Chilled Beam Design Guide - TROX
Chilled Beam Design Guide - TROX Chilled Beam Design Guide - TROX
TB031412 Chilled Beam Design Guide Trox USA, Inc. 4305 Settingdown Circle Cumming Georgia USA 30028 Telephone 770-569-1433 Facsimile 770-569-1435 www.troxusa.com e-mail trox@troxusa.com
- Page 2 and 3: Contents Introduction to Chilled Be
- Page 4 and 5: Passive Chilled Beams provides sens
- Page 6 and 7: Active Chilled Beams DID620 series
- Page 8 and 9: Benefits of Chilled Beams CHILLED B
- Page 10 and 11: Applications 4) High outdoor air pe
- Page 12 and 13: Multi-Service Chilled Beams Multi-s
- Page 14 and 15: Comfort Considerations CHILLED BEAM
- Page 16 and 17: Local Velocity, FPM Airside Design
- Page 18 and 19: Local Velocity VH1 , FPM Airside De
- Page 20 and 21: Water Side Design Considerations Ho
- Page 22 and 23: Control Strategies Chilled water su
- Page 24 and 25: Installation and Commissioning If t
- Page 26 and 27: Maintenance SYSTEM OPERATION AND MA
- Page 28 and 29: Passive Beam Performance Beam Width
- Page 30 and 31: Passive Beam Performance Beam Lengt
- Page 32 and 33: Active Beam Selection and Location
- Page 34 and 35: Active Beam Performance Data Active
- Page 36 and 37: Active Beam Selection Examples SOLU
- Page 38 and 39: Nomenclature and Performance Notes
- Page 40 and 41: Chilled Water Pressure Drop (FT H2O
- Page 42 and 43: Chilled Water Pressure Drop (FT H2O
- Page 44 and 45: Sensible Cooling Capacity, BTUH/LF
- Page 46 and 47: Sensible Cooling Capacity, BTUH/LF
- Page 48 and 49: PRIMARY AIR COOLING Net Sensible He
- Page 50 and 51: PRIMARY AIR COOLING Sensible Coolin
TB031412<br />
<strong>Chilled</strong> <strong>Beam</strong><br />
<strong>Design</strong> <strong>Guide</strong><br />
Trox USA, Inc.<br />
4305 Settingdown Circle<br />
Cumming<br />
Georgia<br />
USA 30028<br />
Telephone 770-569-1433<br />
Facsimile 770-569-1435<br />
www.troxusa.com<br />
e-mail trox@troxusa.com
Contents<br />
Introduction to <strong>Chilled</strong> <strong>Beam</strong>s 3<br />
Passive chilled beams 3<br />
Active chilled beams 5<br />
System Application <strong>Guide</strong>lines 8<br />
Benefits of chilled beams 8<br />
<strong>Chilled</strong> beam applications 9<br />
Multi-service <strong>Chilled</strong> <strong>Beam</strong>s 11<br />
System <strong>Design</strong> <strong>Guide</strong>lines 14<br />
Comfort considerations 14<br />
Air side design 15<br />
Water side design 19<br />
Control considerations 21<br />
Installation and commissioning 24<br />
<strong>Chilled</strong> <strong>Beam</strong> Selection 27<br />
Passive beams selection 27<br />
Passive beam performance data 28<br />
Active beam selection 31<br />
Active beam selection examples 35<br />
Performance Notes 38<br />
Active <strong>Beam</strong> Performance Data 39<br />
Coil pressure loss data 39<br />
DID600 series beams 44<br />
DID620 series beams 50<br />
DID300 series beams 56<br />
<strong>Chilled</strong> <strong>Beam</strong> Specifications 62<br />
Notice to Users of this <strong>Guide</strong><br />
This <strong>Guide</strong> is intended for the sole use of professionals involved in the design and specification of <strong>TROX</strong> chilled<br />
beam systems. Any reproduction of this document in any form is strictly prohibited without the written consent of<br />
<strong>TROX</strong> USA.<br />
The content herein is a collection of information from <strong>TROX</strong> and other sources that is assumed to be correct and<br />
current at the time of publication. Due to industry and product development, any and all of such content is subject<br />
to change. <strong>TROX</strong> USA will in no way be held responsible for the application of this information to system design<br />
nor will they be responsible for keeping the information up to date.<br />
2
Introduction<br />
<strong>Chilled</strong> beams have been employed in European HVAC<br />
sensible cooling only applications for over twenty years.<br />
Within the past few years they have become a popular<br />
alternative to VAV systems in North America. The<br />
growing interest in chilled beams has been fueled by<br />
their energy saving potential, ease of use as well as<br />
their minimal space requirements.<br />
<strong>Chilled</strong> beams were originally developed to supersede<br />
the outputs achieved by passive radiant cooling ceiling<br />
systems. Sensible cooling capacities of “chilled” ceilings<br />
are limited by the chilled water supply temperature<br />
(must be maintained above dew point to prevent<br />
condensation from forming on their surfaces) and the<br />
total surface area available that can be „chilled‟.<br />
Obviously, this area is limited as other services<br />
(lighting, fire protection, air distribution & extract etc.)<br />
limit the degree of employment of the active ceiling<br />
surface such that their maximum space sensible cooling<br />
capacity is very typically less than 25 BTUH per square<br />
foot of floor area. As this is not sufficient for maintaining<br />
comfort especially in perimeter areas, chilled beams<br />
very quickly became the preferred solution in so much<br />
as they occupied less space, had fewer connection and<br />
most importantly offered sensible cooling outputs 2 to 3<br />
times that of „chilled‟ ceilings.<br />
INTRODUCTION TO CHILLED BEAMS<br />
<strong>Chilled</strong> beams feature finned chilled water heat exchanger<br />
cooling coils, capable of providing up to 1100<br />
BTUH of sensible cooling per foot of length and are<br />
designed to take advantage of the significantly higher<br />
cooling efficiencies of water. Figure 1 illustrates that a<br />
one inch diameter water pipe can transport the same<br />
cooling energy as an 18 inch square air duct. The use<br />
of chilled beams can thus dramatically reduce air<br />
handler and ductwork sizes enabling more efficient use<br />
of both horizontal and vertical building space.<br />
There are two basic types of chilled beams (see figure<br />
2). Passive chilled beams are simply finned tube heat<br />
exchanger coil within a casing that provides primarily<br />
convective cooling to the space. Passive beams do not<br />
incorporate fans or any other components (ductwork,<br />
nozzles, etc.) to affect air movement. Instead they rely<br />
on natural buoyancy to recirculate air from the<br />
conditioned space and therefore needs a high free area<br />
passage to allow room air to get above the coil and<br />
cooled air to be discharge from below the coil. As they<br />
have no provisions for supplying primary air to the<br />
space, a separate source must provide space<br />
ventilation and/or humidity control, very typically<br />
combined with, but not limited to, UFAD. The air source<br />
commonly contributes to the sensible cooling of the<br />
space as well as controlling the space latent gains.<br />
Passive <strong>Chilled</strong> <strong>Beam</strong><br />
(Exposed <strong>Beam</strong> Shown)<br />
18“ x 18“<br />
Air Duct<br />
Active <strong>Chilled</strong> <strong>Beam</strong><br />
1“ diameter<br />
Water Pipe<br />
Figure 1: Cooling Energy Transport<br />
Economies of Air and Water<br />
Figure 2: Basic <strong>Beam</strong> Types<br />
Active chilled beams utilize a ducted (primary) air supply<br />
to induce secondary (room) air across their integral<br />
heat transfer coil where it is reconditioned prior to its<br />
mixing with the primary air stream and subsequent discharge<br />
into the space. The primary air supply is typically<br />
pretreated to maintain ventilation and humidity control<br />
of the space. The heat transfer coil<br />
3
Passive <strong>Chilled</strong> <strong>Beam</strong>s<br />
provides sensible cooling, it is not used to condense or<br />
provide latent cooling.<br />
Further discussion of the performance, capacities and<br />
design considerations for each type of beam is provided<br />
in the following sections of this document.<br />
PASSIVE CHILLED BEAMS<br />
Passive chilled beams are completely decoupled from<br />
the space air supply and only intended to remove sensible<br />
heat from the space. They operate most efficiently<br />
when used in thermally stratified spaces.<br />
Figure 3. illustrates the operational principle of a passive<br />
beam. Warm air plumes from heat sources rise<br />
naturally and create a warm air pool in the upper portion<br />
of the space (or ceiling cavity). As this air contacts the<br />
coil surface, the heat is removed which causes it to drop<br />
back into the space due to its negative buoyancy<br />
relative to the air surrounding it. The heat is absorbed<br />
lifting the chilled water temperature and is removed<br />
from the space via the return water circuit. About 85%<br />
of the heat removal is by convective means, therefore<br />
the radiant cooling contribution of passive chilled beams<br />
is minimal and typically ignored.<br />
combine resulting in a higher velocity in the occupied<br />
space. Air discharge across the face of the beam<br />
should be avoided as this can reduce the cooling output<br />
by inhibiting the flow of warm air into the heat exchanger<br />
coil.<br />
Passive <strong>Chilled</strong> <strong>Beam</strong> Variations<br />
Passive chilled beams may be located above or below<br />
the ceiling plane. When used with a suspended ceiling<br />
system recessed beams, <strong>TROX</strong> TCB-RB, are located a<br />
few inches above the ceiling and finished to minimize<br />
their visibility from below. Figure 4. illustrates such a<br />
recessed beam application.<br />
Figure 4: Recessed <strong>Beam</strong> Installation<br />
Recessed beams are concealed above the hung ceiling<br />
and should also include a separation skirt (TCB-RB-<br />
Skirt) which assures that the cooled air does not short<br />
circuit back to the warm air stream feeding the beam.<br />
Recessed beams (<strong>TROX</strong> series TCB) may be either<br />
uncapped (standard) or capped (more commonly<br />
known as shrouded) (see figure 5). Capped or shrouded<br />
beams have a sheet metal casing which maintains<br />
separation between the beam and the ceiling air cavity<br />
which is often used for the space return air passage.<br />
This also provides acoustical separation between adjacent<br />
spaces.<br />
Figure 3: Passive <strong>Beam</strong> Operation<br />
Passive chilled beams are capable of removing 200 to<br />
650 BTUH of sensible heat per linear foot of length<br />
depending upon their width and the temperature<br />
difference between their entering air and chilled water<br />
mean temperature. The output of the chilled beam is<br />
usually limited to ensure that the velocity of the air<br />
dropping out of the beam face and back into the<br />
occupied zone does not create drafts.<br />
It should also be noted that the air descending from a<br />
passive beam „necks‟ rather like slow running water out<br />
of a faucet. This slow discharge can be effected by other<br />
air currents around it and should passive beams be<br />
installed side by side, the two airstreams will join and<br />
Separation Skirt<br />
Figure 5: Capped Passive <strong>Beam</strong><br />
Passive beams mounted flush with or below the ceiling<br />
surface are referred to as exposed beams. Most exposed<br />
beams (e.g., <strong>TROX</strong> TCB-EB and PKV series) are<br />
furnished within cabinets designed to enhance the architectural<br />
features of the space as well as assure the<br />
necessary air passages for the beam.<br />
4
Active <strong>Chilled</strong> <strong>Beam</strong>s<br />
<strong>TROX</strong> Passive <strong>Chilled</strong> <strong>Beam</strong>s<br />
<strong>TROX</strong> USA offers 2 ranges of passive chilled beam as<br />
the core engine behind the variants.<br />
Primary air<br />
supply<br />
TCBU series beams offer a full range of 1 & 2 row<br />
recessed and exposed passive beams.<br />
PKVU series beams are 1 row passive beams<br />
with or without exposed cabinets.<br />
Figure 6 illustrates an exposed passive beam in whose<br />
cabinet other space services (lighting, smoke and<br />
occupancy detectors, etc.) have been integrated. Such<br />
integrated beams are referred to as integrated or multiservice<br />
chilled beams (MSCB). As with recessed<br />
beams, it is generally recommended that the cross<br />
sectional free area of the passage into an exposed<br />
chilled beam be equal to at least one its width. For more<br />
information on these beams see pages 11-13.<br />
Suspended<br />
ceiling<br />
Figure 7: Active <strong>Chilled</strong> <strong>Beam</strong> Operation<br />
well. In these cases, displacement ventilation and conditioning<br />
will be used to produce a thermally stratified<br />
room environment.<br />
Active chilled beams typically operate at a constant air<br />
volume flow rate, producing a variable temperature<br />
discharge to the space determined by the recirculated<br />
air heat extraction. As the water circuit can generally<br />
extract 50 to 70% of the space sensible heat generation,<br />
the ducted airflow rate can often be reduced accordingly,<br />
resulting in reduced air handling requirements<br />
as well as significantly smaller supply (and exhaust/return)<br />
ductwork and risers.<br />
Figure 6: Exposed <strong>Beam</strong> Installation<br />
ACTIVE CHILLED BEAMS<br />
In addition to chilled water coil(s), active chilled beams<br />
incorporate ducted air connections to receive pretreated<br />
supply air from a central air handling unit. This air is<br />
injected through a series of nozzles within the beam to<br />
entrain room air. Figure 7 illustrates an active beam that<br />
induces room air through a high free area section within<br />
its face and through the integral heat transfer coil where<br />
it is reconditioned in response to a space thermostat<br />
demand. The reconditioned air then mixes with the<br />
ducted (primary) air and is discharged into the space by<br />
means of linear slots located along the outside edges of<br />
the beam.<br />
Active beams mounted above the occupied zone<br />
maintain a sufficient discharge velocity to maintain a<br />
fully mixed room air distribution. As such, they employ a<br />
dilution ventilation strategy to manage the level of<br />
airborne gaseous and particulate contaminants. Certain<br />
variants of active beams (see discussion below) may be<br />
mounted in low sidewall or floor level applications as<br />
Active chilled beams can provide sensible cooling rates<br />
as high as 1100 BTUH per linear foot, depending on<br />
their induction capabilities, coil circuitry, and chilled<br />
water supply temperature. Later in this guide, you will<br />
see that careful selection of the beam must be made to<br />
ensure that high terminal velocities are avoided to maintain<br />
comfort, a beam is not just a method of providing<br />
cooling, but also a terminal discharge device that has to<br />
be selected to suit the location, space and how the<br />
space is being utilized.<br />
Active chilled beams can be used for heating as well,<br />
provided the façade heat losses are moderate.<br />
Active <strong>Chilled</strong> <strong>Beam</strong> Variations<br />
Active chilled beams come in a number of lengths and<br />
widths allowing their use in exposed mounting or<br />
integration into suspended ceiling systems, (their weight<br />
requires they be independently supported). They can be<br />
furnished with a variety of nozzle types that affect the<br />
induction rate of room air. Their discharge pattern can<br />
be supplied as either one or two way while some beams<br />
allow modification of their discharge characteristics<br />
once installed. Finally, some variants are available with<br />
condensate trays designed to collect a limited amount<br />
of unexpected condensation.<br />
5
Active <strong>Chilled</strong> <strong>Beam</strong>s<br />
DID620 series beams are a low profile beam designed to allow<br />
integration into standard 24 inch wide ceiling grids. They are ideal for<br />
applications with limited ceiling plenum spaces.<br />
DID600 series beams are also designed to allow their integration into<br />
standard 24 inch wide acoustical ceiling grids. Though slightly taller<br />
than the DID620, their construction allows easy modification to<br />
specific customer requirements.<br />
DID604 series beams are designed for four-way discharge patterns<br />
which may be suitable for location certain room sizes.<br />
DID300 series beams have a nominal face width of 12 inches and<br />
utilize two vertical chilled water coils. As such they can be furnished<br />
with condensate trays to catch any moisture that might have<br />
unexpectedly formed on the coil surfaces during periods of unusual<br />
operation.<br />
Figure 8: <strong>TROX</strong> Ceiling Mounted Active <strong>Chilled</strong> <strong>Beam</strong>s<br />
6
Active <strong>Chilled</strong> <strong>Beam</strong>s<br />
DID-E series beams are designed for high sidewall mounting in<br />
hotels and other domiciliary applications.<br />
BID series beams condition perimeter areas in UFAD applications.<br />
Conditioned air is delivered by a dedicated perimeter area air<br />
handling unit. This relieves the UFAD system of the responsibility of<br />
providing sensible cooling and heating to the perimeter, resulting in<br />
substantially reduced building airflow requirements.<br />
QLCI series beams are integrated into low sidewall mounted cabinets and<br />
to discharge conditioned air to the space in a displacement fashion. They<br />
are most commonly used for classroom HVAC as they offer significant air<br />
quality and acoustical advantages. In fact, they are the only available<br />
terminal capable of maintaining classroom sound pressure levels compliant<br />
with ANSI Standard S12.60.<br />
Figure 9: Other <strong>TROX</strong> Air-Water Products<br />
7
Benefits of <strong>Chilled</strong> <strong>Beam</strong>s<br />
CHILLED BEAM SYSTEM APPLICATION<br />
GUIDELINES<br />
<strong>Chilled</strong> beams (both passive and active) posses certain<br />
inherent advantages over all-air systems. These benefits<br />
can be divided into the three categories as follows:<br />
First cost benefits of chilled beam systems<br />
<strong>Chilled</strong> beams afford the designer an opportunity to<br />
replace large supply and return air ductwork with small<br />
chilled water pipes. This results in significant savings in<br />
terms of plenum space and increases usable floor<br />
space.<br />
• <strong>Chilled</strong> beams can be mounted in ceiling spaces<br />
as small as 8 to 10 (vertical) inches while<br />
all-air systems typically require 2 to 2.5 times<br />
that. This vertical space savings can be used<br />
to either increase the space ceiling height or<br />
reduce the slab spacing and thus the overall<br />
building height requirements.<br />
• The low plenum requirements of chilled beam<br />
systems make them ideal choices for retrofit of<br />
buildings that have previously used sidewall<br />
mounted equipment such as induction units,<br />
fan coils and other unitary terminals.<br />
• <strong>Chilled</strong> beams contribute to horizontal space<br />
savings as their significantly lower supply<br />
airflow rates result in smaller supply and return/exhaust<br />
air risers. The capacity of the air<br />
handling units providing conditioned air to the<br />
chilled beam system is also reduced, resulting<br />
in considerably smaller equipment room foot<br />
prints.<br />
• LEED TM also requires that certified buildings<br />
be purged for a period of time before<br />
occupancy in order to remove airborne<br />
contaminants related to the construction process.<br />
The significantly reduced airflow requirement<br />
of chilled beam systems reduces<br />
the fan energy required to accomplish this<br />
task.<br />
Operational cost benefits of chilled beam systems<br />
The energy costs of operating chilled beam systems are<br />
considerably lower than that of all-air systems. This is<br />
largely due to the following:<br />
<br />
Reduced supply air flow rates result in lower<br />
fan energy consumption.<br />
• Higher chilled water temperatures used by<br />
chilled beams may allow chiller efficiencies to<br />
be increased by as much as 35%.<br />
• <strong>Chilled</strong> beam systems offer attractive water<br />
side economizer. Unlike the case with air side<br />
economizers, these free cooling opportunities<br />
are not as restrictive in climates that are also<br />
humid.<br />
• Maintenance costs are considerably lower<br />
than all-air systems. <strong>Chilled</strong> beams do not<br />
incorporate any moving parts (fans, motors,<br />
damper actuators, etc.) or complicated control<br />
devices. Most chilled beams do not require<br />
filters (and thus regular filter changes) or<br />
condensate trays. As their coils operate „dry‟,<br />
regular cleaning and disinfection of<br />
condensate trays is not necessary. Normal<br />
maintenance history suggests that the coils be<br />
vacuumed every five years (more frequently in<br />
applications such as hospital patient rooms<br />
where linens are regularly changed). Figure<br />
10 compares the lifetime maintenance and<br />
replacement costs for active chilled beams to<br />
fan coil units (FCU), based on an expected<br />
FCU lifetime of 20 years. It assumes that<br />
each beam or FCU serves a perimeter floor<br />
area of 150 square feet.<br />
Filter Changes:<br />
Frequency:<br />
Fan Coil Unit<br />
Twice Yearly<br />
Cost per Change: $30.00<br />
Cost over Lifetime (20 Years): $1,200.00<br />
Clean Coil and Condensate System:<br />
Fan Motor Replacement:<br />
Frequency:<br />
Twice Yearly<br />
Cost per Event: $30.00<br />
Cost Over Lifetime: $1,200.00<br />
Frequency:<br />
Once during life<br />
Cost per Event: $400.00<br />
Cost Over Lifetime: $400.00<br />
Life Cycle (20 years) maintenance cost: $2,800.00<br />
Source: REHVA <strong>Chilled</strong> <strong>Beam</strong> Application <strong>Guide</strong>book (2004)<br />
Active <strong>Chilled</strong><br />
<strong>Beam</strong><br />
NA<br />
$0.00<br />
Every four Years<br />
$30.00<br />
$150.00<br />
NA<br />
$0.00<br />
$150.00<br />
Figure 10: Life Cycle Maintenance Costs<br />
Active <strong>Chilled</strong> <strong>Beam</strong>s versus Fan Coils<br />
• Operational efficiencies of pumps are<br />
intrinsically higher than fans, leading to much<br />
lower cooling and heating energy transport<br />
costs.<br />
8
Applications<br />
Comfort and IAQ benefits of chilled beam systems<br />
Properly designed chilled beam systems generally<br />
result in enhanced thermal comfort and indoor air<br />
quality compared to all-air systems.<br />
<br />
Active chilled beams generally deliver a<br />
constant air volume flow rate to the room. As<br />
such, variations in room air motion and cold air<br />
dumping that are inherent to variable volume<br />
all-air systems are minimized.<br />
• The constant air volume delivery of primary air<br />
to the active chilled beam helps assure that<br />
the design space ventilation rates and relative<br />
humidity levels are closely maintained.<br />
<strong>Chilled</strong> beam application criteria<br />
Although the advantages of using chilled beams are<br />
numerous, there are restrictions and qualifications that<br />
should be considered when determining their suitability<br />
to a specific application. <strong>Chilled</strong> beams are suitable for<br />
use where the following conditions exist:<br />
• Mounting less than 20 feet. Ceiling heights<br />
may be greater, but the beam should generally<br />
not be mounted more than 20 feet above the<br />
floor.<br />
• The tightness of the building envelope is<br />
adequate to prevent excessive moisture<br />
transfer. Space moisture gains due to<br />
occupancy and/or processes are moderate.<br />
• Space humidity levels can be consistently<br />
maintained such that the space dew point<br />
temperature remains below the temperature of<br />
the chilled water supply.<br />
• Passive beams should not be used in areas<br />
where considerable or widely variable air<br />
velocities are expected.<br />
• Passive beams should only be considered<br />
when an adequate entry and discharge area<br />
can be assured.<br />
• Passive <strong>Chilled</strong> beams can not be used to<br />
heat.<br />
Applications best served by chilled beams<br />
<strong>Chilled</strong> beams are ideal for applications with high space<br />
sensible cooling loads, relative to the space ventilation<br />
and latent cooling requirements. These applications<br />
include, but are not limited to:<br />
1) Brokerage trading areas<br />
Trading areas consists of desks where a<br />
single trader typically has access to multiple<br />
computer terminals and monitors. This high<br />
equipment density results in space sensible<br />
cooling requirements considerably higher than<br />
conventional interior spaces while the ventilation<br />
and latent cooling requirements are essentially<br />
the same. Active chilled beams remove<br />
60 to 70% of the sensible heat by<br />
means of their water circuit, reducing the<br />
ducted airflow requirement proportionally.<br />
2) Broadcast and recording studios<br />
Broadcast and recording studios typically<br />
have high sensible heat ratios due to their<br />
large electronic equipment and lighting loads.<br />
In addition, space acoustics and room air<br />
velocity control are critical in these spaces.<br />
Passive chilled beams are silent and capable<br />
of removing large amounts of sensible heat,<br />
enabling the use of a low velocity supply air<br />
discharge.<br />
3) Heat driven laboratory spaces<br />
<strong>Design</strong>ers often classify laboratories according<br />
to their required supply airflow rate. In<br />
laboratories that are densely populated by<br />
fume hoods, the make up air requirement is<br />
typically 12 air changes per hour or more.<br />
These laboratory spaces are classified as air<br />
