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REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RrvrsTA ST-\\fr".OENTRO nE LA PRENSA-BASlN ÖZET; restored --even on a temporary basis-- in March. "The PKK may declareanother unilateral . ceasefire," he explains. "It may.not say i~as openly, but it could put a tr~ce mto. pracl1ce, ceasing its allac~s for a Specl~C reno~. Aud, if Turkey gives signs of ch~ng.mg ItS views ~n the Kurdish problem, the mCldents here will come to an end and free elections can be held." Some argue this is wishfulthinking and that the state should take aH possible measures to insure the safety of the ballot boxes and ballots. Others claim that the DEP, seen by hard-liner Turks au PKK "front" cannot be trusted. What is dear, however, is that from whatever party they ~e, e~eryone is in fav~ur of holding local electIOns m March and ttlkmg' the risks. "These risks are worth taking ..:for the continuation of democracy," Seydoglu says. Party leaders here believe that postponing the elections will close any existing chances of democracy for the people. "If the conditions are paved for the people to vote without fear, and in peace,"says SHP's Kahraman, ballot boxes will reflect the true political "the will of the people." , What Kahraman says is probably true. But it is also an indirect reference to Ankara's unpronounced concern. Rather than the possibility of PKK militants going away with ballot boxes or attacking. them, Turkey fears what the "true political will" of the Southeast people might turn out to be. "It does not matter who the people will vote for. I don't say they should vote for the DYP. They will know which candidate is bes! for them," Ensarioglu says. He bluntly adds that as long as Turkey insists on seeking military solutions to the problem, the winners of the elections will be the same. "The PKK will not interfere by saying 'vote for this or that candidate.' The people will be the determining factor. Because of this, I don't think it [the PKK] will be againstthe will of the people," says Ylldlz. "In other words, if the p'eople see someone fit for the seat, the PKK will respectthis." ANAP's' Seydoglu also offers a meaningful argument: "The greatest values of our people, to live, speak and to express their free will, and'reflecttheseto the ballot boxes must be 'realized.'" Both the people on the street and their politicalleaders believe the military policies put into effect until now have only deepened the, crisis and are leading to a vicious CIrcles. Here; no one wants to hear of Martial Law which, even according to the ruling party's local chairman, "is only a change of reference to the existing system.' There appears to be a consensus between all parties that, let alone the issue imposing Martial Law, even the current State of Emergency should be lifted and a rapid democratization based on restoring human rights and freedoms should begin. "The people want rights. This is their priority," Ensarioglu explains. There is also fear that coming six days after the March 21 celebrations for the Kurdish new year of Nevroz, March could be a month of Immense violence despite all the hopes for a peaceful election. If, for instance, the PKK fails to halt its armed campaign, the blood shed of Nevroz could spill over to the elections" creating the circumstances for Martial Law as well. "What will happen now?" is perhaps the most heard question in this region where everyone, including security personnel, is frustrated at Ankara's failure to draw up concrete policies with regard to the problem. But no one has an answer, Can the elections really be held and will the ballots reflect the free will of the people? More important, what will happen if the elections are postponed? With thesequestions raised, about six months in advance of the crucial poll, Diyarbaklr's parties reflect the blood pressure of the whole region. Despite everything, will the ballots reflect the true choice of the pearle? Moreover, if they. do, but if the PKK supported candidates" still win the elections, what will Ankara do? Here in the troubled region, and especially in rural areas, local elections are more an expression of political willthan the determining of mayoral executives. Neither the parties nor their politics matter. What matters are the candidates and how much trust the people can place on them ... --------------------- ...- ..