Tilletia indica - The Food and Environment Research Agency - Defra

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Teliospore character Size (range) µm Size (mean) µm Colour Exospore Ornamentation in median view ♣ Exospore Ornamentation in surface view Tilletia indica 1 22–47–(61) (26–55(–64)) † 35–41 (40–44) † Pale orange to mainly dark, reddish brown to opaque-black Sharply pointed to truncate spines (occasionally curved), 1.5–5.0 µm high, covered with a hyaline sheath Spines densely arranged, either individually (densely echinulate) or in closely spaced, narrow ridges (finely cerebriform), Tilletia walkeri 2 (23–45) † 30–31 * (34–36) † Pale yellow to mainly dark reddish brown (never opaque) Conical to truncate spines (occasionally curved), 3–6 µm high, covered with a hyaline to yellowish-brown sheath Spines coarsely arranged, forming wide, incompletely cerebriform (to coralloid) ridges or thick clumps T. horrida 3 17–36 (20–38(–41)) † 24–28 ‡ (28) † Pale yellow to mainly light or dark chestnut brown (semi-opaque) Sharply pointed or curved spines, 1.5–4.0 µm high, becoming truncated scales with maturity, covered with a hyaline to tinted sheath Spines appearing as polygonal scales (occasionally spines forming cerebriform ridges or small clumps) ‡ 1 Based on: Bansal et al., (1984); Castlebury & Carris (1999); CMI Description No. 748 (1983); Durán (1987); Durán & Fischer (1961); Khanna & Payak (1968); Mathur & Cunfer (1993); Milbrath et al. (1998); Mundkur (1940); Peterson et al., (1984). 2 Based on: Castlebury & Carris (1999); Cunfer & Castlebury, 1999; Milbrath et al. (1998); Castlebury, 3 1998. As T. barclayana: Castlebury & Carris (1999); CMI Description No. 75 (1965); Durán (1987); Durán & Fischer (1961). Or as T. horrida: Aggarwal et al. (1990); Khanna & Payak (1968); Castlebury (1998). † Castlebury & Carris (1999) report larger spore sizes (in brackets) for teliospores warmed overnight at 45°C in Shear’s solution; Castlebury (1998) also reports larger teliospore sizes. * Milbrath et al., (1998), supported by Author’s data from teliospores ex. Lolium (two isolates ex. ‡ Oregon, USA) in water. Author’s data from teliospores ex. Oryzae (California, USA; Arkanasas, USA) in water; though not reported in the literature, some spores may have ridges in addition to individual spines (see Figure 2.4). ♣ Hawksworth et al., (1995): Ainsworth and Bisby’s Dictionary of the Fungi. Table 2.2. Morphological characteristics of Tilletia indica (Karnal bunt of wheat), T. walkeri (ryegrass bunt) and T. horrida (rice smut). The literature on spore sizes is often variable. Spore size is affected by the mounting medium and by heating treatments. For rice smut (T. horrida, synonym T. barclayana), data from rice is potentially more reliable than data based on T. barclayana sensu lato from various Poaceae as the latter is considered a species complex. The rice pathogen is considered distinct from those on Paspalum and Pannicum, but it is not known whether it is distinct from T. barclayana s.s. on Pennisetum (Pimentel, 1998; Castlebury, 1998). 12
Figure 2.2. Teliospores of Tilletia indica (Karnal bunt of wheat) showing surface ornamentation patterns: spines densely arranged, either individually (densely echinulate) or in closely spaced, narrow ridges (finely cerebriform). (Figures 2.2–2.4 are at the same scale; 10 mm = 17 µm.) 13
Page 1 and 2: EU RECOMMENDED PROTOCOL FOR THE DIA
Page 3 and 4: SECTION IV: REFERENCES ** 3
Page 5 and 6: LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1. Grain i
Page 7 and 8: SECTION II: DIAGNOSTIC SCHEME Scope
Page 9 and 10: Sampling Seed lots should be sample
Page 11: median profiles can be enhanced by
Page 15 and 16: Figure 2.4. Teliospores of Tilletia
Page 17 and 18: 7 days 10 days 14 days T. horrida T
Page 19 and 20: conform to one specific species (si
Page 21 and 22: SECTION III. PROTOCOLS A1. Protocol
Page 23 and 24: 25. Finally, bleach all equipment u
Page 25 and 26: Figure 3.6. Tilletia indica teliosp
Page 27 and 28: A2. Protocol for extracting teliosp
Page 29 and 30: Teliospore Size (µm) Colour Orname
Page 31 and 32: Sample d (✔ boxes) T. horrida T.
Page 33 and 34: C. Protocol for isolation and germi
Page 35 and 36: Materials Aspirator bottle with dis
Page 37 and 38: SECTION IV: REFERENCES Aggarwal, R,

Tilletia indica - The Food and Environment Research Agency - Defra

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