driven. Laboratories whose make up air<br />
requirement is less than that are typically<br />
considered heat driven. This category includes<br />
most biological, pharmaceutical, electronic<br />
and forensic laboratories. The ventilation requirement<br />
in these laboratories is commonly 6<br />
to 8 air changes per hour, however, the processes<br />
and equipment in the laboratory can<br />
often result in sensible heat gains that require<br />
18 to 22 air changes with an all-air system. To<br />
make matters worse, recirculation of air<br />
exhausted from these laboratories is not<br />
allowed if their activities involve the use of<br />
gases or chemicals.<br />
Active chilled beams remove the majority (60<br />
to 70%) of the sensible heat by means of their<br />
chilled water coil, enabling ducted airflow rates<br />
to be reduced accordingly. Not only is the<br />
space more efficiently conditioned, but the<br />
ventilation (cooing and heating) load at the air<br />
handler is substantially reduced as far less<br />
outdoor air is required.<br />
9
Applications<br />
4) High outdoor air percentage applications<br />
Applications such as patient rooms in hospitals<br />
typically demand higher ventilation rates as<br />
well as accurate control of those rates. <strong>Chilled</strong><br />
beam systems are ideal for these applications<br />
as their hydronic sensible cooling regulates the<br />
space temperature while allowing a constant<br />
volume delivery of supply and ventilation air to<br />
the space. Displacement chilled beams such<br />
as the „<strong>TROX</strong> QLCI‟ also offer opportunities for<br />
improved contaminant removal efficiencies,<br />
reducing the likelihood of communicable<br />
diseases spreading to health care staff<br />
members.<br />
5) Perimeter treatment for UFAD systems<br />
Blind Box<br />
Passive<br />
<strong>Chilled</strong> <strong>Beam</strong><br />
Return Air<br />
Grille<br />
As conditioned air passes through the open<br />
floor plenum in UFAD systems, it picks up heat<br />
transferred through the structural slab from the<br />
return plenum of the floor below. The amount<br />
of heat transfer that is likely to occur is very<br />
hard to predict as many factors influence it.<br />
However, the resultant temperature rise in the<br />
conditioned air can often lead to discharge<br />
temperatures 4 to 5˚F higher than those<br />
encountered in interior zones nearer the point<br />
of entry into the supply air plenum. Such higher<br />
temperatures contribute to perimeter zone<br />
airflow requirements that are typically 35 to<br />
40% higher than that of conventional (ducted)<br />
all-air systems.<br />
Passive chilled beams such as the <strong>TROX</strong> TCB<br />
series provide effective and reliable cooling of<br />
perimeter spaces in UFAD applications. Figure<br />
11 illustrates such an application where the<br />
passive beam is mounted above the acoustical<br />
ceiling and adjacent to the blind box above an<br />
exterior window. Floor diffusers fed directly<br />
from the pressurized supply plenum continue<br />
to provide space ventilation and humidity<br />
control. Heating cannot be effectively<br />
accomplished by passive beams, so an<br />
underfloor finned tube heating system or<br />
radiant panel heating system typically<br />
compliments the chilled beams.<br />
Use of passive beams for perimeter area<br />
sensible cooling can reduce overall supply<br />
airflow rates in UFAD systems by as much as<br />
50%. This also results in a) smaller air<br />
handling units and ductwork, smaller supply<br />
and return air risers, c) reduced maintenance<br />
requirements and occupier disruption, d)<br />
improved space acoustics and air quality.<br />
Finned Tube<br />
Heating Coil<br />
Swirl Type<br />
Floor Diffuser<br />
Figure 11: Passive <strong>Chilled</strong> <strong>Beam</strong>s for<br />
Perimeter Treatment in a UFAD System<br />
<strong>Chilled</strong> beams are also an excellent choice where the<br />
vertical height of the ceiling cavity is limited. These<br />
include applications involving:<br />
1) Building height restrictions<br />
Building codes may restrict the overall height<br />
of buildings in certain locales. This commonly<br />
promotes the use of tighter slab spacing which<br />
reduces the depth of the ceiling cavity. Passive<br />
chilled beams can often be fit between<br />
structural beams in these applications. Active<br />
chilled beam systems can easily be designed<br />
to require 10 inches or less clearance when<br />
integrated into the ceiling grid system.<br />
2) Retrofits involving reduced slab spacing<br />
Many buildings that are candidates for HVAC<br />
system retrofits utilize packaged terminal units<br />
(induction units, vertical fan coil units, etc.)<br />
that are installed below the ceiling level. As<br />
such, many of these structures have ceiling<br />
cavities with limited depth. <strong>Chilled</strong> beams are<br />
ideal for such retrofits.<br />
a<br />
10
Multi-Service <strong>Chilled</strong> <strong>Beam</strong>s<br />
Multi-service (or integrated) chilled beams incorporate<br />
other space services into the linear enclosures associated<br />
with the chilled beams. This allows fitting of the selected<br />
services to the beams within the factory and delivery<br />
of elements that house all of these services to the<br />
job site in a “just-in-time” fashion. Upon arrival, these<br />
devices are hung, attached in a linear fashion and modular<br />
connections facilitate the installation of the various<br />
service systems.<br />
Figure 12 below illustrates an active multi-service beam<br />
and the services that can be easily integrated with it.<br />
The core of this device is a DID302 active chilled beam<br />
which incorporates a primary air duct (and plenum) a<br />
chilled water coil as well as inlet (perforated face) and<br />
discharge (linear slot) air passages. The outer frame of<br />
the device is designed to provide mounting surfaces<br />
and provisions for other services which are installed at<br />
the factory prior to shipment to the job site. Some of the<br />
services that can be integrated include:<br />
1. Lighting fixtures and controls<br />
2. Speakers<br />
3. Occupancy sensors<br />
4. Smoke detectors<br />
In addition, the outer frame is often customized to provide<br />
a visual appeal that is consistent with the architecture<br />
of the space in which it is mounted.<br />
Multi-service chilled beams can be provided as either<br />
active or passive versions. In cases where passive<br />
beams are used, a separate air distribution system must<br />
be provided. Oftentimes this air supply utilizes the cavity<br />
beneath a raised access flooring system as a supply<br />
plenum and is referred to as Underfloor Air Distribution.<br />
The service fixtures provided with multi-service beams<br />
are usually provided by others and issued tom the factory<br />
for mounting and connection where possible. Upon<br />
completion, the beams are shipped to the job site for<br />
mounting and final connection.<br />
Lighting provided with these beams may be direct, indirect<br />
or both. In all cases, the lighting system designer<br />
should be consulted to assure that the beam design and<br />
placement also provides sufficient space lighting. Fire<br />
protection designers should also be consulted in order<br />
to assure that the placement of the beams does not<br />
conflict with that of the fire sprinklers.<br />
Figure 12: Multi-service <strong>Chilled</strong> <strong>Beam</strong>s<br />
11
Multi-Service <strong>Chilled</strong> <strong>Beam</strong>s<br />
Multi-service <strong>Chilled</strong> <strong>Beam</strong> <strong>Design</strong>s<br />
Figures 13 and 14 below illustrate passive and active<br />
multi-service beam installations.<br />
Note that the photograph in figure 13 includes a swirl<br />
type diffuser mounted in the floor near the window. This<br />
diffuser supplies conditioned air for the ventilation and<br />
dehumidification of the space. The beams include a<br />
linear bar grille for the room air discharge and are<br />
curved to conform to the curvature of the ceiling. Both<br />
direct and indirect lighting is provided.<br />
Figure 14 illustrates an active beam version where the<br />
facial slots have been relocated such that they are not<br />
visible and are integrated into the top of the beam, discharging<br />
supply air across the surface of the exposed<br />
slab. Again lighting is both direct and indirect in the<br />
case of these beams.<br />
The photographs in these figures do not show a services<br />
corridor that runs perpendicular to the beams toward<br />
the interior of the space. This corridor is approximately<br />
the depth of the beams themselves and houses<br />
the main ductwork, piping and other services that feed<br />
the beams. These corridors may also house the return<br />
air passage in case where the slab is exposed. As a<br />
rule of thumb, about thirty (30) linear feet of beams may<br />
be connected to each run leaving the service corridor.<br />
Most multi-service beams are provided for exposed slab<br />
applications but other versions can be provided to integrate<br />
with acoustical ceiling grids.<br />
The Case for Multi-service <strong>Beam</strong>s<br />
Multi-service chilled beams offer numerous advantages<br />
over conventional service delivery systems, notably:<br />
1. As the services are integrated into the beams in the<br />
factory, quality control can be much better maintained<br />
than with field mounted services. Factory<br />
mounting involves the provision of proper fixtures<br />
to do the work and facilitates difficult piping and<br />
valve connection. This also allows the final piping<br />
to be leak tested after the components are assembled.<br />
2. Factory mounting of the space services reduces<br />
the amount of required trade coordination on the<br />
job site.<br />
3. All of the space services mounted in the common<br />
housing can be easily accessed for final connection<br />
and commissioning as well as future maintenance.<br />
4. The design of the housing involves the project architects<br />
as well as the engineering consultants and<br />
drives early coordination efforts as opposed to last<br />
minute panics.<br />
5. The above advantages can result in significant<br />
reductions in the time required to construct the<br />
building.<br />
The construction time reduction has made multi-service<br />
beams very popular in the Europe, especially the United<br />
Kingdom. Cases where the building construction time<br />
has been reduced by 25 to 30 percent have been well<br />
documented in a number of publications. Construction<br />
schedule reductions of ten to fifteen percent result in<br />
Figure 13: Passive Multi-service <strong>Beam</strong>s<br />
Figure 14: Active Multi-service <strong>Beam</strong>s<br />
12
Multi-Service <strong>Chilled</strong> <strong>Beam</strong>s<br />
significant cost savings. In particular, fixed site costs<br />
can be retired much earlier. These fixed site costs<br />
include but are not limited to:<br />
1. Communication and utilities services<br />
2. Sanitation services<br />
3. Equipment rentals<br />
4. Insurance costs<br />
On a job with a two year construction schedule, these<br />
fixed costs (which contribute nothing to the value of<br />
the project) typically amount to 12 to 14% of the value<br />
of the construction itself. Terminating the project<br />
sooner allows these costs to be cut proportionally.<br />
The use of multi-service beams can also allow the<br />
elimination of the acoustical ceiling system and, on<br />
new construction projects, may afford the use of lesser<br />
slab spacing. This may reduce the structure costs<br />
as well or may allow more floors to be housed within<br />
in a similar structure height (see next section).<br />
Finally, earlier completion allows the building owner to<br />
begin realizing revenue faster. The combination of<br />
these financial impacts typically offsets the cost difference<br />
between the multi-service approach and that of<br />
conventional HVAC and space services delivery.<br />
Building Height Requirements<br />
Multi-service beams may also afford opportunities for<br />
reduced building height and/or facilitate the retrofit of<br />
buildings with limited slab spacing. The integration of<br />
space services in the beam often eliminates the need<br />
for an acoustical ceiling and allows the beams to be<br />
pendant mounted directly to the structural slab.<br />
Figure 15 below illustrates the slab spacing requirements<br />
of a VAV system with fan powered terminals<br />
versus an exposed mounted multi-service active<br />
chilled beam. The ductwork in the VAV system is<br />
must be located such it remains below the horizontal<br />
structural supports. It also must be supported several<br />
inches above the ceiling grid to allow the installation<br />
of light fixtures and sprinkler systems. In order to provide<br />
a floor to ceiling height of nine (9) feet, the slab<br />
spacing is typically thirteen (13) feet.<br />
Multi-service beams which are mounted to the slab<br />
allow the provision of a ten (10) foot distance from the<br />
floor to the overhead slab while maintaining an 8.5<br />
foot clearance under the beams when used with a<br />
10.5 foot slab spacing. This savings essentially allows<br />
the addition twenty percent more floors in a building<br />
when multi-service beams are used instead of a VAV<br />
system.<br />
13'-0"<br />
Light fixture<br />
Suspended ceiling<br />
VAV with Fan Terminals<br />
9'-0"<br />
10'-6"<br />
Multiservice <strong>Chilled</strong> <strong>Beam</strong>s<br />
10'-0"<br />
8'-6"<br />
Figure 15: Slab Spacing Reduction with Multi-service <strong>Beam</strong>s<br />
13
Comfort Considerations<br />
CHILLED BEAM SYSTEM DESIGN<br />
GUIDELINES<br />
The HVAC system is responsible for three important<br />
tasks that help assure occupant comfort and a healthy<br />
indoor environment:<br />
1) Removal of the space sensible heat gains.<br />
2) Delivery of a prescribed volume flow rate of<br />
outdoor air to properly ventilate the space.<br />
3) Sufficient dehumidification to offset the space<br />
latent heat gains.<br />
As the water circuit in chilled beams is designed only to<br />
assist in achieving the sensible cooling objective, the air<br />
supply to the space must be properly maintained to<br />
accomplish the ventilation and dehumidification goals.<br />
In order to achieve efficient chilled beam system<br />
operation, certain considerations should be factored into<br />
the development of the system design and operational<br />
objectives. The following sections identify and briefly<br />
discuss such considerations that apply to the design,<br />
selection and specification of the equipment that<br />
supplies and controls the chilled beams.<br />
• General design objectives.<br />
• Air-side design goals and considerations.<br />
• Water-side design goals and considerations.<br />
• Control and operational considerations.<br />
The following sections discuss design decisions that<br />
affect the sizing and selection of the air and water<br />
system equipment and accessories.<br />
<strong>Design</strong>ing for occupant thermal comfort<br />
The maintenance of a high level of occupant thermal<br />
comfort is the primary objective of most chilled beam<br />
applications. ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55-2004 Thermal<br />
Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy 2<br />
identifies key factors that contribute to thermal comfort<br />
and defines environmental conditions that are likely to<br />
produce such. The Standard generally states that during<br />
cooling operation, the space (operative) dry bulb<br />
temperature should be maintained between 68 and<br />
77˚F and the space dew point temperature should not<br />
exceed 60.5˚F. If the space operative temperature is<br />
75˚F, this maximum dew point temperature corresponds<br />
to a relative humidity of 60%.<br />
<strong>Design</strong>ing for acceptable space acoustical levels<br />
The space acoustical requirements are usually dictated<br />
by its intended use. The 2007 ASHRAE Handbook<br />
(Applications) 3 prescribes design guidance (including<br />
recommended space acoustical levels) for various types<br />
of facilities and their use.<br />
AIR SIDE DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS<br />
Room and primary air design considerations<br />
When chilled beam systems are being contemplated,<br />
the relationship between the room design conditions<br />
and the primary air requirements should be closely evaluated.<br />
As previously stated, the chilled water circuit within<br />
chilled beams is capable of considerably higher<br />
sensible heat removal efficiencies than does<br />
conditioned air supplied to the space. As such, it is<br />
advantageous to remove as much sensible heat as<br />
possible by means of the chilled water circuit. In theory,<br />
this practice would allow the supply airflow rate to the<br />
space to be reduced proportionally and result in both<br />
energy savings and reduced HVAC services space<br />
requirements. However, the airflow supply to the space<br />
is also the sole source of space ventilation and dehumidification<br />
so consideration of these functions is imperative<br />
in the design of chilled beam systems. The primary<br />
(conditioned) airflow rate to the beam must be sufficient<br />
to provide space humidity control, ventilation and<br />
supplement the chilled water circuit in satisfying the<br />
space sensible heat gains. The space primary airflow<br />
rate must be the maximum of that needed to adequately<br />
accomplish all of those individual tasks.<br />
Space ventilation requirements are usually based on<br />
the number of space occupants and the floor area in<br />
which they reside. ASHRAE Standard 62-2004<br />
provides guidance in the calculation of these<br />
requirements. Some spaces (laboratories, healthcare<br />
facilities, etc.) may require higher ventilation rates due<br />
to processes they support. Identification of the required<br />
space ventilation rate should be the first step in<br />
the design process.<br />
a<br />
The standard also defines the occupied zone as the<br />
portion of the bounded by the floor and the head level of<br />
the predominant stationary space occupants (42 inches<br />
if seated, 72” if standing) and no closer than 3 feet from<br />
outside walls/windows or 1 foot from internal walls. It is<br />
generally accepted that velocities within the occupied<br />
zone should not exceed 50 to 60 feet per minute.<br />
14
Airside <strong>Design</strong> Consideration<br />
In order to maintain specified room humidity levels, the<br />
primary airflow must remove moisture (latent) heat at<br />
the rate at which it is generated. The supply airflow rate<br />
required to do this is determined by the equation:<br />
CFM LATENT = q LATENT / 4840 x (W ROOM - W SUPPLY )<br />
where, q LATENT is the space latent heat gain and W ROOM<br />
and W SUPPLY is the humidity ratio (LBS H 2 O per LB Dry<br />
Air) of the room and supply air, respectively.<br />
When chilled beam systems are used, the chilled water<br />
sensible heat extraction rate allows reduction of design<br />
supply airflow rates by 50 to 60% over conventional allair<br />
systems. Reductions of this magnitude may, however,<br />
compromise space ventilation and dehumidification.<br />
When chilled beams are used in applications where a)<br />
the design outdoor dew point temperature is above 50˚F<br />
and b) preconditioning outdoor air to a dew point temperature<br />
below that (50˚F) is not feasible, careful consideration<br />
should be given to the determination of design<br />
room air humidity levels.<br />
Figure 16 illustrates relationships between the primary<br />
air supply and the space design conditions for a typical<br />
interior space. This figure uses the specified room relative<br />
humidity and the primary air dew point temperature<br />
to establish a factor (F LATENT ) that relates the primary<br />
airflow requirement to maintain the desired room<br />
relative humidity as a ratio of the space ventilation requirement.<br />
It assumes a ventilation rate of 20 CFM per<br />
person.<br />
A<br />
Latent Airflow Factor, FLATENT<br />
4.5<br />
4.0<br />
3.5<br />
3.0<br />
2.5<br />
2.0<br />
1.5<br />
Space Relative<br />
Humidity<br />
Optimized <strong>Design</strong><br />
Range<br />
50%<br />
51%<br />
52%<br />
53%<br />
54%<br />
1.0<br />
48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55<br />
Primary Air Dewpoint Termperature, ˚F<br />
55%<br />
56%<br />
57%<br />
Figure 16: Pschrometric relationship<br />
Between Space and Primary Airflow<br />
56<br />
The primary airflow rate required to accomplish the<br />
desired space ventilation and dehumidification can be<br />
calculated as:<br />
CFM LATENT = F LATENT x CFM VENT<br />
Note that maintenance of 50% relative humidity with<br />
primary air supplied at a 52˚F dew point temperature<br />
will require that the primary airflow rate for the required<br />
space dehumidification be some 2.3 times the space<br />
ventilation rate. If the design relative humidity of the<br />
space were 55% (well within ASHRAE recommendations),<br />
the primary airflow requirement could be halved.<br />
Alternatively, the primary air could be conditioned to a<br />
48˚F dew point in order to maintain 50% relative humidity<br />
with a similar primary airflow rate. As the beams are<br />
generally operated at a constant volume flow rate, the<br />
room relative humidity levels will remain constant during<br />
occupied periods.<br />
Perimeter airflow requirements in chilled beam systems<br />
are generally driven by space sensible heat gains,<br />
therefore, space relative humidity levels in those areas<br />
will typically remain lower than in interior spaces.<br />
In summary, designing for slightly higher relative<br />
humidity levels can result in significant reductions<br />
in space primary airflow requirements!<br />
15
Local Velocity, FPM<br />
Airside <strong>Design</strong> Considerations<br />
Room air distribution in passive beam applications<br />
As passive beams rely only upon natural forces to<br />
recirculate the air to and from the space, it is critical that<br />
excessive restrictions in the air passages to and from<br />
the beams be avoided. As such, passive beams utilize<br />
very wide fin spacing (typically 3 to 4 fins per inch) as<br />
opposed to conventional cooling coils. Research<br />
indicates that the performance of these beams can also<br />
be significantly compromised if an adequate entry and<br />
discharge path is not maintained.<br />
It is generally recommended that the return and discharge<br />
passage of air through the ceiling perforated tile<br />
be equal to 2 times the width of the coil, normally split<br />
50-50, down the long sides of the beam. Figure 17 illustrates<br />
the recommended entry and discharge area relationships<br />
for recessed passive beams mounted above a<br />
ceiling tile with a 50% free area. The free area of the<br />
perforated ceiling has a direct result on performance of<br />
the beam., as the free are decreases, the output also<br />
decreases. The free area of the tile should not be lower<br />
than 28%, however, no increase in output is gained<br />
beyond 50% free area. When passive beams are<br />
mounted very near a perimeter wall or window, the required<br />
return air passage may be reduced as the warm<br />
air entering the beam has more momentum (contact<br />
<strong>TROX</strong> USA for further application assistance). Exposed<br />
beams must also be located such that the entering air<br />
passage requirements are observed.<br />
When passive beams are mounted adjacent to an<br />
outside window (and the room is thermally stratified),<br />
the momentum of the warm air rising along the<br />
perimeter surface will likely result in entering air<br />
temperatures 4 to 6˚F warmer than the room control<br />
temperature, dependent on the surface temperature of<br />
the façade.<br />
Ceiling or high sidewall outlets can be used (with a lesser<br />
heat transfer efficiency) provided their horizontal<br />
throw to 50 FPM does not extend to within four feet of<br />
the passive beam.<br />
In order to maintain a high level of thermal comfort,<br />
passive beams should be located such that the velocities<br />
of the falling cool air do not cause discomfort. As a<br />
general rule, the velocity at the head level of a stationary<br />
occupant should not exceed 50 FPM. Figure 18<br />
illustrates typical velocities directly below passive<br />
beams as a function of the sensible cooling they<br />
provide.<br />
70<br />
60<br />
50<br />
40<br />
30<br />
Average local velocity<br />
3 feet below passive<br />
beam<br />
Min. 0.33 x B<br />
20<br />
Minimum<br />
20% Free<br />
Area Panel<br />
Separation Skirt<br />
B<br />
10<br />
0<br />
50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400<br />
Passive <strong>Beam</strong> Cooling, BTUH/LF<br />
450<br />
W = 2.0 x B<br />
Figure 18: Velocities Below Passive <strong>Beam</strong>s<br />
Figure 17: Entry Area Requirements for<br />
Passive <strong>Chilled</strong> <strong>Beam</strong>s<br />
Passive chilled beams operate most efficiently in a<br />
stratified or partially stratified room environment. As<br />
such, displacement ventilation or underfloor air<br />
distribution (UFAD) outlets with limited vertical<br />
projection (throw to a terminal velocity of 50 FPM is no<br />
more than 40% of the mounting height of the beams).<br />
For design purposes, the beam entering air temperature<br />
should be assumed 2˚F warmer than that at the control<br />
level of the room under the described installation and<br />
operating conditions.<br />
