Bulletin de liaison et d'information - Institut kurde de Paris
Bulletin de liaison et d'information - Institut kurde de Paris
Bulletin de liaison et d'information - Institut kurde de Paris
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INSTITUT<br />
URD<br />
DE PARIS<br />
<strong>Bull<strong>et</strong>in</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>liaison</strong> <strong>et</strong> <strong>d'information</strong><br />
I N° 122-123 I<br />
Mai-Juin 1995
Ce bull<strong>et</strong>in parait en français, allemand, anglais,<br />
~ur<strong>de</strong>, espagnol <strong>et</strong> turc.<br />
Prix au numéro: France: 30 FF - Etranger: 35 FF<br />
Abonnement annuel (12 numéros) France: 300 FF - Etranger: 350 FF<br />
Directeur<br />
Périodique mensuel<br />
<strong>de</strong> la publication : Mohamad HASSAN<br />
Numéro <strong>de</strong> la Commission Paritaire: 659 15 A.S.<br />
ISSN 0761 1285<br />
INSTITUT KURDE, 106, rue La Fay<strong>et</strong>te - 75010 PARIS<br />
Tél. : (1) 48 24 64 64 - Fax: 47 70 99 04
SOMMAIRE<br />
• LE PRÉSIDENT TURC AGITE LE SPECTRE D'UNE CONSPIRATION<br />
OCCIDENTALE CONTRE LA TURQUIE<br />
• LA COMMISSION EUROPÉENNE DES DROITS DE [HOMME DÉCLARE<br />
RECEVABLES LES REQUÊTES DES DÉPUTÉS KURDES EMPRISONNÉS<br />
• LES ÉTATS-UNIS APPELLENT LEURS ALLIÉS A UN BOYCOTT<br />
COMMERCIAL DE [IRAN<br />
• LA TURQUIE SIGNE UN CONTRAT DE GAZ DE 20 MILLIARDS DE<br />
DOLLARS AVEC [IRAN<br />
• MME. ÇILLER EN VISITE OFFICIELLE EN FRANCE<br />
• FIN DE [OPÉRATION MILITAIRE TURQUE AU KURDISTAN D'IRAK<br />
• UN MINISTRE TURC DÉNOMBRE «295 MORTS POUR DES CAUSES NON<br />
NATURELLES A LA MORGUE DE LINSTITUT MÉDICO-LÉGAL»<br />
• SELON FREEDOM HOUSE, LA TURQUIE N'A PAS DE PRESSE LIBRE<br />
• CHRONIQUE DE LA GUERRE AU KURDISTAN DE TURQUIE<br />
• LA REVUE DE PRESSE, EN BREF<br />
•<br />
LE PRÉSIDENT TURC AGITE LE SPECTRE D'UNE<br />
CONSPIRATION OCCIDENTALE CONTRE lA TURQUIE<br />
'ACTUALITÉ en Turquie <strong>de</strong> ces<br />
<strong>de</strong>ux mois a été dominée par les<br />
interventions fracassantes <strong>de</strong><br />
Süleyman Demirel. Le prési<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
turc, qui a évoqué la question<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>, n'a pas hésité à parler<br />
d'une« conspiration occi<strong>de</strong>ntale It<br />
contre la Turquie. Il a également<br />
lancé une mise en gar<strong>de</strong> tous-azimuts<br />
dans le Turkish Daily News du 3 mai,<br />
visant à la fois les Etats-Unis, la Russie <strong>et</strong><br />
l'Europe: «Ne jouez pas avec la carte<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>, restons amislt a lancé le Prési<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
turc affirmant l'existence d'un complot<br />
mondial visant à déstabiliser son pays.<br />
Habituée aux sorties médiatiques du<br />
Prési<strong>de</strong>nt, la presse n'a pas prêté beaucoup<br />
d'attention à c<strong>et</strong>te première déclaration.<br />
Mais Demirel est revenu à <strong>de</strong>ux reprises à la<br />
charge, <strong>et</strong> ce, avec seulement quelques jours<br />
d'intervalle. Il a présenté à l'opinion la<br />
<strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> européenne d'amélioration <strong>de</strong>s<br />
droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme en Turquie comme une<br />
« conspiration It. Il s'agirait selon lui « <strong>de</strong>s<br />
efforts délibérés pour empêcher la Turquie<br />
d'entrer dans l'union douanièrelt, sinon, d'une<br />
réactualisation pure <strong>et</strong> simple du Traité <strong>de</strong><br />
Sèvres qui, en 1920, prévoyait la création<br />
d'un État kur<strong>de</strong>. Dans un troisième<br />
entr<strong>et</strong>ien accordé au même journal, il a<br />
expliqué que « c<strong>et</strong>te année It le PKK serait<br />
écrasé militairement. « Ne vous sentez pas<br />
coupables vis-à-vis <strong>de</strong> l'Europe It a-t-il ajouté,<br />
« c'est l'Europe qui est coupable <strong>de</strong> n'avoir pas<br />
soutenu notre lutte contre le terrorisme It.<br />
« N'envisagez pas un dialogue ou une solution<br />
politique avec les séparatistes, sinon, vous<br />
allez avoir une réaction du nationalisme tUIt<br />
<strong>et</strong> le pays <strong>de</strong>viendrait ingtrable It a-t-il averti,<br />
probablement à l'intention du gouvernement.<br />
Fina-Iement, en s'adressant à<br />
l'Europe, le prési<strong>de</strong>nt a expliqué que la<br />
Turquie ne pourrait se contenter d'un<br />
strapontin: «les Turcs ne peuvent accepter<br />
d'être poussés à c<strong>et</strong>te limite, s'ils le <strong>de</strong>venaien~<br />
les dégâts seraient très difficile à répartrlt (cf.<br />
les p.14-17, 60 <strong>et</strong> 80 <strong>de</strong> notre <strong>Bull<strong>et</strong>in</strong>)<br />
Probablement encouragé par ces<br />
déclarations surprenantes du Prési<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>de</strong>
• 2 • <strong>Bull<strong>et</strong>in</strong> ,le <strong>liaison</strong> <strong>et</strong> ,1'ill!onnCltiOll nU 122-123 • 1\1"i-)IIill 1995<br />
la République, l'un <strong>de</strong>s ministres turcs,<br />
M.Gök<strong>de</strong>mir, affilié à l'extrême-droite <strong>et</strong><br />
connu dans les années 70 sous le:sobriqu<strong>et</strong><br />
d'«Ayvaz le Commando», s'est senti libre <strong>de</strong><br />
qualifier les trois députées européennes,<br />
Mmes. Claudia Roth, Catherine Lalumière<br />
<strong>et</strong> Pauline Green, en mission officielle en<br />
Turquie, <strong>de</strong> «prostituées». C<strong>et</strong>te remarque,<br />
qui a scandalisé les parlementaires<br />
européens dans leur ensemble (<strong>et</strong> une<br />
partie <strong>de</strong> la presse turque), a suscité<br />
l'extrême-droite en Turquie, mais a comblée<br />
<strong>et</strong> embarrassé le gouvernement turc, dirigé<br />
par une femme ! Les excuses officielles du<br />
Premier ministre Çiller ont quelque peu<br />
apaisé les réactions, mais le ministre en<br />
question n'a accepté à présenter <strong>de</strong>s excuses<br />
qu'à <strong>de</strong>mi-mot <strong>et</strong> sans exprimer le moindre<br />
regr<strong>et</strong> : « si cela peut les soulager, je leur<br />
présente mes excuses pour ce malentendu».<br />
Sans renoncer aux poursuites judiciaires<br />
éventuelles, les députés européennes ont<br />
regr<strong>et</strong>té, par la voix <strong>de</strong> Mme. Pauline<br />
Green, l'absence <strong>de</strong> sanction contre ce<br />
ministre qui, à la faveur d'un remanie-ment<br />
gouvernemental a même gagné du galon<br />
Alliée <strong>de</strong> fait avec l'extrême droite, Mme.<br />
Çiller a dû se contenter <strong>de</strong> l'explication<br />
scandaleuse que lui a donnée son ministre.<br />
Selon c<strong>et</strong>te explication citée par le quotidien<br />
Cumhuriy<strong>et</strong>, le ministre aurait déclaré: «je<br />
n'ai pas dit 'prostituée' mais 'putain' <strong>et</strong> le public<br />
turc m'approuve»,<br />
D'autres dignitaires turcs ont soutenu<br />
explicitement ou implicitement ce politicien<br />
malotru. Hûsam<strong>et</strong>tin Cindoruk, prési<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'Assemblée turque, réputé plus sérieux,<br />
s'est déclar~ solidaire <strong>de</strong> Gök<strong>de</strong>mir. Les<br />
parleinentaires européens auraient, selon<br />
lui, .« provoqué <strong>de</strong>s réactions justifiées du côté<br />
turc ». Enfin, le prési<strong>de</strong>nt Demirel, a fait<br />
preuve d'égards particuliers envers ce<br />
ministre, en l'incluant dans sa délégation<br />
officielle en visite au Kazakhstan.<br />
LA COMMISSION EUROPÉENNE DES DROITS<br />
DE rHOMME DÉCLARE RECEVABLES LES REQUÊTES<br />
DES DÉPUTÉS KURDES EMPIDSONNÉS<br />
E Parlement européen a adopté,<br />
le 15 juin 1995, une résolution<br />
réaffirmant « son opposition à<br />
l'Union douanière avec la Turquie<br />
tant que les députés kur<strong>de</strong>s restent<br />
en prison <strong>et</strong> que les droits du<br />
peuple kur<strong>de</strong> ne sont pas<br />
reconnus ». De son côté, la<br />
Commission européenne <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong><br />
l'Homme a considéré que les requêtes<br />
présentées en juin 1994 par <strong>de</strong>s députés<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>s contre l'État turc étaient<br />
recevables, à la lumière <strong>de</strong> l'article 6 <strong>de</strong> la<br />
Convention européenne <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong><br />
l'Homme. En ce qui concerne la violation<br />
d'autres dispositions <strong>de</strong> la Convention par<br />
les autorités turques, la Commission<br />
réserve son jugement à l'épuisement <strong>de</strong>s<br />
recours internes, notamment au verdict <strong>de</strong><br />
la Cour <strong>de</strong> cassation turque, saisie par les<br />
députés. Avant <strong>de</strong> déférer c<strong>et</strong>te affaire<br />
<strong>de</strong>vant la Cour européenne <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong><br />
l'homme, dont la Turquie reconnaît la<br />
compétence, la Commission propose aux<br />
<strong>de</strong>ux parties <strong>de</strong> chercher «un règlement à<br />
l'amiable» qui, dans le contexte turc<br />
actuel, paraît improbable.<br />
En attèndant, un autre organe du Conseil<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'Europe, son Assemblée parlementaire,<br />
a <strong>de</strong> nouveau «exigé la libération <strong>de</strong>s<br />
députés emprisonnés pour délit d'opinion».<br />
Mais les autorités turques se réfugient<br />
<strong>de</strong>rrière «l'indépendance <strong>de</strong> la justice» <strong>de</strong><br />
leur pays pour opposer une fin <strong>de</strong> non<br />
recevoir à ces «appels» <strong>et</strong> «exigences»<br />
d'autant que les gouvernements<br />
occi<strong>de</strong>ntaux ne semblent guère leur en<br />
tenir rigueur.<br />
Cependant le sort <strong>de</strong>s députés kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
emprisonnés continue d'émouvoir<br />
l'opinion publique. En janvier <strong>de</strong>s députés<br />
norvégiens issus <strong>de</strong> tous les partis<br />
politiques représentés au Parlement<br />
avaient proposé la candidature <strong>de</strong> Leyla<br />
lana pour le prochain Prix Nobel <strong>de</strong> la<br />
Paix. Pour soutenir c.<strong>et</strong>te initiative Mme.<br />
Danielle Mitterrand s'est rendùe, début<br />
mai, à Oslo où elle a rencontré <strong>de</strong><br />
nombreuses personnalités. Au cours d'une<br />
conférence <strong>de</strong> presse donnée au Parlement<br />
norvégien elle a déclaré que: «le choix <strong>de</strong><br />
Mme. Zana constituerait, pour le Prix<br />
Nobel, une gran<strong>de</strong> ouverture vers le mondé<br />
musulman, Leyla Zan a étant à la fois<br />
femme, musulmane mais laïque <strong>et</strong> élue du<br />
peuple». Elle a également ajouté que trois<br />
lauréats du prix Nobel <strong>de</strong> la paix, Oscar<br />
Arias Sanchez (1987), Adolfo PeJez<br />
Esquivel (1980) <strong>et</strong> B<strong>et</strong>ty Williams (1976)<br />
soutenaient c<strong>et</strong>te <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>.<br />
.~.
Il /22-12;. \/Ili-/llill l'J'J, Hlll/ll'Il tic lilli,oll er tI'i"JO""ll1io". j.<br />
LES ÉTATS-UNIS APPELLENT LEURS ALLIÉS<br />
A UN BOYCOTT COMMERCIAL DE [IRAN<br />
NTERVENANT <strong>de</strong>vant le Congrès<br />
juif Mondial à New York, le<br />
prési<strong>de</strong>nt Clinton a annoncé le 30<br />
avril une interdiction totale<br />
d'échanges commerciaux <strong>de</strong>s<br />
États-Unis avec l'Iran <strong>et</strong> d'investissements<br />
américains dans ce<br />
pays. Le len<strong>de</strong>main, au cours<br />
d'une conférence <strong>de</strong> presse donnée à<br />
Washington, le Secrétaire d'État américain<br />
a déclaré à l'intention <strong>de</strong> ses alliés ainsi<br />
que <strong>de</strong> la Russie <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> la Chine qu'«il ny<br />
avais plus d'excuses pour maintenir <strong>de</strong>s<br />
relations commerciales avec le régime<br />
islamiste <strong>de</strong> Téhéran~. Le Secrétaire d'État<br />
a appelé les nations alliées à «arrêter tous<br />
leurs crédits qui perm<strong>et</strong>tent d l'Iran <strong>de</strong><br />
divertir les maigres ressources du pays vers<br />
<strong>de</strong>s programmes militaires <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> soutenir le<br />
terrorisme~.<br />
Selon M. Christopher «nran constitue une<br />
menace majeure aux intérêts américains <strong>et</strong> d<br />
la sécurité internationale~. 11a estimé que<br />
«malgré une crise économique intérieure,<br />
l'Iran dépense chaque année plusieurs<br />
centaines <strong>de</strong> millions <strong>de</strong> dollars pour fournir<br />
en armes <strong>de</strong>s équipements, <strong>de</strong> l'entraînement<br />
<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> l'ai<strong>de</strong> financière aux groupes<br />
radicaux~. 11 a affirmé que «Téhéran<br />
cherchait tout spécialement d se procurer la<br />
technologie <strong>de</strong> centrifugation gazeuse<br />
utilisée pour l'enrichissement du combustible<br />
nucléaire d usage militaire <strong>et</strong> qu'en 1992 il<br />
avait envoyé <strong>de</strong>s agents au Kazakhstan pour<br />
acquérir <strong>de</strong> l'uranium enrichi. Nous sommes<br />
déterminés d arrêter les Iraniens <strong>et</strong> pour que<br />
les autres nations ne se servent pas comme<br />
excuse <strong>de</strong> notre commerce avec l'Iran pour<br />
accor<strong>de</strong>r à ce pays <strong>de</strong>s crédits ou d'autres<br />
facilités susceptibles <strong>de</strong> le renforcer, nous<br />
cessons tous nos échanges commerciaux avec<br />
l'Iran~, a conclu M. Christopher.<br />
C<strong>et</strong>te prise <strong>de</strong> position radicale <strong>de</strong><br />
Washington est intervenue une semaine<br />
avant la visite <strong>de</strong> M. Clinton à Moscou où il<br />
a <strong>de</strong>mandé à nouveau au prési<strong>de</strong>nt Eltsine<br />
<strong>de</strong> revenir sur la vente <strong>de</strong> l'Iran <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux<br />
réacteurs nucléaires <strong>de</strong> conception russe.<br />
Le commerce américain avec l'Iran reste<br />
assez mo<strong>de</strong>ste. En 1994 les ventes<br />
américaines à Téhéran étaient estimées à $<br />
326 millions. Seules les compagnies<br />
pétrolières américaines qui directement<br />
ou par le biais <strong>de</strong> leurs filières achètent<br />
environ 20% <strong>de</strong> l'or noir iranien, pour un<br />
montant <strong>de</strong> $3,5 milliards par an, seront<br />
affectées par c<strong>et</strong>te interdiction.<br />
Le gouvernement iranien a réagi avec<br />
véhémence à c<strong>et</strong>te décision américaine en<br />
affirmant que «la politique américaine au<br />
Moyen Orient est plus enfonction du soutien<br />
au régime sioniste que <strong>de</strong>s considérations<br />
<strong>de</strong>s intérêts nationaux américains~.<br />
Entr<strong>et</strong>enant un commerce prospère avec<br />
l'Allemagne, le japon, la Russie <strong>et</strong> la<br />
Chine notamment, Téhéran ne semble pas<br />
s'inquiéter outre mesure du boycott<br />
américain. Celui-ci ne pourra avoir un<br />
impact sérieux sans le soutien au moins<br />
<strong>de</strong>s pays <strong>de</strong> G7. Or ces <strong>de</strong>rniers, à<br />
commencer l'Allemagne, dont les<br />
exportations vers l'Iran s'élèvent à $ 6<br />
milliards par an, ne sont pas très chauds à<br />
l'idée d'un tel boycott. Bonn, Londres <strong>et</strong><br />
<strong>Paris</strong> ont d'ailleurs dès le 2 mai déclaré<br />
par la voix <strong>de</strong> leurs ministres <strong>de</strong>s Affaires<br />
étrangères que «l'embargo commercial n'est<br />
pas l'instrument approprié pour influencer<br />
l'opinion en Iran <strong>et</strong> susciter <strong>de</strong>s changements<br />
favorables,.. Le meilleur moyen d'y<br />
parvenir, selon le ministre allemand<br />
d'économie, M. Günter Rexrodt, est <strong>de</strong><br />
«poursuivre le dialogue politique avec l'Iran<br />
qui seul peut conduire 17ran d se comporter<br />
d'une façon responsable». Tandis que le<br />
japon, second partenaire commercial <strong>de</strong><br />
l'Iran après l'Allemagne, se réfugie dans<br />
un «wait-and-see~ pru<strong>de</strong>nt.<br />
On se souvient que malgré l'assassinat sur<br />
son territoire <strong>de</strong> plusieurs opposants<br />
démocrates iraniens, dont 4 dirigeants<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>s, Bonn avait poussé son «dialogue<br />
critique avec Téhéran~ jusqu'au point <strong>de</strong><br />
dérouler le tapis rouge pour le ministre<br />
iranien du renseignement Falahian pourtant<br />
accusé par la justice alleman<strong>de</strong> d'être<br />
le principal organisateur <strong>de</strong> ce terrorisme<br />
d'État pratiquant en plein coeur <strong>de</strong><br />
l'Europe une véritable chasse à l'homme,<br />
en toute impunité. On sait aussi que <strong>de</strong>ux<br />
autres agents iraniens réclamés par la<br />
justice suisse pour leur implication dans<br />
l'assassinat d'une personnalité iranienne<br />
ont été, à une veille <strong>de</strong> Noël, expulsés vers<br />
l'Iran par le gouvernement <strong>de</strong> M. Balladur,<br />
«dans l'intérêt supérieur <strong>de</strong> la France».<br />
Téhéran n'a donc rien à craindre d'un<br />
«dialogue critique~ avec ses principaux<br />
partenaires commerciaux. Du moins tant<br />
qu'il est en mesure <strong>de</strong> payer ses achats.<br />
LA TURQUIE SIGNE UN CONTRAT DE GAZ DE 20<br />
MILLIARDS DE DOLLARS AVEC [IRAN<br />
IDELE parmi les alliés supposés<br />
les plus fidèles <strong>de</strong> Washington, la<br />
Turquie, malgré l'appel américain<br />
au boycott <strong>de</strong>s relations commerciales<br />
avec la République<br />
islamique, a signé le 5 mai à<br />
Ankara un accord commercial qualifié <strong>de</strong><br />
«historique~ avec l'Iran. Intervenant après<br />
<strong>de</strong>s années d'âpres négociations, c<strong>et</strong><br />
accord prévoit la fourniture par \'Iran du<br />
gaz naturel à la Turquie pour une pério<strong>de</strong><br />
<strong>de</strong> 23 ans pour un coût total <strong>de</strong> 20<br />
milliards <strong>de</strong> dollars. Pour ce faire, les<br />
<strong>de</strong>ux pays vont construire ensemble un
• 4 • <strong>Bull<strong>et</strong>in</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>liaison</strong> <strong>et</strong> d'infollllCllion 11° 122-123 • Mai-Juill 1995<br />
oléoduc Tabriz-Ankara qui perm<strong>et</strong>tra <strong>de</strong><br />
fournir dès 1998 <strong>de</strong>ux milliards <strong>de</strong> mètres<br />
cubes <strong>de</strong> gaz. Ce volume sera porté à 8<br />
milliards en 2001 avant d'atteindre en<br />
2202 le rythme <strong>de</strong> croisière <strong>de</strong> 10<br />
milliards <strong>de</strong> mètres cubes par an.<br />
Les États-Unis n'ont pas reagl<br />
publiquement à la signature <strong>de</strong> ce contrat<br />
dont la date, choisie par Téhéran, ne<br />
semble pas constituer un succès pour la<br />
diplomatie américaine engagée désormais<br />
dans une politique <strong>de</strong> «containment» du<br />
régime islamique iranien.<br />
MME. ÇILLER EN VISITE OFFICIELLE EN FRANCE<br />
Constatant que, selon les sources d'AFP,<br />
«la guerre au Kurdistan dans laquelle sont<br />
engagés 300.000 soldats, gendarmes <strong>et</strong><br />
policiers turcs, est actuellement l'un <strong>de</strong>s<br />
conflits les plus meurtries du mon<strong>de</strong>», les<br />
organisations <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'Homme ont<br />
<strong>de</strong>mandé au gouvernement français <strong>de</strong><br />
«conditionner toute ai<strong>de</strong> financière ou<br />
politique à Ankara au progrès réalisés par la<br />
Turquie dans la voie <strong>de</strong> la démocratie, <strong>de</strong> la<br />
libération <strong>de</strong>s prisonniers d'opinion <strong>et</strong> du<br />
dialogue en vue <strong>de</strong> règlement pacifique du<br />
problème kur<strong>de</strong>».<br />
E Premier ministre turc, Mme.<br />
Tansu Çiller qui avait salué<br />
l'élection <strong>de</strong> M. Jacques Chirac<br />
à la prési<strong>de</strong>nce <strong>de</strong> la République<br />
française, a été l'un <strong>de</strong>s premiers<br />
dirigeants du mon<strong>de</strong> à lui<br />
rendre visite, le 19 juin.<br />
Expliquant l'attachement <strong>de</strong> son<br />
pays à l'Europe <strong>et</strong> à l'Union douanière,<br />
réitérant ses promesses <strong>de</strong> démocratisation<br />
<strong>et</strong> du renforcement <strong>de</strong>s «droits<br />
individuels», le premier ministre turc s'est<br />
surtou t efforcé <strong>de</strong> justifier la<br />
condamnation <strong>de</strong>s députés kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>et</strong> sa<br />
politique «anti-terroriste». Elle a<br />
également regr<strong>et</strong>té que « la Turquie ne<br />
dispose pas, à l'instar d'un pays comme<br />
l'Espagne avec la France, d'un voisin lui<br />
perm<strong>et</strong>tant <strong>de</strong> lutter contre le terrorisme, ce<br />
qui l'oblige à composer avec un voisinage<br />
difficile» .<br />
A l'occasion <strong>de</strong> la visite à <strong>Paris</strong> du<br />
premier ministre turc, dix organisations.<br />
humanitaires dont France-Libertés, la<br />
Ligue <strong>de</strong>s Droits <strong>de</strong> l'Homme,l'Union <strong>de</strong>s<br />
Femmes Françaises, le CIMADE, la<br />
Maison du Mon<strong>de</strong>, Agir Ensemble <strong>et</strong> Agir<br />
Ici ont <strong>de</strong>mandé au gouvernement<br />
français <strong>de</strong> revoir sa politique d'ai<strong>de</strong><br />
militaire à ce pays, car c<strong>et</strong>te ai<strong>de</strong> renforce<br />
«contre les Kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> Turquie une répression<br />
aussi ftroce que celle que pratique le régime<br />
<strong>de</strong> Saddam Hussein à l'encontre <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'Irak». Critiquant les soucis<br />
mercantilistes à la base d'un contrat<br />
Il est encore tôt pour savoir si c<strong>et</strong> appel a<br />
portant sur la livraison <strong>de</strong> 20 hélicoptères quelques chances d'être entendu par <strong>Paris</strong>.<br />
Cougar à Ankara, ces associations ont Au <strong>de</strong>meurant, le baisemain du Prési<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
invité <strong>Paris</strong> à «suivre l'exemple <strong>de</strong> français a fait la gloire <strong>de</strong> Mme. Çiller qui<br />
l'Allemagne, l'Afrique du Sud, l'Autriche, la n'a pas hésité à assurer une large diffusion<br />
Norvège, le Danemark, la Suè<strong>de</strong> <strong>et</strong> les Pays- <strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong>te photo-souvenir dans les médias<br />
Bas en suspendant toute livraison d'armes <strong>et</strong> turcs afin d'améliorer son image <strong>de</strong><br />
toute assistance militaire à la Turquie». marque bien ternie en Turquie.<br />
FIN DE rOPÉRATION MILITAIRE TURQUE<br />
AU KURDISTAN D'IRAK<br />
'OPÉRATION turque au Kur- En tout cas, c<strong>et</strong>te opération en<br />
distan irakien qui avait suscité préparation <strong>de</strong>puis <strong>de</strong>s semaines, ne<br />
<strong>de</strong> vives réactions en Europe <strong>et</strong> semble pas avoir été une surprise pour le<br />
aux Etats-Unis (cf. les nO120 <strong>et</strong> PKK qui avait largement pris les <strong>de</strong>vants.<br />
121 <strong>de</strong> notre <strong>Bull<strong>et</strong>in</strong>) s'est<br />
achevée, aux premiers jours du Sur le plan diplomatique, la Turquie qui<br />
mai, par le r<strong>et</strong>rait total <strong>de</strong>s forces venait <strong>de</strong> signer l'accord sur l'Union<br />
turques <strong>et</strong> par la création d'une douanière avec l'Union européenne, est<br />
zone « tamponne » à la frontière. « Bilan parvenue à constituer un bloc contre elle,<br />
mitigé au plan politique, négatif au plan m<strong>et</strong>tant mal à l'aise ses alliés les plus<br />
diplomatique» titrait alors une dépêche fidèles, y compris les Etats-Unis qui ont<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'Agence France Presse pour évaluer dans un premier temps soutenu<br />
. c<strong>et</strong>te opération coûteuse. En eff<strong>et</strong>, selon l'opération mais durci le ton ensuite.<br />
les sources turques citées par l'Agence,<br />
555 militants du PKK (sur <strong>de</strong> 2400 à 2800 Limage <strong>de</strong> marque <strong>de</strong> la Turquie à<br />
combattants) auraient été tués <strong>et</strong> 13 l'extérieur ne s'est toutefois pas améliorée<br />
arrêtés. Les sources kur<strong>de</strong>s irakiennes, avec le r<strong>et</strong>rait <strong>de</strong>s troupes turques. En<br />
bien informées sur celle question, eff<strong>et</strong>, dès le len<strong>de</strong>main <strong>de</strong> la fin <strong>de</strong><br />
évaluent à moins d'une vingtaine <strong>de</strong> morts l'opération, le Prési<strong>de</strong>nt turc a réactualisé<br />
les pertes du PKK. Aucun bilan n'a été un thème récurrent <strong>de</strong>puis plusieurs<br />
donné concernant les pertes <strong>de</strong> l'armée. années pour évoquer la nécessité <strong>de</strong>
Il L!l-I2.$. \/"iJuill 199.> Hulk/ill tic li"i,oll ('/ tl'iIlJOIIII,,/ioll • .> •<br />
J<br />
rem<strong>et</strong>tre en cause la frontière turcoirakienne.<br />
Ii a même précisé que<br />
l'ancienne province ottomane <strong>de</strong> Mossoul<br />
(couvrant le Kurdistan irakien <strong>de</strong> nos<br />
jours) « appartenait encore à la Turquie ».<br />
C<strong>et</strong>te déclaration venant du somm<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />
l'État a suscité <strong>de</strong> nombreuses réactions<br />
hostiles, dont celles <strong>de</strong> Bagdad <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />
Washington. Elle a été quelque peu<br />
rectifiée le 5 mai par le quotidien<br />
d'Istanbul Turkish Daily News, qui ajoute<br />
qu'une phrase du prési<strong>de</strong>nt n'avait pas été<br />
citée: «un tel rajustement n'était pas<br />
d'actualité dans l'immédiat ».<br />
Au vu du bilan coûteux <strong>de</strong> l'opération<br />
militaire, c<strong>et</strong>te déclaration prési<strong>de</strong>ntielle<br />
mérite réflexion. Elle est en tout cas<br />
susceptible d'expliquer la motivation<br />
cachée <strong>de</strong> la politique que la Turquie<br />
mène au Kurdistan d'Irak <strong>de</strong>puis plusieurs<br />
années. C<strong>et</strong>te politique semble être potentiellement<br />
irré<strong>de</strong>ntiste. Reste à savoir si après<br />
l'aventure chypriote <strong>de</strong> 1974, qui constitue<br />
un problème épineux dans la Méditerranée<br />
orientale, la Turquie se lancera ou non dans<br />
l'avenir dans une <strong>de</strong>uxième aventure <strong>de</strong><br />
conquête territoriale, au risque d'étendre la<br />
guerre kur<strong>de</strong> dans toute la région.<br />
UN MINISTRE TURC DÉNOMBRE<br />
«295 MORTS POUR DES CAUSES NON NATURELLES<br />
À LA MORGUE DE rINSTITUT MÉDICO-LÉGAL»<br />
ES mois <strong>de</strong> mai <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> juin 1995<br />
ont été marqués par une<br />
recru<strong>de</strong>scence <strong>de</strong>s affrontements<br />
entre l'armée turque <strong>et</strong> les<br />
combattants du PKK. Selon les<br />
agences <strong>de</strong> presse qui, d'une<br />
manière irrégulière en font état,<br />
ces affrontements se seraient<br />
soldés par «<strong>de</strong>s centaines <strong>de</strong> morts». En<br />
raison du black-out officiel sur «les<br />
événements du Sud-Est» on ne sait<br />
combien d'entre eux ont été exécutés<br />
sommairement par telle ou telle unité<br />
militaire <strong>et</strong> combien achevés sous la<br />
torture par la police. Pour les sources<br />
officielles turques tous ces morts sont «<strong>de</strong>s<br />
terroristes du PKK», <strong>et</strong> l'armée est sur le<br />
point d'éradiquer définitivement c<strong>et</strong>te<br />
organisation. Toutefois, on constate que<br />
loin <strong>de</strong> disparaître, le PKK semble<br />
parvenir à étendre son champ d'actions,<br />
élargi désormais à la région <strong>de</strong> Dersim, à<br />
plusieurs centaines <strong>de</strong> kilomètres <strong>de</strong><br />
distance <strong>de</strong>s «zones frontalières passoires»,<br />
si souvent dénoncées par Ankara pour<br />
justifier les opérations militaires dans le<br />
Kurdistan irakien.<br />
Prenant apparemment au sérieux ses<br />
fonctions, le nouveau ministre d'État turc<br />
chargé <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'Homme, Algan<br />
Hacaloglu a expliqué, au cours d'une<br />
visite à l'<strong>Institut</strong> <strong>de</strong> mé<strong>de</strong>cine légale le 23<br />
mai, que «295 personnes non i<strong>de</strong>ntifiées<br />
avaient trouvé la mort pour <strong>de</strong>s causes non<br />
naturelles». Commentant le cas <strong>de</strong> Hasan<br />
Ocak, opposant politique dont le corps a<br />
été i<strong>de</strong>ntifié par sa famille, le ministre n'a<br />
pas exclu que la plupart <strong>de</strong>s autres<br />
personnes soient également victimes <strong>de</strong>s<br />
assassinats politiques perpétrés par <strong>de</strong>s<br />
escadrons <strong>de</strong> la mort ou dans <strong>de</strong>s centres<br />
<strong>de</strong> torture <strong>de</strong> la police.<br />
Le prédécesseur <strong>de</strong> M. Hacaloglu, qui<br />
avait dénoncé «le terrorisme d'État» avait<br />
été démissionné à la première occasion.<br />
La durée <strong>de</strong> vie ministérielle <strong>de</strong> l'actuel<br />
ministre s'annonce également précaire.<br />
Enfin la répression contre les intellectuels<br />
se poursuit également. Ainsi, le journaliste<br />
Ahm<strong>et</strong> Altan, auteur d'un texte satirique<br />
intitulé «Atakürt», qui lui avait valu son<br />
licenciement du journal MilHy<strong>et</strong>, a été<br />
traduit <strong>de</strong>vant la Cour <strong>de</strong> sûr<strong>et</strong>é <strong>de</strong> l'État<br />
d'Istanbul. I.:auteur,dont nous avions publié<br />
le texte dans l'une <strong>de</strong> nos précé<strong>de</strong>ntes<br />
livraisons, risque <strong>de</strong>ux ans <strong>de</strong> prison.<br />
SELON FREEDOM HOUSE,<br />
LA TURQUIE N'A PAS DE PRESSE LIBRE<br />
ANS son étu<strong>de</strong> annuelle sur<br />
l'état <strong>de</strong> la liberté <strong>de</strong> presse à<br />
travers le mon<strong>de</strong>, rendue<br />
publique le 4 mai à Washington,<br />
l'organisation spécialisée<br />
américaine Freedom House<br />
classe la Turquie dans la<br />
catégorie <strong>de</strong>s pays n'ayant pas<br />
<strong>de</strong> presse libre. Selon c<strong>et</strong>te étu<strong>de</strong> intitulée<br />
«The Presse: Pressed and Opressed» les lois<br />
<strong>et</strong> régulations turques influencent<br />
gravement le contenu <strong>de</strong>s médias <strong>de</strong> ce<br />
pays, qui subissent également <strong>de</strong> lour<strong>de</strong>s<br />
pressions politiques. Sur le pan <strong>de</strong>s<br />
actions répressives (assassinat <strong>de</strong><br />
journalistes, auto-censure, harassement,<br />
expulsion, violence contre les journalistes<br />
<strong>et</strong> les locaux <strong>de</strong>s journaux) la presse écrite<br />
turque obtient la note <strong>de</strong> 20 sur 20, 20<br />
étant la pire <strong>de</strong>s notes, les radiotélévisions<br />
contrôlées par l'État ou par <strong>de</strong><br />
grands groupes inféodés à l'État s'en<br />
tirent, elles, avec un Il sur 20. Dans le<br />
classement général, la Turquie arrive en<br />
73ème position, loin <strong>de</strong>rrière les pays<br />
d'Amérique du Sud (Bolivie, 17ème;<br />
Argentine, 29ème), d'Europe orientale<br />
(Bulgarie, 39ème; Grèce, 26ème; Croatie,<br />
56ème) <strong>et</strong> même <strong>de</strong> nombreux pays<br />
africains (Uganda, 38ème; Burkina Faso,<br />
37ème; Madagascar, 44ème; Zimbabwe,<br />
59ème), Haiti (51 ème), l'Arménie<br />
(57ème), l'Azerbaïdjan (69ème), le<br />
Kuwait (70ème) <strong>et</strong> le Tchad (72ème) ont
• 6 • <strong>Bull<strong>et</strong>in</strong> <strong>de</strong> li{lison <strong>et</strong> {"in!ol1l1ation na 122-123 • M{li:1uin 1995<br />
selon l'étu<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Freedom House, une<br />
presse plus libre que la Turquie qui peut<br />
se consoler <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>vancer les pays comme<br />
l'Iran, la Ubye, le Turkménistan, la Chine<br />
CHRONIQUE DE lA GUERRE<br />
AU KURDISTAN DE TURQUIE<br />
3 mai<br />
A Pasinler un enfant <strong>de</strong> neuf ans, Ercan<br />
Gökme, est mort à la suite <strong>de</strong> l'explosion<br />
d'une grena<strong>de</strong> trouvée près d'un<br />
baraquement militaire.<br />
5 mai<br />
Vehbi Deniz est assassiné à Diyarbakir par<br />
<strong>de</strong>s tueurs non i<strong>de</strong>ntifiés.<br />
9mai<br />
Hasan Ezer est assassiné à Diyarbakir par<br />
<strong>de</strong>s tueurs non i<strong>de</strong>ntifiés.<br />
Il mai<br />
A Bingöl, un enfant <strong>de</strong> huit ans, E.<br />
Bingöllü, est tué à la suite <strong>de</strong> l'explosion<br />
d'une mine.<br />
<strong>et</strong> l'Irak! Piètre consolation pour un pays<br />
membre du Conseil <strong>de</strong> l'Europe <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />
l'OTAN <strong>et</strong> candidate à l'Union<br />
européenne.<br />
29 mai<br />
Fikr<strong>et</strong> Acar <strong>et</strong> Hakki Akbalik sont<br />
assassinés par <strong>de</strong>s tueurs non i<strong>de</strong>ntifiés à<br />
Diyarbakir. Le même jour, Süleyman<br />
Yalçin, enlevé dans le village <strong>de</strong> Bakacak<br />
par <strong>de</strong>s inconnus, est r<strong>et</strong>rouvé mort.<br />
1er iuin<br />
A Siirt, <strong>de</strong>s gendarmes tirent sur un bus <strong>et</strong><br />
blessent le chauffeur M<strong>et</strong>in Çelik. celui-ci<br />
perd le contröle du bus qui se renverse<br />
causant la mort <strong>de</strong> trois femmes.<br />
Siuin<br />
A Mersin, Abdullah Önen est abattu par<br />
<strong>de</strong>s tireurs non i<strong>de</strong>ntifiés.<br />
7 iuin<br />
A Kozluk, le fermier Hadi Baran, enlevé<br />
par <strong>de</strong>s inconnus, est r<strong>et</strong>rouvé mort.<br />
Il<br />
iuin<br />
Le berger Haci Ali Kemik est assassiné par<br />
<strong>de</strong>s tueurs non i<strong>de</strong>ntifiés à Siverek.<br />
Iliuin<br />
Les affrontements entre le PKK <strong>et</strong> les<br />
militaires s'intensifient. Selon <strong>de</strong>s sources du<br />
ministère turc <strong>de</strong> l'Intérieur, citées par<br />
l'Agence France-Presse, au cours <strong>de</strong>s dix<br />
premiers jours du mois, 141 combattants du<br />
PKK ont trouvé la mort lors <strong>de</strong>s<br />
affrontements avec l'armée turque; Selon la<br />
même agence, 28 autres combattants <strong>et</strong> cinq<br />
militaires auraient été tués les jours suivants.<br />
13 iuin<br />
A Siirt, Mme. Medise Tegen trquve la<br />
mort à la suite <strong>de</strong> l'explosion d'une mine.<br />
17 juin<br />
A Batman Mahmut Yildiz <strong>et</strong> Hasan Ilter<br />
sont assassinés par <strong>de</strong>s tueurs non<br />
i<strong>de</strong>ntifiés. Le même jour, Enver Özcan<br />
trouve la mort à la suite <strong>de</strong> l'explosion<br />
d'une bombe. .<br />
14 mai<br />
Haci Sems<strong>et</strong>tin est tué à Mardin par <strong>de</strong>s<br />
tueurs non i<strong>de</strong>ntifiés.<br />
lA REVUE DE PRESSE, EN BREF<br />
15 mai<br />
Abdülkerim Kaya, 60 ans, enlevé le 13<br />
mai, est r<strong>et</strong>rouvé mort près du village<br />
Isik<strong>de</strong>re.<br />
16 mai<br />
A Dargeçit, Yusuf Çelik, conducteur <strong>de</strong><br />
tracteur, est tué par l'explosion d'une<br />
mme.<br />
28 mai<br />
Süleyman Kaplan, arrêté <strong>de</strong>ux jours<br />
auparavant par <strong>de</strong>s inconnus, a été<br />
r<strong>et</strong>rouvé mort.<br />
YACHAR KEMAL: « MAIS MÊME PAS<br />
UNE SEULE VOIX NE SE FIT<br />
ENTENDRE DANS LA PRESSE<br />
OCCIDENTALE ». (Svenska Dagensbla<strong>de</strong>t,<br />
13 avril 1995), p. 1-3.<br />
ETATS-UNIS: « Le PKK EST IMPLIQUÉ<br />
DANS LE TRAFIC DE DROGUE ».<br />
(Turkish Daily News, 1er avril 1995), p. 4.<br />
« VISITE DE LA 'TROÏKR EUROPÉENNE<br />
À ANKARA ET INTERVENTION<br />
TURQUE DANS LE NORD DE tIRAK ».<br />
(Journal officiel <strong>de</strong>s Communautés<br />
européennes, 6 avrilI99S), p. 5-7.<br />
LES AVOCATS DU DEP ACCUSENT LA<br />
COUR CONSTITUTIONNELLE D'AVOIR<br />
PRONONCE UNE DÉCISION<br />
POLITIQUE ET NON PAS JURIDIQUE,<br />
La délégation <strong>de</strong> l'OSCE <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> la<br />
libération <strong>de</strong>s députés du DEP. (Turkish<br />
DailyNews, 2 mai 1995), p. 7-8.<br />
LES KURDES EN PRISON TURQUE. « La<br />
Prison nO 5 » <strong>de</strong> Mehdi lANA. (Cambio<br />
16, 1er mai 1995), p. 9-11.
Il 122-12). \llliJuill 199.> Bul/c/ill tic li(/i\oll c/ tI'ill)(IIIII(I/ioll .7.<br />
LES ÉTATS-UNIS DEMANDENT A<br />
LEURS ALLIES DE SE JOINDRE AUX<br />
SANCTIONS CONTRE L'IRAN.<br />
(International Herald Tribune, 2 mai 1995),<br />
p.13-14.<br />
TROIS BATAILLONS TURCS SE<br />
TROUVENT ENCORE DANS LE NORD<br />
DE LlRAK, SELON MME. ÇILLER (AFP,<br />
2 mai 1995), p. 13.<br />
DEMIREL MET EN GARDE [EUROPE,<br />
LES ÉTATS-UNIS ET LA RUSSIE: « NE<br />
JOUEZ PAS AVEC LA CARTE KURDE.<br />
RESTONS AMIS ~. (Turkish Daily News, 3<br />
mai 1995), p. 14-18.<br />
LES ÉTATS-UNIS: LlRAN SOUTIENT LE<br />
TERRORISME EN TURQUIE. (Turkish<br />
Daily News, 2 mai 1995), p. 19.<br />
ÇILLER SIGNALE LA FIN DE<br />
[OPÉRATION DE LA TURQUIE DANS<br />
LE NORD DE nRAK. (Turkish Daily<br />
News,3 mai 1995), p. 20.<br />
ASILE BAFOUE. DES KURDES<br />
RENVOYÉS A ISTANBUL (L'Humanité, 3<br />
mai 1995), p. 21.<br />
LINTERDICTION DU COMMERCE<br />
AVEC LIRAN NE REÇOIT QU'UNE<br />
RÉACTION FROIDE DE LA PART DES<br />
ALLIES. (International Herald Tribune, 3<br />
mai 1995), p. 21-22.<br />
TURQUIE : LE PRÉSIDENT VEUT<br />
MODIFIER LA FRONTIÈRE AVEC<br />
[IRAK. (Libre Belgique, 3 mai 1995), p.<br />
23.<br />
LIRAK S'OPPOSERA A TOUTE<br />
MODIFICATION DE SA FRONTIÈRE<br />
AVEC LA TURQUIE. (AFP, 4 mai 1995),<br />
p.23.<br />
WASHINGTON REFUSE TOUTE<br />
MODIFICATION DE LA FRONTIÈRE<br />
IRAKO- TURQUE PAR LA FORCE. (AFP,<br />
3 mai 1995), p. 24.<br />
ANKARA DEMANDE UN NOUVEAU<br />
TRACE DE SA FRONTIÈRE AVEC<br />
[IRAK. (Le Mon<strong>de</strong>, 4 mai 1995), p. 24.<br />
MADAME MITTERRAND VEUT<br />
DONNER LE PRIX DE LA PAIX AUX<br />
KURDES. (Aftenposten, 3 mai 1995), p.<br />
25.<br />
MME. MITTERRAND POUR<br />
[ATTRIBUTION DU PRIX NOBEL DE LA<br />
PAIX A UN DÉPUTÉ KURDE. (AFP, 3<br />
mai 1995), p. 26.<br />
VISITE A UNE DÉMOCRATE<br />
EMPRISONNÉE. (LHumanité, 5 mai<br />
1995), p. 27.<br />
JUGEMENT AJOURNE SUR UNE<br />
EXTRADITION DE KANI YILMAZ VERS<br />
LALLEMAGNE. Lopération turque en<br />
Irak: bilan mitigé au plan militaire,<br />
négatif au plan diplomatique. (AFP, 4 mai<br />
1995), p. 28-29.<br />
TURQUIE-ARMÉNIE: LÉTAT MAJOR<br />
TURC ÉTABUT UNE « ZONE DE<br />
SÉCURITÉ ~ DANS LA PROVINCE DE<br />
KARS. (Gamk, 4 mai 1995), p. 30.<br />
ANKARA CONVOQUE SES<br />
AMBASSADEURS EN EUROPE. (AFP, 4<br />
mai 1995), p. 31.<br />
LE DÉPARTEMENT D'ÉTAT DES ÉTATS-<br />
UNIS: LA TURQUIE MÉRITE [AIDE DE<br />
SES AllIES DE [OTAN DANS SA LUTTE<br />
CONTRE LE PKK. (Turkish Daily News, 4<br />
mai 1995), p. 31.<br />
LA TURQUIE PRÉPARE UNE<br />
NOUVELLE POLITIQUE A rENCONTRE<br />
DE ŒUROPE, Le ministre <strong>de</strong> la justice<br />
empêche le procureur d'engager un procès<br />
contre Kemal. LE DÉPARTEMENT D'ÉTAT<br />
CROIT QUE SADDAM HUSSEIN<br />
RESTERA AU POUVOIR ENCORE UN AN.<br />
(Turkish Daily News, 4 mai 1995), p. 32-33.<br />
[OPÉRATION TURQUE DANS LE NORD<br />
DE [IRAK SE TERMINE, Déclaration<br />
officielle du ministère <strong>de</strong> la défense. (Neue<br />
Zürcher Zeitung, 5 mai 1995), p. 54.<br />
PARIS SE FÉLICITE DE [ANNONCE DE<br />
LA FIN DE [OPÉRATION TURQUE EN<br />
IRAK DU NORD. (AFP, 5 mai 1995), p.<br />
35.<br />
SELON LES TURCS LE RETRAIT DE<br />
nRAK EST ACHEVÉ. (International<br />
Herald Tribune, 5 mai 1995), p. 35.<br />
LA DÉLÉGATION DE LOSCE<br />
RENCONTRE LE GOUVERNEUR DE LA<br />
RÉGION DE LÉTAT D'EXCEPTION A<br />
DIYARBAKIR, Les dirigeants du HADEP<br />
mis en accusation <strong>et</strong> arrêtés. ALORS QUE<br />
166 PERSONNES SONT EMPRISONNES<br />
POUR LEURS OPINIONS, LA<br />
DISCUSSION SUR LARTICLE 8 CON-<br />
TINUE. La remarque incorrectement citée<br />
<strong>de</strong> Demirel provoque une tempête, LE<br />
REPRÉSENTANT D'ERNK KANI YILMAZ<br />
EN PROCÈS A LONDRES, Le PDK en<br />
discussion sur la sécurité frontalière avec<br />
la Turquie. ruPK choisit la diplomatie<br />
dans son approche au PKK. (Turkish Daily<br />
News, 5 mai 1995), p. 36-39.<br />
EN HUIT ANS LE COMMERCE TURCO-<br />
AMÉRICAIN A COÛTÉ 9.8 MILLIARDS<br />
DE DOLLARS A LA TURQUIE, classée<br />
l'un <strong>de</strong>s «dix grands marchés<br />
émergeants~, la Turquie, 32ème cliente<br />
<strong>de</strong>s Etats-Unis en 1994 a ach<strong>et</strong>é l'année<br />
<strong>de</strong>rnière 2,75 milliards <strong>de</strong> dollars <strong>de</strong><br />
marchandises aux Etats-Unis <strong>et</strong> exporté<br />
vers ce pays pour un montant <strong>de</strong> 1,6<br />
milliards <strong>de</strong> dollars. (Turkish Daily News,<br />
6 mai 1995), p. 39.<br />
[AGENDA DES DROITS DE LHOMME,<br />
La Turquie el l'Irak discutent <strong>de</strong> la<br />
sécurité frontalière. (Turkish Probe, 5 mai<br />
1995), p. 40-41.<br />
LA GUERRE TURQUE DES MOTS. (The<br />
New York Times, 6 mai 1995), p. 42.<br />
LA « FREEDOM HOUSE ~ : LA<br />
TURQUIE N'A PAS DE PRESSE LIBRE, La<br />
cour ajourne le procès <strong>de</strong> Kemal <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux<br />
mois, CUNTON ET YELTSINE<br />
POURRAIENT DISCUTER DU<br />
«PROBLÈME KURDE~, La Turquie signe
.8. <strong>Bull<strong>et</strong>in</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>liaison</strong> <strong>et</strong> ,l'infonnlltion na 122-123 • Mai-Juin 1995<br />
avec j'Iran un accord <strong>de</strong> 20 mitriards <strong>de</strong><br />
dollars d'achat du pétrole. Selon l'étatmajor<br />
turc: LOPÉRATION DE IJRAK DU<br />
NORD EST TERMINÉE. - Le<br />
représentant européen <strong>de</strong> l'ERNK cause<br />
un mal <strong>de</strong> tête à la Gran<strong>de</strong> Br<strong>et</strong>agne. -<br />
LANCIEN MINISTRE TURC DES<br />
DROITS DE LHOMME REND PUBLIC<br />
UN RAPPORT OFFICIEL SUR LA<br />
TORTURE. (Turkish Daily News, 06 mai<br />
1995), p. 43-46.<br />
LA LUTTE DES INTELLECTUELS<br />
TURCS CONTRE LÉTAT, Le procès à<br />
l'encontre <strong>de</strong> Yachar Kemal. (Neue Zür:cher<br />
Zeitung, 6.7 maiJ995), p. 47.<br />
LES ÉTATS-UNIS SUR LE RETRAIT DE<br />
LIRAK DU NORD : « ÇILLER A TENU<br />
SA PROMESSE », La Russie <strong>et</strong> l'Iran<br />
parviennent à un accord sur la<br />
technologie nucléaire. (Turkish Daily<br />
News, 7 mai 1995), p, 48.<br />
FIN DE LINTERVENTION TURQUE<br />
DANS LE NORD DE IJRAK. (Le Mon<strong>de</strong>, 6<br />
mai 1995), p. 48.<br />
LE PDK IRAKIEN: AVEC 20.000<br />
HOMMES NOUS POUVONS ASSURER<br />
LA SÉCURITÉ DE LA FRONTIÈRE<br />
TURQUE. Ankara élabore un plan <strong>de</strong><br />
travail pour ses relations avec l'Europe. -<br />
BAGDAD ATTAQUE DEMIREL AU<br />
SUJET DE SES REMARQUES SUR LA<br />
FRONTIÈRE TURCO- IRAKIENNE.<br />
(Turkish Daily News, 8 mai 1995), p. 49-<br />
50.<br />
DES DÉPUTÉS FRANÇAIS INTERPEL-<br />
LENT LEUR GOUVERNEMENT A<br />
PROPOS DE SA POLITIQUE ENVERS LA<br />
TURQUIE. (Assemblée nationale, 8 mai<br />
1995), p. 51.<br />
LE CONGRES AMÉRICAIN OFFRE 37<br />
MILLIONS DE DOLLARS COMME<br />
« COÛT DE SUBSIDIRAITÉ » A LA<br />
TURQUIE? (Turkish Daily News, 8 mai<br />
1995), p. 53.<br />
SEMDIN SAKIK COMMANDANT DU<br />
PKK, NIE AVOIR ÉTÉ TUÉ. (Libération, 9'<br />
mai 1995), p. 53.<br />
LA NORMALISATION DES RELATIONS<br />
DE LA SUISSE AVEC ANKARA. (Neue<br />
Zürcher Zeitung, 9 mai 1995), p. 54.<br />
APPEL DU,PARLEMENT KURDE EN<br />
EXIL À LA COMMUNAUTÉ<br />
INTERNATIONALE. (AFP, 8 mai 1995),<br />
p.55.<br />
LES DIRIGEANTS DU HADEP EN<br />
DÉTENTION AURAIENT ÉTÉ<br />
. TORTURES. (Turkish Daily News, 9 mai<br />
1995), p. 55.<br />
SELON LAFP LIDÉE D'UN RÈGNE<br />
TURC DANS LE NORD DE IJRAK A DES<br />
DÉFENSEURS PARMI LES KURDES.<br />
(Turkish Daily'News, 8 mai 1995), p. 56.<br />
SADDAM EST LA BELLE DU BAL LES<br />
RICHESSES PÉTROLIÈRES DE LIRAK<br />
ATTIRENT LES PRÉTENDANTS; Les<br />
compagnies américaines restent à la<br />
maison. Une fois les sanctions levées,<br />
l'Irak pourrait <strong>de</strong>venir le facteur le plus<br />
important <strong>et</strong> le plus imprévisible du<br />
marché pétrolière. (International Herald<br />
Tribune,9 mai 1995), p. 57.<br />
ANKARA SATISFAIT DE LA VICTOIRE<br />
DE CHIRAC. Selon la CIA: Turquie <strong>et</strong><br />
Iran interviendraient dans le cas <strong>de</strong> la<br />
création d'un État kur<strong>de</strong>. (Turkish Daily<br />
News, 10 mai 1995), p. 58.<br />
MESSIEURS LES JUGES ... Par Yachar<br />
Kemal. (Libération, 10 mai 1995), p. 59.<br />
DISTINCTION POUR LA PARLEMEN-<br />
TAIRE KURDE EMPRISONNÉE LEYLA<br />
ZANA. Des associations pacifistes<br />
alleman<strong>de</strong>s lui décernent le prix <strong>de</strong> la Paix<br />
d'Aix-la Chapelle. (AFP, 8 mai 1995), p.<br />
52.<br />
DEMIREL: LA TURQUIE FAIT FACE A<br />
UNE «CONSPIRATION» OCCIDENTA-<br />
LE. (Turkish Daily News, 10 mai 1995), p.<br />
60.<br />
MENACES DE SUSPENSION DE LA<br />
TURQUIE: LE COMITÉ DES MINISTRES<br />
DU CONSEIL DE LEUROPE S'ENGAGE<br />
A RÉPONDRE; Mais en signe <strong>de</strong> bonne<br />
volonté Ankara signe <strong>de</strong>ux protocoles à la<br />
Convention européenne <strong>de</strong> prévention <strong>de</strong> la<br />
torture. (AFP, 10-11 mai 1995), p. 61.<br />
LES KURDES, PEUPLE ÉCARTELÉ.<br />
(InfaMatin, II mai 1995), p. 62.<br />
LA TURQUIE RELANCE LE DÉBAT SUR<br />
LA MODIFICATION DES FRONTIÈRES<br />
DE IJRAK. (Le Mon<strong>de</strong>, II mai 1995), p.<br />
63.<br />
LES MINISTRES EUROPÉENS SE<br />
TAISENT SUR LA TURQUIE. (Neue<br />
Zürcher Zeitung, 12 mai 1995), p. 63.<br />
LIRAN PLANIFIE UN VASTE<br />
PROGRAMME NUCLÉAIRE, MAIS UN<br />
HAUT RESPONSABLE NIE TOUTE<br />
INTENTION DE DÉVELOPPER DES<br />
ARMES. (International Herald Tribune, 15<br />
mai 1995), p. 64.<br />
IRAK/KURDISTAN : UNE RÉGION<br />
ÉCONOMIQUEMENT COUPÉE EN<br />
DEUX. (AFP, 15 mai 1995), p. 65-66.<br />
LE PACTOLE DE « MEHMETÇIK ». Une<br />
campagne' <strong>de</strong> soutien a permis à l'armée<br />
turque d'amasser l'équivalent <strong>de</strong> 470<br />
millions <strong>de</strong> francs. (La Croix, 13 mai<br />
1995), p. 66.<br />
LA PREMIÈRE CHAÎNE KURDE VERS<br />
LA TURQUIE. UN PROGRAMME<br />
SATELLITE PROVOQUE LA COLÈRE DE<br />
LA TURQUIE. (Neue Zürcher Zeitung, 18<br />
mai 1995), p. 67-68.<br />
DES « AMIS» FRANÇAIS DE LlRAK<br />
ORGANISENT UN COLLOQUE A PARIS.<br />
(Le Mon<strong>de</strong>, 18 mai 1995), p. 68.<br />
LA TURQUIE RENOUVELLE LES<br />
CONTRATS AVEC LES LOBBIES<br />
AMÉRICAINS, MAIS A UN MOINDRE<br />
COÛT. (Turkish Daily News, 18 mai<br />
1995), p. 69.
Il 122-/23. \lt/;:/II;II 199.> BIIIIc/;1I cie ';t/;\IIII c/ cI';II/lInrlC//;Ol/ .9.<br />
.-<br />
LE MEURTRE DE HASAN OCAK<br />
PROVOQUE DES RÉACTIONS<br />
VIOLENTES, [éditorialiste Altan mis en<br />
accusation pour un texte satirique sur le<br />
problème kur<strong>de</strong>, AMNESTY<br />
INTERNATIONAL REGRETTE L'USAGE<br />
DES HÉLICOPTÈRES AMÉRICAINS<br />
DANS LES COMBATS CONTRE LE PKK,<br />
Lexpérience kur<strong>de</strong> en Irak sur le point <strong>de</strong><br />
s'effondre. (Turkish Daily News, 18 mai<br />
1995), p. 70-71.<br />
LE « DERNIER QUART D'HEURE» DE<br />
[ARMÉE TURQUE. FUITE EN AVANT<br />
AU KURDISTAN, par Kendal Nezan,<br />
Ismail Besikçi : une vie <strong>de</strong> droiture <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />
cachot. (Le Mon<strong>de</strong> diplomatique, mai<br />
1995), p. 72-75.<br />
LAGENDA DES DROITS DE LHOMME.<br />
(Turkish Probe, 19.5.1995), p. 76-78.<br />
ANKARA SALUE LA NOMINATION DE<br />
jUPPÉ COMME PREMIER MINISTRE,<br />
Michael Lake: <strong>de</strong> futurs progrès dans<br />
l'Union douanière dépen<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong><br />
l'homme. (Turkish Daily News, 19 mai<br />
1995), p. 78-79.<br />
LA MANIFESTE DE DEMIREL : NOUS<br />
ALLONS ÉCRASER LE PKK, RÉSISTER<br />
AUX EFFORTS VISANT A NOUS<br />
DIVISER, ET ... RÉFORMER NOTRE<br />
SYSTÈME, Une délégation américaine à<br />
Ankara, LE KURDE EMPRISONNE<br />
ACCUSE SES GEÔLIERS. (Turkish Daily<br />
News, 22 mai 1995), p. 80-81.<br />
DEMIREL : « LES TURCS VONT<br />
REFUSER LA PROMOTION DU<br />
SÉPARATISME », [ambassa<strong>de</strong>ur irakien:<br />
« le malentendu fait partie du passé;<br />
Bagdad veut <strong>de</strong>s relations fortes avec la<br />
Turquie ». (Turkish Daily News, 23 mai<br />
1995), p. 82-83.<br />
COMMUNIQUÉ DE LA LIGUE DES<br />
DROITS DE rHOMME : RÉFLEXION<br />
SUR LA QUESTION KURDE. (Libération<br />
Champagne, 22 mai 1995), p. 83.<br />
TRADITIONS:<br />
CONCERT DE MUSIQUE<br />
KURDE D'IRAN À LILLE. (La Voix du<br />
Nord, 23 mai 1995), p. 84.<br />
PEUPLE-KURDE. INFORMATION<br />
SOLIDARITÉ. Exposition <strong>et</strong> débat sur<br />
l'i<strong>de</strong>ntité kur<strong>de</strong> à Troyes. (Lihtration, Est-<br />
Éclair, 23 mai 1995), p. 84.<br />
TURQUIE : LE PKK PRÊT A UNE<br />
TRÊVE. (Le Figaro, 24 mai 1995), p. 84.<br />
HIER A TROYES. UNE JOURNÉE<br />
« INFORMATION-SOLIDARITE» AVEC<br />
LE PEUPLE KURDE. (Est-Éclair, 24.-25<br />
mai 1995), p. 85.<br />
LA PAROLE AUX KURDES A [ESPACE<br />
CITE. « POUR BRISER LE MUR DU<br />
SILENCE ». (Libération-Champagne, 24<br />
mai 1995), p. 86.<br />
BRUITS DE BOTTES TURQUES PRÈS DE<br />
LA FRONTIÈRE IRAKIENNE.<br />
(Libération, 24 mai 1995), p. 86.<br />
REUTERS: ÔCALAN PARLE DE LA<br />
SOLUTION POLITIQUE A LA GUERRE.<br />
Ministre d'État Hacaloglu: il y a 295 corps<br />
non i<strong>de</strong>ntifiés, MALGRÉ LEMBARGO<br />
NORVÉGIEN LE MKE VEND DES<br />
MITRAILLEUSES A OSLO, Ankara m<strong>et</strong><br />
l'Afrique du Sud sur la liste rouge, LE<br />
PROBLÈME LINGUISTIQUE LIMITE LES<br />
SOINS DE SANTÉ DANS LE SUD-EST,<br />
Éditorial: Ôcalan nous pousse tous à faire<br />
<strong>de</strong>s choix. (Turkish Daily News, 24 mai<br />
1995), p.87-90.<br />
LA TURQUIE DEMANDE DE<br />
COMPLÉTER LE « PROVIDE<br />
COMFORT» AVEC UN PLAN DE PAIX<br />
DANS LIRAK DU NORD. - LE CHEF<br />
TERRORISTE JOUE AU CLANDESTIN<br />
AVEC LA PRESSE. - Les prési<strong>de</strong>ntes <strong>de</strong><br />
trois groupes <strong>de</strong> gauche du Parlement<br />
européen arrivent à Ankara. - Les Etats-<br />
Unis à propos du PKK: nous croyons à la<br />
Ré<strong>de</strong>mption. - LES FACTIONS KURDES<br />
HOSTILES VONT SE TENIR UNE<br />
SESSION SPÉCIALE DU PARLEMENT.<br />
(Turkish Daily News, 25 mai 1995), p. 90-<br />
93.<br />
ANKARA VEUT UNE PACIFICATION DE<br />
LA FRONTIÈRE, TURCO-lRAKIENNE.<br />
(Le Mon<strong>de</strong>, 26 mai 1995), p. 93.<br />
TURQUIE-UE : DROITS DE [HOMME.<br />
LE TEMPS PRESSE POUR LA TURQUIE,<br />
SELON TROIS PARLEMENTAIRES<br />
EUROPÉENNES. (AFP, 25 mai 1995), p.<br />
94.<br />
DROITS DE [HOMME: LA TURQUIE<br />
SOUS rOEIL DE STRASBOURG. (Le<br />
Figaro, 25 mai 1995), p. 95.<br />
LES DÉPUTÉS EUROPÉENNES<br />
DEMANDENT À ANKARA DE FAIRE<br />
DES PROGRÈS RAPIDES DANS LE<br />
DOMAINE DE LA DÉMOCRATISATION.<br />
- La cour constitutionnelle turque a<br />
réélu Güngàr Ôz<strong>de</strong>n, à sa prési<strong>de</strong>nce. -<br />
LA GUERRE DES ONDES ENTRE LES<br />
FACTIONS RIVALES KURDES DANS LE<br />
NORD DE rIRAK. - Le Congrès<br />
américain refuse <strong>de</strong> lier la vente d'armes à<br />
la Turquie aux droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme. (Turkish<br />
Daily News, 26 mai 1995), p. 95-98.<br />
LE MINISTRE DE JUSTICE BELLO CH<br />
AUTORISE CENTRÉE EN ESPAGNE DE<br />
20 RÉFUGIÉS KURDES. - Protestations<br />
diplomatiques après la censure d'une<br />
exposition sur les Kur<strong>de</strong>s, au Musée<br />
national d'<strong>et</strong>hnologie. (El Mundo, 27 mai<br />
1995), p. 99.<br />
500.000 KURDES IRAKIENS<br />
CONFRONTÉS À LA FAMINE. -<br />
Téhéran voit une avancée dans ses<br />
relations avec Bagdad. (Turkish Daily<br />
News, 27 mai 1995), p. 100.<br />
TURQUIE - 20 à 30 REBELLES KURDES<br />
ONT ÉTÉ TUÉS, AU COURS DES<br />
AFFRONTEMENTS DU 24 MAI, SELON<br />
LES SOURCES TURQUES. (Le Mon<strong>de</strong>, 27<br />
mai 1995), p. 100.<br />
LA DISCUSSION SUR LA LOI DE LAIDE<br />
ÉTRANGÈRE AMÉRICAINE AJOURNÉE<br />
AU 6 JUIN, INÔNÜ <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> la fin du<br />
vi<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> pouvoir en Irak du Nord. (Turkish<br />
Daily News, 7 mai 1995), p. 101-102.
• 10. <strong>Bull<strong>et</strong>in</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>liaison</strong> <strong>et</strong> d'injonnation na 122-123 • Mai:]uin 1995<br />
lES KURDES IRAKIENS AJOURNENT<br />
LEURS ÉLECTIONS AU JUIN 1996.<br />
(Turkish Daily News, 28 mai 1995), p.<br />
102.<br />
IRAK: SADDAM HUSSEIN FACE AUX<br />
PLUS GRAVES ÉMEUTES DEPUIS lA<br />
DÉFAITE. (AFP, 29 mai 1995), p. 103.<br />
lE « PARLEMENT KURDE EN EXIL»<br />
VA SE RÉUNIR DANS DEUX MOIS.<br />
(Turkish Daily News, 30 mai 1995), p.<br />
104.<br />
CONFLIT KURDE: PLAINTE D'UNE<br />
AGENCE AllEMANDE DEVANT lA<br />
JUSTICE CONTRE UNE CHAÎNE DE<br />
TÉLÉVISION TURQUE, QUI APPELLE À<br />
DES DONS POUR LES OPÉRATIONS<br />
MILITAIRES CONTRE lES KURDES.<br />
(AFP, 30 mai 1995), p. 105.<br />
rOTAN MONTRE lE CHEMIN AUX<br />
ÉMISSAIRES. (Elefherotipia, 30 mai<br />
1995), pp. 106-108.<br />
PERSÉCUTION DES KURDES D'IRAK.<br />
(Les Nouvelles du Mé<strong>de</strong>cins du Mon<strong>de</strong>, juin<br />
1995), p. 109-110.<br />
KURDISTAN: PARLEMENT EN EXIL OU<br />
TRUC DE PROPAGANDE. (The Middle<br />
East,juin 1995), p. 110-111.<br />
COMBATS INTER-KURDES: lE PKK<br />
PROLONGE lA TRÊVE JUSQU'AU 15<br />
JUILLET. (AFP, 1 juin 1995), p. 112.<br />
lA CRÉATION D'UNE CHAÎNE DE<br />
TÉLÉVISION KURDE. (Œxpress, 1-7 juin<br />
1995), p. 112.<br />
ANKARA DEMANDE AUX KURDES<br />
D'IRAK DE CESSER lE FEU. (Humanité-<br />
Dimanche, 1-7 juin 1995), p. 112.<br />
lES VRAIES RAISONS DU BLOCUS SUR<br />
lE PEUPLE IRAKIEN. (Midi-Libre, 1er<br />
juin 1995), p. 112.<br />
LE COMMENTATEUR BRITANNIQUE:<br />
Il EST DÉSORMAIS lE TEMPS DE<br />
lAISSER MUSTAFA KEMAL DE<br />
REPOSER DANS SON TOMBEAU; le<br />
Danemark rejoint les pays qui appliquent<br />
l'embargo sur les armes, Ankara riposte.<br />
(Turkish Daily News, 1er juin 1995), p.<br />
113.<br />
lA TURQUIE CHERCHE LAPPUI DES<br />
PARTIS KURDES POUR ASSURER lA<br />
SÉCURITÉ DE SA FRONTIÈRE AVEC<br />
LIRAK. (Le Mon<strong>de</strong>, 2 juin 1995), p. 114.<br />
LES AMAZONES DU PARLEMENT<br />
EUROPÉEN À ANKARA. les prési<strong>de</strong>ntes<br />
<strong>de</strong>s trois groupes <strong>de</strong> gauche veulent<br />
s'informer <strong>de</strong>s progrès <strong>de</strong> la<br />
démocratisation turque. (Turkish Probe, 2<br />
juin 1995), p. 115-117.<br />
rAMBASSADEUR AMÉRICAIN<br />
EIZENSTAT DEMANDE rINTÉGRA-<br />
TION TOTALE DE LA TURQUIE A LUE,<br />
Barzani prolonge le cessez-le-feu dans le<br />
Nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak. (Turkish Daily News, 2 juin<br />
1995), p. 118.<br />
LA TURQUIE ACCUSÉ D'EXPULSER lES<br />
RÉFUGIÉS IRAKIENS ET IRANIENS,<br />
rembargo danois sur les armes à la<br />
<strong>de</strong>stination <strong>de</strong> la Turquie. (International<br />
Herald Tribune, 1er juin 1995), p. 119.<br />
lE DÉPARTEMENT D'ÉTAT : lA<br />
TURQUIE A USÉ MAIS N'A PAS ABUSÉ<br />
DES ARMES AMÉRICAINES. - LA<br />
TURQUIE APPORTE DES RÉPONSES<br />
CIRCONSTANCIÉES AU RAPPORT<br />
AMÉRICAIN SUR lES DROITS DE<br />
LHOMME. - Selon Human Rights Watch.<br />
le rapport est trop gentil avec la Turquie,<br />
ARRESTATION DES KURDES ACCUSES<br />
D'ÊTRE DES ACTIVISTES DU PKK EN<br />
ALLEMAGNE. (Turkish Daily News, 3 mai<br />
1995), p. 120-122.<br />
IRAK - TURQUIE : VISITE D'UNE<br />
DÉLÉGATION PARLEMENTAIRE<br />
IRAKIENNE A ANKARA.<br />
DÉPLOIEMENT D'UNE UNITÉ TURQUE<br />
EN IRAK DU NORD, SELON UN<br />
RESPONSABLE KURDE. (AFP, 3 juin<br />
1995), P. 123.<br />
CHRISTOPHER DEMANDE A LUE DE<br />
RATIFIER rACCORD SUR rUNION<br />
DOUANIÈRE. (Turkish Daily News, 4 juin<br />
1995), p. 123.<br />
lA TURQUIE CHERCHE À<br />
DÉVELOPPER SES RELATIONS<br />
COMMERCIALES AVEC LE GOLFE<br />
POUR COMPENSER LES PERTES DE<br />
LEMBARGO IRAKIEN. - le fleau <strong>de</strong><br />
serpent déconcerte les Kur<strong>de</strong>s irakiens<br />
comme cinq personnes meurent <strong>de</strong><br />
morsures venimeuses. - DES EFFORTS<br />
DIPLOMATIQUES POUR ABOLIR LES<br />
SANCTIONS ONUSIENNES CONTRE<br />
l'IRAK. - Les écoles fonctionnent au<br />
Kurdistan malgré les affrontements qui<br />
durent <strong>de</strong>puis <strong>de</strong>s mois.<br />
«[ENSEIGNEMENT EST GRANIT POUR<br />
LES ENFANTS, MAIS NOUS N'AVONS<br />
PAS DE LIVRES, DE CAHIERS ET DE<br />
CRAYONS». (Turkish Daily News, 6 juin<br />
1995), p. 124-126 ..<br />
ERDAl INÖNÜ SUR LINTERVENTION<br />
CONTRE LE PKK EN IRAK, LUNION<br />
DOUANIÈRE AVEC LEUROPE, LA<br />
DÉMOCRATISATION. - runion<br />
douanière <strong>et</strong> les violations <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong><br />
l'homme ne font pas bon ménage. ENTRE<br />
lA TURQUIE ET rEUROPE, QUEL<br />
AVENIR? (Le Mon<strong>de</strong>, 8 juin 1995), p.<br />
127.-128.<br />
LAIDE AMÉRICAINE A lA TURQUIE<br />
RISQUE DE DÉPENDRE DES RAPPORTS<br />
PÉRIODIQUES SUR lES DROITS DE<br />
LHOMME. (Turkish Daily News, 07 juin<br />
1995), p. 128-129.<br />
ERDAL INONU rADHÉSION À<br />
LEUROPE EST UN IDÉAL POUR lA<br />
TURQUIE. (Libération, 08juin 1995), p.<br />
130.<br />
AKIN BIRDAl : LE PEUPLE KURDE<br />
DÉCIDERA SI lE PKK FAIT PARTIE DU<br />
PROCESSUS DE PAIX, Un rapport<br />
américain définit le PKKcomme une<br />
réelle menace pour les intérêts américains.<br />
(Turkish Daily News, 08 juin 1995), p.<br />
131-132.
Il '22-'23. ,\l"H"ill '99.) Blll/Cli" elc 'i"i\(III cl eI'i"jo",,,,,'ioll. " •<br />
TURQUIE : ENTRE EUROPE ET ISLAM.<br />
(Le point, 10 juin 1995), p. 133-136.<br />
CATHERINE LALUMIERE TRAITÉE DE<br />
« PROSTITUÉE It PAR UN MINISTRE<br />
TURC. - TURQUIE: TROIS DÉPUTÉES<br />
INSULTÉES. (France-Soir, 9 juin 1995,<br />
Libération, Le Figaro, 10-1I juin 1995), p.<br />
137.<br />
MENTESE : LA TURQUIE VA ENLEVER<br />
LA QUESTION DE LA TERREUR DE<br />
SON AGENDA, Une <strong>de</strong>uxième session du<br />
Parlement kur<strong>de</strong> à Vienne. (Turkish Daily<br />
News, 10 juin 1995), p. 137-13S.<br />
141 MAQUISARDS KURDES TUES EN<br />
DIX JOURS, SELON LE MINISTRE DE<br />
UNTÉRIEUR TURC, 35 rebelles kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>et</strong><br />
cinq soldats turcs tués en Anatolie. (AFP,<br />
Il juin 1995), p. 139.<br />
UN SONDAGE DE TURKISH DAILY<br />
NEWS, LES TURCS: BAGDAD OU<br />
ANKARA DOIT CONTRÔLER URAK DU<br />
NORD, I.:OPÉRATION PROVIDE<br />
COMFORT DOIT S'EN ALLER. (Turkish<br />
Daily News, 12 juin 1995), p. 140-141.<br />
FIN DU MORATOIRE DES EXPULSIONS<br />
DE KURDES DANS NEUF ÉTATS<br />
FÉDÉRÉS D'ALLEMAGNE. (AFP, 12 juin<br />
1995), p. 141<br />
QUOI? PRÉSENTER MES EXCUSES? -<br />
Claudia Roth dit qu'elle ne se satisfera pas<br />
<strong>de</strong>s excuses du bout <strong>de</strong>s lèvres d'Ayvaz<br />
Gök<strong>de</strong>mir qui a qualifier <strong>de</strong> «prostituéeslt<br />
trois parlementaires européennes. Mais<br />
certains (Turcs) soutient le ministre. -<br />
Lancien ministre kur<strong>de</strong> irakien déçu<br />
appelle à un règlement avec Bagdad. -<br />
LA TURQUIE S'INQUIÈTE DES<br />
INFILTRATIONS DU PKK DEPUIS<br />
I.:IRAN, MAIS NIE DES FRAPPES<br />
AÉRIENNES. (Turkish Daily News, 12 juin<br />
1995), p. 142-144 ..<br />
LA TURQUIE APPELLE AU RENFOR-<br />
CEMENT DE LA LUTTE CONTRE LE<br />
PKK. (AFP, 14 juin 1995), p. 145.<br />
LES ÉTATS-UNIS ACCUEILLENT AVEC<br />
SATISFACTION LA RECOMMAN-<br />
DATION DU CONSEIL DE SÉCURITÉ<br />
NATIONALE TURC POUR LA<br />
PROLONGATION DU MANDAT DE<br />
PROVIDE COMFORT. - Pauline Green,<br />
députée européenne insultée par un<br />
ministre turc dit qu'elle est « satisfaite It<br />
<strong>de</strong> la l<strong>et</strong>tre du Premier ministre Çiller. -<br />
FINANCIAL TIMES: LE PASSE DE<br />
ÇILLER LAISSÉ PEU D'OPTIMISME. -<br />
Uran définit le PKK comme son ennemi,<br />
nie <strong>de</strong> lui apporter son ai<strong>de</strong>. (Turkish<br />
Daily News, 14 juin 1995), p.146-14S.<br />
LES KURDES CONDAMNENT LE<br />
TOURISME TURC A LA MORT. (The<br />
European, 15 juin 1995), p. 149.<br />
rARMÉE IRAKIENNE SE REBELLE PRÈS<br />
DE BAGDAD. (International Herald<br />
Tribune, 15 juin 1995), p. 150.<br />
ANKARA CRITIQUE LA POSITION DU<br />
PARLEMENT EUROPÉEN SUR LE<br />
PROBLÈME KURDE. Commission<br />
européenne <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme:<br />
requêtes recevables <strong>de</strong>s six députés kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
emprisonnés en Turquie. (AFP, 15 juin<br />
1995), p. 150-151.<br />
LA PRÉSIDENTE DES SOCIALISTES DU<br />
PE CRITIQUE I.:ABSENCE DE<br />
SANCTION CONTRE UN MINISTRE<br />
TURC QUI I.:A TRAITÉE DE<br />
« PROSTITUÉE It. (AFP, 13 juin 1995), p.<br />
152.<br />
LA DÉMOCRATISATION DEVANT LES<br />
DÉPUTÉS. Un « pas en avant It, mais<br />
sera-ce suffisant? (Libre Belgique, 15 juin<br />
1995), p. 153.<br />
2S REBELLES KURDES TUÉS LORS<br />
D'OPÉRATIONS MILITAIRES EN<br />
ANATOLIE. (AFP, 15 juin 1995), p. 154.<br />
« LA TENSION S'INTENSIFIE It EN<br />
IRAK. (International Herald Tribune, 16<br />
juin 1995), p. 154.<br />
LE PROFESSEUR BASKAYA LIBÉRÉ<br />
APRÈS 15 MOIS DE PRISON. Le ministre<br />
turc <strong>de</strong> l'Intérieur, Mentese, reçoit le<br />
spécialiste <strong>de</strong> la Turquie <strong>de</strong> Human Rights<br />
Watch-Helsinki. (Turkish Daily News, 15<br />
juin 1995), p. 155.<br />
LA MUTINERIE D'UNE UNITÉ DE<br />
rARMÉE IRAKIENNE A ÉTÉ RÉPRIMÉE<br />
PAR LES TROUPES FIDÈLES AU<br />
RÉGIME. (Le Mon<strong>de</strong>, 16 juin 1995), p.<br />
156.<br />
CINQ MILITAIRES TUÉS LORS D'UNE<br />
ATTAQUE REBELLE KURDE. (AFP, 16<br />
juin 1995), p. 156.<br />
ALORS QUE LE PDK SE MET AU<br />
CONTRÔLE DE LA FRONTIÈRE,<br />
PLUSIEURS OPINIONS PRÉVALENT EN<br />
TURQUIE SUR CE SUJET, Le saga d'une<br />
qualification ministérielle. Qui a dit<br />
quoi ? DIPLOMATIE EN BREE [agenda<br />
<strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme. (Turkish Probe, 16<br />
juin 1995), p. 157-161.<br />
GUERRE OUVERTE ENTRE UNE DES<br />
PLUS GRANDES TRIBUS IRAKIENNES<br />
ET LE RÉGIME. (AFP, 16 juin 1995), p.<br />
162.<br />
APRÈS UN RAPPORT DU PARLEMENT<br />
EUROPÉEN LA TURQUIE POURRAIT<br />
LIBÉRER CERTAINS DÉPUTÉS, Le<br />
Professeur Baskaya sur ses 20 mois <strong>de</strong><br />
prison. (Turkish Daily News, 16 juin<br />
1995), p. 163-165.<br />
DROITS DE LHOMME? (Le Bien Public;<br />
Les dépêches Dimanche, IS juin 1995), p.<br />
165.<br />
LA MUTINERIE IRAKIENNE RÉVÈLE<br />
DES FISSURES DANS LA LOYAUTÉ<br />
CLANIQUE. (International Herald Tribune,<br />
17-1S juin 1995), p. 166.<br />
TRENTE REBELLES KURDES TUÉS<br />
DANS LE SUD-EST ANATOLIEN, 70.000<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>s manifestent à Bonn pour une<br />
solution politique en Turquie. (AFP, 17<br />
juin 1995), p. 167.
.12. <strong>Bull<strong>et</strong>in</strong> <strong>de</strong> 'ioison <strong>et</strong> ("infollIlotion nO122-123. M(li-]uin1995<br />
Mme. Çiller ATTENDUE EN FRANCE<br />
DANS UN CLIMAT BILATÉRAL « AU<br />
BEAU FIXE ». (AFP, 18 juin 1995), p.<br />
168.<br />
ARRIVÉE DU PREMIER MINISTRE<br />
TURC A PARIS. (AFP, 19 juin 1995), p.<br />
169.<br />
lES ONG FRANÇAISES DEMANDENT<br />
AU GOUVERNEMENT D'EXERCER DE<br />
lA PRESSION SUR ÇILLER SUR lE<br />
PROBLÈME KURDE? (Reuter, 19 juin<br />
1995), p. 169.<br />
DIX ASSOCIATIONS METTENT EN<br />
CAUSE LAIDE MILITAIRE DE lA<br />
FRANCE A lA TURQUIE, le premier<br />
ministre turc m<strong>et</strong> en gran<strong>de</strong> contre une<br />
non-ratification <strong>de</strong> l'Union douanière avec<br />
l'UE. (AFP, 20 juin 1995), p. 170-171.<br />
TANSU ÇILLER A PARIS VEUT<br />
ACCROCHER lA TURQUIE A<br />
I:EUROPE. (Libération, 21 juin 1995), p.<br />
172.<br />
UN COMMUNIQUÉ, DU COMITÉ<br />
INTERNATIONAL POUR lA<br />
LIBÉRATION DES DÉPUTÉS KURDES<br />
EMPRISONNÉS, À PROPOS DE lA<br />
VISITE À PARIS DU PREMIER MINISTRE<br />
TURC. (InJàMatin, 21 juin 1995), p. 173.<br />
CRIMES CONTRE mUMANITÉ KURDE<br />
ET ARMÉNIENS RÉUNIS À MARSEIllE<br />
DÉNONCENT LÉTAT TURC. (La<br />
Marseillaise, 21 juin 1995), p. 173.<br />
INSULTE INTERNATIONALE. (VSD, 22-<br />
28 juin 1995), p. 173.<br />
TURQUIE: lA FRANCE MISE EN<br />
CAUSE DANS SON AIDE À lA<br />
TURQUIE. (Le Quotidien <strong>de</strong> <strong>Paris</strong>, 22 juin<br />
1995), p. 173.<br />
MME. ÇILLER APPELLE LEUROPE A<br />
PLUS DE COMPRÉHENSION ENVERS<br />
LA TURQUIE. (Le Mon<strong>de</strong>, 22 juin 1995),<br />
p.174.<br />
ÇILLER DÉFEND lA TURQUIE<br />
CONTRE lES CRITIQUES EUROPÉEN-<br />
NES, Çiller : nous ne pouvons tolérer que<br />
les pays voisins servent <strong>de</strong> bases pour les<br />
attaques terroristes, «lE PARLEMENT<br />
KURDE EMBALLANT N'ARRIVE PAS A<br />
TROUVER UNE NOUVEllE BASE. Alors<br />
que le PKK attaque <strong>de</strong>puis l'Iran, le PDK<br />
cherche un règlement». (Turkish Daily<br />
News, 21 juin 1995), p. 174-178.<br />
LA FRANCE EST PRÊTE A APPUYER LA<br />
TURQUIE EN EUROPE, MAIS<br />
DEMANDE DES REFORMES DÉMOCRA-<br />
TIQUES. (Turkish Daily News, 22 juin<br />
1995), p.178.<br />
TURQUIE: LA TIMIDE DÉMOCRATISA-<br />
TION EN DIFFICULTÉ. (Le Soir, 22 juin<br />
1995), p. 179.<br />
TÉHÉRAN ASSURE ANKARA AU SUJET<br />
DU COMBAT CONTRE LA TERREUR DU<br />
PKK .. - les Etats-Unis: nous ne<br />
soutenons pas l'idée d'un Kurdistan<br />
indépendant dans le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak, lE<br />
CHEF DU PKK REMERCIE KADHAFI<br />
POUR SON SOUTIEN. (Turkish Daily<br />
News, 22 juin 1995), p. 180.<br />
ÉDITORIAL lE PRIX DE<br />
LINTERDICTION DU DEP A ÉTÉ<br />
ÉLEVÉ. (Turkish Daily News, 23 juin<br />
1995), p. 181.<br />
GRÈVE EN TURQUIE. (!:Humanité, 23<br />
juin 1995), p. 181.<br />
rAGENDA DES DROITS DE mOMME.<br />
(Turkish Probe, 23 juin 1995), p. 182.<br />
lE CONGRES AMÉRICAIN DÉBAT DU<br />
«GÉNOCIDE EN COURS AU<br />
KURDISTAN», lA TURQUIE ENLÈVE<br />
lES PAYS-BASDE LA «LISTE ROUGE»<br />
DES FOURNISSEURS D'ARMES. (Turkish<br />
Daily News, 24 juin 1995), p. 183-184.<br />
lES BEAUX YEUX DE TANSU ÇIllER.<br />
(VA., 24 juin 1995), p. 185.<br />
CONSEIL DE I:EUROPE : I:EXAMEN DE<br />
lA SITUATION DES DROITS DE<br />
LHOMME EN TURQUIE REPORTÉE A<br />
SEPTEMBRE. (AFp, 26 juin 1995), p.l85.<br />
TURQUIE-UNION DOUANIÈRE,<br />
RÉPONSES DES MINISTRES FRANÇAIS<br />
AU DÉPUTÉS (Assemblée Nationale, 26<br />
juin 1995), p. 186.<br />
LOSCE PRÉPARE UNE LETTRE AU<br />
PREMIER MINISTRE ÇIllER SUR lES<br />
ASSASSINATS POLITIQUES. (Turkish<br />
Daily News, 26 juin 1995), p. 187.<br />
lE PARLEMENT TURC RENOUVELLE<br />
LE STATIONNEMENT DE lA FORCE<br />
MULTINATIONALE. (AFP, 27 juin 1995),<br />
p.187.<br />
lE GÉNÉRAL JOHN M. SHALIKASH-<br />
VILl, CHEF D'ÉTAT-MAJOR AMÉRICAIN<br />
DÉFEND lES PROGRÈS RÉALISÉS<br />
DANS lE DOMAINE DES DROITS DE<br />
mOMME EN TURQUIE. (Turkish Daily<br />
News, 28 juin 1995), p. 188.<br />
CONSEIL DE LEUROPE : GRANDS<br />
PRINCIPES SUÉDOIS ET RÉALITÉS<br />
TURQUES. (Dernières Nouvelles d'Alsace,<br />
29 juin 1995), p. 189.<br />
LES VILLAGEOIS KURDES À lA<br />
RECHERCHE DES NOUVELLES DE<br />
lEURS PARENTS DISPARUS. (Turkish<br />
Daily News, 29 juin 1995), p. 190.<br />
BOMBARDEMENTS IRAKIENS AU<br />
KURDISTAN, SELON LOPPOSITION.<br />
(AFP, 29 juin 1995), p. 190.<br />
LE SOUTIEN lOCAL POUR LES<br />
REBEllES KURDES DANS lA<br />
PROVINCE DE TUNCELI GÈNE lES<br />
OPÉRATION DE LARMÉE TURQUE.<br />
(Turkish Daily News, 29 juin 1995), p.<br />
191.