-------- ----------------- Ankara debatesSpanish • Çiller expected to meet tough resistance from system PM discovers the Basque reality When Professor Tansuçil/er. the prime minister of Turkey.met with her Spanish counterpart Felipe Gonzalez and found out how Spain overcame its own separatist problem she was gripped by euphoria and decided this was what we needed in Turkeyto cope with the Kurdish militants. Turkish Daily News ANKARA. Prime Minister Tansu Çiller and President Süleyman Demirelthis week fell at odds over suggested, solutions for the country's age-old Kurdish problem with Demirel closing all doors on any alternative to military poliCies currently underway. Days after Çil- 1er suggested that Turkey should sembling what the Spanis"h did review the Spanish Basque model when faced with Basque terrorism. to splve its own separatist problem, Gonzales had reportedly exPlaithe president said in an interview ned Spain's threefold campaign on that Turkey would continue figh- the Basque issue, which was su m- ting the outlawed Kurdistan Wor- . marized as agreeing with neighbokers' Party (PKK) without changing ring Syria, Iran, Iraq and Armenia style in any way. "There is no se- to pre vent the PKK from using thecond solution but the form of ir territory (as Spain had done with struggle put into practice today," he France), reaching a consensus betsaid, clearly referring to theongo- ween all parties in Parliamentto taing military campaign in the troub- ke a joint and concrete stance agaled southeast. and eastern regions. inst terrorism, and to gi ve more Çil.ler I~st ~eek told Turkish jo- authority to local administraliol1s -- urnahSl$Jm Vienna after a meetmg if need be differing between regiwith her Spanish counterpart Felipe ons. , Gonzales that she was in favor of To put such a plan to practice, debating administrative changes re- ' Turkey would not only have to se~ cure full and sincere cooperation with its neighbors, but also take simultaneous steps to restore Kurdish rights and freedom. This means lifting all bans on Kurdish culture, allowing them to learn in their own language, have radio and television rights, and be acknowledged as a separate culture. , Demirel's reaction, say parliamentary sources, is actually what a majority in the ruling True Path Party (DYP) believes and is the first obstacle Çiller faces. The Prime Minister was due to attend a crucial summit meeting of state and military officials on Monday evening' where she was expected to hear further reaction. In the words of Demirel, the situation in theSoutheast is completely model for Kurdish • • crisIs different from the situation in :Spail~. "To approach the issue açcordmg to a Basque model is a waste of tIme and would only Irean dampening the struggle. There is no other way but to take the gunout of the hands of armed men In the mou.ntains," Demir~1 said .. He emph,!- s,lzed t~a.t.a solutIOn against separatist activitIes lay only m the success of the country's security forces. " Turkey currently has around 180,000 security personnel, ,thousands of heavy artiHery and.armo~ red vehicles, as well as dozens of helicopters and warplanes in the troubled region. According to Chief 01 Staff 2nd commander Gen. Ahme! Çörekçi, the PKK has around j75,000 sympathizers. But the organization also has I0,000 fighter~ and an alleged 60,ooo-strong militia force. About7,300 people have been killed in the past nine years since the 50
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASlN ÖZETi PKK launched its first major attack~ in 1984 and Ankara adopted ~ilitaI) policies to crush the separatIst movement. One of the strongest oppositiom to Çiller came recently from the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP). which on Monday branded the Prime Minister's rec.eQtproposal as "a bargaining," and said Turkey could not bargam "with bandits who have blood on their hands." 80th Demirel and the MHP appeared to reflect what many Turks feel in the face of increased armed attacks and corpses of innocent Kurdish civilians, Turkish soldiers and policemen being buried every dar.. According to the President, Ç.llel should "notturn to Spain for a solution." Perhaps aware that the resemblance with Spain has not helped whal the coalition plans to do, deputy Prime Minister Murat Karayalçm announced Monday afternoon that it wa~ "not necessary to evaluate the strengthening of local administrations as the model of this country 01 that." What çilJer is counting on appears to be to increase the authority of local administrations, meaning territorial rule, but regulating the authority according to regional conditions. This is close to what the late President Turgut Özall\~d in mind before his deatli. When Ozal first implied such a solution, however, the facl that it offered to lift bans on Kurdish cultural freedom and rights led te massive reaction. Even as president he had to adopt a low profile and somewhat bury the