16
Airside <strong>Design</strong> Considerations<br />
Space temperature control in passive beam systems is<br />
accomplished by varying the amount of sensible heat<br />
removed by the chilled water. The chilled water supply<br />
to several beams within a single zone is generally<br />
controlled by a single chilled water valve. Although the<br />
zone may consist of multiple spaces, a certain degree<br />
of temperature compensation for each space will be<br />
affected by the passive beam itself. As the cooling<br />
requirement of the space is reduced, the temperature of<br />
the air entering the beam will also be reduced. This will<br />
result in less heat transfer to the water circuit and a<br />
lower return water temperature.<br />
Passive chilled beams cannot be used for heating as its<br />
airflow would be reversed. They are typically applied<br />
with some type of separate heating system such as low<br />
level finned tube heaters. Radiant (ceiling or wall<br />
mounted) heating panels can also be used depending<br />
on the façade heat losses expected.<br />
Thermal comfort considerations with active beams<br />
While the primary (conditioned) airflow rate for active<br />
chilled beams can be greatly reduced, their induction<br />
ratios (2 to 6 CFM of room air per CFM primary air)<br />
result in discharge airflow rates that are slightly higher<br />
than those of conventional all-air systems. As such,<br />
attention should be exercised in the beam placement to<br />
avoid drafty conditions and maximize occupant thermal<br />
comfort. Figure 19 predicts maximum occupied zone<br />
velocities for various combinations of primary airflow<br />
rates and active beam spacing. This nomograph<br />
suggests local velocities which will maintain acceptable<br />
levels of occupant comfort per ASHRAE.<br />
Active beams can be for heat in moderate climates. Hot<br />
water can either be delivered to each perimeter area<br />
beam or to a hot water heating coil in the duct supplying<br />
a number of beams within the same thermal control<br />
zone. The use of a zone hot water heating coil feeing<br />
multiple chilled beams is a generally more economic<br />
option than piping each chilled beam for heating as it<br />
may save considerable labor and piping material costs.<br />
If active chilled beams are used for heating, the following<br />
recommendations should be observed:<br />
• <strong>Chilled</strong> beam discharge temperatures should<br />
be maintained within 15˚F of the room<br />
temperature.<br />
• Velocities at the mid-level of outside walls and<br />
windows should be maintained within the<br />
region indicated in figure 19.<br />
Unoccupied periods demanding heating via the chilled<br />
beams or primary air system will require that the AHU<br />
remain operational.<br />
Variable air volume operation using active beams<br />
Although normally operated as constant air volume<br />
delivery devices, active chilled beams can also be used<br />
as variable air volume (VAV) devices. VAV operation<br />
may be advantageous when space occupancy and/or<br />
ventilation demands vary widely. Recommendations for<br />
the control of chilled beams in VAV applications can be<br />
found in the control section of this document.<br />
As the room air distribution provided by active<br />
beams is identical to that provided by ceiling slot<br />
diffusers, their selection for (total) discharge airflow<br />
rates greater than 40 CFM per linear foot of slot is<br />
not recommended when high levels of occupant<br />
thermal comfort are required!<br />
The v L velocities shown in figure 19 are those predicted<br />
within 2 inches of the window or wall surface during<br />
cooling operation. It is recommended that beams which<br />
are configured for both heating and cooling of perimeter<br />
spaces be selected such that v L (selected for cooling<br />
operation) is between 120 and 150 FPM in order to<br />
assure that the warm air is adequately projected down<br />
the perimeter surface. Velocities taken 6 inches away<br />
from the surface can be expected to be about half those<br />
values.<br />
Heating in chilled beam applications<br />
Ceiling or high sidewall mounted passive chilled beams<br />
exert no motive force on their discharge airflow, and<br />
cannot be used for overhead heating. Heating must be<br />
provided by a separate source, either the primary air<br />
supply or a separate heating system (finned tube,<br />
radiant panel, etc.).<br />
17
Local Velocity VH1 , FPM<br />
Airside <strong>Design</strong> Considerations<br />
Cooling<br />
H - H1 (feet)<br />
3 4 5<br />
70 FPM<br />
60 FPM<br />
6<br />
Cooling mode velocity exceeds recommended<br />
level for high occupant comfort levels.<br />
Velocities (V L2 ) within recommended levels for<br />
overhead heating applications.<br />
BEAM<br />
TOTAL<br />
AIRFLOW<br />
RATE (PER<br />
LINEAR<br />
FOOT OF<br />
SLOT)<br />
Cooling<br />
H - H1 (feet)<br />
Heating<br />
6 5 4<br />
6 5 4 3<br />
Type M Nozzle: Q TOTAL = 4.8 x Q PRIMARY<br />
Velocities V H1 V L2 and V L6 are based on a Local<br />
Local<br />
15˚F temperature differential between Velocity V L6 , Velocity V L2 ,<br />
the room and the supply airstream.<br />
FPM<br />
FPM<br />
Type C Nozzle: Q TOTAL = 3.2 x Q PRIMARY<br />
Type B Nozzle: Q TOTAL = 4.2 x Q PRIMARY<br />
Type A Nozzle: Q TOTAL = 5.3 x Q PRIMARY<br />
Type G Nozzle: Q 100 FPM<br />
TOTAL = 3.7 x Q PRIMARY<br />
120 FPM<br />
H/2<br />
55 FPM<br />
40 CFM/LF<br />
90 FPM<br />
110 FPM<br />
100 FPM<br />
50 FPM<br />
35 CFM/LF<br />
80 FPM<br />
90 FPM<br />
45 FPM<br />
40 FPM<br />
30 CFM/LF<br />
70 FPM<br />
80 FPM<br />
70 FPM<br />
35 FPM<br />
25 CFM/LF<br />
60 FPM<br />
30 FPM<br />
20 CFM/LF<br />
50 FPM<br />
60 FPM<br />
50 FPM<br />
4<br />
6 8 10 12 14<br />
Distance A/2 or X (feet)<br />
X<br />
A<br />
0.5 Q SUPPLY 0.5 Q SUPPLY<br />
0.5 Q SUPPLY<br />
H - H1 Cooling<br />
H/2 Heating<br />
2" 2” for VL2<br />
6" 6” for VL6<br />
H - H1<br />
VL2 or V L6<br />
V H1<br />
NOTES:<br />
1. VL2 values in chart are measured 2" from wall in a heating mode. For adequate heating performance, VL2 value at mid-level height of the wall should be at<br />
least 50 FPM.<br />
2. VL6 values in chart are measured 6" from wall in a cooling mode. VL6 values the top of the occupied zone should be limited to about 75 FPM.<br />
3. VH1 values in chart are measured at the top of the occupied zone directly below the point of collision of two opposing air streams (cooling mode). For optimum<br />
thermal comfort, VH1 values should not exceed 50 FPM.<br />
Figure 19: Local Velocity Predictions for <strong>TROX</strong> Active <strong>Chilled</strong> <strong>Beam</strong>s<br />
18
Water Side <strong>Design</strong> Considerations<br />
WATER SIDE DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS<br />
Once the room air conditions have been established,<br />
the water side design objectives and requirements can<br />
be identified. Certain factors must be considered in<br />
arriving at the chilled water system design. The<br />
following sections discuss these.<br />
<strong>Chilled</strong> water supply source<br />
There are several possible sources of adequately<br />
conditioned chilled water for the supply of chilled beam<br />
systems. Among these are several sources discussed<br />
below:<br />
• Return water from AHU chilled water coil<br />
• Dedicated chilled water supply system<br />
• District chilled water supply<br />
• Geothermal wells<br />
When air handling units associated with chilled beam<br />
systems utilize chilled water evaporator coils, their<br />
return water can often be used to remove heat from the<br />
chilled beam circuit. Figure 20 illustrates a chilled water<br />
loop whose heat is extracted through a heat exchanger<br />
to the AHU return water loop. The chilled water supply<br />
is a closed loop which includes a bypass by which<br />
return water can be bypassed around the heat<br />
exchanger to maintain the desired chilled water supply<br />
temperature to the beams. Figure 21 illustrates a chilled<br />
beam system where the beams are supplied by a dedicated<br />
chiller. The chilled water loop allows the chiller to<br />
operate at a higher efficiency due to the higher return<br />
water temperatures associated with the chilled beam<br />
system. The chiller‟s COP can often be increased by 25<br />
to 30% by doing so.<br />
<strong>TROX</strong> USA recommends that the chilled water supply<br />
temperature for passive chilled beams is at least<br />
1˚F above the maximum room dew point that can be<br />
controlled to whilst active beams are kept at or<br />
above the room dew point as an operational safety<br />
margin. In general, most beams installed to date have<br />
a supply temperature 1.5˚F or more above room dew<br />
point.<br />
The return water temperature leaving chilled beams is<br />
at least 3˚F higher than the chilled water supply. As<br />
such, the chilled water return piping does not normally<br />
need to be insulated.<br />
Primary <strong>Chilled</strong><br />
Water Supply<br />
3-way<br />
Moduating<br />
Valve<br />
Secondary<br />
<strong>Chilled</strong> Water<br />
Return<br />
HEAT EXCHANGER<br />
Return Water Bypass<br />
Primary <strong>Chilled</strong><br />
Water Return<br />
Supply Temperature<br />
Controller<br />
<strong>Chilled</strong> Water<br />
Pump<br />
Secondary<br />
(Tempered) <strong>Chilled</strong><br />
Water Supply to<br />
<strong>Beam</strong>s<br />
Figure 20: Shared or Tempered <strong>Chilled</strong><br />
Water Supply Circuit<br />
Dedicated<br />
Chiller<br />
T<br />
In some cases, water from district chilled water supplies<br />
or geothermal wells may replace the return water from<br />
the AHU and serve as the primary loop in the heat<br />
exchanger shown in figure 20.<br />
3-way<br />
Moduating<br />
Valve<br />
Storage<br />
Vessel<br />
Supply Temperature<br />
Controller<br />
T<br />
<strong>Chilled</strong> water supply and return temperatures<br />
The most important decision regarding the chilled water<br />
system involves the specification of a chilled water<br />
supply temperature. In order to prevent condensation<br />
from forming on the beams, the chilled water supply<br />
temperature must be sufficiently maintained. The<br />
REHVA <strong>Chilled</strong> <strong>Beam</strong> Applications <strong>Guide</strong>book 1<br />
suggests that condensation will first occur on the supply<br />
piping entering the beam. As such, it is very important<br />
to insulate the chilled water supply piping to the beams.<br />
Reference 4 suggests that condensation will not likely<br />
form when the active chilled water supply temperature<br />
is maintained no lower than 3˚F below the room air dew<br />
point and at least 1˚F above the space dew point<br />
temperature in the case of passive beams.<br />
Secondary<br />
<strong>Chilled</strong> Water<br />
Return<br />
Return Water Bypass<br />
<strong>Chilled</strong> Water<br />
Pump<br />
Secondary<br />
(Tempered) <strong>Chilled</strong><br />
Water Supply to<br />
<strong>Beam</strong>s<br />
Figure 21: Dedicated <strong>Chilled</strong> Water Circuit<br />
19
Water Side <strong>Design</strong> Considerations<br />
Hot water supply and return temperatures<br />
Active chilled beams can be used for perimeter heating<br />
and cooling in mild climates. It is recommended that the<br />
hot water supply be maintained at a temperature that<br />
will result in a beam discharge temperature no more<br />
than15˚F warmer than the ambient room temperature.<br />
Water flow rates<br />
There are factors that affect the minimum and maximum<br />
water flow rates within the chilled beam system.<br />
Maximum flow rates are limited by the pressure loss<br />
within the beam. Minimum flow rates are based on the<br />
maintenance of turbulent flow to assure proper heat<br />
transfer. The following recommendations apply to the<br />
chilled water system design:<br />
Water head loss through the beams should be<br />
limited to 10 feet H 2 O or less.<br />
Pressures exceeding 10 feet H 2 O at the water control<br />
valve may cause noise when the valve begins<br />
opening.<br />
The 2005 ASHRAE Handbook (Fundamentals) 5<br />
limits water flow rates in pipes that are two (2) inches<br />
in diameter or less to that which results in maximum<br />
velocities of 4 FPS.<br />
<strong>Chilled</strong> beam water flow rates below 0.15 GPM<br />
may result in non-turbulent flow. Selection below<br />
this flow rate should not be made as the coil performance<br />
cannot be assured.<br />
Water treatment recommendations<br />
As most of the elements within the chilled (and hot)<br />
water piping systems are typically copper or brass, it is<br />
important that the water circuit is treated to assure that<br />
there are no corrosive elements in the water. The water<br />
circuits feeding the chilled beams should also be treated<br />
with a sodium nitrite and biocide solutions to prevent<br />
bacterial growth. Glycol should not be added except<br />
where absolutely necessary as it changes the specific<br />
capacity of the chilled water and its effect on the chilled<br />
beam performance must be estimated and accounted<br />
for. Prior to start up and commissioning, all chilled and<br />
hot water piping should be flushed for contaminants.<br />
20
Control Strategies<br />
CHILLED BEAM CONTROL CONSIDERATIONS<br />
This section discusses the control of both the air and<br />
the water supply in chilled beam systems. It also<br />
presents and discusses strategies for condensation<br />
prevention.<br />
Temperature control and zoning with chilled beams<br />
Room temperature control is primarily accomplished by<br />
varying the water flow rate or its supply temperature to<br />
the chilled beam coils in response to a zone thermostat<br />
signal. Modulation of the chilled water flow rate typically<br />
produces a 7 to 8˚F swing in the beam‟s supply air<br />
temperature, which affects a 50 - 60% turndown in the<br />
beam‟s sensible cooling rate. This is usually sufficient<br />
for the control of interior spaces (except conference<br />
areas) where sensible loads do not tend to vary<br />
significantly. If additional reduction of the space cooling<br />
is required, the primary air supply to the beam can be<br />
reduced. In any case, modulation of the chilled water<br />
flow rate or temperature should be the primary means<br />
for controlling room temperature as it has little or no<br />
effect on space ventilation and/or dehumidification. Only<br />
after the chilled water flow has been discontinued<br />
should the primary airflow rate be reduced.<br />
Thermal control zones for chilled beam applications<br />
should be establish in precisely the same manner they<br />
are defined for all air systems. These zones should<br />
consist of adjacent spaces whose sensible cooling<br />
requirements are similar, and several beams should be<br />
controlled from a single space thermostat. For example,<br />
the beams serving several perimeter spaces with the<br />
same solar exposure can be controlled by a single<br />
thermostat to create a zone of similar size to that which<br />
might be served by a single fan terminal in an all air<br />
system. Conference rooms and other areas with widely<br />
varying occupancy should be controlled separately.<br />
Control of the primary airflow rate<br />
Figure 22 illustrates a <strong>TROX</strong> model VFL flow limiter<br />
which can be fitted directly to the inlet side of the active<br />
beam. This limiter is fully self-contained and requires no<br />
power or control connections. It may be field set to<br />
maintain a volume flow rate to the beam. VFL limiters<br />
are recommended for use on beams fed by the same<br />
air handling unit supplying VAV terminals. The VFL<br />
compensates for system pressure changes to maintain<br />
the beam‟s design airflow rate.<br />
VFL flow limiters require a minimum of 0.15 inches H 2 O<br />
differential static pressure to operate. This must be added<br />
to the catalogued pressure loss of the beam to arrive<br />
at an appropriate inlet static pressure requirement. For<br />
acoustical reasons, the inlet static pressure should not<br />
exceed 1.0 inches H 2 O. More information on VFL flow<br />
limiters may be found in <strong>TROX</strong> leaflet 5/9.2/EN/3.<br />
Figure 22: <strong>TROX</strong> VFL Flow Controller<br />
The most economical way to control the output of the<br />
chilled beam is to modulate the water flow rate through<br />
the coil. This may be accomplished in either of two<br />
ways. Figure 23 illustrates a typical piping and hydronic<br />
control schematic for a single thermal zone utilizing<br />
chilled beams. There are isolation valves within each<br />
zone which allow the chilled beam coils within the zone<br />
to be isolated from the chilled water system. This<br />
enables beams to be relocated or removed without<br />
disturbing the water flow in other zones. The coils‟ water<br />
flow rate is throttled by a 2-way chilled water valve<br />
actuated by the zone thermostat. Most chilled beam<br />
systems utilize floating point valve actuators that<br />
provide on-off control of the beam water flow. Throttling<br />
the water flow rate results in variable volume flow<br />
through the main water loop while its supply and return<br />
water temperatures tend to remain relatively constant.<br />
Figure 24 shows a zone within a chilled beam system<br />
that is controlled by a 3-way valve. Such a schematic<br />
will allow modulation of the chilled water flow to the<br />
beams within the zone while maintaining a constant<br />
volume flow rate within the main distribution system.<br />
Such control may be advantageous in cases where a<br />
dedicated chiller is used and significant variations in the<br />
water flow rate can result in danger of freezing within<br />
the chiller itself. Three way valves are also frequently<br />
used when condensation prevention controls are<br />
employed.<br />
The piping illustrated in figure 23 is reverse-return. The<br />
first unit supplied with chilled water is the farthest from<br />
the main chilled water return. Using reverse-return piping<br />
tends to adequately balance the water flow to multiple<br />
beams within a single zone.<br />
<strong>Chilled</strong> (and hot) water flow control strategies<br />
21
Control Strategies<br />
<strong>Chilled</strong><br />
water<br />
supply<br />
<strong>Chilled</strong><br />
water<br />
return<br />
Isolation<br />
valve<br />
Isolation<br />
valve<br />
2 way<br />
on-off<br />
control<br />
valve<br />
T<br />
Zone thermostat<br />
<strong>Chilled</strong> beams within a single thermal zone<br />
Figure 23: <strong>Chilled</strong> <strong>Beam</strong> Zone Control by Means of a Throttling (On/Off) 2 Way Valve<br />
<strong>Chilled</strong><br />
water<br />
supply<br />
<strong>Chilled</strong><br />
water<br />
return<br />
Flow<br />
Measurement<br />
and Balancing<br />
Valves<br />
Isolation<br />
valves (2)<br />
3 way<br />
proportional<br />
control<br />
valve<br />
T<br />
Zone thermostat<br />
<strong>Chilled</strong> beams within a single thermal zone<br />
Figure 24: <strong>Chilled</strong> <strong>Beam</strong> Zone Control by Means of a Diverting 3 Way Valve<br />
Zone thermostat<br />
T<br />
3 way proportional<br />
control valve<br />
<strong>Chilled</strong><br />
water<br />
supply<br />
<strong>Chilled</strong><br />
water<br />
return<br />
Pump<br />
Isolation<br />
valves (2)<br />
<strong>Chilled</strong> beams within a single thermal zone<br />
Figure 25: <strong>Chilled</strong> <strong>Beam</strong> Zone Control by Water Temperature Modulation<br />
22
Control Strategies<br />
The chilled beam output may also be controlled by<br />
maintaining the water flow rate constant and modulating<br />
its temperature. In these cases, the water flow rate<br />
throughout both the main and zone circuits remains<br />
constant. This is a more expensive alternative which is<br />
generally only used where space humidity levels are<br />
unpredictable yet condensation must be prevented<br />
without compromising the space thermal conditions.<br />
Figure 25 illustrates such a zone using a mixing<br />
strategy where return water is recirculated to raise the<br />
chilled water supply temperature to the beams. A pump<br />
must be supplied within the zone piping circuit to<br />
produce a sufficient head to pump the<br />
supply/recirculated water mixture to the beams.<br />
HEAT<br />
EXCHANGER<br />
Return Water Bypass<br />
<strong>Chilled</strong><br />
Water<br />
Pump<br />
Outdoor Air<br />
Dew Point<br />
Sensor<br />
T<br />
F<br />
Supply Water<br />
Temperature<br />
Controller<br />
Condensation prevention strategies<br />
Secondary <strong>Chilled</strong><br />
Water Return<br />
Secondary (Tempered) <strong>Chilled</strong><br />
Water Supply to <strong>Beam</strong>s<br />
As long as the space dew point temperature can be<br />
maintained within a reasonable (+/- 2˚F) range and the<br />
chilled water supply temperature is at (or above) the<br />
design value, there should be no chance of condensation<br />
on the surfaces of the chilled beams. The beam<br />
surfaces will never be as cold as the entering chilled<br />
water temperature. In the case of active beams, the<br />
constant room airflow across the coil surface will also<br />
provide a drying effect.<br />
Some applications may, however, be subject to periods<br />
where room humidity conditions drift or rise due to<br />
infiltration or other processes that may add significant<br />
unaccounted for moisture to the space. In these cases,<br />
the employment of some type of condensation control<br />
strategy may be warranted. There are several methods<br />
of condensation prevention control that include the<br />
following (and combinations of such):<br />
• Central monitoring and control<br />
• Zonal monitoring with on/off control<br />
• Zonal monitoring with modulating control<br />
<strong>Chilled</strong><br />
water<br />
supply<br />
T<br />
Isolation<br />
valve<br />
2-way <strong>Chilled</strong><br />
Water Valve<br />
(one per zone)<br />
Pressure<br />
Regulator<br />
R<br />
To <strong>Chilled</strong> <strong>Beam</strong><br />
Zones<br />
Figure 26: <strong>Chilled</strong> Water Temperature<br />
Reset Based on Outdoor Dew Point<br />
Zone thermostat<br />
Moisture Sensor<br />
2 way<br />
on-off<br />
control<br />
valve<br />
Isolation<br />
valve<br />
<strong>Chilled</strong><br />
water<br />
return<br />
Central dew point monitoring and control involves the<br />
measurement of the outdoor dew point temperature and<br />
control of the chilled water supply temperature in<br />
relation to that. This is an effective method of control for<br />
relatively mild climate applications where operable<br />
windows and/or other sources contribute to excessive<br />
infiltration of outdoor air. The central supply water<br />
temperature can be modulated to remain at (or some<br />
amount above) the outdoor air dew point. Figure 26<br />
illustrates such a method of condensation control.<br />
An alternative method of condensation prevention is the<br />
use of zonal on/off control signaled by moisture sensors<br />
on the zone chilled water connection (see figure 27).<br />
When moisture forms on the supply water pipe next to<br />
the zone water valve, the zone water flow is shut off<br />
and will not be restored until the moisture has been<br />
<strong>Chilled</strong> beams within a single thermal zone<br />
Figure 27: Throttling <strong>Chilled</strong> Water Control<br />
with Moisture Sensor Override<br />
evaporated. Conditioning of the space will be limited to<br />
that provided by the primary airflow until acceptable<br />
humidity conditions allow the chilled water flow to be<br />
resumed. This is an economic and effective method of<br />
condensation control in spaces where such conditions<br />
are not expected to occur frequently. The sensor may<br />
also be used as a signal to increase the flow of primary<br />
air to further dehumidify the space, reducing the time<br />
that the chilled water flow is shut off.<br />
23
Installation and Commissioning<br />
If the maintenance of local thermal conditions is critical,<br />
a zone humidistat may be used to modulate the zone<br />
chilled water supply temperature as shown in figure 28.<br />
This requires that each zone fitted for such control be<br />
fitted with a pump capable of recirculating return water<br />
into the supply circuit of the chilled beam.<br />
Uni-strut Channels<br />
bolted to structure<br />
above allows<br />
adjustment along<br />
beam width<br />
Temperature<br />
Sensor<br />
Dew Point<br />
Sensor<br />
T<br />
F<br />
Zone Temperature<br />
and Humidity<br />
Controller<br />
3 way<br />
proportional<br />
control valve<br />
Pump<br />
Isolation<br />
valves<br />
(2)<br />
<strong>Chilled</strong><br />
water<br />
supply<br />
<strong>Chilled</strong><br />
water<br />
return<br />
<strong>Beam</strong> suspended<br />
from channels by<br />
threaded rods<br />
Factory furnished<br />
mounting brackets<br />
allow adjustment<br />
along beam length<br />
Figure 29: Installation of an Active <strong>Beam</strong><br />
<strong>Chilled</strong> beams within a single thermal zone<br />
Figure 28: Condensation Protection Using<br />
Temperature/Humidity Sensing to Modulate<br />
the Zone <strong>Chilled</strong> Water Temperature<br />
1"<br />
Integration with<br />
standard 1" wide<br />
(inverted) tee bar grid<br />
INSTALLATION AND COMMISSIONING<br />
Mounting considerations<br />
The weight of chilled beams requires that they be separately<br />
supported, independent of any integrated ceiling<br />
grid or drywall surface. They are usually suspended<br />
from the structure above by means of threaded rods or<br />
other sufficiently strong support means that allow the<br />
beam‟s position to be vertically adjusted. The beams<br />
