Technical Manual - Section 3 (Safety Hazards)
Technical Manual - Section 3 (Safety Hazards) Technical Manual - Section 3 (Safety Hazards)
III:2-12
Table III:2-3 OVERVIEW OF PETROLEUM REFINING PROCESSES Process name Action Method Purpose Feedstock(s) Product(s) FRACTIONATION PROCESSES Atmospheric Separation Thermal Separate Desalted crude Gas, gas oil, distillation fractions oil distillate,residu Vacuum distillation Separation Thermal Separate w/o Atmospheric Gas oil, lube cracking tower residual stock, residual CONVERSION PROCESSES ------- DECOMPOSITION Catalytic cracking Alteration Catalytic Upgrade Gas oil, coke Gasoline,petrogasoline distillate chemical feedstock Coking Polymerize Thermal Convert vacu- Residual,heavy Naphtha, gas um residuals oil, tar oil, coke Hydrocracking Hydrogenate Catalytic Convert to Gas oil, cracked Lighter, higherlighter HCs oil, residual qualityproducts *Hydrogen Steam Decompose Thermal/cat. Produce Desulfurized Hydrogen, CO, Reforming hydrogen gas, O 2 , steam CO 2 *Steam Cracking Decompose Thermal Crack large Atm tower hvy Cracked molecules fuel/distillate naphtha, coke,residual Visbreaking Decompose Thermal Reduce Atmospheric Distillate, tar viscosity tower residual CONVERSION PROCESSES ------- UNIFICATION Alkylation Combining Catalytic Unite olefins Tower isobu- Iso-octane & isoparaffins tane/crckr olefin (alkylate) Grease com- Combining Thermal Combine soaps Lube oil, fatty Lubricating pounding & oils acid, alkymetal grease Polymerization Polymerize Catalytic Unite 2 or Cracker olefins High-octane more olefins naphtha, petrochemical stocks CONVERSION PROCESSES ----- ALTERATION or REARRANGEMENT Catalytic reforming Alteration/ Catalytic Upgrade low- Coker/hydro- High oct. dehydration octane naphtha cracker naphtha reformate/aromatic Isomerization Rearrange Catalytic Convert strght Butane, pentane, Isobutane/penchain to branch hexane tane/hexane III:2-13
- Page 1 and 2: OR-OSHA TECHNICAL MANUAL OR-OSHA TE
- Page 3 and 4: SECTION III: CHAPTER 1 OIL WELL DER
- Page 5 and 6: C. STABILITY CONSIDERATIONS FOUNDAT
- Page 7 and 8: D. OBSERVATIONS, DIRECTIONS, AND CO
- Page 9 and 10: SECTION III: CHAPTER 2 PETROLEUM RE
- Page 11 and 12: Year Process name Purpose By-produc
- Page 13 and 14: Crude oils are also defined in term
- Page 15 and 16: (dicycloparaffins) found in the hea
- Page 17 and 18: and boilers can leave deposits of v
- Page 19: C. PETROLEUM REFINING OPERATIONS IN
- Page 23 and 24: D. DESCRIPTION OF PETROLEUM REFININ
- Page 25 and 26: CRUDE OIL DISTILLATION (FRACTIONATI
- Page 27 and 28: Even though these are closed proces
- Page 29 and 30: The solvent is separated from the p
- Page 31 and 32: Table III:2-9 VISBREAKING PROCESS F
- Page 33 and 34: HEALTH AND SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS Fi
- Page 35 and 36: Figure III:2-14 Fluid Catalytic Cra
- Page 37 and 38: HYDROCRACKING Hydrocracking is a tw
- Page 39 and 40: egeneration and changeover. Catalys
- Page 41 and 42: CATALYTIC HYDROTREATING Catalytic h
- Page 43 and 44: chemicals and other hazards such as
- Page 45 and 46: needed to prevent HCl from entering
- Page 47 and 48: ALKYLATION Alkylation combines low-
- Page 49 and 50: HEALTH AND SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS Fi
- Page 51 and 52: Figure III:2-23 Molecular Sieve Dry
- Page 53 and 54: SATURATE GAS PLANTS Saturate gas pl
- Page 55 and 56: Table III:2-21. STEAM REFORMING PRO
- Page 57 and 58: Safety Control of treater temperatu
- Page 59 and 60: minerals and dissolved impurities t
- Page 61 and 62: phenols, ammonia, sulfides, and oth
- Page 63 and 64: GAS AND AIR COMPRESSORS Both recipr
- Page 65 and 66: Safety Depending on the product and
- Page 67 and 68: APPENDIX III:2-1. GLOSSARY ABSORPTI
- Page 69 and 70: DEWAXING The removal of wax from pe
Table III:2-3 OVERVIEW OF PETROLEUM REFINING PROCESSES<br />
Process name Action Method Purpose Feedstock(s) Product(s)<br />
FRACTIONATION PROCESSES<br />
Atmospheric Separation Thermal Separate Desalted crude Gas, gas oil,<br />
distillation fractions oil distillate,residu<br />
Vacuum distillation Separation Thermal Separate w/o Atmospheric Gas oil, lube<br />
cracking tower residual stock, residual<br />
CONVERSION PROCESSES ------- DECOMPOSITION<br />
Catalytic cracking Alteration Catalytic Upgrade Gas oil, coke Gasoline,petrogasoline<br />
distillate chemical<br />
feedstock<br />
Coking Polymerize Thermal Convert vacu- Residual,heavy Naphtha, gas<br />
um residuals oil, tar oil, coke<br />
Hydrocracking Hydrogenate Catalytic Convert to Gas oil, cracked Lighter, higherlighter<br />
HCs oil, residual qualityproducts<br />
*Hydrogen Steam Decompose Thermal/cat. Produce Desulfurized Hydrogen, CO,<br />
Reforming hydrogen gas, O 2 , steam CO 2<br />
*Steam Cracking Decompose Thermal Crack large Atm tower hvy Cracked<br />
molecules fuel/distillate naphtha,<br />
coke,residual<br />
Visbreaking Decompose Thermal Reduce Atmospheric Distillate, tar<br />
viscosity tower residual<br />
CONVERSION PROCESSES ------- UNIFICATION<br />
Alkylation Combining Catalytic Unite olefins Tower isobu- Iso-octane<br />
& isoparaffins tane/crckr olefin (alkylate)<br />
Grease com- Combining Thermal Combine soaps Lube oil, fatty Lubricating<br />
pounding & oils acid, alkymetal grease<br />
Polymerization Polymerize Catalytic Unite 2 or Cracker olefins High-octane<br />
more olefins<br />
naphtha,<br />
petrochemical<br />
stocks<br />
CONVERSION PROCESSES ----- ALTERATION or REARRANGEMENT<br />
Catalytic reforming Alteration/ Catalytic Upgrade low- Coker/hydro- High oct.<br />
dehydration octane naphtha cracker naphtha reformate/aromatic<br />
Isomerization Rearrange Catalytic Convert strght Butane, pentane, Isobutane/penchain<br />
to branch hexane tane/hexane<br />
III:2-13
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