EFFICACY OF TEMPORARY FIXED RETENTION FOLLOWING ...

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Figure 3-21. Illustration of the upper lip measurement on a lateral cephalogram. .......................................................................................... 66 Figure 3-22. Illustration of the total chin measurement on a lateral cephalogram. .......................................................................................... 68 Figure 3-23. Illustration of the anterior facial height measurement on a lateral cephalogram ............................................................................... 69 Figure 3-24. Illustration of the posterior facial height measurement on a lateral cephalogram ............................................................................... 70 Figure 4-1. Figure 4-2. Figure 4-3. Figure 4-4. Figure 4-5. Figure 4-6. Figure 4-7. Figure 4-8. Figure 4-9. Distribution of the 166 subjects according to their years out of treatment. ............................................................................................ 76 Box plot showing the sex difference in FMIA at the recall examination. ............................................................................................ 79 Box plot showing the sex difference in FMA at the recall examination. ............................................................................................ 80 Plot of the average values of AOBO at the three examinations, by sex. ............................................................................. 82 Plot of the average values of FMA at the three examinations, by sex. ...................................................................................................... 83 Box plot of “total chin” at the pretreatment examination based on type of retention .................................................................... 86 Box plot of the distribution in mandibular Incisor Irregularity at the end of treatment according to the type of retention. ................................................................................................. 87 Box plot of the distribution of the Curve of Spee at the end of treatment in the two retention groups. ............................................... 88 Box plot of molar relationship at the end of treatment in the two retention groups ............................................................................. 89 Figure 4-10. Box plot of the distribution of Curve of Spee at the recall examination by type of retention. ........................................................ 91 Figure 4-11. Plot of mean Curve of Spee by examination. ..................................... 92 Figure 4-12. Box plot of Incisor Depth at the recall examination by retention group. ...................................................................................... 93 Figure 4-13. Box plot of the distributions of mandibular Incisor Irregularity at the recall examination according to type of retention. ................................................................................................. 94 x
Figure 4-14. Box plot of the distributions of IMPA at the recall examination. ............................................................................................ 95 Figure 4-15. Plot of the mean values for Incisor Irregularity by examination and kind of retention ...................................................... 97 Figure 4-16. Bar chart of the average changes in Incisor Irregularity by type of retention ..................................................................................... 98 Figure 4-17. Box plot of Incisor Irregularity at the recall examination, by kind of retention. .................................................................................... 99 Figure 4-18. Bar graph of the means of the four discriminating variables, by group ................................................................................................ 101 Figure 4-19. Canonical plot of the first two variates that discriminate between the groups treated with a fixed versus just-Hawley retainers ................................................................................................. 102 Figure 4-20. Box plot of the amount of relapse in Anterior Discrepancy (ADisc) dependent on type of retention ........................................... 104 Figure 4-21. Box plot of the amount of relapse in Incisor Segment Ratio (ISR) dependent on type of retention. ............................................... 105 Figure 4-22. Box plot of the amount of relapse in Incisor Aspect Ratio (IAR) dependent on type of retention. .............................................. 106 Figure 4-23. Box plot of the amount of relapse in Maxillary Intermolar Width (UMW) dependent on type of retention. .............................. 107 Figure 4-24. Box plot of the amount of relapse in Incisor Segment Depth (ISD) dependent on type of retention ............................................... 108 Figure 4-25. Box plot of the amount of relapse in mandibular Incisor Irregularity (II) dependent on type of retention. ............................. 109 Figure 4-26. Graphic display of Molar Correction (MC) depending on extraction pattern ................................................................................. 112 Figure 4-27. Graphic display of Maxillary Intercanine Width (UCW) depending on extraction pattern ....................................................... 113 Figure 4-28. Graphic display of Anterior Segment Width (ASW) depending on extraction pattern. ...................................................... 114 Figure 5-1. Figure 5-2. Plot of average Incisor Irregularity, by group, at the three examinations. ........................................................................................ 120 Scatter-plot graph reflecting the association for Incisor Irregularity between the amount of relapse following treatment and the amount of change during treatment ................. 128 xi
Page 1 and 2: EFFICACY OF TEMPORARY FIXED RETENTI
Page 3 and 4: DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated
Page 5 and 6: ABSTRACT Instability of the occlusi
Page 7 and 8: CHAPTER 5. DISCUSSION .............
