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REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RlVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASlN ÖZETi balancing theright of Cree speech against thé advocacy of violence and terrorism. There are deep and passionate divisions not just within the opposition parties but within my own party as well. I am cert.ain these critics would be more understandin~ if the debate l.verein their own home country. "Some cntics express indignation at the restrictions imposed by our Anti-Terrorism law on certain types of speech but they fail to acknowledge that in each of their own countries there are speciallaws that restrict speech relating to violence, terrorism or group defamation. Not all of these European laws are neat and sensible and not all of Europe's history enforcing these laws and combating terrorism has been exemplary. "And fmally some critics romanticize the activities of the PKK and they are sometimes called 'guerrillas,'. implying that they are engaged in some heroic struggle but these critics ignore the thousands of innocent civilians brutally murdered by PKK terrorists. They ignore that most of these victims are of Kurdish origin, including many women and children, and they ignore the fact that among those targeted by the PKK have been teachers and village leaders solely because they refuse to support PKK terrorism. This is not, romantic, it is not heroic, It is vicious cowardly terrorism and it should be seen as such by every civilized nation. "Some 'p'oopie hold that more democratic rights are, per se, an anMote for terrorism but nothing is furtlier from the truth. Even in a "perfected" democracy, if such were attainable, human dignity can be placed at risk by terrorism. Indeed countries deemed "most democratic" all too often ex~rience terrorism at its worst. First there are changes in 21 articles of our constitution, which have been agreed upon by the main parties. The second change is the devolution of more powers to local autlwrities. The third change involves freedom of expression. We must modify our Anti-Terrorism law by abolishing öfchanging Article 8 under which highly publicized prosecutions have been brought against writers, journalists and academics. '1bese judicial proceedings have been.,agro$.gso~: of contentIon .. botli at home and abroad. Théymtist aitdW,ill end. We are striving for a consensus on a carefully crafted provision that conforms to article 10 of the European con~. vention of human rights so that the nonviolent expression of' ideas will be protected. ' "Officially, in Turkey there are three minorities, Greek and Armenian Christians, and Jews. This official minority status is a legallegacy of the 1923 treaty of Lausanne which viewed Muslims in the newly formed Turkish Republic as a whole, and defined minority status strictly to protect the religious rights of these three groups. But as a unitary nation-state built from more than twenty ethnic backgrounds, who have completely intermingled. no special privileges have ever been attached to any group beéause of ethnic background, race or geographic location. We are all first class citizens. "Among these groups are Kurds ..full citizens of the Republic, active in every walk of life, living in every region, and fully integrated 'publicly, privately and politically. The PKK terrorist campaIgn for separatism can not relate to their needs or aspirations. Indeed, they continue to be the greatest victims ofPKK brutality. "Our goal is greater liberty for each and every individual. For each local administration, greater authority. For each person, the right to cultural self-expression. "Let me also address the issue of the convicted DEP parliamentarians that many of our friends here seem to focus on. It has been suggested on a number of occasions that the Turkish government should free the DEP parliamentarians who have been tried and sentenced to various prison terms. Let me be direct: If the govefllll}ent of Turkey had such authority, Turkey would no longer be a parliamentary democracy. It would undermine and politicize our independent judiciary and the rule of law - which are at the foundation of a democratic state. Instead, we will strictly honor their right to appeal, not o.nly in Turkey,~but also m S~sbourg. And let me empha- ,sIZe that according to the deCISion of the courts, they have not been jailed on account of the ideas they expressed but due t~ their pr~ve~ affiliations with and actions supporting a terronst orgaruzatIOn. . "Some of the DEP parliamentarians,are themselves confessing it in Europe in front of the European fress. Indeed, one of the leaders said the following, and quote. 