Johor State has 78,000 Internet users in the year 2000, with a penetration
rate of 3% (based on the total population size). This is very low
compared to Kuala Lumpur and Selangor, which have penetration
rates of 10% and 8% respectively.
14 - 22

URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE CHAPTER 14 | PART 4
Table 14.33: Internet User by State, 2000
State Customer %
Customer
in 1,000
population
Selangor 335,262 38.2 84.9
W. P. Kuala Lumpur 134,870 15.4 103.9
Johor 77,747 8.8 30.3
Pulau Pinang 63,648 7.3 51.9
Perak 55,345 6.3 27.3
Sarawak 43,219 5 21.5
Sabah 40,692 4.6 16.6
Kedah 28,494 3.2 18.1
Negeri Sembilan 22,373 2.6 27.0
State Customer %
Customer
in 1,000
population
Pahang 21,682 2.5 18.0
Melaka 17,234 2 28.6
Kelantan 16,101 1.8 12.5
Terengganu 15,041 1.7 17.1
Perlis 3,710 0.4 18.7
Wilayah Persekutuan Labuan 1,355 0.2 19.2
Malaysia 876,773 * 100 39.5
Sources: Suruhanjaya Komunikasi Dan Multimedia, 2000
Note: * Maxisnet not included
B. Existing ICT Infrastructure
The quality of SJER’s ICT infrastructure is relatively poor in comparison
with the existing infrastructure at the Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC).
Johor (in addition to Penang) is targeted to have a comparable quality
of infrastructure by 2010 under the second phase of the MSC national
roll out plan. This should help to drive adoption of high speed internet
access, or broadband.
C. Personal Computer Ownership
The number of personal computers in SJER in 2003 stood at 305,227,
which implies a penetration of 24.4% of the total population of SJER. This
is expected to increase to 775,415 by the year 2025.
Table 14.34: Number of PC Owners in SJER, 2003
Local Authority
PC Owner
Majlis Bandaraya Johor Bahru (MBJB) 138,140
Majlis Perbandaran Johor Bahru Tengah (MPJBT) 107,500
Pihak Berkuasa Perancang Tempatan Daerah Johor Bahru
(PBPTDJB)
35,011
Majlis Daerah Kulai (MDK) 12,479
PBT Pasir Gudang (PBTPG) 12,097
TOTAL 305,227
Source: SJER CDP 2025
Table 14.35: Projected PC Ownership in SJER, 2003-2020
Local
Authority
2003 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
MBJB 138,140 155,960 166,565 200,378 246,465 308,574
MPJBT 107,500 126,850 153,108 201,643 264,757 331,476
MDK 12,479 13,814 14,947 17,996 22,261 27,827
PBPTDJB 35,011 38,127 41,482 48,078 58,943 73,679
PBTPG 12,097 15,000 18,675 23,213 27,044 33,859
TOTAL 305,227 349,752 394,778 491,309 619,471 775,415
Source: SJER CDP 2025
The level of ICT adoption in SJER can be measured through three
different indicators, which are the ownership of personal computers,
the rate of Internet access and also the level of IT literacy.
14 - 23

SECTION B
PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION
D. Internet Penetration
With regards to Internet usage, 143,064 people had access to the
Internet in 2003 and this is expected to increase to 373,275 by the year
2025.
Table 14.36: Number of Internet Users in the SJER, 2003
E. ICT literacy
The number IT literate users in SJER is 251,967, which translates into 20.1%
of the total population in 2003 and this is expected to increase to 80% in
the year 2025.
Table 14.38: IT Literacy Rate, 2003
Local Authority
Internet Owner
Local Authority
IT Literate
Majlis Bandaraya Johor Bharu (MBJB) 62,163
Majlis Perbandaran Johor Bahru Tengah (MPJBT) 60,200
Majlis Bandaraya Johor Bahru (MBJB) 103,605
Majlis Perbandaran Johor Bahru Tengah (MPJBT) 83,850
Pihak Berkuasa Perancang Tempatan Daerah Johor Bahru
(PBPTDJB)
9,803
Pihak Berkuasa Perancang Tempatan Daerah
Johor Bahru (PBPTDJB)
19,256
Majlis Daerah Kulai (MDK) 4,118
PBT Pasir Gudang (PBTPG) 6,779
Source: SJER CDP 2025
TOTAL 143,063
Table 14.37: Projected Internet Usage in the SJER, 2003-2020
Local
Authority
2003 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
MBJB 62,163 70,182 74,954 90,170 110,909 138,858
MPJBT 60,200 71,036 85,740 112,920 148,264 185,627
MDK 4,118 4,559 4,932 5,939 7,346 9,183
PBPTDJB 9,803 10,675 11,615 13,462 16,504 20,630
PBTPG 6,780 8,407 10,467 13,010 15,157 18,977
TOTAL 143,064 164,859 187,709 235,501 298,181 373,275
Source: SJER CDP 2025
Majlis Daerah Kulai (MDK) 3,618
PBT Pasir Gudang (PBTPG) 41,638
TOTAL 251,967
Source: SJER CDP 2025
F. Proposal
The development of the ICT infrastructure in SJER should be inline with
the vision and strategy of the State of Johor’s ICT blueprint. As far
as the ICT infrastructure is concerned, private sector participation is
encouraged, through the implementation of new and cost-effective
technology. It is also important that access to worldwide network is
made available. To promote a participative society, an awareness
initiative is necessary to ensure an effective utilisation of infrastructure. It
is proposed that:
■ The broadband coverage is increased to meet the State’s target
for 100% broadband in Homes,
■ The application of wireless Internet technology is enhanced; inline
with the State vision for a Wireless City,
■ further initiatives in the MSC rollout, subsequent to the creation of
a Cybercentre at Menara MSC Cyberport, Johor Bahru
■ Proposed village ICT (k-Centre) in community centres within SJER.
14 - 24

URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE CHAPTER 14 | PART 4
14.12 Gas Supply
Natural gas is used primarily for power generation (65%) in Malaysia. 24%
of natural gas produced is used in heavy industry, 4% is used in housing,
commercial and industrial areas and the remaining 7% is exported.
Petronas Gas Berhad is responsible for the transmission of gas and for
ensuring sufficient supply of gas.
Figure 14.6: Gas Distribution in Malaysia
A. Existing Gas Supply in SJER
Natural gas is supplied mainly to the industrial areas in Plentong, Tebrau,
Larkin, Tampoi, Kulai and Senai. However, the ‘City Gas System’ has
not been extended to non industrial consumers, and most houses and
restaurants use gas distributed in small cylinders, while hotel and some
industrial users receive gas in bulb shaped cylinders. As of today there
are four odoriser stations which are in Kulai, Senai, Permas Jaya and
Pasir Gudang, with a total capacity of 177,100 (sm 2 /Hr).
Table 14.39: Odouriser Stations and its Capacity
Location Odoriser Station Capacity (sm 2 /Hr)
Johor Bahru Permas Jaya Odoriser Station 70,000
Senai Senai Odoriser Station 8,100
Kulai Kulai Odoriser Station 29,000
Pasir Gudang Pasir Gudang Odoriser Station 70,000
TOTAL 177,100
Source: Gas Malaysia Berhad, 2003
B. Supply and Demand
Source: Gas Malaysia Berhad
The supply and distribution of gas for commercial purposes is fairly
advanced, with gas being supplied via pipelines to factories and other
gas consumers. Natural gas is distributed by Gas Malaysia Berhad
through a medium pressure piping system placed along road reserves.
The natural gas is obtained from the Petronas Supply Centre in the east
coast of Malaysia and these pipes run to the southern region of Johor,
supplying gas to Johor Bahru, Pasir Gudang and Singapore.
Demand for gas is currently quite low and expected to remain so.
Demand for gas in year 2010 is projected at only 88 units (cubic metre).
Table 14.40: Projected Demand for Gas (cubic metre)
Location Sector 2002 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
Plentong,
Tebrau,
Larkin,
Tampoi
Senai
Domestic 0 - - - - -
Commercial 0 9 34 44 57 75
Industry 0 19 30 39 51 66
Domestic - - - - - -
Commercial - - - - - -
This study of gas supply and distribution in the SJER area mainly
concentrates on the consumption of gas by the housing, commercial
and industrial sectors.
Kulai
Pasir
Gudang
Industry 1 8 14 18 24 31
Domestic - - - - - -
Commercial - - - - - -
Industry 1 1 1 1 2 2
Domestic - - - - - -
Commercial 1 2 3 3 4 6
Industry 2 5 7 8 11 14
TOTAL 5 44 88 115 149 194
Sources: Gas Malaysia Berhad, 2003
14 - 25

SECTION B
PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION
C. System Development
The following recommendations are proposed:
■ Provide gas piping system for all sectors (industrial, commercial
and residential);
■ Extend area of coverage for “City Gas System”; and
■ Gas pipes should use the common “service utility tunnel”.
As a minimum, Gas Malaysia should implement a gas piping network in
future large developments. A comprehensive piping system in housing
areas should also be promoted.
D. Gas Supply Strategies
It is recommended that a strategic plan should be prepared by SJER
to identify all the utility providers. The gas distribution system should
cover major development areas such as Tanjung Pelepas Port, Pasir
Gudang Port, Johor Bahru City Centre and Senai Cargo Hub, as well as
supporting development areas, such Bandar Nusajaya and Danga Bay.
SJER should promote the use of piped gas in new development areas,
especially for high-rise housing, mixed use development projects and
projects within 2 km of the existing reserve pipeline. Pipelines should
also be connected to Bandar Nusajaya, Pasir Gudang Port and PTP
to support these mega township developments. Common trenching
should be used where possible, to be implemented in stages, so that
future maintenance work or upgrades can be done systematically
without digging up roads.
14 - 26

URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE CHAPTER 14 | PART 4
Figure 14.7: Drainage, Solid Waste and Sewerage
Source: SJER CDP 2025
14 - 27

SECTION B
PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION
Figure 14.8: Telecommunication, Water Supply, Gas Supply and Power Supply Facilities
Source: SJER CDP 2025
14 - 28