are usually mounted and connected prior to the installation<br />
of the ceiling grid or drywall. <strong>TROX</strong> chilled beams<br />
are furnished with a minimum of four (4) attachment<br />
angles whose position can be adjusted along the beam<br />
length to allow the beam to be “dropped” into the suspended<br />
ceiling grid with which it is integrated. When<br />
integrated with a ceiling grid system or drywall, it is recommended<br />
that the beams be suspended from linear<br />
channels (such as uni-strut) that run perpendicular to<br />
the beam‟s length, so there is some adjustability in every<br />
direction. Figure 29 illustrates the mounting of active<br />
and passive beams.<br />
<strong>TROX</strong> offers various borders to coordinate DID series<br />
beams with three types of acoustical ceiling grids<br />
(illustrated in figure 30):<br />
5/16"<br />
1"<br />
9/16"<br />
9/16"<br />
Integration with narrow<br />
9/16" wide (inverted)<br />
tee bar grid<br />
Integration with narrow<br />
9/16" wide tubular type<br />
grid<br />
Integration into dry wall<br />
ceiling using plaster<br />
frame<br />
Figure 30: Integration of Active <strong>Beam</strong>s into<br />
Common Ceiling System Applications<br />
24
Installation and Commissioning<br />
When active beams are to be used without an adjacent<br />
ceiling surface, <strong>TROX</strong> recommends that an extended<br />
outer surface be furnished which allows formation of a<br />
Coanda effect that helps direct the discharge air<br />
horizontally and prevent dumping.<br />
Recessed passive chilled beams may also be<br />
integrated with suspension grid systems, but they are<br />
usually mounted above the grid and have no direct<br />
interaction with it. It is recommended that a separation<br />
skirt (see figure 5) be used to separate the two air<br />
streams (warm entering air from cool discharge air) of<br />
the beam. Exposed passive beams are almost always<br />
pendant mounted to the structural slab above and used<br />
without a false ceiling system.<br />
Air and water connections<br />
Connection of the chilled water (and hot water where<br />
applicable) supplies to chilled beams are the<br />
responsibility of the installing contractor. <strong>Chilled</strong> beams<br />
may be furnished with either NPT (threaded) male connections<br />
or with straight pipe ends appropriate for field<br />
soldering. While each coil is factory tested for leakage,<br />
it is important that the beams are at no time subjected<br />
to installation or handling that might result in bending or<br />
otherwise damaging the pipe connections in any way.<br />
All control, balancing and shut–off valves that may be<br />
necessary are also to be provided and installed by others.<br />
Do not over tighten any threaded connections to<br />
the beams.<br />
All chilled water supply piping should be adequately<br />
insulated. Return water piping may be left un-insulated<br />
provided the return water temperature remains above<br />
the dew point of the spaces over which it passes.<br />
Flexible hoses may be used for chilled beam water<br />
connections. These hoses may employ either threaded<br />
or snap lock connectors. <strong>TROX</strong> USA offers such threaded<br />
connectors as an option. These connectors are<br />
100% tested and marked with individual identification<br />
numbers. In the event of a failure, the batch within<br />
which they were manufactured can be readily identified<br />
and preemptive remediation can be performed without<br />
concern that all hoses on the job are subject to failure<br />
soon. The normal life of flexible hoses exceeds fifteen<br />
year but can be affected by (among other things)<br />
swings in their operational temperature and lack of sufficient<br />
water treatment.<br />
connect the beam to the supply air duct and this flexible<br />
duct should not have any excess bends or radius.<br />
Water treatment<br />
It is imperative that there are no corrosive elements in<br />
the secondary water supply to the beams as there are<br />
brass fittings on the coils and/or connection hoses.<br />
Periodic testing of the secondary water circuit on each<br />
floor should be performed to assure that none of these<br />
corrosive elements are present.<br />
Prior to connection to the beams and the chiller plant,<br />
the water pipes should be thoroughly flushed to remove<br />
any impurities that may reside within them. Only after<br />
this purging has occurred should the connections to the<br />
coils and the chiller plant be performed. Additional<br />
information regarding system cleaning may be found in<br />
reference 6.<br />
Once filled by the mechanical contractor, the system<br />
should be dosed with chemicals that prevent bacterial<br />
growth. Typical additives would be a sodium nitrate<br />
inhibitor solution of 1000 parts per million (e.g. Nalcol<br />
90) and a biocide solution of 200 parts per million (e.g.<br />
Nalcol). Reference 6 provides additional information<br />
regarding water treatment.<br />
System Commissioning<br />
A flow measuring device and suitable balancing valve<br />
should be provided for each beam which will enable<br />
adjustment of the chilled water flow rate to each beam<br />
within the thermal zone to its design value. This is<br />
illustrated in figure 24. Where five to six beams are<br />
installed in a reverse-return piping circuit (per figure 23),<br />
there will likely be no need for such measuring devices<br />
and balancing valves.<br />
The primary airflow rate to an active chilled beam can<br />
best be determined by measuring the static pressure<br />
within the pressurized entry plenum and referring to the<br />
calibration chart provided with the beam. <strong>TROX</strong><br />
provides an integral pressure tap (accessible through<br />
the face of the beam) to which a measuring gauge can<br />
be connected. Do not attempt to read the total discharge<br />
airflow rate using a hood or any other device<br />
that adds downstream pressure to the beam as it will<br />
reduce the amount of induction and as such give false<br />
readings.<br />
The connection of the primary air supply duct to active<br />
chilled beams is also the responsibility of the installing<br />
contractor. This connection should include the provision<br />
of at least eight (8) inches of straight sheet metal duct<br />
connected directly to the beam‟s primary air inlet. No<br />
more than five (5) feet of flexible duct should be used to<br />
a<br />
25
Maintenance<br />
SYSTEM OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE<br />
There are certain operational requirements that must<br />
observed when chilled beam systems are employed in<br />
humid climates. In the event the HVAC system is<br />
disabled on nights and/or weekends, the chilled water<br />
supply must remain suspended until the primary air<br />
supply has properly dehumidified the space. It is<br />
recommended that some type of space humidity<br />
sensing be used to assure that a proper space dew<br />
point temperature has been established prior to starting<br />
the delivery of chilled water to the space.<br />
If chilled beams are to be used in traffic or lobby areas,<br />
it is important that the space be maintained at a positive<br />
pressure in order to minimize the infiltration of outdoor<br />
air. In the case of lobby areas, the use of revolving<br />
doors may be warranted. It is also recommended that<br />
the beams not be located near any opening doors or<br />
windows in these areas.<br />
REFERENCES<br />
1. REHVA. 2004. <strong>Chilled</strong> <strong>Beam</strong> Application<br />
<strong>Guide</strong>book.<br />
2. ASHRAE. 2004 Thermal environmental<br />
conditions for human occupancy. AN-<br />
SI/ASHRAE Standard 55-2004.<br />
3. ASHRAE. 2007. ASHRAE Handbook-<br />
Applications.<br />
4. Energie. 2001. Climatic ceilings technical note:<br />
design calculations.<br />
5. ASHRAE. 2005. ASHRAE Handbook-<br />
Fundamentals.<br />
6. BSRIA. 1991. Pre-commission cleaning of<br />
water systems. BSRIA Application <strong>Guide</strong> 8/91.<br />
7. ASHRAE. 2004 Ventilation for acceptable<br />
indoor air quality. ANSI/ASHRAE Standard<br />
62.1-2004.<br />
Maintenance requirements<br />
Due to their simplicity and lack of moving parts, chilled<br />
beams require little maintenance. In fact, the only<br />
scheduled maintenance with chilled beams involves the<br />
periodic vacuuming of their coil surfaces. Passive<br />
beams generally require that this be done every four to<br />
five years. In the case of active beams, such cleaning is<br />
only required when the face of the unit return section<br />
shows visible dirt. At this time, the primary air nozzles<br />
should be visually inspected and any debris or lint<br />
removed. In all cases, it is recommended that good<br />
filtration be maintained within the air handling unit.<br />
26
Passive <strong>Beam</strong> Selection<br />
CHILLED BEAM SELECTION<br />
PASSIVE BEAM SELECTION AND LOCATION<br />
Selection and location of passive chilled beams is primarily<br />
affected by the following parameters:<br />
• Required sensible heat removal<br />
• Allowable chilled water supply temperature<br />
• Horizontal and vertical space restrictions<br />
• Occupant thermal comfort considerations<br />
• Architectural considerations<br />
<strong>Chilled</strong> water supply and return temperatures<br />
Before a passive beam selection can be made, it is<br />
necessary that an appropriate chilled water supply<br />
temperature be identified. <strong>TROX</strong> USA recommends that<br />
the chilled water supply temperature to passive beams<br />
be maintained at least 1˚F above the space dew point<br />
temperature in order to assure that condensation does<br />
not occur.<br />
Return water temperatures will generally be 3 to 6˚F<br />
higher than the supply water temperature.<br />
Water flow rate and pressure loss considerations<br />
Water flow velocities in excess of 4 feet per second<br />
should be avoided in order to prevent unwanted noise.<br />
<strong>Design</strong> water flow rates below 0.25 gallons per minute<br />
are not recommended as laminar flow begins to occur<br />
below this flow rate and coil performance may be<br />
reduced. Passive chilled beams should also be selected<br />
such that their water side head loss does not exceed 10<br />
feet of water.<br />
Passive chilled beam performance data<br />
The amount of sensible cooling that can be provided by<br />
an active chilled beam is dependent on all of the factors<br />
listed above. Tables 2 and 3 illustrate the performance<br />
of <strong>TROX</strong> TCB-1 and TCB-2 series passive chilled<br />
beams. The available beam widths are listed in the<br />
table. The water side pressure loss is illustrated for 4, 6,<br />
8 and 10 foot versions of each beam. The sensible<br />
cooling capacity of each beam is expressed in BTUH<br />
per linear foot of length for various temperature<br />
differentials between entering air and the entering<br />
chilled water supply. This capacity is based on a 6 foot<br />
beam length, a discharge free area of 50% and an<br />
equal inlet free area. It also assumes that the distance<br />
between the beam and any obstacle above it is at least<br />
40% the width of the beam. Table 4 presents correction<br />
factors for other beam lengths and inlet/discharge<br />
conditions.<br />
Passive beam selection procedures<br />
Selection of passive chilled beams should be performed<br />
as follows:<br />
1. Estimate the beam entering air temperature<br />
• If a fully mixed room air distribution<br />
system is being used, the entering air<br />
temperature will equal the room control<br />
temperature.<br />
• If a stratified system is being used, the<br />
entering air temperature may be assumed<br />
to be 2˚F warmer than the room control<br />
temperature.<br />
• When mounted directly above a perimeter<br />
window, the entering air temperature can<br />
be assumed to be 6˚F warmer than the<br />
room temperature.<br />
2. Specify the chilled water supply temperature.<br />
3. Using the temperature difference between the<br />
entering air and chilled water, select a beam<br />
whose width and length will remove the<br />
required amount of sensible heat.<br />
4. Identify the required water flow rate and<br />
pressure loss for the selected beam.<br />
Passive chilled beam selection examples<br />
EXAMPLE 1:<br />
TCB-1 series passive (recessed type) chilled beams are<br />
being used to condition an interior office space that is<br />
120 feet long by 60 feet wide with a sensible heat gain<br />
12 BTUH per square foot. The space is controlled by a<br />
thermostat (at the mid-level of the room) for a dry bulb<br />
temperature of 76˚F and space RH of 50%. A thermal<br />
displacement ventilation system supplies 0.2 CFM per<br />
square foot of pretreated ventilation air at 65˚F.<br />
SOLUTION:<br />
The total sensible heat gain of the space is 8,640<br />
BTUH. The room dew point temperature is 57˚F<br />
therefore a chilled water supply temperature of 58˚F will<br />
be used.<br />
As the displacement ventilation system being used in<br />
conjunction with the beams will crate a stratified room<br />
environment, the beam entering air temperature (and<br />
the return air temperature leaving the space) may be<br />
assumed to be 2˚F warmer than the room control<br />
temperature, or in this case 78˚F.<br />
The sensible heat removal of the ventilation air can then<br />
be calculated as follows:<br />
q VENT = 1.09 x CFM VENT x (T RETURN – T SUPPLY )<br />
= 1.09 x (0.2 x 720) x (78 – 65)<br />
= 2,040 BTUH<br />
a<br />
27
Passive <strong>Beam</strong> Performance<br />
<strong>Beam</strong> Width (B)<br />
(inches)<br />
24<br />
20<br />
16<br />
12<br />
Water Flow Rate<br />
(GPM)<br />
ΔP WATER , ft. H 2 O<br />
<strong>Chilled</strong> <strong>Beam</strong> Length, Ft.<br />
Sensible Cooling Capacity, (BTUH/LF)<br />
T ROOM - T CWS<br />
4 5 6 8 10 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22<br />
0.75 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.1 216 236 257 278 299 319 340 361<br />
1.00 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.6 1.9 243 264 285 305 326 347 367 388<br />
1.25 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.5 2.9 259 280 301 321 342 363 383 404<br />
1.50 2.3 2.5 2.9 3.6 4.2 270 291 301 332 353 374 394 415<br />
1.75 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 278 299 319 340 361 381 402 423<br />
2.00 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.8 1.0 284 304 325 346 366 387 408 428<br />
2.25 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.2 288 309 329 350 371 391 412 433<br />
2.50 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.5 292 312 333 354 374 395 416 437<br />
2.75 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.8 295 315 336 357 377 398 419 439<br />
3.00 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.8 2.1 297 318 338 359 380 400 421 442<br />
0.75 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.9 211 229 247 264 278 296 315 334<br />
1.00 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.3 1.6 232 249 267 284 299 318 337 355<br />
1.25 1.2 1.4 1.6 2.0 2.4 244 262 279 297 312 331 350 368<br />
1.50 1.7 2.1 2.3 2.8 3.5 252 270 287 305 321 346 359 377<br />
1.75 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 270 276 293 311 327 216 365 383<br />
2.00 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.8 262 280 298 315 332 351 369 388<br />
2.25 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 266 284 301 319 336 354 373 392<br />
2.50 0.7 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.2 269 286 304 321 339 357 376 395<br />
2.75 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.5 271 288 306 324 341 360 378 397<br />
3.00 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.8 273 290 308 325 343 362 380 399<br />
0.75 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.9 183 197 212 227 241 256 270 285<br />
1.00 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.6 197 211 226 240 255 270 284 299<br />
1.25 1.3 1.5 1.7 2.1 2.5 205 220 234 249 263 278 293 307<br />
1.50 1.9 2.2 2.4 3.0 3.6 210 225 240 254 269 283 298 313<br />
1.75 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 214 229 244 258 273 287 302 317<br />
2.00 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 217 232 247 261 276 290 305 320<br />
2.25 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.8 220 234 249 264 278 293 307 322<br />
2.50 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 222 236 251 265 280 295 309 324<br />
2.75 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.2 223 238 252 267 281 296 311 325<br />
3.00 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 224 239 254 268 283 297 312 327<br />
0.75 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 164 174 185 195 206 217 227 238<br />
1.00 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.9 172 182 193 204 214 225 235 246<br />
1.25 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.5 177 187 198 208 219 230 240 251<br />
1.50 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.8 2.1 180 191 201 212 222 233 244 254<br />
1.75 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 182 193 203 214 225 235 246 256<br />
2.00 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 184 195 205 216 226 237 248 258<br />
2.25 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 185 196 207 217 228 238 249 260<br />
2.50 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 186 197 208 218 229 239 250 261<br />
2.75 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.9 187 198 209 219 230 240 251 262<br />
3.00 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.1 188 199 209 220 230 241 252 262<br />
NOTES REGARDING PERFORMANCE DATA:<br />
1. Sensible cooling data is based on a six (6) foot long uncapped beam with a 12" stack height (H), a ceiling free area of 50%<br />
and an air passage width (W) twice the beam width (B) per figure 17. 13.<br />
2. For other beam lengths, ceiling free areas and/or air passage widths see table 3 for correction factors.<br />
Table 1: TCB-1 Passive <strong>Beam</strong> (One Row Coil) Cooling Performance Data<br />
28
Passive <strong>Beam</strong> Performance<br />
<strong>Beam</strong> Width (B)<br />
(inches)<br />
24<br />
20<br />
16<br />
14<br />
Water Flow Rate<br />
(GPM)<br />
ΔP WATER , ft. H 2 O<br />
<strong>Chilled</strong> <strong>Beam</strong> Length, Ft.<br />
Sensible Cooling Capacity, (BTUH/LF)<br />
T ROOM - T CWS<br />
4 5 6 8 10 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22<br />
0.75 1.8 1.3 1.5 1.7 2.1 153 194 236 277 318 360 401 442<br />
1.00 3.2 2.3 2.6 3.1 3.7 242 283 324 366 407 448 490 531<br />
1.25 5.0 3.6 4.1 4.8 5.8 295 336 377 418 460 501 542 584<br />
1.50 7.2 5.2 5.9 6.9 8.3 330 371 412 454 495 536 577 619<br />
1.75 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 354 396 437 478 520 561 602 643<br />
2.00 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.6 1.9 373 415 456 497 539 580 621 662<br />
2.25 1.3 1.4 1.6 2.0 2.4 387 429 470 511 553 594 635 677<br />
2.50 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.5 2.9 399 440 482 523 564 606 647 688<br />
2.75 1.9 2.2 2.4 3.0 3.5 409 450 491 533 574 615 656 698<br />
3.00 2.3 2.6 2.9 3.6 4.2 417 458 499 541 582 623 665 706<br />
0.75 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.7 169 204 239 273 308 343 378 413<br />
1.00 1.7 1.9 2.2 2.7 3.1 232 266 301 336 371 406 440 475<br />
1.25 2.6 3.0 3.4 4.2 4.8 267 302 337 372 407 441 476 511<br />
1.50 3.8 4.3 4.9 6.0 6.9 292 326 361 396 431 466 500 535<br />
1.75 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.1 309 343 378 413 448 483 517 552<br />
2.00 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.4 322 356 391 426 461 496 530 565<br />
2.25 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.7 1.8 332 366 401 436 471 506 540 575<br />
2.50 1.3 1.5 1.7 2.0 2.2 340 375 409 444 479 514 549 583<br />
2.75 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.5 2.7 346 381 416 451 486 520 555 590<br />
3.00 1.9 2.2 2.4 2.9 3.2 352 387 422 456 491 526 561 596<br />
0.75 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 168 195 221 247 274 300 326 352<br />
1.00 1.4 1.5 1.7 2.2 2.5 202 228 254 281 307 333 360 386<br />
1.25 2.1 2.4 2.7 3.4 3.9 222 249 275 301 327 354 380 406<br />
1.50 3.0 3.4 3.9 4.9 5.7 235 262 288 314 341 367 393 419<br />
1.75 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.8 1.0 245 272 298 324 350 377 403 429<br />
2.00 0.7 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.2 252 279 305 331 358 384 410 437<br />
2.25 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.6 258 284 311 337 363 389 416 442<br />
2.50 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.6 2.0 262 289 315 341 368 394 420 447<br />
2.75 1.2 1.4 1.6 2.0 2.4 266 292 319 345 371 398 424 450<br />
3.00 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.4 2.8 269 296 322 348 375 401 427 453<br />
0.75 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.1 1.3 153 176 198 221 244 266 289 311<br />
1.00 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.9 2.2 177 199 222 245 267 290 312 335<br />
1.25 1.8 2.0 2.3 3.0 3.5 191 214 237 259 282 304 327 350<br />
1.50 2.5 2.9 3.3 4.3 5.0 201 224 246 269 291 314 337 359<br />
1.75 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 208 231 253 276 298 321 344 366<br />
2.00 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.9 1.1 213 236 258 281 303 326 349 371<br />
2.25 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.3 217 240 262 285 308 330 353 375<br />
2.50 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.7 220 243 265 288 311 333 356 378<br />
2.75 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.7 2.0 223 245 268 291 313 336 358 381<br />
3.00 1.3 1.5 1.7 2.1 2.4 225 248 270 293 315 338 361 383<br />
NOTES REGARDING PERFORMANCE DATA:<br />
1. Sensible cooling data is based on a six (6) foot long uncapped beam with a 12" stack height (H), a ceiling free area of 50%<br />
and an air passage width (W) twice the beam width (B) per figure 17. 13.<br />
2. For other beam lengths, ceiling free areas and/or air passage widths see table 3 for correction factors.<br />
Table 2: TCB-2 Passive <strong>Beam</strong> (Two Row Coil) Cooling Performance Data<br />
29
Passive <strong>Beam</strong> Performance<br />
<strong>Beam</strong> Length<br />
(linear ft.)<br />
4<br />
6<br />
8<br />
10<br />
Stack Height<br />
(inches)<br />
8<br />
10<br />
12<br />
8<br />
10<br />
12<br />
8<br />
10<br />
12<br />
8<br />
10<br />
12<br />
Ceiling Panel Free Area<br />
(%)<br />
Cooling Performance Factor (F C )<br />
<strong>Beam</strong> Width (Inches)<br />
12 * 14 * 16 20 24<br />
W = 2.0 x B W = 2.0 x B W = 2.0 x B W = 2.0 x B W = 2.0 x B<br />
30.0% 0.81 0.81 0.81 0.81 0.81<br />
40.0% 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91<br />
50% or more 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95<br />
30.0% 0.86 0.86 0.86 0.86 0.86<br />
40.0% 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96<br />
50% or more 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01<br />
30.0% 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90<br />
40.0% 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01<br />
50% or more 1.06 1.06 1.06 1.06 1.06<br />
30.0% 0.77 0.77 0.77 0.77 0.77<br />
40.0% 0.86 0.86 0.86 0.86 0.86<br />
50% or more 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90<br />
30.0% 0.81 0.81 0.81 0.81 0.81<br />
40.0% 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90<br />
50% or more 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95<br />
30.0% 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85<br />
40.0% 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95<br />
50% or more 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00<br />
30.0% 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73<br />
40.0% 0.82 0.82 0.82 0.82 0.82<br />
50.0% 0.86 0.86 0.86 0.86 0.86<br />
30.0% 0.78 0.78 0.78 0.78 0.78<br />
40.0% 0.87 0.87 0.87 0.87 0.87<br />
50% or more 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91<br />
30.0% 0.82 0.82 0.82 0.82 0.82<br />
40.0% 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91<br />
50.0% 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96<br />
30.0% 0.71 0.71 0.71 0.71 0.71<br />
40.0% 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80<br />
50% or more 0.84 0.84 0.84 0.84 0.84<br />
30.0% 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75<br />
40.0% 0.84 0.84 0.84 0.84 0.84<br />
50% or more 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.88<br />
30.0% 0.79 0.79 0.79 0.79 0.79<br />
40.0% 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.88<br />
50% or more 0.93 0.93 0.93 0.93 0.93<br />
* TCB-1 (1 row) beams are available in 12 inch width, but not 14 inches. TCB-2 (2 row) beams are available in 14 inch width, but not 12".<br />
NOTES:<br />
1. Cooling performance in tables 1 and 2 are based on 6 foot long beams with a 12" stack height (and W = 2.0 x B).<br />
They also assume a 50% (or more free area for both the intake and discharge section (see figure table 13). 17).<br />
2. To determine the performance of a beam with a different length, stack height or facial (free) area, multiply the<br />
appropriate cooling factor (F C ) from the table of above by the sensible cooling value from table 1 or 2.<br />
3. To determine the performance of a beam with a different length, stack height or facial (free) area, multiply the<br />
appropriate cooling factor (F C ) from the table of above by the sensible cooling value from table 1 or 2.<br />
Table 3: Correction Factors for Other <strong>Beam</strong> Configurations<br />
30
Passive <strong>Beam</strong> Selection<br />
The required sensible heat removal of the beams is the<br />
total sensible heat gain of the space (8,640 BTUH) less<br />
that removed by the air supply (2,040 BTUH) or 6,600<br />