'The movem~nt .which is. carrying out the. armed struggle is developmg Its own dIplomacy. We partIcularly are carrying out these activities. The PKK movement has a diplomacy on behalf of the party. We are performing this diplomacy.' The chairman of the Democracy Party which has been closed down said the following in Vienna on June 7: 'We are the PKK.' ''We share our frontiers with eight countries which extend from the Mediterranean - to the Black Sea - to the Persian Gulf. This is a 'rough neighborhood.' The one solid rock at the center is Turkey - stable, democratic, tolerant, modem. The map vividly demonstrates why the survival of Turkish democracy is so remarkable. "Later this year, the customs union will be beforethe European Parliament. I want to say this to my friends in the European Parliament: I know of no precise formula or measurement to weigh the changes and improvements in Turkey.This is an ongoing process for us, as it is in all countnes. In making tliis judgement, you must also weigh' the alternatives: If the customs union is approved, it will unquestionably accelerate further change in Turkey. It will stren~then the forces of reform and encourage the large majonty of Turks who want integration with Europe. ''But)'où .must understand that a "nay"vote is bound to strengthen the hands of rejectionists who tell our citizens that European bigotry and prejudice against Turks will prevail re~ardless of what we do - and that Turkey's aspiration of mtegration will be rejected in any case. "Europe should also consider the impact of this historic decision on its own future. Consider wliat Turkey has done for European stability and security in the past - and what we can do for European prosperity and economic strength, as well as for its stability and security. in the years and , decades ahead. 'The collapse of the Soviet Union has left a security vacuum throughout this region. There is the danger that the very complex ethnic, cultural and religious mosaic strad. dling this area may be set with strife and violence. We have seen the traumatic consequences of this even in the heart of Europe in Bosnia. This situation has produced a new type of security dilemma. It cannot be addressed with orthödox defense or military structures from without. The problem must tackled from 'within.' "Our challenge together is to bring peace, prosperity and' security to those areas threatened by a continuatIon of the ethnic, religious, and cultural conflicts and passions of the 'past. The solution, we know, must lie in a policy mix of economic cooperation, and political and security alliances. Turkey's unique location, our economic strength, our historic diversity, and our political and social stability can help Europe respond to these challenges." Çiller on Tuesday also urged the Western European Druon to accept Turkey's full membership to the European defense organIzation during a WEU review process due to start in 1996. In a press statement, Çiller recalled that the organization approved in 1992 a status of associate membership for Turkey, Norway and Iceland - all NATO allies but not full members to the European Union. 175
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RZVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASlN ÖZETi , Complaining that associate membership meant much lés9: than full meml>ership, Ciller said, "This we find to be somewhat in~~_Œl£~tible_ wit6. th~ logic and, reguirements of true partnership IDthe field of secunty and defense. "Security is indivisible ... Europe cannat afford to keep Turkey at armS' length in security matters ... We view OUf. associate membership status in WEU as a transitory phase' towards full membership." ..• The prime minister said, "Therefore, 1996 (EU and . WEU) review conference will be a timely opportunity for the countries concerned ... to accord Turkey full membership inWEU." . Hi2hlights From Ciller Q.A in WEU Assembly,. • Tn a move to solten the European criticism of Turkey following State Minister Ayvaz Gökdemir's insults to three female deputies of the European Parliament,Çiller said: 'Those de~utiesare my menas and I.will not tolerate anyone being IDsulted." ''My government immediately made a: remark distancing itself from the remarks," Çiller said. ' • Saddam Hussein and PKK: The Turkish prime miniS" ter claimed at one point that Iraqi President SadClamHussein supported the outlawed Kurdistan Workers' Party because Turkey acted against Iraq in the Gtilf War. She added that Turkey's other neighbors supported the PKK for various oth~.reasons. , . .. . . ;PM Çi1ler:We can'ttolerate use ofneighboring countries , as bases for terrorist attacks' . , Interlerenee: Some factions in PKK are open. to manipulation by neighboring states. By tInur Çevik i 'Turkish Daily News , . PARIS- .Prime Minster Tansu Çiller says Turkeklfl~ot tolerateterrorists infiltrating from neighboring countries and ',' g innocent pepIe in Turkey, including civilians '~d s.oldie~s,and adds "no country in Europe .would ~ a blind eye to this eIther if they were targets of such aggreSSIOn." . . . The prime minister, speaking to five journalists who accompanied her to the French capital where she addressed the parliamentary assembly of the Western European Union (WEU), reacted to the recent Kurdish separatist attacks from' Iran and northern Iraq- where sèveral . Turkish border stations were raided and more than two dozen