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SVENSKA DAGBLADET.<br />
Torsdagen <strong>de</strong>n 13 april1995<br />
"Byar sticks i brand, mordoffren för<br />
okända gärningsmän - antal<strong>et</strong> är<br />
redan närmare tvä tusen - päträffas i<br />
bergen och pä flodsträn<strong>de</strong>r alltmedan<br />
Turki<strong>et</strong> och världspressen pä apans<br />
vis täckt sina ögon, öron och läppar".<br />
Sä skriver Ya~ar Kemal i sitt svar till<br />
SvD:s Bitte Hammargren, som träffa<strong>de</strong><br />
honom i Istanbul.<br />
I dagarna har ocksä Ya~ar Kemal blivit<br />
inbju<strong>de</strong>n till höstens bokmässa i Göteborg,<br />
som he<strong>de</strong>rsgäst.<br />
"Men inte <strong>et</strong>t ljud hör<strong>de</strong>s<br />
fran västerländsk press"<br />
..<br />
Den âtala<strong>de</strong> författaten Ya~ar Kemal skriver direkt för SvD<br />
• Er artikel i Der Spiegel, med titeln Lögnens<br />
fälttag, har rönt stor uppmlirksamh<strong>et</strong><br />
i och utanfôr Turki<strong>et</strong>. Inom kort kommer<br />
ni att stlillas infôr rlitta i Istanbul. Kan ni<br />
i korth<strong>et</strong> berlitta om hur situationen har utvecklats?<br />
Jag trod<strong>de</strong> aldrig att min artikel i Der<br />
Spiegel skulle fAsAkraftigt gensvar. Krig<strong>et</strong><br />
i östra Anatolien har pAgAtt i tio Ar,<br />
med mänskligh<strong>et</strong>en och Turki<strong>et</strong>s <strong>de</strong>mokrater,<br />
ja, alla, som AskAdare, alltmedan<br />
östra Anatoliens kur<strong>de</strong>r utsatts for hârda<br />
övergrepp och grym behandling. Un<strong>de</strong>r<br />
Arens lopp har krig<strong>et</strong> trappats upp. Tortyren<br />
och grymh<strong>et</strong>erna mot folk<strong>et</strong> har<br />
ökat. Även om inte all grymh<strong>et</strong>, all tortyr,<br />
varje övergrepp, dödsskjutning och mord<br />
som begAs av okända gärningsmän, har<br />
blivit omnämnda, har Atminstone världspressen<br />
Aterg<strong>et</strong>t en <strong>de</strong>i av <strong>de</strong>t som hänt.<br />
Republiken Turki<strong>et</strong> har idogt verkat fOr<br />
att, med alla tänkbara me<strong>de</strong>l, skyla över<br />
<strong>de</strong> grova brott som begAs. En ofattbar<br />
censur har bedrivits, bA<strong>de</strong> visavi världspressen<br />
och turkisk press. Pressen och <strong>de</strong><br />
intellektuella har blivit foremAI fOr sA<br />
effektiva pAtryckningar att ingen höjt sin<br />
röst. Tidskrifter och tidningar (i Turki<strong>et</strong>)<br />
som ändA yttrat sig, om sAbara lite grand,<br />
har omgAen<strong>de</strong> fOrbjudits pA mer eller<br />
mindre lagliga grun<strong>de</strong>r.<br />
Böcker har beslagtagits och fOrfattare<br />
dömts till otroliga straff. Sammanlagt har<br />
<strong>de</strong> forfattare som sitter i fàngelse just<br />
nu, däribland universit<strong>et</strong>släraren Ismail<br />
Be~ikçi, dömts till hundra, tvAhundra,<br />
kanske trehundra Ars fàngelse, êch <strong>de</strong>ssutom<br />
till böter pA fiera miljoner dollar.<br />
Inom lopp<strong>et</strong> av <strong>et</strong>t Ardödadt:~ över tjugo<br />
medarb<strong>et</strong>are fOr tidningen Ozgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m<br />
(Fri dagordning), som Atminstone i<br />
viss mân forsökt beskriva hän<strong>de</strong>lserna i<br />
östra Anatolien. Inte en enda gämingsman<br />
har gripits.<br />
Sä gott som varannan dag utfärda<strong>de</strong>s<br />
or<strong>de</strong>r om att <strong>de</strong>nna tidning skulle konfiskeras,<br />
i en <strong>de</strong>i provinser tilläts <strong>de</strong>n överhuvudtag<strong>et</strong><br />
inte. Där fOrbu<strong>de</strong>n trotsa<strong>de</strong>s<br />
och tidningen smuggla<strong>de</strong>s in blev tidningsbu<strong>de</strong>n<br />
fängsla<strong>de</strong> och tortera<strong>de</strong>, sAatt<br />
<strong>de</strong> fick bestAen<strong>de</strong> men. Ellerocksâ har man<br />
fâtt hämta <strong>de</strong>ras lik pâ polisstationerna.<br />
Tills en dag, dâ po~.isen kom och grep<br />
alla som arb<strong>et</strong>a<strong>de</strong> pâ Ozgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m - 120<br />
personer - fOr aH därmed kunna fOrbjuda<br />
tidningen. Städare, kökspersonal,<br />
springsjasar - polisengrep alla som befann<br />
sig i tidningens lokaler.<br />
En <strong>de</strong>i hölls kvar i <strong>et</strong>t par dagar, en <strong>de</strong>i<br />
nästan eH âr. Men trots alla övergrepp sâg<br />
j,ournalister frân andra tidningar till aH<br />
Özgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m gays ut. Jag höll en presskonferens<br />
utanfOr tidningen <strong>de</strong>n dagen.<br />
EH övergrepp som <strong>de</strong>tta har aldrig fOrr<br />
fOrekommit pâ vâr jord, inte un<strong>de</strong>r nAgon<br />
diktatur, sa jag, och <strong>de</strong>n gângen tala<strong>de</strong> jag<br />
länge. Men inte eH Ijud hör<strong>de</strong>s frân västerländsk<br />
press.<br />
Mehm<strong>et</strong> Uzun, kurdlek-svenek,f6rtattare och styreIseled8mot ev Sverlges f6rt<strong>et</strong>tert6rbund,<br />
6verllmner en InbJu<strong>de</strong>ntill Ye,er Kemal <strong>et</strong>t komme som he<strong>de</strong>rsglst<br />
till h6stens bokml ... I GMeborg. "Del glldJer mlg alt Merse <strong>de</strong>t lend dir Jagkun<strong>de</strong><br />
skrlve med N<strong>de</strong>n Iitth<strong>et</strong>. Jag .. kner Sverlge", siger Kemal. F6rutslttnlngen<br />
fOr hans <strong>de</strong>ltegen<strong>de</strong> Ir n<strong>et</strong>urllgtvls alt hen Inte dOmstill fingeise.
REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVlEW~BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RlVISTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZET;<br />
"Vad gör man? Jag kan<br />
jlJ inte dra mtg tillpaka i<br />
minlya ö'ch skriva pa min<br />
roman medan andra<br />
människor li<strong>de</strong>r, mördas,<br />
utsätts för tortyr ach dryper<br />
av blod."<br />
Jag begrep inte varfOr. Jag är gammal<br />
journalist. O<strong>et</strong>ta obegripliga övergrepp<br />
bor<strong>de</strong> ha va rit nyh<strong>et</strong>sstoff, till och med fOr<br />
<strong>de</strong> mest primitiva tidningar. Men av nagon<br />
anledning fOrstod inte tidningarna i<br />
väst <strong>de</strong>nna hän<strong>de</strong>lses nyh<strong>et</strong>svär<strong>de</strong>. Eller<br />
ocksa b<strong>et</strong>rakta<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong>t heia som en tredje<br />
klassens notis, inte värd att uppmärksammas.<br />
Byar sticks i brand, mordoffer fOrokända<br />
gärningsmän - antal<strong>et</strong> döda är redan<br />
närmare tva tusen - paträffas i bergen och<br />
pa flodsträn<strong>de</strong>r, alltmedan Turki<strong>et</strong> och<br />
världspressen pa ap.!lnsvis täckt sina ögon,<br />
öron och läpp~r. Anda var <strong>de</strong>t vart arhundra<strong>de</strong>s<br />
största och biUraste mänskliga<br />
tra~edi som utspela<strong>de</strong> sig därborta. Jag<br />
tänker inte lämna utfOrliga beskrivningar<br />
av <strong>de</strong> olika scenerna. Värl<strong>de</strong>n har i varje<br />
fall <strong>et</strong>t Qum om vad som pagar i Turki<strong>et</strong>.<br />
När OzgjJr Gün.ç1em fOrbjöds uppstod<br />
tidningen Ozgür Ulke (Fritt land). Den<br />
blev fOremal fOr utspel, <strong>de</strong>t ena märkligare<br />
än <strong>de</strong>t andra. Varje morgon, precis när<br />
tidningen skulle ga i tryck och nagra fa<br />
exemplar kommit ut urtryckpressen, kom<br />
polis ocfi aklagare dit och fOrbjöd <strong>et</strong>t<br />
antal artiklar och notiser. Oessa ställen i<br />
tidningen gapa<strong>de</strong> lomma. Sadana exemplar<br />
av tidningen, till hälften blanka och<br />
till hälften fyllda med text, sai<strong>de</strong>s även i<br />
Europa och lick symbolisera <strong>de</strong>mokratins<br />
seger i <strong>et</strong>t <strong>de</strong>mokratiskt Europa. Till slut,<br />
satte statens säkerh<strong>et</strong>sdomstol stopp fOr<br />
<strong>de</strong>n här komedin genom aU totalfOrbjuda<br />
tidningen. Som skäl uppgav man aU <strong>de</strong>n<br />
var en fôrlängning av Ozgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m.<br />
Oärmed slapp <strong>et</strong>t av Europara<strong>de</strong>ts medlernslän<strong>de</strong>r<br />
Mila pa med en sa tarvlig<br />
praxis som <strong>de</strong>nna. Vern v<strong>et</strong>, Europara<strong>de</strong>t<br />
kanske inte ens kändç till <strong>de</strong>nna tidning<br />
sem likna<strong>de</strong> en brokig ko. Europara<strong>de</strong>ts<br />
samv<strong>et</strong>e och makt var inte stora nog fôr<br />
att ta itu med sina medlémslän<strong>de</strong>r. O<strong>et</strong> är<br />
niöjligt att Europ~rädQtR:änner nier I
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS R"VIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
"Mina ve<strong>de</strong>rmödor för att<br />
av folk<strong>et</strong>s spräk skapa<br />
<strong>et</strong>t romanspräk har<br />
päverkat själva kärnan i<br />
min romankonst, lagt<br />
grun<strong>de</strong>n för <strong>de</strong>n."<br />
värl<strong>de</strong>n. AU fAsmaka pA livsglädje är en<br />
obeskrivlig Iycka, fOr <strong>de</strong> flesta av oss en<br />
ouppnAelig skönh<strong>et</strong>supplevelse.<br />
Alt uppleva naturen och människorna<br />
är berikan<strong>de</strong>. När en människa moUar ail<br />
<strong>de</strong>nna rikedom tilltar även hennes skaparkraft.<br />
Hennes fantasi och fOreställningsfOrmAgaväxer.<br />
D<strong>et</strong> linns ingen anledning<br />
aU överdriva. naturen. Alt lAta sig<br />
berikas av <strong>de</strong>n och människorna räcker.<br />
Jag kommer frAn en trakt där jor<strong>de</strong>n<br />
sv<strong>et</strong>sa<strong>de</strong> samman människor aveU strävsamt<br />
slag. I Çukurova, antikens Cilicien,<br />
där jag är fOdd och uppvuxen, är jor<strong>de</strong>n<br />
sAbördigoch naturen sAlivskraftigaU folk<br />
i byn sa: Om man stAr en dag pA <strong>de</strong>nna<br />
jord, fAr föttema rötter och skou börjar<br />
skjuta pAens huvud. Jag har levt i en trakt<br />
rik pA dofter, flirger, Ijus - och folkslag.<br />
De centralasiatiska turkmenerna har<br />
ocksA <strong>et</strong>t elaborerat sprAk, mAnga episka<br />
verk, poesi och musik. Deras stora diktare<br />
intar en plats bland <strong>de</strong> stora namnen i<br />
Turki<strong>et</strong> och värl<strong>de</strong>n. D<strong>et</strong> är folksprAk<strong>et</strong>,<br />
av vilk<strong>et</strong> jag försökt skapa elt nytt romansprAk,<br />
som har givit mina romaner <strong>de</strong>ras<br />
form och innehAI!. Som <strong>et</strong>t annat exempel<br />
pAhur <strong>et</strong>t nytt rikt sprAk har uppstAtt<br />
har vi <strong>de</strong>n ryska litteraturen med Pusjkin.<br />
Där har <strong>de</strong>t <strong>de</strong>t ryska folk<strong>et</strong>s jungfruliga<br />
och ymniga episka sprAk, sago- och diktsprAk,<br />
präglat Gogols romankonst och<br />
Pusjkins diktning till form och innehAII.<br />
Med Nazim Hikm<strong>et</strong> i sp<strong>et</strong>sen har min<br />
generations mödor bestAtt av att ur <strong>de</strong>t<br />
outtömliga folksprAk<strong>et</strong> skapa <strong>et</strong>t nytt po<strong>et</strong>iskt<br />
sprAk och en ny po<strong>et</strong>isk form. Romanens<br />
och poesins innehâll och form<br />
präglas av sprAk<strong>et</strong>s särart. Mina ve<strong>de</strong>rmödor<br />
fOr att av folk<strong>et</strong>s sprAk skapa <strong>et</strong>t<br />
romansprAk har pAverkat själva käman i<br />
min romankonst, lagt grun<strong>de</strong>n för <strong>de</strong>n.<br />
Om man med <strong>de</strong>t ryska sprAk<strong>et</strong>s särart<br />
som utgAngspunkt kun<strong>de</strong> skapa <strong>et</strong>t ännu<br />
oupptäckt romansprAk med tillhöran<strong>de</strong><br />
form och innehAIl, sAbär <strong>de</strong>t turkiska sprAk<strong>et</strong>s<br />
särart pAsamma möjligh<strong>et</strong>, tänkte jag.<br />
De särdrag som <strong>de</strong>n mark man lever pA<br />
äger, Iiksom <strong>de</strong>ss människor, sätter sina<br />
spAr i prosans och poesins struktur.<br />
D<strong>et</strong> finns författare som anser att <strong>de</strong> mer<br />
viiimien<strong>de</strong> liin<strong>de</strong>rna i Europa blivit aIItfôr<br />
trötta ocb diista litteriira miIjöer. Delar ni<br />
<strong>de</strong>nna uppfattning?<br />
Jag kan ing<strong>et</strong> europeiskt sprAk, bara kur ..<br />
diska och turkiska. PAbAda sprAken finns<br />
en b<strong>et</strong>ydclsefull episk beräUarkonst. <strong>de</strong><br />
har sina stora diktare och episka författareo<br />
Den anatoliska marken i sig är en enda<br />
stor kulturskatt. Jag tror att mina romaner<br />
bär spAr avail <strong>de</strong>nna kulturrikedom.<br />
D<strong>et</strong> vi gör är att av <strong>et</strong>t orört, jungfruligt<br />
sprâk ta fram <strong>et</strong>t nytt sprAk for prosa och<br />
poesi, tror jag. Vi begagnar oss av väst,<br />
västerländsk konst, nästan Iika myck<strong>et</strong><br />
som västerlänningama själva.<br />
Den västerländska kulturen berikaross<br />
i lika hög grad som vAr egen. Kanske just<br />
<strong>de</strong>n möjligh<strong>et</strong>en gör oss intressanta. Jag<br />
tror inte ails pA aU västerlan<strong>de</strong>ts skaparkraft<br />
skulle ha sinat, minskat eller stannat<br />
upp. Väst v<strong>et</strong> att värna sin ställning som<br />
liUerärt intressant och nyskapan<strong>de</strong>. Vi lever<br />
i en brytningstid som berör heia värl<strong>de</strong>n.<br />
EU sAdant ske<strong>de</strong> är alltid omvälvan<strong>de</strong>.<br />
D<strong>et</strong> är sAmyck<strong>et</strong> som gAr in i vartannat,<br />
och <strong>de</strong>t kan förefalla som om en <strong>de</strong>I<br />
län<strong>de</strong>r skulle förlora nAgot pA kuppen.<br />
Vad gäller Turki<strong>et</strong> idag rA<strong>de</strong>r djupt vankelmod<br />
pA alla plan. Alla lan<strong>de</strong>ts vär<strong>de</strong>n<br />
hAiler pAatt gAfOrlora<strong>de</strong>. Förtryckarregimer<br />
är alltid besvärliga. De gör att män-.<br />
niskornas strävan<strong>de</strong>n urartar, <strong>de</strong> berövar<br />
människoma <strong>de</strong>ras skaparförmAga. Vi<br />
upplever just nu <strong>et</strong>t krig, värl<strong>de</strong>ns smutsigaste,<br />
mänskligh<strong>et</strong>ens blodigaste krig.<br />
D<strong>et</strong> kommer att bli svArt för oss att räta<br />
pA ryggen framöver. Men om vi i en nära<br />
framtid kan införa <strong>de</strong>mokrati, skulle vi<br />
"1värt land säger <strong>de</strong> om<br />
mig att jag förhärligar<br />
naturen och människorna.<br />
De har rätt. För<br />
själva är <strong>de</strong> inte ens<br />
medv<strong>et</strong>na om vilk<strong>et</strong><br />
un<strong>de</strong>rverk naturen är."<br />
kanske med <strong>de</strong>t samla<strong>de</strong> kulturarv som<br />
<strong>de</strong>nna mark äger kunna AterfA vAr skaparkraft.<br />
D<strong>et</strong> finns andra exempel pA<strong>de</strong>tta:<br />
Efter första världskrig<strong>et</strong> blev mänsk-<br />
Iigh<strong>et</strong>en aldrig <strong>de</strong>nsamma. Efterkrigsti<strong>de</strong>ns<br />
människor har urartat, <strong>de</strong> har mist<br />
myck<strong>et</strong> av sin skaparkraft och fjärmats<br />
frAn sin a foma vär<strong>de</strong>n. Man kun<strong>de</strong> drastiskt<br />
säga att <strong>de</strong>t kalla krig<strong>et</strong> och skräcken<br />
for atombomben i <strong>de</strong>t närmaste beröva<strong>de</strong><br />
oss vAra mänskliga drag. Men naturen<br />
och människan har sA stora inneboen<strong>de</strong><br />
skaparresurser att <strong>de</strong> alltid formAr<br />
Aterskapa sig själva.<br />
Kan ni beriitta om ert senaste romanprojekt?<br />
Min senaste roman handlar om ti<strong>de</strong>n<br />
efter första världskrig<strong>et</strong>, en krigsslutsroman<br />
med andra ordo Krigen forintar tvA<br />
stora vär<strong>de</strong>n samtidigt, människan och<br />
naturen. Den 23 juli Ar 1923 stifta<strong>de</strong>s lagen<br />
om utväxling. Enligt <strong>de</strong>n skulle grekerna<br />
i Anatolien, <strong>de</strong>t viII säga Turki<strong>et</strong><br />
skickas till Grekland och turkama i Grek2<br />
land till Turki<strong>et</strong>. I min familj upplev<strong>de</strong><br />
man flyUan<strong>de</strong>ts vAndor. Un<strong>de</strong>r forsta<br />
världskrig<strong>et</strong> kom <strong>de</strong> fràn trakten av Ararat<br />
och Vansjön i östra Anatolien till Çukurova<br />
vÎd Me<strong>de</strong>lhavskusten, hundra mil<br />
därifrAn. Jag v<strong>et</strong> hur forskräckligt smärtsamt<br />
<strong>de</strong>t är att lämna sin fosterjord. D<strong>et</strong><br />
är som att slita hjärtat ur en människa. I<br />
min rClman lämnar grekema en ö som därefter<br />
befolkas av mesopotamier av alla <strong>de</strong><br />
slag frAn <strong>de</strong> foma ottomanska omrA<strong>de</strong>na,<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>r och aleviter, kaukasier och laser.<br />
<strong>de</strong>t vill säga Svartahavsbor. Ön blir<strong>et</strong>t Babels<br />
torn mitt i hav<strong>et</strong>. Till slut linns ingen<br />
växtligh<strong>et</strong> kvar pA heIa ön och hav<strong>et</strong>s<br />
fiskar dör ut. Av <strong>de</strong>n en gAng paradisiskt<br />
grönskan<strong>de</strong>ön blirbarakarga klipporkvar<br />
och dA tar öns invAnare, räUare sagt nAgra<br />
av öborna. itu med att Aterskapa ön ...<br />
Jag är klar med första <strong>de</strong>len, <strong>de</strong>n andra<br />
och tredje <strong>de</strong>len blir klara till nyAr. Om<br />
inte <strong>de</strong>t här med rättegAng ha<strong>de</strong> kommit<br />
emellan, kun<strong>de</strong> jag vid <strong>de</strong>t här lag<strong>et</strong> ha<br />
haft andra <strong>de</strong>len flirdig och hälften av tredje<br />
<strong>de</strong>len. Men vad gör man? Jag kan ju<br />
inte dra mig tillbaka imin Iya och skriva<br />
pAmin roman medan andra människor li<strong>de</strong>r,<br />
mördas, utsätts för tortyr och dryper<br />
av blod.<br />
Jag kan inte tänka mig att en kali hamrad<br />
fOrfattare, berövad sin fOrmAga till<br />
empati och .kärlek, är att b<strong>et</strong>rakta som en<br />
naturlig mänsklig varelse. Jag vill inte ens<br />
fOreställa mig en människa som är kapabel<br />
att blunda fOr <strong>de</strong>t lidan<strong>de</strong> som hennes<br />
brö<strong>de</strong>r och landsmän utsätts fOr. I all synnerh<strong>et</strong><br />
inte att en forfattare skulle vara<br />
okänslig för andra människors 'tidan<strong>de</strong>.<br />
Jag b<strong>et</strong>vivlar att en sAdan skribent yore<br />
en forfattare värd namn<strong>et</strong>. I alla romaner<br />
som jag tänker skriva framöver kommer.<br />
jag att ta ställning mot fOrstörelse av<br />
naturen, krig och mänskligt Iidan<strong>de</strong>, for<br />
harmoni och fred. Jag viII att <strong>de</strong> som<br />
läser mina romaner skall älska naturen,<br />
människan, lyckan och Ijus<strong>et</strong>. Jag vill att<br />
vi, mitt i <strong>de</strong>t mörker som omger oss, till<br />
slut ska fAse Ijus<strong>et</strong> bryta fram och skingra<br />
mörkr<strong>et</strong>.<br />
Kommer vi att fi se er pi bokmiissan i Göteborg<br />
i böst?<br />
Jag blev väldigt glad när <strong>de</strong> bjöd in mig<br />
till bokmässan i Göteborg. D<strong>et</strong> glä<strong>de</strong>r mig<br />
att fAAterse <strong>de</strong>t land där jag lev<strong>de</strong> lycklig<br />
och kun<strong>de</strong> skriva med sAstor lätth<strong>et</strong>.<br />
Y~AR<br />
KEMAL<br />
Översiittning frän turkiskan: Claire B.<br />
KausteIl<br />
@ Ya~r Kemal och S.vD<br />
3
REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ~RIVISTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZETÎ<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
United States : PKK<br />
is involved in drug<br />
traffic in Europe<br />
State Department report says<br />
hundreds of thousands of PKK<br />
sympathizers in Turkeyand Europe<br />
By Ugur Akmel<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
WASHINGTON- The top U.S. administration<br />
official responsible for momtoring terrorist groups<br />
.around the world, has confrrmed that the Kurdistan<br />
Workers' Party (PKK) is involved in the narcotics<br />
tra<strong>de</strong> In Europe. Phil Wilcox, U.S. State<br />
Department's counter-terrorism coordinator said "I<br />
know of no narcotics activities by the PKK in the<br />
United States," butstated that the PKK has been<br />
involved "in narcotics trafficking in Western Europe<br />
and elsewhere."<br />
In the State Department' s report on "Patterns of<br />
Global Terrorism, 1994," the PKK has been i<strong>de</strong>ntified.<br />
as an .international,terrorist: group which/'pee-<br />
. septs ,a potentially, serious:'$'eaHo, U.Sdnterests."<br />
The,repQrt<strong>de</strong>tailed.the bomb attacks' by the PKK on<br />
the touristïndustry inTurkeY'last year,where several.<br />
tourists died and more were injured. The PKK<br />
also kidnapped two Finnish tourists who were later<br />
released. .<br />
The report also acknowledged the support PKK<br />
,received from some Euro{lt3!l countries. "The PKK<br />
opened offices of its political wing (ERNK) in Italy<br />
and Greece," it said. The terrOrIst orgamzation's<br />
"expanding activities" in Germany werealso mentioned.<br />
,<br />
5,000-6,000 PKK guerrillas in Turkey.<br />
The State DePlll1mentestimates PKK strength as<br />
MO~DAY.MAY l, 1995<br />
"approximately 10,000 to 15,000 full-time guerril~<br />
. las, 5,000 to 6,000 of whom are in Turkey; 60,000 to<br />
75,000 part-time guerrillas and hundreds of thousands<br />
of sympathizers in Turkey and Europe."<br />
The report also sàid that the PKK "receives safehaven<br />
and mo<strong>de</strong>st aid from Syria, Iraq and Iran."<br />
The aid and comfort Syria is giving tothe PKK was<br />
raised with Presi<strong>de</strong>nt Assad during Assistant<br />
Secr<strong>et</strong>ary of State, Dennis Ross' latest visit to<br />
Damascus. UPI rèported that the PKK lea<strong>de</strong>r,<br />
Abdullah "Apo" Öcalan, had escaped to Syna 24<br />
, hours before Turkey launched Operation Steel in<br />
northern Iraq on March 20.<br />
The second Turkish terrorist or~anization covered<br />
by the report is Dev-Sol (Revolutionary Left) whose<br />
lea<strong>de</strong>r Dursun Karata~ was arrested bythe French<br />
authorities last September. .<br />
Dev-Sol members in Austria,' Belgium and<br />
N<strong>et</strong>herlands"sprang into action" to have Karata~<br />
released. The State Department <strong>de</strong>scribes Dev-Sol as<br />
a Marxist group which is "intensely xenophobic and<br />
virulently anti-U.S. and anti-NATO." Its strength is<br />
<strong>de</strong>scribed as "several hundred members and several<br />
dozen armed militants." It is noted that the organization<br />
"conducts fundraising operations in Western<br />
Europe."<br />
"Dev-Sol operatives in Turkey assassinated former<br />
Justice Minister Mehm<strong>et</strong> Topaç on Sept. 29~<br />
1994 in Ankara and also killed a policeman in<br />
Istanbul," the reports says.<br />
'.<br />
The "loosely organized Turkish Islamic extremists"<br />
are the third Turkish terrorist group covered by<br />
the report. ''They have claimed responsibility for<br />
attacks un<strong>de</strong>r a vari<strong>et</strong>y of names, such as Islamic<br />
Jihad, the Islamic Movement Organization and the<br />
Islamic Great Eastern Rai<strong>de</strong>rs Front."<br />
Deseite the fact that it is not of paramount signifi- ',<br />
cance ln Turker., the U.S. State Department report<br />
mentions that 'there was an upsur~e of attacks by ,<br />
Islamic extremist groups in 1994, mcluding many.<br />
aimed at un<strong>de</strong>rmining the Middle East peace<br />
process." ,<br />
Wilcox noted a trend of "a <strong>de</strong>cline in attacks by<br />
secular terrorist $roups in recent years ahd an<br />
increase in terronst activities by radical Islamic<br />
groups." In the introduction to the re~ort, Wilcox<br />
stated that "terrorism in Islamic guise IS a problem<br />
for established governments in the Middle East." ,<br />
4
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZÉT;<br />
1. 5. 95 Journal officiel <strong>de</strong>s Communautés européennes<br />
Jeudi, 6 avrill99S<br />
PROCÈS- VERBAL DE LA StANCE DU JEUDI 6 AVRIL 1995<br />
(95/C 109/04)<br />
,<br />
PlŒsIDENCE OE GIL-ROBLES GlL-OELGAOO<br />
Vice-prési<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
2. Visite <strong>de</strong> la «Troika» à Ankara <strong>et</strong> intervention<br />
turque dans le Nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak (déclarations<br />
avec débat)<br />
M Lamassoure Prési<strong>de</strong>nt en exercice du Conseil, <strong>et</strong><br />
M: Van <strong>de</strong>n B~k. membre <strong>de</strong> la Commission font<br />
<strong>de</strong>s déclarations sur la visite <strong>de</strong> la «Troïka» à Ankara <strong>et</strong><br />
sur l'inter.ention <strong>de</strong> l'armée turque au Kurdistan irakien.<br />
Interviennent: Mme Green, au nom du groupe PSE,<br />
MM. Langen, au nom du grou~ PPE, Bertens, au nom du<br />
groupe ELOR, MmeGonzalez Alvarez, au nom du groupe<br />
GUElNGL, MM. Caligaris, au nom du groupe FE,<br />
Kaklamanis, au nom du groupe ROE, MmeRoth, au nom<br />
du groupe V, MM. Dell' Alba, au nom du groupe ARE,<br />
Van <strong>de</strong>r Waal, au nom du groupe EON, Le Gallou,<br />
non-inscrit, Sakellariou, Lambrias <strong>et</strong> MmePailler.<br />
M. le Prési<strong>de</strong>nt annonce avoir reçu <strong>de</strong>s députés suivants<br />
les propositions <strong>de</strong> résolution suivantes, déposées sur la<br />
base <strong>de</strong> l'article 37, paragraphe 2, du règlement:<br />
- Goerens, André-Léonard <strong>et</strong> Bertens, au nom du groupe<br />
ELOR, sur les opérations militaires turques dans le<br />
Nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak (B4-0636/95); .<br />
- Lalumière, au nom du groupe ARE, sur l'incursion<br />
militaire turque contre les Kur<strong>de</strong>s au Nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak<br />
(B4-0644/95);<br />
- Sakellariou, Hoff, Roubatis, Colajanni, Kranidiotis,<br />
Wiersma, Pons Grau, Mendiluce Pereiro, Newens <strong>et</strong><br />
Desama, au nom du groupe PSE, sur l'incursion <strong>de</strong>s<br />
troupes turques en territoire irakièn (B4-0684/95);<br />
- Papayannakis, Ephremidis, Pailler, Ribeiro, P<strong>et</strong>tinari,<br />
Hurtig <strong>et</strong> Puerta, au nom du groupe. ~UElNGL ,sur<br />
l'invasion turque en Irak du Nord <strong>et</strong> la vIsIte <strong>de</strong> la Troika<br />
à Ankara (B4-0716/95);<br />
- Roth, Aelvo<strong>et</strong> <strong>et</strong> Kreissl-Dörfler, au nom du groupe<br />
V, sur l'invasion turque en Irak du Nord (B4-0723/95);<br />
- Pasty, Oaskalaki, Gerard Collins <strong>et</strong> Monteiro, au nom<br />
du groupe ROE, sur l'intervention turque en Irak (B4-<br />
0726195);<br />
- Lambrias, Langen, Brok, Christodoulou, Fabra Vallés<br />
<strong>et</strong> Oomen-Ruijten, au nom du groupe .PPE, sur la<br />
visite <strong>de</strong> la «Troïka» à Ankara <strong>et</strong> l'intervention militaire<br />
<strong>de</strong> la Turquie dans le Nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak (B4-0727/95).<br />
M. le Prési<strong>de</strong>nt déclare clos le débat.<br />
vote: partie l, point 4.<br />
Intervient M. Le Galloupour un fait personnel.<br />
*<br />
4. Visite <strong>de</strong> la «Troika» à Ankara <strong>et</strong> Intervention<br />
turque dans le Nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak (vote)<br />
Propositions <strong>de</strong> résolution B4-0636, 0644, 0684,<br />
0716, 0723, 0726 <strong>et</strong> 0727195<br />
Interviennent:<br />
- MmeGreen, au nom du groupe PSE, qui déplore que le<br />
groupe V, qui a déposé 4 amen<strong>de</strong>ments à la proposition<br />
<strong>de</strong> résolution commune, n'en ait pas informé, comme la<br />
coutume le veut, les autres groupes politiques signataires<br />
<strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong>te proposition;<br />
- MmeRoth, au nom du groupe V, sur c<strong>et</strong>te intervention<br />
<strong>et</strong> les amen<strong>de</strong>ments déposés par son groupe;<br />
- M. Balfe sur la disponibilité <strong>de</strong>s propositiQns <strong>de</strong><br />
résolution <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s amen<strong>de</strong>ments sur la Turquie <strong>et</strong> le<br />
Burundi (Mmele Prési<strong>de</strong>nt indique que les documents en<br />
question ont été distribués). .<br />
PROPOSITIONS OE RÉSOLUTION B4-0636, 0644,<br />
0684,0716,0723,0726 <strong>et</strong> 0727/95:<br />
proposition <strong>de</strong> résolution commune déposée par les<br />
députés suivants:<br />
Green, Hoff, Sakellariou, Lambraki, au nom du<br />
groupe PSE,<br />
Lenz, au nom du groupe PPE,<br />
Goerens, André-Léonard, Bertens, au nom du groupe<br />
ELOR,<br />
Alavanos, Camero Gonzalez, Pailler, Vinci, Ribeiro,<br />
Ephremidis, GonzaJez Alvarez, au nom du groupe<br />
GUElNGL,<br />
Caligaris, Ligabue, au nom du groupe FE,<br />
Pasty, Oaskalaki, Kaklamanis, au nom du groupe<br />
ROE,<br />
Roth, au nom du groupe V,<br />
Fouque, Lalumière, au nom du groupe ARE,<br />
tendant à remplacer ces propositions <strong>de</strong> résolution par un<br />
nouveau texte:<br />
Amen<strong>de</strong>ments rej<strong>et</strong>és: 3; 1; 2; 4<br />
Les différentes parties du texte ont été adoptées successivement.<br />
Par AN (PSE) le Parlement<br />
adopte la résolution<br />
votants: 417<br />
pour: 411<br />
contre: 0<br />
abstentions: 6<br />
(partie Il. point J).<br />
5
1. 5. 95 Journal officiel <strong>de</strong>s Communautés européennes<br />
Jeudi, 6 8vri11995<br />
PARTIE<br />
II<br />
Textes adoptés par le Parlement européen<br />
1. Visite <strong>de</strong> la «Troïka» à Ankara <strong>et</strong> intervention turque dans le Nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak<br />
B4-0636,0644,0684,0716,0723,0726,0727/95<br />
Résolution sur la visite <strong>de</strong> la «Troïka» à Ankara <strong>et</strong> l'intervention militaire <strong>de</strong> la Turquie dans le<br />
, nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak<br />
Le Parlement européen,<br />
vu ses résolutions antérieures sur les violations <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme en Turquie, <strong>et</strong> sur la<br />
condamnation <strong>de</strong>s attentats terroristes commis par le PKK,<br />
vu sa résolution du 16 février 1995 sur le proj<strong>et</strong> d'accord sur la conclusion d'une Union<br />
douanière entre l'UE <strong>et</strong> la Turquie (I),<br />
A. vivement préoccupé par l'extension du conflit entre l'État turc <strong>et</strong> les terroristes du PKK vers<br />
le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak,<br />
B. soulignant que le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak a été déclaré zone <strong>de</strong> protection <strong>de</strong>s Nations unies,<br />
C. horrifié par le caractère démesuré d'une intervention au cours <strong>de</strong> laquelle trente-cinq mille<br />
soldats turcs, appuyés par <strong>de</strong>s avions <strong>de</strong> combat, <strong>de</strong>s chars <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> l'artillerie lour<strong>de</strong>, ont lancé<br />
contre <strong>de</strong>s vill,ages kur<strong>de</strong>s une offensive qui s'est soldée par plusieurs centaines <strong>de</strong> morts,<br />
auxquels il faut ajouter <strong>de</strong> nombreux blessés <strong>et</strong> prisonniers parmi <strong>de</strong>s civils innocents,<br />
D. considérant que le caractère massif <strong>et</strong> l'absence <strong>de</strong> délai assigné à c<strong>et</strong>te opération lui donnent<br />
un caractère qui va au-<strong>de</strong>là d'un simple exercice du droit <strong>de</strong> poursuite,<br />
E., craignant pour la sécurité <strong>de</strong>s milliers <strong>de</strong> réfugiés kur<strong>de</strong>s qui cherchent à se protéger soit <strong>de</strong><br />
l'impitoyable répression menée par Saddam Hussein soit <strong>de</strong>s combats acharnés dans le<br />
sud-est <strong>de</strong> la Turquie, <strong>et</strong> pour la sécurité <strong>de</strong> tous les habitants <strong>de</strong> la région,<br />
F. apprenant que les journalistes <strong>de</strong> la presse écrit~ <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> la télévision indépendantes, dont la<br />
présence aurait permis d'informer librement <strong>et</strong> complètement l'opinion publique internationale,<br />
se sont vu interdire l'accès <strong>de</strong> la région,<br />
G. sachant que l'opération a été conduite, en partie, à j'ai<strong>de</strong> d'armes lour<strong>de</strong>s provenant d'États<br />
membres <strong>de</strong> l'Union 'européenne,<br />
H. appuyant les mises en gar<strong>de</strong> adressées par la prési<strong>de</strong>nce française au gouvernement turc ainsi<br />
que la décision du gouvernement allemand <strong>de</strong> suspendre toute ai<strong>de</strong> financière en faveur <strong>de</strong> la<br />
Turquie pour l'achat <strong>de</strong> navires <strong>de</strong> guerre <strong>et</strong> la fourniture à ce pays <strong>de</strong> nouvelles armes,<br />
I. considérant que la situation <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme en Turquie est trop grave pour que<br />
l'Union douanière envisagée puisse être mise en œuvre actuellement,<br />
J. considérant que'le I>roblème kur<strong>de</strong> ne peut être résolu militairement;<br />
1. condamne energiquement l'intervention militaire turque dans le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak <strong>et</strong> les<br />
violations du droit international <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme qu'elle a entraînées;<br />
2. condamne une fois encore les actes terroristes du PKK <strong>et</strong> avertit le gouvernement turc que la<br />
poursuite <strong>de</strong> sa politique <strong>de</strong> répression à l'encontre <strong>de</strong>s aspirations raisonnables <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s en<br />
Turquie ne manquera pas <strong>de</strong> renforcer l'audience du PKK, quel que soit le succès <strong>de</strong>s opérations<br />
militaires turques;<br />
(') PV <strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong>te date, partie Il. point 4.<br />
6
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RlVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASlN ÖZETi<br />
3. <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> fennement à la Turquie <strong>de</strong> r<strong>et</strong>irer immédiatement ses troupes du nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak <strong>et</strong><br />
<strong>de</strong> se m<strong>et</strong>tre en quête d'une solution politique propre à apaiser, dans le droit fil <strong>de</strong>s règles du droit<br />
international, la tension qui règne dans ses provinces orientales;<br />
4. <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> à l'Union européenne <strong>et</strong> à ses États membres d'ai<strong>de</strong>r financièrement <strong>et</strong><br />
techniquement le Haut Comité <strong>de</strong>s Nations unies pour les réfugiés dans ses efforts afin <strong>de</strong><br />
secourir les populations menacées .par les récentes explosions <strong>de</strong> violence;<br />
5. invite instamment les États membres à ne procé<strong>de</strong>r à l'extradition d'aucun réfugié kur<strong>de</strong><br />
aussi longtemps qu'Ankara affichera un tel comportement à l'encontre <strong>de</strong> ce peuple, à<br />
l'exception <strong>de</strong>s responsables <strong>de</strong>s mouvements terr'jlÎstes;<br />
6. prie les États membres <strong>de</strong> subordonner, à l'exemple <strong>de</strong> l'Allemagne, la fourniture <strong>de</strong><br />
nouveaux équipements militaires à la Turquie au r<strong>et</strong>rait <strong>de</strong> ses troupes;<br />
7. presse le Conseil <strong>et</strong> la Commission d'établir une stricte réglementation <strong>de</strong>s exportations <strong>de</strong><br />
matériels militaires, <strong>de</strong> manière à éviter que <strong>de</strong>s armes provenant d'États membres ne soient<br />
utilisées contre les Kur<strong>de</strong>s ou dans <strong>de</strong>s conflits similaires;<br />
8. <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> que les délégués <strong>de</strong> la Croix-Rouge soient autorisés à se rendre dans le Nord <strong>de</strong><br />
l'Irak pour veniren ai<strong>de</strong> aux populations civiles, notamment aux personnes blessées ou détenues;<br />
9. renvoie à sa résolution précitée du 16 février 1995;<br />
10. charge son Prési<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>de</strong> transm<strong>et</strong>tre la présen~ résolution à la Commission, au Conseil, au<br />
Conseil <strong>de</strong> l'Europe. à l'OSCE. au Secrétaire géliéral <strong>de</strong>s Nations unies. au Haut Comité <strong>de</strong>s<br />
Nations unies pour les réfugiés. au Comité international <strong>de</strong> la Croix-Rouge ainsi qu'aux<br />
gouvernements <strong>de</strong> la Turquie <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> l'Irak.<br />
,<br />
Lawyers for Democracy Party<br />
file appeal of convictions<br />
P<strong>et</strong>ition: Advocates argue that Constitutional Court's<br />
<strong>de</strong>cision was la political <strong>de</strong>cision, not a juridical one'; claim<br />
they were not shown evi<strong>de</strong>nce against their clients<br />
By Aytül Gürta~<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
ANKARA- Lawyers for the banned pro-<br />
Kurdish Democracy Party (DEP) presented<br />
last Wednesday a <strong>de</strong>tailed 106-page appeal<br />
to the Appeals Court.<br />
According to the DEP appeal, the trial<br />
process of DEP <strong>de</strong>puties Ahin<strong>et</strong> Türk, Hatip<br />
Diele, Leyla Zana, Orhan Dogan, Selim<br />
Sadak, SlITlSalak and in<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nt Mahmut<br />
Ahnak, was unjust and the imprisoned<br />
<strong>de</strong>puties should be released.<br />
. DEP was closed down by the<br />
.Constitutional Court in June 1994 and the<br />
d~p~ties' membership in the Turkish<br />
.Rarhament was revoked. Seven DEP<br />
<strong>de</strong>puties were then imprisoned, but six others<br />
fled to Europe to avoid prosecution. Pro-<br />
Kurdish but in<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>de</strong>puty Mahmut<br />
Almak's parliamentary immunity was also<br />
lifted at the <strong>de</strong>mand of the state prosecutor<br />
and he was tried with the DEP <strong>de</strong>puties.<br />
The DEP members and Ahnak were sentenced<br />
to b<strong>et</strong>ween three and 15 years of<br />
imprisonment.<br />
In their appeal, DEP lawyers Yusuf<br />
Alata~, Haslp Kaplall, AydIn Erdogan,<br />
Selahattin Esmer, Nuri Ozmen, speaking for<br />
a committee of, 300 lawyers in support of<br />
DEP, claimed that "justice in Turkey was<br />
not in<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nt of the administration" by<br />
recalling Prime Minister Çiller's statement<br />
on.the DEP case while the trial process was<br />
gomg on.<br />
In a statement on March 16, 1994. Prime<br />
Minister Ciller said, "I talked to the judges.<br />
Maybe I shouldn't have, but I nee<strong>de</strong>d to talk<br />
and I told them, 'finish the job immediate-<br />
. ", The DEP appeal said Prime Minister<br />
iller' s statement proved that justice in<br />
~ urkey was <strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nt upon the administration<br />
.and ar,gued that the Constitutional<br />
Court's <strong>de</strong>cision was "a political <strong>de</strong>cision,<br />
not ajuridical one."<br />
The DEP appeal also claimed that affidavits<br />
on which the trial was based -were not<br />
given to the <strong>de</strong>fense, effectively preventing<br />
DEP lawyers from seeing or chalfenging the<br />
state's evi<strong>de</strong>nce. "Our <strong>de</strong>mands to expand<br />
the investigation and to hear the witnesses<br />
in the courtroom were rejected by the Court.<br />
This is another sign of the unjust process of<br />
the trial," the ap~ said.<br />
The lawyers said all the <strong>de</strong>mands of the<br />
<strong>de</strong>fense lawyers were turned dowJl by the<br />
Court. They also said that the principle of<br />
individuality of the crime was also violated<br />
and the <strong>de</strong>puties were punished collectively.<br />
7
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RlVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETÎ<br />
oseE <strong>de</strong>legation wants<br />
DEP MPs to be released<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
TUESDAY, MAY 2,1995<br />
.'i<br />
TDN Parliament<br />
Bureau<br />
ANKARA- Will Wimmer, lea<strong>de</strong>r of a<br />
<strong>de</strong>legation from the O~gan!zation of<br />
Securit.y and CooperatIOn In Europe<br />
(OSCE), on Mond.ay requested that the<br />
jailed former <strong>de</strong>punes of the now <strong>de</strong>funct<br />
Democracy Party (DEP) be s<strong>et</strong> free.<br />
The <strong>de</strong>legation is on a one week visit to<br />
Tur,key ~t t~e invitation of Speaker<br />
Hüsam<strong>et</strong>tm Cmdoruk.<br />
Cirrdoruk's reply to Wimmer's request<br />
was;' "I cannot relay your request to the<br />
chief judge of the HIgh Appeals Court.<br />
However the press will ens~re ~at your<br />
statement is brought to the Judge s attention.<br />
I don't know wh<strong>et</strong>her your words<br />
will influence him or not but I cannot<br />
intervene in the judiciary." The visiting<br />
OSCE <strong>de</strong>legation also m<strong>et</strong> with the un<strong>de</strong>rsecr<strong>et</strong>ary<br />
of the National Intell}gence<br />
Organization (MIT), DemocratIc L~ft<br />
Party (DSP) Chairman Bülent EcevI.t,<br />
Necm<strong>et</strong>tin Erbakan of the pro-IslamIc<br />
Welfare Party (RP) and main opp~sition<br />
MOtherland Party (ANAP) ChaIrman<br />
Me~ut Yllmaz. They later visited the<br />
Kurdish <strong>de</strong>puties in pnson. .<br />
The OSCE <strong>de</strong>legation wIll today me<strong>et</strong><br />
with the Turkish parliamentarianswho are<br />
OSeE members and later with Hikm<strong>et</strong><br />
Ç<strong>et</strong>in, <strong>de</strong>puty 'pri!lle minis.t~r and chairman<br />
of the Jumor coalItIOn partner<br />
Republica!) Pe6ple's Party (C~J, yekta<br />
Güngör Oz<strong>de</strong>n of the ConstItutIOnal<br />
Court, Foreign Minister Erdal1nön~, State<br />
Minister ~gan Hacal~glu, resP9nsIbl~ for<br />
hU.~.~h nghts, ~nd fmally WIth Pnme<br />
MinIster iansu ÇIl1er.' . .<br />
On 'May 3, the <strong>de</strong>legatIOn l!lembers WIll<br />
go to DiyarbakIr and me<strong>et</strong> WIththe emergency<br />
rule regional governo~, DiyarbakIr<br />
mayor and the chamber of mdustry and<br />
commerce. On May 5, they, willoor<strong>et</strong>urnto<br />
Ankara and me<strong>et</strong> with Yavuz Onen, the<br />
head of the Human Rights Foundation and<br />
former Foreign Minister MümtazSoysal.<br />
After me<strong>et</strong>ing with New Democracy<br />
Movement (YDH) lea<strong>de</strong>r Cern Boyner ~d<br />
Dogu Perinçek of the Labor Party (IP) ill<br />
Istanbul, the OSCE <strong>de</strong>legation willleave<br />
Turkey on May 7.<br />
During their visit to Cindoruk, Wimmer<br />
said he and his colleagues were pleased<br />
with the content of the itinerary prepared<br />
for them, Wimmer, who is also the <strong>de</strong>puty<br />
presi<strong>de</strong>nt of the OSCE Parliamentarian<br />
Assembly started by requesting a me<strong>et</strong>ing<br />
closed to the press, noting that he had<br />
some special remarks to make. C:r&oruk<br />
replied, "We have nothing secr,<strong>et</strong>f~timth~<br />
press. You can say what you lik.elß fI9nt<br />
of them." Wimmer drew attentIon to the<br />
press comme~~sthat .he.anq,his colleagues<br />
,were on "a cntIcal ffilSSIon. "<br />
Wimmer said, "The purpose of our visit<br />
is linked with three issues which caused<br />
the Parliamentarians" Assembly .to focus<br />
its attention on Turkey. The first is the<br />
critical situation in some regions of<br />
Turkey. The second is to emphasize the<br />
utmost im~ortance the Assembly attaches<br />
to Turkey s integrity and protectÙln of its<br />
bor<strong>de</strong>rs. The third is linked with the case<br />
of the imprisoned former <strong>de</strong>puties."<br />
Wimmer said it was not only he and his<br />
colleagues who had concerns about the<br />
j~led <strong>de</strong>p'uties but that some Turkish parlIamentanans<br />
had the same concerns. He<br />
said he and his colleagues did not have<br />
any hi~<strong>de</strong>n agen4a against Turkey i~ ~eir<br />
respectIve countnes. He quoted a ffilnIster<br />
of the Turkish government as saying that<br />
the "state should be tolerant." Wimmer<br />
repeated that he and his colleagues were<br />
ready to give political support for the protection<br />
ofTurkey's bor<strong>de</strong>rs and its integrity.<br />
Wimmer contmue<br />
. d<br />
t<br />
h<br />
at t<br />
h'<br />
IS reqUIre<br />
. d<br />
not only military measures but also economic,<br />
social and political measures.<br />
Wimmer said that the sentences given<br />
io former'<br />
•.<br />
' . pärliamentarians in the Turkish courts,<br />
wl1ich he <strong>de</strong>scribed as being the most<br />
active member of OSCE, excee<strong>de</strong>d the<br />
, <strong>de</strong>cisions of the courts in the OSCE member<br />
countries,<br />
','We request that the jail~d p~liamentanans<br />
be sel free. CertaJ.nlyIt WIllbe you<br />
who makes the <strong>de</strong>cision and, as friends,<br />
we hereby express our wish that you will<br />
take this <strong>de</strong>cisIOn,"Wimmer said.<br />
Cindoruk said Turkey is 'â <strong>de</strong>mocratic<br />
country, that it is an open regime and that<br />
there' IS no censorship in the country.<br />
Cindoruk said, "The members of the press<br />
have also heard your request. There are 17<br />
pri vate TV stations which broadcast<br />
nationally.<br />
'<br />
. The rating of the state TV has dropped<br />
to 10 percent. There are more than 2000<br />
radio stations. Citizens inquire why the<br />
OSCE <strong>de</strong>legation has come to Turkey.<br />
Now the press will relay this to them. You<br />
have requested that former PEP <strong>de</strong>puties<br />
be released. The judici'!IY is in<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
in Turkey. I could not have relayed your<br />
request to the chief judge of the High<br />
Appeals Court. Your call will be aired on<br />
TVs. The chief judge of the High Afpeals<br />
Court will also listen. I won<strong>de</strong>r i your<br />
words will have any effect or not but I can<br />
hav~ no influ~pce on the in<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nt judi-<br />
Ciary in this regard." Cindoruksaid<br />
Greece had put the mufti of Xanthi in<br />
Western Thrace in jail however since he<br />
believed in the in<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nce of the judiciary<br />
he could not intervene in, Greece for<br />
the correction of the relevant court ruling.<br />
DSP Chairman Bülent Ecevit, who m<strong>et</strong><br />
with the OSCE <strong>de</strong>legation, stressed that<br />
the National Security Council (MGK) did<br />
not put any pressure on the government. .<br />
Ecevit said be had worked with MGK<br />
when he was in office as prime minister<br />
and that except for the militlll)' eras there<br />
was no pressure involved.' He said there<br />
were similar organizations in other countrles<br />
and that tbe organization of such<br />
nature was in the most respectable position<br />
in the United States.<br />
The OSCE members later visited<br />
~evk<strong>et</strong> Kazan, <strong>de</strong>puty chairman of the RP<br />
parliamentary 8TOUP. In reply to a question,<br />
Kazan SaId, "At present, the southeast<br />
Anatolia, region is not represented in<br />
Parliament.<br />
Sixteen of the 22 vacant seats in<br />
Parliament are in that region. For the past<br />
eight months, we have oeen proposing to<br />
hold an election however our proposals<br />
are not taken into consi<strong>de</strong>ration, No reaction<br />
has comdrom Europe in this regard<br />
because OSCE does not perform its duty."<br />
~\<br />
8
...<br />
Mujeres <strong>de</strong>i Partido <strong>de</strong> los Trabajadores Kurdos (sentadas)<br />
<strong>de</strong>tenldas por soldados turcos durante la ultima ofenslva <strong>de</strong> Ankara en Irak.<br />
I<br />
KURDOS La Prision Turca<br />
Zan a es un kurdo <strong>de</strong> Turquia que sufre en propia carne la persecuciôn<br />
<strong>de</strong> su pueblo<br />
por <strong>de</strong>fen<strong>de</strong>r una i<strong>de</strong>ntidad cultural. «La prisiôn numero 5») es el testimonio <strong>de</strong> 11<br />
afios entre rejas. Hoy sigue en prisiôn, como su esposa, candidata al Nobel <strong>de</strong> la Paz<br />
ANA TAGARRO,<strong>Paris</strong><br />
ME LLAMO MEHOI ZANA. SOY KURdo.<br />
Kurdo <strong>de</strong> Turquia. He sido alcal<strong>de</strong><br />
<strong>de</strong> Diyarbakir, la ciudad<br />
mas importante <strong>de</strong> la region don<strong>de</strong><br />
viven los kurdos, el Kurdistan <strong>de</strong> Turquia.<br />
Fui encarcelado en 1980 durante<br />
, diez ai'ios y ocho meses, junto con otros<br />
kurdos, algunos <strong>de</strong> los cuales estan hoy<br />
muertos, en una condiciones dificiles <strong>de</strong><br />
imaginar' en Europa. He sido tortura do <strong>de</strong><br />
tal manera que conservo todavia las secuelas.<br />
Y todo eso <strong>de</strong>bido a mi postura<br />
en favor <strong>de</strong> 10 que me 'parece elemental:<br />
los <strong>de</strong>rechos <strong>de</strong> los kurdos. Lo que nosotros<br />
<strong>de</strong>mandamos es el po<strong>de</strong>r hablar<br />
nuestra lengua, apren<strong>de</strong>rla en la escuela,<br />
disponer <strong>de</strong> periodicos, radios y television<br />
en kurdo. Queremos vivir como seres<br />
humanos compl<strong>et</strong>os, en el resp<strong>et</strong>o a<br />
nuestra dignidad, <strong>de</strong> nuestra personalidad,<br />
<strong>de</strong> nuestra i<strong>de</strong>ntidad y por eso nos dos al Norte <strong>de</strong> Irak don<strong>de</strong>, segun los<br />
encarcelan, nos torturan y nos matan). mandatarios turcos, el Partido <strong>de</strong> los Trabajadores<br />
Asi <strong>de</strong> sencillo y rotundo comienza<br />
Kurdos (PKK) tiene sus bases<br />
Mehdi lana ellibro La prision numero 5 y organiza activida<strong>de</strong>s terroristas.<br />
en el que relata su experiencia durante Il Como lana, su esposa, Leyla, <strong>de</strong> 3 I<br />
ai'ios en las carceles turcas. lana, a sus ai'ios, también sufre persecucion. Ahora<br />
55 ai'ios, casado y con dos hijos, esta hoy Leyla cumple una con<strong>de</strong>na <strong>de</strong> 15 ai'ios <strong>de</strong><br />
<strong>de</strong> nuevo en la carcel. En mayo <strong>de</strong>I ano prision en la carcel militar <strong>de</strong> Ankara acusada<br />
pasado fue con<strong>de</strong>nado por un tribunal<br />
<strong>de</strong> «pertenencia y ayuda a una banda<br />
turco a cuatro ai'ios <strong>de</strong> prision por <strong>de</strong>fen<strong>de</strong>r<br />
armada», es <strong>de</strong>cir, al PKK. Un centenar<br />
ante el Parlamento Europeo<br />
<strong>de</strong> periodistas e intelectuales<br />
los <strong>de</strong>rechos <strong>de</strong> los kurdos.<br />
también ha sido encarcelado<br />
Como lana, millones <strong>de</strong><br />
por <strong>de</strong>litos <strong>de</strong> opinion, algunos<br />
kurdos carecen <strong>de</strong> patria -viven<br />
diseminados en Turquia,<br />
lana. Leyla lana acaba <strong>de</strong> ser<br />
por <strong>de</strong>fen<strong>de</strong>r al matrimonio<br />
Irak, Inin, Siria y la antigua<br />
propuesta para el Premio Nobel<br />
URSS- y soportan persecuciones.<br />
<strong>de</strong> la Paz a instancias <strong>de</strong> los dimada<br />
La ultima ofensiva arputados<br />
noruegos. Las autorida-<br />
contra ellos la ha protagonizado<br />
<strong>de</strong>s turcas han reaccionado<br />
Turquia. El pasado<br />
inmediatamente contra esta<br />
20 <strong>de</strong> marzo las autorida<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong><br />
candi datura. El Gobierno turco<br />
Ankara enviaron 35.000 solda-<br />
Zana en 1992. sigue negando la i<strong>de</strong>ntidad kur-<br />
S3<br />
9
REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ~RIVlSTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZETi<br />
MAHMUT ESAT BazKuRT, ANTIGUa<br />
ministro <strong>de</strong> lusticia <strong>de</strong> Turquia,<br />
afirmo en 1930: «Vivimos en el<br />
pais mas libre <strong>de</strong>I mundo, que se llama<br />
Turquia. El turca es el unico senor <strong>de</strong><br />
este pais. Aquellos que no son <strong>de</strong> puro<br />
origen turco no tienen mas que un solo<br />
<strong>de</strong>recho en este' pais: el <strong>de</strong>recho <strong>de</strong> ser<br />
servidores, el <strong>de</strong>recho <strong>de</strong> ser esclavos».<br />
Y asi viven los kurdos. Sus penas<br />
comenzaron en los anos 20 con Mustafa<br />
Kemal, llamado Ataturk (padre <strong>de</strong> los<br />
turcos). Su obj<strong>et</strong>ivo era la homogeneizacioncultural<br />
<strong>de</strong>I pais. En 1919, Kemal<br />
prom<strong>et</strong>io crear un «Estado musulman<br />
<strong>de</strong> kurdos y turcos», pero en 1923<br />
prohibe toda manifestacion <strong>de</strong> la entidad<br />
kurda. Las revueltas kurdas <strong>de</strong>senca<strong>de</strong>naron<br />
un circula <strong>de</strong> represion-revuelta-represion<br />
entre 1925 y 1938. Millon<br />
y media <strong>de</strong> kurdos fue <strong>de</strong>portado y<br />
masacrado. Tras la II Guerra Mundial,<br />
las casas empeoran. El golpe <strong>de</strong> Estado<br />
<strong>de</strong> 1960 inicia la campana «Ciudadano<br />
habla turco» y se pintan las la<strong>de</strong>ras <strong>de</strong><br />
las montanas <strong>de</strong>I Kurdistan con l<strong>et</strong>ras<br />
que dicen: «Un turco vale todo un universo».<br />
Pueblos enteras, coma Silvan y<br />
Batman, son torturados en publico.<br />
En 1982 se aprobo una Constitucion<br />
que consagra los principios <strong>de</strong> Ataturk.<br />
Unos 65.000 kurdos murieron en Diyarbakir<br />
tras ser torturados. Entonces nace<br />
el PKK, el Partido <strong>de</strong> los Trabajadores<br />
<strong>de</strong>l Kurdistan, que lleva a cabo actos terroristas<br />
contra obj<strong>et</strong>ivos turcos.<br />
En abril <strong>de</strong> 1991, el presi<strong>de</strong>nte Turgut<br />
Ozal <strong>de</strong>ci<strong>de</strong> abolir la ley sobre las<br />
lenguas prohibidas y amnistia a 45.000<br />
prisioneros kurdas, entre ellos a Mehdi<br />
Zana. El pueblo kurdo abriga gran<strong>de</strong>s<br />
esperanzas para las legislativas <strong>de</strong> octubre<br />
<strong>de</strong> 1991. Pero el PKK lleva a cilbo<br />
varias acciones sangrientas que sirven<br />
<strong>de</strong> excusa al Ejército para iniciar una<br />
.nueva ofensiva: 150 civiles kurdos mueren<br />
durante la fiesta <strong>de</strong>l nuevo ana kurdo<br />
el 21 <strong>de</strong> marzo <strong>de</strong> 1992 en Cizre. Se<br />
inicia entonces una eliminacion planificada.<br />
En 30 meses mas <strong>de</strong> 2.000 kurdas,<br />
entre ellos elescritor Musa Anter y el<br />
diputado Mehm<strong>et</strong> Sincar, son asesiriados<br />
par «asesinos no i<strong>de</strong>ntificados».<br />
. En marzo <strong>de</strong> 1993 Ozal intenta <strong>de</strong>tener<br />
el bano <strong>de</strong> sangre. Cuando se prepara<br />
para anunciar una serie <strong>de</strong> medidas<br />
relativas al puebla kurda, Ozal muere<br />
subitamente <strong>de</strong>bido a un para cardiaco.<br />
El pasado 20 <strong>de</strong> marzo Ankara en-<br />
.vio 35.000 hombres al Norte <strong>de</strong> Irak<br />
para combatir al PKK alIi asentado. La<br />
ofensiva turca se realizo precisamente<br />
par encima <strong>de</strong>I Para1elo36, zona <strong>de</strong> exclusion<br />
aérea impuesta a Irak tras la<br />
guerra <strong>de</strong>l Golfo para que el li<strong>de</strong>r iraqui,<br />
Sadam Husein, no pueda arrem<strong>et</strong>er<br />
contra el pueblo kurda. Curiosa. •<br />
da, pero no quiere que el reconocimiento intemacional <strong>de</strong> la causa <strong>de</strong> los Zana en- ,<br />
turbie. su cada vez mas cerc.ana un.ion I<br />
aduanera con la Union Europea.<br />
En La prision numero 5, Mehdi Zana<br />
relata coma se ensanaban sus torturadores<br />
con él par haber recibido el apoyo explicita<br />
<strong>de</strong>I Gobiemo francés. Publicado<br />
el pasado febrero en Francia par la editorial<br />
Arléa, en el libro no hay ningun tipo<br />
<strong>de</strong> proselitismo, ni <strong>de</strong> llamadas al in<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>ntismo<br />
<strong>de</strong>l puebla<br />
kurda, ni <strong>de</strong> instigaciones<br />
a la venganza.<br />
Zana se limita, con una<br />
sencillez aplastante, a<br />
<strong>de</strong>scribir las torturas a<br />
las que los presos kurdos<br />
son som<strong>et</strong>idos y a<br />
<strong>de</strong>jar clara su intencion<br />
<strong>de</strong> seguir luchando por<br />
10 que no son mas que<br />
<strong>de</strong>rechos humanos.<br />
Los presos<br />
recibian golpes y<br />
<strong>de</strong>scargas<br />
eléctricas en los<br />
testiculos<br />
El escritor turco<br />
Yadar Kemal, cuyo<br />
nombre se ha barajado<br />
en varias ocasiones para el Premio Nobel,<br />
recomienda la lectura <strong>de</strong> La prisi6n<br />
numero 5. Kemal fue juzgado en Turquia<br />
en marzo <strong>de</strong>i ano pasado, cuando se con<strong>de</strong>no<br />
a seis diputados kurdas, por <strong>de</strong>cir:<br />
- Turquia entrara maldita en el siglo<br />
XXI.<br />
Al referirse a Zana, Kemal afirma:<br />
-El no es un hombre que miente.<br />
Porque uno quisiera creer que 10 que<br />
cuenta en ellibro no es verdad, que es una<br />
pesadilla. Pero la pesadilla, dice Zana, comienza<br />
cuando uno se <strong>de</strong>spierta. La celda<br />
<strong>de</strong> la Aca<strong>de</strong>mia Militar en la que Zana fue<br />
confmado el 24 <strong>de</strong> septiembre<strong>de</strong> 1980, 12<br />
dias <strong>de</strong>spués <strong>de</strong>I golpe <strong>de</strong> Estado, tenia<br />
1,80 m. <strong>de</strong> largo par 0,62 <strong>de</strong> ancho y 1,80<br />
<strong>de</strong> alto, con una tabla <strong>de</strong> 40 centim<strong>et</strong>ros<br />
<strong>de</strong> ancha a 30 centim<strong>et</strong>ros<strong>de</strong>I suelo.<br />
El dia que llego fue torturado par una<br />
<strong>de</strong>cena <strong>de</strong> guardias que le advirti.
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
-Eso les hace reir, sobre todo si la<br />
victima se quema; si no reacciona, la empren<strong>de</strong>n<br />
a golpes --explica Zana.<br />
Las torturas son innumerables: tenerles<br />
12 horas <strong>de</strong> pie sin corner, 0 <strong>de</strong>ntro <strong>de</strong><br />
una celda plagada <strong>de</strong> ratas, 0 en una banera<br />
llena <strong>de</strong> excrementos 0 sobrevivir a los<br />
ataques <strong>de</strong> un pastor aleman adiestrado<br />
para mor<strong>de</strong>r los testiculos <strong>de</strong> los presos.<br />
.-<br />
yaba, esperaban a que recuperase el conocimiento<br />
para volver a comenzar.<br />
La presion psicologica es también habituaI:<br />
les obligaban a dar gracias a Ala<br />
por su situaci6n y <strong>de</strong>sear larga vida al<br />
Ejército y a la naci6n turca, saludar al perro<br />
<strong>de</strong>i capitan, se les som<strong>et</strong>ia al simulacro<br />
<strong>de</strong> ser ahorcados y recibian amenazas<br />
contra sus familias.<br />
-No buscaban matamos. Dosificaban<br />
las torturas para ver el grado <strong>de</strong> 10<br />
que podiamos soportar -afirma Zana.<br />
Su libro <strong>de</strong>scribe también el hacinamiento<br />
y la [alta <strong>de</strong> higiene en que viven<br />
los presos, el sadismo <strong>de</strong> los carceleros,<br />
que aveces ofrecen té a un prisionero y<br />
cuando se acerca le vierten el té hirviendo.<br />
Hay torturas mas humilIantes, si cabe<br />
clasificarlas, como la «matraca»,<br />
que consiste en introducir una porra<br />
en el recto mientras cuatro guardas<br />
sostienen al prisionero por las manos y<br />
pies. Si la porra rompe los organos, la<br />
victima pue<strong>de</strong> morir <strong>de</strong>sangrada. En ocasiones<br />
obligan a un prisionero a sostener<br />
la porra contra otro compaiiero 0 a autoempalarse<br />
sentandose sobre ella. A veces,<br />
cuando sacan la porra ensangrentam<br />
da, obligan a otro <strong>de</strong>tenido a chuparla.<br />
I!i - Tratan <strong>de</strong> humillamos en 10 mas<br />
iprofundo <strong>de</strong> nosotros mismos -asegura.<br />
Pero en 10 mas profundo <strong>de</strong> ellos esta<br />
el convencimiento <strong>de</strong> que su lucha es justa<br />
yeso les mantiene vivos. Les queda<br />
incluso energia para iniciar acciones soli.<br />
darias eintentar llamar la atenci6n <strong>de</strong> la<br />
comunidad intemacional. En 1982 llevaron<br />
a cabo una huelga <strong>de</strong> hambre con el<br />
obj<strong>et</strong>ivo <strong>de</strong> poner fin a los malos tratos.<br />
A los 55 dias <strong>de</strong> la huelga, muri6 el<br />
primer <strong>de</strong>tenido. Todavia moririan varios<br />
mas antes <strong>de</strong> que la Administracion prom<strong>et</strong>iese<br />
que no habria torturas. En realidad,<br />
las cosas no cambiaron mucho pero,<br />
segllil Zana, las acciones conjuntas reforzaron<br />
la moral <strong>de</strong> los presos kurdos. Finalmente,<br />
a partir <strong>de</strong> 1987, las condiciones<br />
mejoraron. Zana fue liberado en<br />
1991. Para entonces ya empezaba a recuperar<br />
la memoria que le falto entre 1983<br />
y 1984, pero tenia dificulta<strong>de</strong>s para hablar.<br />
Asegura que durante su <strong>de</strong>tencion<br />
se sintio investido <strong>de</strong> una gran responsabilidad<br />
porque <strong>de</strong>bia sei"merecedor <strong>de</strong> la<br />
confianza que los kurdos habian <strong>de</strong>positado<br />
en él al elegirle alcal<strong>de</strong>.<br />
También comenta la capacidad para<br />
el humor en situaciones limite, como<br />
cuando un preso que pa<strong>de</strong>cia una diarrea<br />
por haber injerido comida en mal estado<br />
fue llevado ante el tribunal y pidi6 pere<br />
miso para ir al ballo. Como no se 10 dieron,<br />
satisfizo sus necesida<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong>lante <strong>de</strong>l<br />
tribunal. Por supuesto fue castigado, pero<br />
cuando regreso a la celda disfruto contândoselo<br />
a sus compaiieros.<br />
Cuenta Zana también la anécdota <strong>de</strong><br />
Vedat Aydin, uno <strong>de</strong> los li<strong>de</strong>res kurdos<br />
<strong>de</strong> Diyarbakir. Durante una sesi6n colectiva<br />
<strong>de</strong> tortura un compaiiero le pregunta:<br />
-l,Como estas?<br />
~jTan fuerte como un buey! -respondio<br />
Aydin.<br />
-Fue tan inesperada su respuesta<br />
~ice Zana- que le miramos como espectadores<br />
<strong>de</strong> nosotros mismos, lejos por<br />
un segundo <strong>de</strong> nuestro dolor y nos echamos<br />
areir.<br />
Zana en la circel (1984). Hoy algue en prIs16n. Vedat Aydin fue asesinado en 1991. •<br />
Il
REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ~RIVISTA STAMP~~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZETi<br />
INTE&.~ATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE, TUESDAY, MAY 2,1995<br />
D.S.Calls On AUies<br />
To Join Ban on Iran<br />
OilPrices<br />
RiseonNews<br />
Of Boycott<br />
By Youssef M. Ibrahim<br />
New York Times Service<br />
PARIS - The ban on commercial <strong>de</strong>aling<br />
wlth Iran will trigger disruptions in .<br />
world oil mark<strong>et</strong>s that may raise energy<br />
costs worldwi<strong>de</strong>, particularly if the United.<br />
States pursues its use of oil as ~ weapon<br />
with Libya and Nigeria to extract political<br />
.concessions or extends its boycott to for- .<br />
eign companies doing business fn Iran.<br />
Oil prices rose mo<strong>de</strong>ratelyon Monday.<br />
.On the New York Mercantile Exchange,<br />
cru<strong>de</strong> oil for <strong>de</strong>livery ip June was trading'<br />
late in the day at $20.50 a barrel, up 12<br />
cents from Friday, after initially gaining as<br />
much as 42 cents to $20.80 a barrel, the<br />
highest level since last August. .<br />
In London, North Sea Brent Blend<br />
cru<strong>de</strong> for June <strong>de</strong>livery was quoted in late<br />
trading at $19.17 a barrelon the Interna-<br />
.tional P<strong>et</strong>roleum Exchange, up Il cents<br />
.from Friday, afterrising as high as $19.38<br />
a barrel earlier in the day. Brent cru<strong>de</strong> is.<br />
J1e benchmark oil from the North Sea.<br />
lf Japanjoins the boycott of Iranian oil,.<br />
:pearly 40 percent of Iran's oilexports of<br />
2.5 million barrels a day wouldbe blocked<br />
out of world mark<strong>et</strong>s, energy experts in<br />
IEurope estimate. A prolonged action<br />
would <strong>de</strong>prive Tehranof about $4 billion,<br />
or about a .third of its annual hard-currency<br />
revenue.<br />
Japanese oil industry officials said Mon-.<br />
day that the United States already had<br />
asked the Japanese Foreign Ministry to<br />
lobby 'for a suspension of the daily p'urchases<br />
of 600,000 barrels of Iranian oil.<br />
."It will be more than a thorn in their<br />
si<strong>de</strong>," said P<strong>et</strong>er Gignoux, head of the.<br />
energy <strong>de</strong>sk at Smith Barney in London:<br />
But experts say the policy would create<br />
pardships for American companies as the<br />
places they can operate in the Middle East .<br />
.iU'e.becoming fewer, American oil compani;es<br />
an: no~ banned from. operating in.<br />
a day toMIf' that amount currently. As a<br />
result, Russian oil exports have been un-.<br />
stable.<br />
Experts say the embargo comes at a time<br />
.when the balance b<strong>et</strong>ween oil supplies and<br />
consumption is precarious.<br />
Demand for oil has been increasing, as<br />
the newly industrialized economies of India,<br />
China and Southeast Asia expand ..<br />
Since 1990, world oil mark<strong>et</strong>s have been<br />
<strong>de</strong>prived of about 3 million barrels a day<br />
that Iraq exported before sanctions were<br />
imposed by the United Nations. Iran is.<br />
.currently exporting 2.5million barrels a:<br />
day, of which about 1 million barrels going<br />
.to U.S. and Japan~e buyers may be sus-.<br />
pen<strong>de</strong>d; .<br />
"There is a limit to how much oil you<br />
can keep out of the mark<strong>et</strong> without pushing<br />
prices up," said John Lichtblau, presi<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
of ~e ~<strong>et</strong>roleum Industry Research<br />
Foundation ln Manhattan. "It's lilce a<br />
. 'Cateh-22' situation: The mOre .<br />
successful U.S. policy is, the ..<br />
price of oil is likely to increase<br />
by several dollars."<br />
. .International oil companies<br />
sald the overall impact of the<br />
American boycott would be-<br />
. come clearer after 30 days,<br />
when the executive or<strong>de</strong>r takes<br />
force.<br />
The presi<strong>de</strong>nt of a major oil<br />
trading company, based in .<br />
Monte Carlo,. which handles<br />
shipping for a substantial<br />
amounts of Iranian cru<strong>de</strong> oil,<br />
said: "If the Americans are<br />
very, very firm in their pressure<br />
it will create real difficulties f0;<br />
I~an 'in <strong>de</strong>alingwith third ,par- •<br />
tIes, to(). No one wants to;<strong>de</strong>fy.<br />
America today."<br />
Third parties, like in<strong>de</strong>pen-<br />
Appeal<br />
.<br />
Comes.:<br />
.<br />
After Clinton<br />
Cuts Off Tra<strong>de</strong> .<br />
!-lbya, p-anl!Pd;I.raq; tpeyare reStricted to'. By Paul F. Horvitz<br />
ilsm~resenœ1D~a,aad ~e at risk in,<br />
International Herald Tribune<br />
AJaenllf,If ~k ~~ PO~4cal groups:<br />
,u~,the~mpameSa1sowillbebanned' WASHINGTON -The United States<br />
ki:JIn N~$Cria:toforce the'Nigerian military :<strong>de</strong>nounced Iran on Monday and sternly<br />
to'r<strong>et</strong>um to <strong>de</strong>mocracy. . .. <strong>de</strong>clared. to its allies and to Russia and<br />
....The ban on American oilpurchases . China thatthere were no longer any "ex-.<br />
from Libya began in 1986, and, from Iraq, cuses" for maintaining commercjal ties<br />
iliI99O.Simultaneously, Russian produc- with Tehran's Islamic re~me.<br />
tion has droppe4 steadily, coming down in. ,The messagewas <strong>de</strong>livered at a news<br />
the past foUr Years from 12 million barrels. briefing by Secr<strong>et</strong>ary of State Warren M<br />
12<br />
<strong>de</strong>rit"cJiltra<strong>de</strong>rs ana öllsl1ïpping<br />
companies, will playa .major<br />
role as Iran tries to bypass the<br />
boycott and resell oil through<br />
'themback to America and'to<br />
.other mark<strong>et</strong>s.<br />
One' of the crucial factors to<br />
pon<strong>de</strong>r, experts say, is wh<strong>et</strong>her<br />
the fe~ oil producers with~pare<br />
capacity and reserves, lik~ Saudi<br />
Arabia, would mov<strong>et</strong>o make<br />
up ,an~ shorÙlgé by pumping<br />
more oil. ..<br />
The general consensusin Europe<br />
is that Saudi Arabia's economic<br />
and political sense dictates<br />
that it refrain from<br />
replacing the Iranian oil.<br />
"I don't think the Saudis will<br />
b~dge on production," said Mr.,<br />
. GIgnoux of. Smith Barney.<br />
",Trus is a tra<strong>de</strong> embargo <strong>de</strong>slgPled<br />
to send a political message<br />
to Tehran, with which Sau.,<br />
.di Arabia agrees." . .<br />
.• Other experts agreed that<br />
Saudi Arabia, which already'<br />
.produces 8 million barrels a<br />
.day, would opt for higher pric<strong>et</strong><br />
rather than more production m<br />
keep prices stable. 1<br />
Oil industry experts in Eu.'<br />
'rope said the U.S. boyc.oif<br />
would require extensive poliC".,<br />
ing, as Iran rushed to find in<strong>de</strong>.<br />
pen<strong>de</strong>nt tra<strong>de</strong>rs to mark<strong>et</strong> its,<br />
oil.<br />
Some Europeans have argued.<br />
that the United states will facé<br />
renewed pressure from Russiai:<br />
China and .France to end thê<br />
sanctionsimposed by the Unit ..<br />
ed Nations that ban Iraq frorr:.<br />
selling oil in or<strong>de</strong>r to ease an)/<br />
supply crisis. .<br />
. At the moment, most experq<br />
believe no crisis is looming:<br />
Those .interviewed Monday said<br />
the embargo remained largely Ii<br />
p~nal.tyupon American compa'<br />
rues.<br />
"The use of oil as a weapon ü<br />
costly. It can cut both ways,'<br />
said a former Algerian oil min.<br />
ister, . Nordine Ait-Laoussine<br />
"At the moment it is Americar<br />
oil companiès who cannot wod<br />
ill Libya; or Iraq or Iran. Other:<br />
are,' and Iran will disCount it:<br />
oil te:>s~llit."<br />
Christopliér' one day afterPresi<strong>de</strong>nt Bill<br />
. Clinton announced a total ban on U.S.<br />
tra<strong>de</strong> and investment with Iran. .<br />
The secr<strong>et</strong>ary srecifically called on oth-<br />
.er nations to "end all of their concessionary<br />
credits, which allow Iran to divert<br />
scarce resources to militaryprograms and<br />
'to sponsoring terrorism.:' .<br />
. The presi<strong>de</strong>nt'sba<strong>de</strong> ban comes a week.<br />
before Mr. Clinton flies to Moscow, where<br />
he is expected to renew pressure-on Presi<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
Boris N. Yeltsin to reverse the<br />
planned sale of two nuclear reactors to<br />
Iran.<br />
In Tehran, state radio and television<br />
called Mr. Clinton's sanctions "disgrace-<br />
• ful" and suggested that only U.S. companies<br />
would p~y .a price, Reuters reported.
REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVlEW~BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ~R,v'STA STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PIŒNSA~BAS'N ÖZET;<br />
.-<br />
[he purchase of Iranian cru<strong>de</strong> oil by<br />
U.S.-based companies and their branches<br />
overseas had been wi<strong>de</strong>ly cited as an inconsistency<br />
in U.S. policy as it pressed for<br />
tra<strong>de</strong> sanctions. Nations in Europe and<br />
Asia friendly to the United States generally<br />
have resisted Washington's pleas that<br />
they halt tra<strong>de</strong> with Iran, and It was unclear<br />
wh<strong>et</strong>her the presi<strong>de</strong>nt's latest move<br />
would bring any results.<br />
On Monday, after Mr. Clinton effectively<br />
<strong>de</strong>clared an end to the U.S. purchase of<br />
Iranian cru<strong>de</strong>, Mr. Christopher issued his<br />
broa<strong>de</strong>st indictment y<strong>et</strong> of Iran. He called<br />
Tehran "a ~or threat to United States<br />
interests and mternational security," and<br />
ad<strong>de</strong>d: ::~re <strong>de</strong>termined to stop them."<br />
Be es' ted that Iran, <strong>de</strong>spite a domestic<br />
~criIis, "spends several hun-<br />
~ JDiIJIlpa doUars a year to ptoYi<strong>de</strong> radical<br />
poofI with weapons, equipment,<br />
trairons. In~ financial support."<br />
He also said Iran was specifically seeking<br />
gas centrifuge technology used to isolate<br />
weapons-gra<strong>de</strong> nuclear fuel and in<br />
1992 sent agents to Kazakhstan in an attempt<br />
to buy enriched uranium. Tehran<br />
has said it is seeking nuclear technology<br />
purely for peaceful energy needs.<br />
"Other nations were using our tra<strong>de</strong><br />
with Iran as an excuse for making coneessionary<br />
credits or taking other actions to<br />
strengthen Iran," Mr. Christopher said.<br />
"We did not want to give anybody ajustification<br />
or an excuse or really even an argument<br />
against the strong position that we'<br />
are now taking."<br />
The White House is claiming mo<strong>de</strong>st<br />
success. Mr. Clinton's spokesman, Michael<br />
McCurry, told reporters Monday<br />
that some members of the Group of Seven<br />
wealthy nations were "reviewing their own<br />
economic engagement with Iran."<br />
In addition to Russia and China, Germany<br />
and Japan have been particular targ<strong>et</strong>s<br />
of U.S. pressure.<br />
Un<strong>de</strong>r the presi<strong>de</strong>nt's plan, Iran will not<br />
be permitted to buy any U.S. goods. Last<br />
year, U.S. exports to Iran were valued at<br />
$326 million. In addition, American-controlled<br />
oil companies will no<br />
longer be allowed to buy Iranian<br />
cru<strong>de</strong> and resell it on the<br />
world mark<strong>et</strong>. Fully in<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
subsidiaries not controlled<br />
'by U.S.-based executives will<br />
not,be affected by the or<strong>de</strong>r.<br />
U.S. oil companies and their<br />
branches abroad buy about 20<br />
percent of Iranian cru<strong>de</strong>, valued<br />
!it $3 billion to $4 billion. They<br />
already are barred from import-<br />
'lng Iranian cru<strong>de</strong> directly to the<br />
United States.<br />
'.'Another possible aim of Mr.<br />
Clinton's action is to <strong>de</strong>rail Reptblican-sponsored<br />
legislation<br />
~,~ing offered in Congress to<br />
,yeate a secondary boycott by.<br />
'Jarrjng U.S cOll1mcn;ialties to<br />
'my company that tra<strong>de</strong>s wiLh<br />
Iran.<br />
The officials who drafted the<br />
r-~ent U.S. ban on tra<strong>de</strong>,<br />
whidl Wlil Ilot lake lull dfect<br />
until July, refrained from el>pressing<br />
'optimism about ho....<br />
other nations would react.<br />
At the most.they say the U.S.<br />
step to han American companies<br />
and their <strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nt suhsidiaries<br />
from commercial contacts<br />
with Iran will "enhance<br />
our credibility" in pressing for<br />
restraint by other nations.<br />
The crux of the issue is.<br />
wh<strong>et</strong>her financial and tra<strong>de</strong><br />
benefits, particularly the sale of<br />
oil. produces cash and frees other<br />
Iranian resources to help finance<br />
such opponents of Middle<br />
Fast peace as the Hama~<br />
and Hezbollah groups.<br />
Japan has provi<strong>de</strong>d some fi-.<br />
nancing for a major hydro<strong>de</strong>ctrie<br />
dam project in Irim but so<br />
far has <strong>de</strong>layed providing<br />
scheduled enhancements. Rus~<br />
sia has shown little indication<br />
, so far that it will reconsi<strong>de</strong>r its<br />
plan toselliight-water reactors,<br />
to Tehran, <strong>de</strong>spite heavy U.S.<br />
pressure.<br />
Germany envisions commercial<br />
contacts with Tehran as<br />
well, and Chancellor Helmut<br />
Kohl has <strong>de</strong>flected U.S. pressure,<br />
specifically citing the pur-<br />
"hase of Iranian oil by U.S.-<br />
based companies.<br />
A---F:"-P-:---:.::.A- -F -p.,--
," ';'-" To Russia: Turkey treasures its<br />
,:;~,~>, To Europe: Do not exclu<strong>de</strong> Tl)rkey<br />
:":'3''''Qrom the customs union using<br />
1.:~~;:::Jhuman rights or Kurdish issues as<br />
1~pr<strong>et</strong>exts. Keeping out a c'ountry<br />
, with a comp<strong>et</strong>itive economy and a secular.<br />
<strong>de</strong>mocratic system is not in your<br />
best interests.<br />
,,"':"'),\ To the government: Blow life into<br />
''''4:;::':\ the Black Sea Cooperation<br />
\:. .... ;.) Organization and the Economic<br />
1 ~Cooperation Organization, help<br />
peace in the Caucasus to pave a vital<br />
road to Central Asia blocked by Iran. Win<br />
the comp<strong>et</strong>ition for opening a sea link to<br />
the Turkic states .<br />
....-~.'~-,..'"~,.'" ~.<br />
l ", .~'v:.,-~...•.;:'.,<br />
,"'-'-'0" To Syria: Stop harboring terrorists<br />
.'S""'\ who are causing trouble for<br />
I<br />
:. 2' ,..~ lies with Russia. It is nottrying to<br />
~.I:..'J govern the Central Asian<br />
I ~ republics which can govern themselves.<br />
Russia, on the other hand,<br />
should not engage in pOlicies which il<br />
thinks will intimidate Turkey, like using<br />
the Kurdish card.<br />
~:'\.'~~-:.-:-::~ç,;,,::.~.::-<br />
;:?~.7;~:":'~"'''?:; '::-:.:~:<br />
k.~ ..~) Turkey. This is not compatible<br />
I ~ with friendship.<br />
'f,;I'<br />
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REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETÎ<br />
TDN SPECIAL ...TDN SPECIAL ...TDN SPECIAL ...<br />
Demirel wams Europe,<br />
play with Kurdish card<br />
If Turkey cannot enter the Customs Union, this will create a re<br />
will help strengthen the PKK, allow it to boast that it can hurt<br />
into the hands ofthose who are against Turkey's entering the<br />
In an exclusive"interview with the TDN on the targ<strong>et</strong>s and problems of<br />
Turkey'sforeign policy, Presi<strong>de</strong>nt Süleyman Demirel issued messages to the<br />
country's traditional allies and new fellow-players in the regional power<br />
game, warning them not to cause lasting resentment among the Turkish<br />
public by playing the Kurdish card. He called for an energ<strong>et</strong>ic foreign p~licy<br />
reaching out in all directions but placed particular emphasis on a strategy<br />
that would ensure the opening of a vital route to Central Asia. Demirel's full<br />
statement on foreign policy to the TDN follows:<br />
By tlnur Çevik Ra~it Gürdilek, Semih D. tdiz , Nazlan Ertan,<br />
Burak Bekdil & Hayri Birler<br />
o'<br />
n its foreign relations, Turkey today is a well-<br />
Irespected country. It is a major 'power which is<br />
listed among the IO big emergmg mark<strong>et</strong>s. Its.<br />
econoIl}y, is proceeding !owards becoming a<br />
comp<strong>et</strong>itive economy. It IS a currency earnmg<br />
country. It receives foreign exchange from<br />
exports, from tourism, from its workers and contractors<br />
abroad and from air and maritime transport, it is<br />
earning hard currency. It is a country which Ispaying<br />
its <strong>de</strong>bts and interest to the last penny, not <strong>de</strong>faulting<br />
on them. So, it is natural that Turkey is a respected<br />
country.<br />
Regional cooperation and the EU.<br />
Now,I want to say this about the forei~ policy<br />
issues before TUrkey: One is Turkey s partiCIpation<br />
in regional cooJ>eration o..rganizations.<br />
One of them. is the European Union (EU) If Turkey<br />
can enter the European customs union, it will be the<br />
first country to do so without entering the EU frrst.<br />
Can Turkey enter the EU? As it looks today, it is not<br />
som<strong>et</strong>hin~ that can happen soon. And. what will<br />
Turkey gam from the customs union membership?<br />
Will it have some problems? Yes, it will. But it will<br />
also have some advantages.<br />
I Turkey has suffered<br />
heavily from the stance<br />
the Western powers<br />
have adopted against<br />
Iraq, and it continues to<br />
suffer. And it will suffer<br />
again if the Western<br />
powers enter a<br />
confrontation with Iran.<br />
If Turkey cannot enter the customs union, this will<br />
ct'é.ate a resentment in Turkey against the West.<br />
FUrthérmore it will help strengthen the PKK (the outl~<br />
Kurdistan Workers' Party) and allow it to boast<br />
thàt.lt can hurt Turkey's ties with other countries. It<br />
will also play into the hands of those who are against<br />
Turlœy's entering the EU.<br />
It. will not be easy to erase this resentment. This<br />
will be the opportunity those who want to sever<br />
Turkey from Europe have always been seeking. Our<br />
European friends would give us up and opt for<br />
whom? .<br />
_ It is no longer possible to<br />
15
REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ~RNISTA STAMPA.DENTRO DE lA PRENSA.BASlN ÖZETi<br />
...TDN S'PECIAL ...TDN SPECIAL ...<br />
US, Russia: Don't<br />
--l<strong>et</strong>' s be friends<br />
sentment in Turkey againsttheWest. Furthermore it<br />
rrurkey's ties with other countries. It will also play<br />
EU. It will not pe easy to erase this resentment.<br />
Turkey has a strategie location as a bridge whieh<br />
. cannot be overlooked. And before that, the country<br />
itself is important as a large, <strong>de</strong>mocratic, secular<br />
country which has adopted the values tlf Europ~.<br />
With a republican history of 72 years, the West-onented<br />
reforms introduced by its foun<strong>de</strong>r, Kemal<br />
Atatürk, are now <strong>de</strong>ep rooted among the masses. Now<br />
Turkey has over half a million teachers who are all<br />
attached to the legacy of Atatürk. It is no longer possible<br />
to eradicate this legacy in Turkey with its popu~<br />
lous ranks of intellectuals imbued with Ataturkism.<br />
Yes, Turkey is now the gateway t~ Central As~a, to<br />
.Caucasus, to the Balkans, to RUSSia,to the MIddle<br />
East. Well, don't. the people going there know the<br />
way? Can't they go by themselvesfThey surely can.<br />
But Turkey is a stepping stone. And the first to see<br />
this property of Turkeyare the Japanese. If the<br />
. Japanese invest somewhere and when doing so they<br />
don't mind some minor problems, then you know that<br />
that place is important. Turkey has also an experienced<br />
class of entrepreneurs. And finally, the rule of<br />
law prevails here. If you add all these tog<strong>et</strong>her, you<br />
arrive at the eco-strategic location of the country<br />
whieh already has an important geo-strategic location.<br />
This eco-strategy is very important as a concept.<br />
Turkish entrel'reneurs have already. dispersed to<br />
.everywhere in Europe and have evengone beyond.<br />
We have come across many Turkish businessmen,<br />
.contractors even in Latin America.<br />
.jEurope is not a mere<br />
fW.$<br />
. geographic <strong>de</strong>finition.<br />
Europe is more a<br />
16<br />
eradicate the legacy of<br />
Atatürk in Turkey with<br />
its P9pulous ranks of<br />
intellectuals imbued<br />
with Atatürkism.<br />
<strong>de</strong>finition of values.<br />
Now, there is no point in<br />
excluding Turkey which<br />
has. embraced these<br />
valu,è~J: is <strong>de</strong>fending<br />
them and is trying to<br />
carry them elsewhere.<br />
Besi<strong>de</strong>s the security of .<br />
(new) Europe is not<br />
.som<strong>et</strong>hing that has been<br />
established. No'one<br />
knows for sure the<br />
future of NATO.<br />
Now, Europe should not give up a country like this.<br />
This would not be in its own interests.<br />
. More than half of Turkey' s foreign tra<strong>de</strong> is already<br />
with Europe. Europe should not allow itself to be<br />
swayed by anti-Turkish activities, There is anti.<br />
Turkish opposition. Because Turkey has, after all;<br />
conie from a disban<strong>de</strong>d empire. There are age-old<br />
. enmities <strong>de</strong>riving from history. '<br />
'. Europe is not a mere geographic <strong>de</strong>finition. Europe<br />
is more a <strong>de</strong>finition of values. Now, there is no pornt<br />
. in excluding a Turkey which has embraced these values,<br />
is <strong>de</strong>fending them and is trying to carry them<br />
.elsewhere. Besi<strong>de</strong>s the security of (new) Europe is<br />
not som<strong>et</strong>hing that has been established. No one<br />
.knows for sure the future of NATO. The reshaping,<br />
the restructuring of Europe is not compl<strong>et</strong>e y<strong>et</strong>. In<br />
these circumstances a major power like Turkey cannot<br />
be easily given up. So, l advise our European<br />
friends - as well as tlieir governments to whom it is<br />
always easier to explain things -, the Eurooean
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZET;<br />
media, European man-on-the-s~re<strong>et</strong>, European businessmen<br />
and the European parliaments to b<strong>et</strong>ter recognize<br />
Turkey's value, This is my message to.<br />
Europe, We want to be tog<strong>et</strong>her wit~ Europ~, we<br />
don't wantto be dra~ged away, But If they t~e.the<br />
price of our unity with Europe, t~ some ,condltlO,ns<br />
that will cause the country's disintegration or dismemberment,<br />
Turkey will not accept tliat.<br />
Black Sea Economic Cooperation<br />
organization and Russia<br />
Another regional grouping imQC)rtantfor Turkey<br />
is the Black Sea Economic Cooperation organization.<br />
I attach great importance to this. This<br />
will turn the Black Sea into a lake of peace. 'f!ùs will<br />
reactivate the historicaltra<strong>de</strong> rOlltes to ASIa. The<br />
tra<strong>de</strong> routes now severed for political reasons will<br />
regain vitality. Russia is very Important for us. We<br />
don't want our relations with RUSSiato come to harm.<br />
The Chechnya affair, and TurRey's relations :-vi~hthe<br />
Central Asian republics should not cause a chili In the<br />
relations with Russia. The attempts to s<strong>et</strong>tle the<br />
Chechnya problem with repression, with force, with<br />
bloodshed are utterly wrong. I sai~ this w~y back ~n<br />
Dec. 17 in a l<strong>et</strong>ter I sent to RUSSIanPresI<strong>de</strong>nt Bons<br />
Yeltsin.<br />
• 1 In the Black Sea<br />
DH;;f<br />
Economic Cooperation<br />
Organization everybody<br />
has a stake in 10..11<br />
states staying tog<strong>et</strong>her<br />
and collectively<br />
searching opportunities<br />
for cooperation.<br />
Turkey will continue<br />
vanguarding this.<br />
Russia should not feel concern about Turkey's<br />
<strong>de</strong>veloping ties with Central Asia. We shall not<br />
attempt to govern these state~ the~e. E~ery state will<br />
govern itself. But we have histoncaltles to Central<br />
Asia and these should not irritate anyone. We are Dot<br />
instigating anyone in CentraI Asia to do anything. On<br />
the contrary, we advise them to g<strong>et</strong> along well with<br />
Russia.<br />
The exploitation of the dormant mineraI resources<br />
in CentraI Asia will infuse. wealth to the region. And<br />
if Turkey can contribute to this in any way, this will<br />
mean helping these countries to rise up on their own.<br />
fe<strong>et</strong>.<br />
In Russia, people should support the frieDdship<br />
b<strong>et</strong>ween their country and Turkey. In my belief, both<br />
Tùrkey and Russia have a gol<strong>de</strong>n opportunity to furthér<br />
<strong>de</strong>velop their ties.<br />
.;. Russia should not<br />
@'+<br />
1~iattempt to play some<br />
cards it thinks will<br />
intimidate Turkey, like,<br />
for instance, g<strong>et</strong>ting its<br />
hand into the Kurdish<br />
issue. This will<br />
extremely disturb<br />
Turkey.<br />
Turkey can help Russia to improve its economy.<br />
But, on the other hand, Russia sliould not attempt to<br />
play some cards it thinks will intimidate Turkey, such<br />
as, for instance, g<strong>et</strong>ting its hand into the Kurdish<br />
issue.<br />
This would disturb Turkey extremely.<br />
And any such attempts to <strong>de</strong>stabilize Turkey will<br />
not be in its best interests.<br />
Coming back to the Black Sea Economic<br />
Cooperation organization, three years have passed<br />
since the signing of the agreement in June 1992. The<br />
preparatory stage is now compl<strong>et</strong>e. We start the second<br />
phase, with the second summit to be held in<br />
Romania.<br />
I attach importance to the summit. Everybody has a<br />
stake in 10-11 states staying tog<strong>et</strong>her and collectively<br />
searching opportunities for cooperation .<br />
Turkey will continue in the vanguard of this<br />
search.<br />
ECO<br />
There are now 10 member states in the<br />
Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO).<br />
The summit me<strong>et</strong>ing (in Karachi) on March 13<br />
w,asextremely encouraging. This is a new world ~ith<br />
300' million people. Turkey should lend its weIght<br />
both to the BlacICSea Economic Cooperation organi-<br />
~tion and this ECO. ECO is a new and growing project.<br />
.seven new states have joined Turkey, Iran and<br />
Pakistan, the traditional members. Many of the newcomers<br />
are just evolving into states. !here are g~eat<br />
benefits for them from the cooperation. There IS a<br />
great potential in the CentraI Asian countries.<br />
I Central Asia shoul.d<br />
.. reach the sea. It wIll<br />
have access to the sea<br />
either over Pakistan over<br />
Iran or over Turkey. The<br />
Pakistan route is<br />
inevitable. But the opening<br />
of the other route<br />
(over Iran) might block<br />
the Turkish route to the<br />
sea or vastly reduce its<br />
significance. And Iran is<br />
already engaged in a big<br />
effort to provi<strong>de</strong> the sea<br />
17
REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ-RlVISTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZETi<br />
link to Central Asia over<br />
its own territory.<br />
Central Asia should reach the sea. It will have<br />
access to the sea either via Pakistan, Iran or Turkey.<br />
The Pakistan route is inevitable.<br />
But the opening of the other route (over Iran) might<br />
block the Turkish route to the sea or vastly reduce Its<br />
significance. And Iran is already engage~ in a b.ig<br />
effort to provi<strong>de</strong> the sea link to Central ASia over ItS<br />
own territory. ..<br />
That' s why the resolution of the AzerbalJan-<br />
Armenia conflict is so important ~or Turkey. If the<br />
conflict is resolved, Turkey can easily reach out from<br />
its eastern boundary to Baku, and from there to<br />
Krasnovodsk. .<br />
And then it will be easier for the Central ASian<br />
countries to take their D'oods to the Black Sea ~nd<br />
Mediterranean ports ofTurkey rathe.r than takmg<br />
them to the Indian Ocean through Pakistan or to the<br />
.Persian Gulf through Iran.<br />
• ,]The Chechnya<br />
HM affair and Turkey's<br />
relations with the<br />
Central Asian republics<br />
should not cause a<br />
chill in the relations<br />
with Russia. The<br />
attempts to s<strong>et</strong>tle the<br />
Chechnya problem with<br />
repression, with force,<br />
with bloodshed<br />
are utterly wrong. In'<br />
Russia, people should<br />
support the friendship<br />
b<strong>et</strong>ween their country<br />
and Turkey.<br />
And, in fact, this Silk Road will reemerge, extending<br />
from Peking to London. Turkey should compl<strong>et</strong>e<br />
the missing str<strong>et</strong>ch of railroad around Lake Van. .<br />
But Turkef s policies towards these Central Asian<br />
states are not motivated by calculations of material<br />
benefits. What it seeks is the ability of these sta.tes to<br />
stand on their own fe<strong>et</strong>, to <strong>de</strong>velop therr econortues.<br />
Turkey, Iran and the West.. .<br />
:'Turkey has suffered heavily from the stance the .<br />
Western powers have adopted against Iraq, and .<br />
it continues to suffer. And it will suffer again if<br />
the Western powers enter a confrontation willi Iran.<br />
So, when adopting a stance towards the countries<br />
around us, they should know how far they harm<br />
Turkey. And after a certain point, Turkeycannot bear<br />
these losses.<br />
Now look, what the Gulf crisis has caused (for<br />
Turkey). They cannot praise Turkey enough. We<br />
cooperated like this ... We cooperated like that.<br />
Very well, but the 100 million tons of oil (flowing<br />
through the Kirkuk- Yumurtalik pipeline) is no longer<br />
there. .<br />
The pipeline is abandoned to rot. It is a great pity.<br />
Despite all the efforts, it has not been possible to<br />
reactivate the pi~line. There are 26 million barrels<br />
of oil trapped insi<strong>de</strong>. If it is flushed, the oil insi<strong>de</strong><br />
will be wortli $500-600 million. What will happen to<br />
this money?<br />
I want to say this here: Turkey should help<br />
Azerbaijan and Armenia to reach a s<strong>et</strong>tlement. After a<br />
s<strong>et</strong>tlement over Karabakh, Armenia will withdraw<br />
from other Azerbaijani territory it has occupied.<br />
There will be a softening and a s<strong>et</strong>tlement will be <strong>de</strong>finitely<br />
reached. .<br />
When this comes about, Turkey will take increased<br />
amounts of relief supplies to Azerbaijan. Everyone<br />
will.<br />
But what is more important is a route from Turkey<br />
to Central Asia. I see this as vital for Turkey, vital for<br />
them (the Central Asian states).<br />
There is a.surprising flow of goods from Turkey to<br />
these countries by road. ' .<br />
But the road b<strong>et</strong>ween (the eastern Turkish city of)<br />
Erzurum and Gürbulak (the customs point on the<br />
Iranian bor<strong>de</strong>r) is clogged (because of slow Iranian<br />
procedures) and they cannot pass through. And of<br />
course, there is this matter ofsea accessto Central<br />
Asia.<br />
This will create a lot of investment opportunities in<br />
Central Asia: So, Turkey will continue Its interest in<br />
g<strong>et</strong>ting,to this region. .<br />
Iransays it does not want to create any obstacles,<br />
and is not barring the way. But, on the other hand, the<br />
trucks cannot pass through. Still, we cannot afford to<br />
hurt Iran. Our strategy calls for good relations with<br />
Iran.<br />
IIAs for potential<br />
:::~;:;:;:::-..;:,<br />
Western pressures on<br />
Turkey to join the<br />
West in its confrontation<br />
with Iran as speculated,<br />
Turkey cannot lift<br />
such a load.<br />
As for potential Western pressures on Turkey to<br />
join the West in its confrontation with Iran as speculated,<br />
Turkey cannot lift such a load. Now, who guarantees<br />
that these (Western powers)will not go to Iraq .<br />
(for reconciliation.).<br />
'<br />
These countries are OUf neighbors and Turkey ,<br />
should avoid as far as possible any hostility with its<br />
neighbor sun<strong>de</strong>r this influence or that. They provoke .<br />
you in that direction, and it may so happen that<br />
tomorrow you see them becoming friends with your<br />
new-won enemy. So, here, Turkey should play its<br />
.own political game. . .<br />
In these matters there is an excellent dialogue<br />
b<strong>et</strong>ween myself and the foreign ministry..<br />
And I am particularly interested in Turkey's forei[l}<br />
relations.<br />
Therefore I am saying this with full emphasis:<br />
Turkey should take a stronger position in this ECO. .<br />
And it should come to a stronger position in the<br />
Black Sea Economic Cooperation organization. Wé<br />
should be a bit more energ<strong>et</strong>ic. .<br />
18
REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ~RIVISTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZET;<br />
Turkish Dairy News TUESDAY, MA Y 2. 1995<br />
us: Iran supports terrorism in Turkey<br />
Presi<strong>de</strong>nt Clinton will ban all tra<strong>de</strong> with Iran<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
WASHINGTON- Presi<strong>de</strong>nt Bill Clinton is expected<br />
to sign an executive or<strong>de</strong>r this week to ban all tra<strong>de</strong> with<br />
Iran, which is already on the State Department's list of<br />
seven nations which are <strong>de</strong>clared "state sponsors of terrorism."<br />
All U.S. companies, including their overseas subsidiaries,<br />
will be banned from importing anything from<br />
Iran. The or<strong>de</strong>r also bans all U.S. exports to Iran except<br />
food and medicine.<br />
The ban will take effect 30-days after Clinton signs<br />
the executive or<strong>de</strong>r. Clinton's or<strong>de</strong>r is expected to eliminate<br />
about $3.5 billion dollars worth of Iranian oil purchased<br />
every year by U.S. ~ompanies: U.S. finns also<br />
refine 21 percent of Iran' s Oll producl1on. Sen. Alfonse<br />
D' Amato (Republican) has also proposed a similar tra<strong>de</strong><br />
embargo ort Iran, proposing to cut off tra<strong>de</strong> relations<br />
with any foreign [mns that tra<strong>de</strong> with Iran.<br />
Speaking at a State Department press briefing to<br />
explain the presi<strong>de</strong>nt's <strong>de</strong>cision, Secr<strong>et</strong>ary of State<br />
Warren Christopher said "Iran's backing for international<br />
terrorism is pervasive. .<br />
It has supported. violence across the Middle East, in<br />
Lebanon, Israel, Egypt, Turkey, Algeria and now in<br />
Gaza." In a speech he gave at the World Jewish<br />
Congress in .New York City on Sunday to 6,000<br />
Holocaust survivors, Clinton said that "Iran has broa<strong>de</strong>ned<br />
its role as an inspiration to terrorists."<br />
Christopher ad<strong>de</strong>d that "Iran is the primary patron of<br />
terrorists trying to <strong>de</strong>rail the Arab-Israeli peace process."<br />
Among the terror organizations that receive "funds,<br />
training, and political support from Iran," Christopher<br />
cited ''Ramas., Islamic Jihad, Hezbollah and Ahinad<br />
Jibril's Popular Front."<br />
He said the U.S. was also worried that Iran would one<br />
day g<strong>et</strong> nuclear weapons. "For years Iran has been trying<br />
to purchase heavy water research reactors that are best<br />
s~ii,ed to producing weapo~s-gra<strong>de</strong>. plutonium. not ele
Çiller signals<br />
end to Turkey's<br />
N. Iraq drive<br />
Visit: KDP <strong>de</strong>legation in<br />
Ankara to discuss ways to<br />
prevent establishment of<br />
PKK bases in the future<br />
Turkish<br />
Daily News<br />
ANKARA- Prime Minister Tansu Çiller<br />
on Tuesday signalled an end to Turkey's<br />
military<br />
Workers'<br />
campai~p against<br />
Party (P1\K) tara<strong>et</strong>s<br />
Kurdistan<br />
in northern<br />
Iraq, saying only a few thousand troops<br />
remained<br />
"Only<br />
in the reaion,<br />
three of our battalions (about<br />
4,000 troops) are still there, and they will<br />
b~ pulled back as soon as they finish their<br />
job," Çiller told her True Path Party's parliamentary<br />
group. In another indication of<br />
an imminent end to the operation in northern<br />
Iraq, the MilitaryPress Center, s<strong>et</strong> up<br />
in Diyarbakir in southeastern Turkey on<br />
March 20 to brief the media' on the campaign,<br />
was closed on Tuesday'.<br />
Military spokesman Colonel Dogu SilahçlOglu toldthe<br />
last session at the Press Center that 555 PKK militants had<br />
been confmned killed in the northern<br />
others had been cau~ht. '<br />
Iraq operation<br />
,<br />
and 13<br />
He put the Army s <strong>de</strong>ath toll at 61, including four officers:<br />
185<br />
SilahçlOglu<br />
soldiers<br />
ad<strong>de</strong>d.,<br />
have been woun<strong>de</strong>d In action,<br />
"<br />
Howeyer, i.n contra~t to offiCiaI figures, Çiller said ~~e<br />
had received mformatlOnthat as many as 1,3'00 PKK rrnlitants<br />
may have been killed in the clashes. '<br />
Deputy Prime Minister Hikm<strong>et</strong> Ç<strong>et</strong>insaid on Tuesday<br />
that contrary to expectations by Western countries, no<br />
civilians were injured during the Turkish Army's operation<br />
in northern Iraq. "I congratulate the armed forces for the<br />
care they have showed on this issue," Ç<strong>et</strong>in said at his<br />
coalition partner Republican People's Pany parliamentary<br />
group me<strong>et</strong>ing. " '<br />
Turkey's operation in northern Iraq started on Marcn 20<br />
when 35,000 troops stormed into the region to fight the<br />
PKK. Çiller said Turkey would fumly mamtain its right to<br />
<strong>de</strong>fend itself against separatist terrorism, adding incursions<br />
'into northern Iraq could be repeated in the future if need~d.<br />
"The ()peration IS being successfully finalized with the<br />
objectives reached," she said, adding, "As a result the terrorists<br />
have totally lost their logistic support from the<br />
region."<br />
Çillèr said the PKK, waging a separatist war in southeastern<br />
Turkey since 1984, was <strong>de</strong>firutely a terrorist organization<br />
and that the world should unite in fighting terronsm.<br />
SilahçlOglu <strong>de</strong>nied press allegations that the military<br />
operation in northern Iraq had cost billions of dollars, saying<br />
the total cost for the campaign was not more than TL<br />
2.8 trillion ($65 million). "<br />
Several European countries have been harshly criticizing<br />
Turkey because of the operation. To soothe Western fears '<br />
that Turkey would p'rolong<br />
Ankara has been saxm,g that<br />
its stay in. Ira9i ~er~itory,<br />
the operatIOn IS hrrnted.In<br />
scopeand duration. l;e.tan, stressi~g that although the Gulf<br />
War had come to an end stability has not y<strong>et</strong> been restored<br />
to the region, said no other country apart from Iraq has suffered<br />
more from the Gulf War than Turkey. He noted that<br />
Turkey has suffered an economic loss of $20 billion .<br />
.ç<strong>et</strong>m said that .passage through th~ Hab~r bor<strong>de</strong>r gate<br />
\~'Ith Iraq had been stopped temporanly dunng the operation.,<br />
but that the gate was later reopened. He said f,000<br />
vehicles could pass through the gate per day and that this<br />
would bring tra<strong>de</strong> activity to the region.<br />
'. A statement .re!~ased on Tuesday by the General Staff<br />
listed large qu~tItJes of weapons and ammunition seized<br />
from the PKK m northern Iraq, including I 000 rifles 58<br />
machine guns, 118 rock<strong>et</strong> launchers, 3,500 RPG-7 rock<strong>et</strong>s<br />
and 5,800 anti-t.~ and anti-personnelllÛnes, '<br />
The PKK mIlitants ,were armed with recoil-less auns<br />
anti-,ürcraft guns, anti-tank missiles and mortars as w~lI a~<br />
so~histicated night-vision equipment. mine <strong>de</strong>tectors and<br />
wrreless s<strong>et</strong>s.<br />
"Ço~si<strong>de</strong>ring t~~t these weapons would have been used<br />
to kill mn~ent CltlZe~s, thene~d for the operation and the<br />
benefits <strong>de</strong>nved from It are obvIOUS;" the statement said.<br />
" KDP <strong>de</strong>legation in Ankara ,<br />
A <strong>de</strong>legatIOn hea<strong>de</strong>d by Necirvan Barzani starts talks<br />
with Tu~kish officials today aimed at preventing the future '<br />
r~~~tabhshment of terrorist bases in Northern Iraq. The<br />
VISit was planned during a me<strong>et</strong>ing of Turkish officials'<br />
with K,urdistan Democratic<br />
. Banaru last month.<br />
Party (KDP) lea<strong>de</strong>r Massoud<br />
Necirvan Barzani, quoted by Agence France Presse said<br />
he would ask .Ankara to pay for mpit!a groups and the'<br />
. rec~n.structlon of northern<br />
In po.licmg the bor<strong>de</strong>r region.<br />
Iraqi Villages if it wants help<br />
.<br />
.. With~ut ~ash help it will be !mpossible to guard the bor,<br />
<strong>de</strong>r agamst mfùtratlon by Turkish Kurd separatists he said.<br />
"Nobody. can control the Turkish-Iraqi bor<strong>de</strong>r area' 100 percent<br />
agaInst the PKK (Kurdistan Workers' Party),"<br />
Banaru, nephew of KDP lea<strong>de</strong>r Massoud Barzani.<br />
said<br />
. "If Turkey finances reconstruction of <strong>de</strong>stroyed villages,<br />
rrnp~oves road access and finances small camps wecould<br />
<strong>de</strong>pl~r<br />
cent.<br />
al.ong the bor<strong>de</strong>r and c()ntrol the area up to 70 per-<br />
The KDP controls a swath~ of northwestern Iraq<br />
~o~g the bor<strong>de</strong>r, but Barzani acknowledged it would be.<br />
dlnlcult to convince Iraqi Kurd civilians living in the.<br />
. reglO!l to support Turkish interests after the lootIng and<br />
shelhng<br />
Steel."<br />
theyhad suffered during Ankara's<br />
.<br />
"Operation<br />
.<br />
"The Turks ma4e a,lot of mis~es; Instead ,of ~ulling the<br />
Kurds over to thelT Si<strong>de</strong> they ma<strong>de</strong> them angry the KDP<br />
official said. . . . '<br />
"But still, the peoplehere knowthat the reason for the<br />
shelling and lootingis ultimately the PKK." .<br />
. TheTurkish offensive, which thé army said it was windmg<br />
up Tuesday, was il big failure, Barzani ad<strong>de</strong>d. The KDP<br />
had not been Informed either when Turkish<br />
or left northern Iraq, he said. ...<br />
troops entered:<br />
"I really don't un<strong>de</strong>rstan~ what the Turkish operation;<br />
was ab~ut. Everybody.<br />
fought lik<strong>et</strong>hat.'<br />
un<strong>de</strong>rstands<br />
.<br />
that guerrillas<br />
,<br />
can't<br />
.<br />
be<br />
He also said the KDP did not have much choice in helping<br />
Turkey fight fellow Kurds.<br />
. "We aren'~ p~sans any more. The time when we could<br />
cooperate With this. country and that country and change.<br />
relationships from one day to another has passed.<br />
"!'iowaday~ we need steady relationships with our neighbonng<br />
countnes, wh<strong>et</strong>her we want it or not" he ad<strong>de</strong>d.<br />
1'he v!sit by the KDP <strong>de</strong>legations follow~ increasing alle-'<br />
gallons m Turkey that Ankara wants to draw a new bor<strong>de</strong>r<br />
"Yith Iraq by "taking geographical realities into consi<strong>de</strong>ration."<br />
Ankara argues that although there is no political<br />
<strong>de</strong>c!sion op this, such a change<br />
regIOn easier.<br />
would make control in, the<br />
20
REH'E DL PRESSE-PRES' HE\'IEW-BEIWEVOKA ç.\/'Ê-RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA.BASIN ÖZETi<br />
--------~- --~-~-<br />
- -----~--~----------------------,<br />
L'Humanité - 3 mai 1995<br />
Asile bafoué<br />
~Kur<strong>de</strong>s ,<br />
renvoyes<br />
à Istanbul<br />
De notre correspondant.<br />
Hassan,cultiv~teur kur~<br />
avait montré à un médë-,<br />
cin eonroqué au centre <strong>de</strong><br />
rétention <strong>de</strong> Nice les stigmates<br />
<strong>de</strong>s tortures infligées par Ii<br />
soldatesque turque. fi avait ra~<br />
conté son village bombardé, sod<br />
bétail détimé, les bastonna<strong>de</strong>s<br />
publiques. te Pas <strong>de</strong> preuws à<br />
100 % II, a jugé l'OFPRA.<br />
Hassan a fait partie à la mi-avril<br />
<strong>de</strong> la première vague d'expulsés<br />
<strong>de</strong> France vers Istanbul. La préfecture<br />
<strong>de</strong>s Alpes-Maritimes ne<br />
communique pas le chiffre <strong>de</strong>s<br />
embarqués <strong>de</strong> force, <strong>de</strong>ux fois par<br />
semalDe, dans les a,ions <strong>de</strong> la<br />
honte. Selon la CIMADE, seule<br />
association tolérée au centre <strong>de</strong><br />
rétention, ils ont été 16 <strong>de</strong>puis le<br />
15 avril, puis 6 à la mile du<br />
,l'' niai <strong>et</strong> II hier. Consi4érés par<br />
j'administratioB fraiâçaise<br />
fomme<strong>de</strong>s immigrés eI8Ddéstins<br />
turcs, ils se r<strong>et</strong>roment Kor<strong>de</strong>s en<br />
.Turquie, c'est-à-dire en danger<br />
-<strong>de</strong> mort. Certaim, traînés mepottes<br />
aux poign<strong>et</strong>s sur la piste<br />
,<strong>de</strong> l'aéroport <strong>de</strong> Nice, refusent<br />
d'ailleurs <strong>de</strong> monter à bord <strong>de</strong>s<br />
avions <strong>de</strong> la Turkish Airlines.<br />
A un problème politique, la<br />
France fait une réponse policière.<br />
Les <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>s d'asile <strong>de</strong>s réfugiés<br />
kor<strong>de</strong>s sont, pour l'instant, systématiquement<br />
rej<strong>et</strong>ées par l'OF-<br />
PRA. Le directeur <strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong> office<br />
qui <strong>de</strong>vrait, théoriquement, s'inquiéter<br />
du sort <strong>de</strong>s réfugiés <strong>et</strong><br />
apatri<strong>de</strong>s, o'a pas craint, au<br />
cours <strong>de</strong> sa le mission <strong>d'information</strong>»<br />
à Nice, d'affirmer que son<br />
obiectif~t le d'enraJer lémouvement<br />
(d'exo<strong>de</strong>) <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> aïssua<strong>de</strong>r<br />
les Kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> venir en France II.<br />
Les anciens postes frontières entre<br />
la France <strong>et</strong> l'Italie sont<br />
oc:cupés par 130 CRS qui patrouillent<br />
<strong>de</strong> nuit dans la montagne<br />
mentonnaise. C<strong>et</strong>te chasse<br />
aux Kur<strong>de</strong>s se produit alors que<br />
la rupture est effectÏl'e entre le<br />
Conseil <strong>de</strong> l'Europe <strong>et</strong> la déléga-<br />
'fjQn parlementaire turque qui<br />
vappait à la porte <strong>de</strong> la CEE. La<br />
1rance livre ainsi <strong>de</strong>s réfugiés à<br />
l~"rs bourreaux qu'elle condamne<br />
par ailleurs !<br />
Côté italien, le problème s,e<br />
pose avec plus d'acuité, mais .il<br />
semble traité avec dàvantage<br />
d'humanité, l'Italie n'ayant p~<br />
intégré l'espace Schengen. Depuis<br />
que le campement <strong>de</strong> toile<br />
monté par la mairie <strong>de</strong> Vintimille<br />
avec l'ai<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> la Croix-Rou~r<br />
italienne a été fermé, les réfugirS<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>s (qui se.-aient <strong>de</strong>s millie,N<br />
à errer dans la Péninsule) trOOvent<br />
asile dans une église <strong>de</strong> la<br />
commune, ou se dispersent aux<br />
quatre lents <strong>de</strong> l'exil. La plupart<br />
cherchent à rallier l'Allemagne<br />
pô rési<strong>de</strong> une importante<br />
communauté kur<strong>de</strong>, le passage<br />
:par la France étant <strong>de</strong>venu syno-<br />
.nyme <strong>de</strong> gu<strong>et</strong>-apens.<br />
PHILIPPE JEROME<br />
TURQUIE. Le prési<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
Jure Sukynum IHmirel<br />
a <strong>de</strong>mandé mardi une<br />
modification du tracé <strong>de</strong> la<br />
frontière entre la Turquie <strong>et</strong><br />
l'Irak. le Il faut modifier ce tracé,<br />
a-t-il dit, <strong>de</strong> façon que la<br />
noulelle ligne <strong>de</strong>scen<strong>de</strong> au bas<br />
.<strong>de</strong>s montagnes, en territoire<br />
irakien, pour empêcher les<br />
infiltrations du PKK. Ilfi a<br />
accusé l'Occi<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>de</strong> vouloir<br />
m<strong>et</strong>tre eo application le traité <strong>de</strong><br />
,Sèvres (1920) qui prévoyait la<br />
création d'un Etalk\trcJe <strong>et</strong><br />
-estimé injuste que les principaux<br />
gÏ5ep1ents<strong>de</strong> pétrole se troUleot<br />
en técritoire lrakie~.<br />
Tra<strong>de</strong> Ban<br />
On Iran G<strong>et</strong>s<br />
Cold Shoul<strong>de</strong>l'<br />
FrOID Allies<br />
Europeans<br />
Call Move<br />
Counterproductive;<br />
Tokyo Awaits D<strong>et</strong>ails<br />
By Fred Barbash<br />
Washington Post Servi...-<br />
LONDON - Presi<strong>de</strong>nt Bill Clinton's<br />
proposal for a tra<strong>de</strong> ban on Iran received<br />
on Tuesday at best a cold reception -and<br />
in some cases outright rejection - from<br />
allies who tra<strong>de</strong> with Tehran.<br />
French, German and British officials<br />
said that sanctions were the wrong approach,<br />
saying they preferred what they<br />
called "critical dialogue."<br />
Jat>an, in the most receptive reaction,<br />
said It would study the i<strong>de</strong>a.<br />
And privately, diplomats were even<br />
Itlore blunt, saying that that Iran's trading<br />
panners in Europe ~d Asia have no inter:<br />
est, either commercial or political, in broad<br />
sanctions and regard them as counterproductive.<br />
Without cooperation, the tra<strong>de</strong>. ban announced<br />
by the Mr. Clinton on Sunday<br />
nisht is unlikely to have any significant<br />
.irripact.<br />
"The United States is out on a limb<br />
alone," said Vahe P<strong>et</strong>rossian, an expert on<br />
Iran with the Middle-East Economic Di.<br />
gest here.<br />
Mr, Clinton, labeling Iran a threat to<br />
peace in the Middle East and a major<br />
sponsor of terrorism, announcedm an address<br />
to the World Jewish Conaress that<br />
the United States would ban all .r-a<strong>de</strong> with<br />
Iran.<br />
The U.S. will press its allies over the next<br />
few weeks to review their traditional opposition<br />
to sanctions and join 1he cmberlo.<br />
Reaction on Tuesday suggested ialt Mr.<br />
Clinton would not have to wait that long.<br />
"We do not believe in unilateral<br />
embargoes,"<br />
said the French foreign miDister,<br />
Alain Juppé, at a I)CWS
REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ~RNISTA<br />
STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZETi<br />
U.S. requests. In ;act, the nucle-<br />
,ar reactors that Russia plans to<br />
selltolran wereoriginallv to be,<br />
built by Siemens of Germany.<br />
,Work was halted after the 1979,<br />
'Iranian revolution and, because<br />
of pressure from the United<br />
;itates. never resumed.<br />
But Mr: HubeI said he doubted<br />
if any European nation<br />
'would follow the sanctions<br />
route.<br />
The United States is "wasting<br />
its time," said Lindsay Horn, an<br />
energy expert with Lehman<br />
arothers in London. Refemng<br />
to the Iranians, he ad<strong>de</strong>d, "All<br />
, it's going to do is irri,tate t~e~:<br />
which-you can doqUlte easl!~.<br />
He called it "a gesture easily<br />
,ma<strong>de</strong>" that does not achieve<br />
anything economically.<br />
Clinton on a Limb: Congressional<br />
Pressure Spurred Iran Tra<strong>de</strong> Ban<br />
By ThomasW.<br />
Lippman<br />
Washington Pmt Sen'ice<br />
WASHINGTON - Presi<strong>de</strong>nt Bill Clinton's<br />
<strong>de</strong>cision to bar all U.S. tra<strong>de</strong> with Iran<br />
put the anti-Irancampaign squarely at the<br />
top of the administration's foreign policy<br />
agenda, placing at risk such treasured priori-<br />
,ties as cooperation with Russia, expansion of<br />
mark<strong>et</strong>s for Americilll goods. outreach to<br />
Islam and extension uf the Nuclear Nonproliferation<br />
Treaty.<br />
If the boycott fails to coerce Iran into<br />
changing its policies, fails to dissua<strong>de</strong> Russia<br />
from selling nuclear equipment to Iran and<br />
fails to persua<strong>de</strong> U.S. allies to restrict their<br />
own commerce with Tehran - all these are<br />
distinctly possible - the admil).istration will<br />
potentially haveun<strong>de</strong>rmined its other obje~tives<br />
and penalized U ,S. business for no gam<br />
other than to show the U.S. Congress that it<br />
was prepared to g<strong>et</strong> tough.<br />
Secr<strong>et</strong>arY of State Warr,en M~Christopher.><br />
used language Monday that left the administration<br />
little room to maneuver or r<strong>et</strong>reat<br />
gracefully. He called Iran an "outlaw state"<br />
that "simply cannot be permitted to g<strong>et</strong> its<br />
hands on nuclear weapons," and said that<br />
:Iran was responsible for "a' trail of carnage<br />
fromlkit Lid to Buenos Aires," referring to<br />
'terrorist attacks in Israel and Argentina for<br />
which Iranian responsibility has not been<br />
t'stablished.<br />
Mr. Christopher <strong>de</strong>liberately used such<br />
lal1guage because he is personally committed:<br />
:to blocking Iran's effort to.acquire nuclear<br />
weapons, a State Department official said.<br />
.:'The issue is so important that no one is'<br />
thinking about how to hedge," the official<br />
said.<br />
White House officials have acknowledged,<br />
however, that it was not,iust Iranian behavior<br />
that induced Mr.' Clinton to embrace the<br />
:toughest of the Iran policy options <strong>de</strong>veloped:<br />
for him by'his advisers, It was also pressure<br />
from the chairman of the Senate Banking<br />
çOmmittee, Alfonse M. D'Amata, Republi-<br />
;~an of New York, and othe,r members<br />
,Congress.<br />
of<br />
~..Mr. D'Amato and olhers are sponsoring a<br />
'measure that would go further than the presi-<br />
\}ent's forthcoming executive or<strong>de</strong>r, announced<br />
Sunday. Their bill would close U.S.<br />
mark<strong>et</strong>s to most foreign corporations doing<br />
business with Iran, imposing what administration<br />
officials call a "secondary boycott."<br />
U,S. allies such as Germany, Japan an
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
Libre Belgique - 3 mai 1995<br />
--ENI<br />
BREF'---<br />
• TURQUIE. Le prâi<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
veut modifier 'a frontière<br />
avec "'rak. Alors que les<br />
Turcs ont r<strong>et</strong>iré la majeuœ<br />
partie <strong>de</strong> leurs troupes d'Irak,<br />
leur prési<strong>de</strong>nt, M. Demirel,<br />
<strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>' que la frontière<br />
'entre son pays <strong>et</strong> l'Irak, qui<br />
passe sur les montagnes, <strong>de</strong>scen<strong>de</strong><br />
«au pied» <strong>de</strong> j:elles-ci<br />
'« en territoire irakien, pour<br />
em~herks in/iltr.:itt9ns »'<strong>de</strong><br />
rebelles, kur.<strong>de</strong>s; Ces déclarationsont<br />
été publiées mardi<br />
par la presse turque. Selon<br />
M. Demirel, la frontière actuelle«<br />
est la ligne du pétrok;<br />
la Turquie c0"1-mence là où 1'1<br />
pétrole finit », ~. Demirel affirme<br />
que la' province iJ'à~<br />
kienne <strong>de</strong> MosSoui ;. n'a ptù<br />
été laisséè à l'Irak» par lè<br />
traité <strong>de</strong> Lausanne (1923, re-~<br />
connaissant l'Etat turc fondé<br />
par Ataturk) <strong>et</strong> que Mossoul<br />
«appartient encore à la Turquie<br />
», (AFP)<br />
FRS0748 4 I 0286 IRK /AFP-DQ93<br />
Irak-Turquie<br />
L'Irak s'opposera à toute modification <strong>de</strong> sa frontière avec la Turquie<br />
BAGDAD, 4 mai (AFP) - L'Irak s'opposera par tous les moyens à la<br />
modification <strong>de</strong> sa frontière avec la Turquie, a annoncé jeudi le Conseil <strong>de</strong><br />
comman<strong>de</strong>ment <strong>de</strong> la révolution (CCR, plus haute instance dirigeante).<br />
"L'Irak fera face à toute action <strong>de</strong> ce genre, avec tous les moyens<br />
~égitimes", a affirmé un porte-parole du CCR cité par l'agence officielle<br />
INA.<br />
"L'Irak refuse d'examiner c<strong>et</strong>te question <strong>et</strong> m<strong>et</strong> en gar<strong>de</strong> la Turquie<br />
contre toute action unilatérale <strong>de</strong> nature à modifier la frontière", a<br />
ajouté le porte-parole du CCR, instance dirigée par le prési<strong>de</strong>nt Saddam<br />
Hussein.<br />
Le prési<strong>de</strong>nt turc Suleyman Demirel avait affirmé mardi qu'il "fallait<br />
corriger la frontière <strong>de</strong> façon à ce que la nouvelle ligne <strong>de</strong>scen<strong>de</strong> au pied<br />
<strong>de</strong>s montagnes en territoire irakien pour empêcher les infiltrations" <strong>de</strong>s<br />
militants du Parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs du Kurdistan (PKK), une formation<br />
séparatiste kur<strong>de</strong> turque.<br />
M. Demirel avait ajouté que la province riche en pétrole <strong>de</strong> Mossoul,<br />
dans le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak, "appartient encore à la Turquie".<br />
Le porte-parole du CCR a ajouté que la <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> turque d'une modification<br />
.<strong>de</strong>s frontières était un "objectif recherché par la mise en place en 1991<br />
d'une zone d'exclusion aérienne au-<strong>de</strong>ssus du nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak" par <strong>de</strong>s avions<br />
américains, britanniques <strong>et</strong> français basés en Turquie.<br />
Il a invité la France "à définir sa position au suj<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> la<br />
d'exclusion <strong>et</strong> à m<strong>et</strong>tre fin à sa participation symbolique dans<br />
place <strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong>te zone, afin <strong>de</strong> concrétiser l'attachement qU'elle<br />
exprimé au suj<strong>et</strong> du respect <strong>de</strong> la souverain<strong>et</strong>é <strong>de</strong> l'Irak <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />
intégrité<br />
mchjsp<br />
AFP /J00245/041934<br />
territoriale".<br />
MAI 95<br />
zone<br />
la mise en<br />
a toujours<br />
son<br />
23
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
AaenceF[a~ceP[esse - A.F P. .A38nCeFra::cePresse - A.f:P .AgenceFranC2PreSSe - A FP. . A~~ilCsF:&;.csPles:e- A F.P. .Age:.ceFrar.ceP:ssse - AH -Açer;ŒFrancePresse - AFP .<br />
" J<br />
FRS09594-1 0315 USA /AFP-WG92<br />
USA-Turquie-Irak -<br />
Washington refuse toute modification <strong>de</strong> la frontière irako-turque par<br />
la force<br />
WASHINGTON, 3 mai (AFP)- Les Etats-unis sont opposés à "toute tentative<br />
pour modifier par la force" les frontières internationales <strong>de</strong> l'Irak, a<br />
souligné mercredi le département d'Etat en réaction à la <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> turque<br />
d'un nouveau tracé <strong>de</strong> sa frontière nord avec l'Irak.<br />
Le prési<strong>de</strong>nt turc Suleyman Demirel avait affirmé mardi qu'il "fallait<br />
corriger la frontière <strong>de</strong> façon à ce que la nouvelle ligne <strong>de</strong>scen<strong>de</strong> au pied<br />
<strong>de</strong>s montagnes en territoire irakien pour empêcher les infiltrations" du<br />
Parti <strong>de</strong>s Travailleurs du Kurdistan (PKK, séparatiste). Il avait ajouté que<br />
la province pétrolière <strong>de</strong> Mossoul, dans le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak, "appartient<br />
encore à la Turquie". .<br />
Depuis la fin <strong>de</strong> -la guerre du Golfe en mars 1991, les Etats-Unis ont<br />
"toujours soutenu <strong>et</strong> reconnu les frontières internationales <strong>de</strong> l'Irak", a<br />
rappelé le porte~parole du département d'Etat Nicholas Burns.<br />
Il a ajouté que les Etats-unis n'avaient été informés d'''aucune<br />
proposition spécifique, ou même en termes généraux, pour modifier les<br />
frontières <strong>de</strong> l'Irak". .<br />
Il a cependant noté que Washington <strong>et</strong> ses alliés dans la guerre du Golfe<br />
avaient, en m<strong>et</strong>tant en place l'opération Provi<strong>de</strong> Comfort dans le nord <strong>de</strong><br />
l'Irak, "décidé que l'Irak n'était pas capable, <strong>et</strong> n'est toujours pas<br />
capable, d'exercer une autorité sur la partie nord" <strong>de</strong> son territoire, en<br />
particulier vis-à-vis <strong>de</strong> sa population kur<strong>de</strong>.<br />
Le mi~istère irakien <strong>de</strong>s Affaires étrangères a convoqué mercredi le<br />
..chargé d'affaires turc à Bagdad <strong>et</strong> lui a <strong>de</strong>mandé <strong>de</strong>s "clarifications<br />
officielles" ~ur les propos <strong>de</strong> M. Demirel.<br />
Ankara avait lancé le 20 mars une vaste offensive dans le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak<br />
contre le PKK. La Turquie a annoncé mardi la fin <strong>de</strong> la "principale partie"<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'opération <strong>et</strong> a rapatrié le tiers <strong>de</strong> ses troupes environ.-<br />
avz/rok/frb/mmr<br />
AFP /J00245/032343. MAI 95<br />
Le Mon<strong>de</strong>- 4 mai 1995<br />
An-kara <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> un nouveau<br />
tracé <strong>de</strong> sa frontière avec l'Irak.<br />
LE PRÉSIDENT TURC, SuleYman Demirel, a <strong>de</strong>mandé, mardi 2 mai,.<br />
un nouveau tracé <strong>de</strong> la frontière turco-irakienne pour empêcher les in"<br />
filtrations <strong>de</strong> rebelles kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> 1\1rquie <strong>de</strong>puis le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak. Dans<br />
_<strong>de</strong>s déclarations publiées par la presse turque. M. Demirel a affirmé.<br />
que la province <strong>de</strong> Mossoul appartenait «encore à la Thrquie ». Le prési<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
turc a par ailleurs accus;é l'Occi<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>de</strong> vouloir rem<strong>et</strong>tre en al'"<br />
plication le traité <strong>de</strong> Sèvres <strong>de</strong> 1920 démembrant l'empire ottoman <strong>et</strong><br />
qui n'a jamais été reconnu par Ankara .. _ _ - _<br />
D'autre part, l'état-major <strong>de</strong>s forces armées turques a annoncé, samedi<br />
29 avril,la création, cc pour six mois », d'une zone <strong>de</strong> sécurité dans la<br />
région <strong>de</strong>Kars pour empêcher les incursions <strong>de</strong>s maquisards du PKK<br />
(~ <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs du Kurdistan) qui se seraient réfugiés en Armé~<br />
nie, après le début <strong>de</strong> l'intervention turque dans le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak, lQ<br />
20 mars. - (AFP' ltar"Tass.)<br />
24
'.<br />
'.<br />
$ftqIo"'" Onsdag 3. mai 1995<br />
UTLAND<br />
~<br />
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Fro Mitterrand vil gi<br />
Fredsprisen tiI kor<strong>de</strong>r<br />
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iOslo: - Gi FredspriseO<br />
for iAr illkur<strong>de</strong>ren<br />
LeylaZana.<br />
.MAQIANN NORDSTR"M<br />
TOR JARILD (foto)<br />
Med sitt sterke engasjement<br />
for :kur<strong>de</strong>rnes sak besf1lkte<br />
<strong>de</strong>n franske presi<strong>de</strong>ntfruen<br />
Dartielle Mitterrand Oslo i<br />
gär. Hun had<strong>de</strong> med seg solid<br />
dokumentasjon om <strong>de</strong> tyrkiske<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>rnes vanskelige situasjon.<br />
- Over 2000 kurdiske landsby<strong>et</strong><br />
er nâ evakuert, brent ned<br />
og 'Utra<strong>de</strong>rt fra kart<strong>et</strong> som<br />
ff1l1geav <strong>de</strong>n brente jords taktiklt<br />
tyrkerne brukte i<strong>de</strong>n<br />
kuidiske provinsen. Over tre<br />
millioner mennesker er jag<strong>et</strong><br />
pA:ttukt. PA to ê:rer 3840 kurdiske<br />
<strong>de</strong>mokrati-aktivister<br />
drept av mystiske dl1ldsskvadroner<br />
eller som ff1l1geav tortur.<br />
Hvordan kan <strong>de</strong>tte stanses?<br />
spf1lrhun .<br />
0verst pA:listen aven lang<br />
rekke mf1lteri Oslo sto besf1lk<strong>et</strong><br />
i Nobellnstitutt<strong>et</strong>. Der<br />
mf1ltteDanielle Mitterrand direktf1lr<br />
Oeir Lun<strong>de</strong>stad for A:<br />
overbrtnge dOkumentasjon<br />
om <strong>de</strong>n kurdiske politikeren<br />
Leyla Zanas arbei<strong>de</strong> for mennesker<strong>et</strong>tigh<strong>et</strong>er<br />
og <strong>de</strong>mokratisk<br />
sameksistens mellom<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>re og tyrkere.<br />
Zana sitter fengsl<strong>et</strong> i Tyrkia<br />
si<strong>de</strong>n i (lor, df1lmtil15 ê:rfor A:<br />
ha talt kur<strong>de</strong>rnes sak. Sammen<br />
med henne sitter syv<br />
andre kurdiske parlamentarikere,<br />
som er df/Jmtfor forrre<strong>de</strong>ri.<br />
Norsk stBtte<br />
Seks norske stortingsrepresentanter<br />
har tidligere foreslätt<br />
Zana som kandidat til<br />
Nobels fredspris, og en rekke<br />
tidligere prisvinnere stiller<br />
seg bak kandidatur<strong>et</strong>.<br />
Danielle Mitterrand kjenner<br />
Leyla Zana personlig.<br />
- Hun er kur<strong>de</strong>rnes ypperste<br />
symbol pA: fre<strong>de</strong>lig motstandskamp.<br />
Hun er en svrert<br />
modig kvinne og vil, om hun<br />
fê:rprisen, bli <strong>de</strong>n ff/Jrstemuslimske<br />
kvinne som fê:r<strong>de</strong>nne<br />
reren, sa fru Mitterrand tilAftenposten.<br />
Den franske presi<strong>de</strong>ntfruen<br />
har i mange ê:r vrert aktiv<br />
mennesker<strong>et</strong>tsaktivist. Hun<br />
er presi<strong>de</strong>nt iDen internas jonale<br />
komitéen for fl"igivelsen<br />
av fengsle<strong>de</strong> kurdiske parlamentarikere,<br />
som hun start<strong>et</strong><br />
i <strong>Paris</strong> nylig sammen moo <strong>de</strong><br />
tidligere fredsprisvinnere Os-<br />
.car Arias Sanchez, Mairead<br />
Corrigan, Dalai Lama, Desmond<br />
Tutu, Adolfo Perez Esquivel<br />
og B<strong>et</strong>ty Will1ams.FormâI<strong>et</strong><br />
er A:samordne <strong>de</strong>n internasjonale<br />
innsatsen for A:<br />
fâ <strong>de</strong> fengsle<strong>de</strong> kurdiske parlamentarikerne<br />
satt frio<br />
Anita Apeltun Srele (Kr.n<br />
som er le<strong>de</strong>r for Storting<strong>et</strong>s<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>rgruppe, sier til Menposten<br />
at gruppen stf/Jtter<br />
Mitterrands arbei<strong>de</strong>.<br />
Frankrlkes ff/Jrstedame er<br />
ogsA: le<strong>de</strong>r for <strong>de</strong>n franske<br />
mennesker<strong>et</strong>tsorganisasjonen<br />
France-Liberté, og kur<strong>de</strong>rnes<br />
skjebne har i over <strong>et</strong><br />
tiê:r vrert blant hennes bjertesaker.<br />
Engasjement<strong>et</strong> ble forf1Ivrigvekk<strong>et</strong><br />
da organisas jonen<br />
fikk rapporter om Leyla<br />
Zanas mann, Mehdi Zana,<br />
som risikerte df/Jdsstraff for A:<br />
ha snakk<strong>et</strong> kurdisk i sin kurdiske<br />
bjemby. Mennesker<strong>et</strong>tsaktivistenes<br />
innsats ff1lrt<strong>et</strong>il<br />
at han fikk 36 ê:rs fengsel, senere<br />
omgjort til 26.<br />
Danielle Mitterrand erkjenner<br />
at posisjonen som presi<strong>de</strong>ntfrue<br />
har bjulp<strong>et</strong> henne til<br />
A: komme i kontakt med<br />
«maktens mennesker».<br />
AKmIIST: Fmnkrllces ferstedame Danielle Mitterrsnd leverte doIeumentssjon<br />
fil NobeIlnstitutl<strong>et</strong> om sin personlige fr8cIsprls-kandldst,<br />
kurdlslce Ley/B Z8na.<br />
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REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
A.F.P. - AgenceFrancePresse - A.F.P. - AgenceFrancePresse - A.F.P. - AgenceFrancePresse - A.F.P. - AgenceFrancePresse<br />
FRS0534 4 I 0388 SUE /AFP-TU18<br />
France-Kur<strong>de</strong>s-Nobel<br />
Mme Mitterrand pour l'attribution du prix Nobel <strong>de</strong> la paix à un député<br />
kur<strong>de</strong> turc<br />
STOCKHOLM, 3 mai (AFP) - L'épouse du prési<strong>de</strong>nt François Mitterrand, Mme<br />
Danielle Mitterrand, a plaidé auprès du Comité Nobel norvégien en faveur <strong>de</strong><br />
la candidature d'un député kur<strong>de</strong> turc, Mme Leyla Zana, condamnée à 15 ans<br />
<strong>de</strong> prison, au prix Nobel <strong>de</strong> la paix 1995, a-t-elle annoncé mercredi.<br />
Mme Zana "le mérite, pour elle <strong>et</strong> la population qu'elle représente, pour<br />
son courage <strong>et</strong> son sacrifice", a estimé Mme Mitterrand, lors d'une visite à<br />
Stockholm, au len<strong>de</strong>main <strong>de</strong> son passage<br />
Si la prestigieuse récompense était<br />
en Norvège.<br />
décernée, en octobre prochain, à ce<br />
député, "ce serait pour le prix Nobel une gran<strong>de</strong> ouverture vers le mon<strong>de</strong><br />
musulman, Leyla Zana représentant les musulmans non fondamentalistes",<br />
a-t-elle ajouté lors d'une conférence <strong>de</strong> presse.<br />
"Elle aussi est très représentative <strong>de</strong> ce genre <strong>de</strong> femmes qui, à<br />
l'instar d'une Aung San Suu Kyi (prix Nobel <strong>de</strong> la paix 1991, Birmanie) <strong>et</strong><br />
d'une Rigoberta Menchu (Nobel 1992, Guatémala),<br />
libertés <strong>et</strong> leur reconnaissance dans le mon<strong>de</strong>",<br />
se battent pour<br />
a poursuivi Mme<br />
leurs<br />
Mitterrand,<br />
qui milite pour la libération du député.<br />
La prési<strong>de</strong>nte <strong>de</strong> la fondation France Libertés a précisé avoir discuté<br />
mardi à Oslo <strong>de</strong> la candidature <strong>de</strong> Mme Zana avec le secrétaire du Comité<br />
Nobel, Geir Lun<strong>de</strong>stad. "Je me suis gardée d'offenser son indépendance, mais<br />
je n'ai pas pu m'empêcher <strong>de</strong> lui apporter <strong>de</strong>s documents <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s éléments" en<br />
faveur <strong>de</strong> Mme Zana, a-t-elle souligné.<br />
Selon elle, trois lauréats du prix Nobel <strong>de</strong> la paix, Oscar Arias Sanchez<br />
(1987), Adolfo Perez Esquivel (1980) <strong>et</strong> B<strong>et</strong>ty Williams (1976), soutiennent<br />
également c<strong>et</strong>te candidature, proposée en janvier par six parlementaires<br />
norvégiens.<br />
Elle a été condamnée en décembre <strong>de</strong>rnier par la Cour <strong>de</strong> sûr<strong>et</strong>é <strong>de</strong> l'Etat<br />
d'Ankara pour "création <strong>et</strong> appartenance à ban<strong>de</strong> armée" avec sept autres<br />
députés kur<strong>de</strong>s, accusés d'activités séditieuses <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> liens avec le Parti<br />
<strong>de</strong>s travailleurs du Kurdistan (PKK, séparatiste), en guerre contre les<br />
autorités centrales turques.<br />
Mme Mitterrand s'est rendue en Norvège <strong>et</strong> en Suè<strong>de</strong> pour oeuvrer à la<br />
création dans ces pays <strong>de</strong> sections nationales du Comité international pour<br />
la libération <strong>de</strong>s députés kur<strong>de</strong>s emprisonnés en Turquie, qu'elle prési<strong>de</strong>.<br />
ajb/jpa/cc<br />
AFP /J00245/031635 MAI 95<br />
A.F.P. - AgenceFrancePresse - A.F.P. - AgenceFrancePresse - A.F.P. - AgenceFrancePresse - A.F.P. - AgenceFrancePresse<br />
26
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VlSÎteàune démocrate emprisonnée<br />
Sylfie Jan, prési<strong>de</strong>nte<br />
<strong>de</strong> la Fédération<br />
internationale<br />
démocratique<br />
<strong>de</strong>s femmes, <strong>et</strong><br />
la députée européenne<br />
Aline Pailler ont<br />
rencontré dans sa<br />
prison Leyla Zana,<br />
une parlementaire<br />
emprisonnée pour s'être<br />
prononcée en fafeur<br />
d'un règlement<br />
pacifique du conDit au<br />
Kurdistan <strong>de</strong> Turquie.<br />
SYLVIE JAN, prési<strong>de</strong>nte <strong>de</strong><br />
la Fédération internationale<br />
démocratique <strong>de</strong>s femmes <strong>et</strong><br />
responsable <strong>de</strong> l'Union <strong>de</strong>s femmes<br />
françaises (UFF), vient <strong>de</strong> se<br />
rendre à Ankara en compagnie<br />
d'Aline Pailler, députée européenne<br />
du groupe <strong>de</strong> la Gauche<br />
unitaire. Les <strong>de</strong>ux personnalités<br />
ont rencontré Leyla Zana <strong>et</strong> les<br />
cinq autres parlementaires turcs<br />
condamnés par la Cour <strong>de</strong> sûr<strong>et</strong>é<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'Etat à la fin <strong>de</strong> l'année<br />
<strong>de</strong>rnière.<br />
Ces démocrates ont été emprisonnés<br />
pour avoir défendu, en<br />
tant que députés, les idées pour<br />
lesquelles ils avaient été élus<br />
régulièrement par la population<br />
du Kur-distan <strong>de</strong> Turqpiç. Leur<br />
Il<br />
~ "-<br />
Leyle Zana (au premier plan), face à ses cc juges .. militaires <strong>de</strong> la Cour <strong>de</strong> sOr<strong>et</strong>é d'Ankara.<br />
« crime» consistait à lutter, par 'Voici le texte que nous ont <strong>de</strong>rnier, qui l'a condamnée à<br />
la parole, pour un règlement adressé Sylvie Jan <strong>et</strong> Aline quinze ans <strong>de</strong> prison pour délit<br />
pacifique du conflit qui ensan- PaiDer: d'opinion. Belle, brillante<br />
glante l'est <strong>de</strong> la Turquie, <strong>et</strong> pour « Nous venons <strong>de</strong> ren~ntre~ d'énergie ,<strong>et</strong>, ~e déte~~tion,<br />
le respect <strong>de</strong> l'i<strong>de</strong>ntité <strong>de</strong>s douze ~yla .Zana dans sa ~nso~ a elle nous rep<strong>et</strong>e : « Je SuISlà pour<br />
millions <strong>de</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> Turquie 1 occasIon <strong>de</strong> ~n anDl~rsaJre. les Kur<strong>de</strong>s comme pour les Turdans<br />
le cadre <strong>de</strong> l'Etat turc. Elle a, ce 4 mal, t~nte-c1Dq ans. ques.» Leyla Za~ nous a parlé<br />
. Nous avons pu 1embrasser <strong>et</strong> ave:: force du role <strong>de</strong>s femmes<br />
Parnll eux, Leyla Zana, dont parler durant une heure trente. da l'bist' t litt d<br />
l<br />
" M hd' . . d ns OIre eau e u<br />
~oux, . e l, a.ncl~n ma!re e . Leyla n'a ~as changé ~epuis le . peuple kur<strong>de</strong>, <strong>de</strong>s nécessaires<br />
DiyarbakIr, est IUI-meme <strong>de</strong>tenu. Jour du verdict, le 8 <strong>de</strong>cembre solidarités réciproql¥lS entre les<br />
œmmmmm<br />
'VENDREDI 5 MAI 1995<br />
femmes <strong>et</strong> les peuples à l'écheUé<br />
internationale. que nous partageons <strong>et</strong> qui nous<br />
pent blessé, il <strong>de</strong>vient trés dangereux.<br />
chemin, cela représenterait pour<br />
nous, pour tous les défenseurs <strong>de</strong><br />
pas le moment <strong>de</strong> cé-<strong>de</strong>r. »<br />
Les milliers <strong>de</strong><br />
messages qui lui sont parvenus<br />
l'ai<strong>de</strong>nt beaucoup moralement.<br />
Son avocat, <strong>Paris</strong>.le E Yazar, se 4 juin prochain rendra à<br />
à l'occasion<br />
du 50' anniv<strong>et</strong>'saire <strong>de</strong><br />
l'UFF pour témoigner, s'il n'est<br />
pas à son tour arrêté <strong>et</strong> emprisonné<br />
comme <strong>de</strong> nombreux autres<br />
avocats.<br />
Nous avons aussi rencontré<br />
son mari, Mehdi lana, <strong>et</strong> les<br />
autres nés. Nos parlementaires échanges ont condamnés.<br />
beaucoup<br />
porté sur l'Europe. Contrairement<br />
à ce qu'avait déclaré Bernard<br />
Kouchner récemment à la<br />
presse, Leyla Zana <strong>et</strong> Mehdi lana .I:<br />
ont une fois <strong>de</strong> plus <strong>de</strong>mandé à<br />
tous les parlementaires euro-'<br />
péens (( <strong>de</strong> ne pas cé<strong>de</strong>r »; •.<br />
concernant les exigences expri- .<br />
mées à l'égard du gouvernement<br />
<strong>de</strong> la Turquie. (( Il est nécessairtl<br />
pour nous que la Turquie entre<br />
dans l'Europe mais à la condition<br />
qu'elle cesse <strong>de</strong> violer les<br />
droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme comme elle<br />
continue <strong>de</strong> le faire. LeS prises <strong>de</strong><br />
position du Parlement européen<br />
donnent espoir ten<strong>de</strong>nt aussi la<br />
situation. C'est comme un serpent<br />
Si vous vous arrêtiez en<br />
la démocratie, un terrible recul.<br />
Nous insistons, ce n'est surtout<br />
N<br />
'J<br />
N<br />
trJ ...,<br />
-.