BTUH.<br />
Blind Box<br />
In order to contain the beam and its required inlet area<br />
within a single 2 foot wide ceiling module, it is desired<br />
that 12” wide beams be used. Table 1 indicates four 8<br />
foot long beams with chilled water flow rates of 0.75<br />
GPM (and a 20˚F temperature differential between the<br />
entering air and chilled water) could remove the required<br />
sensible heat. These would be located uniformly<br />
within the space.<br />
H<br />
0.3 x B<br />
B<br />
0.5 x B<br />
Passive <strong>Beam</strong>s in Perimeter Applications<br />
When passive beams are used for perimeter applications,<br />
it is not necessary that the inlet area to the beam<br />
be as wide as with interior applications. The momentum<br />
of the warm air moving up the façade assists in the delivery<br />
to the beam. Figure 31 illustrates such an application<br />
and suggests that the width of the gap between the<br />
beam and the façade can be as little as 33 percent of<br />
the beam width, but must be maintained throughout the<br />
entire entry passage. For such cases, the performance<br />
data shown in tables 1 and 2 may be used. In addition,<br />
the beam entering air temperature can be assumed to<br />
be 6 to 8°F warmer during design operation.<br />
EXAMPLE 2:<br />
A TCB-2 (recessed type) passive beam is to be used for<br />
conditioning a 120 square foot perimeter space served<br />
by a UFAD system. The space design conditions are<br />
74˚F/55% RH. The space sensible heat gain is 45<br />
BTUH per square foot, 10 BTUH per square foot of<br />
which will be removed by the pretreated air in the UFAD<br />
system. The perimeter exposure is 10 feet long.<br />
SOLUTION:<br />
The beam entering air temperature can be assumed to<br />
be 81˚F. A chilled water supply temperature of 59˚F<br />
(1˚F above the space dew point) has been chosen,<br />
therefore the temperature difference between the entering<br />
air and entering water is 22˚F. The passive beam<br />
selected must be capable of removing 4,200 BTUH (35<br />
BTUH per square foot) of sensible heat. If an 8 foot long<br />
beam is to be used, it must remove 525 BTUH per linear<br />
foot. According to table 2, a 20 inch wide beam at 1.5<br />
GPM could be used.<br />
ACTIVE BEAM SELECTION AND LOCATION<br />
In addition to sensible heat removal and water side<br />
pressure loss effects, active chilled beam selection and<br />
location should also consider acoustical and air side<br />
pressure effects as well as room air distribution performance<br />
and its effect on occupant thermal comfort.<br />
Figure 31: Passive <strong>Beam</strong>s for Perimeter<br />
Cooling Applications<br />
<strong>TROX</strong> DID active chilled beams offer a range of air nozzles<br />
that afford the designer to tailor the beam selection<br />
to the space cooling and air distribution requirements.<br />
DID300 and DID600U series beams offer three different<br />
nozzle sizes (A, B or C) . Type A nozzles are the smallest<br />
in diameter, create the highest induction ratios and<br />
thus provide the greatest sensible cooling per CFM of<br />
primary air. Their small diameter however also results in<br />
higher air side pressure losses which limit the primary<br />
airflow rates through the beam. These beams are commonly<br />
used for interior spaces where ventilation rates<br />
are very low compared to the sensible load.<br />
Type C nozzles are the largest in diameter and allow<br />
considerably higher primary airflow rates. Use of type C<br />
nozzles will allow the most sensible cooling per linear<br />
foot of beam of all the nozzles. These beams are most<br />
often used when reasonably high primary airflow rates<br />
are necessary.<br />
Type B nozzles are considerably larger than type A but<br />
still smaller than type C nozzles. Their performance is<br />
thus a compromise between the other two nozzle types.<br />
DID620 series beams offer four nozzle sizes (G, M, Z<br />
and K), but the most predominantly used are the G and<br />
M types. The type G nozzle produces induction ratios<br />
similar to the type C nozzles previously discussed but<br />
with slightly higher pressure drops and noise levels.<br />
Type M nozzles produce induction ratios that are some<br />
15% higher, but at an additional pressure drop and<br />
noise level.<br />
For information on nozzle types Z and K contact <strong>TROX</strong><br />
USA. Table 4 on page 32 presents a brief performance<br />
comparison of the various nozzle types.<br />
31
Active <strong>Beam</strong> Selection and Location<br />
<strong>Chilled</strong> water supply and return temperatures<br />
Before an active chilled beam selection can be made, it<br />
is necessary that an appropriate chilled water supply<br />
temperature be identified. <strong>TROX</strong> USA recommends that<br />
the chilled water supply temperature to active beams be<br />
selected and maintained at or above the space dew<br />
point temperature in order to assure that condensation<br />
does not occur. Return water temperatures will generally<br />
be 3 to 6˚F higher than the supply water temperature.<br />
Active <strong>Beam</strong><br />
Series<br />
DID-302-US<br />
DID-602-US<br />
DID-602-HC<br />
DID-622-US<br />
DID-622-HC<br />
Nozzle<br />
Type<br />
C<br />
A<br />
C<br />
Induction<br />
Ratio 1<br />
A 5.3<br />
B<br />
4.2<br />
3.2<br />
A 5.3<br />
B 4.2<br />
C 3.2<br />
5.3<br />
B 4.2<br />
3.3<br />
M 4.8<br />
G 3.7<br />
M 4.8<br />
G 3.7<br />
Primary Airflow<br />
CFM/LF<br />
ΔP AIR<br />
inches H 2 O<br />
Maximum <strong>Chilled</strong><br />
Water Flow Rate<br />
(GPM)<br />
NC<br />
Secondary Cooling 2 Total Cooling 3<br />
BTUH/LF BTUH/CFM BTUH/LF BTUH/CFM<br />
5.0 0.19
Active <strong>Beam</strong> Selection and Location<br />
Water flow rate and pressure loss considerations<br />
Water flow velocities in excess of 4 feet per second<br />
should be avoided in order to prevent unwanted noise.<br />
<strong>Design</strong> water flow rates below 0.25 gallons per minute<br />
are not recommended as laminar flow begins to occur<br />
below this flow rate and coil performance may be reduced.<br />
<strong>Chilled</strong> beams should also be selected such that their<br />
water side head loss does not exceed 10 feet of water.<br />
Air side design considerations<br />
Although active chilled beams remove large amounts<br />
sensible heat from the room air that is circulated<br />
through them, it is very important that the designer does<br />
not treat them as purely an air conditioning device. They<br />
are also an air distribution device and their proper selection<br />
and placement is paramount to the maintenance<br />
of thermal comfort within the space. The design of active<br />
chilled beam systems must not only consider the<br />
sensible cooling (and or heating) capacities of the<br />
beams but also their resultant room air distribution.<br />
Figure 19 can be used to predict local velocities for active<br />
chilled beams. In order to prevent excessive velocities<br />
in the occupied zone, it is recommended that the<br />
beam discharge airflow rate (primary plus induced room<br />
air) not be greater than 40 CFM per linear foot of slot,<br />
therefore 2 slot beams should not be sized for primary<br />
airflow rates in excess of 80 CFM per linear foot of<br />
beam.<br />
The primary airflow rate to active chilled beams must be<br />
sufficient to maintain proper ventilation of the space.<br />
The preconditioning of the primary air delivery must also<br />
enable the primary air supply to provide adequate<br />
space dehumidification without assistance from the<br />
cooling coil within the beam. When active beams are<br />
applied in humid climates, designing for a space relative<br />
humidity level near 55% will often result in a more effective<br />
application of the chilled beam system. This is particularly<br />
true when the dew point temperature of the<br />
primary air cannot be suppressed below about 53˚F<br />
(see further discussion see page 15).<br />
Oftentimes, the cooling, ventilation and/or demands for<br />
areas fed by the same air handling unit vary. In such<br />
cases, the designer should attempt to match the inlet<br />
pressure requirements of those beams as closely as<br />
possible in order to reduce the noise that can be generated<br />
by pressure regulating dampers in the ductwork.<br />
This can often be accomplished by selecting nozzle<br />
types that will match the pressure drop to the beam<br />
primary airflow rate.<br />
Active beams used for both heating and cooling<br />
Active chilled beams can be used for heating as well as<br />
cooling. This is commonly done in climates where overhead<br />
heating with all air systems is popular.<br />
Heating can be accomplished in either of two ways:<br />
<strong>Beam</strong>s can be fitted to a four pipe system (using the<br />
four pipe performance data) that enables the beam to<br />
access either chilled or hot water according to the<br />
space demand.<br />
A zone heating coil can be provided in the primary air<br />
duct that will add the required zone heating to the primary<br />
air prior to its entry into the beam. A two pipe system<br />
(delivering chilled water only) will then be sufficient<br />
as the zone chilled water valve will remain closed during<br />
periods demanding space heating.<br />
The latter practice is often employed as it results in far<br />
less piping. With either approach, the discharge air temperature<br />
should not be more than 15°F above that of<br />
the room (per ASHRAE recommendations) if adequate<br />
overhead heating performance is to be achieved. This<br />
same recommendation is valid for all air heating as well.<br />
Selecting active beams to do both heating and cooling<br />
of perimeter areas requires a close examination of the<br />
resultant room air velocities. Figure 36 introduces two<br />
velocities (VL 2 and VL 6 ) that aid the designer in selecting<br />
beams for this application.<br />
VL 2 represents the velocity measured two (2) inches<br />
from the outside window at the mid-level of the space.<br />
For good heating performance this value should be at<br />
least 50 FPM during the heating mode.<br />
VL 6 represents the velocity six (6) inches form the surface,<br />
and is used to assess the draft risk during cooling<br />
operation. For minimal draft risk, the VL 6 value should<br />
not exceed about 75 FPM.<br />
A good beam selection will conform to both of the recommendations<br />
cited.<br />
Active beams operated in a VAV mode<br />
Although they primarily deliver constant air volume (at a<br />
variable temperature) active beams may be operated in<br />
a VAV mode when space cooling requirements vary<br />
greatly (conference rooms, etc.). In such cases there is<br />
little concern over “dumping” at low discharge velocities<br />
as the cooling coil is off and the discharge air temperature<br />
is only a few degrees below that of the room being<br />
served.<br />
33
Active <strong>Beam</strong> Performance Data<br />
Active beam performance data<br />
Performance data for DID600 series, DID620 series,<br />
and DID300 series active chilled beams are presented<br />
in figures 37 through 62. Table 5 may be used as a<br />
reference to that data. Note that this performance data<br />
pertains only to those beams manufactured by <strong>TROX</strong><br />
USA and is intended for the sole purpose of selecting<br />
those products. These data may not be applicable to<br />
versions offered by other <strong>TROX</strong> companies.<br />
<strong>TROX</strong> USA also offers electronic selection programs<br />
for all of these chilled beams. Contact <strong>TROX</strong><br />
USA or your local representative for details.<br />
The cooling capacity nomographs are based on beams<br />
of six (6) foot length supplied by primary air whose dry<br />
bulb temperature is 20˚F cooler than the room being<br />
supplies. The chilled water is supplied at a temperature<br />
which is 18°F above the room air being induced into the<br />
beam. Cooling performance for each nozzle type is<br />
presented. The primary airflow range for each nozzle is<br />
limited to that which results in primary air side pressure<br />
losses below one (1) inch of water and NC levels below<br />
40 (based on 10dB per octave band room attenuation.<br />
The minimum cooling capacities shown are with no<br />
chilled water contribution and represent the sensible<br />
cooling provided by the preconditioned primary air supply.<br />
Use of these nomographs will facilitate the selection of<br />
a nozzle type as well as identify the cooling capacities<br />
of the beam for various differentials between the room<br />
and entering chilled water temperatures.<br />
Similar nomographs are provided for heating applications<br />
which assume a primary air delivery temperature<br />
that is 20˚F below that of the room and a hot water supply<br />
that is 50°F warmer than the induced room air.<br />
Again the primary air ranges for the various nozzles are<br />
limited by the air side pressure loss (less than 1” H 2 O.)<br />
and space NC (40) level. In the case of the heating<br />
nomographs, shaded areas are labeled “Primary Air<br />
Cooling” represents the cooling effect of the primary air.<br />
The net sensible heating values shown reflect this primary<br />
air cooling effect.<br />
Both the cooling and heating nomographs include correction<br />
factors for other beam lengths. Corrections<br />
should also be made if the room to primary air temperature<br />
differential varies from that assumed by the nomographs.<br />
Finally, figure 19 is used to estimate local velocities<br />
associated with the chilled beam selection and placement.<br />
The use of these tables is illustrated in the selection<br />
examples that follow.<br />
Performance Parameter<br />
DID601<br />
(1 Slot)<br />
Active <strong>Beam</strong> Type and Discharge Configuration<br />
DID602<br />
(2 Slot)<br />
DID621<br />
(1 Slot)<br />
DID622<br />
(2 Slot)<br />
DID301<br />
(1 Slot)<br />
DID302<br />
(2 Slot)<br />
Cooling Performance (2 Pipe Variants)<br />
- Sensible cooling capacities<br />
- <strong>Chilled</strong> water flow rates<br />
- Airside pressure loss data<br />
- Acoustical (NC) data<br />
Figure 45<br />
Figure 46<br />
Figure 51<br />
Figure 52<br />
Figure 57<br />
Figure 58<br />
Cooling Performance (4 Pipe Variants)<br />
- Sensible cooling capacities<br />
- <strong>Chilled</strong> water flow rates<br />
- Airside pressure loss data<br />
- Acoustical (NC) data<br />
Figure 47<br />
Figure 48<br />
Figure 53<br />
Figure 54<br />
Figure 59<br />
Figure 60<br />
Heating Performance (2 Pipe Variants)<br />
- Sensible heating capacities<br />
- Hot water flow rates<br />
- Airside pressure loss data<br />
- Acoustical (NC) data<br />
Figure 49<br />
Figure 50<br />
Figure 55<br />
Figure 56<br />
Figure 61<br />
Figure 62<br />
<strong>Chilled</strong> Water Pressure Loss (2 Pipe Coils)<br />
Figures 37<br />
and 39<br />
Figures 37<br />
and 39<br />
Figures 37<br />
and 39<br />
Figures 37<br />
and 39<br />
Figure 42<br />
Figure 42<br />
<strong>Chilled</strong> Water Pressure Loss (4 Pipe Coils)<br />
Figures 38<br />
and 40<br />
Figures 38<br />
and 40<br />
Figures 38<br />
and 40<br />
Figures 38<br />
and 40<br />
Figure 43<br />
Figure 43<br />
Hot Water Pressure Loss (4 Pipe Coils)<br />
Figure 41<br />
Figure 41<br />
Figure 41<br />
Figure 41<br />
Figure 44<br />
Figure 44<br />
Table 5: Reference to Active <strong>Beam</strong> Performance Data<br />
34
Active <strong>Beam</strong> Selection Examples<br />
Active beam selection examples<br />
The following examples detail the selection of active<br />
chilled beams for a call center, brokerage trading area<br />
(high sensible load) and a laboratory (high primary air<br />
change rates).<br />
EXAMPLE 3:<br />
Select and locate DID302 series active chilled beams to<br />
condition a large open office area in a call center. The<br />
area considered is 60 feet by 30 feet and houses 22<br />
occupants. The space sensible load (14 BTUH/ft² or a<br />
total of 25,200 BTUH) is comprised as follows:<br />
Occupants:<br />
Lighting:<br />
Equipment:<br />
4.0 BTUH/ ft²<br />
1.5 W/ft² (5 BTUH/ ft²)<br />
1.5 W/ft² (5 BTUH/ft²)<br />
The space should be designed for a 75˚F dry bulb temperature<br />
and a maximum relative humidity of 53%<br />
(corresponding to a dew point temperature of 56.8˚Fand<br />
a humidity ratio (W ROOM ) of 0.0098 Lbs H 2 O per Lb DA).<br />
The primary air will be conditioned to a dew point temperature<br />
of 51˚F (corresponding to a humidity ratio W PRI-<br />
MARY of 0.0079 Lbs H 2 O per Lb DA) and delivered at<br />
55˚F. The ceilings are ten (10) feet high. The space NC<br />
shall not exceed 35.<br />
SOLUTION:<br />
As there are 22 occupants, the chilled beams must not<br />
only remove the space sensible gain, but must also<br />
treat the space latent gain (200 BTUH per person or a<br />
total of 5,000 BTUH) and provide proper space ventilation.<br />
If a ventilation rate of 15 CFM per person is to be<br />
maintained this amounts to a space ventilation rate of<br />
330 CFM.<br />
In order to satisfy the space latent gain, the required<br />
primary airflow rate would be calculated as:<br />
CFM LATENT = q LATENT / 4840 x (W ROOM – W PRIMARY )<br />
= 4,400 / 4840 x (0.0098 – 0.0079)<br />
= 478 CFM<br />
The ratio of the sensible heat gain to the primary airflow<br />
rate is therefore 52.7 (25,200 BTUH/478 CFM). The<br />
chilled water supply temperature will be specified at<br />
57˚F (18˚F below room temperature) in order to maintain<br />
it above the space dew point temperature. Referring<br />
to table 4, it would appear that a DID302-US beam<br />
with type B nozzles delivering primary air at 13 CFM per<br />
linear foot of beam would be appropriate. Table 4 also<br />
predicts that this selection would provide 702 BTUH of<br />
sensible cooling per linear foot of beam, so the application<br />
would require 36 linear feet of beam, or six (4) six<br />
(8) foot long beams.<br />
Figure 32 illustrates the desired mounting layout for the<br />
beams. Figure 19 indicates that beams with an opposing<br />
blow will provide very low VH 1 velocities when a<br />
spacing of 30 feet is maintained. The air side pressure<br />
loss will be 0.47 inches of H 2 O and an NC value of 28<br />
are indicated by table 4. Figure 42 predicts a water side<br />
pressure loss of 8.25 feet for a chilled water flow rate of<br />
1.5 GPM.<br />
EXAMPLE 4:<br />
Select and locate DID622 series active chilled beams to<br />
condition a brokerage trading area. The area considered<br />
is 40 feet by 40 feet and houses 16 traders. The<br />
space sensible load (44 BTUH/ft² or a total of 81,600<br />
BTUH) is comprised as follows:<br />
Occupants:<br />
Lighting:<br />
Equipment:<br />
5.0 BTUH/ ft²<br />
1.5 W/ft² (5 BTUH/ ft²)<br />
12 W/ft² (41 BTUH/ft²)<br />
DID302-US Active <strong>Chilled</strong><br />
<strong>Beam</strong>s, 6 foot Nominal<br />
Length (typical of 6)<br />
10 feet<br />
The space should be designed for a 75˚F dry bulb temperature<br />
and a maximum relative humidity of 53%<br />
(corresponding to a dew point temperature of 56.8˚F<br />
and a humidity ratio (W ROOM ) of 0.0098 Lbs H 2 O per Lb<br />
DA). The primary air will be conditioned to a dew point<br />
temperature of 51˚F (corresponding to a humidity ratio<br />
W PRIMARY of 0.0079 Lbs H 2 O per Lb DA) and delivered<br />
at 55˚F. The ceilings are ten (10) feet high. The space<br />
NC shall not exceed 40.<br />
30 feet<br />
Figure 32: <strong>Beam</strong> Layout for Example 3<br />
35
Active <strong>Beam</strong> Selection Examples<br />
SOLUTION:<br />
The beams must be selected to remove 70,400 BTUH<br />
(44 BTUH/FT²) of sensible heat from the space.<br />
The beams‟ primary airflow rate must also be sufficient<br />
to handle the latent gain from the 16 occupants (200<br />
BTUH per person or a total of 3,200 BTUH) and provide<br />
proper ventilation (176 CFM per ASHRAE Standard<br />
62.1-2004) to the space occupants. In order to satisfy<br />
the space latent gain, the required primary airflow rate<br />
would be calculated as:<br />
CFM LATENT = q LATENT / 4840 x (W ROOM – W PRIMARY )<br />
= 3,200 / 4840 x (0.0098 – 0.0079)<br />
= 348 CFM<br />
The ideal ratio of the sensible heat gain to the primary<br />
airflow rate would be 202 BTUH/CFM of primary air, but<br />
this is not achievable for any of the beam/nozzle arrangements<br />
listed in table 4. The sensible cooling requirement<br />
will therefore determine the primary airflow<br />
rate.<br />
The chilled water supply temperature will be specified at<br />
57˚F (18˚F below room temperature) in order to maintain<br />
it above the space dew point temperature. In order<br />
to minimize the number of beams, DID622-HC beams<br />
(and two pipe –HC coils) will be considered. Figure 52<br />
summarizes the performance of a six (6) foot beam of<br />
this type. If “G” nozzles are to be used, an airflow rate<br />
of 23 BTUH/LF can be employed within the acoustical<br />
constraints defined. This will result in a beam sensible<br />
cooling capacity of about 1,275 BTUH/LF (with its maximum<br />
chilled water flow rate of 2.25 GPM). In this case,<br />
we would require 64 linear feet of beams. If twelve (12)<br />
six foot units were provided, the necessary cooling<br />
(1,133 BTUH/LF) could be accomplished with a primary<br />
airflow rate of 20 CFM/LF and a chilled water flow rate<br />
of 2.25 GPM. This results in a space primary airflow<br />
requirement of 1,440 CFM.<br />
Alternatively, type “M” nozzles could be employed. Figure<br />
52 indicates that these nozzles (in a six foot beam)<br />
can provide up to 900 BTUH/LF of sensible cooling with<br />
a chilled water flow rate of 2.25 GPM and a primary<br />
airflow rate of 12 CFM/LF and. If these nozzles are chosen,<br />
we need 78 linear feet of beams. If twelve (12)<br />
eight foot units (at their maximum chilled water flow rate<br />
of 2.0 GPM) are employed, the cooling requirement<br />
could be satisfied at a primary airflow rate of 11.5 CFM /<br />
LF, or a total primary airflow rate of 1,104 CFM.<br />
In either case the NC level would be within specified<br />
levels, while the air side pressure drop would be approximately<br />
1.0 inches H 2 O.<br />
If, in order to minimize the primary airflow requirement,<br />
the latter selection were preferred, the beam layout<br />
might be as shown in figure 33.<br />
Referring to figure 19, the total discharge airflow rate<br />
(CFM/LF of beam) of the selection using “M” nozzles is:<br />
CFM SUPPLY = CFM PRIMARY x Induction Ratio<br />
= 11.5 CFM/LF x 4.8 = 55 CFM/LF<br />
As the beam has 2 slots, this equates to 27.5 CFM per<br />
linear foot of slot. The beam spacing (A) is twelve feet<br />
so A/2 is six feet. Figure 19 indicates that, the velocities<br />
VH 1 and VL 6 six feet below the ceiling velocity will be<br />
approximately 30 and 58 FPM, respectively. These are<br />
well within the values recommended.<br />
The airside pressure loss is about 0.93 inches H 2 O and<br />
the NC level (27) is well within the range specified.<br />
EXAMPLE 5:<br />
12 feet 12 feet<br />
40 feet<br />
Figure 33: <strong>Chilled</strong> <strong>Beam</strong> Layout for<br />
Selection Example 4<br />
DID602 series beams are to be used for a biological<br />
laboratory module. The laboratory module is 30 by 20<br />
feet (600 ft²) with ten (10) foot ceilings. The space sensible<br />
cooling load is 70 BTUH/ft² while the total space<br />
latent load is 2,000 BTUH. A minimum air change rate<br />
of 8 ACH-1 will be required. The velocity at the six foot<br />
level of the occupied space should not exceed 60 FPM<br />
while that along the wall cannot exceed 100 FPM. The<br />
design conditions within the laboratory are 75˚F/50%<br />
RH (W = 0.0092 LBM H 2 O per pound dry air, dew point<br />
temperature of 55.2˚F). The NC shall not exceed 40<br />
nor shall the primary air pressure drop exceed 1.0 inches<br />
H 2 O.<br />
36
Active <strong>Beam</strong> Selection Examples<br />
The primary air supply is to be delivered at 55˚F with a<br />
dew point temperature of 52˚F (W = 0.0082 LBM H 2 O<br />
per pound dry air). The beams are to be located directly<br />
above the work benches in order to capture the most<br />
sensible heat. Figure 34 illustrates the bench layout for<br />
the lab.<br />
SOLUTION:<br />
As the space dew point temperature is 55.2˚F, a 56˚F<br />
chilled water supply temperature will be used. As the<br />
beams are to be located directly above the benches<br />
where most of the space heat sources reside, the induced<br />
air entering the beams will be assumed to be 2°F<br />
warmer than the room air resulting in a 21˚F temperature<br />
differential between the room air and the entering<br />
chilled water.<br />
The minimum primary air delivery to the space for ventilation<br />
purposes is 8 ACH-1, or 800 CFM. The amount of<br />
primary air required to satisfy the space latent load may<br />
be calculated as:<br />
Figure 35 illustrates the proposed beam placement.<br />
Referring to figure 19, the total air supply from each<br />
beam will be 666 CFM or 40 CFM per linear foot of slot.<br />
As A/2 is 8 feet and X is 7 feet, the value of VH 1 and<br />
VL 6 at the six foot (H - H1 = 4 feet) level will be 56 and<br />
86 FPM, respectively.<br />
The water side pressure drop for DID602-US and<br />
DID602-HC can be found in figures 37 and 39, respectively.<br />
Lab<br />
Benches<br />
8 feet<br />
(typical)<br />
CFM LATENT = q LATENT / 4840 x (W ROOM – W PRIMARY )<br />
= 2,000 / 4840 x (0.0092 – 0.0082)<br />
= 413 CFM<br />
As this is less than the ventilation requirement, the minimum<br />
primary airflow delivery will be 800 CFM.<br />
The total space sensible load is 42,000 BTUH. Ideally,<br />
the beam selected should provide 52.5 (42,000 / 800)<br />
