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Aboriginal Beliefs, Values, and Aspirations in Contemporary Society

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4. Students <strong>in</strong>vestigate the aspects of subsistence <strong>and</strong> survival by identify<strong>in</strong>g specific plants, animals,<br />

fish, <strong>and</strong> fowl upon which Inuit, Métis, <strong>and</strong> First Nations depended. Initially, this will be a<br />

generalized list.<br />

5. Students, after a case study of a local community’s traditional survival practices, explore specific<br />

means of survival of <strong>in</strong>dividual nations or cultural groups. Groups of students could be divided by<br />

region <strong>and</strong> sub-groups with<strong>in</strong> regions. For example:<br />

East Coast<br />

- M’Kmaq, Montagnais (Innu);<br />

Quebec<br />

- Algonkian;<br />

Northern Ontario <strong>and</strong> Quebec - Cree, Inuit, Ojibwa/Anishnabe;<br />

Ontario<br />

- Ojibway, Huron, Delaware, Iroquois Confederacy;<br />

Prairies<br />

- Pla<strong>in</strong>s, Cree, Blackfoot, Dakota, Ass<strong>in</strong>ibo<strong>in</strong>e;<br />

Northwest Territories - Dogrib, Carrier, Chipewyan;<br />

Plateau (Mounta<strong>in</strong>s) - Interior Salish, Kootenayan, Lillooet;<br />

Northwest Coast<br />

- Tl<strong>in</strong>git, Haida, Tsimshian, Coast Salish;<br />

Arctic<br />

- Inuit.<br />

6. Students identify how harvest<strong>in</strong>g practices alter from season to season <strong>in</strong> different regions of Canada.<br />

7. Students <strong>in</strong>vestigate how spiritual practices <strong>and</strong> beliefs <strong>and</strong> harvest<strong>in</strong>g activities are l<strong>in</strong>ked though the<br />

benevolence of the Creator <strong>and</strong> the respect <strong>in</strong>dividuals show for all liv<strong>in</strong>g th<strong>in</strong>gs.<br />

8. Students, <strong>in</strong> groups, exam<strong>in</strong>e modern realities that have restricted the freedoms to hunt, fish, trap, <strong>and</strong><br />

live directly from nature’s bounty. Regional case studies <strong>in</strong>volv<strong>in</strong>g ecological issues, flood<strong>in</strong>g,<br />

m<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g, <strong>and</strong> resource development <strong>in</strong> contemporary times are <strong>in</strong>vestigated.<br />

9. Students design <strong>and</strong> create a poster depict<strong>in</strong>g shifts <strong>in</strong> harvest<strong>in</strong>g practices over time, focus<strong>in</strong>g on a<br />

particular region as well as on the seasonal cycle.<br />

Assessment & Evaluation of Student Achievement<br />

The major evaluation of this activity is the poster connect<strong>in</strong>g a culture group, its harvest<strong>in</strong>g practices, its<br />

spiritual life, <strong>and</strong> the impact of modernity. Because of the complexity of the assignment, the teacher may<br />

decide to mark <strong>in</strong>termediate stages as well as the f<strong>in</strong>al product. Consideration should be given to<br />

award<strong>in</strong>g marks for research skills, major resources harvested, the impact of modernization, <strong>and</strong> the<br />

prelim<strong>in</strong>ary layout of poster design. For an example see Appendix 4.4.1.<br />

Accommodations<br />

Review<strong>in</strong>g video content from earlier lessons helps students focus. Stories read orally re<strong>in</strong>force<br />

traditional <strong>Aborig<strong>in</strong>al</strong> beliefs. Worksheets could guide students if research skills are not strong.<br />

Resources<br />

Report of the Royal Commission on <strong>Aborig<strong>in</strong>al</strong> Peoples. Look<strong>in</strong>g Back Vol. 1; Perspective <strong>and</strong> Realities,<br />

Vol. 4. Ottawa: M<strong>in</strong>istry of Supply <strong>and</strong> Services, 1996.<br />

Steckley, J. <strong>and</strong> B. Cumm<strong>in</strong>s. Full Circle: Canada’s First Nations. Toronto: Prentice Hall, 2001.<br />

Unit 4 - Page 12<br />

• <strong>Aborig<strong>in</strong>al</strong> <strong>Beliefs</strong>, <strong>Values</strong>, <strong>and</strong> <strong>Aspirations</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>Contemporary</strong> <strong>Society</strong> - College Preparation

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