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
FRS0747 4 I 0296 GRB /AFP-DQ63<br />
GB-Allemagne-Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
Jugement ajourné sur une extradition <strong>de</strong> Kani Yilmaz vers l'Allemagne<br />
LONDRES, 4 mai (AFP) - La justice britannique a ajourné jeudi jusqu'au<br />
Il.mai sa décision sur la <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> d'extradition déposée par Bonn contre le<br />
représentant en Europe du Parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs du Kurdistan (PKK), Kani<br />
Yilmaz, a-t-on appris auprès du Centre <strong>d'information</strong> du Kurdistan à<br />
Londres.<br />
Des manifestants pour les droits <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s en Europe s'étaient<br />
rassemblés dès le début <strong>de</strong> la journée <strong>de</strong>vant la cour <strong>de</strong> justice <strong>de</strong><br />
Thamesmead, dans le sud-est <strong>de</strong> Londres, <strong>et</strong> "environ 500" personnes<br />
poursuivaient leur manifestion en fin d'après-midi <strong>de</strong>vant le ministère <strong>de</strong><br />
l'Intérieur, selon un porte-parole.<br />
M. Yilmaz, dont le vrai nom est Faysal Dunlayici, avait été interpellé<br />
le 26 octobre <strong>de</strong>rnier à la station <strong>de</strong> métro Westminster <strong>de</strong> Londres alors<br />
qu'il se rendait à un ren<strong>de</strong>z-vous pour s'adresser à <strong>de</strong>s parlementaires<br />
britanniques à l'invitation d'un député travailliste, John Austin Walker.<br />
Les autorités britanniques avaient estimé que sa présence était<br />
.contraire aux "intérêts <strong>de</strong> la sécurité nationale" <strong>et</strong> avaient annoncé leur<br />
intention <strong>de</strong> l'expulser avant que Bonn ne présente sa <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong><br />
'd'extradition.<br />
Le dirigeant kur<strong>de</strong> a été interné <strong>de</strong>puis son arrestation dans une prison<br />
<strong>de</strong> Haute sécurité dans le sud-ouest <strong>de</strong> Londres.<br />
M. Yilmaz a été présenté à plusieurs reprises <strong>de</strong>vant <strong>de</strong>s magistrats<br />
britanniques, mais son jugement a été repoussé à chaque fois.<br />
Kani Yilmaz est poursuivi par la justice alleman<strong>de</strong> en tant que membre<br />
d'une "organisation terroriste". Le PKK est interdit en Allemagne <strong>de</strong>puis le<br />
26 novembre 1993. La <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> d'extradition précise que M. Yilmaz est<br />
recherché pour son implication dans une conspiration d'incendie volontaire.<br />
pj/mb/cc<br />
AFP/J0024S/041933 MAI 95<br />
Aas;.seFrar,csPresse<br />
,<br />
- AFP. .A~2~,:sFra~.C2P~SSSe<br />
.<br />
- MP. .AJei:CsF[a:~cePresse- ArP. . AJei:Cœra:!C2P~esse- A?P 'AgenceFrancePresse - A.i? .A~2:ceFrar:ceP~2sse- Ar? ..<br />
28
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
FRS0591 4 I 0410 TUR /AFP-CT65<br />
: Turquie-Irak-Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
L'opération turque en Irak: bilan mitigé au plan militaire, négatif au<br />
plan diplomatique<br />
ANKARA, 4 mai (AFP) - La Turquie a annoncé jeudi que la plupart <strong>de</strong> ses<br />
troupes avaient été r<strong>et</strong>irées du nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak, m<strong>et</strong>tant fin à une vaste<br />
opération contre les rebelles kur<strong>de</strong>s dont le bilan pour Ankara est jugé<br />
mitigé sur le plan militaire <strong>et</strong> coûteux sur le plan diplomatique.<br />
Le ministre <strong>de</strong> la Défense Mehm<strong>et</strong> Golhan a même affirmé que la totalité<br />
<strong>de</strong>s troupes avaient été rapatriées. Mais le vice-Premier ministre Hikm<strong>et</strong> .<br />
C<strong>et</strong>in a indiqué qu'il restait encore "un p<strong>et</strong>it nombre" <strong>de</strong> troupes turques<br />
dans le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak, sans préciser combien.<br />
L'''Opération Acier", lancée le 20 mars avec 35.000 soldats appuyés par<br />
les blindés <strong>et</strong> l'aviation, n'a pas permis d'atteindre le but initialement<br />
défini: "tuer" les 2.400 à 2.800 militants armés du Parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs<br />
du Kurdistan (PKK, séparatiste) qui, selon l'état-major ~urc, utilisaient<br />
c<strong>et</strong>te région comme base arrière pour mener <strong>de</strong>s attaques en territoire turc.<br />
Le bilan officiel <strong>de</strong>s pertes infligées au PKK est en eff<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> 555 morts<br />
<strong>et</strong><br />
13 prisonniers.<br />
De nombreux analystes ont estimé que l'opération, préparée<br />
date, n'avait pas bénéficié <strong>de</strong> l'eff<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> surprise <strong>et</strong> que les<br />
avaient eu le temps <strong>de</strong> se m<strong>et</strong>tre à l'abri en franchissant les<br />
syrienne ou iranienne, voire en repassant en Turquie.<br />
MAI 95<br />
<strong>de</strong> longue<br />
hommes du PKK<br />
frontières<br />
L'état-major turc a néanmoins affirmé que l'opération avait été un plein<br />
succès.<br />
Sur le plan diplomatique en revanche, le bilan est beaucoup plus négatif<br />
pour Ankara. A l'exception <strong>de</strong>s Etats-Unis qui l'ont soutenu globalement,<br />
l'opération lui a valu les critiques, parfois très dures, <strong>de</strong>s pays<br />
occi<strong>de</strong>ntaux, l'Allemagne étant le plus en pointe.<br />
D'une manière générale, c<strong>et</strong>te opération a renforcé la mauvaise image<br />
d'Ankara en matière <strong>de</strong> respect <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'Homme. Elle a également<br />
accentué les critiques contre son approche exclusivement militaire du<br />
problème kur<strong>de</strong>.<br />
En conséquence, la Turquie est plus que jamais sur la sell<strong>et</strong>te,<br />
notamment auprès <strong>de</strong>s instances européennes. Le parlement européen l'a mise<br />
en <strong>de</strong>meure <strong>de</strong> démocratiser ses lois sans quoi il ne ratifiera pas l'accord<br />
d'union douanière signé par Ankara avec l'Union européenne. .<br />
Et l'assemblée parlementaire du Conseil <strong>de</strong> l'Europe lui a donné <strong>de</strong>ux<br />
mois pour "entamer la recherche d'une solution pacifique du problème kur<strong>de</strong>"<br />
sous peine d'être suspendue <strong>de</strong> l'organisation.<br />
HC/sp<br />
AFP /J00245/041749<br />
A- F P -.~>A F ,.p- -~.~~:A- -F P' .._-.-~:.A. F. -p. '--.~~A-" F -p. ---:~ A- .F- -p "--.:~<br />
29
_Bamk<br />
4<br />
MAI 1995<br />
,.<br />
TURQUIE-ARMENIE<br />
L'état major turc établit une<br />
"zone <strong>de</strong> sécurité" dans la province <strong>de</strong> Kars<br />
Sila Turquie a annoncé la<br />
levée du blocus aérien<br />
imposé <strong>de</strong>puis plus <strong>de</strong> 2<br />
ans à l'Arménie dont les<br />
avions pourront survoler prochainement<br />
le territoire turc, la levée du<br />
blocus terrestre, qui concerne sans<br />
doute plus étroitement les populations<br />
<strong>de</strong> part <strong>et</strong> d'autre <strong>de</strong> la frontière<br />
arméno-turque, est loin d'être à<br />
l'ordre du jour. Il n'est ainsi pas fortuit<br />
que quelques jours à peine<br />
après l'annonce à Washington par<br />
le Premier ministre turc Mme Tansu<br />
Ciller, <strong>de</strong> l'ouverture d'un couloir<br />
aérien pour les avions se rendant<br />
en Arménie, le chef d'État major<br />
<strong>de</strong>s forces armées turques a<br />
annoncé le verrouillage total <strong>de</strong> la<br />
région frontalière <strong>de</strong> Kars. Le chef<br />
d'état major turc, dont on se<br />
<strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> s'il n'est pas le véritable<br />
dirigeant d'une Turquie où la guerre<br />
contre les Kur<strong>de</strong>s a à nouveau<br />
déplacé vers l'armée le centre <strong>de</strong><br />
gravité du pouvoir, a en eff<strong>et</strong> fait<br />
.part samedi <strong>de</strong>rnier <strong>de</strong> la création<br />
d'une zone <strong>de</strong> sécurité dans la province<br />
<strong>de</strong> Kars, placée sous un<br />
quasi régime <strong>de</strong> loi martiale pour<br />
une durée <strong>de</strong> six mois. Dans sa<br />
déclaration, le responsable militaire<br />
turc a justifié c<strong>et</strong>te mesure par la<br />
nécessité <strong>de</strong> prévenir les infiltrations<br />
<strong>de</strong> rebelles du PKK sur le territoire<br />
turc <strong>de</strong>puis l'Arménie.<br />
L'argument <strong>de</strong> la préven-<br />
tion contre une menace kur<strong>de</strong> qui<br />
serait encouragée par l'Arménie<br />
n'est certes pas nouveau; mais<br />
alors que le gouvernement turc<br />
semble vouloir découpler le blocus<br />
imposé à l'Arménie du conflit azéroarménien,<br />
qui avait pourtant suscité<br />
le verrouillage <strong>de</strong>s frontières avec<br />
l'Arménie par Ankara, solidaire <strong>de</strong>s<br />
"frères d'Azerbaïdjan", il passe<br />
manifestement aujourd'hui au premier<br />
plan, justifiant .Ie maintien du<br />
blocus terrestre. Les forces <strong>de</strong><br />
sécurité turques ont en eff<strong>et</strong> affirmé<br />
récemment que <strong>de</strong>s rebelles<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>s s'étaient réfugiés en Iran <strong>et</strong><br />
en Arménie après la vaste offensive<br />
lancée le mois <strong>de</strong>rnier par l'armée<br />
turque dans le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak.<br />
Du 1er mai au 30 octobre,<br />
seuls les personnes munies d'un<br />
laissez-passer dûment fourni par<br />
les forces militaires pourront donc<br />
circuler dans la province <strong>de</strong> Kars,<br />
où <strong>de</strong>s tracts ont été par ailleurs<br />
distribués par les militaires à la<br />
population locale, l'appelant à se<br />
tenir éloignée <strong>de</strong>s montagnes <strong>et</strong> ~<br />
éviter les pâturages <strong>de</strong> haute montagne,<br />
soupçonnés <strong>de</strong> cacher <strong>de</strong>s<br />
repères <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s du PKK. Bien<br />
plus, pendant toute c<strong>et</strong>te pério<strong>de</strong>,<br />
la région sera entièrement livrée<br />
aux militaires turcs, déjà présents<br />
dans c<strong>et</strong>te région comme dans tout<br />
le sud-est anatolien en proie à la<br />
guerre totale lancée par les forces<br />
turques contre les rebelles kur<strong>de</strong>s,<br />
<strong>et</strong> où ils effectueront <strong>de</strong>s<br />
manoeuvres d'entraînement militaires.<br />
Là encore, au-<strong>de</strong>là <strong>de</strong> la<br />
guerre contre les Kur<strong>de</strong>s, on ne<br />
peut que souligner la coïnci<strong>de</strong>nce<br />
avec les exercices militaires<br />
conjoints menés récemment par les<br />
forces arméniennes <strong>et</strong> russes sur le<br />
territoire <strong>de</strong> l'Arméniè, auxquelles<br />
les forces turques apportent ainsi<br />
une réponse appropriée qui ne<br />
manquera sans doute pas <strong>de</strong> susciter<br />
<strong>de</strong>s commentaires à Moscou.<br />
C<strong>et</strong>te mesure annoncée<br />
par l'état-major turc trahit en tout<br />
cas les dispositions réelles <strong>de</strong> la<br />
Turquie à l'égard <strong>de</strong> l'Arménie dont<br />
elle ne semble pas à lever le blocus,<br />
malgré les rumeurs, voire les<br />
appels en ce sens, qui avaient<br />
couru notamment dans la presse<br />
turque. Elle vient minimiser l'eff<strong>et</strong><br />
d'annonce produit par un gouvernement<br />
turc otage <strong>de</strong>s militaires, favorables<br />
au maintien <strong>de</strong> la pression<br />
avec Erévan <strong>et</strong> insensible aux exigences<br />
<strong>de</strong> la population <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s responsables<br />
locaux <strong>de</strong> la province <strong>de</strong><br />
Kars, relayées par <strong>de</strong> nombreux<br />
analystes politiques <strong>et</strong> économiques<br />
turcs concernant les bénéfices<br />
économiques <strong>et</strong> politiques que<br />
pourrait tirer la Turquie d'une<br />
ouverture <strong>de</strong> la frontière avec<br />
l'Arménie <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s voies <strong>de</strong> communication<br />
reliant Kars à Gumri.<br />
30
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-.ßERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN OZETi<br />
A F P -~--.-.::' -- A .I:": "-F :w: " P .:::: - .... --- ,-, - A .. "F" - -p'-.-.- ---. A' . - F--'P''- . - ,,,,- -' ':- A' - - F' . -P ---. '--::,A."'.F.'.P-':.---'- .. _. .. ....<br />
.Iv." ...... •••• • v....<br />
FRS0521 4 l 0234 TUR /AFP-CK47<br />
Turquie-Europe<br />
Ankara convoque ses ambassa<strong>de</strong>urs en Europe<br />
ANKARA, 4 mai (AFP) - Le ministère turc <strong>de</strong>s affaires étrangères a<br />
convoqué ses ambassa<strong>de</strong>urs dans les capitales européennes pour <strong>de</strong>s<br />
consultations vendredi <strong>et</strong> samedi, alors qu'Ankara est la cible <strong>de</strong> fortes<br />
pressions européennes en faveur du respect <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme.<br />
Le ministère turc a annoncé jeudi que les relations <strong>de</strong> la Turquie avec<br />
les institutions <strong>et</strong> pays européens seraient au centre <strong>de</strong> ces entr<strong>et</strong>iens.<br />
Les relations entre Ankara <strong>et</strong> les instances européennes se sont<br />
notamment tendues après la décision <strong>de</strong>s parlementaires du Conseil <strong>de</strong><br />
l'Europe <strong>de</strong> recomman<strong>de</strong>r au Comité <strong>de</strong>s ministres (organe exécutif) la<br />
suspension <strong>de</strong> la Turquie <strong>de</strong> l'organisation si Ankara ne faisaient pas <strong>de</strong><br />
progrès en matière <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> démocratisation d'ici la fir<br />
juin.<br />
Selon les exigences <strong>de</strong> l'Assemblée, Ankara <strong>de</strong>vra avoir d'ici là "r<strong>et</strong>iré<br />
ses forces du nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak", entamé "la recherche d'une solution<br />
pacifique au problème kur<strong>de</strong>" <strong>et</strong> donné "un délai précis dans lequel la<br />
Turquie <strong>de</strong>vra rendre sa Constitution <strong>et</strong> sa législation conformes aux normes<br />
du Conseil <strong>de</strong> l'Europe".<br />
C<strong>et</strong>te mise en <strong>de</strong>meure a été repoussée catégoriquement par les<br />
parlementaires <strong>et</strong> le gouvernement turcs qui y voient "une ingérence<br />
inacceptable dans les affaires intérieures turques <strong>et</strong> une atteinte à la<br />
souverain<strong>et</strong>é nationale".<br />
YM/pt/cc<br />
AFP /J00245/041707 MAI Q~<br />
US State Department: Turkey <strong>de</strong>serves<br />
help of NATO allies in fight against PKK<br />
us supports PUK and KDP working out a solution in N. Iraq<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
WASHINGTON-<br />
A U.S. State Department official<br />
who asked to remain anonymous told a group of<br />
Turkish journalists on Tuesday that Turkey <strong>de</strong>served<br />
the help of other NATO members in its fight against<br />
the separatist Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK).<br />
Recently the N<strong>et</strong>herlands - a NATO memberallowed<br />
the formation of a Kurdish "parliament-inexile"<br />
in the Hague.<br />
The U.S. State Department <strong>de</strong>scribed the organization<br />
as a "PKK parlia!llent" an~ said ~t~id not ~ecog,~<br />
nize it. "We agree With the pnme minister (Çlller),<br />
the official said. "Turkey as a NATO ally <strong>de</strong>serves the<br />
support of all NATO members on the question.o,f,PKK<br />
terrorism. All NATO partners have a responsibility to<br />
help Turkey." ..<br />
As to the situation in northern Iraq, the offiCIaI<br />
again expressed that the State Department supported<br />
the Turkish appeal to the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan<br />
(PUK) 'and the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) to<br />
contain the PKK in the area.<br />
"We support any agreements the Kurds of northern<br />
Iraq work out to provi<strong>de</strong> more security to the people of<br />
northern Iraq. We don't believe in the Turkish govern-<br />
ment' s staying for a long term in Iraq. You know our<br />
position," the official said~<br />
"We at the same time support Turkey's continuing<br />
interest in fighting PKK terrorists," the official ad<strong>de</strong>d.<br />
"So if the Iraqi.Kurdish factions can finally work out<br />
some kind of agreement to <strong>de</strong>al with that problem, to<br />
protect the people of northern Iraq, that's in our interest."<br />
,<br />
Answering another question, the U.S. State<br />
Departmentofficial said that Pri'!le Ministe~ Tans~<br />
Çiller did not suggest any chan~es ill the Turkish-Iraqi<br />
bor<strong>de</strong>r during'her visit to Washington.<br />
U.S. State .D~p~ent spokes~an Nichol!l5 Bums<br />
reflected a slimIar vlewpomt dunng the dally press<br />
briefing. When asked his views ~egarding the security<br />
arrangement i~ the area, he said: m~.e~ery ~uch agree<br />
with the Turkish government that It ISm the mterest of<br />
the two main Kurdish factions in northern Iraq to provi<strong>de</strong><br />
security in northern Iraq so that the prob1em of<br />
PKK terrorism, which.emanates from insi<strong>de</strong> Turkey,<br />
can be eliminated.<br />
And that concern about PKK terrorism is som<strong>et</strong>hing<br />
that we share very <strong>de</strong>eply with the Turkish government."<br />
31
REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ~RIVISTA STAMPA~DENTRO DELA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZETi<br />
The Foreign<br />
Ministry<br />
in An.I{ara<br />
Turkey plotting new<br />
policy toward Europe<br />
Cori.sultations:Outraged by criticism from the<br />
West and the 'diplomatic' offensive of Kurds,<br />
Turkey recalls 17 ambassadors for consultations<br />
By N azlan Ertan! Turkish Daily News<br />
ANKARA- Rising voices of criticism from Europe, coupled with<br />
the diplomatic offensive of Kurdish activists in European capitals, are<br />
prompting Ankara to reassess its own foreign policy toward its<br />
Western allies.<br />
Seventeen Turkishambassadors based in Europe and in Moscow are<br />
expected to arrive in Ankara at the end of this week for two-day talks<br />
to assess the "Kurdish activists-Europe-Turkei' triangle and what<br />
Ankara can do about it.<br />
Some diplomatic sources said that -high-level<br />
diplomacy to counter the situation could be<br />
launchedquickly. This may start with Prime<br />
Minister Tansu Ciller attending the fifth anniv~r-<br />
. sary of World War II on M
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
Turkish Dairy News<br />
:<br />
J<br />
Thursday May 4, 1995<br />
Ya~ar Kemal, still faces jail threat<br />
Minister halts<br />
prosecutor's<br />
Kemal probe<br />
DGM: State Security<br />
Court inquiry on famous<br />
author to continue<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
ANKARA- Minister for Justice Mehm<strong>et</strong><br />
Mogultay, in a rare move on Wednesday, by<br />
using the powers vested in him, halted a judicial<br />
inquiry by the public prosecut?r on .the<br />
famous author Y~ar Kemal over an mtervlew<br />
he gave to the German Der Spi.egel on<br />
Turkey's Kurdish problem.<br />
The inquiry opened by the prosecutor of the<br />
State Security Court (DGM) against Kemal<br />
will, however, continue and, while<br />
there was no clarification of the<br />
matter, it is thought this is because<br />
the justice minister has no powers<br />
over the State Security Court.<br />
The inquiries on Kemal were<br />
opened because of allegations that<br />
he had promoted separatism with<br />
his remarks to Der Spiegel when<br />
responding to questions concerning<br />
Kurds in Turkey.<br />
Mo~ultay, a <strong>de</strong>puty from junior<br />
coalitIon partner the Republican<br />
People's Party (CHP), which is currently<br />
locked in a <strong>de</strong>ep <strong>de</strong>bate with<br />
senior coalition partner the True<br />
Path Party (DYP) on the issue of<br />
freedom of expression, cancelled<br />
the permission given by his ministry<br />
for the inquiry by the public<br />
prosecutor in Istanbul.<br />
As the reason for his <strong>de</strong>cision,<br />
Mogultay cited the heavy penalty<br />
that will be sought by the Istanbul<br />
State Security Court if Kemal is<br />
charged un<strong>de</strong>r Article 8 of the Anti-<br />
Terrorism Law.<br />
Mo#,ultay said that the penalty<br />
that wlll be sought un<strong>de</strong>r Article<br />
159 of the penal co<strong>de</strong> if the public<br />
prosecutor <strong>de</strong>ci<strong>de</strong>s to charge Kemal<br />
IS much lighter than what would be<br />
sought by the State Security<br />
Court.<br />
Thus this is not a situation where<br />
the public interest will be served,<br />
Mogultay is said to have indicated<br />
when issuing his or<strong>de</strong>r to close the<br />
file on Kemal. Un<strong>de</strong>r these circumstances<br />
Kemal will not face the<br />
prospect of facing charges of<br />
"<strong>de</strong>meaning the state by means of<br />
the press" but still faces the<br />
prospect of being charged un<strong>de</strong>r the<br />
currently much talked of Article 8<br />
?f the law on combatting terror-<br />
Ism.<br />
In other words, Ya~ar Kemal still<br />
stands a chance of facing trial for<br />
allegedly "disseminating propaganda<br />
on behalf of terrorism."<br />
US State Dept. believes Iraqi<br />
lea<strong>de</strong>r' Saddam Hussein will<br />
be in power for another year<br />
By Ugur Alanel<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
W ASHINGTON- A once-classified l<strong>et</strong>ter<br />
sent by Wendy R. Sherman, U.S.<br />
Assistant Secr<strong>et</strong>ary of State for Legislative<br />
Affairs, to Sen. Arlen Specter (Republican),<br />
chairman<br />
Committee<br />
of the U.S.<br />
on Intelligence<br />
Senate<br />
reveals<br />
Select<br />
that the<br />
State Department's intelli~ence analysts do<br />
not believe Saddam Hussem is about to fall<br />
from power soon - contrary to what has<br />
been maintained in public so far by quite a<br />
few top officials of the State Department.<br />
An unclassified copy of the March 10,<br />
1995 l<strong>et</strong>ter that TDN has obtained says<br />
"<strong>de</strong>spite indications that Saddam Hussein is<br />
increasinsly concerned about the internal<br />
situation m Iraq, he is likely to r<strong>et</strong>ain power<br />
for another year. One of the perverse<br />
strengths of Saddam' s regime is that he has<br />
involved many supporters in his numerous<br />
crimes against the Iraqi people. These individuals<br />
and 'groups fear for their lives and<br />
futures if he were to disappear from the<br />
scene; they have a strong stake in his survival."<br />
Sherman complained to Sen. Specter that<br />
"there is no question that Kurdish infighting<br />
un<strong>de</strong>rcuts international efforts to maintain a<br />
safe haven for the Kurds and other <strong>et</strong>hnic<br />
and religious groups in northern Iraq."<br />
Y<strong>et</strong> Sherman also pointed out a problem<br />
that lies in the way of the autonomy aspirations<br />
of the KurdIsh factions: ''Turkey and<br />
Iran will continue to oppose Iragi Kurd<br />
efforts to gain autonomy, prefernng that<br />
they should accept a r<strong>et</strong>urn to control from .<br />
Baghdad.<br />
After noting that "a new regime in<br />
Baghdad and the Kurds could reach out to<br />
one another in or<strong>de</strong>r to reestablish security<br />
throughout Iraq," Sherman also remarked<br />
that "at the same time, the Kurds have had<br />
their differences with every regime in<br />
Baghdad since the monarchy was overthrown<br />
in 1958."<br />
33
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVI.E:\¥-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
Türkische Truppen warten auf <strong>de</strong>n Rücktransport aus <strong>de</strong>m Nordirak. (Bild ap)<br />
Die türkische Operation im Nordirak been<strong>de</strong>t<br />
Offizielle Erklärung <strong>de</strong>s Verteidigungsministers<br />
it. Istanbul,<br />
4.Mai<br />
Der türkische Verteidigungsminister Mehm<strong>et</strong><br />
Gölhan hat am DonnerStag di<strong>et</strong>ürkische Militäroperation<br />
im Nordirak offiziell für abgeschlossen<br />
erklärt. Laut seinen Erläuterungen waren bis<br />
Donnerstag auch die l<strong>et</strong>zten 12 000 im Nordirak<br />
noch verbliebenen Soldaten Ankaras auf türkisches<br />
Territorium zurückgekehrt. Erstaunlicherweise<br />
wur<strong>de</strong> die Erklärung <strong>de</strong>s Verteidigungs-<br />
. ministers bis am späten Donnerstagnachmittag<br />
vom Büro <strong>de</strong>s Generalstabschefs nicht bestätigt.<br />
Dies liess in Ankara die Vermutung aufkommen,<br />
dass zwischen <strong>de</strong>r politischen und <strong>de</strong>r militärischen<br />
Führung in bezug auf die Operation Differenzen<br />
bestehen.<br />
Deutliche<br />
Signale<br />
Den bevorstehen<strong>de</strong>n Abschluss <strong>de</strong>r türkischen<br />
Militäroperation im Nordirak hatte die Regierungschefin<br />
Ciller bereits am vergangenen Dienstag<br />
signalisiert. Während einer Re<strong>de</strong> vor <strong>de</strong>r Parlamentsfraktion<br />
ihrer konservativen Partei <strong>de</strong>s<br />
Rechten Weges erklärte sie, die Türkei habe <strong>de</strong>rzeit<br />
nur noch drei Bataillone - rund 4000 Mann -<br />
im Nordirak stationiert. Es sei vorgesehen, diese<br />
sehr bald schon in die Türkei zurückzuverlegen.<br />
Als Hinweis auf einen unmittelbaren Truppenabzug<br />
galt weiter die Tatsache, dass am Dienstag<br />
auch das militärische Pressezentrum geschlossen<br />
wur<strong>de</strong>. Dieses Zentrum war nach <strong>de</strong>m Einmarsch<br />
<strong>de</strong>r türkischen Armee im Nordirak am 20. März<br />
in <strong>de</strong>r südostanatolischen Stadt Diyarbakir eröffn<strong>et</strong><br />
wor<strong>de</strong>n.Laut <strong>de</strong>r l<strong>et</strong>zten Erklärung <strong>de</strong>s<br />
Pressesprechers sind während. <strong>de</strong>r Operation insgesamt<br />
555 kurdische Rebellen g<strong>et</strong>öt<strong>et</strong> und 13<br />
festgenommen wor<strong>de</strong>n. Weiter sollen 61 Soldaten<br />
ums Leben gekommen und 185 verl<strong>et</strong>zt wor<strong>de</strong>n<br />
sein.: Bei einem kurzen Besuch in <strong>de</strong>r Grenzregion<br />
hatte Frau Ciller am Montag die Operationim<br />
Nordirak als beson<strong>de</strong>rs erfolgreich bezeichn<strong>et</strong>.<br />
Das Ziel <strong>de</strong>r Operation sei gewesen, die logistische<br />
Infrastruktur <strong>de</strong>r Kurdischen Arbeiterpartei<br />
(PKK) im Nordirak zu zerstören, sagte sie. Diese<br />
Vorgabe sei mit <strong>de</strong>r Aktion erreicht wor<strong>de</strong>n.<br />
Kritische Bilanz<br />
Ob das Ziel <strong>de</strong>r Operation tatsächlich erreicht<br />
wor<strong>de</strong>n ist, wird heute aber von <strong>de</strong>n unterschiedlichsten<br />
Kreisen in Frage gestellt. Die Presse bericht<strong>et</strong><br />
seit zwei Tagen davon, dass PKK-Guerillas<br />
ihre alten Positionen im Nordirak allmählich wie<strong>de</strong>r<br />
beziehen. Eine Delegation <strong>de</strong>r nordirakischen<br />
Demokratischen Partei Kurdistans von Masud<br />
Barzani, welche am Mittwoch in Ankara zu Gesprächen<br />
mit <strong>de</strong>r türkischen Regierung eintraf, hat'<br />
die Resultate <strong>de</strong>r Militäroperation ebenfalls in.<br />
Zweifel gezogen. Die einzige Garantie dafür, dass<br />
die PKK sich im Grenzgebi<strong>et</strong> nicht mehr so leicht<br />
einnisten könne, sei <strong>de</strong>r Wie<strong>de</strong>raufbau von<br />
300 Grenzdörfern im Nordirak, sagte <strong>de</strong>r Vorsitzen<strong>de</strong><br />
<strong>de</strong>r Delegation. Er for<strong>de</strong>rte Ankara dazu<br />
auf, <strong>de</strong>n Aufbau <strong>de</strong>r Dörfer finanziell zu unterstützen.<br />
Die grössten Zweifel an <strong>de</strong>r zeitlich begrenzten<br />
türkischen Militäroperation . hat überraschen<strong>de</strong>rweise<br />
aber <strong>de</strong>r Präsi<strong>de</strong>nt Demirel àrigemel<strong>de</strong>t.<br />
Angesichts <strong>de</strong>s gebirgigen Charakters<br />
<strong>de</strong>r Region könne dort Sicherheit kaum gewährleist<strong>et</strong><br />
wer<strong>de</strong>n, erklärte. er vor <strong>de</strong>r Presse. Der türkische<br />
Präsi<strong>de</strong>nt for<strong>de</strong>rte eine Korrektur <strong>de</strong>r<br />
regionalen Grenzziehung, die 'laut seinen Worten<br />
gemäss <strong>de</strong>n Interessen diverser Öluntemehmen<br />
festgelegt wor<strong>de</strong>n sei, regionalen Bedürfnissen<br />
aber nicht entspreche.<br />
34
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA STAMPA.DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETÎ<br />
:<br />
FRSI023 4 I 0192 FRA /AFP-KB34<br />
France-Turquie<br />
<strong>Paris</strong> se félicite <strong>de</strong> l'annonce <strong>de</strong> la fin <strong>de</strong> l'opération turque en Irak du<br />
nord<br />
PARIS, 5 mai (AFP) - La France s'est félicitée vendredi <strong>de</strong> l'annonce par<br />
la Turquie <strong>de</strong> la fin <strong>de</strong> son opération dans le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak contre la<br />
rébellion kur<strong>de</strong>.<br />
"Nous nous félicitons d'une décision qui confirme les engagements pris<br />
par le Premier ministre turc, Mme Tansu Ciller" <strong>de</strong>vant la Troïka européenne<br />
le 23 mars <strong>de</strong>rnier, a indiqué un porte-parole du ministère français <strong>de</strong>s<br />
Affaires étrangères.<br />
Conduite par le chef <strong>de</strong> la diplomatie française Alain juppé, la troïka<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'Union européenne avait exigé que les forces turques se r<strong>et</strong>irent le<br />
plus rapi<strong>de</strong>ment possible du nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak.<br />
"Après les efforts que nous déployés pour obtenir l'accord politique"<br />
sur l'union douanière, signé le 6 mars à Bruxelles entre l'UE <strong>et</strong> Ankara,<br />
"c<strong>et</strong>te mesure perm<strong>et</strong> d'abor<strong>de</strong>r dans <strong>de</strong> meilleures conditions le prochain<br />
débat sur ce texte au Parlement européen dont l'avis conforme est<br />
nécessaire pour la mise en vigueur <strong>de</strong> l'accord", a souligné le porte-parole<br />
français.<br />
Le Parlement européen doit se prononcer en septembre prochain sur c<strong>et</strong><br />
accord.<br />
hm/mc<br />
AFP /J00245/051849 MAI 95<br />
Withdrawal From Iraq<br />
Compl<strong>et</strong>ed, Turkey Says<br />
The Associated<br />
Press<br />
ANKARA - Turkey has<br />
withdrawn its troops from<br />
northern Iraq, six weeks after<br />
35,000 soldiers crossed the bor<strong>de</strong>r<br />
to attack Kurdish rebel<br />
bases, officials. said Thursday.<br />
"We have no soldiers left in<br />
northern Iraq," Defense Minister<br />
Mehm<strong>et</strong> Golban said before<br />
a cabin<strong>et</strong> me<strong>et</strong>ing. "We have<br />
withdrawn them all, and we<br />
INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE,<br />
FRIDAY, MAY 5,1995<br />
only have security measures on<br />
the bor<strong>de</strong>r."<br />
Deputy Prime Minister Hikm<strong>et</strong><br />
C<strong>et</strong>in said a few troops re-.<br />
mained in northern Iraq but did<br />
not give <strong>de</strong>tails. But Mr. Goi':<br />
han said later that although<br />
some troops were "on the bor<strong>de</strong>r,"<br />
essentially the soldiers<br />
were all out.<br />
The troops were sent into<br />
northern Iraq to wipe out about<br />
20 camps used by 2,800 rebels<br />
for hit-and-run attacks in Turkey.<br />
The government pulled out<br />
20,000 soldiers last week. Mr.<br />
Golban said that the second big<br />
withdrawal occurred Wednes-.<br />
day.<br />
The <strong>de</strong>fense nuruster said<br />
that Turkçy had taken military<br />
measures along the bor<strong>de</strong>r. He<br />
did not elaborate, but military<br />
officials have said they planned<br />
to build bases on the frontier to<br />
block rebels from crossing.<br />
Turkeyalso has been negotiating<br />
with Iraqi Kurdish lea<strong>de</strong>rs<br />
to establish authority over the<br />
area and prevent Turkish guerrillas<br />
from s<strong>et</strong>ting up camps.<br />
Turkey has come un<strong>de</strong>r intense<br />
criticism from its Western<br />
allies for the military operation.<br />
Mr. Golban <strong>de</strong>nied reports<br />
that the Kurdish rebels had<br />
been re<strong>de</strong>ploying since Turkish<br />
troops have begun r<strong>et</strong>urning<br />
home.<br />
The guerrillas are fighting for<br />
autonomy in southeastern Turkey.<br />
More than 15,000 people<br />
have been killed in the conflict<br />
since 1984.<br />
35
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Turk~hDairy News<br />
OSCE<strong>de</strong>legation me<strong>et</strong>s emergency<br />
rule governor in DiyarbakIr<br />
Erkan: Since 1984, a total of 4,025 people, including 452<br />
women and 450 children T<br />
have been killed in massacres<br />
by the PKK. and 4,471 civilians have been injured<br />
TDNParli~ment 'Bureau . He noted that 1,154 terrorists had turned<br />
ANKARA- A <strong>de</strong>legation from the themseIves in to the security forces. He said<br />
Organization of Security and Cooperat.io~ in nearly 3,000 people from the security forces<br />
Europe (OS CE) on Thursday vls.\ted had been killed durin~ the clashes.<br />
Emergency Ru.1e ~egi.onal Governor Unal In reply to a questIOn, Erkan saiJ ~hat.no<br />
Erkan .at hIS offIce III DIyarbakIr. one in Turkey had ever been put on tnal Just<br />
The <strong>de</strong>legation, which arrived in Turkey because of their Kurdish origin.<br />
last Monday, is paying a one-week visit on He stressed that terrorism was being used<br />
the invitation of Parliament Speaker as a tool by the PKK to divi<strong>de</strong> Turkey.<br />
Hüsam<strong>et</strong>tin Cindoruk. He said while thePKK argued thatit repre-<br />
During his me<strong>et</strong>ing with the OSCE <strong>de</strong>leg~- sented the Kurds, it had in fact killed 5,000<br />
tion led by Willy WImmer, the <strong>de</strong>puty presl- people of Kurdishorigin. Erkan continued<br />
<strong>de</strong>nt of the OSÇE Parlia.mentafl~ns' that the people did not support the terr~rist<br />
Assembly, Er~an saId Tur~ey IS <strong>de</strong>term!ned organization whi,ch he noted ~mtaI.n~d<br />
to fight terrons.m and that It would contIllueSyrian, Iraqi, Iraman and ArmenIln ongm<br />
the struggle untIl the problem was solved. militants.<br />
He bnefed the <strong>de</strong>legation about the activi- He recalled that the PKK had camps in<br />
ties of the ou.tlawed K~rdistan Workers' Syria, that it took shelter in Iran andin nort~-<br />
Party (PKK) In the regIOn and the battle ern Iraq, that it had opened bueaus In .<br />
against that organization. Greece, that it had foun<strong>de</strong>d a so-caled "par-<br />
Erkan said that since 1984, a total of 4025 liament-in-exile" in the N<strong>et</strong>herlandsand that<br />
. people, including 45~ women and 459. chil- it extorted money from people in Gemany.<br />
dren, had been killed III massacres earned out Erkan said mere statements mad by the<br />
by the PKK and 4471 civilians had been West were not sufficient and that snctions<br />
injured. There was documented proof that should be applied against Syria for llowing<br />
these attacks w~re the.work o~th~ PKK. the PKK to s<strong>et</strong> up camps and tht arms<br />
.Erkan continued that wlthlllthe past sources should be cut off.<br />
<strong>de</strong>ca<strong>de</strong>, a total of 8,512 separatist terrorists He ad<strong>de</strong>d that in or<strong>de</strong>r to prevenUe PKK<br />
had been killed in the clashes b<strong>et</strong>ween the to make use of the power vacuum in lorthern<br />
• sec.urity forces a~~ the PKK and that 194 ter- Iraq, Iraq's territorial integrity sbuld be<br />
. ronsts had been IllJured and 1787 arrested. respected.<br />
FRIDA Y, MA Y 5, 1995<br />
HADEP officials charged<br />
and formallyarrested<br />
Turkish DailY News<br />
ANKARA- Leading offi- .<br />
cials from the pro-Kurdisb<br />
People' s Democracy Party<br />
(HADEP) who were <strong>de</strong>tained a<br />
week ago have been formally<br />
charged and placed un<strong>de</strong>r<br />
arrest, sources from the party<br />
told the Turkish Daily News<br />
on Thursday.<br />
Among those charged are.<br />
HADEP Dep\!ty Chairmen'<br />
~ehab<strong>et</strong>tin Ozarslan and<br />
Hikm<strong>et</strong> Fidan, Assistant<br />
Secr<strong>et</strong>ary-General Seyhmuz<br />
Cagro and a member of the<br />
party's Ankara provincial<br />
administrative board, Ferhat<br />
Türk.<br />
The charges brought by the<br />
State Security Court were not<br />
immediately apparent but the<br />
lawyers of the HADEP officials<br />
were barred from entering<br />
the courtroom un<strong>de</strong>r the<br />
Law on Combatting<br />
Terrorism. .<br />
Observers say this gives an.<br />
indication of what the HADEP<br />
officials have been charged<br />
with.<br />
HADEP's precursor, the<br />
Democracy Party (DEP), was<br />
closed by the constitutional<br />
court last year and its <strong>de</strong>puties<br />
were charged and convicted to<br />
harsh prison sentences on the<br />
grounds that they had links<br />
with the outlawed Kurdistan<br />
Wôrkers' Party (PKK).<br />
The DEP case has been<br />
ma<strong>de</strong> the litmus test for<br />
<strong>de</strong>mocratization. by the.<br />
European Parliament,which<br />
has announced its intention.<br />
not to ratify a customs. union<br />
accord Turkey cOliclu<strong>de</strong>d with<br />
the European Union in March<br />
until the DEP <strong>de</strong>puties are<br />
released. The charging of the<br />
HADEP officials is expected<br />
to further complicate Turkey's'<br />
ties with Europe.<br />
This <strong>de</strong>velopment comes at<br />
atime when the Parliamentary<br />
. Assembly of the Council 9f<br />
Europe has recommen<strong>de</strong>d a<br />
suspension of Turkey's membership<br />
u!lless significant<br />
movement is ma<strong>de</strong> inthe<br />
direction of <strong>de</strong>mocratization<br />
- with particular reference to .<br />
the Kurdish' problem - by<br />
June.<br />
I~.<br />
~.<br />
".,-1;;
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO<br />
DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
:<br />
Debate on Article 8 continues, while 166 prisoners<br />
still <strong>de</strong>tained for crimes of expression of thought<br />
Coal~tion partners appear to have agreed on the need to remove Article 8 of the Anti-<br />
TerrorismLaw,'but the conservative wing ofl}YP 3till 'fiercely'rejects the changes,<br />
,and CHP says crimes of expression of thoughtwtll still exist after amendments<br />
By Sinan ytlmai<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
ANKARA- The coalition partners,<br />
the True Path Party (DYP) and the<br />
Republican People's Party (CHP),<br />
seem to have agreed to remove Article<br />
8 of the Anti-Terrorism Law, which<br />
concerns crimes of. expression of<br />
thought. But it appears that neither the<br />
conservative <strong>de</strong>puties of the DYP nor<br />
the country's 166 prisoners <strong>de</strong>tained<br />
for such crimes are satisfied with this<br />
state of affairs.<br />
The conservative wing of the DYP<br />
"fiercely" rejects the removal of<br />
Article Eight and the addition of a<br />
clause to Article 311 of the Criminal<br />
Law, which would caH for a prison<br />
term of b<strong>et</strong>ween six months and two<br />
yèars for those found guilty of spreadmg<br />
propaganda in line With the purpose<br />
and activities of terrorist organizations<br />
which threaten the indivisible<br />
integrity of the state.<br />
Meanwhile, members of the CHP<br />
argue that crimes related to the expression<br />
of thought will still most <strong>de</strong>finitely<br />
persist after the removal of Article<br />
8. The coalition partners are preparing<br />
to promote and focus on the release of<br />
two prisoners <strong>de</strong>tained for crimes of<br />
expression of thought, Fikr<strong>et</strong> B~kaya<br />
and Haluk Gerger, as symbols of the<br />
government's success m "providing<br />
for expression of thought." Ba~kaya<br />
and Gerger are currently serving 20-<br />
month prison terms. Ba~kaya started<br />
serving his sentence on March 17 last<br />
year and will be released on June 14,<br />
whereas Gerger was sent to jail on<br />
June 27, 1994, so is to be released on<br />
Sept. 24. If granted a reprieve, Gerger<br />
could be released in June. Those<br />
<strong>de</strong>fending human rights claim that<br />
tsmail Be~ikçi must be taken as the<br />
symbol of "freedom of expression"<br />
instead of Ba~kaya and Gerger.<br />
Be~ikçi has so fàr been sentenced to<br />
65 years in prison, and is sure to serve<br />
12 years of this. Some provisions of<br />
the Execution of Punishments Law<br />
may aHow Be~ikçi to serve only nine<br />
years of his sentences.<br />
If Article 8 is amen<strong>de</strong>d, authors<br />
such as Ya~arKemal, Orhan Pamuk,<br />
Nur Sürer, Orhan Aydm, and Dogu<br />
Perinçek could still face jail sentences,<br />
since although they will not be tried at<br />
the State Security Court (DGM), they<br />
could still be tried at criminal courts,<br />
So expression of thought will still be a<br />
crime, but it will be out of the DGM's<br />
hands.<br />
The problem of preparing a list of<br />
those in prison for crimes of expression<br />
of thought has been causing a big<br />
problem for many years. The list prepared<br />
by the Justice Ministry has given<br />
names of prisoners who were actually<br />
free, while the names of others who<br />
were said to be free, have appeared on<br />
the list of those in prison, ~repared by ,<br />
the Human Rights AssociatIOn(IHD).<br />
We prepared a list by bringing<br />
tog<strong>et</strong>her the information contained in<br />
the documents prepared by the !HO<br />
and the Justice Mirnstry. This leads us<br />
to conclu<strong>de</strong> that there are 166 people<br />
<strong>de</strong>tained in prison for crimes of<br />
expression of thought, althou~h the<br />
numbers are continuously changmg, so<br />
preparing such a list is difficult.<br />
Some of the imprisoned writers and<br />
politicians are: Fikr<strong>et</strong> Ba~kaya,Numan<br />
Bakta~1Ismail Be~ikçi, Mehdi Zana,<br />
Haluk Gerger, ~ükrü Ayçiçek, M<strong>et</strong>in<br />
Baklcl, Ibrahim Polat, Bülent<br />
Abbasoglu, lIknur Bülbül, Hatip Dicle,<br />
Leyla Zana, Ahm<strong>et</strong> Türk, Orhan'<br />
Dogan, Selim SadaIe.<br />
Demirel' s misquoted<br />
remark causes storm<br />
Furor: Presi<strong>de</strong>nt never ma<strong>de</strong> claim<br />
for the Iraqi province of Mosul or<br />
request for redrawing of bor<strong>de</strong>r<br />
TDN with Wire dispatches<br />
A.."lKARA- A misquoted general statement by Presi<strong>de</strong>nt Süleyman<br />
Demirel about a possible future renegotiation ofTurkey's bor<strong>de</strong>r with<br />
Iraq that passes over rugged terrainhas alarmed Irilq and caused an<br />
international stir. '<br />
In a special interview with the Turkish Daily News on Monday,<br />
Demirel observed that having a bor<strong>de</strong>r passing over the ridges of<br />
2,800-m<strong>et</strong>er mountains was "wrong" and that Turkey en<strong>de</strong>d up being<br />
unable to prevent the infiltration by separatist rebels entrenched on the<br />
slopes of Mountains on the Iraqi Si<strong>de</strong>.Providing historical background<br />
on the <strong>de</strong>marcation of the bor<strong>de</strong>r during the partition of the Ottoman<br />
Empire at the end of the First World War, he said the bor<strong>de</strong>r had been<br />
drawn u.f a.cco.rding to the specifications of geologists and "according<br />
to the oi {<strong>de</strong>posits)]" -left on the Iraqi si<strong>de</strong>. ,<br />
He said although the Turkish Republic -<br />
which recovered parts of the rartitioned domain<br />
during the 1919-1922 War 0 In<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>ncedid<br />
not recognize the partitioning and lay a claim<br />
to the oil-rich provinces of Kirkuk and Mosul, it<br />
could not fress its case.<br />
Demire told the TON, however, that a bor<strong>de</strong>r<br />
readj\lstment was "not a question for today."<br />
But some newspapers who interviewed<br />
Demirel after the TON did quoted the presi<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
as calling for a bor<strong>de</strong>r readjustment and as laying<br />
a claim to Mosul.<br />
The Turkish Foreign Ministry <strong>de</strong>nied reports<br />
that Turkey sought a bor<strong>de</strong>r readjustment.<br />
But Iraq, wary ofTurkey's direct contacts with<br />
Iraqi Kurdish rebels, said on Thursday it would<br />
use all means at its disposal to fend off any<br />
attempt by Ankara for a re-<strong>de</strong>marcation of the<br />
international bor<strong>de</strong>rs, Reuters reported.<br />
"Iraq <strong>de</strong>clares, with aH <strong>de</strong>termination, that it<br />
will resist any violation of its national bor<strong>de</strong>rs<br />
and unity of its territory with alliegitimate<br />
means," the ruling Baath Party newspaper al-<br />
Thawra saidin a front-page editorial. AI-Thawra<br />
said "no obstacle will stand in Iraq's fàçe" to<br />
<strong>de</strong>fend its bor<strong>de</strong>rs if Ankara translated statements<br />
on a new<strong>de</strong>marcation into action.<br />
37
REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ~RIVISTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZETi<br />
. The editorial \-vas the harshest of a series of<br />
con<strong>de</strong>mnations from Baghdad since Turkey<br />
launched a massive cross-bor<strong>de</strong>r operation with<br />
35,000 troops on March 20 against the outlawed<br />
Kurdistan Workers party (PKK) separatists<br />
entrenched in northern Iraq.<br />
Turkish officials have announced that all but<br />
three battalions have been pulled back since then.<br />
The army says the troops killed nearly 600 rebels<br />
before the withdrawal.<br />
The PKK has been fighting a separatist war in<br />
Turkey's southeastern provinces Since 1984 and<br />
the fighting has claimed over 15,000 lives so far.<br />
The.lraqi Foreign Ministry summoned Turkish<br />
charge d'affaires, Saadi Çah~lar, on Wednesday<br />
to ask for an explanation of Demirel's statements.<br />
The official Iraqi News Agency (INA) said the<br />
ruling Revolutionary Command Council held a<br />
me<strong>et</strong>ing on Wednesday chaired by Presi<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
Saddam Hussein in which a number of "important<br />
political issues were discussed."<br />
Baghdad-based diplomats said they doubted<br />
Turkey would try to change the geopolitics of a<br />
volatile region.<br />
"They have enough problems in their own territory<br />
to grapple with," said a Western diplomat.<br />
Reuters quoted ariother as saying Ankara's aim<br />
was to exert pressure on Baghdad to force it to<br />
'come to terms with its own Kurdish minority and<br />
accept U.N.conditions for partial oil sales that<br />
would benefit Turkey's southeast region, inhabited<br />
mainly by <strong>et</strong>hnic Kurds: .. .<br />
Meanwhile in Tehran,an Iraqi Shiite opposition<br />
group also slammed the remark attributed to<br />
Demirel, <strong>de</strong>manding an apology. "Demirel's<br />
statement is contrary to mternal10nal agreements<br />
on which bor<strong>de</strong>rs of all countries have been<br />
drawn," the Supreme Assembly of the Islamic<br />
Revolution in Iraq (SAIRI) said. "We con<strong>de</strong>mn<br />
any threat against Iraq's integrity and sovereignty."<br />
Demirel's remarks also caused raised brows in<br />
Washington where U.S. State Department<br />
spokesman Nicholas Burns said Wednesday that.<br />
the United States was against any change of bar"<br />
<strong>de</strong>rs "by force." .. .. .<br />
"As of March 1991, the end of the Gulf War,<br />
we have always recognized the international bor<strong>de</strong>rs<br />
of Iraq," Burns said. . .<br />
"We do not support any attempt to change<br />
those bor<strong>de</strong>rs by force. However, in agreeing to<br />
s<strong>et</strong> up Operation Provi<strong>de</strong> Comfort,back in March<br />
of 1991, we also ma<strong>de</strong> .the <strong>de</strong>cjsion that Iraq was<br />
not carable, and is .still not capable, of exercising.<br />
authonty in the northern part of this country and<br />
certainly not capable of exercising its authority in<br />
a responsible way regarding the Kurdish population<br />
m northern.Iraq. So we do not support and.<br />
will not support any efforts to change bor<strong>de</strong>rs by.<br />
force." .<br />
Remin<strong>de</strong>d by TDN that Demirel' s remark<br />
impli~d. a possibl~ f~~ure.t~~d)~~tl?e~~.ti1rough<br />
negOl1al1ons,Burns SaId, "r aIn not aware of any<br />
specific proposal, or any general proposal over<br />
the last couple last couple of weeks about changing<br />
the Iraqi bor<strong>de</strong>r."<br />
ERNK representative<br />
Kani Yllmaz goes<br />
on trial in London<br />
The sources told the TDN that the<br />
visiting.<strong>de</strong>legationinformed the British<br />
parliamentarians about the establishment<br />
of the Kurdish parliament-in-exile<br />
and the Kurdish question in general<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
ANKARA- The trial of Kani Yllmaz, the European representative<br />
of the ERNK, a cover organization for the Kurdistan<br />
Workers' Party (PKK), began in London on Thursday un<strong>de</strong>r the<br />
watchful eyes of various pro-Kurdish organizations, sourèes<br />
informed the Turkish Daily News by telephone.<br />
A <strong>de</strong>legation of Kurds, includinl Mahmut KlImç and<br />
Nizam<strong>et</strong>tin Toguç; fanner <strong>de</strong>puties o. Turkey's now banned<br />
pro-Kurdish Democracy Party (DEP), and Nec<strong>de</strong>t Buldan, the<br />
foimer mayor of the eastern Turkish town of Yüksekova -<br />
who are all members of the newly formed so-called Kurdish<br />
"parliaInent-in-exile" -,- were all in London to follow the trial<br />
ofYllmaz.<br />
Sources close to the <strong>de</strong>legation say that, while in London, the<br />
Turkish Kurds were also Iiolding talks with British <strong>de</strong>puties,<br />
intellectuals' groups and nongovernmental organizations<br />
(NGOs).The sources told the TDN that the visiting <strong>de</strong>legation<br />
informed the British parliaInentarians about the establishment<br />
of the Kurdish parliaInent-in-exile and the Kurdish question in<br />
general.. "<br />
The formation of the parliament-in-exile, comprising 65<br />
members, was announced in April in The Hague in the<br />
N<strong>et</strong>herlands, <strong>de</strong>spite Turkish attempts to prevent the me<strong>et</strong>ing.<br />
The <strong>de</strong>velopment has strained relations b<strong>et</strong>ween Turkey and the<br />
N<strong>et</strong>herlands.<br />
The parliament-in-exile inclu<strong>de</strong>s five former DEP <strong>de</strong>puties<br />
who fled to Europe to .avoid persecution after the DEP was<br />
banned, as well as some other Kurdish intellectuals and representatives<br />
of the KUrdistan People's Liberation Front (ERNK),<br />
the political wing of the PKK. . " .<br />
. The parliaInent has establishedan executive board, chaired<br />
by one of the former DEP <strong>de</strong>puties, Zübeyir Aydar. ". ..<br />
Yllmaz was <strong>de</strong>tained on Oct. 22 of lastyear in London upon<br />
leaving the Houses of ParliaInent after a me<strong>et</strong>ing with British<br />
<strong>de</strong>puties and was charged with illegal entry into the country<br />
<strong>de</strong>spite having been invited to BritaIn by a Labour Party MP,<br />
John Austin Walker.<br />
. The British Labour Party later issu~d a statement s.aying<br />
Walker had invited Yllmaz on his own and disassociated itself<br />
from the whole affalr. .<br />
Following Yllmaz'S arrest, Kurds living in Britain launched<br />
<strong>de</strong>monstrations against the British government, including<br />
hunger strikes, and called for his release. .<br />
The German government has also ma<strong>de</strong> an official request,<br />
asking the British government to hand over YIlmazSO he can<br />
answer accusations of responsibility for Kurdish <strong>de</strong>monstrations<br />
in Gennany during the spring of 1994. .""<br />
The British governmentreceived a similar application from<br />
Turkey, which wanted Ylimazr<strong>et</strong>urned to faceferrorism<br />
charges. Turkey's request was not granted. .<br />
Y11mazhas ma<strong>de</strong> three court appearances since his arrest and<br />
Thursday's hearing was his first this year.<br />
38
,"<br />
KDP talks bor<strong>de</strong>r security<br />
with Turkey; PUl( to curb<br />
PKK with 'diplomacy'<br />
TDN with wire dispatches .<br />
ANKARA- A <strong>de</strong>legation of senior envoys from the<br />
Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) clos<strong>et</strong>ed with Turkish<br />
Foreign Ministry officials here Thursday for the second day"<br />
running to discuss the terms of its cooperation to make thé<br />
bor<strong>de</strong>r secure after Turkey winds up its cross-bor<strong>de</strong>r operation<br />
against the Turkish Kurdish rebels m northern Iraq.<br />
Meanwhile, a rival Iraqi Kurdish group, the Patriotic Union<br />
of Kurdistan (PUK), announced that It would not use arms but<br />
diplomacy to keep the outlawed Kurdistan Workers' Party<br />
(PKK) guerrillas from harassing.Turkey from Iraq, Agence<br />
France Presse said.<br />
After a third round of negotiations b<strong>et</strong>ween the KDP officials,<br />
a KDP source told tile TDN that although there had<br />
been consi<strong>de</strong>rable progress since a me<strong>et</strong>ing last month in<br />
Salahuddin, northern Iraq, the <strong>de</strong>tails of the projected cooperation<br />
had y<strong>et</strong> to be hamIllered out. The KDP team is heaâed<br />
by Sami Abdurrahman, a senior member of the party's politi-<br />
CID bureau, and inclu<strong>de</strong>s Nechirwan Barzani, die nep1tCwof<br />
party lea<strong>de</strong>r Massoud Barzani. Turkey has asked the KDP and<br />
PUK to bury their feud and cooperate to keep the PKK out of<br />
the bor<strong>de</strong>r area. The projected scheme involves patrollin,g of<br />
Turkish Dairy News<br />
FRIDAY,MAY5,1995<br />
me DOraerDyme Iraqi Kurdish ~hmergas (fighters).<br />
KDP negotiators have asked, in r<strong>et</strong>urn, cash support and<br />
Ankara's acquiescence to the rebuildin~ of 300-odd bor<strong>de</strong>r<br />
villages <strong>de</strong>stroyed by Saddarn Hussein s forces in the past.<br />
They also calion Ankara to recognize the regional government<br />
Iraqi Kurds have s<strong>et</strong> up in the north un<strong>de</strong>r Western millt!lIYprotection.<br />
Ankara has been avoiding any <strong>de</strong>alings with<br />
the- Iraqi Kurds in the past, fearingit would fuel the separatism<br />
of its own Kurds and hann its precarious ties with<br />
Baghdad. While the KDP apparently agreed to bor<strong>de</strong>r ~ls<br />
"not to please Turkey but beCause of its own responsibility' to<br />
make tlie bor<strong>de</strong>rs safe for neidlbors," PUK loo~ed averse to<br />
any armed confrontation with the PKK it might entail.<br />
PUK lea<strong>de</strong>r Jala! Talabani told AFP that "We don't view<br />
the PKK as terrorists, but as a political organization. We can't<br />
l'revent them from using our area for attacks insi<strong>de</strong> Turkey br.<br />
fildIting them, but by convincing them on a diplomatic level. '<br />
''We won't allow the PKK to use our PUK-controlled area for<br />
attacks against Turkey. We have always ma<strong>de</strong> that clear,"<br />
Talabani told AFP. But he urged '1'urkey to cooperate with,<br />
our regional government and to recognize It."<br />
. Ta!äbani's remarks caused an angry reaction in the Turkish.<br />
press which published selected Jlarts and said they bore out'<br />
Turkey's suspicions about the pux. lea<strong>de</strong>r seen in the past as<br />
secr<strong>et</strong>ly collaborating with the PlOC Talabani has ~lStently<br />
rejected the charges of plaYÏ!!ga double game arid the si<strong>de</strong>s<br />
broke ice last week when a Foreign Ministry <strong>de</strong>legation m<strong>et</strong><br />
with Talabani in Erbil.<br />
SATURDAY. MAY 6,1995<br />
Turkish Dairy News<br />
Turkish- US tra<strong>de</strong> cost Turkey<br />
$9.8 billion.over eight years<br />
Turkish<br />
Daily News<br />
WASHINGTON- B<strong>et</strong>ween 1987 and 1994<br />
Turkey imported goods from the United States<br />
worth $9.8 billion more than Turkish exports to<br />
the United States, according to the official figures<br />
published in "U.S. Global Tra<strong>de</strong> Outlook 1995-<br />
2000," a report issued by the U.S. Department of<br />
Commerce.<br />
Turkey, nominated by the United States last'<br />
year as one of the ten "Big Emer~ing Mark<strong>et</strong>s"<br />
(BEM), lost $1.2 billion in 1994 ID its bilateral<br />
tra<strong>de</strong> with the United States. China, another BEM,<br />
had a surplus of $106.2 billion in the 1987-1994<br />
period in its tra<strong>de</strong> with the United States.<br />
The following BEM countries exported more to<br />
the United States than they imported in 1994:<br />
Brazil, China, Taiwan, India, Indonesia and South<br />
Korea.<br />
Turkey was ranked 32nd in the list of importers<br />
of U.S. goods b<strong>et</strong>ween 1988-94. In 1994 alone,<br />
Turkey Imported$2.75 billion worth of U.S.<br />
goods. .<br />
The top importer was Canada, with $114.4 bil~<br />
lion worth of goods in 1994, followed by Japan,<br />
Mexico, Britain, Germany, South Korea, Taiwan,<br />
France, N<strong>et</strong>herlands and Singapore in the top ten.<br />
Turkey ranked 43rd in the world in terms of<br />
exports to the United States b<strong>et</strong>ween 1988-94.<br />
Turkey exported $1.6 billion worth of goods to the<br />
United States in 1994.<br />
39
REVUE DE PRESSE,PRESS REVIEW,BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ.RIVISTA STAMPA,DENTRO DE LA PRENSA,BASIN ÖZETi<br />
Turkish Probe May 5,1995<br />
19<br />
Human Bights Diary<br />
Minister halts inquiry on Kemal- The Minister for<br />
Justice Mehm<strong>et</strong> Mogultay, in a rare move on May 3, by<br />
using powers vested in him, halted a judicial inquiry by the<br />
public prosecutor into the famous author Ya~ar Kemal over an<br />
interview he gave to the. German Der Spiegel on Turkey's Kurdish<br />
problem. The inquiry opened by the prosecutor of the State Security<br />
Court against Kemal will, however, continue and, while there was no clarification<br />
on the matter, it is thought that Mogultay took the action because the<br />
justice minister has no powers over the DGM. The inquiries against Kemal were<br />
opened on allegations that he had promoted separatism with his remarks to Der<br />
Spiegel when responding to questions concerning Kurds in Turkey. Mogultay, a <strong>de</strong>puty<br />
from the junior coalition partner the Republican Peoples Party (CHP), which is currently<br />
locked in a <strong>de</strong>ep <strong>de</strong>bate with the senior. coalition partner the True Path Party (DYP) on the issue<br />
of freedom of expression, cancelled the permission given by his ministry for the inquiry by the public<br />
prosecutor in Istanbul. As the reason for his <strong>de</strong>cision, Mogultay cited the steep penalty that will be<br />
sought by the Istanbul State Security Court if Kemal is charged un<strong>de</strong>r Article 8 of the Anti-Terrorism Law.<br />
Mogultay saidthat the penalty that will besought un<strong>de</strong>r Article 159 of the penal co<strong>de</strong> if the public prosecutor<br />
<strong>de</strong>ci<strong>de</strong>s to charge Kemal is much less than what would be sought by the State Security Court. But the public<br />
prosecutor's penalty would non<strong>et</strong>heless be ad<strong>de</strong>d to a potentially heavy DGM sentence if both inquiries were<br />
to continue. Mogultay reportedly indicated that the public interest will not be served un<strong>de</strong>r such circumstances<br />
and issued his or<strong>de</strong>r to halt the inquiry against Kemal. (Turkish Daily News, May 4)<br />
Family says missing Journalist held by PKK- Ferit Demir, the only local reporter in Tunceli, is thought to<br />
have been abducted by the outlawed Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), local sources told the TON on May 2.<br />
Demir had been covering clashes in Tunceli b<strong>et</strong>ween Turkish security forces and the PKK for a number of<br />
news and TV n<strong>et</strong>works as well as for the Reuters agency. He went missing on Sunday and members of his<br />
family are claiming that he was abducted by the PKK. Local security officials have disclaimed any knowledge<br />
of Demir's disappearance and have also said that they have not <strong>de</strong>tained anyone with that name. The PKK<br />
last week released two Turkish journalists, one working for the French AFP and the other for Reuters, after<br />
having abducted them some weeks ago in southeast Anatolia shortly after Turkey launched a massive anti-<br />
PKK cross-bor<strong>de</strong>r operation in northern Iraq on March 20. (Turkish Daily News, May 2)<br />
Lawyers for DEP file appeal- Lawyers for the banned pro-Kurdish Democracy Party (DEP) presented on<br />
April 2B a <strong>de</strong>tailed 1DB-page appeal to the Appeals Court. According to the DEP appeal, the trial process of<br />
DEP <strong>de</strong>puties Ahm<strong>et</strong> Türk, Hatip Dicle, Leyla Zana, Orhan Dagan, Selim Sadak, Sim Saklk and in<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
Mahmut Ahnak, was unjust and the imprisoned <strong>de</strong>puties should be released. DEP was closed down by the<br />
Constitutional Court in June 1994 and the <strong>de</strong>puties' memberships in the Turkish Parliament were revoked.<br />
Seven DEP <strong>de</strong>puties were then imprisoned, but six others fled to Europe to avoid prosecution. Pro-Kurdish<br />
but in<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>de</strong>puty Mahmut Alinak's parliamentary immunity was also lifted at the <strong>de</strong>mand of the state<br />
prosecutor and he was tried with the DEP <strong>de</strong>puties. The DEP members and Ahnak were sentenced to<br />
b<strong>et</strong>ween three and 15 years of imprisonment. (Turkish Daily News, May 1)<br />
Journalists testify at court- Five journalists out of the 1,080 people who signed and republished the book<br />
"Freedom of Thought" which had been confiscated and outlawed by the state testified at the Istanbul State<br />
Security Court on April 28 following their self-accusation and surren<strong>de</strong>r, the Anatolia news agency reported.<br />
The <strong>de</strong>cision takenwas that the 1,080 people may be presented with a lawsuit for "publishing banned books"<br />
according to Article 1B2 of the Turkish Penal Law. The prison terms they might receive vary b<strong>et</strong>ween two<br />
and six years. (Turkish Daily News, April29)<br />
Missing HADEP executive found <strong>de</strong>ad- Hüseyin Koku, HADEP chairman in the<br />
Southeastern town of Elbistan, was found <strong>de</strong>ad in the nearby town of Poturge, in Malatya<br />
province on April 28. He had been missing since Oct. 20, 1994. The office of the local<br />
prosecutor or<strong>de</strong>red that Koku's body be taken to a local coroner for an autopsy.<br />
Sources told the TON that when the body was found, i<strong>de</strong>ntification was only possible<br />
through an electricity bill bearing Koku's name and address that was found<br />
in his pock<strong>et</strong>. Reports allege that Koku was taken into custody last October<br />
while shopping with his wife in Elbistan by two men in civilian clothing<br />
who were driving a white Renault car. They were carrying radios<br />
and introduced themselves as un<strong>de</strong>rcover police officers and<br />
requested that he accompany them to give testimony at the<br />
police station. Koku told his wife to go home and said he<br />
would join her later, but never did. (April29, Turkish<br />
Daily News)<br />
40
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASlN ÖZETi<br />
Turkish Probe May 5,1995<br />
9<br />
.-<br />
Turkey, Iraqi Kurds Discuss<br />
Post-Incursion Security<br />
Rafit Gürdilek<br />
ile winding up its cross-bor<strong>de</strong>r operation<br />
insi<strong>de</strong> northern Iraq, now in its seventh<br />
~ week, Turkey has paced up its efforts to<br />
prevent the outlawed Kurdistan Workers' Party<br />
(PKK) separatists from r<strong>et</strong>urning to their mountain<br />
camps and hi<strong>de</strong>outs across the bor<strong>de</strong>r after the<br />
withdrawal is compl<strong>et</strong>e. For that, Turkey is seeking<br />
the cooperation of the Iraqi Kurds who have s<strong>et</strong> up<br />
their own regional administration in northern<br />
Iraq.<br />
A high-level <strong>de</strong>legation from the Kurdistan<br />
Democratic Party (KDP) of Massoud BarzanÎ started<br />
a second round of talks in Ankara on<br />
Tuesday to discuss the terms of cooperation,<br />
which, in broad lines, involves<br />
increased KDP military presence<br />
on the bor<strong>de</strong>r to bar the reentrenchment<br />
of the PKK in the<br />
area,oin r<strong>et</strong>urn for Turkey's assistance<br />
for the rebuilding of around<br />
300 Iraqi Kurdish villages.<br />
Last month, a team of Turkish<br />
negofiators had an initial me<strong>et</strong>ing<br />
with the KDP lea<strong>de</strong>rship in<br />
Salahuddin, northern Iraq, and<br />
later m<strong>et</strong> in Erbil with Jalal<br />
Talabani, the lea<strong>de</strong>r of KDP's<br />
main rival, the Patriotic Union of<br />
Kurdistan (PUK). The KDP and<br />
PUK have been locked in violent<br />
clashes since last May and the<br />
fighting has reportedly claimed<br />
around 2,000 lives. Turkey has<br />
seen the Iraqi Kurds' internal conflict<br />
as a chief factor in the PKK's<br />
supremacy in the bor<strong>de</strong>r area, but<br />
its efforts to mediate a peaceful<br />
s<strong>et</strong>tlement b<strong>et</strong>ween the two si<strong>de</strong>s<br />
Massoud<br />
have been unsuccessful.<br />
Although PUK does not have a military presence<br />
along the bor<strong>de</strong>r strip, both Turkey and the KDP<br />
see its participation in the security cooperation<br />
scheme as essential.<br />
But Talabani has poured cold water on Turkey's<br />
hopes of enthusiastic cooperation by his reported<br />
statement that he would not prevent the PKK infiltrations<br />
into Turkey by military means, but would try<br />
to do it diplomatically. To the further chagrin of<br />
Turkish officials, Talabani reportedly told the<br />
French news agency AFP that he also does not<br />
consi<strong>de</strong>r the PKK to be a terrorist organization. The<br />
ability of the PKK militants who had surren<strong>de</strong>red to<br />
the Iraqi Kurds after another incursion by the<br />
Turkish Army in 1992 to rearm themselves and s<strong>et</strong><br />
up training camps had caused frictions in the relations<br />
b<strong>et</strong>ween Turkey and the PUK lea<strong>de</strong>rship.<br />
Following the conclusion of the second round of<br />
talks with the KDP <strong>de</strong>legation in Ankara, a team of<br />
PUK envoys is expected to arrive in the second half<br />
of May for similar discussions. But the signs are<br />
that the negotiations with the KDP team is also far<br />
from being a stroll in the rose gar<strong>de</strong>n.<br />
The KDP negotiators, hea<strong>de</strong>d by Sami<br />
Abdurrahman, a senior member of the KDP political<br />
bureau, and including Nechirwan Barzani, the<br />
nephew of the KDP lea<strong>de</strong>r, besi<strong>de</strong> the party's secu.<br />
rity officials, had three sessions of me<strong>et</strong>ings with<br />
Turkish Foreign Ministry officials also atten<strong>de</strong>d by<br />
Turkish military and security experts.<br />
A Kurdish source <strong>de</strong>scribed the talks as being<br />
''very frank and open" which, in diplomatic jargon,<br />
suggests the exchange of recriminations.<br />
Further distance has been covered<br />
since the si<strong>de</strong>s first m<strong>et</strong> in<br />
Salahuddin, but the <strong>de</strong>tails of the<br />
accord still have to be worked<br />
out, the source said.<br />
Confirming that the scheme<br />
involved the patrolling of the bor<strong>de</strong>r<br />
by the KDP peshmerges<br />
(fighters), he said the Iraqi Kurds<br />
were un<strong>de</strong>rtaking to do this not<br />
because Turkey wanted it, but<br />
because it was the Kurds' own<br />
task to make their bor<strong>de</strong>r secure<br />
for their neighbors.<br />
The Kurdish si<strong>de</strong> was insistent,<br />
on the other hand, on official contacts<br />
b<strong>et</strong>ween Turkey and the<br />
regional Kurdish administration -<br />
which Ankara has been avoiding<br />
so far - and more importantly,<br />
Barzani<br />
reconstruction of about 300 Iraqi<br />
Kurdish villages on the bor<strong>de</strong>r.<br />
The KDP says the res<strong>et</strong>tlement of the villages will<br />
provi<strong>de</strong> the necessary logistic support to its peshmerge<br />
who would be otherwise exposed and isolated<br />
on the hostile mountains. It says the res<strong>et</strong>tlement<br />
is also important for the Kurdish economy as<br />
the r<strong>et</strong>urning villagers will be able to till their land<br />
and reduce the bur<strong>de</strong>n on the cities where unemployment<br />
and crime is rampant because of the economic<br />
refugees.<br />
The KDP also requests Turkish cash and assistance<br />
for the building of roads and bridges to facilitate<br />
access to the villages.<br />
The material cost of the package had been tentatively<br />
estimated by the Kurdish sources before as<br />
being b<strong>et</strong>ween $30 million to $50 million.<br />
The Kurdish negotiators were expected to be<br />
received by Foreign Minister Erdal Inönü, due back<br />
from a short visit to Azerbaijan, before they r<strong>et</strong>urn<br />
home.•<br />
41
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Turkey's War of Words<br />
Ya,sàr Kemal; author of 36 books, is<br />
Tur~ey's pre-eminent man of l<strong>et</strong>ters<br />
and,a perennial candidate for the Nobel'<br />
Prize in Literature. He went on<br />
trial yesterday in Istanbul on charges<br />
of .\liolating Turkey's antiterrorism<br />
laws.' The charges stem from an.article<br />
.~llout the oppressi9n of Turkish<br />
Kur4~ ~at he wrote for the German<br />
mag~{ne Der Spiegel. If convicted, he<br />
,face$;ifj; to five years in prison.<br />
1lûS'tÏ,,,ticle is adapted from a long-<br />
.er o~, i~.the January-February isslJe<br />
of In<strong>de</strong>x:on Censorship, published in<br />
London.<br />
By Yasar Kemal<br />
O .... .ne of the greatest trage-<br />
..' dies in Turkey's history<br />
is happening now.<br />
Our Kurdish brothers<br />
. are being slaugh-<br />
.• tered, and apart from<br />
.a couPJe.'~f hesitant voices, no one is<br />
stan_.up and <strong>de</strong>manding to know<br />
what tfie' Government is doing. No<br />
one is 'saying, "You are riding towards<br />
dOomsday, leaving the earth<br />
scorched in your wake." What will<br />
come of all this?<br />
Fearing that Kurdish nationalist<br />
spirit threatens. Turkish sovereignty<br />
over its eastern regions, the Government<br />
has resolved to drain the pool to<br />
catch afew fish. The world is aware of<br />
il Only the people of Turkey have<br />
been kept in ignorance; newspapers<br />
have apparently been forbid<strong>de</strong>n to<br />
write about the drainage. Or maybe<br />
there is no need for censorship: maybe<br />
our press, with its sense of patriotism<br />
and strong nationalist sentiment,<br />
chooses not to write about it, assuming<br />
the world will neither hear nor see<br />
what is happening.<br />
Our Kurdish brothers are at war to<br />
win their rights - to save their language<br />
and their culture. During the<br />
War of In<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nce of 1919to 1922we<br />
fought shoul<strong>de</strong>r to shoul<strong>de</strong>r. We established<br />
this state tog<strong>et</strong>her. Should a<br />
man eut out the tongue of his brother?<br />
Alreal,lyover 1,700,peoplehave been<br />
mur<strong>de</strong>red. The houses of nearly 2,000<br />
villages have been burned. People and<br />
animals have been burned insi<strong>de</strong><br />
them. The Government has burned<br />
almost all the forests of eastern Ana-<br />
By silencing<br />
critics, it hopes to<br />
<strong>de</strong>stroy a culture.<br />
tolia to find the guerrillas hiding out in<br />
them. Not much that could be called<br />
forest is left. Turkey is disappearing<br />
in flames along with its forests -<br />
anonymous acts of genoci<strong>de</strong> - and 2.5<br />
mUlion people have been exiled from<br />
their homes, in <strong>de</strong>sperate poverty,<br />
forced to take to the road.<br />
Last fall, the village el<strong>de</strong>rs of the<br />
eastern town of Ovacik saidthat .<br />
soldiers had burned their village;<br />
they were found <strong>de</strong>ad in the burned<br />
forests nearby a few days later. The<br />
Minister for Human Rights, Azim<strong>et</strong><br />
Koyluoglu, at first admitted that soldiers<br />
werp. burning villages, but<br />
quickly went back on his word, blaming<br />
the Kurdish separatists.<br />
The Government has also put an<br />
embargo on food' in the eastern regions.<br />
One must g<strong>et</strong> a certificate<br />
from the pOlice station in or<strong>de</strong>r to<br />
buy food (because some villagers<br />
have been feeding the guerrillas).<br />
Intellectuals in the West have begun<br />
to <strong>de</strong>bate wh<strong>et</strong>her this is a new<br />
genoci<strong>de</strong>; the possibility of a human<br />
rights court for Turkey's politicians<br />
and of an economic boycott against<br />
the country are being discussed.<br />
Turkey's lea<strong>de</strong>rs have gotten so<br />
carried away that intellectual<br />
crimes have been regar<strong>de</strong>d as<br />
among the most serious; people have<br />
rotted away in prisons, been killed<br />
and exiled for writing or speaking<br />
their minds. Over200 people are<br />
serving sentences for crimes of<br />
thought; hundreds more are on trial.<br />
Among them are professors, journalists,<br />
writers and union lea<strong>de</strong>rs.<br />
As if a racist, oppressive regime<br />
were not enough, there have been<br />
three military coups in our 70 years<br />
as a nation. Each coup has ma<strong>de</strong> the<br />
Turkish people a little more <strong>de</strong>based.<br />
They have rotted from the root -<br />
their culture, their humanity, their<br />
language: There is no reason at all<br />
for this inhuman, purposeless war.<br />
This world is a' graveyard of<br />
wrecked languages and cultures.<br />
How many soci<strong>et</strong>ies whose names<br />
and reputations we have never even<br />
heard of have come and gone in this<br />
world? As a cultural mosaic, Anatolia<br />
has been been a sourêe of many<br />
.mo<strong>de</strong>rn soci<strong>et</strong>ies. If Turkey's lea<strong>de</strong>rs<br />
had not tried to prohibit and<br />
. <strong>de</strong>stroy othp.r languages and other<br />
cultures people, Anatolia would still be a fountainhead<br />
are a country half-famished, its creative<br />
power draining away.<br />
than those of the Turkish<br />
of civilization. Insteadwe<br />
Thesole reason for this<br />
war is that cancer of.<br />
humanity, racism.<br />
Otherwise, would it be<br />
possible for rightwing,<br />
racist magazines<br />
and newspapers to <strong>de</strong>clare that<br />
"the Turkish race is superior to 'everyother"?<br />
Another popular saying is, "Happy<br />
is he who calls himself a Turk." When<br />
1first went to eastern Turkey in BI51,<br />
this slogan had been written on the<br />
mountainsi<strong>de</strong>s everywhere in enor-.<br />
mous l<strong>et</strong>ters visil;>lefrom five miles<br />
away. Even the slopes of Mount Ararat<br />
were so embellished. The entire<br />
mountain had become happy to be<br />
Turkish. Each morning, they ma<strong>de</strong><br />
the children <strong>de</strong>clare: "I am a Turk, I<br />
am honest, I am hard-working."<br />
Throughout historyall cultures<br />
have fed one another, been grafted<br />
onto one another, and in the process<br />
our world has been enriched. The.<br />
disappearance of a culture is the loss.<br />
of a color, a different light. Anatolia<br />
has always been a mosaic of flowers,<br />
filling the world with flowers and<br />
light. I want it to be the same today.<br />
If the people of a country choose to<br />
live like human beings, choose happiness<br />
and beauty, their way lies first<br />
through universal human rights and<br />
unlimited freedom of thought.. The<br />
people of countries that have. opposed<br />
this will enter the 21st century<br />
without honor. 0
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA<br />
STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZET;<br />
Turkey has no free press,<br />
says Freedom House<br />
According to last year's survey, the<br />
Turkish press was 'partly free'<br />
Turkish Daily News worst possible score. .<br />
WASHINGTON - A Freedom In terms of repressive actions<br />
House survey of the press around (killings of journalists, self-centhe<br />
world placed Turkey with the sorship, harassment, expulsion,<br />
category of countries with no violence against journalists or<br />
free press. Last year's survey facilities, <strong>et</strong>c.), Turkish broadclassified<br />
Turkish press as "part- casting was rated Il and Turkish<br />
ly free."<br />
press a full 20, where 20 was the<br />
The <strong>de</strong>tailed report "The worst possible scare.<br />
Press: Pressed and Oppressed," Turkey's total score of 73, out<br />
writfen by Leonard R. Sussman,of a worst-possible of 100 put in<br />
said Turkey fell from "partly the "not free" category, which<br />
free" to "not free" along with comprised those countries with a<br />
nine other countries: Albania, total score of 61 or worse.<br />
Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Total "press freedom" scores<br />
Malaysia, Nigeria, Sing~pore, of some other countries are as<br />
TuniSia, Yemen and Zambia. follows (the lower the score,<br />
Laws and regulations th~t more freedom of press):<br />
influence media content ID Argentina 29; Armenia 57;<br />
Turkey received a score of 7 in Australia 7; Azerbaijan 69;<br />
broadcasting, and 9 in print, on a Belgium 7; Bolivia 17; Bulgaria<br />
scale of 0-10, 10 being the most 39; Burkina Faso 37; Burma 99;<br />
repressive. Burundi 88; Canada 18; Chad<br />
. In terms of political pressures 72; China 83; Croatia 56; Cuba<br />
and controls over the media con- 90; Cyprus 24; Denmark 9;<br />
tent, Turkish broadcasting got an Egypt 81; Greece 26; Guyana 28;<br />
8, and print media.got 7. The Haiti 51; Iraq 100; Iran 83;<br />
worst possible score IS 10. Kuwait 70; Malawi 43;<br />
Economic influences over Madagascar 44; Libya 85;<br />
media content was evaluated at 4 Zimbabwe 59; United States 12;<br />
for Turkish broadcastingand 7 Uganda 38; Norway 8;<br />
for print media, with 10 the Turkmenistan 84.<br />
Court adjourns trial of<br />
Kemal for.two months<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
1STANBUL- The'. State<br />
Security Court on. F~iday<br />
adjourned to July 7 the tn~l of<br />
Turkey's best-knowp wnter,<br />
Yasar Kemal, charged with advo- ,<br />
cating separatism and fannin&<br />
public ~nrest w,ithan article p~blished<br />
ID the German magazIDe<br />
Der Spiegel last year.<br />
Responding to charges, Kemal<br />
too the court that he was against<br />
racism and had upheld unity contrary<br />
to charges of separatism.<br />
Score~. of local and foreign<br />
reporters and newsmen.with .television<br />
cameras Jostled with on~<br />
another insi<strong>de</strong> the tiny, packed<br />
courtroom to film the bùrly<br />
author, often blocking the view of<br />
the judges ~d ~efense .attorneys.<br />
More foreign Journalists were<br />
present than Turks to observe the<br />
trial. "I am not a racist. I have<br />
never been a Kurdish or a gypsy<br />
nationalist. I arn a socialist,' the<br />
69-year-old Kemal <strong>de</strong>clared.<br />
"For the past 50 years, as a<br />
writer, I fiave fought against<br />
racism. I have always sou~ht to<br />
be a unifier through mywntings,<br />
not a separatist."<br />
SATIJRDAY. MAY 6.1995<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
The barrel-chested-author as~erted he was on trial not<br />
because of his Der Spiegel article, byt due to mistranslations<br />
published by the newspapers HUrriy<strong>et</strong> and Milliy<strong>et</strong>.<br />
"The prosecutor did not build his case against my<br />
words, but on"the so-called summary reporting by<br />
Milliy<strong>et</strong> and HUrriy<strong>et</strong>, based on their so-called translations<br />
from German," Kemal said. "Sentences are takerr<br />
out of context. Passages have been removed by tweezers<br />
and changed... It would not be a lie to say this is not mr.<br />
writing. This is Hürriy<strong>et</strong>'s and Milliy<strong>et</strong>'s writing, •<br />
asserted the tall, six-foot writer.<br />
"A writer stands as a compl<strong>et</strong>e whole. A text is also a<br />
compl<strong>et</strong>e whole. If we can attribute offenses to a writer<br />
on the basis of pieces of sentences plucked and distorted<br />
out of a writing, then there is no writer in Turkey who<br />
will not be found guilty even by the most conscientious<br />
judge," said he. He accused the prosecutor of frivolity for<br />