debate. Political observers now believe Çiller has raised a necessary de~ate but with great risks. There IS a strong nationalist tr~nd within t~e DYP, which she chaIrs, and there I~ bound to be strong reaction to an) P.KK ambushesous ,killsfiveâêmooilizedsold mention of reforms. According to the pro-Kurdish Democracy Party (DEP), this was besl seen when she came to power during the DYP's June convenlton with promises of language and ethnic cultural rights for all in Turkey. Several weeks later, she faced so great a reaction that she bluntly said such rights were concessions to the separatists and would divide the countT) stage-by-stage. Referring to the Kurds, she recalled a famous Turkish phrase" "Once you give YOUl hand, they will want your arm." Those supporting Çiller now argue that her proposal should not be taken as a step toward a federal state structure in Turkey and accept that there are differences between the 8asque problem and the Kurdish question. What they miss, however, is thai. Turkey's military leaders and its President refuse to accept that the country is faced with "a Kurdish problem" and insist the problem is of terrorist origin alone. "Still," says DEP parliamentariam group spokesman Van Deputy Remzi Kartal, "We see this new approach as a positive one. Conditions te debate tlie problem are welcomed and it is a good step," he said. "Anything that can lead to a solution i~ welcome." Earlier, Tur~ey's Chief of Staft commander Gen. Do~an Güre~ announced that the pRK would be crushed by next spring, but his statement was far from convincing to the Turks. Local party leaders interviewed in DiyarbaJar over the weekend argue that military solutions onl) exacerbate the problem and strengthen the PKK. All party officiah there agree that the only way Turke) can solve the Kurdish problem is te restore human rights and freedom and find a democratic solution to the problem. Ii.. Turkish Daily News escort. away from.school until the state rrotected ÄNKARA- Militants of the outlawed Tension continues in Tunceli them, noting that they may resign i the con- }ÇurdiSlanWorkers' Pat!Y (PKK) ambushed a The tension that began following the' clash ditions necessitated. . ...•...•.• b..US ............••.•. betweenthe members of the Revolutionary According to the Kurdistan News Agency c:any........... . nearthe'Adakh iog a grOuP..of. town of dem.obil~zed.~ldièrs Bmgöl,kllhng at CommunityParty ofTurkey (TDKP)and the (Kurd-Ha), Tunceli Mayor ,Mehmet .>'Iea~ffiveof them, police officiais said on PKKmihtantscontinued in the eastern Kocademir is at the heart of.the conflict ;Mopday. ,........ '. proyinceofTunêeli.i .••..'..•'•..•••.•..> ••• between the two organizations. In its leaflets,' ?J\nother 24 demobilized. soldiers were SIX l1lembers of the TDKP were killed ID the PKK announced that it would punish 'woünded when the PKK militants raked the' the.da. sh .on. s..a.... t.ur.da. ỵ .'..T..rad.... e.smen inthe Kocademir'with thedeath penalty on the' . i.b\1S~ithautomatic weapons fire..The soldiers towns of Hozar.iOvacJk and PijJümürclosed grounds thathe was a member of the countertheir$hopsJo prtesttbejl.lcidentln Tunceli, guerrillas. ;.•.....••. . ••. .' ~ê~.-etuming home after having completed • '. U'~litary service.. ' . ..•..•.•..•... i. ..i. primaryand.sep9ndary,.sphool.teachersd!d . .Ontheotherhand, theTDKP opposed the Accordmg to the mformatlon from the .' .êê!of the Chief of General Staff, the sol. '. not attel.l~clas~?0~~undst!JattheYdld, ~~iieh~e:k~~~~~~~TIJ~~~~~~ " i'~.~ers-were being protected by a military ~~uÎdcontinue sta~ing as hostages. not~h~~ :;:r~~y . . \ iers ECF0212 4 F 0161 BEL IAFP-SI59 :Eco. -into CEE-Irak: Aide humanitaire de 3~8 millions USD pour les populations kurdes BRUXELLES (CEE8~ 13 oct (AFP) - La Commission européenne a accordé .mercredi une aide humanitaire d'urgence de 3~25 millions d'écus (3,8 millions de dollars) en faveur des popul~tions kurdes au nord de l'Irak, a annoncé un de ~es porte-parole. Les fonds doivent permettre la fourniture de 12 millions de litres de kerosène à des fins ménagères en vue de l'hiver. Le nord de l'Irak connait une sérieuse pénurie alimentaire~ en médiaments et en combustibles. L'opération~ de nature humanitaire~ fait l'objet d'une dérogation à l'embargo économique décidé contre l'Irak~ a précisé le porte-parole. L'an dernier~ la Commission européenne avait déjà débloqué des fonds pour l'achat de 25 millions de litres de kerosène destinés aux populations du nord de l'Irak. Le combustible avait été acheté en Turquie et revendu au prix officiel ayant cours dans le reste du pays. csg/cv AFP 131304 OCT 93 51
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