Technical Manual - Section 3 (Safety Hazards)

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INDUSTRY RECOMMENDATIONS The American Petroleum Institute (API) in its Specification 4E "Specification for Drilling and Well Servicing Structures" sets forth a "Recommended Guying Pattern General Conditions." The Association of Oilwell Servicing Contractors. (AOSC) in its publication "Recommended Safe Procedures and Guidelines for Oil and Gas Well Servicing" recommends the same guying patterns as are set forth in API Specification 4E. Though not present in the AOSC publication the API Specification 4E provides a Recommended Guyline Anchor Spacing and Load Chart. This is discussed in detail in the Guidelines on the Stability of Well Servicing Derricks. There has been considerable progress within the industry to design procedures to assure the integrity of the stability system without the necessity of conducting individual pull tests on each of the anchors. APPLICATION This chapter is intended to form the basis of a minimum safety guideline, for the use of Temporary Guywire Anchor Systems on derricks, in the oil well drilling and servicing industry. Recommended procedures, practices, equipment, and requirements have been developed based on availability, capability, adaptability, dependability, and reliability of the various types of systems. B. TYPES OF GUYWIRE ANCHORS MANUFACTURED ANCHORS There are four basic types of manufactured anchors. The screw or helix anchor, expanding plate anchor, flat plate anchor, and the pivoting anchor. Holding capacity of these anchors varies; detailed information on holding capacity, comparison charts with illustrations, and characteristics specific to each design may be found in <strong>Section</strong> 2 of the support manual. When installed in conformance with manufacturer specifications and evidence thereof is provided, this would satisfy the requirement for individual pull testing. CAUTION: It should continually be emphasized that the anchor is only one component of the Rig Stability System(RSS) Screw- (helix-) type anchors have a direct correlation between anchor capacity and the torque required to install the anchor. Following the manufacturer's specific recommendations as to torquing, with proof thereof, is a valid method of determining anchor holding capacity. Torquing according to manufacturer's specifications is an acceptable nonpull-test method of determining anchor capacity. SHOP-MADE (IN-HOUSE FABRICATED) ANCHORS These anchors should be designed by a registered engineer and conform to accepted engineering practices. Written procedures shall be established for installation. These manufactured anchors should be proof tested for structural integrity and holding capacity. Records shall be maintained of test protocols and holding capacity based on soil type. Individual pull testing will not be required if anchors are installed in accordance with written procedures. Proof thereof will be required of installation protocols and proof-tested holding capacities. III:1-2
C. STABILITY CONSIDERATIONS FOUNDATION The area should be graded, leveled and maintained so that oil, water, drilling fluid, and other fluids will drain away from the working area. Safe Bearing Capacity shall be determined from the use of an appropriate table, soil core test, penetrometer test, flat-plate test, or other suitable soil test. When surface conditions are used to determine bearing capacity, care must be exercised to insure that the soil is homogeneous to a depth of at least twice the width of supplemental footing used to support the concentrated load. Supplemental footing shall be provided to distribute the concentrated loads from the mast and rig support points. The manufacturer's load distribution diagram will indicate these locations. In the absence of a manufacturer's diagram, the supplemental footing shall be designed to carry the maximum anticipated hook load, the gross weight of the mast, the mast mount, the traveling equipment, and the vertical component of guywire tension under operational loading conditions. These footings must also support the mast and mast weight during mast erection. GUYWIRES All guywires, as indicated by the manufacturer's diagram, should be in position and properly tensioned prior to commencing any work. In the absence of manufacturer recommendations, or where mast manufacturer's recommendations cannot be implemented, the diagram in Figure III:1-2 may be used. Other guying patterns may be used; however, they must be based on sound engineering principles as determined by a qualified person. These recommendations should be posted on the mast in a weatherproof container and should state the loading conditions for which they were prepared. Guywires should be 6x19 or 6x37 class, regular lay, made of improved plow steel (IPS) or better with independent wire-rope core (IWRC) and not previously used for any other application. Double saddle clips should be used, and wire rope should be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's Wellhead cellars present special foundation considerations. In addition to the obvious of collecting water and fluids that can seep into the ground, cellars also require unique mast support considerations. These should be analyzed by a qualified person to insure that an adequate mast foundation is provided. Small settlements (soil subsidence) at the beginning of rig-up is considered normal. External guywires should never be used for plumbing the mast. Rig foundations, guywire anchors and guywire tension should be checked at each tower (shift) change. Figure III:1-2. Anchor Location Diagram III:1-3
Page 1 and 2: OR-OSHA TECHNICAL MANUAL OR-OSHA TE
Page 3: SECTION III: CHAPTER 1 OIL WELL DER
Page 7 and 8: D. OBSERVATIONS, DIRECTIONS, AND CO
Page 9 and 10: SECTION III: CHAPTER 2 PETROLEUM RE
Page 11 and 12: Year Process name Purpose By-produc
Page 13 and 14: Crude oils are also defined in term
Page 15 and 16: (dicycloparaffins) found in the hea
Page 17 and 18: and boilers can leave deposits of v
Page 19 and 20: C. PETROLEUM REFINING OPERATIONS IN
Page 21 and 22: Table III:2-3 OVERVIEW OF PETROLEUM
Page 23 and 24: D. DESCRIPTION OF PETROLEUM REFININ
Page 25 and 26: CRUDE OIL DISTILLATION (FRACTIONATI
Page 27 and 28: Even though these are closed proces
Page 29 and 30: The solvent is separated from the p
Page 31 and 32: Table III:2-9 VISBREAKING PROCESS F
Page 33 and 34: HEALTH AND SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS Fi
Page 35 and 36: Figure III:2-14 Fluid Catalytic Cra
Page 37 and 38: HYDROCRACKING Hydrocracking is a tw
Page 39 and 40: egeneration and changeover. Catalys
Page 41 and 42: CATALYTIC HYDROTREATING Catalytic h
Page 43 and 44: chemicals and other hazards such as
Page 45 and 46: needed to prevent HCl from entering
Page 47 and 48: ALKYLATION Alkylation combines low-
Page 49 and 50: HEALTH AND SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS Fi
Page 51 and 52: Figure III:2-23 Molecular Sieve Dry
Page 53 and 54: SATURATE GAS PLANTS Saturate gas pl
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Table III:2-21. STEAM REFORMING PRO
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Safety Control of treater temperatu
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minerals and dissolved impurities t
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phenols, ammonia, sulfides, and oth
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GAS AND AIR COMPRESSORS Both recipr
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Safety Depending on the product and
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APPENDIX III:2-1. GLOSSARY ABSORPTI
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DEWAXING The removal of wax from pe
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interaction of sulfur compounds in
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SECTION III: CHAPTER 3 PRESSURE VES
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Figure III:3-1. Some Major Parts of
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spherical with wall thickness in th
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LIQUID PENETRANT TEST (PT) This met
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D. INFORMATION FOR SAFETY ASSESSMEN
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@ Other design code vessels -- Maxi
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SECTION III: CHAPTER 4 INDUSTRIAL R
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Regulator Coordinate Robot Cylindri
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Figure III:4-2. Industrial Robots:
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DEGREES OF FREEDOM Regardless of th
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OTHER ACCIDENTS Other accidents can
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SAFEGUARDING DEVICES Personnel shou
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F. BIBLIOGRAPHY American National S
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Enabling Device A manually operated
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Start-up, Initial Initial drive pow
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Technical Manual - Section 3 (Safety Hazards)

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