soldiers .killed saying "no one and I mean no one including our neighbors should underestimate our determination to wipe out the terrorists.". . Çiller saId theterrorist organization, the outlawed, Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) had beeri reduced tosize in Turkey and could not launch serious terrorist actions at home "sothey fled to neighboring countries and are .. launching terrorist attacks from these places.", . She SaId the PKK militants who set up bases in northern I,rag were preparing terrorist actions throughout Turkey an~ not only in the southeastern parts of the country. "We entered northern Iraq and dislodged them thus we prevent-. ed them from launching terrorist attacks," she said. . The prime minister said the decision to launch a military incursion into northérn Iraq to wipe out the PKK bases had ,been taken before Turkey signed the entry documents into European' customs UnIon m early March. 'This decision showed our strength and our determination to wipe out 'separatist te.rrorism," she declared. , ''The world was up in arms because we had 'launched the military operation into northern Iraq because this was an area where there were rich oil reserves." , Asked ta comment about the' recent attacks on the iraflian and Iraqi borders by PKK militants, the pnme nun- ' ist~r sai~ "we ~ave some mtelligence reports that th,e ter- 'ronsts shpped mto Turkey from Iran." However, WIthout naming Iran or any other country the prime minister stressed ~'ifpeople come into our country from the outside and kill ordin~ry civilia~s and our sold~ers eve~yone should beaware that we wIll not tolerate this. We wIll not' tolerate anyone who turns a blind eye to this. What European country would allow such actIon against its .territory?" The prime minister also said the PKK is factionalized and hinted that some of these groups may be open to manipulation by' the neighboring countries. "There are some factions .which can be controlled by neighboring states while there are ,others who prefer to act mdependently." Çiller said there are even alliances with some PKK factIons and the Hezbollah group. The prime minister stressed Turkey needs to enhance her intelligence gath- ~ng capabilities to counter the threats levelled against the country. "We have to concentrate especially on intelli- .gence gathering activities outside the country." Çiller also • ~~essed this means better cooperation with allied countries J9r intelligence ga~ering and shari~g. , .The pnme mInIster stated all thIS means a reorgamzation and restructuring of the intelligence gathering apparatus and this had 'already been started in Turkey. .. On T~rkey's ties with Europe, the prime minister said she and her colleagues made every effort to explain to the Europeans "that you can't do without us.~' , ' .,'She said if Turkey' fails to enter the cusloms union this " would be a great loss for the country but a' greater loss for Europe. Çille~ stressed she was th,e frrst to openly tell the Euro~ Urnon leaders "you are a club of ChristIan coun-, fries' and said she never. gave promises she cannot keep. , "I openly told them we will not do anything to help the PKK, we will not provide special rights to a certairi group of people" and regarding democratization "I will'push hard for reforms but I did not promise anything." On other domestic issues the primeminister said: • She is not pessimistic that the constitutional amendments will clear the Parliament. "We have found 298 votes for the amendments and I am sure we can get the 300 that is necessary to push them through Parliament without the need to refer them to a referendum." She feels there may be only few True Path Party deputies opposing the amendn'1çnts and voting against them ,out the bulk of the DYP deputies have supported the constitutional Changes. '. She says she opposes a referendum on the constitutienal amendments oecause this will be' a loss of valuable 'time for the country "but this does not mean we are scared of a referendum\!. Çiller set her priorities as: ' "First the passage of the constitutional amendments, then the p'assage of the seventh five year development plan which wIll give more autonomy and independence to local administratIons to run their own regions and last but not least the amendments on Article 8 of the Anti-Terrorism Law on freedom of expression.' , , , • "Throwing away three ,zeros from the Turkish lira is mI important issue and we should start work on looking at , the pros and cons of the issue. To do this we need to a task force to workon it. We have started this and' ordered the State Plànning Organization to make a preliminarr. study. It is a matter of tIming and I cannot say we wIll do it immediately. We are now simply looking mto the viability of the issue. , , • "I will convene the cabinet soon after returning to Turkey and ask the council of ministers to approve the extension of the mandate of Provide Comfort and the emergency rule in the southeastern provinces." '-I 176
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