bringing totally unfoun<strong>de</strong>d charges. "He would have at<br />
least the German version translated by a neutral p,arty, or<br />
he would have asked me for the Turkish version, ' Kemal<br />
said to the judges.<br />
If found guilty, Kemal could face two to five years in<br />
prison. Imprisoned many times for his political views,<br />
Kemal is best known for his novels <strong>de</strong>picting rural life in<br />
the southern region of Çukurova. He gained international<br />
attention in 1957 with the publication of his novel<br />
Memed, My Hawk. He has been nominated for the<br />
Nobel Prize in Literature several times, and the publicity<br />
surrounding his indictment is thought to aid his chances<br />
of winning the prestigious award. Kemal also repeated<br />
his appeal to the government to end Turkey's war with<br />
rebel Kurds in the southeast. He said more than ,three<br />
million people had been displaced by the 11- year carnp'ajÂ~against<br />
the separatist Kurdistan Workers Party<br />
(Pu). Nearly 15,000 people have been killed in Turkey<br />
since the PKK launched a bloody terrorist insurgency in<br />
the southeast in 1984.<br />
"We are obliged to end this dirty and dirtying war," he<br />
said. "First, I arn calling mothers who lost their sons in<br />
the war in the east. This war bums your hearts more than.<br />
anyone else' s. I arn calling all'Jou also esteemed judges,'<br />
to join those who want to en. this war. This country<br />
belongs to us all and <strong>de</strong>serves to live much longer in the<br />
history of mankind." Kemal, dressed in a dark suit,<br />
appeared calm and confi<strong>de</strong>nt .the charges against him<br />
would be dropped.<br />
SlI)lling and relaxed, he joked with reporters before<br />
entenng the courtroom. .<br />
"Presi<strong>de</strong>nt Süleyman Demirel has never learned any<br />
lessons from my books. How do I know? Eve!}' time I<br />
see him, he says he has read all of my works,' Kemal<br />
said to the assemble journalists, chuckling.<br />
But he càlled for sweeping changes in the constitution<br />
and accused former PreSI<strong>de</strong>nt Kenan Evren of dictatorial<br />
<strong>de</strong>si2Ilsfor having penned it. '<br />
"lte (Evren) represents the blackest page in Turkey's<br />
history," Kemal said. .<br />
Evren, the lea<strong>de</strong>r of the 1980 military coup, served as<br />
presi<strong>de</strong>nt ofTurkey from 1982-1989. Wi<strong>de</strong>spread human<br />
rights violations were reported and thousands of writers,<br />
intellectuals and workers were imprisoned during the<br />
1980- 1983 military regime led by Evren and his fellow<br />
generals. Opponents bf the 1980 constitution claim it<br />
restricts political and civilliberties.<br />
43
..Turkey, Iransign $20 billion energy accord<br />
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Secr<strong>et</strong>ary of State Warren Christopher: The' extent to which Russia is welcomed into the institutions<br />
of the West such as G-71 think will <strong>de</strong>pend upon the p~rèeptions oftheircoilduct in matters<br />
,suchas theirrelationshipwith Iranaswell as'their situation in Chechnya'<br />
" , By Ugur Alonel ,," During a press briefing held Thursday at the have "a very full plate" with à'long list of<br />
, Turkish Daily News White Hous~, Christopli<strong>et</strong> said: "It' s entirely' issues including NATO' s expansion, Russia' s<br />
WASHINGTON- The '~Kurdish issue" possible that the Kurâish issue will be .dis- relations with Iran, nuclear non-proliferation<br />
might be one of the agenda items at the me<strong>et</strong>- , cussed inconnection with the Turkish action in and the conflict in Chechnya. Clinton will visit<br />
ing of U.S. Presi<strong>de</strong>nt Bill Clinton and Russian ' Iraq, but I thinl(themention of those two sub- Ukraine as well. '.<br />
Presi<strong>de</strong>nt ,Boris Yeltsin in Moscow dllfÎ!lg the, ,jects (i.e., çyprus and Kurd.s) is an indication . Chri.st.ophe~said that Russia had to review<br />
50th anmvèrsary of V-E Day,. accordmg to . as to how Dcli the agenda IDlghtbe, and I want itS poliCies With regards to Chechnya and the<br />
Secr<strong>et</strong>ary of State Warren Christoph~r. The to emphasize that the two presi<strong>de</strong>nts only have gas centrifuge it is selling to Iran if it wants to<br />
secrétàry of state said in response to a question the second day, and JX:rhapsa small part of the be welcomed 'by the G-7 countries. "The<br />
that he didn't tlùnk Cyprus would be on the third day, ln which they miglit me<strong>et</strong>." extent to which Russia is welcomed into the<br />
. a2enda of the Clinton-yçltsin summit. . Çhristopher ad<strong>de</strong>d that the two presi<strong>de</strong>nts will, institutions of the West such as G-7 I think<br />
will <strong>de</strong>pend upon the perceptions of theif:Conduct<br />
in matters' such as therr relationship with<br />
Iran as well as their situation in Checfmya."<br />
Christopher said that Clinton ''will be remmding<br />
Presi<strong>de</strong>nt Yeltsin that none of the G-7<br />
countries feel'that it's safe to cooperate wjth<br />
Iran on nuclear matters." , '<br />
Secr<strong>et</strong>ary of Treasury Richard Rubin, speaking<br />
at the same 'press briefing, hinted that the<br />
reward for RUSSia'scompliance could be generous<br />
<strong>de</strong>bt scheduling"by th~G~7 countries.<br />
,'Agreement: Turkey ," a~cord,. whi~h comes afterne':l'Iy .40 y~ars of<br />
,. , ' ' , ' diSCUSSions, ln Ankara Esenboga airport s VIP<br />
wIll ~ecelvenatural gas. lounge prior to the Iranian <strong>de</strong>legation's <strong>de</strong>parfromIran<br />
worth $20 ' ture. " '..<br />
bill' '23' , 'd The accord foresees the bUlldlnj? of a<br />
,IOnIn . -year penQ. pipeline, called the "Tabriz-Ankara' line,<br />
, Turkish Daily News ,which will be financed by both countries, each<br />
ANKARA- Turkeyand Iran signed Friday a paying for the portion that is in their territory.<br />
' $20 billionenergy agreement in Ankara un<strong>de</strong>r Atasoy explained that Turkey would start off<br />
which Iran will provi<strong>de</strong> natural gas toTurkey buying two billion cubic m<strong>et</strong>ers of Iranian gas<br />
for 2Jyears. ' " , from 1998 to 2001. "In 2001, we will buy eight<br />
Veysel Atasoy, Turkish.natural resource,s billion cubic m<strong>et</strong>ers and increase it to 10 biland<br />
energy minister, and, Gulam 'Reza ' lion cubic m<strong>et</strong>ers from 2002," he said.<br />
Agaza<strong>de</strong>,' ~rani~~ ,op ministèr;signed tJ:1c The signing of the agreemcnt came nr,ly<br />
days after the United States announcement of a<br />
tra<strong>de</strong> and investment embargo against Tehran<br />
on grounds of Iran's alleged efforts to have<br />
nuclear weapons and its so-called support for<br />
international terrorism~ Washington has urged<br />
: its allies to follow suit, butTurkey, one of its<br />
close NATO allies, has ma<strong>de</strong> it clear it will not<br />
join the embargo. .<br />
Agaza<strong>de</strong> said that Ankara and Tehran have<br />
agreed on the feasibility of the project and on<br />
thc construction of a pipeline; "The only issue<br />
that we are still studymg is the pricing (of the<br />
gas). It will be finalIzed in the next six<br />
months," he noted.<br />
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Turkish Daily News<br />
SATURDAY,MAY6,I995<br />
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REvuE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RWISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
General StatT<br />
<strong>de</strong>clares N.lraq<br />
operation over<br />
Turkish Daily N~s<br />
ANKARA- Turkey has officially compl<strong>et</strong>ed<br />
its cross-bor<strong>de</strong>r operation against the seI>aratist<br />
Kurdish rebels in nortliern Iraq with<br />
the r<strong>et</strong>urn of the last of the 'troops which took<br />
part in the massive push, the Turkish General<br />
Staff announced onThursday.<br />
The announcement said the pullback had<br />
been compl<strong>et</strong>ed on Tuesday - seven weeks<br />
after the incursion - but the operations were<br />
being continued against the separatists insi<strong>de</strong><br />
Turkey. .<br />
On Wednesday, Defence Minister Mehm<strong>et</strong><br />
Gölhan also noted that the withdrawal had<br />
been compl<strong>et</strong>ed and "not one Turkish soldier<br />
remained in Iraq" although Deputy Prime<br />
Minister Hikm<strong>et</strong> Ç<strong>et</strong>in later said that some<br />
troops might be remaining.<br />
On March 20 Turkey sent 35,000 troops<br />
40 kilom<strong>et</strong>ers into Iraq over a 220-kilom<strong>et</strong>er<br />
str<strong>et</strong>ch of the bor<strong>de</strong>r to dislodge the<br />
Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) separatists,<br />
from their mountain bases and hi<strong>de</strong>outs.<br />
The troops have killed at least 555 separatists<br />
and captured 13, military officials<br />
announced, putting Turkey's losses at 61 soldiers<br />
killed and 178 injured.<br />
The incursion evoked a strong reaction in<br />
the West but Prime Minister Tansu Çiller, on<br />
announcing a partial withdrawallast month,<br />
said Turkey would not hesitate to send the<br />
troops back into northern Iraq if the rebels<br />
attempted to r<strong>et</strong>urn to the bor<strong>de</strong>r area.<br />
To bar the separatists from again entrenching<br />
themselves on the bor<strong>de</strong>r, Turkey has<br />
started talks with two rival Iraqi Kurdish<br />
groups, Mas'soud Barzani's Kurdistan<br />
Democratic Party (KDP) and the Patriotic<br />
Union of KurdIstan (PUK) led by lalal<br />
Talabani, to elicit their cooperation for the<br />
policing of the bor<strong>de</strong>r.<br />
'<br />
The announcement of the operation' send<br />
followed the conclusion of a second round of . ,<br />
talks b<strong>et</strong>ween the Turkish Foreign Ministry officials and<br />
a ranking KDP team of envoys on the terms of the projected<br />
security cooperation. .<br />
Sarni AbdUrrahrilan, the head of theKDP <strong>de</strong>legation,<br />
told the TON that he was encouraged after two days of<br />
negotiations but further talks were nee<strong>de</strong>d before the<br />
fmwzation of the' accord. A <strong>de</strong>legati~n from the P~~ is<br />
~~ted within the second half of this month for similar<br />
ERNK's European<br />
representative causes<br />
headache for Britain<br />
At trial, German prosecutor officially<br />
requests Kani Yllmaz's<br />
extradition<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
ANKARA- Kani Yllmaz, the European representative<br />
of the ERNK - a cover organization of the outlawed<br />
Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) - who has been un<strong>de</strong>r<br />
arrest since Oct. 26, 1994, is causing a headache for<br />
Britain. The trial against Yllmaz began in a hall in<br />
Belmarsh Prison on Thursday. Germany, which holds<br />
Yllmaz responsible for various violent acts, officially<br />
requ7sted his extradition from Britain during the proceedmgs.<br />
According to a report by the Cologne-based ~urd-~<br />
News Agency,which operates as a PKK mouthpIece, It<br />
was the prosecutor from Germany who first took the<br />
floor dunng the six-hour hearing.<br />
He read out the 83-page German indictment against<br />
Yllmaz, and, ~ointing out that Yllmaz had been<br />
involved in vanous violent inci<strong>de</strong>nts in Germany, he<br />
asked for Yllmaz's extradition.<br />
After the indictment was read out, Nicholas Black,<br />
one of the three attorneys who <strong>de</strong>fen<strong>de</strong>d Yllmaz, spoke<br />
on behalf of his colleagues and said that the accusations<br />
against their client were baseless and therefore there<br />
was no need for Yllmaz's extradition to Germany.<br />
Attorney Brigitte Irving claimed that her client was<br />
known as the official representative of the Kurds in<br />
Europe and that he had ma<strong>de</strong> statements to the media as<br />
a Kurdish official. "Y Ilmaz is a political person.<br />
Accusations against him lack any grounds,"lrving said.<br />
German Attorney Eberhard Schulz, who was asked<br />
his opinion as an expert, claimed that the dossiers prepared<br />
by German prosecutors contained erroneous information<br />
and said Yllmaz should not be extradited to<br />
Germany.<br />
.'<br />
The case against Yllmaz. was adjourned until May Il<br />
for the hearing of other witnesses' testimony and for<br />
<strong>de</strong>fense ar$uments. Meanwhile, many Kurds staged<br />
<strong>de</strong>monstratIons in London and in front of British offices<br />
in Vienna, Hamburg, Bonn, Marseilles and Athens.<br />
Demonstrators rep,ortedly chanted slogans praising PKK<br />
lea<strong>de</strong>r Abdullah Ocalan and Kani Yllmaz and criticized<br />
the stance of Britain.<br />
SATURDAY. MAY 6. 1995 Turkish Daily News<br />
45
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA<br />
STAMPA.DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN Ö~ET(<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
ANKARA- The former minister for<br />
human rights called a press conference in<br />
Parliament on Friday to make public a<br />
report prepared by a Prime Ministry advisory<br />
committee at the beginning of this<br />
year but kept secr<strong>et</strong> due to its claims of.<br />
systematic torture in Turkey.<br />
Azim<strong>et</strong> Köylüoglu said unfortùnately<br />
the report,prepared by the Human Rights .<br />
Advisory Committee, had not been<br />
released and "since I wanted the<br />
. Parliament and the public to know about<br />
it, I ma<strong>de</strong> it public."<br />
The former minister said the document<br />
Was compl<strong>et</strong>ed in January andhe had pre~<br />
sented it to Prime Minister Çiller and her<br />
former <strong>de</strong>puty, Murat Karayalçm, for it to<br />
be ma<strong>de</strong> pubIiç, .<br />
Köylüoglu was the minster responsible<br />
for human rights in the Çiller-Karayalçm<br />
Cabin<strong>et</strong>, but lost his post in the reshuffle<br />
of March 23 this year. During his time in..<br />
this post, Köylüoglu refused again and<br />
again to release the report on torture. The<br />
advisory committee which prepared ~he<br />
report, entitled .<br />
"Individual security and protection<br />
against torture and inhuman treatment,"<br />
comprised 23 members, including schol-.<br />
ars and experts in the field ..<br />
The report states: "Even some state<br />
.official~, som<strong>et</strong>imes .acceptth;u therds<br />
'~(:eA~t::~~~:t~~;l~~~~~=~:.<br />
the customuiHon'aècord with:,the<br />
are punished.<br />
This contradicts the current situation.<br />
Even the 51 st Cabin<strong>et</strong> of Turkey has'<br />
ma<strong>de</strong> some small steps toward stopping<br />
torture. Some sections of the Interior<br />
Ministry have been regularly applying<br />
torture."<br />
The Human RightsAdvisory<br />
Committee based its findings on docu~<br />
ments produced by the United Nations<br />
and international nongovernmental organizations<br />
concerning human rights viola-<br />
. tions in Turkey;<br />
The committee noted in its report that<br />
the fact-finding work in the report was<br />
based on the reports of other'organiza •..<br />
lions' "bècause ourcömmittëê~'hàS:. nor<br />
bëen ällowed to makè its"own:obseNa-' ..<br />
tions in the field."<br />
According to the report, toprevent tor- .<br />
ture, legislative, executive and judicial<br />
changes should be ma<strong>de</strong> in Turkey. Also,<br />
the report proposes the adoption in<br />
Turkey of international principles of<br />
. humanitarian legislation and internalleg- .<br />
islative changes. . • .<br />
It says tortu.re should be <strong>de</strong>fined "a<br />
crime against humanity" in the Penal<br />
. Co<strong>de</strong> and torturers should be heavily puri- .<br />
ished so they do not encourage such<br />
practices in the future. According to the<br />
. report, torture is wi<strong>de</strong>ly used at police stations,<br />
so periods of <strong>de</strong>tention should be<br />
.reduced and use of blindfolds should be<br />
banned:<br />
Thé repOrt al'so says torture .victims<br />
should be taken care of by the. govern-<br />
. ment and. free medical treatment .should<br />
be provi<strong>de</strong>d for their rehabilitation.<br />
Moreover, security personnel should be<br />
educated in human rights, according to<br />
the report.<br />
Within the framework of so-called<br />
"<strong>de</strong>mocratization" in Turkey, the coalition<br />
. government promised to establish a<br />
human rights ministry, but unfortunately,<br />
this has not come about. .<br />
Instead, One of the slate ministries has<br />
been appointed to <strong>de</strong>al with the human<br />
rights question in Turkey and the prime<br />
minister appointed 23 specialists and<br />
. schol.~ to .fopna ~,~~ rights. ad~isory;.<br />
cormmttee Just before Chefirst me<strong>et</strong>ing on<br />
European Union last fall.<br />
The committee . finally came . out with<br />
three reports: one on torture: one on the<br />
emergency rule region; and one on human<br />
rights education in Turkey. Unfortunately<br />
none of these reports had been ma<strong>de</strong> public,<br />
until Friday, when former minister<br />
Köylüoglu releasedthè report on torture ..<br />
Speaking at the press conference,<br />
Köylüoglu said that to say torture has not<br />
been taking place in Turkey was the worst<br />
thing that one could do to the country .<br />
. He also <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>d that the military<br />
comman<strong>de</strong>r responsible for the Sept. 12,<br />
1980coup should be put on trial and pun-<br />
.ished:According -to-'Turkey's 1982<br />
Constitution, drawn up by the military,<br />
the generals 'involved ip the Sept.' 12 coup<br />
cannot. be charged for activities carried<br />
out by them during their time in power.<br />
. . .'<br />
46
Kampf türkischer Intellektueller gegen <strong>de</strong>n Staat<br />
Prozess gegen <strong>de</strong>n Autor Yasar Kemal<br />
Am Freitag hat im Istanbuler Staatssicherheitsgericht <strong>de</strong>r Prozess gegen <strong>de</strong>n Schriftsteller<br />
Yasar Kenial begonnen. Er wird wegen eines in einem <strong>de</strong>utschen Magazin veröffentlichten<br />
Artikels <strong>de</strong>s Separatismus angeklagt. Das Verfahren gegen <strong>de</strong>n V<strong>et</strong>eranen <strong>de</strong>r türkischen<br />
Literatur hat in <strong>de</strong>r Türkei eine enorme Protestbewegung ausgelöst. Hun<strong>de</strong>rte von Intellektuellen<br />
beschuldigten sich vor Son<strong>de</strong>rgerichten .. separatistische Propaganda zu b<strong>et</strong>reiben.<br />
"<br />
it. istanbul.<br />
5. Mai<br />
Der bekannte, wegen seiner bissigen Satire<br />
auch gefùrcht<strong>et</strong>e türkische Autor Aziz Nesin ist<br />
am Mittwoch vor <strong>de</strong>m Staatssicherheitsgericht in<br />
Istanbul erschienen. Dem Staatsanwalt dieses<br />
halb militärisch und halb zivil bes<strong>et</strong>zten Son<strong>de</strong>rgerichtes<br />
erklärte <strong>de</strong>r greise, zerbrechliche Autor,<br />
er habe willentlich «separatistische Propaganda»<br />
b<strong>et</strong>rieben. Rund zwanzig teils bekannte, teils<br />
weniger bekannte Literaten, die sich am Mittwoch<br />
im kleinen Hof <strong>de</strong>s Gerichtes eingefun<strong>de</strong>n hatten,<br />
sind <strong>de</strong>m Beispiel Nesins gefolgt. Der Wortlaut<br />
ihrer Selbst<strong>de</strong>nunziationen war meist karg und in<br />
<strong>de</strong>r Aussage ähnlich. Je<strong>de</strong>r <strong>de</strong>r Selbstankläger be- ,<br />
zeugte, er habe aus eigenem Willen gegen <strong>de</strong>n<br />
Separatismus-Artikel <strong>de</strong>s Antiterrorges<strong>et</strong>zes ver-,<br />
stassen und sei sich seiner Schuld bewusst. Weitere<br />
Aussagen wur<strong>de</strong>n verweigert.<br />
Massenbewegung'<br />
Dieser Vorgang spielt sich vor <strong>de</strong>n Staatssicherheitsgerichten<br />
von Istanbul und Ankara und<br />
an<strong>de</strong>ren türkischen Grossstädten seit Mitte März<br />
täglich ab. Dabei wer<strong>de</strong>n die Wochentage je nach<br />
Berufsgruppen <strong>de</strong>r Selbstankläger aufg<strong>et</strong>eilt. Mittwoch<br />
dieser Woche war Tag <strong>de</strong>r Schriftsteller,<br />
Donnerstag galt als <strong>de</strong>r Tag <strong>de</strong>r Schauspieler. Bisher<br />
haben sich I:Und200 Intellektuelle <strong>de</strong>r Separatismus-Propaganda<br />
selbst beschuldigt. Einige<br />
Tausend mehr warten darauf, ihre Schuldbekenntnisse<br />
abzulegen. Die Bewegung <strong>de</strong>r Selbstankläger<br />
könnte allein. schon wegen ihres Ausrnasses<br />
<strong>de</strong>n Rahmen <strong>de</strong>r Sond~rgerichte sprengen.<br />
Die Protestbewegung <strong>de</strong>r türkischen Intellektuellen<br />
hat sich laut ihrem Sprecher, Sanar Yurdatapan,<br />
En<strong>de</strong> Januar formiert. Damal~ wur<strong>de</strong><br />
Yasar Kemal vom Staatsanwalt wegen emes von<br />
ihm verfassten, im <strong>de</strong>utschen Magazin «Der Spiegel»<br />
erschienenen Berichts vorgela<strong>de</strong>n. Unter<br />
<strong>de</strong>m Titel «Feldzug <strong>de</strong>r Lügen» hatte Kemal über<br />
die Verfolgung <strong>de</strong>r Kur<strong>de</strong>n und die ~issachte~en<br />
Menschenrechte, über <strong>de</strong>n schmutzIgen Krieg<br />
und <strong>de</strong>n hohen Blutzoll in Südostanatolien bericht<strong>et</strong>.<br />
«Wir in <strong>de</strong>r Türkei sollten immer daran<br />
<strong>de</strong>nken, dass <strong>de</strong>r Weg zu einer echten Demokratie<br />
nur über die friedliche Lösung <strong>de</strong>r Kur<strong>de</strong>nfrage<br />
führt», laut<strong>et</strong>e sein Fazit. Die Anklage gegen<br />
Kemal hat die von einer oft fast grenzenlosen Ge-'<br />
duld gegenüber Interventionen <strong>de</strong>s Staates gezeichn<strong>et</strong>e<br />
Welt türkischer Intellektueller erschüttert.<br />
Das Staatssicherheitsgericht in Istanbul hat am<br />
Freitag nach einer Anhörung Kemals <strong>de</strong>n Prozess<br />
auf <strong>de</strong>n 12. Juni vertagt, um eine bessere Übers<strong>et</strong>-<br />
'zuog <strong>de</strong>s kritisierten Artikels zu beschaffen. Der<br />
72jährige Kemal prägte mît seinen Romanen und<br />
Erzählungen über Anatolien die jüngere Generationen<br />
<strong>de</strong>r türkischen Literaten. Der Prozess<br />
gegen ihn wur<strong>de</strong> plötzlich zum Symbol <strong>de</strong>s<br />
Kampfes fùr Meinungsfreiheit. Achtzig Intellektuelle<br />
teilten im Januar öffentlich mit, wenn<br />
Kemals Artikel ein Verbrechen gegen '<strong>de</strong>n Staat<br />
sei, so seien sie <strong>de</strong>sselben Verbrechens schuldig.<br />
In <strong>de</strong>n folgen<strong>de</strong>n Monaten schlossen sich <strong>de</strong>r<br />
Bewegung mehrere hun<strong>de</strong>rt Intellektuelle aus<br />
<strong>de</strong>m ganzen Land an. Das führte dazu, dass im<br />
März ein Buch unter <strong>de</strong>m Titel «Gedankenfreiheib><br />
von <strong>de</strong>n Oppositionellen veröffentlicht<br />
wur<strong>de</strong>. Darin erscheinen Texte von Intellektuellen<br />
wie Haluk Gerger, Fikr<strong>et</strong> Baskaya und Ismail Be-,<br />
sikci, die weg~n wissenschaftlicher Arbeiten o<strong>de</strong>r<br />
öffentlicher Ausserungen noch immer in Haft<br />
sind. Auch Texte <strong>de</strong>r Journalisten Günay AsIan<br />
und Oral Calislar, die wegen ihrer Berichterstattung<br />
verurteilt wur<strong>de</strong>n, wur<strong>de</strong>n in <strong>de</strong>m Buch<br />
publiziert ..Weil das Ges<strong>et</strong>z für Verleger «separatistischer<br />
Schriften» gleich hohe Strafen wie für<br />
<strong>de</strong>ren Autoren vorsieht, haben sich 1080 Intellektuelle<br />
im Buch als Verleger eing<strong>et</strong>ragen. In einer<br />
zweiten Auflage haben sich bereits über 15 000<br />
Personen als Verleger eing<strong>et</strong>ragen. Wer<strong>de</strong>n nun<br />
die Son<strong>de</strong>rgerichte gegen alle diese Intellektuellen<br />
Verfahren einleiten?<br />
Umstrittenes<br />
Ges<strong>et</strong>z<br />
Rein formell sollte dies <strong>de</strong>r Fall sein. Artikel 8<br />
<strong>de</strong>s Antiterrorges<strong>et</strong>zes schreibt unmissverständlich<br />
vor, dass «geschriebene o<strong>de</strong>r verbale Propaganda,<br />
welche die unteilbare Einheit <strong>de</strong>s Staates<br />
<strong>de</strong>r türkischen Republik zu schädigen tracht<strong>et</strong> ...<br />
verboten ist, ungeacht<strong>et</strong> davon, mit welchen<br />
M<strong>et</strong>ho<strong>de</strong>n o<strong>de</strong>r Absichten sie b<strong>et</strong>rieben wur<strong>de</strong>».<br />
Auf Grund dieses Artikels sind bereits über 100<br />
Intellektuelle verurteilt wor<strong>de</strong>n. Auch die Verurteilung<br />
Kemals gilt als sicher. Sollten die Justizbehör<strong>de</strong>n<br />
auf einer konsequenten Linie beharren,<br />
müssten sie die 15 000 Intellektuellen verurteilen.<br />
Als Ausweg bleibt nur eine Än<strong>de</strong>rung <strong>de</strong>s Antiterrorges<strong>et</strong>zes.<br />
Vor zwei Monaten, zu Zeiten <strong>de</strong>r Unterzeichnung<br />
<strong>de</strong>s Abkommens über eine Zollunion zwischen<br />
<strong>de</strong>r EU und Ankara, hatte die Regierungschefin<br />
Ciller ihren europäischen Amtskollegen<br />
eine entsprechen<strong>de</strong> Än<strong>de</strong>rung <strong>de</strong>s umstrittenen<br />
Ges<strong>et</strong>zesartikels versprochen. Das Europaparlament<br />
sowie <strong>de</strong>r Europarat haben die Verbesserung<br />
<strong>de</strong>r Beziehungen mit <strong>de</strong>r Türkei von <strong>de</strong>r Annullierung<br />
dieses Ges<strong>et</strong>zes abhängig gemacht.<br />
Frau Ciller scheint mittlerweile von diesem Ziel<br />
aber abgekommen zu sein. Zu gross ist <strong>de</strong>r Wi<strong>de</strong>rstand<br />
in <strong>de</strong>n Kreisen <strong>de</strong>r Armee, in ihrer eigenen<br />
Partei und in <strong>de</strong>r Opposition. Gegen eine Abschwächung<br />
<strong>de</strong>s Artikels 8 hat sich aber am<br />
schärfsten <strong>de</strong>r Präsi<strong>de</strong>nt Demirel gewen<strong>de</strong>t. In<br />
einer feurigen Re<strong>de</strong> erklärte er, <strong>de</strong>r Westen wünsche<br />
keine starke Türkei. Während die westlichen<br />
Regierungen von Achtung<strong>de</strong>r Menschenrechte,<br />
Demokratisierung in <strong>de</strong>r Türkei und von einer<br />
politischen Lösung <strong>de</strong>r Kur<strong>de</strong>nfrage sprächen,<br />
tracht<strong>et</strong>en sie in Wirklichkeit danach, die Türkei<br />
zu spalten und einen Kur<strong>de</strong>nstaat zu grün<strong>de</strong>n.<br />
Für die Intellektuellen <strong>de</strong>r Bewegung für Meinungsfreiheit<br />
hatte <strong>de</strong>r Präsi<strong>de</strong>nt lediglich Verachtun~<br />
übri~. Er nannte sie kurz Vaterlandsverräter.<br />
47
REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ~RIVISTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZETi<br />
US on the pullout<br />
from northern Iraq:<br />
'Çiller kept her word'<br />
By Ui!ur AkIncl<br />
lurkish Daily News<br />
WASHINGTON- The U.S. State Department has<br />
,said that Washington is "very pleas~d to see. that the<br />
Turkish government has ac~edupo~,ItScOffiffiltm~ntto<br />
the United States and the mternatlOnal commuruty to<br />
withdraw nearly all, a substantial number of its forces,<br />
fonn northern Iraq." ,<br />
On Thursday, the Turkish Genera! Staff, as well. as<br />
Defense Minister Mehm<strong>et</strong> Gölhan SaId that all Turkish<br />
troops have been withdraw~ from nort~ern Iraq. "<br />
"We did not have a single soldier left the~e,<br />
Gölhan emphasi7ed <strong>de</strong>spite the fact that Deputy Pnme<br />
Minister Hikm<strong>et</strong> C<strong>et</strong>in said a limited number of troops'<br />
were still ins!<strong>de</strong> Iraq. The Stat~ Department àdopted<br />
Hikm<strong>et</strong>'s versIOnof tfie recent Withdrawal.<br />
''We are in contact with the Turkish government, and<br />
are pleased to note that nearly ~ the 35,009 troops have<br />
<strong>de</strong>parted. There may be ~ we re not q~Ite sure - a<br />
liniited number of soldiers on the other Si<strong>de</strong> of the bor<strong>de</strong>r<br />
in mopping-up operations." State Department<br />
~okesman Nicholas Bums sai.d they.~ere pl~ased that<br />
yiller kept her word."When Pnme Mlruster Çlller came<br />
here, she assured the presi<strong>de</strong>nt and t~e secr<strong>et</strong>~ t~at.the<br />
Turkish oovernment would keep this operatiOn liffi1ted,<br />
in scope ~d duration, and she has done so ... we're very<br />
pleased to note this <strong>de</strong>velopment."<br />
Attack on Aktuna<br />
When asked what the official U.S. reaction was to the<br />
recent attack in Greece on State Minister and government<br />
spokesman YlldmI!l Aktu?a; Bu~s s~d:" ,<br />
"We are aware of thiS particular SItUatIOn, Bums<br />
,said. "And we are acutely aware 'and ha~e been for ,a<br />
lono, Iona time of some of the problems m the Greek-<br />
Turkish r~lations," he ad<strong>de</strong>d.<br />
"We are a strono ally of both countries, and both are<br />
valued members 01 NATO, and we have every confi<strong>de</strong>nce<br />
that Greece and Turkey can work out these problems<br />
... They both have strong governments, effective<br />
governments, and they ought to be able to work o~,t<br />
these problems, and we would call upon them to do so.<br />
No info on PKK involvement<br />
According topress reports, there were many pro-<br />
PKK Kurdish actIvists ca.rrying PKK flagsand pictures<br />
of PKK lea<strong>de</strong>r Abdullah Ocalan among thegroup of<br />
400 that attacked Turkish government spokesm.an in<br />
Greece. But Bums said he was not aware of any mformation<br />
"that would lead us to think that Greece, sup- ,<br />
ports, is actively suPP?~ng, the PKK. And I ~~ rou<br />
know our general posItIon on the PKK. We think It sa<br />
,notorious terrorist organization which <strong>de</strong>serves to be<br />
acted agàinst. That is what the Turkish government h~s<br />
been doing for a consi<strong>de</strong>rable number of. weeks ... I~IS<br />
absolutely necessary to protect the Tur~sh popula~on<br />
from terrorist attacks, and also the Kurdish p?pulal1on<br />
in northern Iraq and in Turkey from the activities of the<br />
PKK." ,<br />
SUNDAY. MAY 7,1995<br />
Russiaand Iran reach accord in<br />
principle on nuclear technology<br />
Agence France Presse<br />
MOSCOW- Russian officials have<br />
reached accord in principle to sell Iran<br />
controversial techriology for enriching<br />
uranium, but have not signed the <strong>de</strong>al,<br />
Sergei Medve<strong>de</strong>v, spokesman for<br />
Presi<strong>de</strong>nt Boris Yeltsin said Saturday.<br />
Any part of the <strong>de</strong>al that co.ntravenes<br />
the rules of the InternatIOnal<br />
Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)<br />
watchdog body will be called off,<br />
Medve<strong>de</strong>v told AFP. The sale of the<br />
centrifuge, capable of preparing uranium<br />
for use in a nuclear bomb, is<br />
fiercely opposed ~ythe United States.<br />
Yeltsin is aware' .~f the preliminary<br />
Turk~h,Dairy News<br />
accord but is leaving the negotiations<br />
to the atomic energy ministry',<br />
Medve<strong>de</strong>v said. The presi<strong>de</strong>nt will<br />
examine the accord if it comes to a<br />
final agreement and "everything that<br />
goes against the <strong>de</strong>mands of the IAEA<br />
will be eliminated," Medve<strong>de</strong>v said.<br />
"If (the accord) really contradicts<br />
the <strong>de</strong>mands of IAEA" the centrifuge<br />
wi'll not be sold, he said. Earlier<br />
Saturday, Russia's top atomic energy<br />
inspector blasted the aeal, saying that<br />
Iran had no need for a centnfuge for<br />
enriching uranium 235 in or<strong>de</strong>r to<br />
provi<strong>de</strong> nuclear fuel for pëaéeful purposes.<br />
LE MONDE / SAMEDI 6 MAI 1995/3<br />
Fin <strong>de</strong> l'intervention turque,<br />
dans le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak<br />
LE MINISTRE turc <strong>de</strong> la défense, Mehm<strong>et</strong> Gölhan, a déclaré, jeudi 4<br />
mai, que l'ensemble <strong>de</strong>s troupes engagées <strong>de</strong>puis le 20 mars .<strong>de</strong>rnier<br />
contre les bases du PKK au nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak avaient été rapatriées. Le<br />
vice-premier ministre, Hikm<strong>et</strong> C<strong>et</strong>in, a, par la suite, précisé que quel.;<br />
ques hommes se trouvaient encore en territoire irakien, mais l'incursion<br />
militaire semble sur le point <strong>de</strong> se terminer. Le bilan officiel<br />
'<strong>de</strong>s pertes infligées au PKK serait <strong>de</strong> 555 morts <strong>et</strong> 13 prisonniers. Le<br />
,gouvernement cherche maintenant à définir la politique régionale <strong>de</strong><br />
la Thrquie, après son offensive en Irak; Une délégation du Parti démocratique<br />
du Kurdistan (PDK) est en pourparlers avec les autorités<br />
turques pour tenter <strong>de</strong> trouver une formule satisfaisante pour le maintien<br />
<strong>de</strong> la sécurité frontalière contre les incursions du PKK.- (Corresp.)<br />
48
"<br />
.'<br />
Sami Abdurrahman,<br />
the KOP <strong>de</strong>legation chief.<br />
IDN Ali Fuall1ay<br />
KDP: With 20,000 men<br />
we can keep bor<strong>de</strong>r safe<br />
Terms: Villages have to be rebuilt as<br />
logistic bases. We do not ask for recognition<br />
of the regional 'government, but we will<br />
s<strong>et</strong>tle for nothing less than fe<strong>de</strong>ration<br />
BYRa~it Gürdilek / Turkish Daily Ne'I'.'s<br />
ANKARA- The thief of the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP)<br />
negotiators, who conferred with Turkish Foreign Ministry officials<br />
here last week, said :l "serious force" of up to 20,000 Kurdish fighters<br />
was nee<strong>de</strong>d to prevent the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) separatists<br />
r<strong>et</strong>urning to the bor<strong>de</strong>r after Turkey's just-conclu<strong>de</strong>d cross-bor<strong>de</strong>r<br />
operation. .<br />
In an exclusive interview with the Turkish Daily News, Sami<br />
Ankara drafts<br />
working plan<br />
for Europe<br />
Cooperation and Confronta~ori:<br />
Turkey will cooperate with European<br />
countries and institutions, but will<br />
confront its allies if its vital interests<br />
such as territorial integrity and<br />
security are threatened.<br />
Obligations of Turkey and Europe:<br />
Turkey must do what it can to<br />
<strong>de</strong>mocratize further, but Europe<br />
should also be careful to carry out<br />
its obligation to fight terrorism.<br />
By Nazlan Ertan<br />
Turkish Dai/v News<br />
ANKARA- After a two-day brain-storming<br />
session which en<strong>de</strong>d Saturday, key Turkish<br />
diplomats have built a working plan which<br />
inclu<strong>de</strong>s a "confrontation and cooperation"<br />
strategy toward its European allies.<br />
The "consultations" me<strong>et</strong>ing of the Foreign<br />
Minjs~ry took place against a background of<br />
<strong>de</strong>CISIOns by the Council of Europe and<br />
European Parliament which were unfavorahle<br />
to Turkey, the establishment of a Kurdish<br />
"parliament-in-exile" and efforts of ER...~ the<br />
political wing of Kurdistan Workers' Party<br />
(PKK), to extend its influence in various<br />
European countries; Ankara is worried that the<br />
European Parliament will not ratify the customs<br />
union, which is Turkey's main foreign<br />
policyobjective.<br />
"Turkey is at its most crucial lime ever in<br />
terms of its relations with Europe," a senior<br />
diplomatic source told the Turkish Daily<br />
News, adding that Ankara's aim was to obtain<br />
Abdurrahman, a close ai<strong>de</strong> of the<br />
KDP lea<strong>de</strong>r Massoud Barzani, also<br />
said that the rebuilding of the 350<br />
villages on the Turkish bor<strong>de</strong>r was a<br />
prerequisite<br />
artangernent.'<br />
for the bor<strong>de</strong>r security<br />
.<br />
He said the KDP bor<strong>de</strong>r force,<br />
with Turkey's financial assistance,<br />
would be capable militarily of keeping<br />
the separatists away from tlie<br />
bor<strong>de</strong>r "because we don't want anybody<br />
to harm our fragile entity In<br />
northern Iraq."<br />
Although Turkey was hoping to<br />
draw the Patriotic Umon of<br />
Kurdistan (PUK), the KDP's chief<br />
rival and antagonist, into the security<br />
arrangement, Abdurrahman left no<br />
doubt that <strong>de</strong>spite the current truce<br />
b<strong>et</strong>ween the warring si<strong>de</strong>s, temperatures<br />
were still too high to allow a<br />
working cooperation.<br />
He accused the PUK lea<strong>de</strong>r of<br />
mocking the world, by calling for<br />
recognitIOn of the Kurdish regIonal<br />
government after <strong>de</strong>stroying it himself<br />
by occupying Erbil, the seat for<br />
that government. Abdurrahman also<br />
said that suagestions for the normalization<br />
of re1ations b<strong>et</strong>ween Baghdad<br />
and the Kurds had also been taken up<br />
in the talks with Turkish officials lea<br />
by Ambassador Gün Gür, who<br />
recently held talks in Baghdad with<br />
Iraqi officials, but he saId they did<br />
not think it was the riaht time for the<br />
implementation of UN. Resolution<br />
688 - calling Baghdad to address<br />
the grievances of all of its citizens<br />
(including the Iraqi Kurds).<br />
The KDP official said the Iraqi<br />
Kurds. if they ever sit down with<br />
Ba&hdad for negotiations, will not<br />
s<strong>et</strong>ue for anything less than a fe<strong>de</strong>ration<br />
and said "no one should feel nervous<br />
about that."<br />
the ratification of the customs union without<br />
<strong>de</strong>lay.<br />
"But It is clear that there are misun<strong>de</strong>rstandings<br />
among our Western allies reaardin*<br />
human rights and our fight against terr~rism. '<br />
U¥!e ~i1l cooperate with our European allies in<br />
bnngmg our system up to their standard, provi<strong>de</strong><br />
transparency about what they<br />
want to learn, but we will confront<br />
them when we feel our vital interests<br />
s~ch as our t.erri~orial integrity, secu~<br />
Tlty and umtanan state are being<br />
threa~ened," a diplomat said. The<br />
workmg plan, drafted during an<br />
around-tlie-c1ock me<strong>et</strong>ing on<br />
Saturday and as y<strong>et</strong> unfimshed,<br />
envisages a number of short, medium<br />
and long-tenn measures that will be<br />
submitted to the presi<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
government.<br />
and the<br />
For example, high-level diplomacy<br />
and f<strong>et</strong>ter-writing, combined with<br />
inviting key Euro-MPs to Turkey and<br />
49
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
helpmg thèrti to talk with whomever<br />
they want, is ~tipu!ated ,in the !,,?rking<br />
plan. Inthis vem, Pn'11e MInister<br />
Tansu Çiller, in <strong>Paris</strong> and Moscow<br />
on Monday and Tuesday, will speak<br />
with global lea<strong>de</strong>rs to explain<br />
Turkey's commitment to <strong>de</strong>mocratization<br />
and its Western orientation.<br />
Similarly, Turkish Foreign<br />
.Minister Erdallnönü will also travel<br />
to various European capitals to<br />
explain Turkey's<br />
Ankara will<br />
case abroad.<br />
also invite various<br />
influential Euro-MPs to Turkey,<br />
.starting with Pauline Greene, the<br />
head 'of the socialist wing in the<br />
European Parliament, and former<br />
.Council of Europe Secr<strong>et</strong>ary-General<br />
,Catherine Lalumiere. The visits are<br />
expected to take place b<strong>et</strong>ween May<br />
23-26 ..<br />
Ankara has also just hosted a parliamentary<br />
<strong>de</strong>legation from the<br />
Organization of Conference and<br />
Security and Cooperation in Europe<br />
(OS CE) which had the opportunity to<br />
speak to many people, mcluding ~e<br />
former Democracy Party <strong>de</strong>puties<br />
apd the prime minister. . '<br />
The l<strong>et</strong>-them-come-and-see-<br />
Turkeyattitu<strong>de</strong> adopted by the me<strong>et</strong>-<br />
,ing of diplomats<br />
change from the'<br />
marks a major<br />
.<br />
cio se- au r-bor<strong>de</strong>rs -10-0 b servers<br />
approach<br />
Mlllister<br />
adopted by former Foreign<br />
Mümtaz . Say saI. The<br />
Foreign Ministry now favors a more<br />
transparent attitu<strong>de</strong> toward<br />
Westerners whowant to see Turkey.<br />
"Our, long-term policy is to<br />
improve our image," a dir.lomat who<br />
atten<strong>de</strong>d the talks said. 'There is a<br />
group of prejudiced people who is<br />
beyond our reach. But there is also a.<br />
larger group who can be persua<strong>de</strong>d<br />
to distinguish b<strong>et</strong>ween human rights<br />
and fight against terrorism."<br />
. But <strong>de</strong>spite' the acute differences<br />
b<strong>et</strong>ween FM hawks and doves, both<br />
si<strong>de</strong>s believe that "persuasion" is<br />
only possible if coupled with the<br />
swift ratification of <strong>de</strong>mocratization'<br />
package, '.'We have been saying the<br />
same thing to the Europeans for the<br />
past three years, Now they want to<br />
see results," another ambassador.<br />
said. Foreign Millister Erd~llnö~ü,<br />
who co-chaired the, me<strong>et</strong>mg WIth<br />
Deputy Prime Minister Hikm<strong>et</strong><br />
C<strong>et</strong>m, reaffmned Turkey's <strong>de</strong>sire for<br />
further <strong>de</strong>mocratization.<br />
"We have supported<br />
.<br />
human rights<br />
from the very beginning. ~u~ we are<br />
surprised the way the pnnclples of<br />
human rights, which we have supported<br />
from the very be&inning, have.<br />
been turned against us, , lnönü said<br />
as he opened the conference. While<br />
there is consensus on the need to<br />
finalize the <strong>de</strong>mocratization package,<br />
hawks<br />
wh<strong>et</strong>her<br />
and doves<br />
this would<br />
still disagree.<br />
be enough to ,.',<br />
counter the critics of TurkeY: Those<br />
ambassadors stationed in European<br />
capitals that had allowed ERNK<br />
officesstressedan increasing ten<strong>de</strong>ncy<br />
in some European circles to see in<br />
Kurdish separatists "a new Palestine<br />
Liberation Organization."<br />
Those ambassadors noted that the<br />
number of ERNK offices is increasing<br />
rapidly. ERNK has just opened<br />
one in Copenhagen and plan to open<br />
.olhers in Oslo, Stockholm and<br />
.Helsinki soon. 'J!1ey ~Is~ r~.p0rted the<br />
argument of vanous allies' that they<br />
could not prevent the me<strong>et</strong>ing of the<br />
Kurdish 'parliament-in-exile" in<br />
their territory so long as it was "nonviolent."<br />
"Turkey's unitarian nature is one<br />
of our key concep.ts," a senior diplomat<br />
said. "We wlll continue to stress<br />
it, but also reaffrrm our government's<br />
plan for more human and political<br />
Presi<strong>de</strong>nt Süleyman Demirel: Un<strong>de</strong>r fire for<br />
'faulty bor<strong>de</strong>r' remark<br />
Baghdad blasts<br />
Demirel over<br />
bor<strong>de</strong>r remarks<br />
Reuter<br />
BAGHDAD- Iraq lashed ou.t at Turkish<br />
Presi<strong>de</strong>nt Süleyman Demirel on Sunday as<br />
relations b<strong>et</strong>ween the two neighbors soured<br />
over bor<strong>de</strong>r<br />
rebels. -<br />
issues and ties withKurdish<br />
. For the third day state-owned newseapers<br />
carried editorials and commentanes<br />
lambasting Turkey andstressin~ that<br />
Baghdad would do everything possible to<br />
thwart. any bid by Ankara to establish a<br />
foothold in northern Iràq..<br />
Al- Thawra newspaper of the rulIng<br />
. rights.'"<br />
The difference b<strong>et</strong>ween hawks and<br />
doves about. the <strong>de</strong>gree to which<br />
Turkey might g<strong>et</strong> "tough" was also<br />
an important topic.while one si<strong>de</strong><br />
wanted shang measures against<br />
countries that allowed the Kurdish<br />
parliament-in-exile, the other si<strong>de</strong><br />
said there was no point in putting all<br />
the European countries on the "redlist"<br />
thereby increasing Turkey's isolationism<br />
- and playing into the<br />
hands of Kurdish seraratisls. .<br />
"The nuances 0 the policies of<br />
various states toward Kurdish separatism<br />
should be duly noted in our<br />
diplomatic contacts. We have ma<strong>de</strong><br />
that clear in our working plan," a<br />
diplomat said. The draft plan also<br />
called for "cooperation" b<strong>et</strong>ween the<br />
Foreign Ministry and others, from<br />
human rights groups to business circles,<br />
to improve Turkey's image.<br />
Baath party was critical of Demirel,<br />
accusing him of attempts to revive<br />
Turkish imperial dreams,<br />
Thawra, in the harshest attack on<br />
Demirel so far, bran<strong>de</strong>d him as "the<br />
sick janissary", a reference to the<br />
'Turkish sultans'<br />
the 14th century.<br />
guard established in'<br />
It said Demirel was trying to play<br />
the role of former Turkish sultans,<br />
.harbouring gr~edy intentions on Iraq.<br />
"Beware, ..Demirel salivates over...<br />
B~ghdad ... Basra; .. and ...Mosul,"<br />
s~d. '. .<br />
it<br />
"Beware, the Pasha (Demirel)<br />
would like to r<strong>et</strong>urn to Amadiya,<br />
Arbil and Kirkuk, ..It is an old wound<br />
and past vengeance," Thawra ad<strong>de</strong>d,<br />
The Turks wefe' Iraq's rulers for<br />
about four centuries until British<br />
forces drove their armies out, leading<br />
t9 establishment of the new Iraqi<br />
state in the aftermath of World War<br />
One. Iraq has reacted angrily to<br />
statements attributed to Demirel<br />
dèmanding a redrawing of their joint<br />
bor<strong>de</strong>r to stop' infiltra~ion by rebels<br />
of the separal1st Kurdistan Workers<br />
Party (PKK).<br />
. Turkey' s foreign ministry last<br />
Monday <strong>de</strong>nied the reports, also carried<br />
by Turkish newspapers, that.<br />
Demirel wanted to redrawthe bor<strong>de</strong>r.<br />
. Iraq also views a recent rapprochement<br />
b<strong>et</strong>ween Ankara and<br />
Iraqi Kurdish rebels in northern Iraq<br />
as a violation of Iraq's sovereignty<br />
and <strong>de</strong>mands that Arikara halt such<br />
contacts: Turkey last week en<strong>de</strong>d a<br />
six-week incursion into northern Iraq<br />
. in pursuit of PKK rebels who use<br />
bases there to mount attacks insi<strong>de</strong><br />
Turkey. Turkey is now seeking<br />
cooperation of Iraqi Kurds in secur-<br />
. illg the bor<strong>de</strong>r.<br />
'S<br />
50
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZET;<br />
8 mai 1995 ASSEMBL£E NATIONALE 2379<br />
Polititfu~s commuNluttt;m<br />
(commtrc~ cctrll-cOmmUNluttt;" - Turqu;~ -<br />
un;on JoUlln;"~ - dro;ts Je /'homm~)<br />
25572. - 27 mars 1995. - M. Pierre Pucallon souhaite auirer<br />
l'attention <strong>de</strong> M. le Premier ministre sur l'accord doùanier avec<br />
la Turquie. Les conditions politiques qui y r~gnent actuellement,<br />
notamment en ce ~ui concerne le~ dr?its <strong>de</strong> l'homme, <strong>et</strong> la .Iutte<br />
menl!e par le pOUVOircontr~ ~es mlnor~t6l pr~sentes en Tur9ule ne<br />
$ont pas un argument positif pour I enlr~e <strong>de</strong> la Turquie dans<br />
'l'Union europ~enne. La r60lution du Parlement euro~en du<br />
18 juin 1987 a ~tabli que la reconnaissance du g~noci<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>s<br />
Arm~niens par la Turquie constituait un pr~alable à toute entr~e<br />
<strong>de</strong> ce pays dans l'Union europ~enne. Aujourd'hui encore, quatrevingts<br />
ans aprè.~ l'exterminati.on d'u~e gran<strong>de</strong>. partie <strong>de</strong> I~ communaut~<br />
arm~nienne, la TurqUie conynue <strong>de</strong>. nier le g~nocl<strong>de</strong> ar!1'~nien.<br />
Comment un accord douanier peut-II rem<strong>et</strong>tre en question,<br />
<strong>et</strong> d'une mani~rè aussi radicale, les valeurs <strong>de</strong> civilisation (d~mo-<br />
'cratie, libert~, droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme) d~fendues par l'Europe <strong>et</strong> par la<br />
France en partic~lier ? C'~st ~urquoi il lui <strong>de</strong>man?e que ~'int~g~ation<br />
<strong>de</strong> la TurqUie dans I ~nlon euro~enne ~e SOit effec~lve qu a-<br />
pr~ la reconnaissance offiCielle par la TurqUie du g~noc!<strong>de</strong> arm~nien<br />
ainsi qu'apr~s qu'elle aura montr~ une volont~ slnc~re <strong>de</strong><br />
'r~former en profo?<strong>de</strong>ur le r~gime .a~tid~mocrati~u~. en vigueur. -<br />
Qrustio" trllrfSmue ~ M. k m,,,utn ,us "Da,res 'trllngères.<br />
Rtpons~. - L'honorable parlementaire a bien vo~lu ~ppeler<br />
l'attention du ministre <strong>de</strong>s affaires ~tranghes sur les InqUl~tu<strong>de</strong>s<br />
suscit~es par la conclusion d'un accord d'union douan.ière ~ntre la<br />
Turquie <strong>et</strong> l'Union euro~enne, au regard <strong>de</strong> la SItuation <strong>de</strong>s<br />
droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme dans ce fays. Les efforts Mploy6l par la France<br />
<strong>et</strong> les Etats membres <strong>de</strong> I Union euro~enne pour faire aboutir<br />
l'accord d'union douani~re le 6 mars, lors du conseil d'a.~ociation<br />
à Bruxelles, visaient à favoriser l'ancrage <strong>de</strong> la Turquie à l'~~rope.<br />
Ce rapprochement est une condition <strong>et</strong> un gage <strong>de</strong> la stablllt~ <strong>de</strong><br />
ce pays. C'est aussi un facteur <strong>de</strong> Mmocratisation progressive. ~<br />
c<strong>et</strong> ~rd, le Parlement euro~en ne donnera pas son aVIs<br />
conforme à l'union douanière si <strong>de</strong>s mesures concrètes ne sont pas<br />
prises en mati~re <strong>de</strong> droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme <strong>et</strong> si la Tu~quie en ~<strong>et</strong> pas<br />
fin à son op~ration en Irak du Nord (d~c1aratlons <strong>de</strong> I Union<br />
euro~enne <strong>de</strong>s 8 <strong>et</strong> 10 avril 1995). Nous espérons ~galement que,<br />
dans ce nouveau cadre, la Turquie, qui occupe une place importante<br />
sur la scène r~~ionale, y jouera un rôle mod~rateur. S'agissant<br />
notamment <strong>de</strong> I Arm~nie, <strong>de</strong>puis quelques mois, <strong>de</strong>s contacts<br />
ont eu lieu en vue d'une normalisation <strong>de</strong>s relations avec Erevan.<br />
11 est vrai que la Turquie maintient un embargo commercial<br />
contre ce pays. La France, pour sa part, n'a jamais cess~ d'appeler<br />
le gouvernement turc à m<strong>et</strong>tre un. terme à ce blocus qui g~ne. ~es<br />
efforts <strong>de</strong> la communaut~ internationale pour ramener la stablht~<br />
dans une r~gion particulièrement tro~bl~e., Cependant c<strong>et</strong> ~mb~rg.o<br />
n'a jamais ~t~ total, comme en t~,:"olgne I affiux <strong>de</strong> produits d Origine<br />
turque sur le march~ arm~nlen. La ~rance a accord~, tan~ à<br />
titre bilat~ral ~u'en <strong>liaison</strong> avec ses partenaires europl!ens, une ai<strong>de</strong><br />
importante à I Arm~nie dans les moments difficiles qu'elle ~raverst<br />
<strong>de</strong>puis qu'elle a recouvr~ son ind~pendance. Les Ar~~nlens ne<br />
manquent d'ailleurs pas une occasion pour manifester leur<br />
reconnaissance à notre pays.<br />
Po/;tiqu~ cctlri~ur~<br />
(Irait - prouction <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s -<br />
form Ilmm~s basüs ~n Turqu;~ -:<br />
optrlltion.. Provi<strong>de</strong> Comfort - pmp~ctt~s)<br />
25741. - 3 avril 1995. - M. Jean-Pierre Chevènement<br />
<strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> à M. le ministre <strong>de</strong>s affaires étrangères s'il n'est pas<br />
temps <strong>de</strong> m<strong>et</strong>tre un terme à l'op~ration « ProviJe Comfort. <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />
ramener en France Ie.~forces a~rlennes bas~es à Incerlik en Turquie<br />
en vue <strong>de</strong> prot~ger les Kur<strong>de</strong>s d'Irak.<br />
Rtpons~. - Comme le sait l'honorable 'parlementaire, l'op~ration<br />
«Provi<strong>de</strong> Comfort. a ~t~ d~cid~e, en 1991, pour apporter une<br />
protection <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s secours humani~ai~es aux popul~tions d.u no~d <strong>de</strong><br />
l'Iraq. Celles-ci avaient alors fiu I avance <strong>de</strong> I arm~e Iraquienne<br />
dans <strong>de</strong>s conditions particulièrement dramatiques, dont la communaut~<br />
internationale s'~tait ~mue. Le disp'Hitif mis en place à c<strong>et</strong>te<br />
occasion a ~t~ efficace: il a permis le r<strong>et</strong>our dans leur foyer <strong>de</strong><br />
presque tous les Kur<strong>de</strong>s iraquiens <strong>et</strong> a apport~ à la r~ion l'ai<strong>de</strong><br />
humanitaire indispensable; il a ~galement constitu~ un instrument<br />
<strong>de</strong> dissuasion face aux menaces r~currente.~ <strong>de</strong> l'arm~e iraquienne.<br />
La r~cente intervention militaire en Iraq a momentan~ment empêch~<br />
la poursuite <strong>de</strong>s survols a~riens effectu6l. au nord du 36' paraIlHe,<br />
par les pays membre.~ <strong>de</strong> la coalition; par ailleurs, les rivalit6l<br />
entre mouvements kur<strong>de</strong>s affectent la rL'alisation <strong>de</strong>s programmes<br />
humanitaires. La pr6li<strong>de</strong>nce française <strong>de</strong> l'Union europ~enne a<br />
<strong>de</strong>mand~ le r<strong>et</strong>rait <strong>de</strong>s forces turques engag~es en Iraq <strong>et</strong> esphe<br />
que les Kur<strong>de</strong>s iraquiens entendront la voix <strong>de</strong> la raison, afin que<br />
le d~roulement <strong>de</strong> l'o~ration «Provi<strong>de</strong> Comfort" ne soit pas<br />
entrav~. En eff<strong>et</strong>, la situation humanitaire dans le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Iraq<br />
<strong>de</strong>meure pr~caire, la r~gion est soumise à un' embargo int~rieur <strong>et</strong><br />
les autorit~ iraquiennes n'ont toujours pas pr~cis~ les mesures<br />
l\u'elles' envisageaient' <strong>de</strong> prendre, en' appliution <strong>de</strong> la roolutlon<br />
688 du Conseil <strong>de</strong> ~curit~ <strong>de</strong>s Nations unies, pour garantir<br />
les droits civils <strong>et</strong> politiques <strong>de</strong>s populations concern~e.~. L'o~ration<br />
« Provi<strong>de</strong> Comfort " n'a, cenes, pas pour vocation d'~tre prorog~e<br />
ind~finiment; toutefois, dans les conditions actuelle.~, alors<br />
que les be.~oin~<strong>de</strong> protection <strong>de</strong>s populations civiles restent importants,<br />
l'interruption <strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong>te o~ration <strong>et</strong> le r<strong>et</strong>rait <strong>de</strong>s avions français<br />
bas~s à Incerlik ne seraient pas opponuns.<br />
AFFAIRES<br />
EUROPÉENNES<br />
Pol;tiqu~s communa/ltair~s<br />
(commtrct cctra-(ommullautair~ - Turquü -<br />
union douan;"~ - droits Je /'homm~)<br />
25329. - 20 mars 1995. - M. Clau<strong>de</strong> Girard appelle l'atten-<br />
'tion <strong>de</strong> M. le ministre délégué aux affaires européennes sur les<br />
vives inqui~tu<strong>de</strong>s que su~cite dans la communau{~ arm~nienne <strong>de</strong><br />
France la prochaine adh~sion <strong>de</strong> la Turquie à l'union douani~re.<br />
En eff<strong>et</strong>, les violations <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme pratiqu~es par le<br />
Gouvernement turc, <strong>et</strong> sa non-reconnaissance du g~noci<strong>de</strong> arm~nien<br />
ren<strong>de</strong>nt inacceptable pour la communaut~ arm~nienne française<br />
l'entr~e <strong>de</strong> la Turquie dans l'Europe sans engagement ferme<br />
<strong>de</strong> ce pays sur les <strong>de</strong>ux points cit~ ci-<strong>de</strong>.~us, la reconnaissance du<br />
g~noci<strong>de</strong> arm~nien ~tant pos~e comme pr~alable à toute entr~e <strong>de</strong><br />
ce pays dans l'Union europ~enne par une r~solution du<br />
18 juin 1987 du Parlement euro~en. Il lui <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> lui pr~ciser<br />
quelle position le Gouvernement français entend adopter à ce<br />
suj<strong>et</strong>, alors que la France pr6li<strong>de</strong> l'Union europ~enne.<br />
Politiql/~s communal/tllir~s<br />
(commtrct ~xtrtl-communtlutair~ - Turqui~<br />
union Jo'''t1I;~r~ - droits <strong>de</strong> /'homm~)<br />
25499. - 20 mars 1995. - Mme Françoise Hostalier attire<br />
.l'attention <strong>de</strong> M. le ministre. délégué aux affaires européennes<br />
sur les conditions d'admission <strong>de</strong> la Turquie à l'union douanihe<br />
europc!enne. Plus que <strong>de</strong>s conditions ~conomique.~, <strong>de</strong>s conditions<br />
d'~thique <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> respect <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme semblent n~cessaires<br />
à l'adn~iori à toute structure <strong>de</strong> construction europ~enne. Il ne<br />
semble pas, pour le moment, .que la Turquie puisse remplir ces<br />
conditions ~I~mentaires. En eff<strong>et</strong>, elle continue <strong>de</strong> nier, contre<br />
l'~vi<strong>de</strong>nce historique, la r~alit~ du g~noci<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> 1915 contre le<br />
peuple arm~nien <strong>et</strong> m~ne une politique discriminatoire envers ce<br />
51
REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ~RIVISTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZETÎ<br />
peuple. Mais plus grave, ?es parlementaires kur<strong>de</strong>s, él~s d~ peuple,<br />
ont été arrêtés <strong>et</strong> emprISonnés <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> nombreuses vIOlatIOns <strong>de</strong>s<br />
droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme 'sont i;crpérrées conrre!es minorités. U semblerait<br />
que seule un~ atti!.u<strong>de</strong> ferme <strong>et</strong> courage~se <strong>de</strong>.o pays démocratiques<br />
perm<strong>et</strong>trait d Instaurer une réfleXIon <strong>de</strong> la pan. <strong>de</strong>s<br />
dirigeants <strong>et</strong> u~ que.otionnement <strong>de</strong>s Turcs eux-mêmes. AUSSIell~<br />
lui <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> d appuyer c<strong>et</strong>te démarche <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> proposer au conseil<br />
<strong>de</strong>s, ministres européens une résolution dans ce sens. .<br />
R'pons~. - L'honorable parlementaire a bien voulu appeler.<br />
l'attention du ministre délégué aux affaires européennes sur les .<br />
inguiéru<strong>de</strong>s suscitées par la conclusion d'un accord d'union douanière<br />
entre la Turquie <strong>et</strong> l'Union européenne, au regard <strong>de</strong> la<br />
situation <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme dans ce p,ays. Les effons déployés<br />
par la France <strong>et</strong> les Etats membres <strong>de</strong> IUnion européenne pour<br />
faire aboutir l'accord d'union douanière le 6 mars, lors du Conseil<br />
d'association à Bruxelles. visaient à favoriser l'ancrage <strong>de</strong> la Turquie<br />
à l'Europe. Ce rapprochement est une condition <strong>et</strong> un gage<br />
<strong>de</strong> la stabilité <strong>de</strong> ce pays. C'est aussi un facteur <strong>de</strong> démocratisation.<br />
progressive. A c<strong>et</strong> égard, le Parlement européen ne donnera pas<br />
son. avis conforme à l'union douanière si <strong>de</strong>s mesures concrètes ne<br />
sont pa.. prises en matière <strong>de</strong> droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme (notamment libération<br />
<strong>de</strong>s députés emprisonnés) <strong>et</strong> si la Turquie ne m<strong>et</strong> pas fin à<br />
son opération en irik du Noid (déclaration <strong>de</strong> j'Union européenne<br />
<strong>de</strong>s 8 <strong>et</strong> 10 avril 1995). Nous espérons également que;<br />
dans ce nouveau cadre, la Turquie, qui occupe une place importante<br />
sur la scène ré~ionale, y jouera un rôle modérateur. S'agissant<br />
notamment <strong>de</strong> IArménie, <strong>de</strong>puis quelques mois, <strong>de</strong>s contacts<br />
ont eu lieu en vue d'une normalisation <strong>de</strong>s relations avec Evéran:<br />
Il est vrai que la Turquie maintient son embargo commercial<br />
contre ce pays. La France, pour sa part, n'a jamais cessé d'appeler<br />
le gouvernement rurc à m<strong>et</strong>tre un terme à c<strong>et</strong>te situation 1ui gêne<br />
le.. efforts <strong>de</strong> la communauté internationale pour ramener a stabilité<br />
dans une ré~ion particulièrement troublée. Cependant c<strong>et</strong><br />
embargo n'a jamais été total, comme en témoigne l'affiux <strong>de</strong> produits<br />
d'origine turque sur le marché arménien. La France a<br />
accordé, tant à thre libéral qu'en <strong>liaison</strong> avec ses partenaires européens,<br />
une ai<strong>de</strong> importante à l'Arménie dans les moments difficiles<br />
qu'elle. traverse <strong>de</strong>puis qu',e1Je a recouvré son i?dépendance. Les<br />
Arméniens ne manquent d ailleurs pas une occasion pour manifester<br />
leur recon naisssance à nOlre pays.<br />
FRsô495 4 I 0179 RFA /AFP-AC35<br />
Allemagne-Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
Distinction pour la parlementaire kur<strong>de</strong> emprisonnée Leyla Zana<br />
AIX-LA-CHAPELLE (Allemagne), 8 mai (AFP) - Des association pacifistes<br />
alleman<strong>de</strong>s ont décerné lundi le prix <strong>de</strong> la Paix d'Aix-la-Chapelle (ouest) à.<br />
la responsable politique kur<strong>de</strong> Leyla Zana, condamnée en décembre à 15 ans<br />
<strong>de</strong> prison par la justice turque pour propagan<strong>de</strong> séparatiste, ont annoncé<br />
les organisateurs. . ..<br />
Leyla Zana, 34 ans, ancien député du parlement turc, appartenait au<br />
parti' démocratique kur<strong>de</strong> interdit en juin 1994.<br />
Le prix a été également attribué au prési<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>de</strong> l'association alleman<strong>de</strong><br />
<strong>de</strong>s victimes <strong>de</strong> la justice militaire nazie, M. Ludwig Baumann.<br />
Doté <strong>de</strong> 2.000 DM, le prix <strong>de</strong> la Paix d'Aix-la-Chapelle, créé en 1988 par ~<br />
<strong>de</strong>s mouvements pacifistes pour concurrencer le prix international<br />
Charlemagne décerné par la ville à <strong>de</strong>s personnalités ayant oeuvré pour<br />
l'unité <strong>de</strong> l'Europe, a pour but <strong>de</strong> récompenser <strong>de</strong>s personnes qui se sont<br />
engagés personnellement en faveur <strong>de</strong> la paix.<br />
La cérémonie <strong>de</strong> remise <strong>de</strong>s prix aura lieu le 1er septembre à<br />
Aix-la-Chapelle~<br />
.jlp/mr/mfo<br />
AFP /J00245/081636 MAI 95<br />
52
REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ~RNISTA<br />
STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZETi<br />
~ ~ürdtrr ~ritUllß<br />
lmERNATlONALE AUSGABE Dienstag,9. Mai 1995 . Nr. 106 25<br />
Normalisation <strong>de</strong>r Beziehungen mit Ankara<br />
Türkeireise von Staatssekr<strong>et</strong>är Franz Blankart<br />
Its. Bern, 8. Mai<br />
Die Reise von Staatssekr<strong>et</strong>är Franz Blankart in<br />
die Türkei war <strong>de</strong>r erste offlZielle Besuch auf<br />
hohem politischem Niveau seit <strong>de</strong>r. Schiesserei<br />
vor <strong>de</strong>r türkischen Botschaft in Bern im Frühsommer<br />
1993 und <strong>de</strong>r anschliessen<strong>de</strong>n Rückstufung<br />
<strong>de</strong>r diplomatischen. Beziehungen, aber<br />
auch seit <strong>de</strong>r Wie<strong>de</strong>reins<strong>et</strong>zung. von Botschaftern<br />
in Bern und Ankandm November l<strong>et</strong>zten Jahres.<br />
Instruktionen<br />
von Corti<br />
Wie Blankart vor <strong>de</strong>n Medien ausführte, wur<strong>de</strong><br />
dieser Besuch in engem Kontakt mit Staatssekr<strong>et</strong>är<br />
Jakob Kellenberger.vom Departement für auswärtige<br />
Angelegenheiten (EDA) vorbereit<strong>et</strong>. Vor<br />
seiner Abreise traf sich Blankart auch mit Bun<strong>de</strong>srat<br />
Cotti zur Entgegennahme <strong>de</strong>r beson<strong>de</strong>ren. Instruktionen<br />
<strong>de</strong>s Aussenministers. Blankart, <strong>de</strong>r<br />
. seine diplomatische Karriere im. EDA begonmin<br />
hat, kennt viele Führungspersönlichkeiten <strong>de</strong>r<br />
Türkei auf Grund von Begegnungen im diplomatischen<br />
Circuit o<strong>de</strong>r an internationalen Konferenzen.<br />
Auch mit <strong>de</strong>m Kur<strong>de</strong>nproblem sei er sehr<br />
vertraut.Vor <strong>de</strong>n Medien b<strong>et</strong>onte <strong>de</strong>r Staatssekr<strong>et</strong>är,<br />
wie wichtig es in <strong>de</strong>r Diplomatie sei, Kommunikationskanäle<br />
insbeson<strong>de</strong>re dann offenzuhalten,<br />
weim die bilateralen Beziehungen g<strong>et</strong>rübt sind<br />
und <strong>de</strong>r bilaterale Partner sich in einer schwierigen<br />
Lage befm<strong>de</strong>t. .<br />
Das Gespräch suchen be<strong>de</strong>ute nicht Zustim- .<br />
mung zur Politik <strong>de</strong>s Partnerstaates, son<strong>de</strong>rn<br />
Schaffung <strong>de</strong>r nötigen Vertrauensbasis als Vorauss<strong>et</strong>zung<br />
für je<strong>de</strong>n sinnvollen Dialog, Blankart verglich<br />
bei dieser Gelegenheit seine Gespräche in<br />
<strong>de</strong>r Türkei mit jenen von Bun<strong>de</strong>srat Cotti in<br />
China, einem, was die" Menschenrechte b<strong>et</strong>rifft,<br />
ebenfalls schwierigen Partner. Wer durch <strong>de</strong>n<br />
Dialog. <strong>et</strong>was bewirken möchte, gab Blankart<br />
skeptischen Medienvertr<strong>et</strong>ern zu be<strong>de</strong>nken, könne<br />
nicht auf <strong>de</strong>n Tisch hauen und sich medienwirksam<br />
in Szene s<strong>et</strong>zen. Je<strong>de</strong>r Auftritt, <strong>de</strong>r <strong>de</strong>n<br />
Partner das Gesicht verlieren lasse o<strong>de</strong>r in seiner<br />
Öffentlichkeit als frem<strong>de</strong> Schulmeisterei empfun-<br />
"<strong>de</strong>n wer<strong>de</strong>, än<strong>de</strong>re an <strong>de</strong>r kritisierten Situation<br />
nichts und riskiere in einem komplexen innenpolitischen<br />
Machtspannungsfeld sogar, die Situation<br />
noch zu verhärten.<br />
"Kein samtpfotiger<br />
Umgang<br />
DIskr<strong>et</strong>ion, was die öffentlichen Stellungnahmen<br />
b<strong>et</strong>reffe,be<strong>de</strong>ut<strong>et</strong> nach Blankart -keineswegs<br />
samtpfotigen Umgang mit heiklen Dossiers<br />
in <strong>de</strong>r direkten Begegnung. In seiner Unterredung<br />
"mit-l\»~~enit1Înister Erdal Inönü habe er kein<br />
Blajt ¥or" <strong>de</strong>n Mund genommen; als <strong>et</strong> seinem<br />
GaStgeber die Position <strong>de</strong>s Bun<strong>de</strong>srates . zur<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>nfrage und zu <strong>de</strong>n Menscbenrechten darlegte.<br />
Aus <strong>de</strong>n geschil<strong>de</strong>rten Überlegungen lehnte<br />
es <strong>de</strong>r Staatssekr<strong>et</strong>är aber ab, <strong>de</strong>n Inhalt <strong>de</strong>s Gesprächs<br />
unter vier Augen nachträglich gleichsam<br />
auf <strong>de</strong>m öffentlichen Marktplatz auszubreiten<br />
und zu kommentieren. Ein sichtlich in seiner persönlichen<br />
Ehre g<strong>et</strong>roffener Blankart wies <strong>de</strong>n Einwand<br />
als ungerechtfertigte Unterschiebung zurück,<br />
wonach die von ihmpropagierte diplomatische<br />
Zurückhaltung nur Ausdruckeiner Politik<br />
sei, welche l<strong>et</strong>ztlich die politischen und humanitären<br />
,Aspekte <strong>de</strong>n wirtschaftlichen Interessen<br />
unterordne. Diese Interpr<strong>et</strong>ation verkenn"e seine<br />
tiefen inneren Überzeugungen und übersehe, dass "<br />
gera<strong>de</strong> auch die Unternehmer wegen <strong>de</strong>r Inter<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nz<br />
von Politik und Wirtschaft ein fundamentales<br />
Interesse an einer befrie<strong>de</strong>ten und damit<br />
politisch undsozial stabilen Türkei hätten. Dieses<br />
Interesse an <strong>de</strong>r inneren Befriedung und damit<br />
auch an <strong>de</strong>r Eindämmung <strong>de</strong>r fundamentalistischen<br />
Gefahr gehe in<strong>de</strong>ssen wegen <strong>de</strong>r Be<strong>de</strong>utung<br />
<strong>de</strong>r Türkei als Zentrum einer <strong>de</strong>likaten geopolitischen<br />
'Region weit überjenes <strong>de</strong>r Wirtschaft<br />
hinaus.<br />
Doppelbesteuerung<br />
Die an<strong>de</strong>re Hälfte <strong>de</strong>i' Gesprächszeit widm<strong>et</strong>e<br />
Blankart <strong>de</strong>r wirtschaftlichen Lage <strong>de</strong>r Türkèi und<br />
<strong>de</strong>n bilateralen Beziehungen. Zur Sprache kam<br />
das fehlen<strong>de</strong> Doppelbesteuerungsabkommen. Die<br />
Schweiz ist das einzige OECD-Land, mit <strong>de</strong>m die<br />
Türkei sich noch nicht über die Beseitigung dieses<br />
Fiskalhin<strong>de</strong>rnisses einigen konnte. Hingegen" besteht<br />
ein Investitionsschutzabkommen. Dieses hat<br />
nach Aussage <strong>de</strong>s Bawi-Ditektors noch Raum für<br />
Verbesserungen, insbeson<strong>de</strong>re in <strong>de</strong>n Bereichen<br />
«Pharma» und «Maschinen». Blankart rechn<strong>et</strong><br />
damit, dass die von <strong>de</strong>r Türkei eingegangenen<br />
Verpflichtungen aus <strong>de</strong>m Trips-Abkommen im<br />
Rahmen <strong>de</strong>r WTO und aus <strong>de</strong>r Zollunion mit <strong>de</strong>r<br />
Europäischen Union sich auch positiv im Han-<br />
-<strong>de</strong>isverkehr mit <strong>de</strong>r Schweiz auswirken wer<strong>de</strong>n.<br />
Diskutiert wur<strong>de</strong>n die Möglichkeiten für schweizerische<br />
Klein- und Mittelb<strong>et</strong>riebe, zusammen mit"<br />
türkischen Unternehmen Joint ventures im kaukasischen<br />
und zentralasiatischen Raum aufzubauen.<br />
Weiterhin ungelöst bleibt die durch <strong>de</strong>n Lizenzentzug<br />
bei drei türkischen Banken entstan<strong>de</strong>ne<br />
fmanzpolitische Unsicherheit, nach<strong>de</strong>m zahl-"<br />
reiche ausländische und unter ihnen auch schweizerische<br />
<strong>Institut</strong>e wegen dieses Kollapses erhebliche<br />
Verluste erlitten haben. WieBlankart aus-<br />
'führte, ist das Verfahren noch nicht abgeschlos~<br />
sen, weil man sich in <strong>de</strong>r Türkei nicht einig sei, ob<br />
die Geschäftsbanken Opfer eines gesèhäfts~<br />
üblichen Risikos o<strong>de</strong>r aber einer ungenügen<strong>de</strong>n<br />
Bankenaufsicht seien. Die Schweiz, die zur Zeit<br />
<strong>de</strong>r grossen Infrastrukturprojektezur zweitgröss- "<br />
ten Investorin in <strong>de</strong>r Türkei aufgerückt war, belegt"<br />
heute hinter Deutschland, Grossbritannien,<br />
Frankreich und <strong>de</strong>n USA <strong>de</strong>n fünften Platz.<br />
54
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REvIEw'-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RWISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
FRS0409 4 I 0165 BEL /AFP-XK40<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>s-Turquie-Mai45<br />
Appel du Parlement kur<strong>de</strong> en exil<br />
BRUXELLES, 8 mai (AFP) - Le Parlement kur<strong>de</strong> en exil a appel' 1 d' 1<br />
communau té ,l..n,ernal..onae<br />
't t' 1 liA<br />
ne pas rester silencieuse" face A<br />
e un l.. a<br />
1'0 ression<br />
don~ est ~l..ctl..me le ~euple kur<strong>de</strong> au moment où elle commémore le 50~~e<br />
ann:v~rsal..re <strong>de</strong>,la fl..n<strong>de</strong> la secon<strong>de</strong> guerre mondiale.<br />
~ Etat fascl..st<strong>et</strong>ur~ pe:pètre un véritab~e génoci<strong>de</strong> contre le peu le du<br />
Kurdl..stan,tout comme 1 E~pl..reOttoman l'aval..tfait avant lui. Notre Peu le<br />
souff7e (••• ). Tout ce q~l..représente notre i<strong>de</strong>ntité a été détruit. Ei l~<br />
Turqu7e n~ pour7a poursul..vre,c<strong>et</strong>te guerre sauvage qu'avec l'ai<strong>de</strong> du mon<strong>de</strong><br />
extérl..~ur , affl..rmele consel..lexécutif du Parlement kur<strong>de</strong> en exil d<br />
communl..quépublié A Bruxelles. ans un<br />
"Nous,appelons le mon<strong>de</strong> entier A ne pas rester silencieux face A la<br />
<strong>de</strong>structl..on <strong>de</strong> notre culture <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> notre héritage ( ) <strong>et</strong> A<br />
1 h h d' l' , " ••• oeuvrer pour<br />
a rec ~rc e une so utl..onpoll..tl..que afl..n<strong>de</strong> m<strong>et</strong>tre un terme A 1<br />
au Kurdl..stan", ajoute le texte. a guerre<br />
csg/pk/mfo<br />
AFP /J00245/081431 MAI 95<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
TUESDAY, MAY 9,1995,<br />
D<strong>et</strong>ained HADEP executives allegedly tortured<br />
The charges: Party officials werebeaten with batons, sprayed with<br />
high-pressure water-hoses while naked, hung in 'Palestine hook'<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
ANKARA- Top executives of the pro-<br />
Kurdish People's Democracy Party (HADEP)<br />
<strong>de</strong>tained by l'Olice in late April have been tor-,<br />
tured while In custody, party sources alleged<br />
on Monday.<br />
Talking to the Turkish Daily News, the<br />
sources said that Deputy Chairmen Sehab<strong>et</strong>tin<br />
Özarslaner and Hikm<strong>et</strong> Fidan, Deputy<br />
Secr<strong>et</strong>ary-General ~eyhmus Ca~ro, Finance<br />
Secr<strong>et</strong>ary Süleyman' Sava~ and Ankara<br />
province branch' executive Ferhan Türk had<br />
been subjected to inhumane treatment, which<br />
ranged from electric shocks to harsh beatings.<br />
Ozarslaner was <strong>de</strong>tained on April 26 while<br />
leaving his home for HADEP headquarters.<br />
The party sources said that, while in the<br />
police . .<br />
Anti- Terrorism office, Özarslaner was<br />
severely beaten and he was hosed with highpressure<br />
cold water while naked. His hands<br />
and legs were tied and he was suspen<strong>de</strong>d with<br />
his arms behind his back in the "Palestine<br />
hanging" position. Later he was subjected to<br />
electric shocks and dragged around the room<br />
with a rope around his neçk.<br />
The sources said that Özarslaner was forced<br />
by this treatment into signing a false confes-<br />
SIonafter his interrogation en<strong>de</strong>d on May 4.<br />
The party sources also alleged that Seyhmus<br />
Ca~, who was in custody frOni Apru 27 until<br />
May 4, had been severely beaten on the back<br />
by pliceusing batons and verbally insulted. It<br />
is alleged that another <strong>de</strong>tainee, Süleyman<br />
Sava~, the HADEP finance secr<strong>et</strong>ary, was -<br />
stripped naked and sprayed with high-pressure<br />
cold water for a long time. He too, was verbally<br />
insulted. ' '<br />
The other two party officials also allegedly<br />
suffered similar treatment and were interrogated<br />
while blindfol<strong>de</strong>d .<br />
. Four of the HADEP executives, ~ehab<strong>et</strong>tin -<br />
Özarslaner, Hikm<strong>et</strong> Fidan, ~eyhmus Ca~ro<br />
and Ferhan Türk, were placed un<strong>de</strong>r formal<br />
arrest on May 4 by Ankara State Security<br />
court and charged with collaboration with the<br />
outlawed Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK).<br />
55
REVUE DE PRESSE#PRESS REVIEW#BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ#RNISTA STAMPA~DéNTRO DE LA PRENSA.BASIN ÖZETi<br />
I<strong>de</strong>a of Turkish rule in north Iraq<br />
finds backersamong Kurds, AFP says<br />
One Kurdish aid worker believes that with its ambitions vis-a-vis the<br />
EU, Turkey could be more open to pressure for <strong>de</strong>mocracy than Iraq<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
that Turkey, with its ambition to joiri<br />
ANKARA- The i<strong>de</strong>a of Turkey the Euro~an Union, could come un<strong>de</strong>r<br />
administering northern Iraq, or the more ef ective pressure to imflement<br />
Ottoman provmce of Mosul, has a~par-<br />
<strong>de</strong>mocracy than the presi<strong>de</strong>nt 0 Iraq.<br />
ently-found some support amon~ ocal<br />
"[Demirel's] message swept through<br />
Kurds in the region, the Agence rance every household. Everybody has been<br />
.Presse said on Monday.<br />
discussing it," Selman Shabd, an offi-<br />
"A longstanding territorial claim on cial of the Kurdistan Democratic Party,<br />
northern Ira<br />
Û<br />
' revived by. Turkish one of the groups which have con-<br />
Presi<strong>de</strong>nt Sü eyman DemueI, has trolled the north in <strong>de</strong>fiance of<br />
found backers among the Kurds of the<br />
Baghdad since 1991, was also quoted<br />
region, in contrast to the angry reaction<br />
byAFP as sayin,.<br />
of Batdad," Tolle Aram, reporting for Even people iving in his town of<br />
AFP rom Dohuk, said. The notion of a<br />
Kani Masi, m the heart of the bor<strong>de</strong>r<br />
"longstanding territorial claim on zone which Turkish troops occukied<br />
northern Iraq" was consi<strong>de</strong>red "curi-<br />
for six weeks in the recent Tur ish<br />
aus" be offiCIaIsin Ankara who see the<br />
operation against the PKK, would opt<br />
Mosu matter as purely "aca<strong>de</strong>mic<br />
V"l<br />
for Turkelt rather than Saddam's Ira~<br />
0\<br />
~ issue" today.<br />
.. he said. " f Saddam Hussein came bac<br />
oö Presi<strong>de</strong>nt Demirel, in an interview<br />
tomorrow promising <strong>de</strong>mocracy and<br />
>- with the Turkish Daily News last week, Presi<strong>de</strong>nt Süleyman Demirel<br />
<<br />
freedom, nobody would believe him.<br />
::E indicated that when the Ottomalis laid<br />
Too often he has turned out to be a<br />
>-'" .down their arms at the end of World<br />
<<br />
two countries passed over hifh moun- liar," Shalid charrd .<br />
Cl War I, Mosul was still in their hands.<br />
z<br />
tains which are hard to <strong>de</strong> end had "Although Tur ey isn't a real alter-<br />
0 He said that the Kemalists who subse- ma<strong>de</strong> it easier for incursions by sIfK- native, it's an open option and could be<br />
::E 'quently fought a war of liberation and ratistKurdistan Workers' Party (P ) an im&rovement,"he said.<br />
established the Turkish Republic, had rebels into Turkey. He did qualify his Ne es Ahmad, a young man said to<br />
also consi<strong>de</strong>red Mosul as part of remarks by addin~ that this was "not a be from a village alleged by AFP as<br />
."National Pact territory." Denurel said matter for today' and s~gesting that having been "looted" by Turkish troops<br />
that in the confusion following the .once Baghdad exercised e sovereign- during the incursion launched on<br />
uprisings in Turkel in the 1920s" the ty over the re~ion that it could not March 20 - ach~e angrily. <strong>de</strong>nied<br />
question of Mosu had been s<strong>et</strong>tled exercise today at matter could be dis- ~ the Turkish arm forces - told the<br />
when this province was attached to cussed b<strong>et</strong>ween the two si<strong>de</strong>s in the rench agency that Turkey could also<br />
Ira8' where It has been ever since. future. not be trusted in its treatment of the<br />
. emirel did not, however, intimate But his remarks were taken by Kurds.<br />
any "territorial claims" by Ankara over Baghdad as ini~Ying territorial <strong>de</strong>signs . "But if they were here, we wouldn't<br />
the province today and merel b com- over northern aq today and severely have any more problems with the PKK<br />
blained about the way the or<strong>de</strong>r criticized. The Revolutionary and Tu~ would not attack our vil<strong>et</strong>ween<br />
the two countries was drawn Command Council (RCC), the highest lages," quoted him saying, apparup.<br />
Ankara's diplomacy vis-a-vis authority chaired by Saddam, warned ently amidst "nods .of aperoval from<br />
Baghdad is very much tied up with the that Ira~ would be ready to fight to . other resi<strong>de</strong>nts," AFP saId: "Out of<br />
notion of keeping Iraq's "territorial kee~ol. of its northern bor<strong>de</strong>r region. severalhEb questioned in the bor<strong>de</strong>r<br />
integriZ" intact and Foreign Ministry " yefuses to study this issue and town 0 Z 0 as well as Dohuk and<br />
officia s indicate that remarks about warns urkey against any unilateral Kani Masi, nobody opposed the<br />
"Turkish territorial claims on Mosul action that might alter the national bor- Turkeyoption. But some feared it<br />
brovince" represent misinformation <strong>de</strong>r," the RCC said last week. could bring the PKK's struggle' against .<br />
ased on misreadin~s of what Demirel Demirel's remarks were apparently Ankara even closer to their doorsteps."<br />
said.The United tates signaled its also taken by Kurds in northern Iraq as "The PKK would view our villages ;"<br />
0Kposition last week to any notion of a implying "territorial <strong>de</strong>signs," judgmg as Turkish ones and intensifS' their<br />
cange of Iraq's bor<strong>de</strong>rs.<br />
~<br />
by the AFP rt0rt on Mondaili' . attacks,even on us," Abdullah aidi, a<br />
~ . Iranian Foreign Minister Ali Ekber . "Ira\and urkll are bo enemies merchant in Zakho, wasChrited as say-<br />
-:1:::-<br />
-C-> . Velay<strong>et</strong>i was quoted by Jhe Kayhan of the. urds," a urd working for a ing. Shmael Johanna, a 'stian head-.<br />
.,...... daily in Tehran on Monday as saying<br />
~<br />
f9reign aid ~anizatio~ in Dohu~ was master in Kani Masis, on the other<br />
Q that "any territorial claims on Mosul by quoted'by- .as saymg. "aut If-we. hand was reported as cautioni~ that<br />
~ Turkel - .if in<strong>de</strong>ed Demirelreferred. had; to 'Chel'Ose,we would choose the Kurds would onlywelcome . urkey<br />
to suc a claim - would have ne8aüve Turkeyso long as Saddam Hussein if a ch~e of bor<strong>de</strong>rs was backed by<br />
~<br />
~ effects on peace in the regIOn." rules Iraq." . the Unit States and United Nations.<br />
~<br />
56<br />
Demirel did say in his interview that The aid worker, asking not to be "Othérwise peoplewould.never give<br />
the fact that tbis bor<strong>de</strong>r b<strong>et</strong>ween the . named, said the Iraqi Kurds believed up their Iraqi nationality," he said.<br />
~f.
REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW.BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ~RIVISTA STAMPA.DENTRO DE LA PRENSA.BASIN ÖZETi<br />
INTERNATIONAL HERALDTRIBUNE, TUESDAY, MAY 9,1995<br />
EUROPE<br />
Saddam Is the Belle of the BaU<br />
Iraq's Oil Riches Lure Suitors; U.S. Firms Stay Home<br />
.-<br />
By Daniel Southerland<br />
WarhillglOlI Pœl Sn1Iice<br />
WASHINGTON - Str<strong>et</strong>ching for<br />
miles through the abandoned battlefields<br />
of southern Iraq lies a vast oil field called<br />
Majnoon - Arabic for "the crazed one."<br />
Given the tension it is causing in the<br />
international oil business, the field might<br />
b<strong>et</strong>ter be called "Saddam's Revenge."<br />
The riches of Majnoon and other Iraqi<br />
oil fields are making Baghdad a popular<br />
<strong>de</strong>stination - at least among the giant oil<br />
companies that hope to do business with<br />
Iraq once the United Nations lifts sanctions<br />
against it. In<strong>de</strong>ed, a conference in<br />
Baghdad in March on the future of the<br />
Iraqi oil industry was atten<strong>de</strong>d by representatives<br />
of 35 oil companies.<br />
Elf Aquitaine of France already is negotiating<br />
a $2.5 billion <strong>de</strong>al to <strong>de</strong>velop<br />
Majnoon. Elf, along with its French n-<br />
val, Total SA, started the negotiations<br />
with Iraqin May 1991,just three months<br />
after. Operation Desert Storm. Meanwhile,<br />
Italian, Brazilian, Spanish and<br />
Russian companies are pursuing other<br />
<strong>de</strong>als to <strong>de</strong>velop Iraq's vast oil reserves,<br />
which analysts calculate are second only<br />
to those of Saudi Arabia.<br />
U.S. companies, by contrast, are sitting<br />
on the si<strong>de</strong>lines as their comp<strong>et</strong>itors<br />
rush to woo Baghdad. Although some<br />
U.S. giants, such as Mobil Corp., had<br />
close ties with the Iraqis before the Gulf<br />
War, none of them atten<strong>de</strong>d the Baghdad<br />
conference. The American concerns<br />
are blocked by their government, which<br />
- nearly alone among its allies - insists<br />
that the UN economic sanctions against<br />
Baghdad should continue in<strong>de</strong>finitely.<br />
"The U.S. companies are gomg to be<br />
way behind once the sanctions are lifted,"<br />
said Lawrence Goldstein, presi<strong>de</strong>nt of the<br />
industry-supported P<strong>et</strong>roleum Industry<br />
Research Foundation. "On Iraq, the U.S.<br />
oil companies clearly have to follow the<br />
administration, and the administration is<br />
not going to budge on this."<br />
Iraq may be one of the last great prize.s<br />
in the oil business. At a time when giant<br />
oil fields are increasingly difficult to find<br />
around the world, Iraq claims at least<br />
nine of them. Some analysts place Majnoon<br />
in the so-called super-giant category,<br />
capable eventually of producing<br />
600,000 barrels a day.<br />
Before the Iraq-Iran war began in 1980,<br />
Iraq was pumping 3.5 million barrels of<br />
cru<strong>de</strong> oil a day. But the subsequent 15<br />
years of war and economic sanctions have<br />
Once sanctions are<br />
lifted, Iraq could become<br />
the most important and<br />
unpredictable factor in the<br />
oil mark<strong>et</strong>.<br />
left the country's oil infrastructure in disarray.<br />
Once sanctions are lifted, however,<br />
much of the damage could be repaired<br />
within a few years, making Iraq the most<br />
important and unpredictable new factor<br />
in the international oil mark<strong>et</strong>.<br />
Iraqi officials say their aim is to expand<br />
output to 6 million barrels per day by the<br />
next <strong>de</strong>ca<strong>de</strong>, a production levelthat would<br />
be nearly equal to that of Saudi Arabia.<br />
The Iraq bonanza brings the danger of<br />
oversupply to the oil mark<strong>et</strong>. Analysts<br />
worry that Iraq's r<strong>et</strong>urn will flood the<br />
mark<strong>et</strong> with oil and lead to a sharp drop<br />
in prices. Even without Iraq, the OPEC<br />
oil-producing nations have been unable<br />
to keep the price of oil above $20 a<br />
barrel. On an inflation-adjusted basis, oil<br />
now costs less than it did in 1973.<br />
Analysts also caution that <strong>de</strong>als ma<strong>de</strong><br />
now with Presi<strong>de</strong>nt Saddam Hussein<br />
might prove to be risky investments. The<br />
Iraqi lea<strong>de</strong>r remains intensely unpopular<br />
at home and abroad, and a future Iraqi<br />
government might not look favorably on<br />
Western oil companies that rushed to do<br />
business with Mr. Sadd am.<br />
The financial risks will be high, as<br />
well. Iraq's goal of producing 6 million<br />
barrels a day would require a minimum<br />
of $25 billion in investments during the<br />
next 10 years, analysts say. Because Iraq<br />
already is heavily in <strong>de</strong>bt, the foreign<br />
companies would have to provi<strong>de</strong> most<br />
of the financing before they ma<strong>de</strong> their<br />
profit.<br />
Despite these dangers, the lure of Iraqi<br />
oil seems irresistible because Iraqi cru<strong>de</strong><br />
is so easy to find and so cheap to produce.<br />
The Iraqi fields are also relatively<br />
un<strong>de</strong>veloped, unlike those of neighboring<br />
countries such as Iran, Kuwait and<br />
Saudi Arabia.<br />
Oil-producing companies such as Elf<br />
Aquitaine are not the only ones that will<br />
profit from Iraq's r<strong>et</strong>urn to the mark<strong>et</strong>.<br />
European oil-service companies also are<br />
likely to win big contracts from drilling<br />
and exploration. So will the construction<br />
companies hired to build highways, power<br />
plants, export terminals and pumping<br />
stations.<br />
But for U.S. companies that would<br />
like to share in the spoils, Iraq appears to<br />
be a no-win situation. Industry executives<br />
say that, given Mr. Saddam's unpopularity<br />
in the United States, American<br />
companies are in no position to<br />
lobby for an easing of U.S. restrictions<br />
on <strong>de</strong>alings with Iraq. The prospect that<br />
Mr. Saddam would use his oil revenue to<br />
rebuild his war machine poses an additional<br />
problem.<br />
The existing U.N. tra<strong>de</strong> embargo<br />
against Iraq prohibits all tra<strong>de</strong> and financial<br />
transactions, ex~t for relief<br />
aid, and bans Irag from selling oil except<br />
un<strong>de</strong>r U.N. conditions that Iraq has refused<br />
to accept.<br />
57
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA<br />
Ankara happy with Chirac<br />
victory in French election<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
ANKARA- Happy w!th the n.arrow victory of Jacques<br />
Chirac in the preSi<strong>de</strong>ntIal electlOns on Sunday, Ankara<br />
sent a congratulatory message to the third-hme-lucky<br />
Gaullist presi<strong>de</strong>nt. . .<br />
Presi<strong>de</strong>nt Süleyman Deinirel sent a message ta ChiI:ac .<br />
late Sunday expressing the hope that the excellent ties<br />
b<strong>et</strong>ween th~ two countries would be further enhanced<br />
during his presi<strong>de</strong>ncy.. .. . .<br />
Prime Minister Tansu Ciller, ~ho IS ~n Pans for the<br />
anniversary of the World War II ViCtOry"ISalso eXp'ected<br />
to offer her congratulations to France s n~w presi<strong>de</strong>nt.<br />
"The bilateral ties b<strong>et</strong>ween the two countnes are excellent<br />
France has been one of Turkey's main supPQrtersin<br />
the ~ealization of the customs union," a Turkish diplomat<br />
said. "We are convinced that this will<br />
continue with Chirac."<br />
. Although Turkish diplomats <strong>de</strong>scribe<br />
Chirac as a lea<strong>de</strong>r favorable to Turkey,<br />
Ankara's satisfaction with the result IS<br />
largely attributed to the "Alain Juppe factor."<br />
Juppe, \"h~ has supported Çhir~c<br />
since the be$mmng qf hiS ~a.mpalgn, IS<br />
.expected .to ~e the'pnm~ l,Il1m~ter,or, at<br />
least, r<strong>et</strong>am his foreign mimstenal past.<br />
Despite the recent controversy caused<br />
by the remarks of Presi<strong>de</strong>nt Süleyman<br />
Demirel, quoted in Sabah, that Juppe had<br />
told him that the problems of Turkey<br />
stemmed from its unitarian character,<br />
Turkish diplomats <strong>de</strong>scribe Juppe as one<br />
of the supporters of Turkish territorial<br />
integrity. .<br />
French Foreign Ministry has <strong>de</strong>nied<br />
that Juppe had ma<strong>de</strong> such a statement.<br />
"Alain Juppe is familiar with the Turkish.<br />
issues and.has personal ties with many of<br />
Turkish officials.<br />
He has also been an energ<strong>et</strong>ic supporter<br />
of c10serties b<strong>et</strong>ween Turkey and the<br />
European Union," a diplomat said, addi~g .<br />
that the samewas true 'for Alam<br />
Lamassoure, who is a candidate for for- .<br />
ei~ ministry if Juppe becomes the prime<br />
numster. .<br />
"Since France will have a team that is<br />
already familiar with Turkey, there will<br />
be no adaptation period that usually follows<br />
eleCl1ons,"he said.<br />
.Turkishofficials also admit that they.'<br />
are not exactly sad thatthe Mitterrand era<br />
is over, <strong>de</strong>spite the fact that it was during<br />
the socialist presi<strong>de</strong>nt's time that an historical<br />
visit was ma<strong>de</strong> b<strong>et</strong>ween the two<br />
countries thereby wiping the disagreements<br />
of the past. .<br />
. "From time to time, certain moves or<br />
stateménts ma<strong>de</strong> bythe Elysee Palace created<br />
tensions b<strong>et</strong>ween the two capitals.<br />
With Chirac, we believe that these will be<br />
omitted," another diplomat said.<br />
Turks hope that the Gaullist presi<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
will be less likely to. give Turkey public<br />
tongue-lashing on human rights than his<br />
SOCialiStpre<strong>de</strong>cessor.<br />
Turkish diplomats are also secr<strong>et</strong>ly<br />
jubilant with the end of Danielle<br />
STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
CIA: Turkey and Iran<br />
would intervene in an<br />
Iraqi Kurdish State<br />
WEDNESDA Y. MA Y 10. 1995<br />
'Fate of N. Iraqi Kurds <strong>de</strong>pends on Baghdad'<br />
By Ugur Akmel<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
W ASHINGTON- If there ever<br />
was a Kurdish state in northern Iraq,<br />
"Iran and Turkey, fearing the effect<br />
an Iraqi Kurdish state would have on<br />
their own Kurdish minorities, would<br />
intervene militarily and economically<br />
. to either dominate or otherwise prevent<br />
its creation," according to an<br />
U.S. Central Intelligence Agency<br />
(CIA) analysis ~repaied last month in.<br />
response to an mquiry ma<strong>de</strong> by Sen.<br />
Arlen Specter, chairman of the U.S.<br />
Senate Select Committee on<br />
Intelligence. The CIA said such an<br />
in<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nt entity "would be landlocked,<br />
have few economic resources<br />
and be vulnerable to outsi<strong>de</strong> interference."<br />
The CIA also noted that the<br />
. Iraqi National Congress formally<br />
supports autonomy but not separahsm.<br />
"The Iraqi National Congress formally<br />
supports enhanced Kurdish<br />
autonomy within a unified, fe<strong>de</strong>rated<br />
Iraq, but both the INC and its<br />
Western sponsors oppose Iraqi<br />
Kurdish separatism," the report said..<br />
Admiral William O. Stu<strong>de</strong>man, acting<br />
CIA director, in a l<strong>et</strong>ter written<br />
on April 3, 1995 to Sen. Specter that<br />
theonzed about a post-Saddam Iraq,<br />
noted that "serious infighting since<br />
mid-1994 has severely damaged the<br />
unity of the Iraqi Kurds, un<strong>de</strong>rmined<br />
their fledgling regional administration<br />
and' <strong>de</strong>creased their chances of<br />
maintaining a united political and<br />
military front in <strong>de</strong>aling with<br />
Baghdad..<br />
The prospects for Kurdish reintegration<br />
into Iraq after Saddam, however,<br />
hinge more on the strength of<br />
the successor regime than on the .<br />
strength of the Kurds." Stu<strong>de</strong>man<br />
said "if Saddam' s successor heads a<br />
strong centrai government and united<br />
Iraqi military, the Kurds - no matter<br />
how united - could not withstand a<br />
concerte<strong>de</strong>ffort to reimposegovernment<br />
controlover northern Iraq and<br />
force Kurdish integration. Despite its<br />
<strong>de</strong>gra<strong>de</strong>d and <strong>de</strong>moralized state,<br />
. Iraq's regular army still outnumbers<br />
and is b<strong>et</strong>ter equipped, trained and<br />
organized than the Kurds."<br />
The CIA analysis theorized that, in<br />
a post-Saddam world, even a weak<br />
government in Baghdad would be of<br />
no help for Kurds. "Ev,enif a successor<br />
regime were weak and divi<strong>de</strong>d,<br />
fis~ures in the Iraqi Kurdish opposition<br />
make it likely that some Kurdish<br />
lea<strong>de</strong>rs would si<strong>de</strong> with Baghdad to<br />
strengthen their hand against their<br />
Kurdish rivals."<br />
58
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETÎ<br />
Libération, 10 mai 1995<br />
Messieurs les juges •..<br />
PAR YACHAR KEMAL<br />
Nous publions ci-<strong>de</strong>ssous <strong>de</strong>s extraits <strong>de</strong> l'adresse que<br />
l'écrivain prononça à l'ouverture <strong>de</strong> son procès pour<br />
~propagan<strong>de</strong> séparatiste» <strong>de</strong>vant la Cour <strong>de</strong> sûr<strong>et</strong>é<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'Etat <strong>de</strong> Turquie à la suite d'un texte paru en allemand<br />
dans ~Der Spiegel», dans lequel l'écrivain dénonçait<br />
l'oppression <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> Turquie.<br />
-'<br />
Jene vais pas me livrer ici à une défense classique. Je<br />
dois rectifier d'abord quelques erreurs. Ce que monsieur<br />
le procureur m<strong>et</strong> en cause, <strong>de</strong>vant c<strong>et</strong>te instance;<br />
Yachar Kemal n'est pas un texte que j'ai écrit, mais un texte publié par<br />
72 ans, est les quotidiens Milliy<strong>et</strong><strong>et</strong> Hurriy<strong>et</strong> à partir d'une traduction<br />
incomplète, fautive, résumée <strong>de</strong> l'original publié en<br />
écrivain turc<br />
d'origine<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>, auteur allemand.<br />
entre autres <strong>de</strong> (...) Même au terme <strong>de</strong> ces tripatouillages, il n'est pas facile<br />
<strong>de</strong> trouver un argument qui perm<strong>et</strong>te <strong>de</strong> condamner<br />
l'Aaktchasaz,<br />
Memedle<br />
ces textes. Il est dès lors étonnant, Monsieur le procureur<br />
Minee, Salmon<br />
le Solitaire, <strong>et</strong> Monsieur le juge, que tout ceci me conduise <strong>de</strong>vant<br />
traduits chez vous; <strong>et</strong> c'est làqu'il y a un problème grave. (...) Quant à<br />
Gallimard mon texte, sa défense est toute entière dans son contenu.<br />
Si à l'instar <strong>de</strong>s quotidiens<br />
Hurriy<strong>et</strong> <strong>et</strong> Mi/liy<strong>et</strong> (qui été d'y foumir<strong>de</strong>ux articles.<br />
ont l'ont publié dans une De ces <strong>de</strong>ux papiers, le premier<br />
parut dans la très sé-<br />
version fautyive NDLR)<br />
on commence à manipuler rieuse revue britannique In<strong>de</strong>x,<br />
<strong>et</strong> l'autre est celui qui<br />
ce texte pour le-déformer,<br />
quelqu'un <strong>de</strong> malin finira fut publié dans <strong>de</strong>r Spiegel.<br />
bien par trouver quelque Messie.urs les procureurs<br />
raison pour justifier ses ont fait saisir é<strong>et</strong> ouvt'age<br />
accusations.<br />
dans les <strong>de</strong>ux heures suivant<br />
sa parution. On peut<br />
(...) Si Monsieur le procureur<br />
avait pris vraiment<br />
s'étonner <strong>de</strong> la rapidité<br />
l'ordre juridique au sérieux, avec laquelle ces jugeS'<br />
il n'aurait pas procédé comme<br />
à présent, pour ine pré-<br />
140 pages en <strong>de</strong>ux heures<br />
ont pu lire un ouvrage <strong>de</strong><br />
senter <strong>de</strong>vant lajustice pour <strong>de</strong> temps. Nous sommes<br />
. <strong>de</strong>s accusations sans queue les témoins <strong>de</strong> choses<br />
ni tête. Il aurait fallu au minimum<br />
une traduction inté-<br />
décidément.<br />
étonnantes dans ce pays,<br />
grale du texte mis en cause<br />
pour savoir <strong>de</strong> quoi il sait pas, c'est que je suis<br />
(...) Ce que le procureurne<br />
est question. Il aurait pu écrivain <strong>de</strong>puis cinquante<br />
également me <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>r<br />
ans. Et que je suis l'écrivain<br />
que je suis <strong>de</strong>puis cin-<br />
l'original eri turc du texte<br />
incriminé. Passe encore ce quante aits aussi. Parce que<br />
minimum, même à considérer<br />
que la tâche primor-<br />
'une démocratie, la Turquie<br />
la Turquie n'a jamais été<br />
diale du procureur soit d'accuser.<br />
Il faudrait tenir<br />
a été une gran<strong>de</strong> prison<br />
pour nous. -Je n'ai cure<br />
compte d'un fait concr<strong>et</strong>: 'd'une prison <strong>de</strong> moindre~<br />
dans les jours <strong>de</strong> ma mise en<br />
dimensions. Sauf si dans la<br />
accusation, il y eut la paruticin<strong>de</strong><br />
l'ouvrage collectif la tion turque me crée <strong>de</strong>s pé-<br />
p<strong>et</strong>ite prison l' administra-<br />
Turquie <strong>et</strong> la liberté <strong>de</strong>pensée,<br />
contenant les contribu-.<br />
rils encore plus grand ...<br />
(...) Si la justice n'avait pas<br />
tions <strong>de</strong> 24 auteurs. Ma<br />
saisi l'ouvrage incriminé,<br />
contriöution à ce travail a<br />
tout le mon<strong>de</strong>, les juristes,<br />
les savants <strong>et</strong> écrivains <strong>de</strong><br />
Turquie <strong>et</strong> d'ailleurs allaient<br />
lire le texte. Et tout le<br />
mo~<strong>de</strong> allai.t dire «mais (~ù.~t di!nt'./e.rarisme <strong>et</strong> le sépa-<br />
~atls~ dans. ce texte». En saisisSant notre ouvrage, la justIce<br />
a commIs une gran<strong>de</strong> injustice vis-à-vis <strong>de</strong> moi-même<br />
<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> mes amis écrivains.<br />
(...) M<strong>et</strong>tre à feu dix millions d'hectares <strong>de</strong> forêts dans un<br />
pays qui n'a plus <strong>de</strong> forêts, dans une Anatolie désertifiée<br />
n'est-ce pas un péché, même la plus grave.<strong>de</strong>s fautes?<br />
Tout cela pour brûler quelques guérilleros <strong>et</strong> bergers. C<strong>et</strong><br />
Etat a commis une faute grave. Il est la cause <strong>de</strong> la <strong>de</strong>struction<br />
<strong>de</strong>s forêts <strong>de</strong> l' Anatolie entiè~ ... NouS le verrons<br />
<strong>de</strong> notre vivant, <strong>de</strong>s inondations, <strong>de</strong>s flammes, le dénuement<br />
vont ravagerl'Anatolie. Est-il vrai ou non qu'on<br />
brûle lesforêts? Ai-je raison ou non d'en accuser l'Etat?<br />
(.;.;)Les 1.800 meurtres aux auteurs inconnus le mon<strong>de</strong> entierne<br />
l'a-t-il pas entendu, les journaux ne l'~t-ils pas écrit<br />
pattout? N'a-t-on pas mis en accusation la Turquie comme<br />
un pays <strong>de</strong> tortures avec la responsabiité <strong>de</strong> l'Etat? L'oppression<br />
n'est -elle pas sur le peuple comme un vent empoisonné?<br />
N'a-t-on pas mi~ ~ feu <strong>de</strong>s milliers <strong>de</strong> villages<br />
chaque fots que le peuple Cn/lIt «au!':mente tes crimes fJOur<br />
que ta chute soit précipitée»? N'a-toOn pas voulu créer un<br />
m
REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ~RIVISTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZETi<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
WEDNESDAY.MAY 10.1995<br />
Demirel says Turkey faces<br />
'conspiracy' from West<br />
. Plan afoot:' 'Am I supposed to applaud those who<br />
.say, "the state ofhuman rights has reached such a<br />
'level in Turkey that it should not be allowed to<br />
conclu<strong>de</strong> a customs union"? These are just efforts to<br />
prevent Turkey from emtering the customs union.'<br />
Turkish Daily News .<br />
ANKARA- Presi<strong>de</strong>nt Sijleyman<br />
Demirel said on Monday evening that<br />
Turkey,is faced with a Western conspiracy<br />
to prevent the country from entenng a<br />
customs union with Europe.<br />
Demirel ad<strong>de</strong>d that keeping Turkey<br />
away from the European Umon and trying<br />
to suspendjts membership in the Council<br />
o(Europe;as recent <strong>de</strong>velopments suggest;<br />
are part of this conspiracy. "I am not<br />
sayingwe should tear Turkey away from<br />
Europe. But Tu~key does not owe its existence<br />
to Europee~ther .... I say this for,a<br />
fact. We are not a hunch on anyone s<br />
back. My coun!ry is not in<strong>de</strong>xed to the<br />
Westeither. ... My citizenshould know<br />
that my s~ate is' staJ:lding}lpright because<br />
of my nation," DeIlllrel said.<br />
Presi<strong>de</strong>nt Demirel ma<strong>de</strong> these remarks<br />
on Iivé television while being interviewed<br />
, ~12~e Qai~~I~r current~affai~s progra~<br />
DemIrel said that the Turkish state IS<br />
responsible for protecting its flag, its<br />
nation, and that there were efforts un<strong>de</strong>rway.to<br />
tear away part of these lands and<br />
to raise a new flag there.' ,<br />
"Some people are lookingupon<br />
Turkey's efforts combatting those people<br />
trying to raise a new flag as if it were a<br />
case of oppression by the Turkish<br />
Republic against' some people and as if<br />
some other people had taken up arms on<br />
behalf of these oppressed people,"<br />
Demirel said.<br />
"Am I supposed to applaud those who<br />
say, 'the state of h~man rights h~s<br />
reached such a level ln Turkey that It<br />
should not'be allowed to conclu<strong>de</strong> a customs<br />
union' These are just efforts to pre- '<br />
vent Turkey from entering the customs<br />
. union," Demirel ad<strong>de</strong>d. About the socalled<br />
"Sevres <strong>de</strong>bate" started by remarks<br />
, he ma<strong>de</strong> in last week's intèrvlews with<br />
the press, Demirel said that there were<br />
"certain signs" emerging today, sugg~sting<br />
that this is what had lead him to bnng<br />
up the wh~le issu~. . .<br />
Sevres IS the dlstnct near Pans where<br />
an agreement was drafted by the allies 'at<br />
the end of World War One which divi<strong>de</strong>d<br />
Turkey and rores'aw the establishment of<br />
a Kurdish and an 'Arm~nïan state In<br />
Anatolia. '<br />
The Treaty of Sevres, as i,t,came to be<br />
known, ~ecame a <strong>de</strong>àd l<strong>et</strong>ter, following<br />
the Turkish War of In<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nce and the<br />
&tatusand bor<strong>de</strong>rs of moàern Turkey were<br />
<strong>de</strong>termined later un<strong>de</strong>r the Lausanne<br />
Treaty. ,.<br />
Referring to the <strong>de</strong>bate over, his com-<br />
, ments, Demirel said, "Rather than use this<br />
, topic, those running t.he country should<br />
recogriize that certain things are happen-<br />
, ing before they' become oyen threats and<br />
, take the necesslllYprecautIOns."<br />
'~Turkey has many enemies but is<br />
standing firm <strong>de</strong>spite these enemies. I am<br />
,not the one creating these enemies,"<br />
, Demirel said. Maintaming that the West<br />
had started i<strong>de</strong>ntifying Turkey' s fight<br />
against.terrorism with the Klirdlsh issue,<br />
Demirel said that un<strong>de</strong>r the Lausanne<br />
Treaty Kurds were consi<strong>de</strong>red equal citizens<br />
of Turkey, having, fought si<strong>de</strong> by<br />
si<strong>de</strong> with the Turks.to liDerateAnatolia.<br />
He said that he was telling Turkey's,<br />
critics in the West that tostart givin,gpeople<br />
of another origin the status.of Illlnority<br />
now, '''would i~eearably ups<strong>et</strong> the present<br />
stability and VitalityofTurlœy." ,<br />
"We are telling them (the West) that<br />
, these people (the Kurds) are the owners of<br />
, the whol~ of thi,s co.untry. Why should<br />
they be given mmonty nghts and mà<strong>de</strong><br />
..' second-class? Anyway, this would lead<br />
matters in another direction, to a fe<strong>de</strong>ration,to<br />
Turkey's division," Demirel said.<br />
Touching on another <strong>de</strong>bate his<br />
remarks started last week, Demirel repeated<br />
his view that the manner in which the<br />
Turkey-Iraq bor<strong>de</strong>r wasdrawn up at the<br />
time was wrong. "This bor<strong>de</strong>~ i~ v.;rong. .<br />
L<strong>et</strong> someone come up and say It ISnght. l',<br />
am saying this bor<strong>de</strong>r is wrong, correct it.<br />
" But not unilaterally. Not by ùsing force.<br />
Do it with the state concerned. You could<br />
. do it this year, you could do it 10years<br />
, from now. This can be done perfectly<br />
well by peaceful means and in a reason~<br />
able ,manner. Iwill continue telling my<br />
'<br />
peopie what is ri~h,t,"Demirel said.<br />
But, he said, 'this is not a matter for<br />
today, but wàs a matter for yesterday. It is<br />
a political matter.The time will come and<br />
what has to be done can be done through<br />
peaceful means," Demirel ad<strong>de</strong>d.<br />
Asked wh<strong>et</strong>her "the matter had been<br />
s<strong>et</strong>tled" with Turkey's cross-bor<strong>de</strong>r operation<br />
in northern Iraq against separatist<br />
Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) mili-<br />
.tants camped in the region, Demirel conce<strong>de</strong>d<br />
that it had not been.<br />
"No, it has not finished, Five hundred<br />
and eighty-eight people (PKK militants)<br />
have been found <strong>de</strong>ad, but 2,000 of them<br />
have gone elsewhere," he said.<br />
. Responding to a question on efforts to<br />
abolish Article 8 of the Law on<br />
Combatting Terrorism, thus broa<strong>de</strong>ning<br />
the scope of freedom of expression,<br />
Demire[ said that during an address to<br />
Parliamenton September l, 1994, he said<br />
that "while everything must be said in<br />
Turker, the limits for this must also be<br />
found, ' "I found (the limit). The U.S. has<br />
a Supreme Court. Following certain inci-<br />
. <strong>de</strong>nts, certain people, especially those<br />
engaged in disseminating communist propaganda,<br />
were punished .... This is what<br />
you call freedom of expression: There is<br />
nothing to prevent free thought. The issue<br />
is dissemination. Pr.ovocation, g<strong>et</strong>ting<br />
people, masses to fl*ht each other .:...:.<br />
these must not happen, Demirel said.<br />
He ad<strong>de</strong>d that first terrorism must end,<br />
"And then what had to be done must be<br />
done." ,<br />
'<br />
"I would oppose anything that will<br />
obstruct the fight against terronsm or anyth!ng<br />
tha~,will ~eillœn, those conducting<br />
this fight, he Said, .. ,<br />
. Asked if he could saythat "Turkey was<br />
in agood state today," Demirel said if he<br />
answers in the affirmative the opposition<br />
would oppose him, and if he answered<br />
that the country was in good hands, others<br />
would emerge to criticize him.<br />
"But am I afraid. Am I afraid to say<br />
that it is in good hands? How can you as~<br />
me to comment on 150 percent inflation? .<br />
Minus 6 percent growth...? This is another.<br />
matter. But how can I say that it is in a<br />
good state? In a countrywhere people are<br />
confronted with acost of living ,problem,<br />
when there are people crushed un<strong>de</strong>r the<br />
cost of living... is there,anyone who can<br />
say it is good? When I say this I express a<br />
truth. I cannot say, 'if you canno/eat<br />
bread then eat cake, ", Demirel said.<br />
Asked if there was the need for a new<br />
election Demirel preferred to give an indirect<br />
answer.<br />
"I. am not saying 'the country is being<br />
administered badly, I am saying it could<br />
be run b<strong>et</strong>ter," he said adding that "he was<br />
not stickin~ a pin into anyone."<br />
"Turkey s courts must be run b<strong>et</strong>ter, its<br />
hospitals must be run b<strong>et</strong>ter. How can we<br />
say that everything is perfect?"<br />
60
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RlVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASlN ÖZETi<br />
Europe-Turquie<br />
Menaces <strong>de</strong> suspension: le Comité <strong>de</strong>s ministres s'engage à répondre<br />
:<br />
STRASBOURG, 11 mai (AFP) - Le Comité <strong>de</strong>s ministres (organe exécutif) du<br />
Conseil <strong>de</strong> l'Europe a chargé jeudi les délégués (ambassa~eurs auprès <strong>de</strong><br />
l'organisation) <strong>de</strong> "rédiger une réponse" à l'Assemblée parlementaire qui<br />
lui a <strong>de</strong>mandé "d'envisager la suspension" <strong>de</strong> la Turquie si elle ne donne<br />
pas d'ici la fin juin <strong>de</strong>s gages <strong>de</strong> sa volonté <strong>de</strong> respecter la démocratie <strong>et</strong><br />
les droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme.<br />
Cependant, le Comité n'a pas donné <strong>de</strong> délai, ignorant ainsi l'ultimatum<br />
lancé par l'Assemblée parlementaire lors <strong>de</strong> sa <strong>de</strong>rnière session en avril.<br />
Le Comité entend ainsi montrer qu'il ne saurait être tenu par un<br />
calendrier fixé par l'Assemblée parlementaire, organe consultatif <strong>de</strong>s "34",<br />
a-t-on indiqué <strong>de</strong> source diplomatique.<br />
En revanche, les quinze pays membres <strong>de</strong> l'Union européenne siégeant au<br />
Comité <strong>de</strong>s ministres "souhaitent qu'une réponse puisse servir à éclairer le<br />
débat" que tiendra le Parlement européen à l'automne sur la ratification <strong>de</strong><br />
l'accord d'Union douanière avec la Turquie, a indiqué à l'AFP l'ambassa<strong>de</strong>ur<br />
<strong>de</strong> France auprès <strong>de</strong> l'organisation, Michel Lennuyeux.<br />
Le Parlement européen, en eff<strong>et</strong>, a conditionné la ratification <strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong><br />
accord, signé en mars <strong>de</strong>rnier <strong>et</strong> qui <strong>de</strong>vrait entrer en vigueur le 1er<br />
janvier prochain, au respect <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> la démocratie par<br />
la Turquie.<br />
L'Assemblée avait exigé le r<strong>et</strong>rait total <strong>de</strong>s troupes turques du nord <strong>de</strong><br />
l'Irak, la fixation d'un délai pour mener à bien les réformes '<br />
constitutionnelles <strong>et</strong> législatives exigées par l'organisation, <strong>et</strong> le début<br />
d'une recherche <strong>de</strong> solution politique au conflit kur<strong>de</strong>.<br />
Arn/.,.h/ ......<br />
FRS0278 4 I 0217 /AFP-LAli<br />
Europe-Turquie<br />
Conseil <strong>de</strong> l'Europe: signe <strong>de</strong> bonne volonté <strong>de</strong> la Turquie<br />
.-<br />
STRASBOURG, 10 mai (AFP) - La Turquie, menacée d'être "suspendue" du<br />
Conseil <strong>de</strong> l'Europe pour non-respect <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'Homme,' a signé<br />
mercredi <strong>de</strong>ux protocoles à la Convention européenne <strong>de</strong> prévention <strong>de</strong> la<br />
torture, a-t-on appris auprès <strong>de</strong> l'organisation pan-européenne.<br />
La signature <strong>de</strong> ces <strong>de</strong>ux textes, techniques <strong>et</strong> portant uniquement sur la<br />
procédure, est interprétée par <strong>de</strong>s observateurs comme une manière pour<br />
Ankara <strong>de</strong> manifester son désir <strong>de</strong> rester au sein du Conseil <strong>de</strong> l'Europe <strong>et</strong><br />
sa bonne volonté.<br />
L'Assemblée parlementaire du Conseil a <strong>de</strong>mandé le 26 avril "d'envisager<br />
la suspension <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> la Turquie" si elle ne satisfait pas d'ici la<br />
fin juin à trois conditions concernant les normes <strong>de</strong> l'organisation en<br />
matière <strong>de</strong> respect <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'Homme <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> la démocratie, notamment<br />
dans le cadre du conflit kur<strong>de</strong>.<br />
L'une <strong>de</strong> ces conditions a été remplie par le r<strong>et</strong>rait total <strong>de</strong>s troupes<br />
turques du nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak. Cependant, les parlementaires ont également<br />
exigé qu'Ankara amorce "la recherche d'une solution pacifique au problème<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>" <strong>et</strong> donne "un délai précis dans lequel la Turquie <strong>de</strong>vra rendre sa<br />
constitution <strong>et</strong> sa législation conformes aux principes <strong>et</strong> normes du Consei<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'Europe" •<br />
dro/pre/ms<br />
AFP /J00245/101253 MAI 95<br />
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Un père porte son enfant blesséà l'hôpital, après une attaque <strong>de</strong>s gardiens <strong>de</strong> la<br />
révo[!ltion ir,anienne. En 1979, Khomeiny déç/ençhe sa guerresainte contre les Kur<strong>de</strong>s.<br />
« Watan giyan wa saru malem fiday to wa giyan.»<br />
(<strong>de</strong> sacrifie mon âme, mesbiens <strong>et</strong> ma vie pOur toi, ma patrie. »)<br />
Les Kur<strong>de</strong>s, peuple écartelé<br />
Résistants kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
à Divandare,<br />
au Kurdistan d'Iran, 1980.<br />
PHOTOS: REZAIIMAX.<br />
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REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETÎ<br />
Le Mon<strong>de</strong> - 11 mai 1995<br />
La Turquie relance le débat sur la modification <strong>de</strong>s frontières <strong>de</strong> l'Irak<br />
L'UNION EUROP~ENNE a «pris acte »,<br />
mardi 9 mai, <strong>de</strong> l'annonce, à la fin <strong>de</strong> la semaine<br />
<strong>de</strong>rnière, par la Turquie, du r<strong>et</strong>rait total<br />
<strong>de</strong> ses troupes d'Irak du Nord. Dans un<br />
.communiqué, les Quinze, tout en rappelant<br />
leurs préoccupations «en matière <strong>de</strong> démocratisation<br />
<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> [respect] <strong>de</strong>sdroits <strong>de</strong> l'homme» à<br />
l'intérieur <strong>de</strong> la Turquie, ont souligné leur «attachement<br />
à la stabilité <strong>et</strong> à l'intégrité territoriale<br />
<strong>de</strong>s Etats <strong>de</strong> la région.» Il s'agit surtout <strong>de</strong><br />
l'Irak, sur le territoire duquel Ankara avait envoyé,<br />
le 20 mars, 35000 soldats, pour déloger<br />
les rebelles klw1es du Parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs<br />
(PKK).<br />
L'insistance européenne n'est pas superflue<br />
après les déclarations du prési<strong>de</strong>nt Suleyman<br />
Demirel selon lesquelles la Turquie souhaite<br />
corriger le tracé <strong>de</strong> sa frontière avec l'Irak, pour<br />
en assurer l'imperméabilité. La nouvelle ligne,<br />
ava,( prdi'Se'tIf. '''è'n'rir<strong>et</strong>; 1e 2 mai, dë\lt~t<br />
suivre le Pied <strong>de</strong>s mQntagnes en teWitorre irakierr-<strong>et</strong><br />
-inclure"la- province <strong>de</strong> Mossoul, la.<br />
quj:Jle.. selon lui, «appartient encore à la Thr<br />
quie ». Il faisait allusion au démembrement <strong>de</strong><br />
l'Empire ottoman, au terme duquel les wiloy<strong>et</strong><br />
<strong>de</strong> Bassorah, Bagdad <strong>et</strong> Mossoul <strong>de</strong>vaient<br />
constituer l'Etat irakien, Ankara n'ayant renoncé<br />
à la «province» <strong>de</strong> Mossoul, en Juin 1926,<br />
qu'après <strong>de</strong> longues tractaHons avec la<br />
Gran<strong>de</strong>-Br<strong>et</strong>agne <strong>et</strong> la signature d'un accord<br />
entre l'Irak <strong>et</strong> la Turkish P<strong>et</strong>roleum.<br />
Certains diplomates occi<strong>de</strong>ntaux m<strong>et</strong>tent en<br />
gar<strong>de</strong> contre toute dramatisation <strong>de</strong>s déclarations<br />
du chef <strong>de</strong> l'Etat turc, qui, à leur avis,<br />
doivent être lues à la lumière <strong>de</strong>s luttes <strong>de</strong> pouvoir<br />
opposant M. Demirel au premier ministre,<br />
Tansu CiIler.Ilsfont valoir que ces tiraiIlements<br />
Die Europaratsminister<br />
avaient déjà pu être constatés au début <strong>de</strong> l'incursion<br />
turque dans le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak. MmeCiller<br />
avait affirmé que celle-ci serait <strong>de</strong> courte durée.<br />
alors que M. Demirel n'excluait pas une<br />
prolongation .<br />
Que c<strong>et</strong>te explication soit fondée ou non, elle<br />
ne dédramatise rien aux yeux du régime irakien<br />
- pas plus qu'au regard <strong>de</strong> l'ensemble <strong>de</strong>s pays<br />
arabes -, qui a multiplié les mises en gar<strong>de</strong>.<br />
Bagdad a fait savoir aussitôt qu'il n'avait absolument<br />
pas l'intention <strong>de</strong> discuter d'une modification<br />
<strong>de</strong> la frontière avec son voisin du nord<br />
<strong>et</strong> qu'il s'opposerait «par tous les moyens légitimes»<br />
à une éventuelle décision « uni/atérale »<br />
<strong>de</strong> la Turquie à ce suj<strong>et</strong>.<br />
• ZONE D'EXCLUSION It<br />
Les autorités iral<strong>de</strong>nnes ont toujours considéré<br />
comme un prélu<strong>de</strong> au dépeçage du pays la<br />
'C~tiOnJ.J pour <strong>de</strong>s raisons humanitaires -, par<br />
une coalition occi<strong>de</strong>ntale emmenéé\~ar les<br />
Etats Unis, d'une «zone d'exclusion» au nord<br />
du' 3l;
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
Iran Plans a Vast Nuclear Buildup<br />
. ...<br />
But Top Official Denies Any Intentto Develop Weapons<br />
By Elaine Sciolino<br />
New York Times Service<br />
TEHRAN - Iran's top nuclear official<br />
says, that his country intends to &ild<br />
about 10 nuclear power plants in the..n.ext<br />
two <strong>de</strong>ca<strong>de</strong>s, but <strong>de</strong>nies accusations by the<br />
United States that Iran is trying to <strong>de</strong>velop<br />
nuclear weapons.<br />
The official, Reza Arnrollahi, also said<br />
that last year he signed a formal contract<br />
with China for two nuclear power reactors<br />
.and that Chinese experts had compl<strong>et</strong>ed a<br />
feasibility study and had begun to draw up<br />
blueprints and engineering reports for a<br />
site in southern Iran.<br />
Iran has already ma<strong>de</strong> a "down payment"<br />
for the project, which will cost $800<br />
million to $900 million and involve training<br />
by Chinese, said Mr. Arnrollahi, director<br />
of Iran's Atomic Ene~gy Organization.<br />
Although the United States has doubted<br />
that China is capable of building the reactors<br />
on its own because the original mo<strong>de</strong>l'<br />
iriclu<strong>de</strong>d parts from Germany and Japan,<br />
Mr. Arnrollahi said the _c!lj.I1.esl; noyvbe~ ,<br />
lieve that they have successfully duplicated<br />
the technology.<br />
The United States has led a global campaign<br />
to prevent Iran from receiving any<br />
nuclear technology because of its suspected<br />
weapons program. Mr. Arnrollahi's<br />
statements suggest that the agreement with,<br />
China is much further along than was<br />
previously known, and that Iran is planning<br />
ilvast long-range nuclear energy program.<br />
, [On Sunday, Leon E. Pan<strong>et</strong>ta, the White<br />
House chief of staff, said Secr<strong>et</strong>ary of State<br />
Warren M. Christopher had conveyed to<br />
the Chinese his "great concern" over sales<br />
of nuclear technology to Iran.<br />
["We have begun the process of trying to<br />
put pressure on them to move away from<br />
this <strong>de</strong>al," Mr. Pan<strong>et</strong>ta said in a broadcast<br />
interview. ,<br />
[He said the White House would continue<br />
to put pressure on both Moscow and<br />
Beijing to back off and ad<strong>de</strong>d, "Un<strong>de</strong>rstand:<br />
This is not acceptable for them to<br />
sell tlUclear technology to the Iranians."]<br />
In addition to its oil reserves Iran has<br />
the second largest naniral g~ reseryes in<br />
the world. Natural gas is much cheaper to<br />
<strong>de</strong>velop than nuclear energy, which makes<br />
U.S. officials suspect that Iran wants nuclear<br />
power for a weapons program.<br />
In a clear attempt to answer charges that<br />
Iran is <strong>de</strong>veloping nuclear weapons, Mr.<br />
Arnrollahi ma<strong>de</strong> his remarks in a two-anda-half-hour,interview<br />
at his agency's new<br />
six-story building. It is part of a sprawling'<br />
complex in central Tehran that inclu<strong>de</strong>s a<br />
small nuclear research reactor built for<br />
Iran by the United States in the late 1960s,<br />
when the monarchy was in power and the<br />
relationship with Washington was (:IQs~:..<br />
Officials'offereda bne(tour of the complex,<br />
including a visit to two radio isotope<br />
laboratories for medical research, although<br />
lh~;~d'not allOw a toui' of the reactor.<br />
.I~îii'cise wejg<strong>et</strong> enough money, in case<br />
~ehave enough trained people, we have a<br />
pliûi't~ take 20years to g<strong>et</strong> 20 percent o~<br />
;dûr"ènergy from nuclear," Mr. Arnrollahi<br />
said. Asked if that could mean about 10<br />
'reactors, he said, "Som<strong>et</strong>hing like that."<br />
That number is higher than what Iranh.~d<br />
preViously been known to be<br />
planning .<br />
Mr. Arnrollahi repeated that<br />
Iran had already invested $6<br />
billion in the project "",,":whichis<br />
subject to international inspection<br />
and safeguards - and<br />
wanted to finish it.<br />
He said the contract with<br />
Moscow consists of a $780 million<br />
<strong>de</strong>al in which Russia will<br />
compl<strong>et</strong>e one of two reactors<br />
that a German firm was building<br />
at the southern port city of<br />
Bushehr before the project was<br />
halted after the 1979revolution.<br />
If that project goes well, Russia<br />
will finish the second reactor.<br />
The United States opposes<br />
the project iri part because it<br />
will give Iran access to expertise,<br />
technology and training it<br />
would not oth~rwise have.<br />
Mr. Arnrollahi said that 150<br />
Russian nuclear experts were<br />
already working at the site and<br />
that 500 would t;:ventually be<br />
based there; a much smaller<br />
.number of 'Iranians will be<br />
'~rained in Russia, he ad<strong>de</strong>d.<br />
"Training people is part of<br />
:that nuclear power plan," he<br />
said. "I don't know why they<br />
make such a hot fudge of it."<br />
He <strong>de</strong>nied that Iran had ne-<br />
.gotiated - or even discussed -<br />
a plan to buy a gas centrifuge<br />
from Russia that could have '<br />
rapidly enriched uranium to<br />
bomb-gra<strong>de</strong> quality.<br />
"This was a diplomatically<br />
ma<strong>de</strong> cake," he said of reports<br />
from Washington about the existence<br />
of a separate, albeit tentative<br />
agreement with Russia.<br />
Russia has agreed to supply<br />
the enriched uranium nee<strong>de</strong>d to<br />
operate the plant it willflnish,<br />
;he 'said. Asked wh<strong>et</strong>her Iran<br />
:Waspursuing a program to en-<br />
;nch uranium, at first he said,<br />
,l'Not now," but ad<strong>de</strong>d quickly:<br />
"No. Not forever. Not. No. Not<br />
!at all."<br />
, Asked why Iran does not use<br />
inatural gas for fuel, Mr. Amrollahi<br />
said: "Natural gas is one of<br />
the best fuels, and many countries<br />
at the moment need it. So<br />
we think it is b<strong>et</strong>ter to sell it."<br />
Like many of Iran's nuclear '<br />
specialists,Mr.- AmrollilhihaS<br />
been educated, i1ndtrained in<br />
the weSt. He hOldsa master's',<br />
<strong>de</strong>grs:e ~,èlectrical engineering<br />
ffOD;l' th-e University of Texas<br />
ai:1da doctorate in physics from<br />
the University of <strong>Paris</strong>. "<br />
He has hea<strong>de</strong>d Iran's nuclear<br />
program for 15years, and spoke<br />
with precision when discussing<br />
,Iran's program.<br />
, But the United States and<br />
Germany have amassed slib-<br />
,stantial evi<strong>de</strong>nce that Iran is<br />
secr<strong>et</strong>ly buying Components<br />
and technology from al!road<br />
,!hat they say can only be usefül<br />
•ID a weapons program.<br />
U.S. and German inteHi-.<br />
gence officials believe that Mr. '<br />
Arnrollahi controls only part of<br />
Iran's nuclear program and that<br />
Tehran has created a parallel<br />
program through the military<br />
thatis lll.1gelyresponsible for<br />
purchases of nuclear related<br />
items.<br />
According to this view, the<br />
Defense Ministry Organization<br />
insi<strong>de</strong> the, Defense Ministry<br />
uses front organizations like the<br />
Sharif University of Technology<br />
in Tehran to help buy nuclear-related<br />
equipment.<br />
On the basis of reportsby<br />
Germany's foreign intelligencè<br />
agency in 1992 and 1993 that<br />
Sharif was involved in secr<strong>et</strong><br />
nuclear activities, Germany began<br />
to reject all requests for<br />
equipment by the university.<br />
Early last year, the German<br />
agency said that the university's<br />
physics research center was in-'<br />
volved in buying technology<br />
that could be used in making<br />
.weapons, including nuclear-related<br />
materials.<br />
Mr. Arnrollahi strongly <strong>de</strong>-<br />
.nied that he was not fully in<br />
.charge.<br />
"I am the responsible for the<br />
atomic energy of Iran," he said.<br />
He also <strong>de</strong>nied reports that'<br />
Iran secr<strong>et</strong>ly has been buying'<br />
nuclear technology and equipment<br />
from abroad, noting that<br />
the International Atomic Energy<br />
Agency, which is responsible<br />
for monitoring nuclear pro-<br />
,grams around the world, turned<br />
up nothing suspicious during a.<br />
VISitto Sharif,University.<br />
But the nuclear chief was linfamiliar<br />
with intelligence re-<br />
,ports about Iran's nuclear-related<br />
overtures abroad and<br />
asked for copies of news reports.<br />
<strong>de</strong>scribing the <strong>de</strong>tails.<br />
64
A - ,-F -P-, -.-::.A - -F.- P- --
REVUE DE PRESSE,PRESS REVIEW,BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ,RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
c~mpted~ns la sé~aration économique, Erbil, la principale ville du<br />
~urd1stan'd Irak, qU1 se trouve,au.centre, près <strong>de</strong> la ligne <strong>de</strong> démarcation<br />
1nter-kur<strong>de</strong>, souffre <strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong>te s1tuation.<br />
Selo~ <strong>de</strong>s habit~nts <strong>de</strong>.la~iiie, l'UPK, qui contrôle Erbil, n'y paie pas<br />
<strong>de</strong> sala 7res comme a ~o~le~man1eh, alors que le PDK, qui y compte beaucoup<br />
<strong>de</strong> part1sans, s'en <strong>de</strong>s1nteresse totalement.<br />
: _ "Les gens à Erbil se sentent oubliés. Certains d'entre eux souhaitent<br />
m~me_Ie r7tou:r.d~~régime irakien", affirme une femme chrétienne qui ne veu1<br />
pas <strong>et</strong>re 1<strong>de</strong>nt1f1ee.<br />
En fait, explique une jeUne homme "tout le mon<strong>de</strong> sait que le PDi
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
Erster kurdischer TV-Sen<strong>de</strong>r in <strong>de</strong>r Türkei<br />
Ein Satellitenprogramm sorgt für Verwinung in Ankara<br />
Seit Beginn dieser Woche kann in <strong>de</strong>r Türkei und <strong>de</strong>n angre~zen<strong>de</strong>n Un<strong>de</strong>rn ein in London<br />
produziertes, via Satellit übermitteltes Femsehprogramm in kurdis~her Sprache e~pfangen<br />
wer<strong>de</strong>n. Nach <strong>de</strong>m jab,relang aufrechterhaltenen Verbot <strong>de</strong>r kurd1Schen Sprache m <strong>de</strong>r<br />
Ortentlichkeit hat nun plötzlich ein Massenmedium bestehen<strong>de</strong> Schranken nmgangen. Der<br />
neue Fernsehsen<strong>de</strong>r steht <strong>de</strong>utlich unter <strong>de</strong>m Einfluss kurdischer Nationalisten.<br />
...;<br />
z<br />
."<br />
it. Istanbul,<br />
17. Mai<br />
Bereits im März hat ein in London stationierter<br />
kurdischer Fernsehsen<strong>de</strong>r namens Med-TV Testsendungen<br />
aufgenoI11Dien, die in <strong>de</strong>r Türkei mit<br />
Satellitenantennen emPfangen wer<strong>de</strong>n konnten.<br />
Für Aussenstehen<strong>de</strong> witkten die ersten Sendungen<br />
eintönig. In <strong>de</strong>n lçurdischen Nationalfarben -<br />
Rot, Grün und Gelb - geklei<strong>de</strong>te Musiker sangen<br />
stun<strong>de</strong>nlang kurdische lie<strong>de</strong>r. Unterbrochen wur<strong>de</strong>n<br />
sie von Kin<strong>de</strong>rprogrammen, Spielfilmen und<br />
unendlich langen Beiträgen zur kurdischen Kultur<br />
und Geschichte.<br />
Auftritt Öcalans<br />
Mit einiger Geduld kommen aber auch politisch<br />
interessierte Zuschauer auf ihre Rechnung.<br />
Der Vorsitzen<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>r in <strong>de</strong>r Türkei verbotenen<br />
Kurdischen Arbeiterpartei (PKK), Abdullah Öcalan,<br />
verkün<strong>de</strong>te beispielsweise in einer Med-Sendung<br />
die Richtlinien seiner Partei. Dabei b<strong>et</strong>onte<br />
er, dass die PKK für die Rechte <strong>de</strong>r Kur<strong>de</strong>n in <strong>de</strong>r<br />
Türkei und nicht für ein unabhängiges Kurdistan<br />
kämpfe. Damit wi<strong>de</strong>rsprach er <strong>de</strong>r staatlichen<br />
Position, wonach die «Terrororganisation» PKK<br />
die Türkei spalten und, so Präsi<strong>de</strong>nt Demirel, auf<br />
türkischem Territorium eine neue Fahne hissen<br />
wolle. 'Dass Med-TV <strong>de</strong>m offIZiell verteufelten<br />
Öcalan ermöglichte, in <strong>de</strong>n Salon allcr türkischen<br />
Bürger und Bürgerinnen vorzudringen, be<strong>de</strong>ut<strong>et</strong>e<br />
eine jäher Wan<strong>de</strong>l in <strong>de</strong>rhiesigen Medienlandschaft.<br />
Bisher hielten sich die elektronischen<br />
Massenmedien an ein Verbot, Interviews mit<br />
PKK-FunktionAren zu sen<strong>de</strong>n.<br />
Ein Novum ist es auch, dass <strong>de</strong>r Privatsen<strong>de</strong>r<br />
aus London <strong>de</strong>n Grossteil seiner Programme in<br />
kurdischer Sprache ausstrahlt. Nach <strong>de</strong>r G';Ündung<br />
<strong>de</strong>r Republik Türkei 1923 galt Kurdisch<br />
während Jahrzehnten als hinterwäldlerischer,<br />
bäurischer Dialekt und war in <strong>de</strong>n Schulen und<br />
<strong>de</strong>n Medien verboten. In <strong>de</strong>r kurzen, hoffnungsvollen<br />
Zeit <strong>de</strong>r Demokratisi~rung Anfang 1991<br />
wur<strong>de</strong> das sogenannte Sprachenges<strong>et</strong>z, welches<br />
Veröffentlichungen in nicht zugelassenen Sprachen<br />
in <strong>de</strong>r Türkei ausdrücklich verbot, aufgehoben..<br />
Damit warenauch die Einschränkwlgen<br />
für das Kurdische eliminiert. Einige Verlage wag-'<br />
ten es damals, Zeitungen und Magazine in Kurdiscl!<br />
zu veI:qf.l:en.tJiçhcm;- 4t ~lektt:.oni,s.çb~.M~:<br />
senmedien wur<strong>de</strong> die kurdische Sprache aber me<br />
verwen<strong>de</strong>t.<br />
Dank <strong>de</strong>r neuen Fernsehstation realisieren<br />
manche türkischen Kur<strong>de</strong>n mit einem .Male <strong>de</strong>n<br />
Reichtum ihrer indogermanischen Muttersprache<br />
und <strong>de</strong>ren Möglichkeiten zu differenziertem Ausdruck.<br />
Wegen <strong>de</strong>r kurdischen Sendungen wird<br />
Med-TV auch im Nordirak verfolgt. IIi Dohuk<br />
beispielsweise verfolgten die Gäste eines Restaurants<br />
bereits Anfang April mit Spannung die Testsendungen.<br />
Das tägliche Programm, vorerst auf<br />
die Abendstun<strong>de</strong>n beschränkt, wird in <strong>de</strong>r prokurdischen<br />
Zeitung «Yeni Politika» veröffentlicht.<br />
Med-TV wird laut <strong>de</strong>n Angaben seines Pressesprechers<br />
hauptsächlich von kurdischen Geschäftsleuten<br />
und Gastarbeitern fmanziert.<br />
Machtlose Regierung<br />
Allmählich wird sich die politische Führung in<br />
Ankara bewusst, dass im Zeitalter <strong>de</strong>r Technologie<br />
auch die striktesten Verbote im Medien-.<br />
wesen wirkungslos sind. Dass <strong>de</strong>r elektronische<br />
Medienmarkt grenzüberschreitend und kaum in<br />
Schranken zu halten ist, hatte als erster türkischer<br />
Politiker <strong>de</strong>r verstorbene Präsi<strong>de</strong>nt Özal erkannt.<br />
Zu Beginn <strong>de</strong>r neunziger Jahre plädierte er dafür,<br />
kurdische Massenmedien in <strong>de</strong>r Türkei zu legalisieren.<br />
Ankara könne mit einem kurdischsprachigen<br />
Kanal die Ziele seiner Politik <strong>de</strong>r Bevölke-.<br />
rung im Südosten einfacher vermitteln und zusätzlich<br />
auch die Kur<strong>de</strong>n <strong>de</strong>s Nordiraks beeinflus •.<br />
sen, argumentierte Özal damals. Sein plötzlicher<br />
Tod im Frühling 1993 s<strong>et</strong>zte dann aber <strong>de</strong>r öffentlichen<br />
Debatte über die Möglichkeit einer friedlichen<br />
Lösung <strong>de</strong>r Kur<strong>de</strong>nfrage ein abruptes<br />
En<strong>de</strong>. Die türkischen Generäle, die zunehmend<br />
an Einfluss gewonnen hatten, machten die Zerschlagung<br />
<strong>de</strong>r PKK zur Vorauss<strong>et</strong>zung für jegliche<br />
<strong>de</strong>mokratische Reformen.<br />
Artikel 8 <strong>de</strong>s aus <strong>de</strong>m Jahr 1991 stammen<strong>de</strong>n<br />
Antiterrorges<strong>et</strong>zes, <strong>de</strong>r «separatistische Propaganda»<br />
untersagt, kam in <strong>de</strong>n Son<strong>de</strong>rgerichten<br />
immer öfters zur Anwendung. So wur<strong>de</strong>n bis<br />
En<strong>de</strong> l<strong>et</strong>zten Jahres 126 Journalisten, SchriftsteU<br />
1er, Herausgeber und Gewerkschafter auf Grqnd.<br />
(fieses Artikels zu teilweise jahrelangen -~~<br />
flngnisstrafen und happigen Bussen verurteilt.<br />
Laut Angaben <strong>de</strong>r Tageszeitung «Sabah» sind<br />
allein in <strong>de</strong>n ersten zwei Monaten dieses Jahres<br />
1260 Zeitungen und Zeitschriften beschlagnahmt<br />
wor<strong>de</strong>n, 103 türkische und kurdische IIitellek"<br />
tuelle sitzen gegenwärtig wegen separatistischer<br />
Propaganda hinter Gittern. IIi Anspielung auf<br />
Artikel 8 sprach selbst <strong>de</strong>r Justizminister, Mehm<strong>et</strong><br />
Mogultay, von Gesinnungsjustiz.<br />
Die Europäische Union hat die Eliminierung<br />
<strong>de</strong>s umstrittenen Artikels vorausges<strong>et</strong>zt, um die<br />
im März unterzeichn<strong>et</strong>e Zollunion mit <strong>de</strong>r Türkei<br />
zu ratifizieren. Weil <strong>de</strong>r Artikel 8 zJ.1Dehmend<br />
auch die Beziehungen <strong>de</strong>r Türkei zum Europarat<br />
und zu <strong>de</strong>n USA belast<strong>et</strong>, hat die Frage um <strong>de</strong>ssen<br />
Verän<strong>de</strong>rung o<strong>de</strong>r Abschaffung eine hitzige<br />
öffentliche Debatte ausgelöst. Die Regierungsch<strong>et</strong>1n<br />
Ciller will laut eigenen Erklärungen <strong>de</strong>n<br />
Artikel verän<strong>de</strong>m, hat aber Schwierigkeiten, <strong>de</strong>n<br />
konservativen Flügel ihrer Partei dafür zu gewinnen.<br />
Die sozial<strong>de</strong>mokratischen Koaliponspartner<br />
wünschen <strong>de</strong>n Paragraphen ganz zu streichen,<br />
stellen im Parlament aber lediglich eine Min<strong>de</strong>rheit.<br />
L<strong>et</strong>zte Woche schlug Präsi<strong>de</strong>nt Demirel vor,<br />
die Militärfùhrung in <strong>de</strong>r strittigen Frage zu kon-<br />
.sultieren. Der von hohen Militärs beherrschte<br />
Nationale Sicherheitsrat, <strong>de</strong>r seit <strong>de</strong>m Militärcoup<br />
von 1980 in manchen Bereichen die Politik <strong>de</strong>s<br />
Lan<strong>de</strong>s bestimmt, wird sich in <strong>de</strong>n nächsten<br />
Tagen mit <strong>de</strong>r Materie befassen.<br />
Da Med-TV nun aber seit Montag in <strong>de</strong>r Türkei<br />
regulAr sen<strong>de</strong>t, erscheint die ganze Debatte müs.<br />
sig. Der Artikel 8, <strong>de</strong>r in <strong>de</strong>r Türkei - wie <strong>de</strong>r Fall<br />
<strong>de</strong>s Schriftstellers Yasar Kemal zeigt - bereits die<br />
67
~--~- - ------------------------------<br />
............-------------------<br />
REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ~RNISTA STAMPA~DENTRODE LA PRENSA~BASINÖZETÎ<br />
For<strong>de</strong>rtmgen nach einer BeendigUng <strong>de</strong>s Krieges vorerst mit Kin<strong>de</strong>r- und Kulturprogranlinen. Aus<br />
im Südostenals separatistische Propaganda einstuft,<br />
lçann gegen elektronische aus <strong>de</strong>m Ausland wird in<strong>de</strong>ssen gemel<strong>de</strong>t, dass sich die Nachfrage<br />
<strong>de</strong>n kurdischen Städten <strong>de</strong>s türläschen Südostens<br />
gesen<strong>de</strong>te Medien nicht angewandt wer<strong>de</strong>n. Med- nach Parabolantennen in <strong>de</strong>n l<strong>et</strong>zten Wochen verdoppelt<br />
habe. '<br />
TVunterliegt<strong>de</strong>mEh-illuss von in Europa exilier~<br />
ten kurdischen Nationalisten. Die Abkürzung<br />
Med steht rur das in Mesopotamienjn <strong>de</strong>r Antike, Verurteilung von zwei Joumaiisten<br />
wohnhafte Volk <strong>de</strong>r Me<strong>de</strong>r, als <strong>de</strong>r~b Nachfahren Istanbul, 17. Mai. (dpa) Ein Gericht in Istanbul<br />
'sich manche kurdis_~hen 1'lati~Q~s~xi p~e~t.!:~_~hten. hat am Mittwoch zwei Journalisten und einen<br />
~Ein InstrUment <strong>de</strong>r Nati()n~listen Verleger wegen separatistischer Propaganda zu<br />
Haftstrafen zwischen 5 und 20 Monaten verurteilt.<br />
Die bei<strong>de</strong>n Journalisten M<strong>et</strong>in Gülbay und .<br />
Der Privatsen<strong>de</strong>r könnte im Klima <strong>de</strong>r poli ti-<br />
,schen und sozialen ~Polarisierung in<strong>de</strong>r Türkei<br />
sich raschzu einem mächtigen Instrument <strong>de</strong>r<br />
kurdischen Nationalisten ~entwickeln. Während<br />
einer Testsendling am 21. März, <strong>de</strong>m kurdischen<br />
Nationaltag Newroz, erschienen Bil<strong>de</strong>r von. türki~<br />
schen Soldaten, die in die Stadt Cizre vorrückten<br />
und dort Kin<strong>de</strong>r und Frauen brutal zusammen-.<br />
schlugen und verschleppten. Solche Bil<strong>de</strong>r vermögen<br />
auch ul1ter politisch uninteressierten Kur<strong>de</strong>n<br />
imWesten <strong>de</strong>r Türkei ,~inen Aufruhr zu ver~<br />
,ursachen. In <strong>de</strong>n seit Montag regulären Sendungen<br />
pegnügte sich <strong>de</strong>r Satellitensen<strong>de</strong>r nun aber.<br />
,Hidir Göktas und ihr Verleger HasanBasri Ciplak<br />
hatten vor einem Jahr eine Reportage mit <strong>de</strong>m<br />
Titel «Vom kaltenKrieg zum heissen Frie<strong>de</strong>n -<br />
Die neue Weltordnung und die Türkei» veröffentlicht.<br />
Mit. <strong>de</strong>m Artikel kombiriiert warein Interview<br />
mit <strong>de</strong>m inhaftierten Vorsitzen<strong>de</strong>n '<strong>de</strong>r verbotenen'<br />
kurdischen Demokratie-Partei, Hatip<br />
Diele. Dieser war am 8. Dezember in Ankara zusammen<br />
mit sieben an<strong>de</strong>ren kurdischen Politikern<br />
wegen Separatismuspropaganda zu 15 Jahren<br />
Haft verurteilt wor<strong>de</strong>n.<br />
Des « amis» français <strong>de</strong> l'Irak<br />
organisent un colloque à <strong>Paris</strong><br />
Ce forum vise à relancer la coopération avec Bagdad<br />
Munie <strong>de</strong> visas délivrés par le Quai d'Orsay, une délégation<br />
<strong>de</strong> hauts fonctionnaires irakiens. parmi lesquels<br />
un diplomate déclaré persona nongrata en 1990, tente<br />
<strong>de</strong> sortir <strong>de</strong> son isolement. international le régime <strong>de</strong><br />
Saddam Hussein. Ce<strong>de</strong>rnier vient d'envoyer un chaleureux<br />
télégramme <strong>de</strong> félicitations au prési<strong>de</strong>nt Chirac.<br />
lI'l<br />
0\<br />
0\<br />
....<br />
IL FAUTVOUERà l'Irak une indéfectible<br />
« amitié» pour organiser,<br />
mercredi 17 mai - jour <strong>de</strong> la<br />
passation <strong>de</strong> pouvoirs entre François<br />
Mitterrand <strong>et</strong> Jacques<br />
Chirac -, un colloque sur les<br />
« perspectives <strong>de</strong> coopération avec<br />
l'Irak». L'Association pour le dé-<br />
,veloppement <strong>de</strong>s relations arabofrançaises<br />
(Adraf) n'a pas hésité à<br />
le faire. Une délégation irakienne<br />
<strong>de</strong> sept membres, conduite par<br />
Salah el Moukhtar, prési<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>de</strong><br />
l'Organisation pour la paix, l'amitié<br />
<strong>et</strong> la solidarité assistera à ce forum,<br />
qui aura lieu à l'Assemblée<br />
'Aqtlonale.<br />
, Créée en 1991, l'Adraf est une<br />
'association privée. Son prési<strong>de</strong>nt,<br />
,Ahmed Chaker, qui a maille à partir<br />
avec la justice française, il ses<br />
entrées en Irak, où il pilote les<br />
hommes d'affaires étrangers. Mais<br />
sont annoncées, lors du colloque,<br />
<strong>de</strong>s « interventions» <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux dé-<br />
:putés <strong>de</strong> la «majorité», Yves<br />
,Bonn<strong>et</strong>' - ancien directeur, <strong>de</strong> la<br />
:DST sous la gauche, député UDF-<br />
'RPR <strong>de</strong> la Manche -, <strong>et</strong> Jacques<br />
Féron - député CNI, app. RPR à<br />
<strong>Paris</strong>, adjoint au maire. M. Bonn<strong>et</strong><br />
a été contacté dans le cadre <strong>de</strong>s<br />
'consultations visant à former im<br />
nouveau gouvernement (Le<br />
Mon<strong>de</strong><strong>de</strong>s14-15 mai). Deux sénateurs<br />
- Serge, Mathieu <strong>et</strong> Jean-<br />
Jacques Robert - <strong>de</strong>vraient, eux<br />
aussi, prendre la parole.<br />
La délégation irakienne, dont<br />
les membres sont <strong>de</strong> hauts fonctionnaires<br />
<strong>de</strong>s ministères <strong>de</strong> l'industrie,<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'agriculture, <strong>de</strong> la santé,<br />
du commerce <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s affaires<br />
étrangères, doit séjourner une semaine<br />
à <strong>Paris</strong>, <strong>et</strong> y rencontrer <strong>de</strong>s<br />
représentants <strong>de</strong> sociétés frànçaises.<br />
Oudaïel Tayi, ancien attaché<br />
<strong>de</strong> presse à l'ambassa<strong>de</strong> d'Irak<br />
en France, aujourd'hui vice-prési<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'association Irak-France<br />
<strong>et</strong> directeur <strong>de</strong> l'agence irakienne<br />
<strong>de</strong> presse, fait partie du voyage. Il<br />
n'y aurait rien à y redire, si,<br />
comme d'autres diplomates irakiens,<br />
M. el Tayi n'avait pas' été<br />
déclaré persona non grata en<br />
France, en septembre 1990 - après<br />
l'invasion du Koweït - pour activités<br />
d'espionnage <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> renseignements,'<br />
Aurait-il donc été «blanchi»<br />
?<br />
LA LEV~E DE L'EMBARGO<br />
C<strong>et</strong>te délégation est munie <strong>de</strong><br />
visas délivrés par le Quai d'Orsay,<br />
contrairement à ce qui s'était passé<br />
en octobre 1994, lorsque le ministère<br />
<strong>de</strong>s affaires étrangères<br />
avait été mis <strong>de</strong>vant le fait accompli<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'arrivée imminente<br />
d'une délégation irakienne, à laquelle<br />
le ministère <strong>de</strong> l'intérieur<br />
s'était chargé d'accor<strong>de</strong>r les autorisations<br />
d'entrée (Le Mon<strong>de</strong> du<br />
31 octobre 1994).<br />
Tout en <strong>de</strong>meurant extrêmement<br />
pru<strong>de</strong>nts - la France, disentils,<br />
quel que soit son prési<strong>de</strong>nt, est<br />
liée par les résolutions du Conseil<br />
<strong>de</strong> sécurité vis-à-vis <strong>de</strong> l'Irak -, les<br />
« amis» <strong>de</strong> Bagdad, toutes tendances<br />
politiques confondues, espèrent<br />
que, sous la prési<strong>de</strong>nce <strong>de</strong><br />
M. Chirac, les choses bougeront.<br />
Les Amitiés franco-irakiennes -<br />
qui viennent d'élire un nouveau<br />
prési<strong>de</strong>nt en la personne <strong>de</strong> l'ambassa<strong>de</strong>ur<br />
Marc Bonnefous, ancien<br />
directeur d'Afrique du Nord<br />
<strong>et</strong> du Moyen-Orient au Quai d'Orsay<br />
<strong>et</strong> ancien conseiller diplomatique<br />
du gouvernement <strong>de</strong><br />
M. Chirac - ont lancé un nouvel<br />
appel pour la levée <strong>de</strong> l'embargo<br />
contre l'Irak, qui a déjà recueilli<br />
une cinquantairie <strong>de</strong> signatures<br />
d'intellectuels.<br />
Dans une l<strong>et</strong>tre adressée au pré-<br />
,si<strong>de</strong>nt élu, Saddam Hussein a appelé<br />
<strong>de</strong> ses vœux une amélioration<br />
<strong>de</strong>s relations avec <strong>Paris</strong>, «Je<br />
souhaite vous rappeler l'action<br />
commune que nous avons menée il<br />
y a vingt ans pour construire <strong>de</strong>s relations<br />
privilégiées entre l'Ira!c <strong>et</strong> la<br />
France », écrit-il. Et d'ajouter:<br />
«Après votre accession à 'la prési<strong>de</strong>nce<br />
<strong>de</strong> la France, nous espérons<br />
que les relations entre nos <strong>de</strong>ux<br />
pays reprendront leur cours, sur les<br />
mêmes bases <strong>et</strong> avec la même vitalité,<br />
dans l'intérêt mutuel <strong>et</strong> celui <strong>de</strong><br />
la paix, <strong>de</strong> la sécurité, du dévelop-<br />
Pement <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> la justice, dans notre<br />
région <strong>et</strong> dans le mon<strong>de</strong>. »<br />
MounaNaïm<br />
68
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
By U~urAhne!<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
W ASHINGTON-<br />
Evi<strong>de</strong>ntly satisfied<br />
- or less cross - with their perfonnance<br />
in selling Turkey's case to<br />
the American public, media and<br />
pliticiansin contraSt'with the record<br />
of the European count<strong>et</strong>parts, Turkey<br />
has exten<strong>de</strong>d the contracts of two<br />
leading Washington lobby finns.<br />
But although g<strong>et</strong>ting another year's<br />
contract from the Turkish government,<br />
Fleishman and Hillard (F&H)<br />
and Capitoline had to agree to serious<br />
cuts in their fees.<br />
It was not clear, however, if the<br />
smaller purse was a result of the lessthan-solid<br />
support Turkey received<br />
from Washin~ton to its recent crossbor<strong>de</strong>r<br />
operatIOnagainst the separatist<br />
Kurdish rebels in northern Iraq.<br />
F&H's contract en<strong>de</strong>d on March<br />
31, and Capitoline's en<strong>de</strong>d on April<br />
30. F&H's contract was initially<br />
exten<strong>de</strong>d by only.2 months due to the<br />
fact thatTurkish Promotion Fund, the<br />
multi-agency government board<br />
which approves lobby accounts, did<br />
not have a me<strong>et</strong>ing scheduled when<br />
F&H's contract expired.<br />
"It's only due to such a mismatch<br />
in timing that the F&H account initially<br />
had to be exten<strong>de</strong>d on a temporary<br />
basis," a Turkish officialtold the<br />
Turkish Oaily News.<br />
High-level representatives of both<br />
fions are currently in Ankara, holding<br />
the kind of inter-lobby conference<br />
that' all lobby firms working for<br />
Turkey in the United States and<br />
Europe held three months ago in<br />
London to coordinate their activities<br />
on a global scale.<br />
The representatives m<strong>et</strong> with<br />
Turkish Foreign Ministry officials on<br />
Monday and some of them were also<br />
to fly to Turkish Republicof Northern<br />
Cyprus (TRNC) to see the island<br />
republic for the first time. Their<br />
TRNC visit fuels existing rumors that<br />
a mo<strong>de</strong>st breakthrough could take<br />
place in the Cyprus issue within the<br />
next year.<br />
Turkish officials in Washington<br />
assured TON thatthey were "very<br />
salisfied~:.with ..the.services .provi<strong>de</strong>d<br />
both by,f&}{.Il\Vbich.is. responsible<br />
fdr ,"media refations;"rand'Capîtoline,<br />
which s~ecializes in "govermnent<br />
relations. '<br />
Y<strong>et</strong>, an informed source told the<br />
TDN that, although their contracts<br />
were renewed, both companies had to<br />
accept a pay cut. F&H was paid<br />
$525,000 every three months last<br />
year. Capitoline, on the other hand,<br />
received $487,500 during the last six<br />
months of service.<br />
An F&H source confinned that the<br />
finn had taken a pay cut. The source<br />
said that F&H would be paid about<br />
$430,000 pcr quarter in the new contract<br />
period, which represents a cut of<br />
18 percent. Capitoline reportedly<br />
also accepted a similar reduction in<br />
paycheck but at this writing senior<br />
company officials could not be<br />
reached for confinnation.<br />
TON also learned that both companies<br />
will be subjected to a quarterly<br />
"perfonnance review."<br />
If they fail to pass the review, their<br />
contracts might be reevaluated before<br />
the annual contracts expire.<br />
The F&H source could not confinn<br />
the reported "performance revit;w"<br />
clause in the new contract.<br />
Another reported modification in<br />
these two firms' contracts was the<br />
authoritx given to F&H to do some<br />
limited 'government relations" work<br />
on Capitol Hill that was previously<br />
carried out mainly, if not exclusively,<br />
by the Capitoline team. An F&H<br />
source confirmed the mentioned<br />
change in their contract.<br />
Other sources have told TON during<br />
the last year that such overlapping<br />
of responsibilities b<strong>et</strong>ween the two<br />
highly comp<strong>et</strong>itive PR companies<br />
caused minor strains in their relationship.<br />
With this recent rearrangement of<br />
their job <strong>de</strong>scriptions, it is expected<br />
that Similar misun<strong>de</strong>rstandings will be<br />
avoi<strong>de</strong>d and the efficiency of the<br />
overalloperation will increase.<br />
The TON also learned that the<br />
Greek Cypriots have hired Ed<br />
Oerwinski to represent their cause in<br />
Washington in addition to the<br />
Manatos & Manatos company.<br />
Oerwinski is a well-known name III<br />
the capital.<br />
He served in the U.S. House of<br />
Representatives for 22 years as a<br />
Republican Congressman from<br />
ChIcago.<br />
After 'Iosin~ his' seat-doe -to redistricting,<br />
Oerwlllski was broughti:into<br />
the Bush administration to work 'first<br />
briefly at the Department of V<strong>et</strong>erans<br />
AffalfS, and then at the State<br />
Oepartment.<br />
69
Hasan Ocak'smur<strong>de</strong>r<br />
" .<br />
provokes strong reactIons.<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
~<br />
!/.<br />
><<br />
= 0:<br />
::><br />
~ - .,...,. ï::<br />
ANKARA- The case of Hasan Ocak, who went<br />
missing after his alleged <strong>de</strong>tention by police on<br />
March 21 and was discovered <strong>de</strong>ad in Istanbul on<br />
May 16, has led to angry reactions from human<br />
rights groups.<br />
'<br />
Ata joint press conference held in Ankara on<br />
Wednesday, Akm Birdal, the chairmanof the<br />
,Human Rights Association (IHD), and Yavuz Onen,<br />
chairman of the Human Rights Foundationof<br />
Turkey (TIHV), said the government was responsible<br />
for Ocak's mur<strong>de</strong>r. Önen also said Prime Minister TansüÇillerwas<br />
"the mur<strong>de</strong>rer of Hasan Ocak." , 'who have ~(lnc:;lissing," they said, and for prosecutors to s<strong>et</strong> up rnvesti-<br />
''The prime minister has to fmd out w?o mur<strong>de</strong>red Hasan Ocak ?r she gations to nnd out who is re~p~nsi~lefor people going missin~. .<br />
' has to resign. We willnot allQ.wcertam forces to turn Turkey mto a ' . Hasan Ocak, 27, went nussmg m Istanbul on March 21 aner calhng<br />
'country ofunsolved mur<strong>de</strong>rs," Onen ad<strong>de</strong>d. Birdal, who spoke on behalf his sister to say he would shortly be home. Nothing was heard from him<br />
of both the IHD and 'fI.HV at the press cönference, spoke .of ~e effort 'after that. ,<br />
ma<strong>de</strong> by human rights groups to find Hasan Ocak after his dlsappear- Although at least two people, who were <strong>de</strong>tained at the Istanbul police<br />
ance and the lack of results. ' <strong>de</strong>partment and later released, testified that they had seen Hasan Ocak in<br />
"In '1994 a total of 327 people were reported missing to the nID and the police center, officials <strong>de</strong>nied they had <strong>de</strong>tained Ocak. '<br />
unfortunat~ly none of the prosecutors i~ this cpuntry take action to The campaign to shed light on Ocak's whereabouts brought no results<br />
investigate the cases of missmg people," B1!dalsaid. . and finally on May 16 his relatives i<strong>de</strong>ntified his body from a photo-<br />
"It is said that villagers found hi~ bodY.I~the forest area of Istanbul- graph in the police forensic medicine <strong>de</strong>partment. Sources said a nurse<br />
' Beykoz and took him to the forenSIc medlcme <strong>de</strong>partment, then he was working in the <strong>de</strong>partment, who did not want to be i<strong>de</strong>ntified, called<br />
buried in the Küçük~ekmece paurers' cem<strong>et</strong>ery. The go~ernment has to Ocak's family and informed them about the corpse. The family then<br />
launch an investIgatIon and quesl1o~ tho~e ..yhofound his c?rpse, .those went to cheek the photographs. It emerged that Ocak's body was found<br />
who carried out the autopsy and buned him m a very short tune Without on March 26, five days after he disappeared, and he was buried on April<br />
'Conductingany checks," Brrdal <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>d. - 13 in Istanbul's Kü,ükçekmece distnct. '<br />
, The IHD chairman also pointed out that Hasan Ocak's case ..yasvery The Beykoz distnct prosecutor also confirmed that the corpse was that<br />
well known publicly and it was very hard ~oun<strong>de</strong>rstan~ the offiCialswho of Hasan Ocak, thatit had been found in Beykoz, and had remained at<br />
<strong>de</strong>ci<strong>de</strong>d to bury someone without mfomung the public that a body had the forensic medicine <strong>de</strong>partment for 29 days, then was buried in<br />
been found.' . Küçükçekmece cem<strong>et</strong>ery.' .<br />
He claimed that there was an organized group carrymg out torture and The prosecutor's office said Ocak's family i<strong>de</strong>ntified him from phomur<strong>de</strong>rs.<br />
. . . tographs, that the body had been examined before it was buried, and a<br />
" Both the IHD and TIHV caIled on nongovernmental orgarnzatlons to court or<strong>de</strong>r was necessary to exhume the body and carry out a second<br />
s<strong>et</strong> up a civil commission to investigate the H~sa~ Ocak case. Th.ey 'autopsy. '<br />
repeated their <strong>de</strong>mand for human righ~ n?w and myiled everybody'wlth, With Hasan Ocak's mur<strong>de</strong>r the list of people who have gone missing<br />
any piece of information about those Inlssmg to testIfy. '<br />
"We call on the government to disclose what has h~ppened to those<br />
in Turkey has been shortened but the list of unsolved killings has<br />
increased by one.<br />
Now, Ocak'sfamily is waiting for Irisgrave to be reopened and for an<br />
autopsy to discover how and when he was killed. ,.,<br />
~<br />
~<br />
~<br />
~<br />
, ,<br />
Columnist Altan charged<br />
, ,<br />
for satire about Kurds<br />
. By AIiza Marcùs I Reuter'<br />
ISTANBUL- A Turkish columnist who satirized<br />
the country's restrictions against Kurdish cultural and<br />
political rights has be.en charged with provoking<br />
racism,court officiaIs said onWednesday. .<br />
Ahm<strong>et</strong> Altan, who was fired from hisjob at the<br />
daily Milliy<strong>et</strong> because of the column, was charged<br />
this week with article 312 of the penal co<strong>de</strong>, un<strong>de</strong>r<br />
which it is a crime to promote differences among people<br />
based on race, religion, class or region.<br />
He faces up to six yearS in prison if convicted. The<br />
Ahm<strong>et</strong><br />
Altan<br />
70
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
~se.of article 312 un<strong>de</strong>rscores the J1!.yriadlaws which can be used to<br />
lurut <strong>de</strong>bate] although Western attentIOn recently has focused on .article<br />
8 of the antI-terror law, a catch-all ruling which bans "separatist propaganda".<br />
Human rights officials say as pressure mounts on Turkey to lift<br />
article 8, prosecutors are increasingly applying 312. .<br />
Altan's column two months ago caused a furore because he imagined<br />
what the country would be like if Turkey's revered foun<strong>de</strong>r Mustafa<br />
Kemal Atatürk liad been a Kurd instead il a Turk. Altan who comes<br />
from a distinguished journalistic family, wrote that Turkey would be<br />
called "Kur<strong>de</strong>y", Turkish would be banned and Turks <strong>de</strong>fending their<br />
<strong>et</strong>hnici~ woufd be jailed. The column turned on its head the prOblems<br />
Turkey s K~rds face,.from the burning of civilian villages in the southeast<br />
by soldIers fightmg rebel Kurds to torture faced oy <strong>de</strong>tainees and<br />
Turkey's attempts to forcibly assimilate Kurds.<br />
"People think that if you write som<strong>et</strong>hing that makes them angry then<br />
you are guilty of a.crime.:.but this is what <strong>de</strong>moc~cy .means," AI~ told<br />
Re~ters.The no~onous wcle 8.h~ been used to Impnson scores of journalISts,<br />
aca<strong>de</strong>mIcs and tra<strong>de</strong> UnIOnIsts,usualJy for written or verbal state-.<br />
ments cnucising Turkey's human rights record or limits on Kurdish cult~l<br />
and politic~ .expres~io~. Turkish law b~ocks ~urdish-Ianguage educatIon<br />
and televIsIon or radIO broadcasts. DISCUSSIonof KurdIsh nalionalist<br />
aspira~ions and h~story
REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ~RNISTA<br />
STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZETi<br />
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.Slhmam~ ap~ le déclenchement d'Une mœ"ention miliwn<br />
massive qui <strong>de</strong>vait être <strong>de</strong> courte durée, l'armée turque est toujours<br />
présente en territoire irakien où la lutte contre les combattants kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
fait <strong>de</strong>s centaines <strong>de</strong> victimes civiles, tandis que les 9pérations guèrrières<br />
se poursuivent au sud-est <strong>de</strong> la Thrquie. La tolérance <strong>de</strong>s Occi<strong>de</strong>ntaux<br />
à l'égard <strong>de</strong>s Faucons d'Ankara risque d'être lour<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />
.conséquences aussi bien pour la situation politique intérieure que pour<br />
l'équilibre <strong>de</strong> l'ensemble <strong>de</strong> la région.<br />
Emb.ourbée <strong>de</strong>puis bientôt .onze ans<br />
dans une guerre interminable <strong>et</strong> ruineuse<br />
contre la guérilla du Parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs<br />
du Kurdistan (PKK), la Turquie<br />
est à son tour atteinte par le<br />
fameux syndrome du «<strong>de</strong>rnier quart<br />
d'heure ». A l'instar <strong>de</strong> leurs collègues<br />
engagés dans <strong>de</strong>s guerres coloniales, les<br />
généraux turcs proclament à chaque<br />
saison que la victoire est proche, qu'ils<br />
voient enfin le bout du tunnel, qu'avec<br />
un peu plus d'armes, d'avions <strong>et</strong> d'hélicoptères,<br />
<strong>et</strong> s'ils ont «carte blanche»<br />
(1) pour éV\lCuertelle ou telle région ou<br />
franchir telle frontière, ils écraseront<br />
définitivement la rébellion.<br />
L'intervention massive <strong>de</strong> l'armée<br />
turque, le 20 mars <strong>de</strong>rnier, dans le Kurdistan<br />
irakien procè<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong>te logique<br />
<strong>de</strong> fuite en avant: Décidée apparem-<br />
, 'ment à la seule initiative <strong>de</strong>s militaires,<br />
sans consultation ni même information<br />
du Parlement <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> la plupart <strong>de</strong>s<br />
ministres, c<strong>et</strong>te opération est présentée<br />
par le premier ministre, MmeTansu Çil-<br />
1er comme «la plus importante <strong>de</strong><br />
l'histoire du pays <strong>de</strong>puis la guerre<br />
,russo-turque <strong>de</strong> 1877 ». Si l'on en croit<br />
Ankara, elle vise à « éliminer les quelque<br />
3 000 terroristes du PKK » installés<br />
,dans les zones frontalières <strong>et</strong> à détruire<br />
'leurs bases. Son coOt est estimé à I milliard<br />
<strong>de</strong> dollars par mois.<br />
Appuyée par <strong>de</strong>s chars, <strong>de</strong>s bombardiers<br />
<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s hélicoptères, une force <strong>de</strong><br />
35 000 soldats a violé une frontière<br />
internationale, a envahi <strong>et</strong> occupé en<br />
quelques jours un territoire irakien <strong>de</strong><br />
8 400 kilomètres. carrés. .C<strong>et</strong> espace<br />
'fait partië<strong>de</strong>la
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
Europe l'armée turque a reçu <strong>de</strong> Bonn,<br />
à'titre <strong>de</strong> don, un arsenal considérable:<br />
300 chars <strong>de</strong> l'ancienne année <strong>de</strong> la<br />
République démocratique alleman<strong>de</strong><br />
(RDA), 100 chars Leopard, 45 bo~bardiers<br />
Phantom, 250 000 kalachnikovs,<br />
100 000 missiles antichars, <strong>et</strong>c. En<br />
1993, elle a obtenu <strong>de</strong> Washington, également<br />
sous forme <strong>de</strong> dons, 1 017 chars,<br />
ANKARA a, jusqu'ici, pu jouer<br />
habilement sur le manque <strong>de</strong><br />
cohésion <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> volonté politique <strong>de</strong><br />
l'Union européenne <strong>et</strong> sur les conflits<br />
d'intérêt commerciaux entre ses' États<br />
membres, tout en ménl!8eant sa relation<br />
privilégiée avec les Etats-Unis. Washington<br />
ad' ailleurs ouvertement<br />
exprimé sa «compréhension» pour<br />
l'intervention turque. n est même fort<br />
probable que c<strong>et</strong>te «compréhension»<br />
se soit accompagnée d'un appui tech-<br />
.nique. Citant <strong>de</strong>s sources du, ministère<br />
britannique <strong>de</strong> la défense, l'Agence<br />
France-Presse indique que l'armée<br />
turque a bénéficié <strong>de</strong>s photos aériennes<br />
du.Kurdistan irakien prises par les Harrier<br />
027 <strong>de</strong> la Royal Air Force, les<br />
Jaguar français ainsi que par un avion<br />
Awacs <strong>de</strong> l'OTAN appartenant à la<br />
force multinationale chargée du<br />
contrôle <strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong>te zone (5). Aux Turcs<br />
invoquant le droit <strong>de</strong> suite pour justifier<br />
,leur intervention, Washington répond en<br />
« Compréhension » occi<strong>de</strong>ntale<br />
600 véhicules blindés <strong>et</strong> 70 pièces<br />
d'artillerie (4). Ces annes qui, en principe,<br />
ne <strong>de</strong>vaient pas servir à <strong>de</strong>s fins <strong>de</strong><br />
sécurité intérieure, sont ouvertement<br />
utilisées dans la guerre du Kurdistan où,<br />
à ce jour, plus <strong>de</strong> 2 000 villages <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s<br />
milliers d'hectares <strong>de</strong> forêt ont été<br />
détruits, souvent par <strong>de</strong>s bombar<strong>de</strong>ments<br />
aériens.<br />
,substance : « D'accord, mais faites'vite<br />
<strong>et</strong> r<strong>et</strong>irez rapi<strong>de</strong>ment vos troupes. »<br />
De quel droit <strong>de</strong> suite s'agit-il? Tous<br />
les observateurs attentifs <strong>de</strong> la scène ..<br />
turque savent que, <strong>de</strong>puis <strong>de</strong>s mois,'<br />
aucune action militaire significative <strong>de</strong><br />
la guérilla kur<strong>de</strong> n'a eu lieu dans c<strong>et</strong>te<br />
zone frontalière. Le plus récent accrochage<br />
meurtrier s'est produit trois jours<br />
avant le lancement <strong>de</strong> la gran<strong>de</strong> offensive<br />
turque, mais dans la province <strong>de</strong><br />
Dersim (Tunceli), à plus <strong>de</strong> 500 kilomètres<br />
<strong>de</strong> la frontière irakienne : 15 sol-'<br />
dats <strong>et</strong> officiers turcs sont morts au<br />
cours d'une embusca<strong>de</strong> tendue par les<br />
'guérilleros du PKK. Épiso<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>venu<br />
banal dans une guerre où, en onze ans,<br />
15 850 personnes selon Ankara (34 200,<br />
selon le PKK) ont trouvé la mort. Le<br />
maigre bilan <strong>de</strong> l'invasion - 320 morts<br />
en un mois d'opérations selon la version<br />
turque, une quarantaine selon le PKK -<br />
montre, que c<strong>et</strong>te zone dépeuplée abritait<br />
peut-être ,quelques camps du PKK, mais<br />
que ceux-ci restaient marginaux par rapport<br />
aux maquis installés à l'intérieur <strong>de</strong><br />
la Thrquie <strong>et</strong> qui regroupent <strong>de</strong> 12 000 à<br />
15000 combattants.<br />
Pour ne pas prêter le flanc aux inter"<br />
ventions répétées <strong>et</strong> déstabilisatrices <strong>de</strong><br />
l'armée turque, les Kur<strong>de</strong>s irakiens<br />
avaient eux-mêmes, en octobre 1992,<br />
délogé le PKK <strong>de</strong> ses bases dans les<br />
zones frontalières <strong>et</strong> interdit à celui-ci<br />
toute action militaire à partir <strong>de</strong> ce territoire.<br />
20 000 soldats turcs avaient alors<br />
franchi la frontière, pour « n<strong>et</strong>toyer définitivement<br />
les bases arrière du PKK »<strong>et</strong><br />
Ankara avait annoncé 'triomphalement<br />
la mort <strong>de</strong> « 2 500 terroristes du PKK »<br />
dans ces opérations.<br />
Occuper c<strong>et</strong>te région afin <strong>de</strong> créer une<br />
illusôire « ban<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> sécurité » ou « zone<br />
tampon », comme certains généraux<br />
turcs le réclament, conduirait à une<br />
extension <strong>et</strong> à une internationalisation<br />
<strong>de</strong> la guerre <strong>et</strong> inciterait une partie <strong>de</strong> la<br />
population kur<strong>de</strong> d'Irak à basculer dans.<br />
le camp du PKK afin <strong>de</strong> combattre<br />
l'occupation étrangère. L'armée turque,<br />
qui, malgré un budg<strong>et</strong> évalué en 1994 à<br />
12,5 milliards <strong>de</strong> dollars (6), malgré ses<br />
350 000 soldats, gendarmes <strong>et</strong> autres<br />
supplétif& appuyés par l'artillerie<br />
lour<strong>de</strong>, les blindés <strong>et</strong> l'aviation n'a pu<br />
remporter militairement la guerre dans<br />
le Kurdistan turc, n'aurait rien à gagner<br />
à l'extension du théâtre <strong>de</strong>s opérations à<br />
l'une <strong>de</strong>s régions les plus escarpées <strong>et</strong><br />
les plus difficiles d'accès <strong>de</strong> l'Asie occi<strong>de</strong>ntale.<br />
Si, avec une telle armada, elle<br />
n'a pas pu anéantir les maquis du PKK à<br />
l'intérieur, comment peut-elle <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>r<br />
aux Kur<strong>de</strong>s irakiens dépourvus <strong>de</strong><br />
"<br />
MOISSON DANS LE KURDISTAN D'IRAK<br />
Un pars totalement dévasté, sans moyens techniques ni linanciers<br />
73
moyens le çontrôle strict <strong>de</strong> "leurs frontières?<br />
... ~~te.~ors u~ autre prétexte, invoqué,<br />
.I)ar.ra .mpiomabe turque .: rempfu ou'<br />
.n.lâir<strong>de</strong>, s'enfoncê'<br />
daris une guerre sàris' iSsue <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>vient,-<br />
selon les termes <strong>de</strong> M. Richard Röl"<br />
br?oke, secrétaire d'État adjçirit arnéri~<br />
:c;am, « le pays <strong>de</strong> tous,les lÙpJgers». Sa<br />
politique kur<strong>de</strong> d'un~aj.\tre âge, par son<br />
coßtéionomiqlle <strong>et</strong>.huiniiÏn, marginalise'<strong>de</strong>s'couches<br />
.entiè~s <strong>de</strong> la population,<br />
attis-e les èliväges <strong>et</strong>hniques <strong>et</strong><br />
:religieux, aÜmen,te les mouvements<br />
islamistes <strong>et</strong> e~trémistes, transforme les<br />
~aIi<strong>de</strong>s'mé~opoles du pays en véritàbl~s<br />
poudrières.<br />
t, «~~mp~rt<strong>de</strong> l'Occi<strong>de</strong>nt », gangr~né.<br />
par le conflit kur<strong>de</strong>, pourrait<br />
'/l"effondrer <strong>et</strong> se disloquer. La<br />
~~compréhension» <strong>de</strong>s Occi<strong>de</strong>ntaux à<br />
l'égard <strong>de</strong>s Faucons, qui, <strong>de</strong>puis la mort<br />
.du prési<strong>de</strong>nt Turgut Ozal, se sont engagésdans<br />
une politique suicidaire, leur<br />
refus' <strong>de</strong> proposer un statut acceptable<br />
aux 25 à 30 millions <strong>de</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong>s du<br />
.,Proche-Orient en lutte pour leur survie<br />
<strong>et</strong> pour la défense <strong>de</strong> leur i<strong>de</strong>ntité,<br />
risquent d'avoir les mêmes conséquences<br />
que la mansuétu<strong>de</strong>, autrefois, à<br />
l'égard du chah d'Iran, qui <strong>de</strong>vait, avec<br />
. sa« cinquième armée du mon<strong>de</strong> », être<br />
le gendarme régional <strong>de</strong> l'Occi<strong>de</strong>nt. On<br />
sait ce qu'il advint...<br />
(1) Lire Michel Verrier, «Carte blanche à<br />
.l'armée turque au Kùrdistan )', Le Mon<strong>de</strong> diplomatique,<br />
octobre 1993.'<br />
(2) Lire Michel Verrier, « La Thrquie piétine aux<br />
portes <strong>de</strong> l'Union européenne", Le Mon<strong>de</strong> diplomatique,<br />
mw:s.1995.<br />
(3) Lire Jelll1-François Pérouse,« Terre brßlée au<br />
Kurdistan;;, Le "fon<strong>de</strong> diplomatique, mars 1995.<br />
.(4) The European. 7 avri11995.<br />
