EFFICACY OF TEMPORARY FIXED RETENTION FOLLOWING ...

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TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................1 CHAPTER 2. REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE .........................................................3 Historical Review of Retention and Relapse ............................................................ 3 Etiology of Post-Orthodontic Relapse ....................................................................... 5 Arch Dimension and Tooth Extraction ..................................................................5 Occlusion and Posttreatment Tooth Position .....................................................10 Periodontal and Gingival Supporting Tissues ....................................................14 Mandibular Incisor Dimensions and Approximal Contacts ............................15 Environmental Factors and Neuromusculature .................................................16 Continued Physiologic Growth and Development............................................18 Third Molars ............................................................................................................22 Time Out of Treatment ...........................................................................................23 Severity of Pretreatment Malocclusion and Posttreatment Stability ...............25 Prevention of Post-Orthodontic Relapse ................................................................ 26 Types of Mechanical Retention .............................................................................26 Duration of Retention .............................................................................................30 Additional Retention Methods .............................................................................31 Summary ..................................................................................................................... 33 Significance of Research ............................................................................................ 34 CHAPTER 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS .........................................................36 Sample Selection ......................................................................................................... 36 Sample Description .................................................................................................... 38 Description of Data Entry ......................................................................................... 38 Digitized Landmarks ................................................................................................. 45 Cast Analysis .............................................................................................................. 50 Cephalometric Analysis ............................................................................................ 53 Cephalometric Landmarks ....................................................................................53 Computed Measurements .....................................................................................56 Statistical Analysis ..................................................................................................... 67 Sample Demographics .............................................................................................. 71 Edgewise Mechanics .................................................................................................. 71 Research Expectations ............................................................................................... 73 CHAPTER 4. RESULTS ................................................................................................75 Cephalometric and Cast Analysis ........................................................................... 75 Sexual Dimorphism ................................................................................................... 77 Retention Differences ................................................................................................ 84 Multivariate Analysis .............................................................................................. 100 Amount of Relapse .................................................................................................. 103 Extraction Pattern ..................................................................................................... 110 vi
CHAPTER 5. DISCUSSION ......................................................................................115 Sample Considerations ............................................................................................ 116 Discussion Topics ..................................................................................................... 117 Previous Research and Present Findings...........................................................117 Explanation for Stability ......................................................................................122 Predictors for Fixed Appliances ..........................................................................123 Clinical Relevance .................................................................................................125 CHAPTER 6. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ................................................131 LIST OF REFERENCES ..............................................................................................133 APPENDIX A. DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS FOR ALL VARIABLES ..............151 APPENDIX B. ANCOVA TESTS OF THE COMPARABILITY OF CASES (FIXED VERSUS REMOVABLE RETENTION) WHILE CONTROLLING FOR SEXUAL DIMORPHISM ..................................................................................162 APPENDIX C. ANCOVA TESTS EVALUATING WHETHER THE AMOUNT OF CHANGE DEPENDS ON THE TYPE OF RETENTION, WITH PATIENT’S SEX AND TIME-OUT-OF-TREATMENT AS COVARIATES ..............................................................................................................173 APPENDIX D. DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS FOR THOSE VARIABLES EXHIBITING SIGNIFICANCE FOR SEXUAL DIMORPHISM ........................185 APPENDIX E. EXTRACTION PATTERNS ............................................................191 VITA ...............................................................................................................................194 vii
Page 1 and 2: EFFICACY OF TEMPORARY FIXED RETENTI
Page 3 and 4: DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated
Page 5: ABSTRACT Instability of the occlusi
Page 9 and 10: LIST OF FIGURES Figure 3-1. All cas
Page 11 and 12: Figure 4-14. Box plot of the distri
Page 13 and 14: Joondeph and Riedel (1994, p 908) d
Page 15 and 16: Strang (1952, p 794) claimed that
Page 17 and 18: malocclusion must be maintained if
Page 19 and 20: e aimed at maintaining, in most ins
Page 21 and 22: three time intervals: during treatm
Page 23 and 24: mechanical treatment does not neces
Page 25 and 26: elation, the masticatory system wil
Page 27 and 28: exerted on the denture from the buc
Page 29 and 30: In summary, the variance in tongue
Page 31 and 32: Sinclair and Little (1983, p 114) a
Page 33 and 34: Study and 43 orthodontically treate
Page 35 and 36: and Sakols 1982; Vaden et al. 1997;
Page 37 and 38: years postretention. Årtun et al.
