Technical Manual - Section 3 (Safety Hazards)

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Figure III:1-5. Catenary Method requirement for actual pull testing (This would qualify as meeting the criteria as an acceptable alternative to pull testing). If, however, there is a change in conditions, e.g., frozen ground to thawed ground, or if use of the anchor has been interrupted, the anchor shall be pull tested, with documentation thereof, prior to being placed back in service. E. BIBLIOGRAPHY American Petroleum Institute (API). 1988. Specification 4E: Specification for Drilling and Well Servicing Structures. API: Washington, D.C. Association of Oilwell Servicing Contractors (AOSC). 1988. Recommended Safe Procedures and Guidelines for Oil and Gas Well Servicing. AOSC: Dallas. International Association of Drilling Contractors (IADC). 1990. Accident Prevention Manual. IADC: Houston. International Association of Drilling Contractors. 1979. Drilling Manual. IADC: Houston. Scardino, A. J. 1990. Guidelines on the Stability of Well Servicing Derricks. Sigma Associates Ltd.: Pass Christian, MS III:1-6
SECTION III: CHAPTER 2 PETROLEUM REFINING PROCESSES A. INTRODUCTION The petroleum industry began with the successful drilling of the first commercial oil well in 1859, and the opening of the first refinery two years later to process the crude into kerosene. The evolution of petroleum refining from simple distillation to today's sophisticated processes has created a need for health and safety management procedures and safe work practices. To those unfamiliar with the industry, petroleum refineries may appear to be complex and confusing places. Refining is the processing of one complex mixture of hydrocarbons into a number of other complex mixtures of hydrocarbons. The safe and orderly processing of crude oil into flammable gases and liquids at high temperatures and pressures using vessels, equipment, and piping subjected to stress and corrosion requires considerable knowledge, control, and expertise. Safety and health professionals, working with process, chemical, instrumentation, and metallurgical engineers, assure that potential physical, mechanical, chemical, and health hazards are recognized and provisions are made for safe operating practices and appropriate protective measures. These A. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III:2-1 B. Overview of the Petroleum Industry. . . . . III:2-2 C. Petroleum Refining Operations . . . . . . . III:2-11 D. Description of Petroleum Refining Processes and Related Health and Safety Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . III:2-15 E. Other Refinery Operations. . . . . . . . . . . III:2-49 F. Bibliography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III:2-58 Appendix III:2-1. Glossary. . . . . . . . . . . . . .III:2-59 measures may include hard hats, safety glasses and goggles, safety shoes, hearing protection, respiratory protection, and protective clothing such as fire resistant clothing where required. In addition, procedures should be established to assure compliance with applicable regulations and standards such as hazard communications, confined space entry, and process safety management. This chapter of the technical manual covers the history of refinery processing, characteristics of crude oil, hydrocarbon types and chemistry, and major refinery products and by-products. It presents information on technology as normally practiced in present operations. It describes the more common refinery processes and includes relevant safety and health information. Additional information covers refinery utilities and miscellaneous supporting activities related to hydrocarbon processing. Field personnel will learn what to expect in various facilities regarding typical materials and process methods, equipment, potential hazards, and exposures. The information presented refers to fire prevention, industrial hygiene, and safe work practices, and is not intended to provide comprehensive guidelines for protective measures and/or compliance with regulatory requirements. As some of the terminology is industry-specific, a glossary is provided as an appendix. This chapter does not cover petrochemical processing. III:2-1
Page 1 and 2: OR-OSHA TECHNICAL MANUAL OR-OSHA TE
Page 3 and 4: SECTION III: CHAPTER 1 OIL WELL DER
Page 5 and 6: C. STABILITY CONSIDERATIONS FOUNDAT
Page 7: D. OBSERVATIONS, DIRECTIONS, AND CO
Page 11 and 12: Year Process name Purpose By-produc
Page 13 and 14: Crude oils are also defined in term
Page 15 and 16: (dicycloparaffins) found in the hea
Page 17 and 18: and boilers can leave deposits of v
Page 19 and 20: C. PETROLEUM REFINING OPERATIONS IN
Page 21 and 22: Table III:2-3 OVERVIEW OF PETROLEUM
Page 23 and 24: D. DESCRIPTION OF PETROLEUM REFININ
Page 25 and 26: CRUDE OIL DISTILLATION (FRACTIONATI
Page 27 and 28: Even though these are closed proces
Page 29 and 30: The solvent is separated from the p
Page 31 and 32: Table III:2-9 VISBREAKING PROCESS F
Page 33 and 34: HEALTH AND SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS Fi
Page 35 and 36: Figure III:2-14 Fluid Catalytic Cra
Page 37 and 38: HYDROCRACKING Hydrocracking is a tw
Page 39 and 40: egeneration and changeover. Catalys
Page 41 and 42: CATALYTIC HYDROTREATING Catalytic h
Page 43 and 44: chemicals and other hazards such as
Page 45 and 46: needed to prevent HCl from entering
Page 47 and 48: ALKYLATION Alkylation combines low-
Page 49 and 50: HEALTH AND SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS Fi
Page 51 and 52: Figure III:2-23 Molecular Sieve Dry
Page 53 and 54: SATURATE GAS PLANTS Saturate gas pl
Page 55 and 56: Table III:2-21. STEAM REFORMING PRO
Page 57 and 58: Safety Control of treater temperatu
Page 59 and 60:
minerals and dissolved impurities t
Page 61 and 62:
phenols, ammonia, sulfides, and oth
Page 63 and 64:
GAS AND AIR COMPRESSORS Both recipr
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Safety Depending on the product and
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APPENDIX III:2-1. GLOSSARY ABSORPTI
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DEWAXING The removal of wax from pe
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interaction of sulfur compounds in
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SECTION III: CHAPTER 3 PRESSURE VES
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Figure III:3-1. Some Major Parts of
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spherical with wall thickness in th
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LIQUID PENETRANT TEST (PT) This met
Page 81 and 82:
D. INFORMATION FOR SAFETY ASSESSMEN
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@ Other design code vessels -- Maxi
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SECTION III: CHAPTER 4 INDUSTRIAL R
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Regulator Coordinate Robot Cylindri
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Figure III:4-2. Industrial Robots:
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DEGREES OF FREEDOM Regardless of th
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OTHER ACCIDENTS Other accidents can
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SAFEGUARDING DEVICES Personnel shou
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F. BIBLIOGRAPHY American National S
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Enabling Device A manually operated
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Start-up, Initial Initial drive pow
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Technical Manual - Section 3 (Safety Hazards)

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