.fS) Dépêche <strong>de</strong> l'Agence France-Presse,<br />
29' mars 1995,<br />
'(6) seion le ministre turc <strong>de</strong> l'intérieur cité par le<br />
'{urkish DailyNews, 29 janvier 1995:<br />
TURQUIE .'Plus <strong>de</strong> cent ans <strong>de</strong> prison ont été requis 'contre le sociologuelsmail Besikçi- qui a déjà passé<br />
vingt ans <strong>de</strong> sa vie sous les verrous -, "coupable" d'avoir dénoncé le sort fait au peuple kur<strong>de</strong>. Son ami,<br />
le poète Ataol Behramoglu, lui a rendu visite dans sa geôle.<br />
74<br />
Ismail Besikçi,<br />
une vie <strong>de</strong> droiture <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> cachot<br />
l'intellectuel<br />
Il''<br />
j<br />
;<br />
j<br />
turc qui sourit <strong>et</strong> chuchote en prison<br />
Un 'spéciallsté '<br />
<strong>de</strong> la queStion kur<strong>de</strong><br />
Née" 1939, Ismail Besikçi est;turc.<br />
.Assistant en sociologie à Erzurum, ~ l'est<br />
dupâys, i1.ydé,couvre la question ~JI'<strong>de</strong>.<br />
Ii rédige son doctorat, "Les stru~Nures<br />
socio-économiques <strong>de</strong> l'Est anatolien",<br />
qui lui vaut,en 1969, d'être ... éhassé<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'université. lmmédiatement~rrêté<br />
après le putsch <strong>de</strong> mars 1971, il est<br />
cond~né à treize ans <strong>de</strong> prison pour<br />
"atteinte aux sentimentsnatiQnaux <strong>et</strong><br />
sép¥iJtisme:' expression .accoléeen Tu,,:<br />
'. quie à, quiconque défend les droits natiO-<br />
" nauxkur<strong>de</strong>s. Amnistié en .1974, il est <strong>de</strong><br />
..lJöüv~a.uarr~t~~ I~p!)bliAAtio!,! d'un<br />
'livreciénonçant',es mytlÏesdu kémalisme<br />
(parmi lesquels l'idée que les civiliS!itions<br />
fondatrices - Egyptiens, Sljn1ériens, Hittites,<br />
airisi que d'autres - sOnt toutes<br />
issues <strong>de</strong> Turquie)~ Condamné pour<br />
"insùlte à fa mémoire d'Atatürk: il crou- .<br />
pit dans uri cachot <strong>de</strong> 1977 à!lvri11981,<br />
, ptJi~est arrêté <strong>de</strong> nouveau en juin, c<strong>et</strong>te<br />
fois pO,uravoir "nui à laréputatioo d.e<br />
./'EtiJt turc à l'extérieur" : le sociologue<br />
avait écrit à l'Union <strong>de</strong>s écrivains sué~<br />
dois pour exposer ses conditions <strong>de</strong><br />
détention. Ismail Besikçi a été. adopté<br />
. '.parAmnesty International. liest le plus<br />
vlellXprisonnier <strong>de</strong> conscience d'un pays<br />
membt'e aSsocié<strong>de</strong>l'Ùni()n<br />
occi<strong>de</strong>ntale:<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'Europe<br />
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REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ~RIVISTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZETi<br />
.:<br />
Ataol Behramoglu<br />
CUMHURIYET .ISTArIBUl<br />
Le 24 février <strong>de</strong>rnier, un vendredi<br />
après-midi ensoleillé.<br />
Lorsque nous nous rendons à<br />
la prison d'Ankara pour une<br />
visite à Ismail Besikçi, je songe à<br />
ma première rencontre avec lui.<br />
C'était encore dans l'Ankara <strong>de</strong>s<br />
années60. Nous étions chez un<br />
bouquiniste <strong>de</strong> Kizilay [quartier<br />
central d'Ankara]. Il fouillait dans<br />
<strong>de</strong>s revues pour ses recherches, <strong>et</strong><br />
moi, j'étais <strong>de</strong>rrière je ne sais quel<br />
livre. C'était un jeune homme<br />
blond, avec un sourire timi<strong>de</strong>, qui<br />
parlait doucement comme s'il chuchotait<br />
...<br />
Mon ami Abdullah Nefes, qui a<br />
purgé <strong>de</strong>ux ans avec lui dans la prison<br />
d'Adana, après le putsch militaire<br />
du 12mars 1971,est au volant,<br />
moi à côté. Nous sommes silencieux.<br />
Nous avons tous les <strong>de</strong>ux la<br />
même question dans la tête: comment<br />
sera l'homme qui va nous<br />
accueillir? Je sais qu'Ismail est<br />
incarcéré dans un quartier commun<br />
<strong>de</strong> 80 personnes. Cela n'a pas été<br />
facile d'obtenir la permission <strong>de</strong> lui<br />
rendre visite. Nous avons dû voir le<br />
ministre <strong>de</strong> la Justice en personne.<br />
Et dans le bureau du directeur <strong>de</strong><br />
la prison, nous apprenons ce jourlà<br />
qu'une peine supplémentaire <strong>de</strong><br />
huit ans vient d'être confIrmée à son<br />
encontre ... Ismail n'est pas encore<br />
au courant.<br />
La porte s'ouvre. Ismail Besikçi<br />
entre <strong>de</strong>rrière un gardien. Il porte<br />
un pull à col roulé <strong>de</strong> couleur<br />
sombre, une veste <strong>et</strong> un pantalon<br />
sombres également, d'un tissu<br />
épais. Pourtant, c'est le printemps<br />
<strong>de</strong>hors. Ces vêtements lourds<br />
témoignent du fait que le quartier<br />
où il est enfermé ainsi que la cour<br />
<strong>de</strong> promena<strong>de</strong> ne reçoivent pas le<br />
soleil. Besikçi a le même sourire<br />
timi<strong>de</strong>. Le même chuchotement<br />
lorsqu'il parle. Sans jamais élever<br />
la voix, sans jamais se plaindre,<br />
sinon pour <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>r seulement,<br />
avec l'étonnement d'un homme <strong>de</strong><br />
science: "Peut-on lire un livre dans<br />
le simpk but <strong>de</strong> voir s'il contient un<br />
délit? C'est déjà là que commence<br />
l'absurdité ... " Et puis, il <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong><br />
<strong>de</strong>s nouvelles <strong>de</strong> mon frère Nihat.<br />
Je lui réponds qu'il est en Suisse <strong>et</strong><br />
qu'il va bientôt rentrer. Son sourire<br />
timi<strong>de</strong> <strong>et</strong> chaleureux <strong>de</strong>vient encore<br />
plus large.<br />
Et puis, soudainement, Abdullah<br />
lui annonce la confirmation <strong>de</strong> sa<br />
peine <strong>de</strong> huit ans, en pensant sans<br />
doute qu'il vaut mieux que la nouvelle<br />
lui soit donnée par nous. Je le<br />
fixe avec appréhension: comment<br />
va-t-il réagir? Mais que peuvent<br />
signifier huit ans <strong>de</strong> plus pour un<br />
homme qui cumule déjà <strong>de</strong>s<br />
condamnations <strong>de</strong> je ne sais combien<br />
d'années? Il semble tout <strong>de</strong><br />
même un peu étonné. Et je sens que<br />
quelque branche se casse encore au<br />
fond <strong>de</strong> lui. Comme cela arrive chez<br />
les enfants <strong>et</strong> chez les gens au cœur<br />
généreux qui espèrent toujours <strong>de</strong><br />
bonnes choses ...<br />
Lorsque je rentre à Istanbul la<br />
même nuit, je lis les notes <strong>de</strong> voyage<br />
du grand poète japonais Matsuo<br />
Basho, qui a vécu au XVII" siècle, "Le<br />
chemin étroit qui mène au Nord".<br />
Basho a fait trois grands voyages à<br />
pied dans son pays. Et il a noté ses<br />
observations. Des notes tissées <strong>de</strong><br />
poèmes, fruits d'observations profon<strong>de</strong>s<br />
<strong>et</strong> amères. Je lis plusieurs<br />
fois ces phrases <strong>de</strong> la préface: "R ne<br />
faut pas oublier, en lisant les notes<br />
<strong>de</strong> voyage <strong>de</strong> Basho, que, dans le<br />
Japon <strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong>te époque, on se déplaçait<br />
dans <strong>de</strong>s conditions très djfficüe&<br />
<strong>et</strong> dangereuses. Et le poète, dans les<br />
années <strong>de</strong> soqffrance précédant son<br />
voyage, avait déjà traversé plusieurs<br />
étapes d'une quête d'i<strong>de</strong>ntité." Un<br />
peu plus loin, d'autres phrases racontent<br />
que Basho a voulu se débarrasser<br />
<strong>de</strong> sa propre i<strong>de</strong>ntité, arm <strong>de</strong><br />
se fondre complètement dans<br />
l'i<strong>de</strong>ntité éternelle <strong>de</strong> la poésie, <strong>et</strong><br />
qu' "il a laissé tomber les nécessaires<br />
du voyage pour partir comme un<br />
fou".<br />
L'image du poète qui "est parti en<br />
laissant tomber liespréparatifs du<br />
voyage", <strong>et</strong> celle ~e l'homme avec<br />
qui j'ai parlé dans l'a prison voilà<br />
quelques heures, commencent à se<br />
superposer dans ma tête, d'abord<br />
comme une vague impression, <strong>et</strong><br />
puis comme un sentiment <strong>de</strong> plus<br />
en plus fort. fi y a une ressemblance<br />
énorme entre c<strong>et</strong> homme qui s'est<br />
mis sur les routes pour se débarrasser<br />
<strong>de</strong> sa propre i<strong>de</strong>ntité <strong>et</strong> celuiqui<br />
est venu nous voir avec un gardien,<br />
qui n'est plus très loin <strong>de</strong><br />
dépasser l'âge mûr, ses cheveux<br />
blonds <strong>de</strong> plus en plus espacés, son<br />
sourire toujours aussi timi<strong>de</strong>, qui<br />
parle toujours comme s'il chuchotait,<br />
qui n'accuse personne, qui ne<br />
se plaint <strong>de</strong> rien, mais qui marche<br />
avec conviction <strong>et</strong> obstination sur<br />
le chemin qu'il croit juste ...<br />
Je comprends que le jeune<br />
homme <strong>de</strong>s années 60, après tant<br />
<strong>de</strong> souffrances, ait atteint aujourd'hui<br />
la sérénité d'un <strong>de</strong>rviche, d'un<br />
saint ... Et je veux répéter à tout le<br />
mon<strong>de</strong>, en criant, les paroles que je<br />
lui ai adressées dans la prison d'Ankara<br />
: on est libre <strong>de</strong> partager ou<br />
non les idées d'Ismail Besikçi, mais,<br />
si nous sommes aussi <strong>de</strong>s intellectuels<br />
<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s êtres humains, les<br />
menottes sur ses poign<strong>et</strong>s serrent<br />
également nos poign<strong>et</strong>s <strong>et</strong> nos<br />
propres consciences.<br />
•<br />
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Human Rights Diary<br />
Bunger strike ends<br />
at yozgat prison<br />
The hunger strike begun on March 21 by 180<br />
political prisoners at Yozgat prison to protest their<br />
treatment en<strong>de</strong>d on April 27, the Human Rights<br />
Foundation reported. Lawyers, parents and Justice<br />
Ministry officials came tog<strong>et</strong>her and were able to<br />
bring about the end of the 44-day hunger strike, the<br />
report said. Yusuf Kenan Dogan, un<strong>de</strong>rsecr<strong>et</strong>ary of<br />
the Justice Ministry, Zeki Güngör, director of prisons,<br />
and two representatives of the Contemporary<br />
Journalists Association, Mehm<strong>et</strong> Cengiz and Nusr<strong>et</strong><br />
Senem, m<strong>et</strong> with the parents of someof the prisoners<br />
and agreed to some of the prisoners' <strong>de</strong>mands,<br />
it said. The parents of the prisoners also en<strong>de</strong>d<br />
their hunger strike at the general center of the<br />
Human Rights Association on Wednesday.<br />
(Turkish Daily News, April 28)<br />
BADEP officials<br />
charged and arrested<br />
Leading officials from the pro-Kurdish People's<br />
Democracy Party (HADEP) who were <strong>de</strong>tained a<br />
week ago have been formally charged and placed<br />
un<strong>de</strong>r arrest, sources from the party told the<br />
Tùrkish Daily News on May 4. Among those<br />
charged are HADEP Deputy Chairmen $ehab<strong>et</strong>tin<br />
Özarslan and Hikm<strong>et</strong> Fidan, Assistant Secr<strong>et</strong>ary-<br />
General $eyhmuz Cagro and a member of the<br />
party's Ankara provincial administrative board,<br />
Ferhat Türk. The charges brought by the State<br />
Security Court were not immediately apparent but<br />
the lawyers of the HADEP officials were barred<br />
from. entering the courtroom un<strong>de</strong>r the Law on<br />
Combatting Terrorism. Observers saythis gives an<br />
indication of what the HADEP officials have been<br />
charged with. HADEP's precursor, the Democracy<br />
Party (DEP), was closed by the constitutional court<br />
last year and its <strong>de</strong>puties were charged and convicted<br />
to harsh prison sentences on the grounds<br />
that they had links with the outlawed Kurdistan<br />
Workers' Party (PKK). (Turkish Daily News, May 5)<br />
Court adjourns trial of Yafar<br />
Kemal for tWo months<br />
The State Security Court in Istanbul on May 5<br />
adjourned to July 7 the trial of Turkey's best-known<br />
writer, Ya~ar Kemal, charged with advocating separatism<br />
and fanning public unrest with an article published<br />
in the German magazine Der Spiegel last<br />
year. Responding to charges, Kemal told the court<br />
that he was against racism and had upheld unity<br />
contrary to charges of separatism. Scores of local<br />
and foreign reporters and newsmen with television<br />
cameras jostled with one another insi<strong>de</strong> the tiny,<br />
packed courtroom to film the burly author, often<br />
blocking the view of the judges and <strong>de</strong>fense attorneys.<br />
More foreign journalists were present than<br />
Turks to observe the trial. "I am not a racist. I have<br />
never been a Kurdish or a gypsy nationalist. I am a<br />
socialist," the 69-year-old Kemal <strong>de</strong>clared. "For the<br />
past 50 years, as a writer, I have fought against<br />
racism. I have always sought to be a unifier through<br />
my writings, not a separatist." The barrel-chested<br />
author asserted he was on trial not because of his<br />
Der Spiegel article, but due to mistranslations published<br />
by the newspapers Hürriy<strong>et</strong> and Milliy<strong>et</strong>. "The<br />
prosecutor did not build his case against my words,<br />
but on the so-called summary reporting by Milliy<strong>et</strong><br />
and Hürriy<strong>et</strong>, based on their so-called translations<br />
from German," Kemal said. "Sentences are taken<br />
out of context. Passages have been removed by<br />
tweezers and changed ... It would not be a lie to<br />
say this is not my writing. This is Hürriy<strong>et</strong>'s and<br />
Milliy<strong>et</strong>'s writing," asserted the tall, 6-foot writer. UA<br />
writer stands as a compl<strong>et</strong>e whole. A text is also a<br />
compl<strong>et</strong>e whole. If we can attribute offenses to a<br />
writer on the basis of pieces of sentences plucked<br />
and distorted out of a writing, then there is no writer<br />
in Turkey who will not be found guilty even by the<br />
most conscientious judge," said he. He accused the<br />
prosecutor of frivolity for bringing totally unfoun<strong>de</strong>d<br />
charges. "He would have at least the German version<br />
translated by a neutral party, or he would have<br />
asked me for the Turkish version," Kemal said to<br />
the judges. If found guilty, Kemal could face two to<br />
five years in prison. Imprisoned many times for his<br />
political views, Kemal is best known for his novels<br />
<strong>de</strong>picting rural life in the southern region of<br />
Çukurova. He gained international attention in 1957<br />
with the publication of his novel "Memed, My<br />
Hawk." (Turkish Daily News, May 6)<br />
Doctors prevented from<br />
giviIig medical reports<br />
Doctors working in the State of Emergency region<br />
. in the Southeast have been prevented from giving<br />
medical reports that document torture cases, the<br />
Turkish Medical Association (TMA) reported. A<br />
report on health services and health personnel's<br />
problems in the Southeast published recently by the<br />
association said that doctors were threatened and<br />
harassed in the region, where an ongoing conflict<br />
b<strong>et</strong>ween the Turkish security forces and outlawed<br />
Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) militants has<br />
claimed over 16,000 lives. According to the report a<br />
physician from Diyarbakir who requested to remain<br />
anonymous complained of not being able to practice<br />
according to the principles of his profession. He<br />
said that people who had been <strong>de</strong>tained by the<br />
,.<br />
"<br />
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17<br />
r<br />
.'<br />
security forces were brought to centers like the<br />
emergency service of the state hospital, where<br />
security is. very tight, and "the next morning he is<br />
brought before a judge and public prosecutor and<br />
his case is handled at the discr<strong>et</strong>ion of the person in<br />
charge there. Officials want a report stating that 'no<br />
blows have been ma<strong>de</strong> to the body' from the emergency<br />
service of the state hospital. If I say, 'Take off<br />
your clothes, I want to examine you' to the person<br />
coming from there, this is interpr<strong>et</strong>ed by the officials<br />
as taking the opposite si<strong>de</strong>. L<strong>et</strong>'s suppose that I<br />
confirm this and write a report, that report may<br />
immediately be torn up. I have experienced this.<br />
The official can ask, 'What are you writing doctor?'<br />
He might ask, 'Did you give him a report?', then, he<br />
can g<strong>et</strong> the report he wishes from other places," the<br />
physician ad<strong>de</strong>d. According to the Medical<br />
Association, some physicians in the region have<br />
been interrogated, arrested or even sentenced on<br />
grounds that they have treated "offen<strong>de</strong>rs" including<br />
"Dr. Abdullah Boleal, who was the only internal diseases<br />
specialist in Cizre, was beaten and exiled<br />
from the region on grounds that he had treated an<br />
offen<strong>de</strong>r. In Diyarbakir, Dr. Ilhan Diken was arrested<br />
and then sentenced because he helped treat an<br />
offen<strong>de</strong>r. He is still in Diyarbakir Prison. In Bitlis, Dr.<br />
Ersan Ta~cl was arrested, accused of providing<br />
medical aid to an offen<strong>de</strong>r and spent a long period<br />
in prison. Dr. Seyf<strong>et</strong>tin Klzllkan, the head physician<br />
of the Social Security <strong>Institut</strong>ion Hospital was interrogated<br />
several times and kept in <strong>de</strong>tention for two<br />
nights on allegations that he had treated an offen<strong>de</strong>r<br />
at his examination office." The Medical Association,<br />
saying that doctors should be able to practice their<br />
profession without any restriction, recalled the principles<br />
of medicine: "In accordance with all the international<br />
and national regulations and as required by<br />
the medical profession, physicians are obliged to<br />
save human life and offer their medical knowledge<br />
to people without consi<strong>de</strong>ring differences such as<br />
sex, race, nation, religion, political opinion, <strong>et</strong>c."<br />
(Turkish Daily News, May 18)<br />
Boyner testifies<br />
Cem Boyner, lea<strong>de</strong>r of the New Democracy<br />
Movement party (YDH), said on May 16 following a<br />
hearing at the Ankara top prosecutor's office that<br />
there was no difference b<strong>et</strong>ween bandits and state<br />
officials who break laws. Boyner was called by the<br />
prosecutors office to testify as part of an investigation<br />
launched before last week's religious holiday<br />
concerning a statement he ma<strong>de</strong> in a speech at a<br />
party me<strong>et</strong>ing in which he refers to government<br />
"banditry." After his half-hour testimony, Boyner,<br />
who was accompanied by several other YDH party<br />
members, told reporters that there cannot be any<br />
differentiation ma<strong>de</strong> b<strong>et</strong>ween officials who violate<br />
human rights and bandits.<br />
(Turkish Daily News, May 17)<br />
Union lea<strong>de</strong>r<br />
Ayçin goes to jail<br />
Atllay Ayçin, chairman of the Aviation Labor<br />
Union, entered Bayrampa~a Cezaevi prison on May<br />
16, the Anatolia news agency reported. He will start<br />
serving a one year and eight months prison sen-<br />
tence imposed on him after his conviction for "propagating<br />
separatism" in a speech he ma<strong>de</strong> at a me<strong>et</strong>ing<br />
of the Human Rights Association in 1991.<br />
(Turkish Daily News, May 17)<br />
Greece preparing to jail<br />
second <strong>et</strong>hnic Turkish mufti<br />
An elected local Muslim lea<strong>de</strong>r of Turkish origin in<br />
the Greek town of Gümülcine (Komotini) is likely to<br />
be sentenced to prison on the grounds that he is<br />
"illegally using the title of mufti," Turkish diplomatic<br />
sources said on May 16. Ibrahim $erif, who was<br />
elected as the Gümülcine mufti (local religious<br />
lea<strong>de</strong>r) by the Turkish minority in the area, was sentenced<br />
to an eight-month term in prison by a<br />
Gümülcine court in December. He appealed, and a<br />
higher court in the regional center of Selanik<br />
(Salonika) will now <strong>de</strong>ci<strong>de</strong> his case on May 24. The<br />
diplomatic sources said the court was likely to ratify<br />
$erif's sentence based on the prece<strong>de</strong>nt of a previous<br />
<strong>de</strong>cision against another Turkish mufti. Mehm<strong>et</strong><br />
Emin AQa, elected mufti in the Greek town of Iskece<br />
(Xanthia), was sentenced in January to 10 months<br />
in prison for the same reason. The diplomatic<br />
sources said the cases opened against the muftis<br />
were another example of Greek moves to intimidate<br />
the country's West Thracian Turkish minority, whose<br />
rights have been legally guaranteed in several bilateral<br />
and international agreements. The Athens government<br />
banned mufti elections in a 1990 <strong>de</strong>cree<br />
passed in violation of the 1923 Lausanne Treaty,<br />
which guaranteed the rights of the Turkish minority.<br />
The <strong>de</strong>cree also or<strong>de</strong>red Greek authorities to<br />
appoint local Muslim lea<strong>de</strong>rs. The law has prompted<br />
legal authorities in Western Thrace to sue elected<br />
muftis. (Turkish Daily News, May 17)<br />
'Missing' Hasan Ocak's mur<strong>de</strong>r<br />
provokes strong reactions<br />
The case of Hasan Ocak, who disappeared after<br />
his alleged <strong>de</strong>tention by police on March 21 and<br />
was discovered <strong>de</strong>ad in Istanbul on May. 16, has led<br />
to angry reactions from human rights groups. At a<br />
joint press conference held in Ankara on May 17,<br />
Akin Birdal, the chairman of the Human Rights<br />
Association (IHD), and Yavuz Önen, chairman of<br />
the Human Rights Foundation of Turkey (TIHV),<br />
said the "government was responsible for Ocak's<br />
mur<strong>de</strong>r. Onen also said Prime Minister Tansu Çiller<br />
was "the mur<strong>de</strong>rer of Hasan Ocak." "The prime minister<br />
has to find out who mur<strong>de</strong>red Hasan Ocak or<br />
she has to resign. We will not allow certain forces to<br />
turn Turkey into a country of unsolved mur<strong>de</strong>rs,"<br />
Önen ad<strong>de</strong>d. Birdal, who spoke on behalf of both<br />
the IHD and TIHV at the press conference, spoke of<br />
the effort ma<strong>de</strong> by human rights groups to find<br />
Hasan Ocak after his disappearance and the lack of<br />
results. "In 1994, a total of 327 people were reported<br />
missing to the IHD and unfortunately none of the<br />
prosecutors in this country take action to investigate<br />
the cases of missing people," Birdal said. "It is said<br />
that villagers found his body in the forest area of<br />
Istanbul-Beykoz and took him to the forensic medicine<br />
<strong>de</strong>partment, then he was buried in the<br />
Küçükçekmece paupers' cem<strong>et</strong>ery. The government<br />
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Turkish Probe May 19,1995<br />
has to launch an investigation and question those<br />
who found his corpse,those who carried out the<br />
autopsy and buried him in a very short time without<br />
conducting any checks," Birdal <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>d. The IHO<br />
chairman also pointed out that Hasan Ocak's case<br />
was very well known publicly and it was very hard to<br />
un<strong>de</strong>rstand the officials who <strong>de</strong>ci<strong>de</strong>d to bury someone<br />
without informing the public that a body had<br />
been found. He claimed that there was an organized<br />
group carrying out torture and mur<strong>de</strong>rs. Both the<br />
IHO and TIHV called on nongovernmental organizations<br />
to s<strong>et</strong> up a civil commission to investigate the<br />
Hasan Ocak case. They repeated their <strong>de</strong>mand for<br />
human rights now and invited everybody with any<br />
piece of information about those missing to testify.<br />
"We call on the government to disclose what has<br />
happened to those who have disappeared," they<br />
said, and for prosecutors to s<strong>et</strong> up investigations to<br />
find out who is responsible for people going missing.<br />
Hasan Ocak, 27, disappeared in Istanbul on March<br />
21 after calling his sister to say he would be home<br />
shortly. Nothing was heard from him after that.<br />
Although at least two people who were <strong>de</strong>tained at<br />
the Istanbul police <strong>de</strong>partment and later released<br />
testified that they had seen Hasan Ocak in the<br />
police center, officials <strong>de</strong>nied they had <strong>de</strong>tained<br />
Ocak. The campaign to shed light on Ocak's whereabouts<br />
brought no results, and finallyon May 16 his<br />
relatives i<strong>de</strong>ntified his body from a photograph in the<br />
police forensic medicine <strong>de</strong>partment. Sources said a<br />
nurse working in the <strong>de</strong>partment, who did not want<br />
to be i<strong>de</strong>ntified, called Ocak's family and informed<br />
them about the corpse. The family then went to<br />
check the photographs. It emerged that Ocak's body<br />
was found on March 26, five days after he disappeared,<br />
and he was buried on April 13 in Istanbul's<br />
Küçükçekmece district. The Beykoz district prosecutor<br />
also confirmed that the corpse was that of Hasan<br />
Ocak, that it had been found in Beykoz, and had<br />
remained at the forensic medicine <strong>de</strong>partment for 29<br />
days, then was buriedin Küçükçekmece cem<strong>et</strong>ery.<br />
The prosecutor's office said Ocak's family i<strong>de</strong>ntified<br />
him from photographs, that the body had been<br />
examined before it was buried, and a court or<strong>de</strong>r<br />
was necessary to exhume the body and carry out a<br />
second autopsy. With Hasan Ocak's mur<strong>de</strong>r the list<br />
of people who have disappeared in Turkey has been<br />
shortened but the list of unsolved killings has ..<br />
increased by one. Now, Ocak's family is waiting for.<br />
his grave to be reopened and for an autopsy to discover<br />
how and when he was killed.<br />
(Turkish Daily News, May 18)<br />
Altan charged for<br />
satire about Kurds<br />
A Turkish columnist who satirized the country's<br />
restrictions against Kurdish cultural and political<br />
rights has been charged with provoking racism,<br />
court officials said on April 17. Ahm<strong>et</strong> Altan, who ..<br />
was fired from his job at the daily Milliy<strong>et</strong> because of<br />
the column, was charged this week with Article 312<br />
of the penal co<strong>de</strong>, un<strong>de</strong>r which it is a crime to promote<br />
differences among people based on race, religion,<br />
class or region. He faces up to six years in<br />
prison if convicted. The use of Article 312 un<strong>de</strong>r-<br />
. scores the myriad laws which can be used to limit<br />
<strong>de</strong>bate, although Western attention recently has<br />
focused on Article 8 of the Anti-Terrorism Law, a<br />
catchall ruling which bans "separatist propaganda".<br />
Human rights officials say as pressure mounts on<br />
Turkey to lift Article 8, prosecutors are increasingly<br />
applying 312. Altan's column two months ago<br />
caused a furore because he imagined what the<br />
country would be like if Turkey's revered foun<strong>de</strong>r ..<br />
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk had been a Kurd instead of a<br />
Turk. Altan, who comes from a distinguished journalistic<br />
family, wrote that Turkey would be called<br />
"Kur<strong>de</strong>y," Turkish would be banned and Turk's.<br />
<strong>de</strong>fending their <strong>et</strong>hnicity would be jailed. The column •<br />
turned on its head the problems Turkey's Kurds<br />
face, from the burning of civilian villages in the .<br />
Southeast by soldiers fighting rebel Kurds to torture<br />
faced by <strong>de</strong>tainees and Turkey's attempts to forcibly<br />
assimilate Kurds.<br />
(Turkish Daily News, Reuters, May 18)<br />
Ankarawelcomes Juppe'sappointment as PM<br />
. . Turkish Daily News<br />
ANKARA- Turkey, which consi<strong>de</strong>rs France one of its<br />
, c~ef supporters in its ~fforts to realize a customs union<br />
With the European Umon, has welcomed the appointment<br />
of Alain Juppe. ' former foreign minister, as prime<br />
.minister by new Presi<strong>de</strong>nt Jacques Chirac.<br />
rurkish officials, <strong>de</strong>scribing Juppe as "an old friend,"<br />
pom~ o~~ ~at the French statesm
REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ~RIVISTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZETÏ<br />
Turkisb Daily News FRIDAY.MAYI9.1995 A2<br />
Lake: Further progress on customs<br />
union <strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nt on human rights<br />
A further indication of the impact of the customs union on business in<br />
Turkey is skyrock<strong>et</strong>ing rise in IMKB, EU representative<br />
says<br />
TurJash Uaily News<br />
1STANBUL-<br />
Even more important than<br />
technical measures now is the question of<br />
human rights in Turkey, said Ambassador<br />
Michael Lake who is the head of'the<br />
European .Commission' s (EC)<br />
Representation in Turkey.<br />
Speaking at a business forum organized<br />
by mtemational Business Services yester- .<br />
day at the. Hyatt Re~ency Istanbul, L~e<br />
ma<strong>de</strong> a pomt of stress10ghow apprehensive<br />
the EC member country representatives<br />
were at the last two Association Council<br />
me<strong>et</strong>ings about the human rights situation in<br />
Turkey. .<br />
Pointing out that they had appealed to<br />
Turkey to make improvements in this area,<br />
Lake emphasized the need to align Turkey's<br />
and the EC' uystems in guarantèeing fundamental<br />
rights for the individual which are<br />
taken for granted in the European Union<br />
(EU), but restricted for Turkish citizens. At<br />
the next me<strong>et</strong>ing of the European<br />
Parliament that body will approve or :eje~t<br />
Turkey's entry into a full customs uruon If<br />
its members, which represent all 15 EU<br />
member states.<br />
Approval will follow if a wi<strong>de</strong> range. of<br />
party blocs feel that Turkey and the Umon<br />
are on the same fundamental path. Lake<br />
then turned to the economic importance of<br />
the customs union, as Turkey has become<br />
the EU's tenth most important trading partner,<br />
with an overall balance of tra<strong>de</strong> over<br />
$20 billion.<br />
European ente~rises .accçunt for tW?-<br />
thirds of the foreign capital Investment 10<br />
Turkey, and Lake em,p.hasizedthat this will<br />
certainly rnlW larger if foreign investors see<br />
that protè;:tion of intellectual and industrial<br />
property policy, comp<strong>et</strong>ition policy and harmonized<br />
technical standards are being<br />
adhered to. At the same time he indicated<br />
that he wasn't sure that everyone in Turkey<br />
un<strong>de</strong>rstood in <strong>de</strong>tail the real <strong>de</strong>pth and<br />
breadth of the benefits which would accrue<br />
to everyone in the country.<br />
The ambassador chose to accentuate what<br />
was positive in the customs union for<br />
Turkey, emphasizing that no one should<br />
doubt the commitment to the compl<strong>et</strong>ion of<br />
the customs union and how it would lead<br />
"to a stronger, more prosperous and stable<br />
<strong>de</strong>mocracy in Turkey, a mo<strong>de</strong>l for the<br />
region as a whole." He also noted that there<br />
had been quite a lot of work going on<br />
behind the scenes and progress ma<strong>de</strong> in<br />
me<strong>et</strong>ings with committees and ministries<br />
that wasn't apparent to the public. While<br />
pointing out that Turkey had to adopt single<br />
mark<strong>et</strong> legislation in a number of areas in<br />
or<strong>de</strong>r to see that there was a level playing<br />
field, Lake didn't spare the EU from criticism.<br />
Financial cooperation, for example, will<br />
have to be resumed. such as what recently<br />
happened with the signing of a 15-year<br />
agreement with the European Investment<br />
Bank for 35 million ECUs to upgra<strong>de</strong> water<br />
and, sewage treatment in Antalya. "But<br />
much more is available un<strong>de</strong>r both the current<br />
and the new Mediterranean packages to<br />
be approved by the European Council- the<br />
biannual summit me<strong>et</strong>10g - this time at<br />
Cannes un<strong>de</strong>r the French Presi<strong>de</strong>ncy in<br />
June," Lake said.<br />
"This commitment should be seen in the<br />
context of the major effort being ma<strong>de</strong> by<br />
Turkey to adapt its economy to a more comp<strong>et</strong>itive<br />
environment," h~ continued. "And<br />
10 the months ahead the European Union<br />
will also be working to s<strong>et</strong> u~ the machinery<br />
for nmning the customs llruon. There are<br />
still outstanding issues to s<strong>et</strong>tle at the technicallevel<br />
on coal and steel, conditions for<br />
ending. self-restraint in textiles on the<br />
Turkish si<strong>de</strong> and on automobiles some technical<br />
measures nee<strong>de</strong>d to avoid the circumvention<br />
of our consensus with Japan."<br />
Bringing policy into line<br />
Turning to commercial policy, Lake outlined<br />
the various provisions and measures<br />
which would bring Turkey's in line with<br />
those of the EU. These inclu<strong>de</strong> common<br />
rules for imports and exJ>Orts,procedures for<br />
administering quanti~tlve quotas! o~cially<br />
supported export credits and textile ImportS<br />
un<strong>de</strong>r autonomous arrangements. Turkey<br />
also has to improve the effective protection<br />
of intellectual, industrial and commercial<br />
property rights so that the level of protection<br />
ISequivalent to that in the EC.<br />
Lake takes as an indicator of the implication<br />
which the customs union will have on<br />
Turkey the activity on the Istanbul Stock<br />
Exchange, where Investors received a 31<br />
.percent r<strong>et</strong>urn in dollar terms in the month<br />
following the signing of the customs union<br />
agreement. Although there have been<br />
rumors that this increase was due to speculative<br />
money, Lake believes that the record<br />
highs in trading value are significant<br />
because they refute such arguments. Textile'<br />
stocks played a crucial role in the rise in the<br />
in<strong>de</strong>x.<br />
Turning his attention to various sectors<br />
Lake gave <strong>de</strong>tailed information about th~<br />
textile industry and how enthusiastic it is<br />
about entering the customs union. Turkey<br />
has been the number one ready-lo-wear<br />
exporter to the EU since 1992, and the<br />
expofters are looking at a mark<strong>et</strong> which is<br />
expected to grow by 17-22 percent in 1996.<br />
The growth forecast for 2001 is nine percent.<br />
The automotive sector, on the other<br />
hand, has f~lt the most threatened by thë<br />
customs UnIon but all manufacturers in<br />
Turkeyare EU-Turkish joint ventures with<br />
the exception of Toyota. Other sectors consi<strong>de</strong>red<br />
were durable goods, cement and<br />
iron and steel.<br />
79
,. ..<br />
..v -.;1<br />
will become ul1lnanagable. ~<br />
, There should be more referenda<br />
:'\about key issues: The pulse of the<br />
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Demirel manifesto: We'll crush<br />
,<br />
PKK, resist<br />
,<br />
Il~<br />
efforts to divi<strong>de</strong> us .. andreformoursystem" i~<br />
Limit: Turks are normally soft-spoken and easy-going, but toùgh if limits are excee<strong>de</strong>d ffi<br />
Turkish Dtûly News Kurds, Demirel warned that t~is cove~ng Parts of three.coulltries," , He said that th~ Presi<strong>de</strong>nt and ;;<br />
At:'lKARA- A.ngere~ by the wouldcause a backlash of Turkish DemIrel saId, dlsplaymg a color members of ParlIament, as the trl<br />
reactIOnboth to hIS w~mg about nationalism and ren<strong>de</strong>r the country map of greater "Kurdistan." "No , elected representatives of the pea- :S<br />
Western .attempts to dlVld~Turkey unmanageable. "These people do one has a right to put Turkey on the' pIe, had taken an oath to protect the ~<br />
and to hIS call to.put keY..lssues to not want bread. or food, ~?re ~argaining table. ~v~ryone, living mdivis!ble unity of the country and ti:l<br />
refe~enda! PreSI<strong>de</strong>nt SuleYfll;an <strong>de</strong>mocracy, or theIr o,wnteleVISion. III Turkey or not, lIkmg Turkey or the nallon. ~ trl<br />
DemIrel saId Turkey ~ad no opt!on They want land, they want a flag not, should know this very well," ~ ~<br />
,but to crush the KurdIsh separatIsts and they want a separate state - . Demirel said. See "DEMtREL" on page A8 0 trl<br />
:without <strong>de</strong>lay, not to allow the ' Ç< â<br />
West to divi<strong>de</strong> it, and to reform its ~ ~<br />
state structure thoroughly to leave ~ '<br />
.the Turkish Daily News editors in ::0 ~<br />
,an ~xclusive interview,.Demirel ,,~ ~<br />
clan~ed the reaso~s for his contro- ,":':':';l~ Don't go lor a dialogue or political <<br />
,vemal accusations t.ha~ the 'l3' ) solution with the separatists. " c;;<br />
Western powers were aImIng to , ,'Otherwise you will cause a backlasn ..,<br />
'revive the <strong>de</strong>funct treaty of Sevres of Turkish nationalism and the country ;><br />
-which partitioned Ottoman<br />
Turkey at the end of the First<br />
World War - through pressures<br />
fOi a "political solution to the<br />
Kurdish question." ,<br />
The Presi<strong>de</strong>nt said he was worried<br />
that Turkey w'as heading<br />
,towards (<strong>et</strong>hnic) polarization, not-<br />
'ing that if the separatist rebels of<br />
the Kurdistan Workers' Party<br />
(PKK) were not ren<strong>de</strong>red ineffective<br />
militarily this yèar, Turkey<br />
would face increased difficulties at<br />
home and abroad. ,<br />
Addressing himself to the foreign<br />
and domestic proponents of a<br />
dialogue with the PKK and minori-<br />
, ty ,rights to Turkey's 12 million<br />
J, , "Th':!re is no need for d: to {s:'!1guilty. On the matter of terrorism .<br />
we are totally right..<br />
TON Ali Fu.,' \llay<br />
". ..,. The West sh~uldnot advance impos-<br />
:"'4.'j sible conditions that divi<strong>de</strong> TUrkey.' in<br />
"', ) r<strong>et</strong>um for a reserved seat for TUr1
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRÊSS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RMSTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
''Even without this oath, is it not a duty for everyone who<br />
is eating the bread, drinking the water and breathing the air<br />
of this country (to protect it)? I am calling on everyone to do<br />
their duty," Demirel said.<br />
In the interview, Demirel focused chiefly on Western<br />
attempts to impose a political solution, and saId that as they<br />
did WIththe Sevres, the Western states now seemed to want<br />
"east of the river Euphrates" for a Kurdish homeland.<br />
He pointed at the unrestricted activities of the ERNK (the<br />
PKK's pliticalwing) across Europe, the N<strong>et</strong>herlands' permission<br />
for a Kurdish "parliament-m-exile", the British-su~<br />
plied license and the French-provi<strong>de</strong>d channel for a Kurdish<br />
TV as the evi<strong>de</strong>ncé of the European sUPlX?rto the PKK.<br />
These, Demirel said, were tireaches of Western commitments<br />
as the members of the Euro~ Union, as members<br />
of NATO and other <strong>de</strong>mocratic <strong>Institut</strong>ions, "to support<br />
those fightingwith terrorism and not the terrorists themselves."<br />
"There is no need for us to feel ~ilty. On the matter of<br />
terrorism we are totally right," he saId.<br />
Demirel said Turkey and Europe nee<strong>de</strong>d each other, but it<br />
should not be forgotten that "reserving a seat for Turkey<br />
among European nations cannot be tied to conditions that<br />
create insurmountable problems Turkey has to cope with."<br />
He warned that, "the Turkish people had a <strong>de</strong>veloped<br />
common sense and while normally soft-spoken and easygoing,<br />
theJ could become very tough if certain limits were<br />
excee<strong>de</strong>d. Demirel asked for un<strong>de</strong>rstanding from Turkey's<br />
European friends about the difficulties it has encountered in<br />
its <strong>de</strong>mocratic experience, and said Turkey still had some<br />
distance to cover to perfect its <strong>de</strong>mocracy.<br />
For that, he said the "nation's pulse should be taken"<br />
whenever there is a need for imJX>rtant<strong>de</strong>cisions.<br />
Secondly, he called for the direct popular election of presi<strong>de</strong>nts.<br />
He said presi<strong>de</strong>nts should also be able"to schedule new<br />
elections - by dissolving the parliament.<br />
The state should be subjected to thorough-going reform<br />
and there should be more frequent recourse to the institution<br />
of referendum, Demirel said.<br />
Imprisoned Kurd<br />
lashes out at his<br />
British jailers<br />
Turldsh Daily N~s<br />
ANKARA- Kani YIlmaz, a spokesman<br />
for the outlawed Kurdistan Workers'<br />
Party (PKK) in <strong>de</strong>tention and standing<br />
trial in London, has accused Britain of<br />
imprisoning him to gain favor with<br />
Tuitey. .<br />
"The <strong>de</strong>cision of the Home Office ...<br />
suppo~ the powers in Turkey' who are<br />
~<strong>et</strong>ermmed to turn our country mto a livmg<br />
hell on earth," Yùmaz said in a statement<br />
released by the Brussels-based<br />
Kurdistan Committee on Saturday.<br />
''The treatment that I have been subjected<br />
to can only be construed as a move<br />
~ainst"the. Kurdish people's stf!Iggle for<br />
liberty, SaId YIlmai, who, onhiS way to<br />
me<strong>et</strong> British parliamentarians, was<br />
<strong>de</strong>tained last October and charged with<br />
illegal entry.<br />
yIlmaz, who is also bein~ sought by<br />
Germany, dismissed Bonn s move to<br />
have hini extradited as an attempt to placate<br />
Turkey and said there was no evi<strong>de</strong>nce<br />
l.i.nkfughim to the alleged actions<br />
of ~onspiracy to commit arson of which<br />
he ISaccused.<br />
Yllmaz, who has refugee status in<br />
Germany, had entered Britain four times<br />
~viously.<br />
Deportation proceedings were" halted<br />
when Germany requested his extradition.<br />
Although the PKK is banned in<br />
Germany, It is not banned in Britain.<br />
US <strong>de</strong>legation to visit Ankara<br />
'Turkey and Arme~ia are two<br />
neighbors who will have to<br />
live in the same region. We<br />
hope that they will open their<br />
bor<strong>de</strong>rs to each other and<br />
normalize relations.'<br />
Turkish Daily N~s<br />
ANKARA- A hi~h-Ievel <strong>de</strong>legation from the<br />
United States will arrive in Turkey at the end of the<br />
month to take up a number of issues including the<br />
future of an allied force stationed in Turkey,<br />
according to a rep()rt on Sunday by the Anatoha<br />
news agency from Washington.<br />
The agency reported that the <strong>de</strong>legation would<br />
be hea<strong>de</strong>d by Mark Parris, Near East Adviser to the<br />
National Security Council. Members of the State<br />
Department will also be in the <strong>de</strong>legation. The visit<br />
taICes placefollowing a suggestion by Prime<br />
Minister, Tansu Çil1er, to US Presi<strong>de</strong>nt, Bill<br />
Clinton, that the shape of Operation Poised<br />
Hammer - the popular name for an allied coalition<br />
force based In Turkey to maintain the no-fly<br />
zone over northern Iraq - must be changed.<br />
Although Washington has said they would assess<br />
any proposaI from Turkey, diplomatic sources say<br />
Ankara has ma4e no concr<strong>et</strong>e proposal y<strong>et</strong>. The<br />
extension of the mandate of the foree - reviewed<br />
every six months" - has to be approved by the<br />
Turkish Parliament at the end of June.<br />
Extending the mandate poses a problem each<br />
time because many Turks believe that the foree is<br />
instrumental in <strong>de</strong> facto partitioning of Iraq and<br />
establishing a Kurdish region in the north.<br />
Moreover, the stationing of the outlawed Kurdistan<br />
Workers' Party (PKK) mNorthern Iraq also makes<br />
Turks distrust the foree.<br />
In a related <strong>de</strong>velopment, an unnamed US<br />
source, quoted by Anatolia, said that Washington<br />
hoped Turkey would also allow the use of its terrilOry<br />
for transfer of aid to Armenia. Reversing a<br />
two-year blocka<strong>de</strong>, Ankara has just opened its airspace<br />
to planes to and from Armema, making it<br />
pos~ible for aid via air to this country, which is<br />
Involved in conflict with Azerbaijan over the<br />
enclave of Nagorno-Karabakh. .<br />
"Turkey and Armenia are two neighbors, who<br />
will have to live in the same region. We hope that<br />
they will open their bor<strong>de</strong>rs to each other and normze<br />
relations," the source said.<br />
81
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVÔKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA'STÂ:MPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETÎ<br />
If there.is a Parliament that cannot function then you have to find one<br />
.that does. This is not som<strong>et</strong>hing that can happen in a day. Turkey can<br />
go for, new elections and find a Parliament that functions. But do not<br />
think this is a matter for just one day.<br />
TON Ali Fu •• Ulay<br />
In the second part othis interview withthe Turkish Daily News,<br />
Presi<strong>de</strong>nt Demirel continued to touch on Turkey' s Kurdish problem<br />
and expressed doubt about the argument that granting cultural rights<br />
would reduce separatiStKurdish terrorism. ' , '<br />
While apparently closing the door to any reformist changes concerning<br />
the Kurdish issue, Demirelnevertheless conce<strong>de</strong>d<br />
that there were socialproblems, such as the<br />
pli~ht of displaced persons In southeast Anatolia,<br />
which nee<strong>de</strong>d urgent attention,<br />
Demirel said he was aware of this and indicated<br />
that h~ has initiated moves to try and alleviate the<br />
suffenngof persons affected by the fight against<br />
terrorism in the region. Demirel went on to indicate<br />
that the manner in which the "freedom of<br />
expression" <strong>de</strong>b~te was unfolding in Turkey today<br />
~howeQ,thatanimpasse had been reached on. this<br />
Issue.<br />
He expressed his hope that this issue would in<br />
the end be resolved within the framework of<br />
Turkey's <strong>de</strong>mocratic system and said in this con-'<br />
text that the common people of the country would<br />
b~ the best referee jn this respect in the final analy-<br />
SIS.<br />
While pointing in the direction of il referendum'<br />
on this issue, Demirel also expressed his serious<br />
doubt that the Tùrkish public would, as matters<br />
:stood today, endorse a notion of freedom of<br />
expression which allowed anyone to engage in the<br />
-dissemination of separat~sti<strong>de</strong>as.<br />
_<br />
. 'Yhile <strong>de</strong>claring that he hims.elf did. not place -<br />
lirruts on the freedom of expreSSIon,Demirel nevertheless<br />
appeared to -be doing precisely this with<br />
his exhortations that the security forces engaged in<br />
combatting terrorism should not be "<strong>de</strong>moralized"-<br />
in their effort. -<br />
, Turkish Daily News _ __ Demirel also said thatoverall pessimism was not<br />
ANKARA- Presi<strong>de</strong>nt Süleyman Demirel has said that ,":hil~ ~e -justified vis-a-vis Turkey and pointed to the<br />
himself did not put any restrictIOnson the freedom of expressIOn It IS regions outsi<strong>de</strong> of the Southeast, where he said all<br />
'Turks would refuse the<br />
promotion of separatism'<br />
his belief that the majority of Turks would.be opposed to the full exer-the basic economic indicators pointed to positive<br />
cise of this freedom if it meant that separatIsm could be openly promot- <strong>de</strong>velopments. _<br />
ed.<br />
Iraqi ambassador: Misun<strong>de</strong>rstandings. in ties<br />
ironedout; Baghdad wants strong relations<br />
Me<strong>et</strong>iDg: Iraqi ambassador<br />
has breakfast with Demirel, ,<br />
conveys.saddam's message<br />
Arrival: PUK <strong>de</strong>legation<br />
arriving for top-level talks<br />
By hnur Çevik<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
ANKARA- Iragi Ainbassador Rafi<br />
Dahham Mijwel el-Tikriti said an atmosphere<br />
of misun<strong>de</strong>rstanding has recently affected<br />
relations b<strong>et</strong>ween Turkey and Iraq but ad<strong>de</strong>d<br />
that these misun<strong>de</strong>rstandings have been<br />
ironed out and stressed the Saddam Hussein<br />
- administration in Baghdad is <strong>de</strong>te~ned to'<br />
forge the "best possible relations with<br />
Turkey." ,<br />
The ambassador, speaking to the Turkish<br />
Daily News in a special interview Monday,<br />
said rumors that Iraq does not trust Ankara<br />
any more and does not want to export its oil<br />
through Turkeyare wrong and stressed that _<br />
"the pipeline built by the lea<strong>de</strong>rships of the<br />
two countries serves the interests of both<br />
countries and is a symbol of peace andcooperation.<br />
Any'one who befieves that we<br />
(Baghdad) WIll change this policy is wrong<br />
and we would like to stress that we have no<br />
suspicions about Turkey's intentions regardinglfaq."<br />
,<br />
. The ambassador said he was authorized by<br />
Presi<strong>de</strong>nt Saddam H~ssein and the Iraqi lea<strong>de</strong>rship<br />
to convey this message to the Turkish '<br />
people. -<br />
The ambassador reportedly had a breakfast<br />
me<strong>et</strong>ing with Presid~nt Süleyman Demirel<br />
recently after 'r<strong>et</strong>urnmg from Baghdad and<br />
also conveyed a message from Saddam<br />
Hussein to the. Turkish head of state on the<br />
relations b<strong>et</strong>ween the: two countries.<br />
Ambassador el-Tikriti said those who spread<br />
rumors about th~ oil pipeline are only trying<br />
to obstruct ties b<strong>et</strong>ween Ankara and<br />
Baghdad.<br />
The ambassador said Iraq has alternate<br />
ej{port routes for its oil but stressed "the<br />
Iraqi-Turkish pipeline" remains our main line<br />
:"'...l<br />
82
REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ~RNISTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASlN ÖZETi<br />
for cru<strong>de</strong> exports.<br />
The ambassador said iraq was compl<strong>et</strong>ely opposed to<br />
U.N. Securi~ Council Resofution 986, which gave it limited<br />
permissIOn to export oil, saying the resolution did not<br />
allow Baghdad the freedom to use its money as well as<br />
export oil jn any way it pleased. "But our targ<strong>et</strong> was not<br />
Turkey," lie stressed.<br />
He said Iraq had conveyed to Turkey that it wants to<br />
enhance its ties with Ankara without any future interference.<br />
"We have some problems b<strong>et</strong>ween Turkey and Iraq<br />
but we can sort them out ourselves. We want to talk wiili<br />
Turkey as friends, brothers and good neighbors."<br />
He said friends can always exchange complairits, but<br />
this should not cast a shadow on ties.<br />
The ambassador said the fight b<strong>et</strong>ween rival Kurdish<br />
groups in northern Iraq has hurt stability in the area. He<br />
said 1raq fears the rrre in northern Iraq could spill into<br />
Turkey.<br />
He said the iraqi Kurds have shownthey cannot run the<br />
area and claimed' "they su,pport the PKK (the outlawed<br />
Kurdistan Workers', Party).<br />
He charged that the Kurdish Democracy Party (KDP)<br />
of Massoud Barzani had given refuge to PKK terrorists<br />
when Turkey launched its recent incursion into northern<br />
Iraq in March. He said PKK militants fleeing from<br />
Turkish forces had been ~iven new clothing by the KDP<br />
people and had melted lOto the Iraqi Kurdish villages<br />
which support the KDP.<br />
In<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nt Iraqi Kurdish sources contacted in Europe<br />
conrmned the PKK-KDP link during the Turkish military<br />
action.<br />
They said the Kurds were annoyed with the Turkish<br />
presence in the area and had thus given shelter to the PKK<br />
groups. The Iraqi ambassador said the Iraqi government<br />
had anned and financed the Kurdish groups in the past in<br />
a plan similar to the village guard system in Turkey. He<br />
smd in the end these Kurdish groups rebelled and joined<br />
Banani and Jalal Talabani's Patriotic Union of Kurdistan<br />
(PUK). "Now they will do the same to Turkey," he<br />
warned.<br />
Meanwhile, the TON learned that a high-powered PUK<br />
<strong>de</strong>legation will arrive in Ankara today to start talks with<br />
Turkish officials on how to provi<strong>de</strong> security in the bor<strong>de</strong>r<br />
areas and tame the PKK groups which threaten Turkey.<br />
-.<br />
Libération Champagne - 22 mai 1995<br />
Communiqué <strong>de</strong> la Ligue<br />
<strong>de</strong>s Droits <strong>de</strong> l'Homme (L.D.H.)<br />
Réflexion<br />
sur la question kur<strong>de</strong><br />
Du point <strong>de</strong> vue <strong>de</strong>s militants<br />
<strong>de</strong>s Droits <strong>de</strong> l'Homme. la tragé-<br />
,die kur<strong>de</strong> a commencé réellement<br />
avec la signature du<br />
« Traité <strong>de</strong> Lausanne », le 24 juill<strong>et</strong><br />
1923,<br />
Ce traité constttue l'acte du<br />
partage en 4 du Kurdistan,<br />
Les quatre pays concernés directement<br />
par la question kur<strong>de</strong>,<br />
sont: la Turquie, l'Iran, l'Irak, <strong>et</strong><br />
la Syrie.<br />
Dans le passé, le peuple kur<strong>de</strong><br />
a payé assez.cher, le prix <strong>de</strong> plusieors<br />
handicaps majeurs.<br />
1) La richesse pétrolière du Kurdistan,<br />
2) les choix stratégiques du gouvernement<br />
d'Ankara, <strong>et</strong> son<br />
appartenance à l'Alliance<br />
atlantique, (15 <strong>de</strong>s 25 millions<br />
<strong>de</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong>s dans le mon<strong>de</strong>, vivent<br />
au Kurdistan <strong>de</strong> la Turquie),<br />
3) le soutien inconditionnel <strong>de</strong><br />
l'Occi<strong>de</strong>nt au Chah d'Iran,<br />
4) les conflits régionaux .dont le<br />
peuple kur<strong>de</strong> a souvent fait<br />
les frais,<br />
Aujourd'hui, la question kur<strong>de</strong><br />
n'est plus celle <strong>de</strong> 1923 ou <strong>de</strong><br />
1945, La conscience politique <strong>et</strong><br />
culturelle kur<strong>de</strong>, fait son ch~min<br />
avec <strong>de</strong>s figures d'avenir. Plusieurs<br />
facteurs interviennent en<br />
faveur <strong>de</strong> ce changement. La formation<br />
élargie <strong>de</strong> l'Intelligentsia<br />
kur<strong>de</strong> en <strong>de</strong>hors <strong>de</strong>s structures<br />
traditionnelles, La présence d'une<br />
diaspora représentative du Kurdistan,<br />
avec son soutien économique<br />
<strong>et</strong> la place <strong>de</strong> plus en plus<br />
importante <strong>de</strong>s citadins dans la<br />
mouvance politique <strong>et</strong> associative.<br />
La Ligue <strong>de</strong>s Droits <strong>de</strong><br />
l'Homme dénonce <strong>de</strong>puis <strong>de</strong>s années<br />
les graves violations <strong>de</strong>s<br />
Droits <strong>de</strong> l'Homme perpétrés<br />
dans la région kur<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Turquie,<br />
La LD.H. constate aussi l'aggravation<br />
<strong>de</strong> la répression<br />
commise à l'encontre <strong>de</strong>s militants<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'Association turque <strong>de</strong>s<br />
Droits <strong>de</strong> l'Homme ; <strong>et</strong> les violations<br />
systématiques <strong>de</strong>s normes<br />
internationales,<br />
En fait, <strong>de</strong>rrière l'apparence <strong>de</strong><br />
la démocratie, une dictature <strong>de</strong><br />
fait s'installe en Turquie, Si la tâche<br />
<strong>de</strong>s militants <strong>de</strong>s Droits <strong>de</strong><br />
l'Homme est aussi <strong>de</strong> prévenir, il<br />
est aussi <strong>de</strong> notre <strong>de</strong>voir, d'encourager<br />
toute réflexion créative,<br />
qui prendra en compte les droits<br />
légitimes du peuple kur<strong>de</strong>.<br />
Dans c<strong>et</strong>te optique la LD.H.<br />
s'associe avec le M.P.A.P., Amnisty<br />
international. la F,O.L <strong>et</strong> le<br />
Secours populaire à une information<br />
solidarité pour le peuple<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>.<br />
La LD.H. vous invite à découvrir<br />
mardi 23 mai. à l'Espace Cité<br />
à Troyes, l'i<strong>de</strong>ntité kur<strong>de</strong>; dès<br />
14 h. à travers une exposition,<br />
son folklore, différents films. Et. à<br />
participer, à 20 h, à la conférence-débat<br />
avec <strong>de</strong>s perSonnalités<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>s. . v<br />
Entrée gratuite.<br />
83
-.....<br />
La Voix du Nord -'23 mai 1995<br />
Traditions.<br />
Musique kur<strong>de</strong> 'd~lranl;:.<br />
Huitfrères <strong>et</strong> sœur,;plus<br />
le.p<strong>et</strong>it,neveu,. forment<br />
un groupe' unique. <strong>de</strong>.;<br />
musiciens:~professlon~.<br />
nels ;:':1'ensemble'.Kam~<br />
kar. Célèbre erdrao;: c<strong>et</strong>l<br />
ensemble est surtout<br />
l'ambassa<strong>de</strong>ur du peuple<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>, <strong>et</strong> maintient,.<br />
grâce à la musique <strong>et</strong> la<br />
poésie,; l'i<strong>de</strong>ntité _~thnJque.<br />
<strong>et</strong>culturelle;tMals<br />
les Kamkar"sont-égalßment<br />
passés maîtres<br />
dans l'inte!"PJé.t~9!JlQ~<br />
la musique persane,<br />
avec"laqlielle..l'art,k9t<strong>de</strong><br />
possè'déJ.'<strong>de</strong> :grà'i1d~af~<br />
finités. Concert <strong>de</strong> l'association<br />
"Attacafa" ce<br />
mardi 23f..à20h30~-;:sall~<br />
<strong>de</strong> la Marbrerie;:r;tiè~<strong>de</strong><br />
la Marbreriê (FiVes~;Entrée<br />
: 80F..R.éservations<br />
: Fnac. '.-<br />
LE FIGARO - 24 mai 1995<br />
TURQUIE<br />
LePKK<br />
prêt à une trêve<br />
a Le chef du PKK (Parti <strong>de</strong>s<br />
tr.availleurs du Klûdistan) Abdullah<br />
Ocalan (photo AFP) s'est<br />
dit prêt, hier, à un cessez-le-feu<br />
" si les Turcs sont prêts à une<br />
solution pacifique n. Près <strong>de</strong><br />
15 000 personnes ont été tuées<br />
en Turquie dans les violences<br />
séparatistes <strong>de</strong>puis que le PKK<br />
a lancé son insurrection en<br />
1984 pour obtenir la création<br />
d'un Etat indépendant dans le<br />
Sud-Est.<br />
Libération - 23 mai 1995<br />
Des milliers <strong>de</strong> villages kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
ont, <strong>de</strong>puis <strong>de</strong>s années, été rasés;<br />
plusieurs villes <strong>et</strong> bourga<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong><br />
montagne sévèrement bombardées<br />
<strong>et</strong> dépeuplées.<br />
Cinq à six millions <strong>de</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong>s ont<br />
ainsi été contraints <strong>de</strong> quitter leurs<br />
. terres <strong>et</strong> ont émigré vers les gran<strong>de</strong>s<br />
métropoles turques <strong>de</strong> l'Ouest,<br />
où pour la plupart, ils vivent dans la<br />
misère. Ceux qui n'ont pas eu les<br />
moyens <strong>de</strong> partir peuplent les faubourgs<br />
miséreux. En moins <strong>de</strong><br />
<strong>de</strong>ux ans, la ville <strong>de</strong> Oiyarbakis a<br />
vu sa population tripler,passant à<br />
un million <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>mi d'habitants, selon<br />
un processus qui n'est pas sans<br />
rappeler l'expérience récente du<br />
Kurdistan irakien, où, à la suite <strong>de</strong><br />
la .<strong>de</strong>struction <strong>de</strong>s villages par les<br />
troupes <strong>de</strong> Saddam tfussein, les<br />
paysans déracinés ont été soit inlemés<br />
dans <strong>de</strong>s camps, soit chassés<br />
vers <strong>de</strong> gran<strong>de</strong>s villes ...<br />
En décembre 1994, la cour <strong>de</strong><br />
sOr<strong>et</strong>é. <strong>de</strong> l'Etat en Turquie a<br />
condamné cinq députés kur<strong>de</strong>s à<br />
10 ans <strong>de</strong> prison. leur seul délit<br />
consistant à !lffirmer leur i<strong>de</strong>ntité<br />
Peuple kur<strong>de</strong><br />
Information solidarité<br />
Mardi 23 mal Espace Cité<br />
. ,<br />
kur<strong>de</strong> - leyla Zana, première<br />
. femme kur<strong>de</strong> élue député ayant<br />
oser prononcer en Kur<strong>de</strong> une<br />
phrase sur .. la fraternité <strong>de</strong>s peuples<br />
ture <strong>et</strong> kur<strong>de</strong>».<br />
les Kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>nt simplement<br />
à vivre comme <strong>de</strong>s êtres hu"<br />
mains, dans le respect <strong>de</strong> leur dignité,<br />
<strong>de</strong> leur parsonnalité, <strong>de</strong> leur.<br />
i<strong>de</strong>ntité.<br />
le parlement en exil du Kurdistan<br />
a été fondé à la Haye aux<br />
Pays-Bas, le 25 avril 1995 en présence<br />
<strong>de</strong> personnalités <strong>de</strong> toute<br />
l'Europe.<br />
le MRAP, la lDH, la FOL, le<br />
Secours Populaire, vous Invitent<br />
:<br />
• à découvrir le mardi 23 mai à<br />
l'Espace Cité, l'I<strong>de</strong>ntité kur<strong>de</strong>, à.<br />
partir <strong>de</strong> 14 h, à travers une ex":<br />
position, son folklore, <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s<br />
films, .<br />
• à participer à partir <strong>de</strong> 20 h .à<br />
une conférence-débat avec un.<br />
parlementaire kur<strong>de</strong>, <strong>de</strong>s person-<br />
.nl~lités kur<strong>de</strong>s, <strong>de</strong>s témoins<br />
.~antGl!l/'tÎcipé à un voyage. en<br />
Tur~ . Je 20 mars <strong>de</strong>mier ".<br />
, -<br />
EST ECLAR - 23 MAIl 995<br />
.peüplè kur<strong>de</strong><br />
Information solidarité<br />
mardi 23 mai<br />
Espace Cité .<br />
Des milliers <strong>de</strong> villages kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
ont, <strong>de</strong>puis <strong>de</strong>s anriées, été rasés;<br />
plusieurs villes <strong>et</strong> boUrga<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong><br />
montagne sévère,nent bombardées'<br />
<strong>et</strong> dépeuplées. Cinq à six millions <strong>de</strong><br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>s ont ainsi été contrainls <strong>de</strong><br />
quitter leurs terres <strong>et</strong> ont émigré:<br />
Vers les gran<strong>de</strong>s métropoles turques:<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'ouest, où pour la plupart, ils<br />
Vivent dans la misè~e.<br />
•. le MRAP, la lOH, la FOL,' le'<br />
Secours Populaire vous invitent à<br />
découvrir le mardi 23 mai à l'espace'<br />
Cité, l'i<strong>de</strong>ntité kur<strong>de</strong> à partir <strong>de</strong> 14 h<br />
il .travers 'uneexposition, son folklore<br />
<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s films.<br />
. A participer à partir <strong>de</strong> 20 h à une<br />
conférence-débat avec un parle~<br />
.mentaire kur<strong>de</strong>, <strong>de</strong>s personnalités<br />
,kur<strong>de</strong>s, <strong>de</strong>s témoins ayant participf.<br />
'à un voyage en Turquie le 20 mart.<br />
<strong>de</strong>mier.<br />
84
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETÎ<br />
EST ECLAR - 24-25 MAI 1995<br />
Hier à Troyes<br />
Une iournée Illnfôrmation-Solidarité"<br />
. avec le peuple kur<strong>de</strong><br />
La r.sistanee kur<strong>de</strong>: une guerre où les femmes sont partie prenante<br />
Le MRAP (Mouvement contre<br />
le Racisme <strong>et</strong> pour l'Amitié entre<br />
les Peuples), la Ligue <strong>de</strong>s Droits<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'Homme, la Fédération <strong>de</strong>s<br />
Oeuvres Laïques <strong>et</strong> le Secours<br />
populaire organisaient hier une<br />
journée "Information solidarité"<br />
avec le peuple kur<strong>de</strong>.<br />
Car c'est bien d'un peuple<br />
qu'il s'agit <strong>et</strong> non pas d'une<br />
"minorité <strong>et</strong>hnique" comme<br />
l'affirment les gouvernements<br />
<strong>de</strong>s pays dans lesquels les<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>s sont violemment opprimés<br />
<strong>de</strong>puis soixante-dix ans.<br />
Certes, ce peuple dont le berceau<br />
se situe dans l'ancienne<br />
Mésopotamie, entre les bras du<br />
Tigre <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> l'Euphrate est l'un<br />
<strong>de</strong>s plus anciens du mon<strong>de</strong>;<br />
pourtant l'histoire du XX. siècle<br />
tend à l'éliminer. Déportation,<br />
génoci<strong>de</strong>, guerres, exil, interdiction<br />
<strong>de</strong> pratiquer la langue tend<br />
à annihiler la résistance kur<strong>de</strong> <strong>et</strong><br />
à briser l'affirmation <strong>de</strong> leur<br />
i<strong>de</strong>ntité.<br />
Ecartelé <strong>de</strong>puis l'éclatement<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'Empire ottoman entre la<br />
Twrquie, l'Iran, l'Irak, la Syrie <strong>et</strong><br />
I~ex-URSS, le peuple kur<strong>de</strong><br />
résiSte aux assimilations forcée.<br />
C'~ c<strong>et</strong>te résistance, notamment<br />
ce/le organisée en Turquie<br />
autour~u PKK <strong>de</strong>puis 1983, qui<br />
it, J:\rov6qué une répression <strong>de</strong><br />
phiS en plus violente ces <strong>de</strong>r-<br />
..piWes années <strong>et</strong> toutparticulièrement<br />
ces <strong>de</strong>rniers mois, infligeant<br />
à la population civile un<br />
traitement digne <strong>de</strong> celui opéré<br />
par Mustapha Kémal: déportation<br />
<strong>de</strong> population, villages<br />
rasés, tortures, emprisonnement<br />
abusifs, enlèvements,<br />
paupérisme organisé dans l'ensemble<br />
du Kurdistan turc ...<br />
Folklore<br />
<strong>et</strong> conférence-débBt<br />
L'exposition présentée à<br />
l'Espace Cité montrait avec <strong>de</strong><br />
superbes photos quelques<br />
caractéristiques <strong>de</strong> la culture<br />
kur<strong>de</strong> mais surtout, elle m<strong>et</strong>tait<br />
l'accent sur les drames qui se<br />
sont déroulés dans c<strong>et</strong>te région<br />
orientale <strong>de</strong> la Turquie, pratiquement<br />
en état <strong>de</strong> siège <strong>de</strong>puis<br />
<strong>de</strong>s années <strong>et</strong> où la terreur<br />
imposée par l'armée s'est intensifiée<br />
<strong>de</strong>puis 1994 <strong>et</strong> tout particulièrement<br />
ces <strong>de</strong>rniers mois.<br />
Mille trois cents villages ont<br />
été à nouveaux rasés... Des<br />
populations à nouveaux déportées,<br />
emprisonnées ... jusqu'aux<br />
six députés condamnés à quinze<br />
ans, dans un pays qui fait le forcing<br />
pour entrer dans la<br />
Communauté européenne, qui<br />
utilise <strong>de</strong>s armes alleman<strong>de</strong>s <strong>et</strong><br />
françaises <strong>et</strong> traquent, sans<br />
égard pour les populations<br />
civiles, les résistal'\tS du PKK<br />
réfugiés dans les montagnes du<br />
nord <strong>de</strong> "Irak, avec "accörd tacite,<br />
voire explicite, <strong>de</strong>s nations<br />
occi<strong>de</strong>ntales <strong>et</strong> notamment <strong>de</strong>s<br />
USA. Les photos étaient accompagnées<br />
<strong>de</strong> larges extraits du<br />
livre <strong>de</strong> Medhi Zana, ancien<br />
maire <strong>de</strong> Dyarbakir, intitulé<br />
"Prison n° 5; onze ans dans les<br />
geôles turques" <strong>et</strong> paru en<br />
février <strong>de</strong>rnier.<br />
Dans la soirée, l'exposit!on<br />
<strong>de</strong>vait s'animer <strong>de</strong> films, <strong>de</strong><br />
danses folkloriques ainsi que<br />
d'une conférence-débat à<br />
laquelle participaient Pitros<br />
Karatay, député du Parlement<br />
kur<strong>de</strong> en exil qui s'est constitué<br />
en avril <strong>de</strong>rnier à La Haye, Kilic<br />
Semsi, coordinatrice du Bureau<br />
d'Information du Kurdistan,<br />
d'une <strong>de</strong>s photographes dont<br />
les clichés sont reproduits dans<br />
l'exposition réalisée par le<br />
Centre d'Information du<br />
Kurdistan. "Que les Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
nous expriment ce qu'ils atten<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
<strong>de</strong> nous. Comment en tant<br />
que citoyens, nous pouvons les<br />
ai<strong>de</strong>r à trouver une solution à<br />
leur drame <strong>et</strong> savoir mieux ce<br />
qu'ils attend,ent Bussi <strong>de</strong> nos<br />
gouvernements, c'est l'objectif<br />
<strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong>te conférence", soulignait<br />
Anna Zajac, prési<strong>de</strong>nte du<br />
MRAP.<br />
V.A.<br />
85
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS<br />
REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖiETi<br />
~ La parole aux Kur<strong>de</strong>s à l'Espace Cité<br />
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Reuters: OcaIan talks of political solution to war<br />
Öcalan: 'I am saying if the military <strong>de</strong>struction against us and be ready for a<br />
. .. political solution."<br />
Tur~sh state s~ps operations He said Ankara'~ efforts to impose a military<br />
agamst US and if they are solution in the Kurdish conflict could never<br />
ready for a political solution, wO~iœd if a 1993 threat he ma<strong>de</strong> to wage all-out<br />
then we are ready for a cease- war on Turkey, including attaçks on tourist sites,<br />
fire or peace as an organization' was still on the PKK agenda; Öcalan replied:<br />
"Since the Turkish state <strong>de</strong>clared a whole war<br />
By Haitharn Haddadin agai~st us, we ~ having a ,!hole war against the<br />
Reuters StaffWriter Turkish state... 'We are havmg a war to hurt the<br />
IN THE BEKAA VALLf:Y, Lebanon- .Turkish economy and to l<strong>et</strong> it be known interna-<br />
Kurdish rebel chief Abdullah Öcalan called on tionally that there is a war in Turkey and that the<br />
Tuesday for a ceasefue in the separatist war with Tur~sh state is not a tourist area."<br />
Turkey and said he was ready for peace if Ankara Öcalan, with the PKK red banner behind him,<br />
was ready for a IX!liticalsolution. said Turkish forces had <strong>de</strong>stroyed all economic<br />
"I am saying if the Turkish state stops opera- potential in Kurdistan. "They even bum horses<br />
tions against us and if they are ready for a politi- andhomes ...not eyen Kurdish names are allowed<br />
cal solution, then we are ~dy for a ceasefue or in Turkey," said ÖCalan,s~ng in Turkish.<br />
peace as an organization," ÖCalan, who heads the Dismissing Ankara s recent campaign<br />
Kurdistan Wolkers Party (PKK), told Reuters in launched with 35,000 troops against his guerrillas<br />
eastern Lebanon's Bekaa Valley. .in northern Iraq as a failure, Ocalan said he sus-<br />
More than 15,000 people have been killed in pe<strong>et</strong>ed Turkey might repeat the operation. "Our<br />
Turkey since 1984 when the PKK took up arms e!esence in northern Iraq is strong ... They<br />
for a separate Kurdish state in the southeast. (Turkish troops) feel the need to enter northern<br />
"If Ankara continues its campaign ag,ainst the Iraq to be. successful," Öcalan said. "They are<br />
IÇurdish people, the Kurdish people will fight," preparing a bigger operation.<br />
Öcalan said. "The Turkish state should stop all "The PKK presence in northern Iraq became<br />
StateMinister Hacaloglu: There are 295 uni<strong>de</strong>ntified corpses<br />
Turlcish Daily News<br />
ANKARA- Algan Hacaloglu, state minister<br />
res~nsible for human ri2hts, said, while visiting<br />
the <strong>Institut</strong>e of Forensiç "Medicine in Istanbul on<br />
Monday, that forensic examination had revealed<br />
that the <strong>de</strong>aths of 295 uni<strong>de</strong>ntified corpses had<br />
occurred in "unnatural" circumstances. Hacaloglu,<br />
cornrœnting on the case of Hasan<br />
Ocak, SaId that no blame attached to the forensic<br />
<strong>de</strong>partment but that there was a gap in the chain<br />
b<strong>et</strong>ween the prosecutor's office, forensic medicine<br />
and the police <strong>de</strong>partment He said that Hasan Ocak<br />
died as a result of torture or "at least bis <strong>de</strong>ath was<br />
not from natural causes."<br />
Twenty-nine year-old Hasan Ocak.disappeared<br />
in Istanbul on March 21, and bis <strong>de</strong>ad body was<br />
found later, without i<strong>de</strong>ntification, in the Beykoz<br />
district. The body was examined by the forensic<br />
<strong>de</strong>partment and later buried, still uni<strong>de</strong>ntified. On<br />
larger as a result of the operation. Wç.established<br />
many important strategic places," Ocalan said.<br />
"We managed to draw people's attention to<br />
us."<br />
Turkey <strong>de</strong>clared the northern Iraqi campaign,<br />
which en<strong>de</strong>d on May 2, as a compl<strong>et</strong>e success,<br />
~llying 555 PKK fighters and 61 soldiers died.<br />
Ocalan said Ankara reversed the actual casualty<br />
figures.<br />
He put Turkish <strong>de</strong>aths at 800 a~ainst 60 PKK<br />
<strong>de</strong>ad. Turkish military sources Said on Monday<br />
the number of troops m Turkey's eastern Tunceli<br />
province would be boosted to 45,000 as part of<br />
t~e army's bid to finish off the Kurdish rebels.<br />
Ocalan warned the Kurdistan Democratic Party<br />
of Iraqi Kurdish chief Massoud Barzani against<br />
joining Turkish forces in the war against the<br />
PKK, saying they would be finished if they<br />
did.<br />
He said Ankara had offered the KDP control of<br />
strategic points along the Turkish-Iraqi bor<strong>de</strong>r to<br />
stol' cross.frontier raids by the PKK. "I don't<br />
thitik Barzani will accept," he ad<strong>de</strong>d. Reuters correspon<strong>de</strong>nts<br />
were driven from Beirut to a secr<strong>et</strong><br />
PKK locati.9n in the Bekaa Valley for the interview<br />
with Ocalan, and waited for hours before he<br />
showed up with three bodyguards armed with<br />
AK-47 assault rifles.<br />
April16 bis family saw a photograph taken by the<br />
forensic <strong>de</strong>partment and i<strong>de</strong>ntified the body as<br />
Ocak. The remains were exhumed and taken to the<br />
Gaziosmanp~ district where the family lived and<br />
which in March had been the scene of massive<br />
unrest b<strong>et</strong>ween local people and police.<br />
Minister Hacaloglu said the number of uni<strong>de</strong>ntified<br />
corpses had recently risen to 295 and.that he he<br />
would take the matter before the cabin<strong>et</strong>..<br />
CX><br />
'J
REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ~RIVISTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASINOZETi<br />
MKE boosts machine gun exports to<br />
Norway <strong>de</strong>spite Oslo's armsembargo<br />
By Ümit Enginsoy I T~rkish Daily News<br />
ANKARA- Turkey's state-owned Machinery and Chemicals<br />
Company (MKE) has boosted sales of machine guns to Norway<br />
while at the same time Oslo continues an embargo on arms sales to<br />
Ankara, a senior MKE official said on Tuesday.<br />
"Our sales of MG-3 type machine guns to Norway are going very<br />
well. They have boughf 5,250 pieces and now are or<strong>de</strong>ring another<br />
I,OOOt the official told the Turkish Daily News.<br />
"The arms embargo Norway recently imposed against Turkey has<br />
not affected our sales. In fact, we have received no or<strong>de</strong>rs from the<br />
related Turkish authorities to stop the sales," the official ad<strong>de</strong>d.<br />
To protest an incursion by the Turkish Army into northern Iraq to<br />
<strong>de</strong>stroy bases of separatist Kurds, Norway said in late March that it<br />
would no longer sell weapons and military equi~ment to Turkey.<br />
Ankara r<strong>et</strong>aliated by barnng Norwegian comparues from entering<br />
Turkey's future arms <strong>de</strong>als. .<br />
MKE manufactures a wi<strong>de</strong> range of arms from artillery piêces and<br />
mortars, to machine guns, infantry rifles and ammunition - mainly<br />
for the Turkish Army. .<br />
But in recent years it has increased exports of mainly machine<br />
guns and ammunition to several countries throughout the world.<br />
MKE's exports excee<strong>de</strong>d $15 million in 1994, and the company official<br />
saidthis year' s targ<strong>et</strong> was to export arms and military equipment<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
WEDNESDAY. MA Y 24. 1995<br />
worth $20 million.<br />
. The original <strong>de</strong>al with Norway was worth $13 million, covering a<br />
four-year production period for 5,250 machine guns. But the new<br />
or<strong>de</strong>r for another 1,000 pieces raises the <strong>de</strong>al's overallcast<br />
The official said Norway' s selection of the Turkish<br />
MG-3s for its armywas a very significantsuccess for<br />
MKE, displaying the high quality of the company's<br />
products.. . . .<br />
. "Norwegian military officials have told us that they<br />
have .been impressed by the performance of our MG-<br />
3s," he said. Arms exports by Turkish companies<br />
require permissions from the Office of the Chief of<br />
General Staff, the Defense. Ministry and the Foreign<br />
Ministry. .<br />
Ankara r<strong>et</strong>aliates against S. African embargo<br />
.By Nazlan Ertanl Turkish Daily News<br />
ANKARA- Turkey announced that it has placed<br />
South Africa on a "red list" of arms suppliers ID<br />
respon~e to .the <strong>de</strong>cision by this postapai1held<br />
Afncan country last week to<br />
suspendarms sales to Turkey ..<br />
. '1n response to this country's military .<br />
embargo, we now. place South Africa on our<br />
red list of arms suppliers," a senior Turkish .<br />
diplomat told the Turkish Daily News. He said<br />
that.nO further economic and diplomatic r<strong>et</strong>aliation<br />
was being consi<strong>de</strong>red for the time being. . .<br />
The "red list" is a Foreign Ministry euphemism meaning thatthe<br />
country in question is "black listed" as an arms supplier. A red-Iis!~.d<br />
coun.try is no,t allowed to enter arms ten<strong>de</strong>rs in Turkey not-,eli~'.ty<br />
. rriilitary equipment.to Turkey. According to the<br />
senior official, the <strong>de</strong>cision was conveyed to<br />
South Africa last week both in Pr<strong>et</strong>oria<br />
and Ankara.<br />
Although the arms tra<strong>de</strong> b<strong>et</strong>ween<br />
Turkey an(l South Africa is negligible,<br />
Turk~y has co~si<strong>de</strong>red this country<br />
as a potentJaIsupplier and has soun<strong>de</strong>d<br />
out some South Afncan arms suppliers on<br />
" the sale of R.eQivaikhèlicop.ters ana c1ust~r<br />
bombs. WhIle Ankara waIted for a <strong>de</strong>cI-<br />
. . sion, South Africa, whIch has been assessing<br />
its overallarms sales to other countries, informed Turkey last<br />
88
REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW.BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ.RWISTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZETi<br />
.-<br />
.-<br />
week that it would suspend arms sales to<br />
Turkey. It gave no reason for the <strong>de</strong>cision.<br />
The South African Embassy, in response<br />
to an inquiry from Turkish Datly News, said<br />
that South Africa was suspending the <strong>de</strong>livery<br />
of certain arms to Turkey "m line with<br />
similar measures taken by several other<br />
states."<br />
"We consi<strong>de</strong>r this an outrageous <strong>de</strong>cision<br />
and attribute it to tbe past finks with the<br />
African National Congress (ANC)," a<br />
Turkish diplomat, who requested anonymity,<br />
said. .<br />
This comment on a past link with the ANC<br />
is a thinly-veiled reference to Turkey's belief<br />
that the ANC, particularly in its days as a<br />
resistance gI'(>up,had ties with the outlawed<br />
Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK). When<br />
Nelson Man<strong>de</strong>la, prior to the all~ce elections<br />
that installed birn as presi<strong>de</strong>nt, <strong>de</strong>clined<br />
to accept the Atatürk Award offered to him<br />
by Turkey in 1992, some Turkish' circles<br />
attributed this to the influence of the PKK on<br />
the' ANC. Although South Africa has assured<br />
Turkey at every opportunity that it consi<strong>de</strong>rs<br />
the PKK a "terronst orgarnzation," the <strong>de</strong>cision<br />
to sus~nd arms to Turkey, along with<br />
rumors that Kurdish activists were increasiRg<br />
their presence in South Africa, has ma<strong>de</strong><br />
Ankara remember old wounds.<br />
"We consi<strong>de</strong>r th~ South African <strong>de</strong>cision<br />
an incomprehensible one at a time when we.<br />
are !I)'ing to enhance our relations," another<br />
Turkish diplomat told the Turkish Daily<br />
News. The two countries, which restored full<br />
diplomatic ties in 1992, conclu<strong>de</strong>d a number<br />
of economic accords last year to promote<br />
tra<strong>de</strong> and tourism."<br />
Turkish officials,' bowever, maintain that<br />
they will not apply economic. nor diplomatic<br />
sanctions to Soutli Africa. A note of protest<br />
from Turkey is also ruled out by the same<br />
circles. SilD11arly,the South African Embassy<br />
ruled out that they had initiated a total<br />
embar~o on Turkey. "Nor do (we) intend to<br />
do so, the embassy statement said.<br />
Öcalan pushes<br />
all 01 us to<br />
make a choice<br />
There are about 14 million citizens of<br />
Kurdish origin in Turkey while are<br />
there more than 50 million Turks living<br />
on this soil. Most of our citizens of<br />
Kurdish <strong>et</strong>hnic origin live in Western<br />
Turkey mingled with all of us. Only about<br />
three million are located in southeastern<br />
Turkey where the PKK terrorist organization<br />
is waging a separatist campaign ...<br />
In an interview with Reuters on<br />
Tuesday, PKK lea<strong>de</strong>r Abdullah Öcalan<br />
says he is prepared to lay down his arms<br />
and end his terrorist campaign provi<strong>de</strong>d<br />
that Ankara starts talking about a political<br />
solution for the Kurdish issue.<br />
What does this "political solution" mean?<br />
All we can,un<strong>de</strong>r-<br />
Language problem limits<br />
health care in Southeast<br />
'Physicians mostly believe that<br />
they cannot be effective enough as<br />
most of the patients do not mow<br />
Turkish, they know only Kurdish'<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
ANKARA- Turkish-speaking health personnel face difficulties<br />
providing health services in the Southeast, the Turkish<br />
Medical Association (TMA) reported.<br />
In a report pllblished at the begillning of the month, the<br />
TMA saId language problems limit health services in<br />
Southeast, a predommantly Kurdish area ofTurkey.<br />
The report emphasized the importance of language in ren<br />
<strong>de</strong>ring services.<br />
J<br />
"Answers to a survey given on this matter by the physicians,<br />
midwives and nurses working at the health centers in the<br />
provincial center of Diyarbakir are interesting," the report said.<br />
"Physicians mostly believe that they cannot be effective<br />
enough as most of the patients do not know Turkish, they know<br />
only Kurdish." "<br />
The survey said that midwives and nurses faced difficulties<br />
with vaccinations, family planning, matemàl and child health<br />
care and in health education because of the language problem.<br />
Therefore they could not be effective enough ..<br />
The report also said that midwives anâ nurses who knew<br />
Kurdish said that they were more successful in ren<strong>de</strong>ring services.<br />
The TMA said that more than half of the physIcians<br />
nee<strong>de</strong>d a third person to communicate with patients and more<br />
than half of the physicians believe that they cannot be helpful<br />
enough to their patients because of the communication problem.<br />
As a result of the survey, the TMA suggested that pbysicians<br />
working in the region should know a socioeconomic conditions<br />
and learn the patient's language so that they could communicate.<br />
According to the TMA, third persons also should be<br />
employed for communication with the patients in the region.<br />
. stand from this is<br />
that Öcalan<br />
wants to a create ed,;to1"'ial<br />
a separate state '" "<br />
for the Kurds on<br />
this soil and<br />
divi<strong>de</strong> our country.<br />
So what he<br />
could not do<br />
through terrorism<br />
he wants to<br />
achieve through<br />
political means.<br />
Öcalan is not a<br />
man of peace. If<br />
he were then he<br />
would never have<br />
or<strong>de</strong>red the<br />
killing of innocent<br />
women and<br />
children for what<br />
he calls a "cause."<br />
He says, "if Ankara continues its campaign<br />
against the Kurdish people, the<br />
Kurdish people will fight." Turkey is riot<br />
involved in any campaign against its<br />
Kurdish population and out of the huge<br />
millions of people of J(urdish~rigin' in<br />
Turkey we see that onlya'handful o(mili-<br />
89
tants - numbering around 5,000 - are<br />
involved in Öcalan's famous struggle. Of<br />
course, even so few people could cause all<br />
theàestructioo' that is neces8aI"Y:.tomake<br />
people shud<strong>de</strong>r when they hear Ocalan<br />
and the PKK mentioned. People living on<br />
this land may soon have to make a clear<br />
choice on wh<strong>et</strong>her they want to live all<br />
tOg<strong>et</strong>her or face the consequences .., The<br />
consequences are clear: "You either live<br />
with us un<strong>de</strong>r this flag or you go and find<br />
yourself another homeland and that piece<br />
ofland will not be within Turkish bor<strong>de</strong>rs.<br />
If you do 'not consi<strong>de</strong>r yourself as our<br />
brothers and sisters then we cannot consi<strong>de</strong>r<br />
you as one of us ...": Iftoday people<br />
like us struggle for the rights of our<br />
Kurdish brothers and sisters, who we feel<br />
.have be~n do~w::a.<strong>de</strong>d as !>,~c.ond,.cla8s ~i~k<br />
zens in soutnéasternTurkey,it is because.<br />
they are one' of us. But the day we find out<br />
that they do not want to bea citizen of the<br />
Turkish<br />
change.<br />
Republic, then many things will<br />
.<br />
We do not want to be put in a position to<br />
make that choice and Öcalan should not<br />
force anyone to do that.<br />
So when Ocalansays, "if Ankara continues<br />
its campaign against the Kurdish pea,<br />
pIe, the Kurdish people will fight," everyone<br />
concemedhast9 remember that .<br />
Ankara is only fighting agaffist separatism<br />
but if the Turkish nation is provokedyou<br />
may see thatinstead of "Ankara" the .<br />
nation may well be up in arms. That is<br />
what Demirel was trying to warn ,against<br />
in his recent interview with the Turkish<br />
Daily News ... We &re corifi<strong>de</strong>nt that commonsense<br />
will prevail and we will continue<br />
to live in peace and harmony asproud<br />
citizens of the Turkish Republic. The fact .<br />
that Öcalan claims his forces are strong in<br />
northern Iraq is trivial~ He knows well<br />
that his forces could not stand up to the<br />
might of the Armed Forces of the Turkish<br />
. Republic and just fled like an~ when the<br />
Army entered northern Iraq. Ocalan is<br />
. simply making an effort to keep up the<br />
morale ofhis militants.<br />
What weexpect from the Turkish officials<br />
now is to ask the Lebanese authorities<br />
what Öcalan was doing on their soil on<br />
Tuesday, May 23, 1995 ...<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
THURSDAY.MA'(25.1995<br />
. . .. "-". .<br />
..<br />
.<br />
.". .' .<br />
. .<br />
Turkey urges complementing Provi<strong>de</strong><br />
Comfortwith<br />
peace plan in N. Iraq<br />
Stability perspective:' 'Any<br />
disor<strong>de</strong>r sitùation without<br />
a peace perspective is a"<br />
continued source of instability.<br />
Any humanitarian<br />
action which is not closely<br />
tied to a peace plan will be,<br />
by nature, going on and<br />
on,' says Sanberk<br />
By Nazlan Ertan<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
ANKARA- Uneasy with the continued<br />
disor<strong>de</strong>r in northern Iraq. which threatens<br />
its own security, Ankara drew<br />
Washington's attention on Tuesday to the<br />
need to formulate a "peace plan" in northern<br />
Iraq to complement Operation Proyi<strong>de</strong> .<br />
Comfort.<br />
"There must be a peace plan to be tied to<br />
-the humanitarian operation," Foreign<br />
Ministry Un<strong>de</strong>rsecr<strong>et</strong>ary Oz<strong>de</strong>m Sanberk<br />
told the Turkish Daily News in an exclusive<br />
interview as Turkish officials m<strong>et</strong> with<br />
their AmericliIJ counterparts to discuss the<br />
Sanberk stresses Turkish interests have<br />
priority , .<br />
situation in northern Iraq. .<br />
"We are trying to' convince Washington<br />
.and all allies that a peace and stability plan<br />
is necessary for the situation in northern<br />
Iraq. The operation now should have a stability<br />
perspective," Sanberk ad<strong>de</strong>d.<br />
Sanberk's words indicate that Ankara is<br />
having second. thoughts on the future of<br />
Operation Provi<strong>de</strong> .comfort II, an allied<br />
force which is .stationed in Turkey to guarantee<br />
the security of Iraqi Kurds north' of<br />
the 36th parallel. . .,.<br />
_A month ago, Prime Minister Tansu<br />
Çillér told U.S. Presi<strong>de</strong>nt Bill Clinton that<br />
the structure of the force should be<br />
reshaped. While both Americans and Turks<br />
