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Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Basm Ozeti Un procès q4i laissera un goût d'inac~evé à de nombreux Irakiens La plupart des crimes commIS par le régime du dictateur ne seront pas jugés. la crédibilité de la justice irakien- l'ambassade américaine et les ne dans son ensemble. Pour un bureaux des principaux officiels pays en pleine transition politi- irakiens. Avec de nombreux reque, c'est un très mauvais exem- bondissements liés au contexte pIe ", déplore Richard Dicker, en de violence et de guerre civile: charge du programme de justice l'assassinat de trois avocats de la internationale au sein de HRW. défense, d'un témoin de l'accu- L'organisation, qui condamne sation et'la démission de deux ouvertement l'exécution de Sad- présidents de cour. ({On aurait dam, a relevé une série d'attein- espéré que'les erreurs du procès tes à l'indépendance et à l'impar- Doujail, liées entre autres aux tialité du pouvoir judiciaire aléas de l'Irak d'aujourd'hui, irakien, parmi lesquels des délais pussent être corrigées au cours trop courts impartis à la défense des autres procès ", regrette Hany des accusés et le remplacement Megally. Mais le Haut Tribunal de certains juges sous la pression irakien en a décidé autrement. du gouvernement. ({Bien enten- La condamnation à mort par du, nous ne remettons pas en pendaison de l'ancien raïs, proquestion la culpabilité de Sad- noncée le 5 novembre dernier, a dam, mais il aurait été bon de , été ratifiée le 26 décembre par la pouvoir la prouver dans le cadre Cour d'appel. La sentence peut d'un procès équitable ", ajoute survenir à n'importe quel moment Reed Brody, conseiller juridique dans le mois qui vient. Mais les au sein de HRW. audiences liées à l'affaire Anfal, Organisé sous l'égide du qui ont commencé cet été, de- Haut Tribunal irakien, créé à vraient se poursuivre sans Sadl'époque de Paul Bremer, le pro- dam. En revanche, personne n'est cès de Saddam Hussein et de en mesure de confirmer, depuis sept de ses lieutenants a démar- B~gda?, si les autres accusés, imré à l'automne 2005. Il s'est dé- pliques dans les autres crimes, roulé dans l'enceinte ultraproté- auront rendez-v~us avec la j~stice. gée de la zone verte, qui héberge l '; "n , ."... 1 ~ ~ 1"'1) LES FAMILLES des victimes de ~~,. ~-~ .... Saddarn ne pouvaient rêver ~':" -, - d'une meilleure vengeance: la - "~~ ~ -- ~': '. :.-~- ~-=-- -=-~': =--......... , f.~'~lil~~~~O~edl~ ml IOn de personnes. Mais à l" • .." 1 ~~~~t~~r;~~~~~ ; '11~ ~- : 'n'~' 'iI~-r ';..~ ;'h; l'instar de nombreuses organisa- ' . - "A' ilt,;,
Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Baszn Ozeti TIleMiddleEast December 2006 The worst case scenario • KURDISH LEADERS TALK MORE AND MORE OPENLV OF INDEPENDENCE, SATISFIED FOR THE TIME SEING WITH A FEDERAL SOLUTION Iraqi Kurds are increasingly restless about the future of the region, the promised referendum and the debate over withdrawal of western troops. Chris Kutschera reports THE FATE OF Kirkuk, Khanakin and Sinjar and their eventual reintegration into the Kurdish region continues to hound Baghdad. Former Prime Minister Iyad Allawi created a 'normalisation commission' with a view to addressing the Kurdish displacement. The commission, chaired by Hamid Majid Musa, secretary-general of the Iraqi Communist Party was allocated a budget of $80m but remained without members, without headquarters, and without money because the $80m was never transferred. The situation deteriorated still more under Prime Minister Ibrahim Jaafari, who encouraged the Shi'a Arabs who fled Kirkuk after the fall of Saddam Hussein to come back. But dunng his July meetings at Erbil with Massoud and Nechirvan Barzani (president and prime minister of the Kurdish region), Nuri Al Maliki, the new prime mimster of the Iraqi government dwelt at length on the implementation of article 140of the new Iraqi constitution, which stipulates the organisation of a referendum in the disputed areas before December 2007. He announced the creation of a new 'normalisation commission' of nine members, chamd by justice minister Hachem Chibli - a liberal Shi'a