BTUH of sensible cooling per CFM of primary air. Table<br />
4 indicates that DID602 beams with “C” nozzles can<br />
provide such a ratio.<br />
The layout of the laboratory would favor the placement<br />
of one or two beams over each bench, so we will consider<br />
the use of four (8) eight foot beams. Applying the<br />
correction factors from figure 46 we see that an eight<br />
foot beam can provide 25 CFM/LF of primary air while<br />
keeping the air side pressure drop of inches H 2 O. The<br />
NC level (39) would also be acceptable. In order to supply<br />
the required air changes (800 CFM), we would need<br />
32 feet of these beams or four (4) eight foot lengths.<br />
As figure 46 is based on an 18°F temperature difference<br />
between the air and chilled water entering the beam, we<br />
must correct the water side sensible cooling according<br />
to the correction factor (1.16) shown in table 6 (page<br />
38) while the primary air contribution (567 BTUH/LF or<br />
17,400 BTUH total) remains the same. The sensible<br />
cooling provided the chilled water coil must thus be<br />
24,600 BTUH or 769 BTUH/LF. Applying the correction<br />
factor (1.16) from table 6, we enter figure 46 to determine<br />
the chilled water flow rate that will provide 663<br />
(769/1.16) BTUH/LF of water side sensible cooling or<br />
1,230 (663 + 567) BTUH/LF of total sensible cooling.<br />
This relates to a chilled water flow rate of 1.0 GPM.<br />
Figure 34: Lab Bench Arrangement<br />
for Example 5<br />
16 feet<br />
(typical)<br />
DID602-US Active<br />
<strong>Chilled</strong> <strong>Beam</strong><br />
(8 ft. Long, "C" Nozzles)<br />
(typical of 4)<br />
Figure 35: <strong>Chilled</strong> <strong>Beam</strong> Arrangement<br />
for Example 5<br />
37
Nomenclature and Performance Notes<br />
L (X + H1)<br />
<strong>Beam</strong> Spacing (A)<br />
X<br />
A/2<br />
ΔT Z<br />
TSUPPLY<br />
H - H1<br />
V L<br />
ΔT L<br />
V H1<br />
ΔT H1<br />
H<br />
6" for Cooling<br />
2" for Heating<br />
3.3 ft.<br />
Occupied Zone Height (H1)<br />
OCCUPIED ZONE<br />
(as defined by ASHRAE Std. 55-2004)<br />
1 ft.<br />
Figure 36: Room Air Velocity and Temperature Parameters Used in this <strong>Design</strong><br />
Nomenclature<br />
V H1 : Local velocity at the top of the occupied zone directly below the point of collision of opposing air streams<br />
T H1 : Local temperature at the top of the occupied zone directly below the point of collision of opposing air streams<br />
V L2 : Local velocity at the top of the occupied zone measured two (2) inches from an outside wall<br />
T L2 : Local temperature at the top of the occupied zone measured two (2) inches from an outside wall<br />
V L6 : Local velocity at the top of the occupied zone measured six (6) inches from an outside wall<br />
T L6 : Local temperature at the top of the occupied zone measured six (6) inches from an outside wall<br />
A: Centerline distance between two active beams with opposing blows<br />
X: Distance between active beam centerline and an adjacent wall<br />
H: Mounting height of active chilled beam<br />
H1: Height of occupied zone (usually considered 42” for seated occupants, 66 inches for standing occupants)<br />
T INDUCED AIR : Dry bulb temperature of room air entering the chilled beam cooling coil<br />
T CWS : Temperature of the chilled water entering the chilled beam transfer coil (cooling mode)<br />
T HWS : Temperature of the hot water entering the chilled beam heat transfer coil (heating mode)<br />
Induction ratio: Ratio of discharge airflow rate (to the room) to primary (ducted) airflow rate<br />
Net sensible heating: <strong>Beam</strong> water side heating less the cooling effect of the (cooler) primary air<br />
t INDUCED AIR - t CWS<br />
12°F<br />
14°F<br />
16°F<br />
18°F<br />
20°F<br />
22°F<br />
t IHWS - t INDUCED AIR<br />
20°F<br />
30°F<br />
40°F<br />
50°F<br />
60°F<br />
70°F<br />
Water Side Sensible<br />
Cooling Correction<br />
Factor<br />
0.67<br />
0.78<br />
0.89<br />
1.0<br />
1.11<br />
1.22<br />
Water Side Heating<br />
Correction Factor<br />
0.4<br />
0.6<br />
0.8<br />
1.0<br />
1.2<br />
1.4<br />
Table 6: Water Side Correction Factors for<br />
Various Entering Air to Entering <strong>Chilled</strong> Water<br />
Temperature Differentials<br />
Table 7: Water Side Correction Factors for<br />
Various Entering Air to Entering Hot Water<br />
Temperature Differentials<br />
38
<strong>Chilled</strong> Water Pressure Drop (FT H2O)<br />
Selection for <strong>Design</strong> Water Flow Rates Less than<br />
0.25 GPM is Not Recommended<br />
<strong>Chilled</strong> Water Pressure Drop (FT H2O)<br />
Selection for <strong>Design</strong> Water Flow Rates Less than<br />
0.25 GPM is Not Recommended<br />
Water Side Pressure Loss<br />
9.0<br />
10 Foot Nominal Length<br />
Max. GPM = 0.90<br />
8.0<br />
7.0<br />
8 Foot Nominal Length<br />
Max. GPM = 1.0<br />
6.0<br />
5.0<br />
4.0<br />
6 Foot Nominal Length<br />
Max. GPM = 1.15<br />
3.0<br />
4 Foot Nominal Length<br />
Max. GPM = 1.35<br />
2.0<br />
1.0<br />
0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50<br />
Water Flow Rate (GPM)<br />
Figure 32: 37: 2 Pipe Standard Capacity Coil <strong>Chilled</strong> Water Pressure Loss<br />
Models DID601-US-2, DID602-US-2, DID621-US-2 and DID622-US-2<br />
9.0<br />
8.0<br />
10 Foot Nominal Length<br />
Max. GPM = 1.1<br />
7.0<br />
8 Foot Nominal Length<br />
Max. GPM = 1.2<br />
6.0<br />
5.0<br />
4.0<br />
6 Foot Nominal Length<br />
Max. GPM = 1.35<br />
3.0<br />
4 Foot Nominal Length<br />
Max. GPM = 1.5<br />
2.0<br />
1.0<br />
0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50<br />
Water Flow Rate (GPM)<br />
Figure 33: 38: 4 Pipe Standard Capacity Coil <strong>Chilled</strong> Water Pressure Loss<br />
Models DID601-US-4, DID602-US-4, DID621-US-4 and DID622-US-4<br />
39
<strong>Chilled</strong> Water Pressure Drop (FT H2O)<br />
Selection for <strong>Design</strong> Water Flow Rates Less than<br />
0.5 GPM is Not Recommended<br />
<strong>Chilled</strong> Water Pressure Drop (FT H2O)<br />
Selection for <strong>Design</strong> Water Flow Rates Less than<br />
0.5 GPM is Not Recommended<br />
Water Side Pressure Loss<br />
10.0<br />
9.0<br />
10 Foot Nominal Length<br />
Max. GPM = 1.85<br />
8.0<br />
7.0<br />
8 Foot Nominal Length<br />
Max. GPM = 2.05<br />
6.0<br />
5.0<br />
4.0<br />
6 Foot Nominal Length<br />
Max. GPM = 2.35<br />
3.0<br />
4 Foot Nominal Length<br />
Max. GPM = 2.75<br />
2.0<br />
1.0<br />
0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 2.25 2.50 2.75 3.00<br />
Water Flow Rate (GPM)<br />
Figure 39: 34: 2 Pipe High Capacity Coil <strong>Chilled</strong> Water Pressure Loss<br />
Models DID601-HC-2, DID602-HC-2, DID621-HC-2 and DID622-HC-2<br />
9.0<br />
8.0<br />
10 Foot Nominal Length<br />
Max. GPM = 2.1<br />
7.0<br />
8 Foot Nominal Length<br />
Max. GPM = 2.3<br />
6.0<br />
5.0<br />
4.0<br />
6 Foot Nominal Length<br />
Max. GPM = 2.7<br />
3.0<br />
4 Foot Nominal Length<br />
Max. GPM = 3.0<br />
2.0<br />
1.0<br />
0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 2.25 2.50 2.75 3.00<br />
Water Flow Rate (GPM)<br />
Figure 40: 35: 4 Pipe High Capacity Coil <strong>Chilled</strong> Water Pressure Loss<br />
Models DID601-HC-4, DID602-HC-4, DID621-HC-4 and DID622-HC-4<br />
40
Hot Water Pressure Drop (FT H2O)<br />
Selection for <strong>Design</strong> Water Flow Rates Less than<br />
0.25 GPM is Not Recommended<br />
Water Side Pressure Loss<br />
6.0<br />
5.5<br />
5.0<br />
4.5<br />
4.0<br />
3.5<br />
10 Foot Nominal Length<br />
3.0<br />
2.5<br />
8 Foot Nominal Length<br />
2.0<br />
1.5<br />
6 Foot Nominal Length<br />
1.0<br />
0.5<br />
4 Foot Nominal Length<br />
0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50<br />
Water Flow Rate (GPM)<br />
Figure 36: 41: 4 Pipe (Std. or High Capacity) Hot Water Coils Pressure Loss<br />
Models DID601-US-4, DID602-US-4, DID621-US-4 and DID622-US-4,<br />
DID601-HC-4, DID602-HC-4, DID621-HC-4 and DID622-HC-4<br />
41
<strong>Chilled</strong> Water Pressure Drop (FT H2O)<br />
Selection for <strong>Design</strong> Water Flow Rates Less than<br />
0.25 GPM is Not Recommended<br />
<strong>Chilled</strong> Water Pressure Drop (FT H2O)<br />
Selection for <strong>Design</strong> Water Flow Rates Less than<br />
0.25 GPM is Not Recommended<br />
Water Side Pressure Loss<br />
9.0<br />
8.0<br />
10 Foot Nominal Length<br />
Max. GPM = 1.3<br />
7.0<br />
6.0<br />
8 Foot Nominal Length<br />
Max. GPM = 1.45<br />
5.0<br />
4.0<br />
3.0<br />
2.0<br />
1.0<br />
6 Foot Nominal Length<br />
Max. GPM = 1.5<br />
4 Foot Nominal Length<br />
Max. GPM = 1.5<br />
0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50<br />
Water Flow Rate (GPM)<br />
Figure 37: 42: 2 Pipe Standard Capacity Coil <strong>Chilled</strong> Water Pressure Loss<br />
Models DID301-US-2 and DID302-US-2<br />
9.0<br />
8.0<br />
10 Foot Nominal Length<br />
Max. GPM = 1.5<br />
7.0<br />
8 Foot Nominal Length<br />
Max. GPM = 1.5<br />
6.0<br />
5.0<br />
4.0<br />
3.0<br />
2.0<br />
6 Foot Nominal Length<br />
Max. GPM = 1.35<br />
1.0<br />
4 Foot Nominal Length<br />
Max. GPM = 1.5<br />
0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50<br />
Water Flow Rate (GPM)<br />
Figure 38: 43: 4 Pipe Standard Capacity Coil <strong>Chilled</strong> Water Pressure Loss<br />
Models DID301-US-4 and DID302-US-4<br />
42
Hot Water Pressure Drop (FT H2O)<br />
Selection for <strong>Design</strong> Water Flow Rates Less than<br />
0.25 GPM is Not Recommended<br />
Water Side Pressure Loss<br />
6.0<br />
5.5<br />
5.0<br />
4.5<br />
4.0<br />
3.5<br />
3.0<br />
2.5<br />
2.0<br />
10 Foot Nominal Length<br />
8 Foot Nominal Length<br />
1.5<br />
1.0<br />
4 Foot Nominal Length<br />
0.5<br />
6 Foot Nominal Length<br />
0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25<br />
1.50<br />
Water Flow Rate (GPM)<br />
Figure 39: 44: 4 Pipe Hot Water Coil Pressure Loss<br />
Models DID301-US-4 and DID3022-US-4<br />
43
Sensible Cooling Capacity, BTUH/LF<br />
PRIMARY AIR COOLING SECONDARY (WATER) COOLING<br />
TOTAL SENSIBLE COOLING<br />
Cooling Performance (2-Pipe) DID601<br />
1200<br />
1120<br />
1040<br />
960<br />
Chart is based on 6 ft. DID601-HC-2 (2<br />
pipe) cooling with a 20˚F temperature<br />
differential between room and primary air<br />
and an 18˚F temperature differential<br />
between room and entering chilled water.<br />
For other beam lengths, see the<br />
correction factors table below.<br />
Performance at water flow rates > 1.5<br />
GPM is only achievable with DID601-HC<br />
models.<br />
GPM CWS<br />
880<br />
3.0<br />
2.5<br />
800<br />
GPM CWS<br />
GPM CWS<br />
2.0<br />
1.5<br />
720<br />
3.0<br />
2.5<br />
1.0<br />
0.8<br />
640<br />
560<br />
3.0<br />
2.5<br />
2.0<br />
1.5<br />
2.0<br />
1.5<br />
1.0<br />
0.8<br />
0.6<br />
0.6<br />
0.4<br />
0.3<br />
480<br />
1.0<br />
0.8<br />
0.4<br />
0.2<br />
400<br />
320<br />
0.6<br />
0.4<br />
0.3<br />
0.3<br />
0.2<br />
0.2<br />
240<br />
160<br />
NC 22<br />
"C" NOZZLES<br />
25 30 35 39<br />
80<br />
0<br />
NC 20 25<br />
0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6"<br />
NC 15 20 25<br />
"A" NOZZLES<br />
0.3" 0.4" 0.6" 0.8" 1.0"<br />
0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 0.9" 1.0"<br />
30 34<br />
"B" NOZZLES<br />
0.7" 0.8" 0.9"1.0"<br />
2.0<br />
3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0<br />
Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF<br />
15.0<br />
Corrections for Other DID601-US-2 or DID601-HC-2 Lengths & T INDUCED AIR - T ENTERING WATER<br />
Performance Parameter<br />
Sensible Cooling (BTUH/LF)<br />
Max. Recommended GPM (DID601-US-2 models)<br />
Max. Recommended GPM (DID601-HC-2 models)<br />
Noise Level (NC)<br />
Primary Air Pressure Drop<br />
<strong>Chilled</strong> Water Pressure Loss<br />
T INDUCED AIR - T ENTERING CHILLED WATER<br />
<strong>Beam</strong> Length (Nominal Length in Feet)<br />
4 Feet 6 Feet 8 Feet<br />
10 Feet<br />
Multiply by 1.03 No Correction Multiply by 0.91 Multiply by 0.90<br />
1.35 1.15 1.0<br />
0.9<br />
2.65 2.25 2.0<br />
1.8<br />
-5 No Correction +3<br />
+4<br />
Multiply by 0.85 No Correction Multiply by 1.03 Multiply by 1.15<br />
See Figure 37 32 (DID601-US-2) or Figure 39 34 (DID601-HC-2)<br />
See Table 6 (page 38)<br />
Figure 45: 40: Cooling (2 Pipe) Performance, DID601-US-2 and DID601-HC-2<br />
44
Sensible Cooling Capacity, BTUH/LF<br />
PRIMARY AIR COOLING SECONDARY (WATER) COOLING<br />
TOTAL SENSIBLE COOLING<br />
Cooling Performance (2-Pipe) DID602<br />
1600<br />
1500<br />
1400<br />
Chart is based on 6 ft. DID602-HC-2 (2<br />
pipe) cooling with a 20˚F temperature<br />
differential between room and primary air<br />
and an 18˚F temperature differential<br />
between room and entering chilled water.<br />
For other beam lengths, see the<br />
correction factors table below.<br />
GPM CWS<br />
1300<br />
Performance at water flow rates > 1.5<br />
GPM is only achievable with DID602-HC<br />
models.<br />
3.0<br />
2.5<br />
2.0<br />
1200<br />
1.5<br />
GPM CWS<br />
1.0<br />
1100<br />
1000<br />
900<br />
800<br />
700<br />
GPM CWS<br />
3.0<br />
3.0<br />
2.5<br />
2.0<br />
1.5<br />
1.0<br />
2.5<br />
2.0<br />
1.5<br />
1.0<br />
0.8<br />
0.6<br />
0.4<br />
0.8<br />
0.6<br />
0.4<br />
0.3<br />
0.2<br />
0.8<br />
0.3<br />
600<br />
0.6<br />
0.4<br />
0.2<br />
500<br />
0.3<br />
400<br />
0.2<br />
300<br />
NC22<br />
"C" NOZZLES<br />
25 30 35 39<br />
200<br />
0.3" 0.4" 0.5"<br />
0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 0.9" 1.0"<br />
100<br />
0<br />
4.0<br />
NC 20 25<br />
0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6"<br />
30 34<br />
"B" NOZZLES<br />
0.7" 0.8" 0.9"1.0"<br />
NC 15 20 25<br />
"A" NOZZLES<br />
0.3" 0.4" 0.6" 0.8" 1.0"<br />
6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 22.0 24.0 26.0 28.0<br />
30.0<br />
Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF<br />
Corrections for Other DID602-US-2 or DID602-HC-2 Lengths & T INDUCED AIR - T ENTERING WATER<br />
Performance Parameter<br />
Sensible Cooling (BTUH/LF)<br />
Max. Recommended GPM (DID602-US-2 models)<br />
Max. Recommended GPM (DID602-HC-2 models)<br />
Noise Level (NC)<br />
Primary Air Pressure Drop<br />
<strong>Chilled</strong> Water Pressure Loss<br />
T INDUCED AIR - T ENTERING CHILLED WATER<br />
<strong>Beam</strong> Length (Nominal Length in Feet)<br />
4 Feet 6 Feet 8 Feet<br />
10 Feet<br />
Multiply by 1.03 No Correction Multiply by 0.91 Multiply by 0.90<br />
1.35 1.15 1.0<br />
0.9<br />
2.65 2.25 2.0<br />
1.8<br />
-5 No Correction +3<br />
+4<br />
Multiply by 0.85 No Correction Multiply by 1.03 Multiply by 1.15<br />
See Figure 37 (DID602-US-2) or Figure 39 (DID602-HC-2)<br />
See Table 6 (page 38)<br />
Figure 46: Cooling (2 Pipe) Performance, DID602-US-2 and DID602-HC-2<br />
45
Sensible Cooling Capacity, BTUH/LF<br />
PRIMARY AIR COOLING SECONDARY (WATER) COOLING<br />
TOTAL SENSIBLE COOLING<br />
Cooling Performance (4-Pipe) DID601<br />
1200<br />
1120<br />
1040<br />
960<br />
Chart is based on 6 ft. DID601-HC-4 (4<br />
pipe) cooling with a 20˚F temperature<br />
differential between room and primary air<br />
and an 18˚F temperature differential<br />
between room and entering chilled water.<br />
For other beam lengths, see the<br />
correction factors table below.<br />
Performance at water flow rates > 1.5<br />
GPM is only achievable with DID601-HC<br />
models.<br />
GPMCWS<br />
880<br />
800<br />
GPMCWS<br />
3.0<br />
2.5<br />
2.0<br />
720<br />
640<br />
GPMCWS<br />
3.0<br />
3.0<br />
2.5<br />
2.0<br />
1.5<br />
1.0<br />
1.5<br />
1.0<br />
0.8<br />
0.6<br />
560<br />
480<br />
400<br />
2.5<br />
2.0<br />
1.5<br />
1.0<br />
0.8<br />
0.6<br />
0.8<br />
0.6<br />
0.4<br />
0.3<br />
0.4<br />
0.3<br />
0.2<br />
320<br />
0.4<br />
0.3<br />
0.2<br />
240<br />
0.2<br />
160<br />
NC 22<br />
"C" NOZZLES<br />
25 30 35 39<br />
80<br />
0<br />
NC 20 25<br />
0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6"<br />
NC 15 20 25<br />
"A" NOZZLES<br />
0.3" 0.4" 0.6" 0.8" 1.0"<br />
0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 0.9" 1.0"<br />
30 34<br />
"B" NOZZLES<br />
0.7" 0.8" 0.9"1.0"<br />
2.0<br />
3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0<br />
Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF<br />
15.0<br />
Corrections for Other DID601-US-4 or DID601-HC-4 Lengths & T INDUCED AIR - T ENTERING WATER<br />
Performance Parameter<br />
Sensible Cooling (BTUH/LF)<br />
Max. Recommended GPM (DID601-US-4 models)<br />
Max. Recommended GPM (DID601-HC-4 models)<br />
Noise Level (NC)<br />
Primary Air Pressure Drop<br />
<strong>Chilled</strong> Water Pressure Loss<br />
TINDUCED AIR - TENTERING CHILLED WATER<br />
<strong>Beam</strong> Length (Nominal Length in Feet)<br />
4 Feet 6 Feet 8 Feet<br />
10 Feet<br />
Multiply by 1.03 No Correction Multiply by 0.91 Multiply by 0.90<br />
1.5 1.35 1.2<br />
1.1<br />
3.0 2.65 2.35<br />
2.1<br />
-5 No Correction +3<br />
+4<br />
Multiply by 0.85 No Correction Multiply by 1.03 Multiply by 1.15<br />
See Figure 38 33 (DID601-US-4) or Figure 40 35 (DID601-HC-4)<br />
See Table 6 (page 38)<br />
Figure 47: 42: Cooling (4 Pipe) Performance, DID601-US-4 and DID601-HC-4<br />
46
Sensible Cooling Capacity, BTUH/LF<br />
PRIMARY AIR COOLING SECONDARY (WATER) COOLING<br />
TOTAL SENSIBLE COOLING<br />
Cooling Performance (4-Pipe) DID602<br />
1600<br />
1500<br />
1400<br />
Chart is based on 6 ft. DID602-HC-4 (4<br />
pipe) cooling with a 20˚F temperature<br />
differential between room and primary air<br />
and an 18˚F temperature differential<br />
between room and entering chilled water.<br />
For other beam lengths, see the<br />
correction factors table below.<br />
GPMCWS<br />
1300<br />
Performance at water flow rates > 1.5<br />
GPM is only achievable with DID602-HC<br />
models.<br />
3.0<br />
2.5<br />
1200<br />
GPMCWS<br />
2.0<br />
1.5<br />
1100<br />
1000<br />
GPMCWS<br />
3.0<br />
2.5<br />
2.0<br />
1.0<br />
0.8<br />
0.6<br />
900<br />
800<br />
3.0<br />
2.5<br />
2.0<br />
1.5<br />
1.5<br />
1.0<br />
0.8<br />
0.6<br />
0.4<br />
0.3<br />
0.2<br />
700<br />
600<br />
500<br />
1.0<br />
0.8<br />
0.6<br />
0.4<br />
0.3<br />
0.4<br />
0.3<br />
0.2<br />
400<br />
0.2<br />
300<br />
NC 22<br />
"C" NOZZLES<br />
25 30 35 39<br />
200<br />
0.3" 0.4" 0.5"<br />
0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 0.9" 1.0"<br />
100<br />
0<br />
NC 20 25<br />
0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6"<br />
NC 15 20 25<br />
"A" NOZZLES<br />
0.3" 0.4" 0.6" 0.8" 1.0"<br />
30 34<br />
0.7" 0.8" 0.9"1.0"<br />
"B" NOZZLES<br />
4.0<br />
6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 22.0 24.0 26.0 28.0<br />
30.0<br />
Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF<br />
Corrections for Other DID602-US-4 or DID602-HC-4 Lengths & T INDUCED AIR - T ENTERING WATER<br />
Performance Parameter<br />
Sensible Cooling (BTUH/LF)<br />
Max. Recommended GPM (DID602-US-4 models)<br />
Max. Recommended GPM (DID602-HC-4 models)<br />
Noise Level (NC)<br />
Primary Air Pressure Drop<br />
<strong>Chilled</strong> Water Pressure Loss<br />
TINDUCED AIR - TENTERING CHILLED WATER<br />
<strong>Beam</strong> Length (Nominal Length in Feet)<br />
4 Feet 6 Feet 8 Feet<br />
10 Feet<br />
Multiply by 1.03 No Correction Multiply by 0.91 Multiply by 0.90<br />
1.5 1.35 1.2<br />
1.1<br />
3.0 2.65 2.35<br />
2.1<br />
-5 No Correction +3<br />
+4<br />
Multiply by 0.85 No Correction Multiply by 1.03 Multiply by 1.15<br />
See Figure 33 38 (DID602-US-4) or Figure 40 35 (DID602-HC-4)<br />
See Table 6 (page 38)<br />
Figure 48: 43: Cooling (4 Pipe) Performance, DID602-US-4 and DID602-HC-4<br />
47
PRIMARY AIR COOLING<br />
Net Sensible Heating Capacity, BTUH/LF<br />
WATER SIDE HEATING<br />
NET SENSIBLE HEATING<br />
Heating Performance (4-Pipe) DID601<br />
1200<br />
1100<br />
Chart is based on 6 ft. DID601-HC-4 (4 pipe) heating<br />
with a 20˚F temperature differential between room and<br />
primary air and a 50˚F temperature differential<br />
between room and entering hot water. For other beam<br />
lengths, see the correction factors table below.<br />
1000<br />
900<br />
GPMHWS<br />
GPMHWS<br />
800<br />
700<br />
GPMHWS<br />
1.5<br />
1.0<br />
1.5<br />
1.0<br />
0.8<br />
1.5<br />
1.0<br />
0.8<br />
600<br />
0.8<br />
0.6<br />
0.6<br />
0.6<br />
500<br />
400<br />
0.4<br />
0.4<br />
0.3<br />
0.3<br />
0.2 0.2<br />
0.4<br />
0.3<br />
300<br />
0.2<br />
200<br />
100<br />
0<br />
-100<br />
-200<br />
-300<br />
-400<br />
"A" NOZZLES<br />
NC 15 20 25<br />
0.3" 0.4" 0.6" 0.8" 1.0"<br />
NC 20<br />
"B" NOZZLES<br />
0.3" 0.4"<br />
25<br />
30 34<br />
0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 0.9"1.0"<br />
-500<br />
"C" NOZZLES<br />
NC 22 25 30 35 39<br />
0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 0.9" 1.0"<br />
2.0<br />
3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0<br />
Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF<br />
15.0<br />
Corrections for Other DID601-US-4 or DID601-HC-4 Lengths & T ENTERING WATER - T INDUCED AIR<br />
Performance Parameter<br />
Water Side Heating (BTUH/LF)<br />
Max. Recommended GPM (DID601-US-4 models)<br />
Max. Recommended GPM (DID601-HC-4 models)<br />
Noise Level (NC)<br />
<strong>Beam</strong> Length (Nominal Length in Feet)<br />
4 Feet 6 Feet 8 Feet<br />
10 Feet<br />
Multiply by 1.04 No Correction Multiply by 0.88 Multiply by 0.85<br />
1.5 1.5 1.5<br />
1.5<br />
1.5 1.5 1.5<br />
1.5<br />
-5 No Correction +3<br />
+4<br />
Primary Air Pressure Drop<br />
Multiply by 0.85 No Correction Multiply by 1.03 Multiply by 1.15<br />
Hot Water Pressure Loss See Figure 36 41<br />
TENTERING HOT WATER - TINDUCED AIR<br />
See Table 7 (page 38)<br />
Figure 49: 52: 44: Heating (4 Pipe) Performance, DID601-US-4 and DID601-HC-4<br />
48
PRIMARY AIR COOLING<br />
Net Sensible Heating Capacity, BTUH/LF<br />
WATER SIDE HEATING<br />
NET SENSIBLE HEATING<br />
Heating Performance (4-Pipe) DID602<br />
1000<br />
900<br />
800<br />
Chart is based on 6 ft. DID602-HC-4 (4<br />
pipe) heating with a 20˚F temperature<br />
differential between room and primary air<br />
and a 50˚F temperature differential<br />
between room and entering hot water.<br />
For other beam lengths, see the<br />
correction factors table below.<br />
GPMHWS<br />
GPMHWS<br />
700<br />
600<br />
500<br />
1.5<br />
1.0<br />
0.8<br />
0.6<br />
1.5<br />
1.0<br />
0.8<br />
0.6<br />
GPMHWS<br />
1.5<br />
1.0<br />
0.8<br />
400<br />
0.4<br />
0.3<br />
0.4<br />
0.6<br />
300<br />
0.2<br />
0.3<br />
0.4<br />
200<br />
0.2<br />
0.3<br />
100<br />
0.2<br />
0<br />
-100<br />
-200<br />
-300<br />
-400<br />
"A" NOZZLES<br />
NC 15 20 25<br />
0.3" 0.4" 0.6" 0.8" 1.0"<br />
-500<br />
-600<br />
"B" NOZZLES<br />
NC 20<br />
0.3" 0.4"<br />
25<br />
30 34<br />
0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 0.9"1.0"<br />
-700<br />
"C" NOZZLES<br />
NC 22 25 30 35 39<br />
0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 0.9" 1.0"<br />
4.0<br />
6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 22.0 24.0 26.0 28.0<br />
Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF<br />
30.0<br />
Corrections for Other DID602-US-4 or DID602-HC-4 Lengths & T ENTERING WATER - T INDUCED AIR<br />
Performance Parameter<br />
Water Side Heating (BTUH/LF)<br />
Max. Recommended GPM (DID602-US-4 models)<br />
Max. Recommended GPM (DID602-HC-4 models)<br />
Noise Level (NC)<br />
<strong>Beam</strong> Length (Nominal Length in Feet)<br />
4 Feet 6 Feet 8 Feet<br />
10 Feet<br />
Multiply by 1.04 No Correction Multiply by 0.88 Multiply by 0.85<br />
1.5 1.5 1.5<br />
1.5<br />
1.5 1.5 1.5<br />
1.5<br />
-5 No Correction +3<br />
+4<br />
Primary Air Pressure Drop<br />
Multiply by 0.85 No Correction Multiply by 1.03 Multiply by 1.15<br />
Hot Water Pressure Loss See Figure 36 41<br />
TENTERING HOT WATER - TINDUCED AIR<br />
See Table 7 (page 38)<br />
Figure 50: 45: Heating (4 Pipe) Performance, DID602-US-4 and DID602-HC-4<br />
49
PRIMARY AIR COOLING<br />
Sensible Cooling Capacity, BTUH/LF<br />
TOTAL SENSIBLE COOLING<br />
SECONDARY (WATER) COOLING<br />
Cooling Performance (2-Pipe) DID621<br />
1120<br />
1040<br />
960<br />
880<br />
Chart is based on 6 ft. DID621-HC-2 (2<br />
pipe) cooling with a 20˚F temperature<br />
differential between room and primary air<br />
and an 18˚F temperature differential<br />
between room and entering chilled water.<br />
For other beam lengths, see the<br />
correction factors table below.<br />
Performance at water flow rates > 1.5<br />
GPM is only achievable with DID621-HC<br />
models.<br />
GPM CWS<br />
800<br />
720<br />
640<br />
3.0<br />
2.5<br />
2.0<br />
GPM CWS<br />
1.5<br />
1.0<br />
560<br />
3.0<br />
0.6<br />
480<br />
400<br />
2.0<br />
1.5<br />
1.0<br />
0.6<br />
0.4<br />
0.4<br />
0.3<br />
0.2<br />
320<br />
0.3<br />
0.2<br />
240<br />
160<br />
"G" NOZZLES<br />
80<br />
NC<br />
15<br />
20<br />
25 30 35 37<br />
0<br />
NC<br />
0.2" 0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 0.9"<br />
15 20 25 27<br />
0.2" 0.3" 0.4" 0.6" 0.8" 1.0"<br />
"M" NOZZLES<br />
1.0"<br />
1.0<br />
2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0<br />
Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF<br />
Corrections for Other DID621-US-2 or DID621-HC-2 Lengths & T INDUCED AIR - T ENTERING WATER<br />
Performance Parameter<br />
Sensible Cooling (BTUH/LF)<br />
Max. Recommended GPM (DID621-US-2 models)<br />
Max. Recommended GPM (DID621-HC-2 models)<br />
Noise Level (NC)<br />
Primary Air Pressure Drop<br />
<strong>Chilled</strong> Water Pressure Loss<br />
T INDUCED AIR - T ENTERING WATER<br />
<strong>Beam</strong> Length (Nominal Length in Feet)<br />
4 feet 6 feet 8 feet<br />
10 feet<br />
Multiply by 1.02 No Correction Multiply by 0.98 Multiply by 0.90<br />
1.35 1.15 1.0<br />
0.9<br />
2.65 2.25 2.0<br />
1.8<br />
-5 No Correction +3<br />
+6<br />