Page 39 and 40: adjustment, if necessary. This abil
Page 41 and 42: Duration of Retention The premise i
Page 43 and 44: The reduction in tooth structure of
Page 45 and 46: 4. The most stable position of the
Page 47 and 48: CHAPTER 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sa
Page 49 and 50: The present sample consisted of the
Page 51 and 52: Figure 3-2. Illustration of how mol
Page 53 and 54: Figure 3-3. Illustration showing di
Page 55 and 56: Figure 3-5. Illustration showing mi
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Figure 3-6. Illustration showing an
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Figure 3-8. Illustration showing in
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34. LR3 cusp tip point. 35. Right d
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Figure 3-10. Illustration showing o
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Figure 3-11. Illustration of Inciso
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3. Go, Gonion (anatomic): The most
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Figure 3-13. Depiction of the angle
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Figure 3-15. Illustration of the me
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Figure 3-17. Illustration of the me
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Figure 3-19. Illustration of the an
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Figure 3-21. Illustration of the up
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Figure 3-22. Illustration of the to
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Figure 3-24. Illustration of the po
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the “older” Tweed force system,
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The null hypothesis is: There was n
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Figure 4-1. Distribution of the 166
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occlusal issues are tolerated by bo
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40 35 30 FMA (degrees) 25 20 15 10
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Figure 4-4. Plot of the average val
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larger ANB at the recall examinatio
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21 19 Total Chin (mm) 17 15 13 11 9
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Figure 4-8. Box plot of the distrib
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which a Class I relationship was no
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Figure 4-11. Plot of mean Curve of
Page 105 and 106:
Figure 4-13. Box plot of the distri
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Table A-4 addresses the question of
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Figure 4-16. Bar chart of the avera
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only sample changed significantly m
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3 2 1 0 Canonical Variate 2 -1 -2 R
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8 Anterior Discrepancy (ADisc) 6 4
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40 Incisor Aspect Ratio (IAR) 30 20
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1.5 Incisor Segment Depth (ISD) 1 0
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more stable (i.e., the mean change
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Molar Correction (MC) 10 8 6 4 2 0
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Anterior Segment Width (ASW) 1 0 -1
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final vertical positions. This phas
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decreased in both arches during the
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Figure 5-1. Plot of average Incisor
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Based on the present results, the u
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these variables indicate more anter
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and the hassle associated with plac
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Figure 5-2. Scatter-plot graph refl
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stability?” and “for how long?
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About two-thirds (64%) of the corre
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Baume LJ, Horowitz HS, Summers CJ,
Page 147 and 148:
Case CS. Techniques and principles
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Glenn G, Sinclair PM, Alexander RG.
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Joondeph DR. Retention and relapse.
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Littlewood SJ, Millett DT, Doubleda
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Ormiston JP, Huang GJ, Little RM, D
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Rosenstein SW, Jacobson BN. Retenti
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Steadman SR. A philosophy and pract
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Zachrisson BU, Büyükyilmaz T. Bon
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Table A-1. Descriptive statistics a
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Table A-2. Descriptive statistics a
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Table A-3. Descriptive statistics f
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APPENDIX B. ANCOVA TESTS OF THE COM
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Table B-1. Continued. Sex Retention
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Table C-1. Results of ANCOVA tests
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Table D-1. Descriptive statistics,
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Table E-1. Two-way ANOVA tests eval
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VITA Mark Owens was born on January
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