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170 CHAPTER 6. ORBITAL CURRENTS IN THE CUPRATES
0.20
Current circulation
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
1.0
p x
- d - p x 2 -y
2 y
p x
- d - p 3z
2 -r
2 y
p x
- p - p
z y
1.2
1.4
θ 2
θ 1
1.6
D 1
1.8
2.0
2.2
Figure 6.21: Circulation of current around a p x − p z − p y plaquette (triangles),
around a p x − d z − p y plaquette (squares), and around a p x − d x − p y plaquette
(circles) when the apical oxygen-copper distance D 1 is reduced. The symmetry of
the orbital current pattern is θ 2 like when D 1 < 1.5 and the current is circulating
inside the horizontal plane. When D 1 > 1.5 the symmetry changes towards the
θ 1 pattern and the current has a finite out-of-plane component. The calculations
were done on a 192 site lattice.