whose wife is Kurdish - with a budget of $200m, which was immediately transferred. He even discussed details of the normalisation of the situation in Kirkuk, and the departure of the Arabs transplanted by Saddam Hussein withm the framework of his campaign of Arabisation: their houses slwuld be bought back, and they should be provided with tents and money in order to resettle in Southern Iraq, allowing the Kurds to return home. Moreover, Al Maliki committed himself to reintegrating the districts which were arbitrarily detached by Saddam Hussein (Kifri, Tuz Khurmatu, Kalar and Chemchemal) into the governorate of Kirkuk. This, he said, would be implemented by government decree in March 2007.A census would take place in July 2007 and the referendum in December 2007. Already several thousand Shi 'a Arabs from Kirkuk have sent a delegation to the Kurdish parliament in Erbil indicating they are ready to move if provided with the necessary assistance. Whether this timetable will be respected and Al Maliki can impose his will on the other members of the government remains to be seen. Experts underline that the 'commission for the solution of conflicted property' has already received more than 40,000 files, of which only 3,000 have been resolved. But even if the authorities in Baghdad display their goodwill, it will be physically impossible to solve tens of thousands of cases within one year and to organise and assist the departure of the Arabs and the return of the Kurds who, in most cases, have no houses or schools. And many Kurds are convinced that, in spite of the prime minister's commitment, Arab leaders in Baghdad will do everything in their power to postpone a referendum indefinitely. One concern is that no-one knows how it will be organised: district by district, or globally for the disputed areas. The Kurdish leaders are divided on what line to follow if this happens. "If the Arabs refuse to organise the referendum, we will apply the law of sin jar - i.e. we will use force," says a Kurdish general. "There is no way to compromise on the date of the referendum, it is December 2007.If we do, we destroy everything," claims Adnan Mufti, a PUK politician and the speaker of the Kurdish parliament. Prime Minister Nechirvan Barzani is more concilia tory: "There is no other option if we want a working fMeral solution. But the question of Kirkuk is a very complicated issue. What is most important is to have a strong will to solve the issue. If needed, we must be patient. Maybe the referendum will not take place at the fixed date. We want a political solution." Many Kurds are haunted by the fear that the US, UK and Turkey will push Baghdad on proposing a 'special statu te' for Kirkuk, which would, in fact, scrap its reintegration into a Kurdish region whose fate is already very uncertain. Meanwhile, Kurdish leaders talk more and more openly of independence. Massoud Barzani has repeated several times that it is a 'legitimate right', but that the Kurds, aware of geopolitical conditions, appear satisfied for the time being with a federal solution. Barzani's adviser, Fuad Hussein, says Kurds and Arabs should agree on a truly federal solution, with the creation of three federal regions - Sunni, Shi'a and Kurdish - with Baghdad as a federal capital. "If not," he says, the Kurds will separate ... "provided we enjoy the support of the US and the presence of American bases in Kurdlstan." If not? Hussein only answers: "What can the peshmergas (Kurdish fighters) do against Turkey?" Those demanding sorne form ofindependence tend to forget the brief existence of the Republic ofMahabad (22 January-17 December 1946). Set up in Iranian Kurdistan under the shadow, if not the protection, of the Soviet armed forces which occupied the northern part ofIran, the Kurdish Republic governed by Qazi Mohammed collapsed when the Soviets were forced to withdraw their forces from Iran and abandoned the Kurds. The Kurds are perhaps too complacent about US support. Their current situation is based on a 'Region of Kurdistan', created in 1991at the initiative of a US, British, French 74
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