Multiply by 1.03 No Correction Multiply by .98 Multiply by .97<br />
See Figure 32 37 (DID621-US-2) or 39 34 (DID621-HC-2)<br />
See Table 6 (page38)<br />
Figure 51: 46: Cooling (2 Pipe) Performance, DID621-US-2 and DID621-HC-2<br />
50
PRIMARY AIR COOLING<br />
Sensible Cooling Capacity, BTUH/LF<br />
TOTAL SENSIBLE COOLING<br />
SECONDARY (WATER) COOLING<br />
Cooling Performance (2-Pipe) DID622<br />
1500<br />
1400<br />
1300<br />
1200<br />
Chart is based on 6 ft. DID622-HC-2 (2<br />
pipe) cooling with a 20˚F temperature<br />
differential between room and primary air<br />
and an 18˚F temperature differential<br />
between room and entering chilled water.<br />
For other beam lengths, see the<br />
correction factors table below.<br />
Performance at water flow rates > 1.5<br />
GPM is only achievable with DID622-HC<br />
models.<br />
GPMCWS<br />
1100<br />
1000<br />
900<br />
3.0<br />
2.5<br />
2.0<br />
1.5<br />
1.0<br />
800<br />
GPMCWS<br />
0.6<br />
0.4<br />
700<br />
600<br />
500<br />
400<br />
3.0<br />
2.0<br />
1.5<br />
1.0<br />
0.6<br />
0.4<br />
0.3<br />
0.2<br />
0.3<br />
0.2<br />
300<br />
"G" NOZZLES<br />
200<br />
NC<br />
15<br />
20<br />
25 30 35 37<br />
100<br />
NC<br />
0.2" 0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 0.9"<br />
15 20 25 27<br />
0.2" 0.3" 0.4" 0.6" 0.8" 1.0"<br />
"M" NOZZLES<br />
1.0"<br />
2.0<br />
4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 22.0 24.0 26.0<br />
Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF<br />
Corrections for Other DID622-US-2 or DID622-HC-2 Lengths & T INDUCED AIR - T ENTERING<br />
WATER<br />
Performance Parameter<br />
<strong>Beam</strong> Length (Nominal Length in Feet)<br />
4 feet 6 feet 8 feet<br />
10 feet<br />
Sensible Cooling (BTUH/LF)<br />
Max. Recommended GPM (DID622-US-2 models)<br />
Max. Recommended GPM (DID622-HC-2models)<br />
Noise Level (NC)<br />
Primary Air Pressure Drop<br />
<strong>Chilled</strong> Water Pressure Loss<br />
TINDUCED AIR - TENTERING CHILLED WATER<br />
Multiply by 1.02 No Correction Multiply by 0.98 Multiply by 0.90<br />
1.35 1.15 1.0<br />
0.9<br />
2.65 2.25 2.0<br />
1.8<br />
-5 No Correction +3<br />
+6<br />
Multiply by 1.02 No Correction Multiply by .98 Multiply by .97<br />
See Figure 37 32 (DID622-US-2) or Figure 39 34 (DID622-HC-2)<br />
See table 6 (page38)<br />
Figure 47: 52: Cooling (2 Pipe) Performance, DID622-US-2 and DID622-HC-2<br />
51
PRIMARY AIR COOLING<br />
Sensible Cooling Capacity, BTUH/LF<br />
TOTAL SENSIBLE COOLING<br />
SECONDARY (WATER) COOLING<br />
Cooling Performance (4-Pipe) DID621<br />
1120<br />
1040<br />
960<br />
880<br />
Chart is based on 6 ft. DID621-HC-4 (4<br />
pipe) cooling with a 20˚F temperature<br />
differential between room and primary air<br />
and an 18˚F temperature differential<br />
between room and entering chilled water.<br />
For other beam lengths, see the<br />
correction factors table below.<br />
Performance at water flow rates > 1.5<br />
GPM is only achievable with DID621-HC<br />
models.<br />
GPMCWS<br />
800<br />
720<br />
640<br />
3.0<br />
2.5<br />
2.0<br />
GPMCWS<br />
1.5<br />
560<br />
1.0<br />
0.6<br />
480<br />
400<br />
3.0<br />
2.0<br />
1.5<br />
1.0<br />
0.6<br />
0.4<br />
0.3<br />
0.2<br />
320<br />
0.4<br />
0.3<br />
240<br />
0.2<br />
160<br />
"G" NOZZLES<br />
80<br />
NC<br />
15<br />
20<br />
25 30 35 37<br />
0<br />
NC<br />
0.2" 0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 0.9"<br />
15 20 25 27<br />
0.2" 0.3" 0.4" 0.6" 0.8" 1.0"<br />
"M" NOZZLES<br />
1.0"<br />
1.0<br />
2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0<br />
Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF<br />
Corrections for Other DID621-US-4 or DID621-HC-4 Lengths & T INDUCED AIR - T ENTERING<br />
WATER<br />
Performance Parameter<br />
<strong>Beam</strong> Length (Nominal Length in Feet)<br />
4 feet 6 feet 8 feet<br />
10 feet<br />
Sensible Cooling (BTUH/LF)<br />
Max. Recommended GPM (DID621-US-4 models)<br />
Max. Recommended GPM (DID621-HC-4 models)<br />
Noise Level (NC)<br />
Primary Air Pressure Drop<br />
<strong>Chilled</strong> Water Pressure Loss<br />
Multiply by 1.02 No Correction Multiply by 0.98 Multiply by 0.90<br />
1.5 1.35 1.2<br />
1.1<br />
3.0 2.65 2.35<br />
2.1<br />
-5 No Correction +3<br />
+6<br />
Multiply by 1.03 No Correction Multiply by .98 Multiply by .97<br />
See Figure 38 33 (DID621-US-4) or Figure 40 35 (DID621-HC-4)<br />
TINDUCED AIR - TENTERING CHILLED WATER See Table 6 (page 38)<br />
Figure 48: 53: Cooling (4 Pipe) Performance, DID621-US-4 and DID621-HC-4<br />
52
PRIMARY AIR COOLING<br />
Sensible Cooling Capacity, BTUH/LF<br />
TOTAL SENSIBLE COOLING<br />
SECONDARY (WATER) COOLING<br />
Cooling Performance (4-Pipe) DID622<br />
1500<br />
1400<br />
1300<br />
1200<br />
Chart is based on 6 ft. DID622-HC-4 (4<br />
pipe) cooling with a 20˚F temperature<br />
differential between room and primary air<br />
and an 18˚F temperature differential<br />
between room and entering chilled water.<br />
For other beam lengths, see the<br />
correction factors table below.<br />
Performance at water flow rates > 1.5<br />
GPM is only achievable with DID622-HC<br />
models.<br />
GPMCWS<br />
1100<br />
1000<br />
3.0<br />
2.5<br />
2.0<br />
900<br />
GPMCWS<br />
1.5<br />
1.0<br />
800<br />
0.6<br />
700<br />
600<br />
3.0<br />
2.5<br />
1.5<br />
1.0<br />
0.4<br />
0.3<br />
0.2<br />
500<br />
0.6<br />
400<br />
300<br />
0.4<br />
0.2<br />
"G" NOZZLES<br />
200<br />
NC<br />
15<br />
20<br />
25 30 35 37<br />
100<br />
NC<br />
0.2" 0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 0.9"<br />
15 20 25 27<br />
0.2" 0.3" 0.4" 0.6" 0.8" 1.0"<br />
"M" NOZZLES<br />
1.0"<br />
2.0<br />
4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 22.0 24.0 26.0<br />
Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF<br />
Corrections for Other DID622-US-4 or DID622-HC-4 Lengths & T INDUCED AIR - T ENTERING WATER<br />
Performance Parameter<br />
Sensible Cooling (BTUH/LF)<br />
Max. Recommended GPM (DID622-US-4 models)<br />
Max. Recommended GPM (DID622-HC-4 models)<br />
Noise Level (NC)<br />
Primary Air Pressure Drop<br />
<strong>Chilled</strong> Water Pressure Loss<br />
<strong>Beam</strong> Length (Nominal Length in Feet)<br />
4 feet 6 feet 8 feet<br />
10 feet<br />
Multiply by 1.02 No Correction Multiply by 0.98 Multiply by 0.90<br />
1.5 1.35 1.2<br />
1.05<br />
3.0 2.65 2.3<br />
2.1<br />
-5 No Correction +3<br />
+6<br />
Multiply by 1.03 No Correction Multiply by .98 Multiply by .97<br />
See Figure 38 33 (DID622-US-4) or Figure 40 35 (DID622-HC-4)<br />
TINDUCED AIR - TENTERING HOT WATER See Table 7 (page 38)<br />
Figure 54: 49: Cooling (4 Pipe) Performance, DID622-US-4 and DID622-HC-4<br />
53
PRIMARY AIR<br />
COOLING<br />
Net Sensible Heating Capacity, BTUH/LF<br />
NET SENSIBLE HEATING<br />
WATERSIDE HEATING<br />
Heating Performance (4-Pipe) DID621<br />
1050<br />
950<br />
850<br />
Chart is based on 6 ft. DID621-US-4 or<br />
DID621-HC-4 (4 pipe) heating with a 20˚F<br />
temperature differential between room<br />
and primary air and an 50˚F temperature<br />
differential between room and entering<br />
hot water. For other beam lengths, see<br />
the correction factors table below.<br />
GPM HWS<br />
750<br />
650<br />
GPM HWS<br />
1.5<br />
550<br />
450<br />
1.5<br />
1.0<br />
0.6<br />
1.0<br />
0.6<br />
0.4<br />
350<br />
0.4<br />
0.3<br />
250<br />
150<br />
0.3<br />
0.2<br />
0.2<br />
50<br />
0<br />
-50<br />
-150<br />
NC<br />
15 20 25 27<br />
-250<br />
0.2" 0.3" 0.4" 0.6" 0.8" 1.0"<br />
"M" NOZZLES<br />
"G" NOZZLES<br />
NC<br />
15<br />
20<br />
25 30 35 37<br />
0.2"<br />
0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 0.9"<br />
1.0"<br />
1.0<br />
2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0<br />
Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF<br />
Corrections for Other DID621-US-4 or DID621-HC-4 Lengths & T ENTERING WATER - T INDUCED AIR<br />
Performance Parameter<br />
Water Side Heating (BTUH/LF)<br />
Max. Recommended GPM (DID621-US-4 models)<br />
Max. Recommended GPM (DID621-HC-4 models)<br />
Noise Level (NC)<br />
Primary Air Pressure Drop<br />
<strong>Beam</strong> Length (Nominal Length in Feet)<br />
4 Feet 6 Feet 8 Feet<br />
10 Feet<br />
Multiply by 1.03 No Correction Multiply by 0.96 Multiply by 0.92<br />
1.5 1.5 1.5<br />
1.5<br />
1.5 1.5 1.5<br />
1.5<br />
-5 No Correction +3<br />
+6<br />
Multiply by 1.03 No Correction Multiply by 0.98 Multiply by 0.97<br />
Hot Water Pressure Loss See Figure 36 41<br />
T ENTERING HOT WATER - T INDUCED AIR<br />
See table 7 (page 38)<br />
Figure 55: 50: Heating (4 Pipe) Performance, DID621-US-4 and DID621-HC-4<br />
54
PRIMARY AIR COOLING<br />
Net Sensible Heating Capacity, BTUH/LF<br />
WATER SIDE HEATING<br />
NET SENSIBLE HEATING<br />
Heating Performance (4-Pipe) DID622<br />
1000<br />
900<br />
800<br />
Chart is based on 6 ft. DID622-US-4 or<br />
DID622-HC-4 (4 pipe) heating with a 20˚F<br />
temperature differential between room<br />
and primary air and an 50˚F temperature<br />
differential between room and entering<br />
hot water. For other beam lengths, see<br />
the correction factors table below.<br />
GPMHWS<br />
700<br />
GPMHWS<br />
1.5<br />
1.0<br />
600<br />
1.5<br />
0.8<br />
500<br />
400<br />
1.0<br />
0.8<br />
0.6<br />
0.6<br />
0.4<br />
300<br />
0.4<br />
0.3<br />
0.3<br />
200<br />
0.2<br />
100<br />
0.2<br />
0<br />
-100<br />
-200<br />
-300<br />
NC<br />
15 20 25 27<br />
-400<br />
0.2" 0.3" 0.4" 0.6" 0.8" 1.0"<br />
"M" NOZZLES<br />
-500<br />
"G" NOZZLES<br />
NC<br />
15<br />
20<br />
25 30 35 37<br />
0.2"<br />
0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 0.9"<br />
1.0"<br />
2.0<br />
4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 22.0 24.0 26.0<br />
Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF<br />
Corrections for Other DID622-US-4 or DID622-HC-4 Lengths & T ENTERING WATER - T INDUCED AIR<br />
Performance Parameter<br />
Water Side Heating (BTUH/LF)<br />
Max. Recommended GPM (DID622-US-4 models)<br />
Max. Recommended GPM (DID622-HC-4 models)<br />
Noise Level (NC)<br />
Primary Air Pressure Drop<br />
<strong>Beam</strong> Length (Nominal Length in Feet)<br />
4 Feet 6 Feet 8 Feet<br />
10 Feet<br />
Multiply by 1.03 No Correction Multiply by 0.96 Multiply by 0.92<br />
1.5 1.5 1.5<br />
1.5<br />
1.5 1.5 1.5<br />
1.5<br />
-5 No Correction +3<br />
+6<br />
Multiply by 1.02 No Correction Multiply by 0.98 Multiply by 0.97<br />
Hot Water Pressure Loss See Figure 41 36<br />
TENTERING HOT WATER - TINDUCED AIR<br />
See Table 7 (page 38)<br />
Figure 56: 51: Heating (4 Pipe) Performance, DID622-US-4 and DID622-HC-4<br />
55
Sensible Cooling Capacity, BTUH/LF<br />
PRIMARY AIR COOLING SECONDARY (WATER) COOLING<br />
TOTAL SENSIBLE COOLING<br />
Cooling Performance (2-Pipe) DID301<br />
750<br />
700<br />
650<br />
Chart is based on 6 ft. DID301-US-2 (2<br />
pipe) cooling with a 20˚F temperature<br />
differential between room and primary air<br />
and an 18˚F temperature differential<br />
between room and entering chilled water.<br />
For other beam lengths, see the<br />
correction factors table below.<br />
600<br />
GPMCWS<br />
550<br />
500<br />
GPMCWS<br />
1.5<br />
1.0<br />
450<br />
0.8<br />
400<br />
350<br />
GPMCWS<br />
1.5<br />
1.0<br />
0.8<br />
0.6<br />
0.4<br />
0.3<br />
0.2<br />
300<br />
250<br />
1.5<br />
1.0<br />
0.8<br />
0.6<br />
0.6<br />
0.4<br />
0.3<br />
0.2<br />
200<br />
150<br />
0.4<br />
0.3<br />
0.2<br />
"C" NOZZLES<br />
100<br />
NC<br />
0.2"<br />
20<br />
25 30 35 39<br />
0.3" 0.4" 0.5"<br />
0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 0.9" 1.0"<br />
50<br />
NC 15<br />
0.2"<br />
20<br />
0.3"<br />
25<br />
0.4"<br />
30<br />
0.5" 0.6"<br />
35<br />
37<br />
0.8" 1.0"<br />
"B" NOZZLES<br />
0<br />
NC 15 20 25 30 33<br />
0.3" 0.3" 0.4" 0.6" 0.8" 1.0"<br />
"A" NOZZLES<br />
2.0<br />
3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0<br />
Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF<br />
150.0<br />
Corrections for Other DID301-US-2 Lengths & T INDUCED AIR - T ENTERING WATER<br />
Performance Parameter<br />
Sensible Cooling (BTUH/LF)<br />
Max. Recommended GPM (DID301-US-2 models)<br />
Noise Level (NC)<br />
Primary Air Pressure Drop<br />
<strong>Beam</strong> Length (Nominal Length in Feet)<br />
4 Feet 6 Feet 8 Feet<br />
10 Feet<br />
Multiply by 1.02 No Correction Multiply by 0.97 Multiply by 0.95<br />
1.5 1.5 1.45<br />
1.35<br />
-1 No Correction +1<br />
+2<br />
Multiply by 0.74 No Correction Multiply by 1.03 Multiply by 1.07<br />
<strong>Chilled</strong> Water Pressure Loss See Figure 37 42<br />
TINDUCED AIR - TENTERING CHILLED WATER<br />
See Table 6 (page 38)<br />
Figure 57: 52: Cooling (2 Pipe) Performance, DID301-US-2<br />
56
Sensible Cooling Capacity, BTUH/LF<br />
PRIMARY AIR COOLING SECONDARY (WATER) COOLING<br />
TOTAL SENSIBLE COOLING<br />
Cooling Performance (2-Pipe) DID302<br />
1500<br />
1400<br />
1300<br />
Chart is based on 6 ft. DID302-US-2 (2<br />
pipe) cooling with a 20˚F temperature<br />
differential between room and primary air<br />
and an 18˚F temperature differential<br />
between room and entering chilled water.<br />
For other beam lengths, see the<br />
correction factors table below.<br />
GPMCWS<br />
1200<br />
1100<br />
1.5<br />
1.0<br />
1000<br />
900<br />
GPMCWS<br />
0.8<br />
0.6<br />
0.4<br />
800<br />
1.5<br />
1.0<br />
0.3<br />
0.2<br />
GPMCWS<br />
700<br />
0.8<br />
0.6<br />
600<br />
1.5<br />
1.0<br />
0.4<br />
0.3<br />
500<br />
0.8<br />
0.6<br />
0.2<br />
0.4<br />
400<br />
0.3<br />
0.2<br />
300<br />
"C" NOZZLES<br />
200<br />
NC<br />
0.2"<br />
20<br />
25 30 35 39<br />
0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 0.9" 1.0"<br />
100<br />
NC 15<br />
0.2"<br />
20<br />
0.3"<br />
25<br />
0.4"<br />
30<br />
0.5" 0.6"<br />
35<br />
37<br />
0.8" 1.0"<br />
"B" NOZZLES<br />
0<br />
NC 15 20 25 30 33<br />
0.3" 0.3" 0.4" 0.6" 0.8" 1.0"<br />
"A" NOZZLES<br />
4.0<br />
6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 22.0 24.0 26.0 28.0<br />
Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF<br />
30.0<br />
Corrections for Other DID302-US-2 Lengths & T INDUCED AIR - T ENTERING WATER<br />
Performance Parameter<br />
Sensible Cooling (BTUH/LF)<br />
Max. Recommended GPM (DID302-US-2 models)<br />
Noise Level (NC)<br />
Primary Air Pressure Drop<br />
<strong>Beam</strong> Length (Nominal Length in Feet)<br />
4 Feet 6 Feet 8 Feet<br />
10 Feet<br />
Multiply by 1.02 No Correction Multiply by 0.97 Multiply by 0.95<br />
1.35 1.15 1.0<br />
0.9<br />
-1 No Correction +1<br />
+2<br />
Multiply by 0.74 No Correction Multiply by 1.03 Multiply by 1.07<br />
<strong>Chilled</strong> Water Pressure Loss See Figure 37 42<br />
TINDUCED AIR - TENTERING CHILLED WATER<br />
See table 6 (page 38)<br />
Figure 58: 53: Cooling (2 Pipe) Performance, DID302-US-2<br />
57
Sensible Cooling Capacity, BTUH/LF<br />
PRIMARY AIR COOLING SECONDARY (WATER) COOLING<br />
TOTAL SENSIBLE COOLING<br />
Cooling Performance (4-Pipe) DID301<br />
750<br />
700<br />
650<br />
Chart is based on 6 ft. DID301-US-4 (4<br />
pipe) cooling with a 20˚F temperature<br />
differential between room and primary air<br />
and an 18˚F temperature differential<br />
between room and entering chilled water.<br />
For other beam lengths, see the<br />
correction factors table below.<br />
600<br />
550<br />
500<br />
GPMCWS<br />
450<br />
400<br />
350<br />
GPMCWS<br />
1.5<br />
1.5<br />
1.0<br />
0.5<br />
0.3<br />
GPMCWS<br />
300<br />
1.0<br />
250<br />
1.5<br />
0.5<br />
0.3<br />
200<br />
1.0<br />
0.5<br />
150<br />
0.3<br />
"C" NOZZLES<br />
100<br />
NC<br />
0.2"<br />
20<br />
25 30 35 39<br />
0.3" 0.4" 0.5"<br />
0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 0.9" 1.0"<br />
50<br />
NC 15<br />
0.2"<br />
20<br />
0.3"<br />
25<br />
0.4"<br />
30<br />
0.5" 0.6"<br />
35<br />
37<br />
0.8" 1.0"<br />
"B" NOZZLES<br />
0<br />
NC 15 20 25 30 33<br />
0.3" 0.3" 0.4" 0.6" 0.8" 1.0"<br />
"A" NOZZLES<br />
2.0<br />
3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0<br />
Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF<br />
15.0<br />
Corrections for Other DID301-US-4 Lengths & T INDUCED AIR - T ENTERING WATER<br />
Performance Parameter<br />
Sensible Cooling (BTUH/LF)<br />
Max. Recommended GPM (DID301-US-4 models)<br />
Noise Level (NC)<br />
Primary Air Pressure Drop<br />
<strong>Beam</strong> Length (Nominal Length in Feet)<br />
4 Feet 6 Feet 8 Feet<br />
10 Feet<br />
Multiply by 1.02 No Correction Multiply by 0.97 Multiply by 0.95<br />
1.5 1.5 1.5<br />
1.5<br />
-1 No Correction +1<br />
+2<br />
Multiply by 0.74 No Correction Multiply by 1.03 Multiply by 1.07<br />
<strong>Chilled</strong> Water Pressure Loss See Figure 38 43<br />
TINDUCED AIR - TENTERING CHILLED WATER<br />
See Table 6 (page 38)<br />
Figure 54: 59: Cooling (4 Pipe) Performance, DID301-US-4<br />
58
Sensible Cooling Capacity, BTUH/LF<br />
PRIMARY AIR COOLING SECONDARY (WATER) COOLING<br />
TOTAL SENSIBLE COOLING<br />
Cooling Performance (4-Pipe) DID302<br />
1500<br />
1400<br />
1300<br />
Chart is based on 6 ft. DID302-US-4 (4<br />
pipe) cooling with a 20˚F temperature<br />
differential between room and primary air<br />
and an 18˚F temperature differential<br />
between room and entering chilled water.<br />
For other beam lengths, see the<br />
correction factors table below.<br />
1200<br />
1100<br />
GPMCWS<br />
1000<br />
1.5<br />
900<br />
800<br />
GPMCWS<br />
1.5<br />
1.0<br />
0.8<br />
0.6<br />
0.4<br />
1.0<br />
0.3<br />
700<br />
GPMCWS<br />
0.8<br />
0.2<br />
600<br />
500<br />
1.5<br />
1.0<br />
0.8<br />
0.6<br />
0.4<br />
0.3<br />
0.2<br />
400<br />
0.6<br />
0.4<br />
300<br />
0.2<br />
"C" NOZZLES<br />
200<br />
NC<br />
0.2"<br />
20<br />
25 30 35 39<br />
0.3" 0.4" 0.5"<br />
0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 0.9" 1.0"<br />
100<br />
NC 15<br />
0.2"<br />
20<br />
0.3"<br />
25<br />
0.4"<br />
30<br />
0.5" 0.6"<br />
35<br />
37<br />
0.8" 1.0"<br />
"B" NOZZLES<br />
0<br />
NC 15 20 25 30 33<br />
0.3" 0.3" 0.4" 0.6" 0.8" 1.0"<br />
"A" NOZZLES<br />
4.0<br />
6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 22.0 24.0 26.0 28.0<br />
Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF<br />
30.0<br />
Corrections for Other DID302-US-2 Lengths & T INDUCED AIR - T ENTERING WATER<br />
Performance Parameter<br />
Sensible Cooling (BTUH/LF)<br />
Max. Recommended GPM (DID302-US-2 models)<br />
Noise Level (NC)<br />
Primary Air Pressure Drop<br />
<strong>Beam</strong> Length (Nominal Length in Feet)<br />
4 Feet 6 Feet 8 Feet<br />
10 Feet<br />
Multiply by 1.02 No Correction Multiply by 0.97 Multiply by 0.95<br />
1.5 1.5 1.45<br />
1.3<br />
-1 No Correction +1<br />
+2<br />
Multiply by 0.74 No Correction Multiply by 1.03 Multiply by 1.07<br />
<strong>Chilled</strong> Water Pressure Loss See Figure 38 43<br />
TINDUCED AIR - TENTERING CHILLED WATER<br />
See Table 6 (page 38)<br />
Figure 60: 55: Cooling (4 Pipe) Performance, DID302-US-4<br />
59
Net Sensible Heating Capacity, BTUH/LF<br />
PRIMARY AIR COOLING NET SENSIBLE HEATING<br />
WATERSIDE HEATING<br />
Heating Performance (4-Pipe) DID301<br />
450 Chart is based on 6 ft. DID301-US-4 (4<br />
pipe) heating with a 20˚F temperature<br />
differential between room and primary air<br />
and an 50˚F temperature differential<br />
400 between room and entering hot water.<br />
For other beam lengths, see the<br />
correction factors table below.<br />
350<br />
GPM HWS<br />
300<br />
250<br />
200<br />
150<br />
GPM HWS<br />
0.3<br />
1.5<br />
1.0<br />
GPM HWS<br />
1.5<br />
1.0<br />
0.8<br />
0.5<br />
0.8<br />
0.5<br />
0.3<br />
1.5<br />
1.0<br />
0.8<br />
0.5<br />
100<br />
0.3<br />
50<br />
0<br />
-50<br />
-150<br />
-200<br />
NC 15 20 25 30 33<br />
0.3" 0.3" 0.4" 0.6" 0.8" 1.0"<br />
"A" NOZZLES<br />
-250<br />
NC 15<br />
0.2"<br />
20<br />
0.3"<br />
25<br />
0.4"<br />
30<br />
0.5" 0.6"<br />
35<br />
37<br />
0.8" 1.0"<br />
"B" NOZZLES<br />
"C" NOZZLES<br />
NC<br />
25 30 35 39<br />
0.3" 0.4" 0.5"<br />
0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 0.9" 1.0"<br />
2.0<br />
3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0<br />
Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF<br />
Corrections for Other DID301-US-4 Lengths & T ENTERING WATER - T INDUCED AIR<br />
Performance Parameter<br />
Water Side Heating (BTUH/LF)<br />
Max. Recommended GPM (DID301-US-4 models)<br />
Noise Level (NC)<br />
Primary Air Pressure Drop<br />
<strong>Beam</strong> Length (Nominal Length in Feet)<br />
4 Feet 6 Feet 8 Feet<br />
10 Feet<br />
Multiply by 1.03 No Correction Multiply by 0.96 Multiply by 0.92<br />
1.5 1.5 1.5<br />
1.5<br />
-1 No Correction +1<br />
+2<br />
Multiply by 1.02 No Correction Multiply by 0.98 Multiply by 0.97<br />
Hot Water Pressure Loss See Figure 39 44<br />
T ENTERING HOT WATER - T INDUCED AIR<br />
See table 7 (page 38)<br />
Figure 61: 56: Heating (4 Pipe) Performance, DID301-US-4<br />
60
Net Sensible Heating Capacity, BTUH/LF<br />
PRIMARY AIR COOLING NET SENSIBLE HEATING<br />
WATERSIDE HEATING<br />
Heating Performance (4-Pipe) DID302<br />
700 Chart is based on 6 ft. DID302-US-4 (4 pipe) heating with<br />
a 20˚F temperature differential between room and primary<br />
air and an 50˚F temperature differential between room and<br />
entering hot water. For other beam lengths, see the<br />
600 correction factors table below.<br />
500<br />
GPM HWS<br />
GPM HWS<br />
GPM HWS<br />
400<br />
300<br />
1.5<br />
1.0<br />
0.8<br />
0.6<br />
0.4<br />
1.5<br />
1.0<br />
0.8<br />
0.6<br />
0.4<br />
1.5<br />
1.0<br />
0.8<br />
200<br />
0.6<br />
100<br />
0.4<br />
0<br />
-100<br />
-200<br />
-300<br />
-400<br />
-500<br />
NC 15 20 25 30 33<br />
0.3" 0.3" 0.4" 0.6" 0.8" 1.0"<br />
"A" NOZZLES<br />
-600<br />
NC 15<br />
0.2"<br />
20<br />
0.3"<br />
25<br />
0.4"<br />
30<br />
0.5" 0.6"<br />
35<br />
37<br />
0.8" 1.0"<br />
"B" NOZZLES<br />
"C" NOZZLES<br />
NC<br />
25 30 35 39<br />
0.3" 0.4" 0.5"<br />
0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 0.9" 1.0"<br />
4.0<br />
6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 22.0 24.0 26.0 28.0<br />
Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF<br />
Corrections for Other DID302-US-4 Lengths & T ENTERING WATER - T INDUCED AIR<br />
Performance Parameter<br />
Water Side Heating (BTUH/LF)<br />
Max. Recommended GPM (DID302-US-4 models)<br />
Noise Level (NC)<br />
Primary Air Pressure Drop<br />
<strong>Beam</strong> Length (Nominal Length in Feet)<br />
4 Feet 6 Feet 8 Feet<br />
10 Feet<br />
Multiply by 1.03 No Correction Multiply by 0.96 Multiply by 0.92<br />
1.5 1.5 1.5<br />
1.5<br />
-1 No Correction +1<br />
+2<br />
Multiply by 1.02 No Correction Multiply by 0.98 Multiply by 0.97<br />
Hot Water Pressure Loss See Figure 44<br />
T ENTERING HOT WATER - T INDUCED AIR<br />
See Table 7 (page 38)<br />
Figure 62: Heating (4 Pipe) Performance, DID302-US-4<br />
61
Specification DID600<br />
DID600 Series Active <strong>Chilled</strong> <strong>Beam</strong>s<br />
PART 1- GENERAL<br />
1.01 Summary<br />
This section describes the active chilled<br />
beams.<br />
1.02 Submittals<br />
Submit product data for all items complete with the<br />
following information:<br />
1. Operating weights and dimensions of all unit<br />
assemblies.<br />
2. Performance data, including sensible and latent<br />
cooling capacities, nozzle types, primary and total<br />
supply (primary plus induced) airflow rates,<br />
chilled (and where applicable hot) water flow<br />
rates, noise levels in octave bands, air and water<br />
side pressure losses and maximum discharge air<br />
throw values.<br />
3. Construction details including manufacturers<br />
recommendations for installation, mounting and<br />
connection.<br />
PART 2- PRODUCTS<br />
2.01 General<br />
Materials and products required for the work of this<br />
section shall not contain asbestos, polychlorinated<br />
biphenyls (PCB) or other hazardous materials<br />
identified by the engineer or owner.<br />
Approved Manufacturers:<br />
These specifications set forth the minimum<br />
requirements for the active chilled beams to be<br />
accepted for this project. Products provided by the<br />
following manufacturers will be deemed acceptable<br />
provided they meet all of the construction and<br />
performance requirements of this specification:<br />
1. <strong>TROX</strong><br />
2.02 <strong>Design</strong><br />
1. Furnish and install <strong>TROX</strong> DID601 and/or DID602<br />
series active chilled beams of sizes and<br />
capacities as indicated on the drawings and<br />
within the mechanical equipment schedules. The<br />
quantity and length of the beams shall be as<br />
shown on the drawings, without EXCEPTION.<br />
The beams shall be constructed and delivered to<br />
the job site as single units.<br />
2. The face of the beam shall consist of a room air<br />
induction section of 50% free area perforated<br />
steel flanked by two linear supply slots. The<br />
entire visible face section shall be finished in<br />
white powder coat paint or as specified by the<br />
architect. All visible internal surfaces shall be flat<br />
black. The face of the beam shall be hinged for<br />
easy access to internal components.<br />
3. <strong>Beam</strong>s shall be provided with side and end<br />
details which will allow its integration into the<br />
applicable (nominal 24 inch wide) acoustical<br />
ceiling grid as specified by the architect. <strong>Beam</strong>s<br />
used for exposed mounting applications shall<br />
include factory mounted Coanda plates to assure<br />
a horizontal discharge of the supply air.<br />
4. The beams shall consist of a minimum 20 gauge<br />
galvanized steel housing encasing the integral<br />
sensible cooling coil and a plenum feeding a<br />
series of induction nozzles. A side or end<br />