Page 9: LIST OF FIGURES Figure 3-1. All cas
Page 13 and 14: Joondeph and Riedel (1994, p 908) d
Page 15 and 16: Strang (1952, p 794) claimed that
Page 17 and 18: malocclusion must be maintained if
Page 19 and 20: e aimed at maintaining, in most ins
Page 21 and 22: three time intervals: during treatm
Page 23 and 24: mechanical treatment does not neces
Page 25 and 26: elation, the masticatory system wil
Page 27 and 28: exerted on the denture from the buc
Page 29 and 30: In summary, the variance in tongue
Page 31 and 32: Sinclair and Little (1983, p 114) a
Page 33 and 34: Study and 43 orthodontically treate
Page 35 and 36: and Sakols 1982; Vaden et al. 1997;
Page 37 and 38: years postretention. Årtun et al.
Page 39 and 40: adjustment, if necessary. This abil
Page 41 and 42: Duration of Retention The premise i
Page 43 and 44: The reduction in tooth structure of
Page 45 and 46: 4. The most stable position of the
Page 47 and 48: CHAPTER 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sa
Page 49 and 50: The present sample consisted of the
Page 51 and 52: Figure 3-2. Illustration of how mol
Page 53 and 54: Figure 3-3. Illustration showing di
Page 55 and 56: Figure 3-5. Illustration showing mi
Page 57 and 58: Figure 3-6. Illustration showing an
Page 59 and 60: Figure 3-8. Illustration showing in
Page 61 and 62:
34. LR3 cusp tip point. 35. Right d
Page 63 and 64:
Figure 3-10. Illustration showing o
Page 65 and 66:
Figure 3-11. Illustration of Inciso
Page 67 and 68:
3. Go, Gonion (anatomic): The most
Page 69 and 70:
Figure 3-13. Depiction of the angle
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Figure 3-15. Illustration of the me
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Figure 3-17. Illustration of the me
Page 75 and 76:
Figure 3-19. Illustration of the an
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Figure 3-21. Illustration of the up
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Figure 3-22. Illustration of the to
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Figure 3-24. Illustration of the po
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the “older” Tweed force system,
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The null hypothesis is: There was n
Page 87 and 88:
Figure 4-1. Distribution of the 166
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occlusal issues are tolerated by bo
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40 35 30 FMA (degrees) 25 20 15 10
Page 93 and 94:
Figure 4-4. Plot of the average val
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larger ANB at the recall examinatio
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21 19 Total Chin (mm) 17 15 13 11 9
Page 99 and 100:
Figure 4-8. Box plot of the distrib
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which a Class I relationship was no
Page 103 and 104:
Figure 4-11. Plot of mean Curve of
Page 105 and 106:
Figure 4-13. Box plot of the distri
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Table A-4 addresses the question of
Page 109 and 110:
Figure 4-16. Bar chart of the avera
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only sample changed significantly m
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3 2 1 0 Canonical Variate 2 -1 -2 R
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8 Anterior Discrepancy (ADisc) 6 4
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40 Incisor Aspect Ratio (IAR) 30 20
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1.5 Incisor Segment Depth (ISD) 1 0
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more stable (i.e., the mean change
Page 123 and 124:
Molar Correction (MC) 10 8 6 4 2 0
Page 125 and 126:
Anterior Segment Width (ASW) 1 0 -1
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final vertical positions. This phas
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decreased in both arches during the
Page 131 and 132:
Figure 5-1. Plot of average Incisor
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Based on the present results, the u
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these variables indicate more anter
Page 137 and 138:
and the hassle associated with plac
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Figure 5-2. Scatter-plot graph refl
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stability?” and “for how long?
Page 143 and 144:
About two-thirds (64%) of the corre
Page 145 and 146:
Baume LJ, Horowitz HS, Summers CJ,
Page 147 and 148:
Case CS. Techniques and principles
Page 149 and 150:
Glenn G, Sinclair PM, Alexander RG.
Page 151 and 152:
Joondeph DR. Retention and relapse.
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Littlewood SJ, Millett DT, Doubleda
Page 155 and 156:
Ormiston JP, Huang GJ, Little RM, D
Page 157 and 158:
Rosenstein SW, Jacobson BN. Retenti
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Steadman SR. A philosophy and pract
Page 161 and 162:
Zachrisson BU, Büyükyilmaz T. Bon
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Table A-1. Descriptive statistics a
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Table A-2. Descriptive statistics a
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Table A-3. Descriptive statistics f
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Page 171 and 172:
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APPENDIX B. ANCOVA TESTS OF THE COM
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Table B-1. Continued. Sex Retention
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Page 179 and 180:
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
Table C-1. Results of ANCOVA tests
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Page 191 and 192:
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Table D-1. Descriptive statistics,
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Table E-1. Two-way ANOVA tests eval
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VITA Mark Owens was born on January
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EFFICACY OF TEMPORARY FIXED RETENTION FOLLOWING ...

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