mounted connection spigot shall afford the<br />
connection of a primary air supply duct (4”<br />
nominal diameter for all one way beams and 2<br />
way beams through six feet in length, 5” nominal<br />
diameter for 2 way beams longer than six feet)<br />
The overall height of the beams shall not exceed<br />
9¾ inches.<br />
5. <strong>Beam</strong>s shall incorporate provisions for<br />
measurement of their primary airflow rate. The<br />
measurement location must be accessible from<br />
the face of the beam and require a single<br />
pressure differential measurement. Airflow<br />
calibration charts that relate the measurement to<br />
the primary airflow rate shall be furnished with the<br />
beams.<br />
6. (OPTIONAL) Each beam shall be furnished with<br />
a separate volume flow limiter for mounting in the<br />
primary air duct by the installing contractor. This<br />
device shall allow field adjustment of a maximum<br />
primary air flow rate that is maintained<br />
independent of any static pressure changes in<br />
the inlet ductwork. The volume flow limiter shall<br />
add no more than 0.20 inches H 2 O pressure drop<br />
to the primary air delivery system and shall not<br />
require any control or power connections.<br />
7. <strong>Beam</strong>s shall be provided with connections for<br />
either 2 or 4 pipe operation as indicated on plans<br />
and schedules. Four pipe configurations shall<br />
require separate supply and return connections<br />
for chilled and hot water. The coils shall be<br />
mounted horizontally and shall be manufactured<br />
with seamless copper tubing (½” outside<br />
diameter) with minimum .025 inch wall thickness<br />
mechanically fixed to aluminum fins. The<br />
aluminum fins shall be limited to no more than ten<br />
(10) fins per inch. The beam shall have a working<br />
pressure of at least 300 PSI, be factory tested for<br />
leakage at a minimum pressure of 360 PSI. Each<br />
chilled beam shall be provided with factory<br />
integrated drain fittings. Each chilled beam shall<br />
be provided with factory integrated<br />
62
Specification DID600<br />
drain fittings. Unless otherwise specified, coil<br />
connections shall be bare copper for field<br />
sweating to the water supply circuit. Connections<br />
shall face upwards, be located near the left end<br />
of the beam (when viewing into the primary air<br />
connection<br />
8. (OPTIONAL) The chilled water coil shall be<br />
provided with NPT male threaded fittings where<br />
specified. These fittings must be suitable for field<br />
connection to a similar NPT female flexible hose<br />
spigot and shall be at least 1½” long to facilitate<br />
field connection (by others).<br />
9. <strong>Beam</strong>s shall be delivered clean, flushed and<br />
capped to prevent ingress of dirt.<br />
2.03 Performance<br />
1. All performance shall be in compliance with that<br />
shown on the equipment schedule. Acoustical<br />
testing shall have been performed in accordance<br />
with ISO 3741.<br />
2. Coils shall be rated in accordance with ARI<br />
Standard 410, but their cooling and heating<br />
capacities shall be established in accordance to<br />
European Standard EN15116 for the specific<br />
application on the inlet side of the submitted<br />
chilled beam. Evidence of this testing must be<br />
included in the submittal.<br />
3. Primary airflow rates shall not result in supply<br />
(primary plus induced) airflow rates in excess of<br />
80 CFM per linear foot of (two slot) beam.<br />
4. <strong>Chilled</strong> water flow rates to the beams shall be<br />
limited to that which results in a maximum ten<br />
(10) foot head loss. Water flow velocities through<br />
the beam shall not exceed 4 FPS.<br />
lowered into the grid module by adjusting the nuts<br />
connecting the threaded rods to the beam.<br />
3. Before connecting the supply water system(s) to<br />
the beams, contractor shall flush the piping<br />
system(s) to assure that all debris and other<br />
matter have been removed.<br />
4. Contractor shall perform connection of beams to<br />
the chilled water circuit by method specified (hard<br />
connection using sweated connection or<br />
connection using flexible hoses.<br />
5. Flexible connector hoses shall be furnished by<br />
others (optionally by the manufacturer). Hoses<br />
shall be twenty four (24) inches in length and<br />
suitable for operation with a bend radius as small<br />
as five (5) inches. Such hoses shall be 100%<br />
tested and certified for no leakage at 500 PSI.<br />
Connector hoses shall consist of a PFTE lined<br />
hose with a wire braided jacket. The hoses shall<br />
be suitable for operation in an environment<br />
between -40 and 200˚F, rated for a least 300 PSI<br />
and tested for leakage at a minimum pressure of<br />
360 PSI. Contractor shall assure that the chilled<br />
water supplying the beams has been properly<br />
treated in accordance to BSRIA publication AG<br />
2/93.<br />
6. No power or direct control connections shall be<br />
required for the operation of the chilled beam.<br />
3.03 Cleaning and Protection<br />
1. Protect units before, during and after installation.<br />
Damaged material due to improper site protection<br />
shall be cause for rejection.<br />
2. Clean equipment, repair damaged finishes as<br />
required to restore beams to as-new appearance.<br />
PART 3- EXECUTION<br />
3.02 Installation<br />
1. Coordinate the size, tagging and capacity of the<br />
beams to their proper location.<br />
2. (RECOMMENDED INSTALLATION<br />
PROCEDURE) <strong>Chilled</strong> beams up to six feet in<br />
length shall be independently suspended from<br />
the structure above by a four (4) threaded rods of<br />
⅜” diameter (provided by the installing<br />
contractor). For beams beyond six feet in length,<br />
six (6) threaded rods of ⅜” diameter. The upper<br />
end of the rods shall be suspended from strut<br />
channels that are a) mounted perpendicular to<br />
the beam length and b) at least four inches wider<br />
than the beam to facilitate relocation of the<br />
threaded rods along their length. The rods shall<br />
be fixed to factory mounting brackets on the<br />
beam that allow repositioning (at least four<br />
inches) along its length. The beam shall then be<br />
positioned above the acoustical ceiling grid and<br />
63
Specification DID620<br />
DID620 Series Active <strong>Chilled</strong> <strong>Beam</strong>s<br />
PART 1- GENERAL<br />
1.01 Summary<br />
This section describes the active chilled<br />
beams.<br />
1.02 Submittals<br />
Submit product data for all items complete with the<br />
following information:<br />
1. Operating weights and dimensions of all unit<br />
assemblies.<br />
2. Performance data, including sensible and latent<br />
cooling capacities, nozzle types, primary and total<br />
supply (primary plus induced) airflow rates,<br />
chilled (and where applicable hot) water flow<br />
rates, noise levels in octave bands, air and water<br />
side pressure losses and maximum discharge air<br />
throw values.<br />
3. Construction details including manufacturers<br />
recommendations for installation, mounting and<br />
connection.<br />
PART 2- PRODUCTS<br />
2.01 General<br />
Materials and products required for the work of this<br />
section shall not contain asbestos, polychlorinated<br />
biphenyls (PCB) or other hazardous materials<br />
identified by the engineer or owner.<br />
Approved Manufacturers:<br />
These specifications set forth the minimum<br />
requirements for the active chilled beams to be<br />
accepted for this project. Products provided by the<br />
following manufacturers will be deemed acceptable<br />
provided they meet all of the construction and<br />
performance requirements of this specification:<br />
1. <strong>TROX</strong><br />
2.02 <strong>Design</strong><br />
1. Furnish and install <strong>TROX</strong> DID621 (1 slot) and/or<br />
DID622 (2 slot) series single slot active chilled<br />
beams of sizes and capacities as indicated on the<br />
drawings and within the mechanical equipment<br />
schedules. The quantity and length of the beams<br />
shall be as shown on the drawings, without<br />
EXCEPTION. The beams shall be constructed<br />
and delivered to the job site as single units.<br />
2. The face of the beam shall consist of a room air<br />
induction section of 50% free area perforated<br />
steel flanked by two linear supply slots. The<br />
entire visible face section shall be finished in<br />
white powder coat paint or as specified by the<br />
architect. All visible internal surfaces shall be flat<br />
black.<br />
3. <strong>Beam</strong>s shall be provided with side and end<br />
details which will allow its integration into the<br />
applicable (nominal 24 inch wide) acoustical<br />
ceiling grid as specified by the architect. <strong>Beam</strong>s<br />
used for exposed mounting applications shall<br />
include factory mounted Coanda plates to assure<br />
a horizontal discharge of the supply air.<br />
4. The beams shall consist of a minimum 20 gauge<br />
galvanized steel housing encasing the integral<br />
sensible cooling coil and a plenum feeing a series<br />
of induction nozzles. A side (model 622-US-H) or<br />
top (model 622-US-V) mounted connection spigot<br />
shall afford the connection of a six (6) inch<br />
diameter supply air. The overall height of beams<br />
shall not exceed 8⅞ inches.<br />
5. Each beam shall be provided with a pressure tap<br />
that may be used to measure the pressure<br />
differential between the primary air plenum and<br />
the room. Airflow calibration charts that relate this<br />
pressure differential reading with the primary and<br />
beam supply airflow rates shall be furnished with<br />
the beams.<br />
6. (OPTIONAL) Each beam shall be furnished with<br />
a separate volume flow limiter for mounting in the<br />
primary air duct by the installing contractor. This<br />
device shall allow field adjustment of a maximum<br />
primary air flow rate that is maintained<br />
independent of any static pressure changes in<br />
the inlet ductwork. The volume flow limiter shall<br />
add no more than 0.20 inches H2O pressure drop<br />
to the primary air delivery system and shall not<br />
require any control or power connections.<br />
7. <strong>Beam</strong>s shall be provided with connections for<br />
either 2 or 4 pipe operation as indicated on plans<br />
and schedules. Four pipe configurations shall<br />
require separate supply and return connections<br />
for chilled and hot water. The coils shall be<br />
mounted horizontally and shall be manufactured<br />
with seamless copper tubing (½” outside<br />
diameter) with minimum .025 inch wall thickness<br />
mechanically fixed to aluminum fins. The<br />
aluminum fins shall be limited to no more than ten<br />
(10) fins per inch. The beam shall have a working<br />
pressure of at least 300 PSI, be factory tested for<br />
leakage at a minimum pressure of 360 PSI. Each<br />
chilled beam shall be provided with factory<br />
integrated drain fittings. Unless otherwise<br />
specified, coil connections shall be bare copper<br />
for field sweating to the water supply circuit.<br />
Connections shall face upwards, be located near<br />
the left end of the beam (when viewing into the<br />
primary air connection<br />
64
Specification DID620<br />
8. (OPTIONAL) The chilled water coil shall be<br />
provided with NPT male threaded fittings where<br />
specified. These fittings must be suitable for field<br />
connection to a similar NPT female flexible hose<br />
spigot and shall be at least 1½” long to facilitate<br />
field connection (by others).<br />
9. <strong>Beam</strong>s shall be delivered clean, flushed and<br />
capped to prevent ingress of dirt<br />
2.03 Performance<br />
1. All performance shall be in compliance with that<br />
shown on the equipment schedule. Acoustical<br />
testing shall have been performed in accordance<br />
with ISO 3741.<br />
2. Coils shall be rated in accordance with ARI<br />
Standard 410, but their cooling and heating<br />
capacities shall be established in accordance to<br />
European Standard EN15116 for the specific<br />
application on the inlet side of the submitted<br />
chilled beam. Evidence of this testing must be<br />
included in the submittal.<br />
3.<br />
4. Primary airflow rates shall not result in supply<br />
(primary plus induced) airflow rates in excess of<br />
80 CFM per linear foot of beam.<br />
5. <strong>Chilled</strong> water flow rates to the beams shall be<br />
limited to that which results in a maximum ten<br />
(10) foot head loss. Water flow velocities through<br />
the beam shall not exceed 4 FPS.<br />
4. Contractor shall perform connection of beams to<br />
the chilled water circuit by method specified (hard<br />
connection using sweated connection or<br />
connection using flexible hoses.<br />
5. Flexible connector hoses shall be furnished by<br />
others (optionally by the manufacturer). Hoses<br />
shall be twenty four (24) inches in length and<br />
suitable for operation with a bend radius as small<br />
as five (5) inches. Such hoses shall be 100%<br />
tested and certified for no leakage at 500 PSI.<br />
Connector hoses shall consist of a PFTE lined<br />
hose with a wire braided jacket. The hoses shall<br />
be suitable for operation in an environment<br />
between -40 and 200˚F, rated for a least 300 PSI<br />
and tested for leakage at a minimum pressure of<br />
360 PSI. Contractor shall assure that the chilled<br />
water supplying the beams has been properly<br />
treated in accordance to BSRIA publication AG<br />
2/93.<br />
6. No power or direct control connections shall be<br />
required for the operation of the chilled beam.<br />
3.03 Cleaning and Protection<br />
1. Protect units before, during and after installation.<br />
Damaged material due to improper site protection<br />
shall be cause for rejection.<br />
2. Clean equipment, repair damaged finishes as<br />
required to restore beams to as-new appearance.<br />
PART 3- EXECUTION<br />
3.02 Installation<br />
1. Coordinate the size, tagging and capacity of the<br />
beams to their proper location.<br />
2. (RECOMMENDED INSTALLATION<br />
PROCEDURE) <strong>Chilled</strong> beams up to six feet in<br />
length shall be independently suspended from<br />
the structure above by a four (4) threaded rods of<br />
⅜” diameter (provided by the installing<br />
contractor). For beams beyond six feet in length,<br />
six (6) threaded rods of ⅜” diameter. The upper<br />
end of the rods shall be suspended from strut<br />
channels that are a) mounted perpendicular to<br />
the beam length and b) at least four inches wider<br />
than the beam to facilitate relocation of the<br />
threaded rods along their length. The rods shall<br />
be fixed to factory mounting slots on the beam<br />
that allow repositioning (at least four inches)<br />
along its length. The beam shall then be<br />
positioned above the acoustical ceiling grid and<br />
lowered into the grid module by adjusting the nuts<br />
connecting the threaded rods to the beam.<br />
3. Before connecting the supply water system(s) to<br />
the beams, contractor shall flush the piping<br />
system(s) to assure that all debris and other<br />
matter have been removed.<br />
65
Specification DID300<br />
DID300 Series Active <strong>Chilled</strong> <strong>Beam</strong>s<br />
PART 1- GENERAL<br />
1.01 Summary<br />
This section describes the active chilled beams.<br />
1.02 Submittals<br />
Submit product data for all items complete with the<br />
following information:<br />
1. Operating weights and dimensions of all unit<br />
assemblies.<br />
2. Performance data, including sensible and latent<br />
cooling capacities, nozzle types, primary and total<br />
supply (primary plus induced) airflow rates,<br />
chilled (and where applicable hot) water flow<br />
rates, noise levels in octave bands, air and water<br />
side pressure losses and maximum discharge air<br />
throw values.<br />
3. Construction details including manufacturers<br />
recommendations for installation, mounting and<br />
connection.<br />
PART 2- PRODUCTS<br />
2.01 General<br />
Materials and products required for the work of this<br />
section shall not contain asbestos, polychlorinated<br />
biphenyls (PCB) or other hazardous materials<br />
identified by the engineer or owner.<br />
Approved Manufacturers:<br />
These specifications set forth the minimum<br />
requirements for the active chilled beams to be<br />
accepted for this project. Products provided by the<br />
following manufacturers will be deemed acceptable<br />
provided they meet all of the construction and<br />
performance requirements of this specification:<br />
1. <strong>TROX</strong><br />
2.02 <strong>Design</strong><br />
1. Furnish and install <strong>TROX</strong> DID301 (single slot)<br />
and/or DID302 (two slot) series active chilled<br />
beams of sizes and capacities as indicated on the<br />
drawings and within the mechanical equipment<br />
schedules. The quantity and length of the beams<br />
shall be as shown on the drawings, without<br />
EXCEPTION. The beams shall be constructed<br />
and delivered to the job site as single units.<br />
2. The face of the beam shall consist of a room air<br />
induction section of 50% free area perforated<br />
steel flanked by two linear supply slots (or an<br />
OPTIONAL linear bar grille with a 70% free area<br />
face). The entire visible face section shall be<br />
finished in white powder coat paint or as specified<br />
by the architect. All visible internal surfaces shall<br />
be flat black.<br />
3. <strong>Beam</strong>s shall be provided with side and end<br />
details which will allow its integration into the<br />
applicable (nominal 12 inch wide) acoustical<br />
ceiling grid as specified by the architect. <strong>Beam</strong>s<br />
used for exposed mounting applications shall<br />
include factory mounted “Coanda” plates to<br />
assure a horizontal discharge of the supply air.<br />
4. The beams shall consist of a minimum 20 gauge<br />
galvanized steel housing encasing the integral<br />
sensible cooling coil and a plenum feeing a series<br />
of induction nozzles. A side entry primary air duct<br />
connection shall be provided with a nominal five<br />
(5) or six (6) inch round spigot. The overall height<br />
of the beams shall not exceed 9½”<br />
5. <strong>Beam</strong>s shall incorporate provisions for<br />
measurement of their primary airflow rate. The<br />
measurement location must be accessible from<br />
the face of the beam and require a single<br />
pressure differential measurement. Airflow<br />
calibration charts that relate the measurement to<br />
the primary airflow rate shall be furnished with the<br />
beams.<br />
6. (OPTIONAL) Each beam shall be furnished with<br />
a separate volume flow limiter for mounting in the<br />
primary air duct by the installing contractor. This<br />
device shall allow field adjustment of a maximum<br />
primary air flow rate that is maintained<br />
independent of any static pressure changes in<br />
the inlet ductwork. The volume flow limiter shall<br />
add no more than 0.20 inches H 2 O pressure drop<br />
to the primary air delivery system and shall not<br />
require any control or power connections.<br />
7. When furnished in a 2 pipe configuration, the<br />
assembly shall contain two (2) separate chilled<br />
water coils with single supply and return<br />
connections. Four pipe connections shall require<br />
separate connections for their chilled and hot<br />
water supply. The coils shall be mounted<br />
vertically and (non-piped) condensate trays shall<br />
be furnished directly beneath them. The coils<br />
shall be manufactured with seamless copper<br />
tubing (½” outside diameter) with minimum .025<br />
inch wall thickness mechanically fixed to<br />
aluminum fins. The aluminum fins shall be limited<br />
to no more than ten (10) fins per inch. The beam<br />
shall have a working pressure of at least 300 PSI,<br />
be factory tested for leakage at a minimum<br />
pressure of 360 PSI. Each chilled beam shall be<br />
provided with factory integrated drain fittings.<br />
Unless otherwise specified, coil connections shall<br />
be ½” O.D. bare<br />
66
Specification DID300<br />
copper for field sweating to the water supply circuit.<br />
Connections to 2 pipe coils shall extend from left end<br />
of the beam (when viewing into the primary air connection<br />
spigot) and shall be at least 1½” long to facilitate<br />
field connection (by others).<br />
8. (OPTIONAL) The chilled water coil shall be provided<br />
with NPT male threaded fittings where<br />
specified. These fittings must be suitable for field<br />
connection to a similar NPT female flexible hose.<br />
9. <strong>Beam</strong>s shall be delivered clean, flushed and<br />
capped to prevent ingress of dirt.<br />
2.03 Performance<br />
All performance shall be in compliance with that<br />
shown on the equipment schedule. Acoustical testing<br />
shall have been performed in accordance with ISO<br />
3741.<br />
Coils shall be rated in accordance with ARI Standard<br />
410, but their cooling and heating capacities shall be<br />
established in accordance to European Standard<br />
EN15116 for the specific application on the inlet side<br />
of the submitted chilled beam. Evidence of this testing<br />
must be included in the submittal.<br />
Primary airflow rates shall not result in supply (primary<br />
plus induced) airflow rates in excess of 40 CFM per<br />
linear foot of beam.<br />
<strong>Chilled</strong> water flow rates to the beams shall be limited<br />
to that which results in a maximum ten (10) foot head<br />
loss. Water flow velocities through the beam shall not<br />
exceed 4 FPS.<br />
3. Before connecting the supply water system(s) to<br />
the beams, contractor shall flush the piping system(s)<br />
to assure that all debris and other matter<br />
have been removed.<br />
4. Contractor shall perform connection of beams to<br />
the chilled water circuit by method specified (hard<br />
connection using sweated connection or connection<br />
using flexible hoses.<br />
5. Flexible connector hoses shall be furnished by<br />
others (optionally by the manufacturer). Hoses<br />
shall be twenty four (24) inches in length and<br />
suitable for operation with a bend radius as small<br />
as five (5) inches. Such hoses shall be 100%<br />
tested and certified for no leakage at 500 PSI.<br />
Connector hoses shall consist of a PFTE lined<br />
hose with a wire braided jacket. The hoses shall<br />
be suitable for operation in an environment between<br />
-40 and 200˚F, rated for a least 300 PSI<br />
and tested for leakage at a minimum pressure of<br />
360 PSI. Contractor shall assure that the chilled<br />
water supplying the beams has been properly<br />
treated in accordance to BSRIA publication AG<br />
2/93.<br />
6. No power or direct control connections shall be<br />
required for the operation of the chilled beam.<br />
3.03 Cleaning and Protection<br />
Protect units before, during and after installation.<br />
Damaged material due to improper site protection<br />
shall be cause for rejection.<br />
Clean equipment, repair damaged finishes as required<br />
to restore beams to as-new appearance.<br />
PART 3- EXECUTION<br />
3.02 Installation<br />
1. Coordinate the size, tagging and capacity of the<br />
beams to their proper location.<br />
2. (RECOMMENDED INSTALLATION PROCE-<br />
DURE) <strong>Chilled</strong> beams up to six feet in length<br />
shall be independently suspended from the structure<br />
above by a four (4) threaded rods of ⅜” diameter<br />
(provided by the installing contractor). For<br />
beams beyond six feet in length, six (6) threaded<br />
rods of ⅜” diameter. The upper end of the rods<br />
shall be suspended from strut channels that are<br />
a) mounted perpendicular to the beam length and<br />
b) at least four inches wider than the beam to<br />
facilitate relocation of the threaded rods along<br />
their length. The rods shall be fixed to factory<br />
mounting brackets on the beam that allow repositioning<br />
(at least four inches) along its length. The<br />
beam shall then be positioned above the acoustical<br />
ceiling grid and lowered into the grid module<br />
by adjusting the nuts connecting the threaded<br />
rods to the beam.<br />
67
In North America<br />
Trox USA, Inc.<br />
4305 Settingdown Circle<br />
Cumming<br />
Georgia<br />
USA 30028<br />
Telephone: (770) 569-1433<br />
Telefax: (770) 569-1435<br />
e-mail: trox@troxusa.com<br />
www.troxusa.com<br />
Head Office & Research Centers<br />
Gebrüder Trox GmbH<br />
Postfach 10 12 63<br />
D-47504 Neukirchen-Vluyn<br />
Telephone 49 28 45/2 02-0<br />
Telefax 49 28 45/2 02-2 65<br />
www.troxtechnik.com<br />
E-mail: trox@troxtechnik.de<br />
Australia<br />
Trox (Australia) Pty Ltd.<br />
Austria<br />
Trox Austria GmbH<br />
Belgium<br />
S.A. Trox Belgium N.V.<br />
Brazil<br />
Trox do Brasil Ltda.<br />
China<br />
Trox Air Conditioning<br />
Components (Suzhou)<br />
Co., Ltd.<br />
Croatia<br />
Trox Austria GmbH<br />
Czech Republic<br />
Trox Austria GmbH<br />
Denmark<br />
Trox Danmark A/S<br />
Dubai<br />
Trox (U.K.) Ltd.<br />
France<br />
Trox France Sarl<br />
Germany<br />
Hesco Deutschland GmbH<br />
FSL FassadenSystemLüftung<br />
GmbH & Co. KG<br />
Great Britain<br />
Trox (U.K.) Ltd.<br />
Hong Kong<br />
Trox Hong Kong Ltd.<br />
Hungary<br />
Trox Austria GmbH<br />
Italy<br />
Trox Italiana S.p.A.<br />
Malaysia<br />
Trox (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd.<br />
Norway<br />
Auranor Group AS<br />
Poland<br />
Trox Austria GmbH<br />
South Africa<br />
Trox (South Africa)<br />
(Pty) Ltd.<br />
Spain<br />
Trox Española, S.A.<br />
Switzerland<br />
Trox Hesco<br />
(Schweiz) AG<br />
Yugoslavia<br />
Trox Austria GmbH<br />
68<br />
<strong>Design</strong> changes reserved · All rights reserved © Gebrüder Trox GmbH (01/2009)