. <strong>de</strong>ny that concr<strong>et</strong>e proposals have been<br />
ma<strong>de</strong> by either of the parties, Sanberk's<br />
words indicate that Turkey is reluctant to<br />
keep renewing the mandate of the force.<br />
"Any disor<strong>de</strong>r situation without a peace<br />
perspective is a continued source of mstability.<br />
There is a humanitarian action going<br />
on in northern Iraq, in which Turkey is also<br />
participating. But any humanitarian<br />
action which is not closely tied to a peace<br />
plan will be,by nature, going on and on,"<br />
the un<strong>de</strong>rsecr<strong>et</strong>ary said. .<br />
. Turkey focused on complementing<br />
90
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETÎ<br />
Operation Provi<strong>de</strong> Comfort 'n .wi~ a<br />
peaee plan in its high level talks WIth<br />
two U.S. <strong>de</strong>legations from the<br />
National Security Council and State<br />
Depar1l11ent.<br />
'~ is not som<strong>et</strong>hing that will<br />
happenwith one me<strong>et</strong>ing. But it ,is<br />
wfiere we are trying to lead<br />
Washington:' Sanberk said. Mark<br />
Parris, the head of the U.S. <strong>de</strong>legation<br />
that arrived in Ankara<br />
Wednesday, said that new i<strong>de</strong>as had<br />
been launched in the talks on the<br />
security of the Turco-Iraqi bor<strong>de</strong>r<br />
and the protection of the northern<br />
Ira9.iKurds.<br />
'Oeeration Provi<strong>de</strong> Comfort is<br />
very ImI>0rtant for both factors,"<br />
Parris, the Near East adviser of<br />
National Security Council, said. He<br />
did not elaborate further.<br />
While Sanberk told the TDN that<br />
there were "no concr<strong>et</strong>e proposals on<br />
thè' restl1lcturing of the Operation<br />
Provi<strong>de</strong> Comfort," he said that a<br />
I(mg,-term peace plan can be based<br />
upon U.N. Resolution 688, which<br />
alms to reconcile the Baghdad<br />
administration with the Kurds.<br />
"If the resolution is realized,<br />
Provi<strong>de</strong> Comfort can be lifted as Iraq<br />
restores its full sovereignty on all its<br />
territory," Sanberk said. "This is<br />
what we aim at but we are acutely<br />
aware that the si<strong>de</strong>s are not ready for<br />
it." ,<br />
Sanberk indicated that until this<br />
was realized, Turkey "would not<br />
consent to the safe haven in northern<br />
Iraq;' to become an ''unsafe region"<br />
for Turkish security.<br />
Claiming that the Iragi Kurds<br />
should maintain the secunty in the<br />
region, Sanberk said: "It is incom-<br />
.patible to think to make the safe<br />
.haven a zone of insecurity for<br />
Turkey, then, at the same time, ask<br />
for the extension of Operation<br />
Provi<strong>de</strong> Comfort." "If we ~<strong>et</strong> too<br />
pressed on security, we can Impose<br />
tighter measures on Habur Bor<strong>de</strong>r<br />
Gate~ If the insecurity in northern<br />
.Iraq becomes a threat to Turkey's<br />
security, this will surely have an<br />
effect on Provi<strong>de</strong> Comfort," Sanberk<br />
said.<br />
The point is also expected to be<br />
put forcefully to a <strong>de</strong>legation çf<br />
Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (pUK:),<br />
which will arrive in Ankara this<br />
week.<br />
The Turkish Parliament is expected<br />
to vQte on extending the mandate<br />
of Operation Provi<strong>de</strong> Comfort II<br />
before the end of June.<br />
Despite constant criticism of va,rious<br />
<strong>de</strong>puties, the force has been<br />
exten<strong>de</strong>d eight times since 1992.<br />
A new round of talks b<strong>et</strong>ween<br />
Turkey and ,the United States take<br />
place this weekend, as Deputy<br />
Assistant Secr<strong>et</strong>ary Eric Newson<br />
pays a visit tthe Turkish capital.<br />
"The si<strong>de</strong>s will take up regional<br />
issues and <strong>de</strong>fense cooperation,"<br />
Nur<strong>et</strong>tin Nurhn, the Foreign<br />
Ministry's new spokesman, said.<br />
Terrorist chief plays cloak<br />
and dagger with press<br />
.'<br />
By Haitham Haddadin<br />
Reuters StaffWriter<br />
IN THE BEKAA VALLEY, Lebanon-<br />
Interview~ in which guerrilla chief<br />
Abdullah Ocalan called on Tuesday for a<br />
ceasefrre in the Kurds' separatist war with<br />
Turkey were to have been held in a Beirut<br />
hotel, but reporters knew b<strong>et</strong>ter.<br />
A long-dIstance caller said the me<strong>et</strong>ing<br />
would be in a luxury hostelry, but when<br />
reporters m<strong>et</strong> up with the elusive guerrilla<br />
lea<strong>de</strong>r it was after another cloak-and-dagger<br />
trek to eastern Lebanon's Syrian-policed<br />
Bekaa Valley - a haven for Moslem militants<br />
and leftist groups during Lebanon's<br />
1975-90 civil war.<br />
Times have changed for the husky,<br />
coarse-voiced Marxist chief of the<br />
Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) since he<br />
was <strong>de</strong>clared persona non grata by Beirut in<br />
1993.<br />
Lebanon's Prime Minister RafIk al-Hariri<br />
no longer wants PKK guerrillas preparing in<br />
Lebanon for ~~tacks in Turkey and has<br />
vowed that if Ocalan is cau~ht he will be<br />
thrown out. Our gui<strong>de</strong>, who I<strong>de</strong>ntifIed himself<br />
as a PKK supporter, would not disclose<br />
the venue but told us at the hotellobby to<br />
drive behind him to a Bekaa town an hour<br />
after a 2 p.m. interview <strong>de</strong>adline had<br />
passed.<br />
The town he named was another <strong>de</strong>coy.<br />
When we fInally arrived at the actual site<br />
we waited for two more hours at a mo<strong>de</strong>st<br />
house before Öcalan, dressed in a khaki<br />
shirt, showed up with three bodyguards<br />
brandishing AK-47 machine guns.<br />
"We are sony for the inconvenience but<br />
this is for secunry reasons," the soft-spoken<br />
gui<strong>de</strong>, who <strong>de</strong>clined to be named, said in<br />
broken Arabic.<br />
The mustachioed Öcalan, raising his fist<br />
in the air often as he spoke, ra~ped the<br />
United States saying it was pressunng Syria<br />
and Iran - where 600,000 and 3.5 million<br />
Kurds live respectively - to stop supporting<br />
the PKK.<br />
Sittin~ with the red PKK guerrilla flag<br />
behind him, it seemed almost ICOniCthat he<br />
spoke in Turkish not Kurdish, a language he<br />
says the Turks are trying to ban.<br />
He told reporters he was ready for peace<br />
if Ankara was ready for a political solution<br />
to the separatist campaign that has killed<br />
15,000 people since 1984. Turkey has<br />
re~pon<strong>de</strong>d .by saying it would not negotiate<br />
WIthterronsts.<br />
At New Rouz festivities marking the<br />
Kurdis~ new ye~, PKK guerrillas usually<br />
wave Rlctures of Ocalan, known to them as<br />
"Apo , and chant "Biji Apo, Biji PKK<br />
(Long Live Apo, Long üve PKK)".<br />
After the interview, the Kurdish gui<strong>de</strong><br />
politely asked our driver to bring the car<br />
close to the house so the televisIOn crew<br />
could put the camera in the boot and not<br />
arouse suspicions among Lebanese neighbors.<br />
91
REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ~RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
AMONG STATESWOMEIIl- Prime Minister Tansu Çiller receives the three chairwomen of the left-wing parties in the European Parliament.<br />
Socialist Group lea<strong>de</strong>r Pauline Green, Cat,herine Lalumiere, head of the European Radical Alliance and Greens' lea<strong>de</strong>r Claudia Roth were<br />
briefed by Çiller on <strong>de</strong>mocratization in Turkey. Photo TDN-Ceng;t UysaJ<br />
European Parliament MPs arrive in Ankara'<br />
-<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
ANKARA- The chairwomen of three<br />
left~wing g~oilP.s in the European<br />
Parliament arrIved in Ankara on Tuesday to<br />
discuss Turkish-European relations,<br />
strained by human. rights issues and<br />
prospects of <strong>de</strong>mocral1zatIon.<br />
Soci~st GrouVlea<strong>de</strong>r Pauline Green and<br />
Cathenne Lalurruere, head of the European<br />
Radical Alliance, said upon arrival that<br />
they were sad<strong>de</strong>ned by the weakness of ties<br />
b<strong>et</strong>ween Turkey and the European<br />
Parliam<strong>et</strong>lt, which will vote on a customs<br />
union b<strong>et</strong>ween Turkey and the Fifteen in<br />
fall.<br />
'<br />
Lalumiere, a former secr<strong>et</strong>ary-general of<br />
the European Parliament who has had close<br />
ties with Turkey, said the end on May 2 of<br />
Turkey's six-week incursion into northern<br />
Iraq was welcome, but merely a' factor in<br />
what she called the generally "sad<strong>de</strong>ning"<br />
state of Turkey-Europe ties, ,<br />
Green, whose Socialist group has 2,12<br />
seats in the Euro-Parliament, said she<br />
, hopedto me<strong>et</strong> Prime Minister Tansu Çiller,<br />
some ministers and other parliamentarians<br />
during their trip.<br />
"Wewill have the opportunity to tell<br />
them just how weak relations b<strong>et</strong>ween the<br />
European Parliament, the European Union<br />
and Turkeyare at the moment," Green said.<br />
She said they would be making enquiries<br />
about <strong>de</strong>mocracy reforms urged by the<br />
Wes~ and long-promised byAnkara.<br />
The two politicians, accompanied by<br />
Green group Chairwoman Claudia Roth,<br />
paid a visit to the jailed <strong>de</strong>puties of the<br />
Democracy Party Tuesday morning., '<br />
"Those <strong>de</strong>puties want Turkey to be c1oser<br />
to Europe. In fact, we all want Turkey' s<br />
integration. But the conditi.ons should be<br />
right for that," Green said after her tWO"<br />
hour visit with the <strong>de</strong>puties.<br />
Afterwards, the Euro-MPs arrived in the<br />
Foreign Ministry fora briefing on human<br />
rights.<br />
'<br />
Turkey's chances of g<strong>et</strong>ting European,<br />
Parliament approval for the customs union,<br />
is slim. Roth, visiting Turkey three months '<br />
ago, said that the Greens, would vote<br />
against the customs union until her eight- ,<br />
point plan was m<strong>et</strong>. Her points inclu<strong>de</strong> '<br />
restonng the parliamentar-y seats of the<br />
jailed <strong>de</strong>puties.<br />
The three Euro-MPs will visit Deputy<br />
Prime Minister Hikm<strong>et</strong> ç<strong>et</strong>in and Foreign<br />
Minister Erdal lnönü today and leave<br />
Turkeyafter a press conference.<br />
Turkish <strong>de</strong>puties inch closer to voting rights at WED Assembly<br />
Turkish<br />
Daily News<br />
ANKARA- The regulatory commission<br />
'of the Western European Union (WEU)<br />
Assembly approved a proposal to give<br />
Turki.sh <strong>de</strong>puties the right ~o.vote in<br />
Assembly me<strong>et</strong>ings and corrumsslOns" the<br />
Anatolia ne,w,s, agençy report~don<br />
Wednesday.""<br />
The proposal, known as the Firsberg<br />
report, was prepared by Britain's Lord<br />
Firsber~ \\I1dfores.ee(giving voting rights<br />
to associated members of the WEU, namely<br />
Turkey, Norway and Iceland. It was<br />
approved by the commission <strong>de</strong>spite resistance<br />
from Greek, Italian, Spanish and<br />
Belgian <strong>de</strong>puties,<br />
Thl: F'irsberg'report will be pres,eptedtQ<br />
the W£tJ Generlù Assembly forapprovaI at<br />
the latter's me<strong>et</strong>ing .on-June 19-20.1t envisages<br />
granting associate members' <strong>de</strong>puties<br />
full voting rights except in budg<strong>et</strong> and<br />
,annual report matters. '<br />
, The Turkish <strong>de</strong>puties have boycotted<br />
, WEU me<strong>et</strong>ings SInce the beginning of<br />
1994, saying they could not accept secondclass<br />
membership.<br />
Sait Kemal Mimaroglu,p~airm~ of the ,<br />
Tu!kish Parliam~nt~rians'. O.f~U~,Cp¥~c- '<br />
tenzed the cornrrusslOn's aeclSlonasa significant<br />
<strong>de</strong>velopment. "We'left our seats<br />
empty in the Assembly to g<strong>et</strong> to this point<br />
We will attend me<strong>et</strong>ings once the GeneraI<br />
Assembly gives its approval," he said.<br />
'.<br />
92
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
.US on PKK: 'We believe in re<strong>de</strong>mption'<br />
By Ugur Alanel! TurlcishDai/yN~ws<br />
WASHINGTON- A senior U.S. State Department official,<br />
reacting to ~e news that Abdullah ÔCalan, lea<strong>de</strong>r of the out~<br />
lawed Kurdistan W~r~ers' P!'flY(PKK) has offered a ceasef~<br />
and asked for a politIcal solution to the ll-year-old terrorts't<br />
bloodbath in the southeastern Turkey, said "we believe in<br />
re<strong>de</strong>mption."<br />
",'<br />
. ~t:nasked to elaborate further, the official repeated' tlIat<br />
Dev-Sol and PKK were terrorist organizations and"'we don't<br />
talk to, terro~st organiza~ions." But he also mentioned AI-<br />
Fatah. 'We did not (leal WIththem when they were involved in<br />
terror."<br />
Th~ officiaI ad<strong>de</strong>d that when Yasser Arafat had renounced<br />
terronsm, the U.S. had also changed its position. If someday<br />
~<br />
:q<br />
>-<br />
~<br />
;>:<br />
i?S<br />
~<br />
ï:<br />
the PKK and Dev-Sol als.prenouhced terror and<br />
became peaceful, the US attitu<strong>de</strong> might also<br />
change, lie'said.<br />
When th~ Turkish Daily News asked what<br />
~oul~ constitute. such a drastic change in orgamzational<br />
behavI~r, the official said that,"that is<br />
not a hard questIon to answer. Actions count<br />
not words.<br />
'<br />
You know Jwhen a' terrorist organization<br />
renounces terrorism]."<br />
Turkey ~n Tuesday dismissed the PKK's call<br />
for ceaseflre. and negotiations. Government<br />
~pokesm!ll YIldmm Aktuna said "our struggle<br />
IS not WIth the Kurdish people. It is with the<br />
PKK terrorist.organiz~tion, .and th~ armed strUggle<br />
.agal~st this terronsm wIll contInue until terror<br />
ISfimshed."<br />
Rival Iraqi Kurdish factions to<br />
hold special parliament session<br />
Agence France Presse<br />
b<strong>et</strong>ween the two si<strong>de</strong>s locked in a bitter<br />
SALAHADIN, Iraq- Rival Kurdish factions<br />
are to hold a special me<strong>et</strong>ing of parliaenues<br />
since May 1994. About 2,000 have<br />
struggle over power-sharing and tax revment<br />
to extend its mandate in the absence of died according to Kurdish estimates.<br />
planned elections put off because of violent<br />
Necim Omar Surtshi, the head of the<br />
fighting, Kurdish sources said<br />
Wednesday.<br />
Kurdistan Conservative Party told AFP the<br />
The Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP)<br />
two si<strong>de</strong>s had aweed to the me<strong>et</strong>ing "to prevent<br />
the crumbling of the <strong>de</strong>mocratic exper-<br />
and the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK)<br />
share power in the parliament elected in iment."<br />
1992 In Kurdish-controlled northern Iraq, The session will be held on neutral<br />
but which is not internationally recognized.<br />
PUK-controlled Arbil, where the parliament<br />
ground in the village of Daraben, b<strong>et</strong>ween<br />
Saturday's special assembly, the first this is based, and KDP-controlled Salahadin,<br />
year, is expected to extend parliament's Surtshi said.<br />
mandate for a year. Elections had been Kurdish factions took control of northern<br />
scheduled in June, but have been ma<strong>de</strong> Iraq after Baghdad's <strong>de</strong>feat by a US-led<br />
impossible by the continued clashes coalition in the 1991 GulfWar.<br />
-~~~-~------~-~-----~--~---<br />
,----------------------------------------------,<br />
.-<br />
rURQUIE-IRAK<br />
Ankara veut une pacification<br />
<strong>de</strong> la frontière<br />
m La Turquie tente <strong>de</strong> convaincre les États-Un'Is <strong>de</strong> la nécessité.<br />
d'un .. plan <strong>de</strong> paix .. dans le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak, en complément- <strong>de</strong>,<br />
"opération Provi<strong>de</strong> Comfort, a déclaré le numéro <strong>de</strong>ux turc, Oz<strong>de</strong>m<br />
Sanberk.C<strong>et</strong>te déclaration Intervient alors qu'une délégation amé-<br />
'lcalne dirigée par Mark Parris, spécialiste du Proche-Orient au<br />
ponsell national <strong>de</strong> sécurité, était à Ankara pour rencontrer .ë:tes<br />
~esponsables turcs. Après la vaste opération militaire qu'elle a thenée<br />
dans le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak contre les bases <strong>de</strong>s rebelles du Parti<br />
<strong>de</strong>s, travailleurs kur<strong>de</strong>s (PKK), la Turquie cherche une formule lui<br />
perm<strong>et</strong>tant <strong>de</strong> rendre sa frontière Imperméable aux infiltrations <strong>de</strong>s<br />
séparatistes kur<strong>de</strong>s. D'autre part, au moins huit personnes, dont' un<br />
~nfant, ont été tuées hier par l'explosion d'une bombe près d'~e<br />
écol~ primair&.àB/ltm~n d,OS le sud-est du pays.<br />
'-------,------------------------<br />
-----------------------------------------<br />
---.J<br />
93
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASiN ÖZETi<br />
-)<br />
FRS0409 4' '10410 TUR /AFP-EN34<br />
Turquie-UE .<br />
Droits <strong>de</strong> l'Homme: le temps presse pour la Turquie, selon trois<br />
parlementaires européennes<br />
ANKARA, 25 mai (AFP) - Les prési<strong>de</strong>ntes <strong>de</strong> trois groupes au<br />
.européen ont indiqué jeudi à Ankara que les mois qui viennent<br />
Parlement<br />
seraient<br />
"'cruciaux" pour. les chances <strong>de</strong> la Turquie <strong>de</strong>. voir ratifier par l'assemblée<br />
<strong>de</strong> Strasbourg son accord d' union!,dquanière avec l'Union européenne.<br />
Pour cela, <strong>de</strong>s progrès doivent être faits dans le domaine <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong><br />
l'Homme en<br />
socialiste<br />
Turquie, ont<br />
au parlement<br />
souligné<br />
européen,<br />
Mmes Pauline Green, chef du groupe<br />
Catherine Lalumière, chef du groupe<br />
radical, <strong>et</strong> Claudia Roth, chef du groupe <strong>de</strong>s<br />
presse à l'issue d'une visite <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux jours.<br />
Verts, dans urie conférence <strong>de</strong><br />
L'assemblée européenne a indiqué qu'elle ne ratifierait pas l'accord<br />
d'union douanière, signé le 6 mars à Bruxelles, si <strong>de</strong>s progrès substantiels<br />
n'étaient pas accomplis en Turquie dans le domaine <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'Homme.<br />
Elle doit en principe voter à l'automne.<br />
Ankara a déclaré son intention <strong>de</strong> prendre <strong>de</strong>s mesures <strong>de</strong> démocratisation<br />
mais celles-ci tar<strong>de</strong>nt à se concrétiser. L'union douanière est censée<br />
entrer en vigueur le 1er janvier prochain.<br />
"Nous n'avons pas l'intention <strong>de</strong> r<strong>et</strong>ar<strong>de</strong>r le vote" <strong>de</strong> l'assemblée.<br />
européenne, a déclaré Mme Green. "Les quelques mois qui viennent seront<br />
cruciaux". Elle répondait à la question <strong>de</strong> savoir si le parlement européen<br />
pourrait reporter son vote afin <strong>de</strong> laisser le temps à la Turquie <strong>de</strong><br />
'démocratiser sa constitution <strong>et</strong> ses lois.<br />
Les<br />
Turquie<br />
trois parlementaires<br />
fasse pour obtenir<br />
se sont refusées à dire ce qu'il<br />
gain <strong>de</strong> cause. "Nous voulons voir<br />
fallait que<br />
<strong>de</strong>s progrès"<br />
la<br />
dans le domaine <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong><br />
au parlement européen <strong>de</strong> dire<br />
l'Homme,<br />
comment".<br />
a dit Mme Green "mais ce n'est pas<br />
Durant<br />
potamment<br />
leur séjour à Ankara, Mmes Green, Lalumière<br />
le premier ministre turc, Mme Tansu Ciller,<br />
<strong>et</strong> Roth ont<br />
.le prési<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
rencontré<br />
du<br />
parlement Husam<strong>et</strong>tin Cindoruk, <strong>de</strong>s parlementaires <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> nombreux<br />
représentants <strong>de</strong>s organisations <strong>de</strong> droits <strong>de</strong> l'Homme.<br />
Elles ont rendu v~site en prison à six ex-députés d'origine kur<strong>de</strong>.<br />
condamnés à <strong>de</strong> lour<strong>de</strong>s peines <strong>de</strong> prison en décembre <strong>de</strong>rnier.pour "création<br />
<strong>et</strong> appartenance" ou "ai<strong>de</strong> à ban<strong>de</strong> armée" (le Parti <strong>de</strong>s Travailleurs du<br />
Kurdistan,PKK).<br />
européen.<br />
Leur cas est une préoccupation particulière<br />
. . . .'<br />
du parlement<br />
Elles <strong>de</strong>vaient rencontrer jeudi après-midi le ministre <strong>de</strong>s affaires<br />
étrangères Erdal Inonu, avant <strong>de</strong> quit~~r la Turquie.<br />
HC/mr/mfo<br />
.AFP JJ00245125~718 MAI 95<br />
94
REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ~RNISTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZETÎ<br />
Droits<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'homme<br />
La Turquie<br />
sous l'œil<br />
<strong>de</strong><br />
.Strasbourg<br />
Une délégation<br />
du PiUlement<br />
européen s'est rendue<br />
à Ankara.<br />
la Turquie reste tous surveillance.<br />
La visit. A Ankara<br />
<strong>de</strong>s prési<strong>de</strong>ntes <strong>de</strong>s groupell<br />
socialiste, radical <strong>et</strong> écologiste<br />
du Parlement européen le<br />
confirme, même s'II ne s'agit<br />
pas à proprement parler d'une<br />
démarche officielle <strong>de</strong> "Assemblée<br />
<strong>de</strong> Strasbourg.<br />
la Turquie est liée <strong>de</strong>puis<br />
le 6 mars à VUnion européenne<br />
par un accord d'union douanière.<br />
les élus <strong>de</strong>s « 15 .. doivent<br />
ratifier ce lexte à leur session<br />
d'autonme, en novembre<br />
sans doute.<br />
le 16 février tjernler, le<br />
Parlement européen"soullgnalt<br />
que « Is situstion ~ drdits <strong>de</strong><br />
l'homme en Turquie est trop<br />
grave pour permeNre Is constitution<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'union dousnière ».<br />
le 25 mars, les ministres <strong>de</strong>s<br />
affaires étrangères <strong>de</strong> la<br />
Troika européenne, avec à leur<br />
tête Alain Juppé, étalent venu's<br />
à Ankara. Ils rappelèJent au'<br />
premier ministre Tansu Ciller<br />
que les « réformes démocrstiques"<br />
qu'elle avait annoncées<br />
« <strong>de</strong>vsient être sppliquées<br />
" <strong>et</strong> qu « on ne réglersit<br />
pss le problème kur<strong>de</strong> psr <strong>de</strong>s<br />
métho<strong>de</strong>s excluswement ré.<br />
pressives ".<br />
cc Loi antiterroriste »<br />
Désormais habitués allx<br />
cc tournées d'inspection .. <strong>de</strong>s'<br />
parlemeritaires européens, les<br />
autorités turques ont reçu hier<br />
les trois chefs <strong>de</strong> groupes aveC<br />
une efficacité <strong>de</strong> bon aloi. Elles<br />
<strong>de</strong>vaient notamment renContr~<br />
le premier mlnl~tre, le prési<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
du Parlement <strong>et</strong> les ministres<br />
<strong>de</strong> la Justice <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s. Affàires<br />
étrangères. Un diplomate européen<br />
déclarait <strong>de</strong>rnièrement :<br />
« L'union dousnière n'entrers<br />
pas en vigueur le premier janvier<br />
prochsin si Ankara ne fslt<br />
pas un « lobby d'enfer» al/près<br />
du Parlement europl.n. "<br />
Tansu Ciller semble avoir entendu<br />
le message. .<br />
Une campagne <strong>de</strong> relations<br />
publiques efficaces ne suffira.<br />
pourtant pas. les réformes dé-.<br />
mocratlques se 10nt attendre.<br />
Celle <strong>de</strong> la constitution, 'u",<br />
« ca<strong>de</strong>au .. <strong>de</strong>s auteurs dit<br />
coup d'Etat <strong>de</strong> 1980, est au<br />
sta<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>s commissions. Quatre<br />
ministres s'y étant refusé, I.<br />
proj<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> réforme <strong>de</strong> l'article <strong>de</strong><br />
la « loi antiterroriste " cancer.<br />
nant la liberté d'expression n'a<br />
pas encore été soumIs au Parlement.<br />
Quant aux six députés<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>s du DEP, ils sont tau.<br />
jours en prison pour « Incnatlon<br />
au séparatisme ". les parlementaires<br />
européens <strong>de</strong>vaient<br />
leur rendre visite. l'Assemblée<br />
<strong>de</strong> Strasbourg attend davantage<br />
d'un futur partenaire.<br />
CIIu<strong>de</strong> a.o.ux<br />
.-<br />
Euro-MPs urge Ankara to make<br />
speedy 'progress' in <strong>de</strong>mocratization<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
ANKARA- A group of European<br />
Parliament <strong>de</strong>puties, concluding a visit to<br />
Turkey, urgedTurkish officials to speed up<br />
<strong>de</strong>mocratization.<br />
"We are for full integration of Turkey<br />
with the European Union," Claudia Roth,<br />
the lea<strong>de</strong>r of the Greens, told a J'ress conference:<br />
But she ad<strong>de</strong>d that certam conditions<br />
have to be m<strong>et</strong>.<br />
These conditions are summarized by the<br />
<strong>de</strong>puties as: Making progress in <strong>de</strong>mocratization,<br />
realization of the Kurdish reality by<br />
Turks and, more concr<strong>et</strong>ely, the restoration<br />
of the rights of the jailed Democracy Party<br />
(DEP) <strong>de</strong>puties.<br />
''We are aware that a judicial process is<br />
being continued, but we hope that the<br />
<strong>de</strong>puties, elected representatives of their<br />
people, will be released and their rights<br />
restored," Roth said. The other two<br />
<strong>de</strong>puties, Socialist group's lea<strong>de</strong>r Pauline<br />
Green and European Radical Alliance chairwoman<br />
Catherine Lalumiere, said the<br />
European Parliament expected some<br />
progress from Turkey. Green allowed that<br />
the European Parliament hoped that the<br />
judiciary appeal of the DEP <strong>de</strong>puties would<br />
be finalized before the Parliament voted on<br />
a customs union accord with Turkey. The<br />
vote is to be held this fall, but there are<br />
increasing speculation in Ankara that it may<br />
be <strong>de</strong>layed for six months. "We have no<br />
intention of <strong>de</strong>laying the vote unless we<br />
have clear reasons to ôo so," Green told the<br />
press conference. The three Euro-MPs were<br />
empbatic that the coming months would be<br />
of crucial importance for the passing of legislation<br />
that would enhance <strong>de</strong>mocratization<br />
and human rights in Turkey.<br />
95
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA<br />
STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
Constitutional<br />
Courtre-elects<br />
tt<br />
GÜDgör Oz<strong>de</strong>n<br />
Another term: Öz<strong>de</strong>n was<br />
re-elected to post of presiding<br />
judge with majority vote<br />
. Turkish Daily News..<br />
ANKARA- Yekta Güngör Oz<strong>de</strong>n was reelected<br />
to the post' of presiding judge of ~he<br />
Constitutional Court on Thursday, extendmg<br />
his term in office until1997, when he is expected<br />
to refire. . ,<br />
Öz<strong>de</strong>n's term in office expired on May 7. He<br />
was elected in ~e ~rst roun.d by an abs?lute<br />
majority vote, which ISessentlal for a candidate<br />
to be elected. Although there has not been an<br />
official statement, the general secre:<br />
.tary of the Constitutional Court, Ali<br />
Kadri Ediz announced after the election<br />
that Ö~<strong>de</strong>n had been re-elected.<br />
Öz<strong>de</strong>n, 'speaking to jou~nalists<br />
after the election, said the<br />
Con'stitutional Court was a fully<br />
in<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nt and imp~al i~stitulio.n .<br />
whicn fulfilled its dutles with sensItivity.<br />
He also said the elec~on had •<br />
been conducted in a <strong>de</strong>mocratlc manner<br />
by the members of the court:<br />
"The Constitutional Court IS the<br />
guarantee of everybody's rights and<br />
freedoms. That is why ~9ple shouldnot<br />
~ to un<strong>de</strong>rmine It, Oz<strong>de</strong>n said.<br />
After expres~ing th~tlife was<br />
becomino more difficult IIITurkey as<br />
the number of reliable institutions<br />
<strong>de</strong>clined, Öz<strong>de</strong>n said: "The<br />
Constitiitional Court is a united one.<br />
:Th<strong>et</strong>e is no differences b<strong>et</strong>ween the<br />
members. If I am elected today, it<br />
can be someone else in the future. I<br />
am goino fo continue my work from<br />
where 11eft it when my office term<br />
expired on May 7. I wish happy days<br />
[QI' the rest of the Turkish people." A<br />
rather interesting comment o~ the<br />
elections came from Güven Dmçer,<br />
th~ <strong>de</strong>puty chairman. of the<br />
Constitutional Court. Pnor to the<br />
election he told journalist. that outsi<strong>de</strong><br />
powers were trying to control<br />
the Constitutional Court. He la~er<br />
clarified his statement, indicating<br />
that by ou~i<strong>de</strong>rs he meant newspaper<br />
~olumms~s... .<br />
.' Dmçer sal~ that Oz<strong>de</strong>n received<br />
six votes, while he got four and the<br />
.other' candidate, Selçuk Tüzün, only<br />
one. ..<br />
Öz<strong>de</strong>n lashed back at the cntlcs,<br />
saying that no one could influence<br />
thë court.and its <strong>de</strong>cisions were taken<br />
in<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>ntly.When asked if S?in~<br />
of the court members had received<br />
telephQ.necalls telling them.whom to<br />
elect, Oz<strong>de</strong>n said not to believe such<br />
rumors.<br />
"Isupport Ata~rk's ten<strong>et</strong>s, secularism<br />
and human rights. I am a partial<br />
person. when it com~~ to these<br />
issues," said Oz<strong>de</strong>n. Pohl1cal party<br />
lea<strong>de</strong>rs sent congratulation messages<br />
to Öz<strong>de</strong>n. Deputy Prime Minister.<br />
Hikm<strong>et</strong> Ç<strong>et</strong>in stated in his message<br />
that he wasproud of the<br />
Constitutional Court, which he<br />
<strong>de</strong>fined as the protector of the <strong>de</strong>mocratic<br />
secular regime in T!lrlc~.<br />
Nationalist Movement Party (MHP),<br />
Chairnian Alparslan Türke~ al$,osent<br />
a IIlessage wishing ~uccess t~ Oz<strong>de</strong>n.<br />
Oz<strong>de</strong>n was born III 1932 m Tokat.<br />
He graduated from the Ankara Law<br />
Faculty in 1956. He was elected to<br />
the Constitutional Court in 1979. He<br />
becaine the <strong>de</strong>puty presiding judge in<br />
1988 and presldingjudge in 1991. .<br />
Rival Kurds take feuds to<br />
airwaves illnorthern Iraq<br />
Vel<strong>de</strong>: We aren't a state so we can't<br />
establish officialcontacts with other<br />
international stations nor travel abroad<br />
By Tolle Aram propagandaspouted by the rival tek vi-<br />
Agence France Presse<br />
sion stations.<br />
SALAHUDDIN - The small hill The KDP and PUK are locked in a<br />
town of Salahuddin in northern Iraq - year-long feud over power-sharing and<br />
has become home to three different taxfevenues, which has cost more than .<br />
television stations as rival Kurdish fac- 2,000 lives according .to Kurdish<br />
lions take their bitter power struggle to sources and has carved up northern<br />
the airwaves. Iraq into different zones. .'.<br />
The Iraqi National Congress, a All thiS is reflected in the output of<br />
coalition of groups opposed to the rival factions' TV channels..<br />
Baghdad, and the Kurdista.n "We are so fed up with the propa-<br />
Democratic Party (KDP) have theIr ganda yourec'eive on all stations.<br />
own channels based in private villas in, Every tun<strong>et</strong>hey start to talk about (l?lthe<br />
former summer resort. Meanwhile itics we switch on our satellite," Said a<br />
the KDP's rival, the Patriotic Union of . 25-year-old aid worker in the main<br />
Kurdistan (PUK), broadcasts on its, town of Arbil.<br />
own two stations from other areas of . Like all the northern Iraqi channels,<br />
northern Iraq un<strong>de</strong>r its control. KTV relies on satellite chaJl{lelsfor its<br />
Television bosses face a host of international news and does very few<br />
problems trying to broadcast from ~e of its own reports. Besi<strong>de</strong>s its threeregion,<br />
which came un<strong>de</strong>r Kurdish daily news bull<strong>et</strong>ins, its airtime is<br />
control in the aftermath of the 1991' filled with foreign science programmes<br />
Gillf War 'but is not recognised as a and soap operas and Kurdish music ~~<br />
separate slate. "We ar.en't a state so ~e 'd<br />
can't establish offiCiaI contacts With V1 I~~~ained passive even in the face ~<br />
other international stations nor travel of Turkey's massive six-week military ~<br />
abroad," said Christopher Yel<strong>de</strong>, direc- incursion into northern Iraq to hunt ~<br />
tor of the KDP's flfst channel, KTV. down PKK militants, launched on ' ~<br />
"We have to make the best of these M h 20 ~<br />
politicallimitations." Howev~r one ~f The KDP's second channel Gulan ~<br />
the bigoest problems for the viewers IS tried to break the mould when it was ~<br />
what they say _is ail endless stream of established in Arbil a year ago, and ~<br />
96
REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ~RwISTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZETi<br />
-'<br />
was the only TV station i~ the.region<br />
to broadcast interviews With different<br />
factions. "But since the PUK conquered<br />
Arbil and we had t~ ~ee to<br />
Salahuddin, we have been hrruted to<br />
KDP-controlled areas and we have to<br />
concentrate more on party-relate~<br />
issues - wh<strong>et</strong>her we want to or not,<br />
said Gulan director Sero Ka<strong>de</strong>r,<br />
The PUK is proving more.successful<br />
in entertaining its viewers Withthe s~ond<br />
of its two channels, based In<br />
Suleymaniya 2~0 kilom<strong>et</strong>res (136<br />
miles) east of Arbil.<br />
"We realized that people were fed<br />
up with all that party-related propaganda<br />
so we <strong>de</strong>signed a second c~anne,~<br />
for entertainment and youns people,<br />
said Abbas Abdul Raza, dIrector of<br />
PUK television.<br />
"Five hours a day we produce our<br />
own programmes for health, women<br />
and childfen," he said proudly.<br />
Despite his efforts, on~ of the<br />
biggest hits in northern IraQ ~s a new<br />
satellite channel beamed In from<br />
Europe by the outlawed Kurdistan<br />
Workers' Party (PKK). Not every~y<br />
can afford it but those who can enJoy<br />
four hours a day of ?riginal. programmes<br />
including dancmg, muSICand<br />
'cultural shows.<br />
Congress refuses to link<br />
US arms to human rights<br />
State Department opposes arms limits on Turkey<br />
By Ugur Abnci<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
W ASHINGTON- During a second day<br />
of <strong>de</strong>bates on the U.S. House floor on HR<br />
1561, the American Overseas Interest Act,<br />
the house members ,rejected by 262-1 ~7<br />
votes an amendment mtroduced by Cynthia<br />
McKinney (D) of GeorNia that would <strong>de</strong>ny<br />
U.S. arms exports to dictators, military<br />
aggressors, human rights abusers, or nonparticipants<br />
in the UN Register of<br />
Conventional Arms." Since Turkey is frequently<br />
criticized by human rights group~,<br />
some observers were concerned that, if<br />
accepted, the amendment could jeopardize<br />
U.S. arms transfers to Turkey.<br />
The McKinney amendment had many<br />
supporters, incl.uding Joseph Kennedy (D-<br />
MA), Chaka Fattah (D-PA), Carrie Meek<br />
(D-FL), George Miller (D-CA), Lynn<br />
Woolsey (D-CA), Alcee Hasttngs (D-FL).<br />
Dan Burton (R-IN) was one <strong>de</strong>termined<br />
voice who opposed the amendment arguing<br />
that the presi<strong>de</strong>nt already had the option to<br />
<strong>de</strong>ny any arm sales he wants to any country<br />
he chooses, just as he refused to <strong>de</strong>liver F-<br />
16s to Pakistan even though Pakistan had<br />
already paid for the planes. John Mica (D-<br />
FL) and Matt Salmon (R-AZ) were among<br />
others who spoke out against the amendment.<br />
Rep. Waters on Turkey<br />
The only member of Congress who<br />
dwelled on Turkey's human rights record<br />
within the context of the amendment was<br />
Maxine Waters (D) of California. Ms.<br />
Waters referred to Lawrence Korb's testimony<br />
at a Senate subcommittee on<br />
Tuesday. Korb, an assistant secr<strong>et</strong>ary of<br />
<strong>de</strong>fense during the Reagan administration<br />
and now a scholar at the Brookings<br />
<strong>Institut</strong>e, said that Turkey's use of F-16s,<br />
Black Hawk helicopters and M-6Os against<br />
''the Kurds" indicated that "many US arms<br />
transferred overseas are used not against the<br />
foreign enemies of the US, but against the<br />
indigenous population."<br />
"We only need to look at the recent past<br />
to find examples of good intentions gone<br />
bad," she saiâ. "Many people have talked<br />
about the recent gross liuman rights violations<br />
in Turkey. Turkey haflpens to be one<br />
of largest recipientsof U.S.' military aid.<br />
Former Assistant Secr<strong>et</strong>ary Lawrence Korb<br />
testified yesterday that Turkey's rulers have<br />
used U,S.-supplied F-16s, Black Hawk helicopters<br />
and M-60 tanks against its own<br />
Kurdish population," she said.<br />
The U.S. arms exports should go to countries<br />
that hold "free and fair elections,"<br />
Waters ad<strong>de</strong>d. The arms should not go to<br />
countries that "en!zagein gross violations of<br />
human rights. Wé shoulâ also make sure<br />
that U.S. arms should not go to countries<br />
that do not engage in illegal acts of armed<br />
aggression." Thus the McKinney amendment<br />
would provi<strong>de</strong> "a moral test to U.S.<br />
foreign policy," she said. ,<br />
The House will reconvene to <strong>de</strong>bate other<br />
amendments, including one submitted by<br />
Rep. Bob Andrews (D-N]) which proposes<br />
to withhold $500,000 from U.S. assistance<br />
for each day Turkey refuses to mak~ any<br />
progressona number of human nghts<br />
issues concerning Cyprus and the Orthooox<br />
Greek Patriarchate.<br />
The <strong>de</strong>liberations on HR 1561, som<strong>et</strong>imes<br />
also mistakenly referred to as the<br />
"Foreign Aid Bill," were scheduled to end<br />
at 2:30 p.m. on Thursday after a total of 10<br />
hours of discussion on the new amendments<br />
proposed.<br />
State Department responds<br />
The U.S. State Department has registered<br />
its strong oppositIon to the McKinney<br />
amendment to link arms sales to human<br />
rights. "Our po,sition is that we bave very<br />
strong relations with Turkey, that Turkey IS<br />
a strategic ally, that we see no reason to<br />
change the fundamental nature of our relationship<br />
with Turkey as a result of any,<br />
actions in the past couple of months; ,<br />
spokesman Nick Burns saia.<br />
"Turkey has withdrawn its forces from<br />
northern Iraq. We were <strong>de</strong>lighted to see<br />
that. We stanii ready to work with Turkey<br />
on a host of problems that confront both<br />
Turkey and tlie United States in southeast<br />
Europe. Turkey is a valued ally. We don't<br />
support any move to <strong>de</strong>crease U.S. military<br />
or economic or political cooperation with<br />
Turkey," Burns conclu<strong>de</strong>d.<br />
97
REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ~RNISTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZETÏ<br />
18 Turkish Probe May 26,1995<br />
Human Bights Diary<br />
Turkey <strong>de</strong>lays freedom of expression reform- Turkey has<br />
<strong>de</strong>layed plans to ease a law restricting freedom of expression, part of<br />
<strong>de</strong>mocracy reforms urged by the West, until after local by-elections in<br />
June, Cabin<strong>et</strong> Minister Necm<strong>et</strong>tin Cevheri said on May 18.<br />
"We have left it until after the June 4 elections because my colleagues are<br />
going to be working on the elections and g<strong>et</strong>ting people tog<strong>et</strong>her will be impossible,"<br />
Cevheri, whose portfolio inclu<strong>de</strong>s coordinating government policy, told Reuters.<br />
The government has only untillate next month to carry out a pledge to scrap or amend<br />
Articl~ 8 of the Anti-Terror Law, before a three-month summer recess. Article 8 bans "separatist<br />
propaganda,~ a catch-all phrase often applied to domestic critics of Turkey's treatment of<br />
. its minority Kurdish population.<br />
Turkish law blocks Kurdish-language education and television and radio broadcasts. Writers on<br />
Kurdish history, culture or politics are often taken to court un<strong>de</strong>r Article.8 or other laws limiting freedom<br />
of expression. The European Parliament has warned it will v<strong>et</strong>o a planned customs union b<strong>et</strong>ween Turkey<br />
and the European Union in the autumn unless Turkey improves its human rights and <strong>de</strong>mocracy record.<br />
Prime Minister Tansu Çiller and her social <strong>de</strong>mocrat coalition partners last month agreed in principle to do<br />
away with Article 8. But Çiller faces opposition to reforms from hard-line MPs within her own party who say<br />
Turkey cannot afford to lift restrictions on freedom of expression while the country is fighting rebel Kurds in<br />
the Southeast. Human rights officials say over 100 authors, aca<strong>de</strong>mics, journalists and others are in jail for<br />
saying or writing som<strong>et</strong>hing contrary to official views, usually about the Kurdish problem.(Reuters, May 18)<br />
Human rights activists tried by military court- The trial against seven executives of the Human Rights<br />
Association's (IHD) Bursa branch started on May 23 at a military court in Ankara. They are charged with "discouraging<br />
people from doing their military service."<br />
Muhammed Aydin, Lütti Kurtulu~, Hldlr Gültepe, Handan Erucar, 1~llay Irmak and Turan Akyüz were all<br />
present at the courtroom. Ayhan Diken did not participate in the first hearing. The <strong>de</strong>fendants <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>d to<br />
be tried in civil court, claiming that "only the civil courts can try civilians," and said that they were not guilty.<br />
But the request was opposed by the prosecutor ançl the military court <strong>de</strong>ci<strong>de</strong>d to continue the trial,which<br />
was postponed until July 27 to collect evi<strong>de</strong>nce and take Diken's testimony. The case against the IHD Bursa<br />
branch executives was launched first by a Bursa civil court following a ceremony in Bursa which took place<br />
in January 1993. According to the indictment, human rights activists were accused of waving placards saying,<br />
"Don't do your military service", and starting a signature campaign against military service.<br />
The Bursa civil court <strong>de</strong>ci<strong>de</strong>d to send the case to the Istanbul State Security Court (DGM) since the crime<br />
was connected to the support of terrorism, but the Istanbul DGM also <strong>de</strong>ci<strong>de</strong>d it was not its duty to hear such<br />
a case, and sent it to the Ankara military court. If found guilty, the activists could be sentenced to b<strong>et</strong>ween<br />
two months and two years in prison.(Turkish Daily News, May 24)<br />
Beating charges against policemen dismissed- The Ankara Criminal Court on May 23 dismissed, for lack<br />
of evi<strong>de</strong>nce, charges brought against policemen Mehm<strong>et</strong> Okur and Miktad Budak alleging that they had<br />
beaten up Salman Kaya, Ankara <strong>de</strong>puty of the Republican People's Party (CHP). The inci<strong>de</strong>nt occurred during<br />
1994 May Day <strong>de</strong>monstrations in Ankara when Salman Kaya, while trying to stop police attacking<br />
<strong>de</strong>monstrators, was beaten up by men he claimed were un<strong>de</strong>rcover agents. The presiding judge said there<br />
was no compelling and persuasive evi<strong>de</strong>nce to indicate that the police were guilty and therefore dismissed<br />
the charges. An Interior Ministry investigation implicated Mikdat Budak and Süleyman Yalman as being<br />
involved in the beating of Kaya and they were charged accordingly. If they had been convicted they would<br />
have faced prison terms of b<strong>et</strong>ween three months and three years. (Turkish Daily News, May 24)<br />
HacaloOlu: alarming forensic medicine examinations- Algan HacaloQlu, state minister responsible for<br />
human rights, said while visiting the <strong>Institut</strong>e of Forensic Medicine in Istanbul on May 23 that forensic examination<br />
of 295 uni<strong>de</strong>ntified corpses had revealed that their <strong>de</strong>aths had not been from natural causes.<br />
HacaloQlu, commenting on the' case of Hasan Oca'k, said that he attached no blame to the forensic<br />
<strong>de</strong>partment but that there was a gap in the chain b<strong>et</strong>ween the prosecutor's office, forensic medicine<br />
officials and the police <strong>de</strong>partment. ,<br />
He said that Hasan Ocak died as a result of torture or "at least his <strong>de</strong>ath was not from natural<br />
causes." Twenty-nine year-old Hasan Ocak disappeared in Istanbul on March 21,<br />
and his <strong>de</strong>ad body was found later in the Beykoz district. The body was examined by<br />
the forensic <strong>de</strong>partment and later buried, still uni<strong>de</strong>ntified. On April16 his family<br />
saw a photograph taken by the forensic <strong>de</strong>partment and i<strong>de</strong>ntified the body as<br />
that of Ocak. The remains were exhumed and taken to the Gaziosmanpasa<br />
district where the family lived. HacaloQlu said the number of uni<strong>de</strong>ntified<br />
corpses had recently risen to 295 and that he would take the matter<br />
before the Cabin<strong>et</strong>. (Turkish Daily News, May 24)<br />
98
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RWISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
JUEVES 13 DE JUUO DE 1995<br />
.'"<br />
INMIGRACION<br />
Belloch autoriza la<br />
entrada <strong>de</strong> los 20<br />
refugiados turcos<br />
• Uevaban nueve dias en<br />
Barajas al dictar Interior una<br />
or<strong>de</strong>n <strong>de</strong> expulsion invalidada<br />
par la Audiencia Nacional<br />
DAVID JIMENEZ<br />
MADRID.- En 24 horas han pasado<br />
<strong>de</strong> estar a 10.000 m<strong>et</strong>ros <strong>de</strong><br />
altura viajando <strong>de</strong> regreso a su pais<br />
tras, a ser readmitidos y entrar<br />
legalmente en Espana tras su<br />
expulsion.<br />
El Ministro <strong>de</strong> Justicia e Interior,<br />
Juan Alberto Belloch autorizo<br />
ayer la entrada <strong>de</strong> los 20 refugiados,<br />
17 turcos ytres kurdos,<br />
bajo la custodia <strong>de</strong> la Cornision<br />
Espanola <strong>de</strong> Ayuda al Refugiado<br />
(CEAR) y <strong>de</strong> la Cruz Roja.<br />
Es el final <strong>de</strong> una situacion insolita.<br />
No podian entrar porque<br />
habia una or<strong>de</strong>n <strong>de</strong> expulsion firmada<br />
per el Ministerio. Tampoco<br />
podian ser expulsados al dictaminar<br />
la Audiencia Nacional su <strong>de</strong>recho<br />
a quedarse. Durante.esos nueve<br />
dias, los turcos han dormido en<br />
el aeropuerto <strong>de</strong> Barajas.<br />
La odisea <strong>de</strong> los refugiados<br />
comenzo con su expulsion la nache<br />
<strong>de</strong>i martes, diez minutos antes <strong>de</strong><br />
que lIegara el auto judicial que les<br />
permitia quedarse. Habian pasado<br />
si<strong>et</strong>e dias a la espera <strong>de</strong> que se<br />
permitiera su entrada. Una vez<br />
informados en pleno vuelo <strong>de</strong> la<br />
<strong>de</strong>cision <strong>de</strong> la Audiencia, los<br />
extranjeros se apearon en Barcelona<br />
y tomaron un nuevo avion <strong>de</strong><br />
regreso a la capital. La «pelota»<br />
quedo entonces en el tejado <strong>de</strong>i<br />
Ministerio <strong>de</strong> Justicia e Interior.<br />
Finalmente, cinco <strong>de</strong> 'ellos se<br />
quedaran en Madrid bajo la tutela<br />
<strong>de</strong> la Cruz Roja. Uno <strong>de</strong> ellos es<br />
un nino que se encuentra hospitalizado<br />
por una neumonia. El resto,<br />
seran trasladados a un centro<br />
<strong>de</strong> refugiados <strong>de</strong> Malaga.<br />
EL MUNDa 27.5.1995<br />
I<br />
Protestas diplomaticas<br />
logran censurar una<br />
exposici6n sobre kurdos<br />
• la muestra, que se .exhibe en<br />
el Museo NacionaJ <strong>de</strong> Etnologia,<br />
intenta explicar las senas<br />
<strong>de</strong> iclentidad <strong>de</strong> este pueblo<br />
EL MUNDa<br />
MADRID.- La d.•eccion <strong>de</strong> Bellas<br />
Artes <strong>de</strong>i Ministerio <strong>de</strong> Cultura ha<br />
o.r<strong>de</strong>nado r<strong>et</strong>irar la paI}carta anun-<br />
CIadora <strong>de</strong> la exposicion cultural<br />
sobre el pueblo kurdo, colocada<br />
en la fachada <strong>de</strong>I Museo Nacional<br />
<strong>de</strong> Etnologia <strong>de</strong> Madrid, tras una<br />
protesta diplomatica <strong>de</strong> «una<br />
e~bajada extranjera», que fue asumlda<br />
y transmitida al Ministerio<br />
<strong>de</strong> Cultura por el Ministerio <strong>de</strong><br />
Asuntos Exteriores.<br />
. El origen <strong>de</strong>l inci<strong>de</strong>ntediplomatlCO<br />
que ha provocado este acto<br />
<strong>de</strong> censura esta. en laexistencia<br />
<strong>de</strong> la propia exposicion, inaugurada.<br />
el. pasado 18 <strong>de</strong> mayo y cuyo<br />
bJ<strong>et</strong>lvoes mostrar al pueblo espanol<br />
las senas <strong>de</strong> i<strong>de</strong>ntidad <strong>de</strong> la<br />
<strong>et</strong>nia kurda. También ha influido<br />
en la protesta diplomatica en la<br />
queja <strong>de</strong> Asuntos Exteriores que<br />
en la pancarta anunciadora, <strong>de</strong>'<br />
gran tamano y visible frente a la<br />
madrilena estacion <strong>de</strong> Atocha, se<br />
utilizara la palabra «Kurdistan» y<br />
la frase «una mirada a un pais<br />
prohibido».<br />
En este sentido, el Ministerio <strong>de</strong><br />
Asuntos Exteriores, al transmitir la<br />
protesta diplomatica al <strong>de</strong> Cultura<br />
indico la conveniencia <strong>de</strong> r<strong>et</strong>ira;<br />
algun~s obj<strong>et</strong>os que se pue <strong>de</strong>n<br />
apreclar en la propia muestra a<br />
10 que la direccion <strong>de</strong> Bellas Artes<br />
se nego. Sin embargo, la direccion<br />
<strong>de</strong> Bellas Artes si ha aceptado r<strong>et</strong>ir~r<br />
la frase <strong>de</strong> la pancarta anuncladora<br />
-«Kurdistan: una mirada<br />
a un pais prohibido>)- y sustituirla<br />
pa~ otra ~enos molesta para el<br />
paIs extranJero que protesto par<br />
la exposicion.<br />
Esta exposicion es una iniciativa<br />
tomada tras la Guerra <strong>de</strong>l Golfo<br />
Pérsico par un gropo <strong>de</strong> personas<br />
para difundir entre el puebla espa~'<br />
fiaI el problema kurda, que afe.cta<br />
a 30 m1l10nes <strong>de</strong> personas divididas<br />
par las. f!onteras <strong>de</strong> Turquia, Iran,<br />
Irak, Sma y la antigua URSS. .<br />
De caracter Itinerante, la muestra<br />
ya ha recorrido una veintena<br />
<strong>de</strong> localida<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong>I Pais Vasco<br />
Catalufla, Castilla La Mancha'<br />
Comunidad Valenciana y Extre~<br />
madura, <strong>de</strong>stacando las ciuda<strong>de</strong>s<br />
<strong>de</strong> Bilbao, Pamplona, Alicante<br />
Valencia y Ciudad Real. La expo~<br />
sicion, que es la mayor muestra<br />
antropologica realizada en Espana<br />
s'obre. el pueblo kurda, recoge<br />
materiales usados par los kurdos<br />
en su vida cotidiana, asi coma<br />
ma~as,. fotograf~as, un programa<br />
audiOVIsual reahzado con musica<br />
kurda<br />
vi<strong>de</strong>os.<br />
'J .4iapositivas y varias<br />
99
REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ~RNISTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASIN OZETi<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
.<br />
SATURDAY,MAY27,I995,<br />
Tehran sees breakthrough in<br />
.. .1 . _....<br />
500,000 Iraqi Kurds its relations with Baghdad ,<br />
.<br />
Reuters<br />
face starvation<br />
Khorram said earlier on Thursday<br />
NICOSIA- Iran said talks this . that a tentative accord on the thorny<br />
week had led to a breakthrou<br />
8 h in issue ofrisoners left over from eight ~<br />
ties with itsarch-enemy Ira d al? .that years 0 war was reached but mad~<br />
'We have food rations in ~.<br />
our stores for only one I:rarations for a Baïhda VISItby no mention of plans for a VelayatI<br />
's foreigri minister adbeen com.<br />
month. l doubt that our<br />
visit. Un<strong>de</strong>r the draft agreement on .<br />
pl<strong>et</strong>ed. . , . . &risoners of war from the 1980.88<br />
food distribution program : "Preparat!o~s for th~ VlSlt of an-Ira~ war, the two si<strong>de</strong>s were to<br />
for the coming summer<br />
foreign MInIster (All Akbar) study <strong>et</strong>ailed lists of sol,diers<br />
Velayati to Baghdad have ... been .believed to have been taken pnsoner.<br />
period will be financed' ma<strong>de</strong>," Deputy Foreign Minister by the other si<strong>de</strong>, Khorram ad<strong>de</strong>d, .<br />
Agence France Presse .<br />
Hossein Sheikholeslam, wasfoted His visit was wi<strong>de</strong>ly seenasEart of<br />
. ERBn:.. About 500,000 Iraqi Kur~s could face by Tehran radio as sayi~g, He. .d not an Iranian camp~n to woo riends<br />
starvation if international donors fall to Pw for<br />
gIve a date for the VISIt,the fIrst by to break out of a .S.-imposed isola-<br />
food aid to northeriI Iraq, officials from the. odd<br />
an Iranian foreign minister since the tion espeCially after Presi<strong>de</strong>nt Bill<br />
Food Programme (WF?) w'!I1ledThursday. (<br />
1979 Islamic revolution. Clinton's ban this month on U.S.<br />
"We have food ratIons In our stores for only<br />
Important steps had been take~ to tra<strong>de</strong> and investment in Iran.<br />
improve ties b<strong>et</strong>ween the two nelghone<br />
month. I doubt that our food distribution frobors<br />
during talks, in Baghda~ by a~<br />
Iranian newspapers have in the last<br />
~ramme for. the coming summer period wH be few dar been tryinî to convince the<br />
Iranian <strong>de</strong>legatIOn, he saId. Ah bulk 0<br />
manced," P<strong>et</strong>er Forster northern coordinator for Iranians sti I hostile to Iraq<br />
Khorram, a senior advisor to<br />
the UN group told AFP,. . • ."<br />
after its 1980 invasion that reconcili-<br />
Velayati, visited Baghdad at the head<br />
"If that is the case we wIll have to stop It, he<br />
ation with Baghdad was possible.<br />
of an II-member mission. An Iraqi Khorram said the accord, y<strong>et</strong> to be<br />
ad<strong>de</strong>d. "People are so h~ngry ~d <strong>de</strong>sperate that <strong>de</strong>legation would soon visit Iran to<br />
they have started <strong>de</strong>stroYIn~ theIr concr<strong>et</strong>e houses<br />
a~proved by bothsi<strong>de</strong>s, could solve<br />
contInue the talks, Skeikholeslam t e long-standing conflict over 'Yar<br />
to sell iron bars and blocks. ' . ad<strong>de</strong>d, prisoners, one of several outstandmg<br />
Lack of fundshave already forced the WFP to . Velayati was quoted by Iran' s Issues from the <strong>de</strong>vastating war.<br />
cu~ the number ofdOàple receiving monthly food news a~ency IRNA as saying the two Tehran <strong>de</strong>mandsthat Baghdad<br />
ratIOnsfrom 471,0 to 350,000. , . countrIes should "broa<strong>de</strong>n their should free thO\~sands of prisoners.<br />
Despe~~tepare~ts have offered their children to mutual relations". He ma<strong>de</strong> no refer- Baghdad <strong>de</strong>nies holding any<br />
rich famIlieshopmg they rrnght be fed, and some enœ to a visit to Iraq. Iranians.. ..<br />
have even had to be st~ped<br />
from poisoning their<br />
offspring, Kurdish of Icials and resi<strong>de</strong>nts told<br />
AFP.<br />
. "What we distributed last month did not cover<br />
the basic needs, nor did it the month before,"<br />
LE MONDE - 27 mai 1995<br />
Abdirahrnan Meygag, head of the Erbil branch of<br />
the WFP, said.<br />
Necim Omar Surtshi, secr<strong>et</strong>ary of the<br />
Conservative Party of Kurdistan(CPK), said some<br />
p'arents had offered their children to rich families<br />
,'not as slaves, but in the hope that rich people will<br />
• TURQUIE: vingt à trente refeed<br />
them," belles kur<strong>de</strong>s ont 4!t4!.tués <strong>et</strong><br />
In Beneslawa, in the Erb~l ~overno~ate, ~athers une qüarantaine interpellés au,<br />
had been stopped from kIllIng theIr chIldren cours <strong>de</strong> plusieurs opérations mi-<br />
because they could not feed them, resi<strong>de</strong>~ts said,.<br />
Iitaires, mercredi 24 mai, dans ..<br />
Neciba Azid 37 a mother of three children SItdifférentes<br />
sources.<br />
l'est <strong>et</strong> .le sud-est du pays, selon<br />
ting in an emtty house in Beneslawa, <strong>de</strong>scribed .Par ailleurs, au moins sept per ..<br />
her family's p 'ght. "For the last threemonths we sonnes sont mortes, jeudi 25 mai,<br />
have been livrng on bread'and water ..<br />
lprs <strong>de</strong> l'explosion d'une bombe:<br />
There were many days when we had nothing to près d'une école primaire dans l~<br />
eat" she said. She andother women confIrmed centre-ville. <strong>de</strong> Batman, dans Ie:<br />
that some parents offered their children to wealthy . sud-est <strong>de</strong> la Turquie. - (AFP'<br />
~eople to work for food. ~aci Hamma Ali R~a,<br />
. 0, said he had only, SUrvIved s~ .far by se~IIng<br />
almost all his posseSSIOns:a televlSlon, a refriger-.<br />
ator and mattresses.. .<br />
"People have no h0e.e. There' s no work, we<br />
own no land" he said. Som<strong>et</strong>imes th? don't see<br />
i<br />
any' other s~lution than g<strong>et</strong>ting rid 0 their own<br />
children. In their eyes, killin~s<br />
sending them into the town tog."<br />
still b<strong>et</strong>ter then<br />
Reuter.)<br />
"<br />
100
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO<br />
DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZET;<br />
Turkisb Daily News<br />
SATURDAY,MAY27,1995<br />
; Foreign Aid Bill vote postponed to June 6<br />
"<br />
By U~ur Akmel<br />
Turkish Daily N~s<br />
WASHINGTON- The US House of<br />
Reeresentatives has <strong>de</strong>ci<strong>de</strong>d to postpone the final<br />
votmg on the American Overseas Interest Act of<br />
1995 (H.R. 1561) to June 6. The bill is also<br />
referred as the Foreign Aid Bill, although it also<br />
covers a vast reorganization of the US State<br />
Department and the amendment of almost every<br />
existing law pertaining to US foreign policy. The<br />
<strong>de</strong>lay has been linked to Presi<strong>de</strong>nt Clinton's<br />
threat that he would v<strong>et</strong>o the bill in its current<br />
form.<br />
Lack of time to <strong>de</strong>bate all the amendments has<br />
reportedly been another factor leading tothe<br />
<strong>de</strong>cision for postponement. There are currently<br />
65 amendments on record which are awaiting<br />
floor <strong>de</strong>bate. When the initiallimit of 10 hours<br />
for <strong>de</strong>bate was exhausted, a request was ma<strong>de</strong> for<br />
six more hours. The House Rules Committee m<strong>et</strong><br />
and agreed the extension by a vote of seven to<br />
three. The markup of the Senate version of the<br />
bill at the Senate Appropriations Foreign<br />
Operations subcommittee has also been postponed<br />
to June. .<br />
HR 1561 inclu<strong>de</strong>s a "Humanitarian Aid<br />
Corridor Act" amendment that would bar US<br />
assistance to Turkey, unless Turkey lifts the<br />
embargo on Armenia.<br />
Another amendment which would have<br />
impacted on Turkey proposed to link human<br />
rights to US arms transfers, but was <strong>de</strong>feated on<br />
Wednesday by 262 votes to 157.<br />
One other important amendment waiting in the<br />
wings ~roposes to withhold $500,000 a day from<br />
US asSIstanc<strong>et</strong>o Turkey unless Turkey improves<br />
its record on human rights, Cyprus and the Fener<br />
Orthodox Patriarchate (which was initially introduced<br />
as HR 1274 "Turkish Human Rights<br />
Compliance Act"). When the House reconvenes<br />
in June it will vote on this amendment.<br />
$320 million for Turkey<br />
If and when it is approved by the House, the<br />
bill will authorize loans worth $224 million for<br />
Greece and $320 million for Turkey in the financial<br />
rear 1996, corresponding to the "subsidy<br />
cost' levels of $26.62 million for Greece and<br />
$37.8 million for Turkey in the same fmancial<br />
year. The subsidy cost is the real cost of these<br />
loans to the American taxpayers. This year the<br />
subsidy cost levels are lower "because interest<br />
costs were lower and the credit ratings of these<br />
House of Representatives offers<br />
$320 million for Turkey<br />
countries were higher," according to the House<br />
report on HR 1561. The proposed amounts maintam<br />
the 7-to-10 ratio b<strong>et</strong>ween the level of US<br />
assistance given to Greece and Turkey.<br />
The amounts authorized by. the House for the<br />
financial year 1996 are 28.8 percent lower than<br />
the $315 million fdr Greece and the $450 million<br />
for Turkey which were originally requested by<br />
the Administration.<br />
The total subsidy cost authorized by the<br />
Administration for both Turkey and Greece was<br />
$89.89 million. The levels in the financial year<br />
1995 (the n<strong>et</strong> levels excluding the 10 percent<br />
conditioned for both countries), are $229 million<br />
for Greece and $328 million for Turkey. Thus the<br />
levels proposed for next year are almost i<strong>de</strong>ntical<br />
to the levels this year.<br />
The House report on HR 1561 says "the<br />
[International Relations] Committee's recommen<strong>de</strong>d<br />
level of funding for Turkey compl<strong>et</strong>es<br />
the commitment of the U.S. for funding a joint F-<br />
16 fighter aircraft program for the Turkish Air<br />
Force."<br />
Economic Support Fund<br />
The bill propose.s $50 million in the financial<br />
year 1996 and $40 million in 1997 as an econom-<br />
IC support assistance fund (ESP) for Turkey. This<br />
is a cash credit provi<strong>de</strong>d with no strings attached.<br />
The US provi<strong>de</strong>d at least twice as much in previousyears.<br />
The International Relations Committee<br />
said "for further assistance allocations, the<br />
Committee will pay special attention to the open-<br />
ÏI!gu~ of Turkish mark<strong>et</strong>s to US goods and ser-<br />
ViceS.' -<br />
Within the context of the ESF, the Committee<br />
also stated that it is "concerned about the human<br />
rights situation in Turkey, ,Particularly government<br />
actions against journalists and others which<br />
infringe upon freedom of expression."<br />
The Committee has also gone on record that it<br />
accepts the Greek thesis that the Fener<br />
Patriarchate represents all Orthodox Christians in<br />
the world. "The Committee expresses concern<br />
regarding recent attacks on the Ecumenical<br />
Patriarchate in Istanbul, Turkey, the center for<br />
over 250 million Orthodox Christians worldwi<strong>de</strong>."<br />
Turkey does not accept the ecumenical<br />
status of the Patriarchate.<br />
Free-tra<strong>de</strong> ae:reement<br />
With Cyprus?<br />
The House also proposes to give [Greek]<br />
Cyprus $15 million as ESF in 1996 and 1997 ''to<br />
support scholarships and bicommunal projects,"<br />
like it did in the financial year 1995.<br />
The committee suggested that a free-tra<strong>de</strong><br />
agreement might be a good i<strong>de</strong>a to help Cyprus..<br />
"The Committee urges the<br />
Administration to study other ways to <strong>de</strong>monstrate<br />
and improve the close ties b<strong>et</strong>ween the U.S.<br />
and Cyprus. One such proposal may be to study<br />
jointly the prospects for a free tra<strong>de</strong> agreement<br />
b<strong>et</strong>ween the U.S. and Cyprus."<br />
Since the late presi<strong>de</strong>nt Tur~ut OzaI's time,<br />
Turkey has always asked for ' more tra<strong>de</strong>, not<br />
aid" from the US but Washington never consi<strong>de</strong>red<br />
the prospects of a free-tra<strong>de</strong> arrangement<br />
with Turkey. The US currently has such an<br />
arrangement with Canada and Mexico ,in the<br />
NAnA agreement. .<br />
HR 1561 also proposes many sweeping<br />
changes in US foreign policy, including the<br />
amendmen( of almost all the foreign affairs related<br />
laws on the books.<br />
One such change to be ma<strong>de</strong> to the "State<br />
Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956" proposes<br />
to eliminate the Office for Democracy,<br />
Human Rights and Labor currently hea<strong>de</strong>d by<br />
Assistant Secr<strong>et</strong>ary John Shattuck, a vocal critic<br />
of human rights Violations in Turkey. Shattuck's<br />
office, if Hl 1561 is accepted by the House,<br />
would become the Bureau for Democracy,<br />
Human Rights and Labor.<br />
Shattuck' s title would be changed to<br />
Coordinator for Human Rights and Refugees and<br />
he would head the newly established Bureau of<br />
Refugees and Migration Assistance as well. The<br />
coordinator will be appointed by the Presi<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
and will carry the rank and status of "ambassador-at-large."<br />
At this point, it is not clear y<strong>et</strong> if this represents<br />
a <strong>de</strong>motion for Shattuck, who is currently<br />
not an ambassador but reports directly to<br />
Secr<strong>et</strong>ary Christopher, just like Amb. Philip<br />
Wilcox, the Coordinator for Counterterrorism. A<br />
State Department source told the TDN that<br />
Shattuck, as a coordinator, will have "prece<strong>de</strong>nce<br />
among the other Assistant Secr<strong>et</strong>aries of State"<br />
and come fourth in rank after the Secr<strong>et</strong>ary of<br />
State, the Deputy Secr<strong>et</strong>ary and the Un<strong>de</strong>r<br />
Secr<strong>et</strong>aries. Despite that, a lDN source alleged<br />
that the new "bureau" will have a smaller staff<br />
and smaller budg<strong>et</strong> to work with.<br />
101
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERifEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETÏ<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
SATURDAY,MAY27,I995<br />
.inönü urges an end to power vacullminN. Iraq<br />
Foreign minister says Operation<br />
Provi<strong>de</strong> Comfort is un<strong>de</strong>r<br />
discussion b<strong>et</strong>ween allies.<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
ANKARA- Foreign Minister Erdaltnönü said on<br />
Friday that the structure and future of Operation Provi<strong>de</strong><br />
Comfort, an allied force stationed in Turkey to protect<br />
Iraqi Kurds, was un<strong>de</strong>r discussion among Turkey and its<br />
European partners. .<br />
"We have discussed Operation Provi<strong>de</strong> Comfort with<br />
a visiting <strong>de</strong>legation from the United States, but this was<br />
just the beginning. We will continue with our tàIks,"<br />
Inönü told re~rters in his fIrst formaI press conference<br />
since taking office two months ago.. ,.<br />
. Foreign Ministry Un<strong>de</strong>rsecr<strong>et</strong>ary Oz<strong>de</strong>m Sanberk told<br />
the TON in an interview earlier in the week that Turkey<br />
wanted Operation Provi<strong>de</strong> Comfort to "have a peace<br />
perspective," in other words, to be tied to a peace plan iri<br />
Iraq.<br />
"The p,ower vacuum in northern Iraq prevents any<br />
solution, ' 1nönü said.<br />
He ruled out a redrawing of the bor<strong>de</strong>r witlÎ Iraq in a<br />
way to make monitoring easier. "That is som<strong>et</strong>hing we<br />
havenever asked our Iraqi counterparts for," lIiönü<br />
said, flatly <strong>de</strong>nying press reports that Iraq was ready for<br />
it. "How can they reply affrrmatively to a question that<br />
is not asked?"<br />
He said that he expected northern Iraqi Kurds ~oprovi<strong>de</strong><br />
security in the region. But he refused to give <strong>de</strong>tails<br />
about the ongoing talks b<strong>et</strong>ween Turkey and a visiting<br />
<strong>de</strong>legation from the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK).<br />
"In all our talks, we tell them that they should stop<br />
this fighting,"1nönü said.<br />
C',<br />
r<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
IraqiKurds to<br />
<strong>de</strong>lay elections<br />
until June 1996<br />
AgenCe France Presse .<br />
DARABAN-. Feuding<br />
Iraqi Kurd factions<br />
agreed here Saturday to postpone elections in<br />
. northern Iraq for a year and extend their parliament's<br />
mandate, an AFP correspon<strong>de</strong>nt SaId. .<br />
'. In a l5-minute session, 85 members of the<br />
105-seat assembly agreed unanimously by a<br />
show of hands to postpone the elections to June<br />
4, 1996. .<br />
The group gathered in a mosque in the remote<br />
but neutral village of Daraban, north of the main<br />
town of Arbil, for the me<strong>et</strong>ing chaired by speaker<br />
Jawar Namik.<br />
Among those present were 40 members of the<br />
Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) and the<br />
same num.b~r from.i.ts rivaI the Patriotic Union<br />
SUNDAY,MAY28.199S<br />
of Kurdistan (PUK) as well as five members of<br />
the smaIl Assyrian Movement.<br />
The parliament's term had been due to expire<br />
on June 4, three years after the assembly was<br />
fmt elected in 1992. But armed clashes b<strong>et</strong>ween<br />
the two main parties which share control in the. .<br />
parliament ma<strong>de</strong> new elections difficult to organize<br />
and threatened a collapsé of the KurdIsh'<br />
experiment in <strong>de</strong>mocracy.<br />
One member said: "Forg<strong>et</strong> elections. If we<br />
can't solve our problems now, how can we ever<br />
hold elections?'<br />
Fighting b<strong>et</strong>ween the. KDP and PUK over<br />
power and ta~ revenues since May 1994 has<br />
cost 2,000 lives, according to KurdIsh sources,<br />
and left the region split with each faction controlling<br />
pne part. .<br />
The KDP said earlier that "a neutrallocation<br />
for the session was agreed upon for security<br />
purposes." .<br />
The parliament, which is not internationally<br />
recofDlzed, is based in Arbil, which has been<br />
un<strong>de</strong>r PUK control since December. It has<br />
stopped me<strong>et</strong>ing since the PUK captured the<br />
town from the KDP.<br />
.'<br />
.. Northern Iraq has been un<strong>de</strong>r Kurdish control,<br />
in <strong>de</strong>fiance of Baghdad, since the end of<br />
the Gulf war for Kuwait in 1991. .<br />
102
REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ~RIVISTA<br />
STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZETi<br />
A- -F- -P-::--.-.::.A- -F P- ---:: A .F P"--.-::.A. F .p -~-:: A .F .p --:: A- -F -P- ----:<br />
ECF0310 3 F 0572 Cay- /AFP-BJ65<br />
Eco.<br />
Irak: Saddam Hussein face aux plus graves émeutes <strong>de</strong>puis la défaite<br />
• • -.. •<br />
DUBAI, 29 mai (AFP) - Les émeutes qui ont éclaté à la mi-mai dans le<br />
gouvernorat d'Anbar, à l'ouest <strong>de</strong> Bagdad, constituent pour le régime <strong>de</strong><br />
Saddam<br />
au sud<br />
Hussein le plus grave<br />
<strong>et</strong> au nord du pays.<br />
soulèvement <strong>de</strong>puis les insurrections <strong>de</strong> 1991<br />
Selon <strong>de</strong>s voyageurs en provenance. d'Irak <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s diplomates arabes à<br />
Bagdad, ces émeutes ont éclaté le 17 mai dans la ville <strong>de</strong> Ramadi avant <strong>de</strong><br />
s'étendre à plusieurs localités du gouvernorat, considéré comme l'un <strong>de</strong>s<br />
bastions du régime.<br />
Une trentaine <strong>de</strong> personnes, en majorité d'une puissante famille sunnite<br />
irakienne, ont été tuées <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s centaines d'autres, dont <strong>de</strong>s fonctionnaires<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'Etat, ont été blessées, selon ces voyageurs.<br />
Ces émeutes se sont pro~uites<br />
à sa famille du corps du général<br />
peu après<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'armée<br />
la restitution par<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'air Mohammad<br />
les autorités<br />
Mazloum<br />
al-Doulaïmi, arrêté fin 1994 pour "complicité dans une tentative <strong>de</strong> coup<br />
d'Etat" •<br />
C'est la première fois, <strong>de</strong>puis les insurrections <strong>de</strong> mars 1991 dans la<br />
foulée <strong>de</strong> la défaite irakienne dans la guerre du Golfe, que <strong>de</strong>s émeutes<br />
éclatent dans un gouvernorat généralement fidèle au prési<strong>de</strong>nt irakien.<br />
Les soulèvements <strong>de</strong> 1991 avaient eu pour théâtre pendant plusieurs<br />
semaines le sud <strong>de</strong> l'Irak, à majorité chiite, <strong>et</strong> le nord du pays, à<br />
population kur<strong>de</strong>.<br />
Le pouvoir central avait cependant rétabli son autorité au prix d'une<br />
sanglante répression. Pour protéger ces populations, les Etats-Unis, la<br />
Gran<strong>de</strong>-Br<strong>et</strong>agne <strong>et</strong> la France avaient interdit le survol <strong>de</strong> ces zones par<br />
l'aviation irakienne.<br />
Près <strong>de</strong> cinq<br />
venir à bout <strong>de</strong><br />
ans après la<br />
la résistance<br />
guerre du Golfe, Bagdad tente<br />
chiite qui persiste notamment<br />
toujours<br />
dans la<br />
<strong>de</strong><br />
zone<br />
<strong>de</strong>s marais (35.000<br />
villes <strong>de</strong> Bassorah,<br />
km2) comprise dans le grand<br />
Al-Amara <strong>et</strong> Nassiriyah.<br />
triangle que forment les<br />
L'opposition irakienne, notamment<br />
coalition <strong>de</strong> groupes d'opposition),<br />
le Congrès National<br />
a annoncé plusieurs<br />
Irakien JCNI,<br />
tentatives <strong>de</strong> coup<br />
d'Etat contre le régime <strong>de</strong> Saddam Hussein <strong>et</strong> fait état <strong>de</strong> violentes<br />
répressions, en particulier contre les populations arabes chiites, qui<br />
constituent entre 45 <strong>et</strong> 60% <strong>de</strong>s 18 millions d'Irakiens.<br />
Ainsi, en 1993 <strong>et</strong> 1994, le CNI avait fait état <strong>de</strong> plusieurs offensives<br />
{r,akiennes contre la population <strong>de</strong>s marais, affirmant que les troup~s<br />
irakiennes ont fait usage d '.armes chimiques.<br />
En novembr'e 1994, le CNI avait annoncé l'arrestation <strong>de</strong> plus <strong>de</strong> -1. 000<br />
personnes dans diverses régions <strong>de</strong> l'Irak, parmi lesquelles un certain<br />
nombre<br />
mQtifs<br />
d'officiers <strong>de</strong> l'armée,<br />
<strong>de</strong> ces arrestations. Le<br />
sans toutefois préciser la<br />
CNI cite le nom <strong>de</strong> Mohammed<br />
date ou<br />
Mazloum<br />
les<br />
al-Douleimi, commandant <strong>de</strong> la base aérienne al-Bakr, au nord <strong>de</strong> Bagdad.<br />
Pour sa part, la presse occi<strong>de</strong>ntale a fait état <strong>de</strong> plusieurs tentatives<br />
<strong>de</strong> coup d'Etat, attribuées pour la plupart<br />
collaborateurs <strong>de</strong> Saddam Hussein. L'une <strong>de</strong><br />
à <strong>de</strong>s militaires<br />
ces tentatives,<br />
ou <strong>de</strong>s<br />
révélée<br />
proches<br />
en<br />
juill<strong>et</strong> 1992<br />
responsables<br />
par la presse<br />
américains.<br />
américaine, avait été confirmée par <strong>de</strong> hauts<br />
Depuis la guerre du Golfe, plusieurs ambassa<strong>de</strong>urs, anciens ministres <strong>et</strong><br />
hauts<br />
rangs<br />
dignitaires du régime<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'opposition.<br />
ont fait défection <strong>et</strong> rejoint avec éclat les<br />
Des rumeurs ont aussi fait état d'un attentat contre Oudaï, fils aîné <strong>de</strong><br />
Saddam Hussein, qui, se sentant autant menacé que son père, aurait<br />
multiplié les subterfuges pour se protéger.<br />
HT/jeb/jef<br />
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103
REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ~RIVISTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZETi<br />
Kurdish 'parliament- in-exile'<br />
to convene again in twomonths<br />
Executive Council Chairman<br />
Aydar: We have no problem<br />
in finding a place to me<strong>et</strong><br />
IBy Aytül Gürta~<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
ANKARA- Zübeyïr Aydar, the chainnan of the<br />
executive council of the so-called Kurdish "parlia-<br />
. ment-in-exile" fanned on A'pril 12 in The Hague,<br />
said, in a telephone interview from Brussels on<br />
Sunday, that the assembly will convene again on July<br />
12 and that he did not foresee any problem in fInding<br />
.a me<strong>et</strong>ing place. .<br />
Aydar, In answer to a question from the Turkish<br />
Daily News, said that, according to its bylaws, the<br />
parliament should convené every three months, and<br />
the second me<strong>et</strong>ing was plarmed for July, presumably<br />
somewhere in Europe. ..<br />
"The laws of many European countries allow such<br />
me<strong>et</strong>ings, provi<strong>de</strong>d they do not violate certain rules,<br />
and therefore we will have no difficulty finding a<br />
place to convene" said Aydar. Turkey strongly<br />
protested- aaainst the holding of the fITStme<strong>et</strong>ing of<br />
the so-calfed Kurdish parliament-in-exile in the<br />
N<strong>et</strong>herlands in April. As a result relations b<strong>et</strong>ween<br />
the countries became strained and Turkey put the<br />
N<strong>et</strong>herlands on its "red list."<br />
At the end of the its flfst four-day, me<strong>et</strong>ing the parliament<br />
fonned an executive council of 15, Including<br />
Turkey's now barmed pro-Kurdish Democracl Party<br />
(DEP) <strong>de</strong>puties, and representatives of the National<br />
Liberation front (ERNK), the political wing of the<br />
outlawed Kurdistan Worker's Party (PKK).<br />
Aydar, a fonner DEP <strong>de</strong>puty, said that the chief<br />
objective of the parliament was to gain observer status<br />
at the United Nations.. . .<br />
"We are continuing our diplomatic activities<br />
throughout the world, including European Union<br />
bodies and the other international orgamzations. We<br />
want the Kurds to be represented in the United<br />
Nations and as a parliament-in-exile we are ready for<br />
this," Aydar stateâ. .<br />
He repeated the call on international bodies to put<br />
pressure on Turkey for a peaceful solution to the<br />
Kurdish problem. Talking about the other activities<br />
of the executive council, Zübeyir Aydar said that<br />
they had <strong>de</strong>ci<strong>de</strong>d to launch a campaign for cultural<br />
i<strong>de</strong>ntity, and specifically the promotion of the<br />
Kurdish language. .. .<br />
"Our council will do its best for everyone in.<br />
Kurdistan to be allowed to speak their mother tongue<br />
and be educated in Kurdish: ln that context we call<br />
Zübeyir Aydar<br />
on all Kurds to speak KÙl"dish,think in Kurdish and<br />
read in Kurdish," Aydar ad<strong>de</strong>d. .<br />
Meanwhile, according to Aydar, some other<br />
Kurdish factions which did not participate in the first<br />
me<strong>et</strong>ing of the exile parliament, now want to participate.<br />
.<br />
"Representatives of the Kurdistan Communist<br />
Party (KCP), from Turkey, visited us on May 25 and<br />
expressed their support for the exile ~arliament. We .<br />
have agreed that the KCP representattves could participate<br />
in the bye-election that the parliament has<br />
<strong>de</strong>cl<strong>de</strong>don.<br />
He saidthis was a sign of the increasing support of<br />
the Kurdish people for the parliament-in-exile.<br />
The grouping has been criticized in the past of<br />
being an organ of the PKK and of not giving any'<br />
space to the other Kurdish political movements.<br />
Some other groups such as the Kurdistan ~ocialist<br />
Party lea<strong>de</strong>d by mo<strong>de</strong>rate Kemal Burkay have<br />
refused to join the parliament. . .<br />
. It is being said that the other Kurdish groups are<br />
waiting to see if the parliament-in-exile gains international<br />
acceptance before <strong>de</strong>ciding on their participation.<br />
104
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASlN ÖZETÎ<br />
AFP --.=-A .. F"P'''-:.:=-A .. F"P--'--.:=-A F 'P"-.-.::A. F p.---.::A--F .p .._-_::.<br />
FRS0847 4 lA 0275 RFA /AFP-JAOl<br />
Allemagne-Turquie<br />
Conflit kur<strong>de</strong> : plainte <strong>de</strong>vant la justice contre une chaîne <strong>de</strong> TV<br />
turque<br />
DELMENHORST (Allemagne), 30 mai (AFP) - Une<br />
droits <strong>de</strong> l'Homme, MFM, a porté plainte auprès<br />
un programme <strong>de</strong> la chaîne <strong>de</strong> télévision turque<br />
dons pour les opérations militaires contre les<br />
MAI 95<br />
agence alleman<strong>de</strong> pour les<br />
du parqu<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> Berlin contre<br />
TRT.INT qui appelle à <strong>de</strong>s<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>s, a annoncé MFM mardi<br />
à'Delmenhorst (nord).<br />
La chaîne publique turque TRT.INT, diffusée sur le câble en Allemagne,<br />
est mise en cause à propos d'une émission qui a commencé fin avril à<br />
appeler à <strong>de</strong>s dons pour l'armée turque engagée du 20 mars au 2 mai contre<br />
les Kur<strong>de</strong>s dans le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak. C<strong>et</strong>te émission se poursuit<br />
sporadiquement.<br />
L'agence MFM, spécialisée dans les médias, a entrepris<br />
faute d'une décision <strong>de</strong>s autorités alleman<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> contrôle<br />
expliqué son directeur P<strong>et</strong>er Vogel. Elle a déposé plainte<br />
c<strong>et</strong>te démarche<br />
<strong>de</strong>s médias, a<br />
pour complicité<br />
<strong>de</strong> génoci<strong>de</strong> <strong>et</strong> d'incitation à la haine raciale.<br />
Les autorités alleman<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> contrôle <strong>de</strong>s médias, saisies-<strong>de</strong> plusieurs<br />
plaintes, ont ouvert une enquête, qui n'a pas encore abouti. Les<br />
écolo-pacifistes du parti <strong>de</strong>s Verts/Alliance 90 ont exigé que la chaîne ne<br />
soit plus autorisée à ém<strong>et</strong>tre sur le câble.<br />
Près <strong>de</strong> 85% <strong>de</strong>s 1,85 million <strong>de</strong> Turcs vivant en Allemagne reçoivent<br />
TRT.INT. Aux termes <strong>de</strong>s réglementations européennes, le contrôle <strong>de</strong>s<br />
programmes d'un ém<strong>et</strong>teur étranger incombe principalement au pays d'origine<br />
sauf s'il y va <strong>de</strong> la protection <strong>de</strong> la jeunesse, <strong>de</strong> la dignité humaine ou <strong>de</strong><br />
contraintes publicitaires.<br />
La plainte a été déposée à Berlin, siège du directeur <strong>de</strong> la chaîne en<br />
Allemagne.<br />
vl/lal/jag<br />
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105
REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ-RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
DEY8EPtnYlJ'A nEMnTH 30<br />
EnIBEBAI!lNONTAI Kai ana TT]BpeTavfa ai nÀT]pocpopfeç yia Ta oépßiÇ<br />
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8ptTGYIKOU<br />
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ßavt£Â,T)C; BaÂ.?(Jo:n:ov~C;, I-Lt!- OELÇ,tLÇ 8ÉOELÇxm tOY E;mt~LotLXTj<br />
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, X~L TO'UQxtaç, :n:ot! a~oQa a- tot! PKK ota ßot!va t~ ßOQE'.-<br />
vtaÀÀayTj otQa:tLWtLXWV ;tÀT]-; ot! IQax, I-LÉowHilA, Cl'Ul-LlpWVC1<br />
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REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RlVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
MAPTIOY 19ge nEMnTH 30 MAPTIOY 1995 ...... POn'II ..<br />
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: moew\I navw ano TOßopeiO IpaK<br />
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REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RlVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETÎ<br />
• AI"KYPA<br />
.1:::~~~X:O~~~l]~~t~~~<br />
~tTJV ElOßOÀT](l't0 ßOQEW IQux ÉxavE<br />
XeEÇ l] TouQxLa o:/tou EI,upavL1;E'wl ÔlU-<br />
(l'taOl] (l'tOUç xoÀ1touç tTJç xußÉQVl]Ol]ç<br />
alla xm aVU!lEOa OtTJv xußÉQVTIOl] xm<br />
'touç (l'tQa'tlOYtlxoUÇ OXE1:lXU!tE 'tO'tl :/tQÉ-<br />
:/tELva l'LVEl (l't0 ßOQEW IQux.<br />
Onwç a:/tox
Persécution <strong>de</strong>s<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>s d'Irak<br />
--'<br />
UJ<br />
ii:<br />
I-<br />
U)<br />
UJ<br />
~<br />
ii:<br />
I-<br />
Un pays aux droits élémentaires <strong>de</strong> dignité bafoués où les invasions <strong>et</strong> les bombar<strong>de</strong>ments<br />
continuent à toucher <strong>et</strong> à tuer une population civile traquée. Il est même impossible <strong>de</strong> soigner<br />
sans protection.<br />
Un peuple<br />
persécuté<br />
<strong>de</strong>puis plus<br />
<strong>de</strong> dix ans.<br />
<strong>et</strong><br />
ci<br />
."<br />
SYRIE<br />
ARABIE<br />
SAOUDITE<br />
Le 20 mars, 35 000 soldats<br />
turcs appuyés par <strong>de</strong>s avions <strong>et</strong><br />
<strong>de</strong>s blindés pénètrent dans le nord<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'Irak. Objectif: détruire les<br />
bases arrière du PKK, une organisation<br />
séparatiste kur<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />
Turquie qui mène <strong>de</strong>s opérations<br />
<strong>de</strong> lutte armée à partir du territoire<br />
irakien. En théorie, l'opération<br />
Acier, qui se déroule dans <strong>de</strong>s<br />
montagnes presque désertes, ne<br />
touche pas la population civile.<br />
C'est faux. Nous l'avons constaté.<br />
Le jour <strong>de</strong> l'invasion, une <strong>de</strong> nos<br />
équipes mobiles travaillait dans<br />
une val.lée proche <strong>de</strong> Raniyah,<br />
une ville irakienne <strong>de</strong> 70 000 habitants,<br />
où nous sommes installéE<br />
<strong>de</strong>puis la guerre du Golfe. Au programme<br />
: vaccinations <strong>et</strong> consultations<br />
maternelles <strong>et</strong> infantiles .<br />
Dans ces régions reculées, il est,<br />
plus qu'ailleurs encore, important<br />
<strong>de</strong> détecter les grossesses à<br />
problèmes ou simplement <strong>de</strong><br />
suivre les enfants <strong>et</strong> les jeunes<br />
mères. Une heure après notre<br />
départ, une bombe tombait sur le<br />
village. Bilan : sept blessés <strong>et</strong> un<br />
mort, une bergère <strong>de</strong> quinze ans.<br />
Les bombar<strong>de</strong>ments ont fait<br />
d'autres victimes. Mais il nous est<br />
109
REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ~RlVISTA<br />
STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZET;<br />
difficile d'aller vérifier sur place, <strong>de</strong><br />
savoir ce qui se passe réellement.<br />
Nous sommes coincés loin <strong>de</strong> la<br />
ligne <strong>de</strong> front. Pourquoi ? Parce<br />
que nous sommes implantés au<br />
sud-est du pays, dans une zone<br />
contrôlée par le PUK (Union<br />
patriotique kur<strong>de</strong>), frère ennemi du<br />
PDK (Parti démocrate kur<strong>de</strong>) qui<br />
tient le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak, lieu <strong>de</strong><br />
l'invasion turque. Le pays est tellement<br />
peu sûr que nous ne pouvons<br />
soigner que sous protection.<br />
A l'hôpital <strong>de</strong> Raniyah, les militants<br />
du PUK ne nous quittent pas<br />
d'un pouce. Nous opérons un<br />
Dix années d'action<br />
gosse qui a sauté sur une <strong>de</strong>s<br />
innombrables mines qui pourrissent<br />
le pays, nous intervenons<br />
pour une crise d'appendicite<br />
aiguë, nous accouchons <strong>de</strong>s<br />
femmes dans le service d'obstétrique<br />
nouvellement créé, ils sont<br />
là pour nous éviter un éventuel<br />
coup <strong>de</strong> poignard. Nous sillonnons<br />
les camps <strong>de</strong> réfugiés <strong>et</strong> les<br />
villages <strong>de</strong> montagne pour former<br />
<strong>de</strong>s agents <strong>de</strong> santé primaires <strong>et</strong><br />
soigner les populations isolées, ils<br />
nous suivent pour nous éviter<br />
agressions <strong>et</strong> embusca<strong>de</strong>s. Si<br />
nous voulons aller dans le Nord,<br />
fief du PDK, évaluer la situation,<br />
nous ne pourrons le faire sans<br />
m<strong>et</strong>tre en danger la vie <strong>de</strong> nos<br />
gar<strong>de</strong>s du corps du PUK. Que<br />
Nous sommes présents au Kurdistan <strong>de</strong>puis 1984. Notre première mission<br />
avait pour objectifs d'apporter une ai<strong>de</strong> chirurgicale aux blessés <strong>de</strong> guerre,<br />
<strong>de</strong> faire <strong>de</strong> l'éducation sanitaire <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> défendre une certaine idée <strong>de</strong> la<br />
démocratie: nous avons solgmj les maquisards du PDKI, parti <strong>de</strong> résistants<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>s d'Iran opposés à Khome/n/. Pendant la guerre du Golfe, nous avons<br />
assisté la population kur<strong>de</strong> d'Irak. Nous avons réhabilité l'h6pital <strong>de</strong><br />
Raniyah, pratiqué la chirurgie <strong>de</strong> guerre comme la chirurgie courante,<br />
organisé <strong>de</strong>s consultations itinérantes <strong>et</strong> soigné dans les camps <strong>de</strong> réfugiés.<br />
Aujourd'hui, nous venons d'ouvrir une maternité à l'h6pital <strong>de</strong> Raniyah <strong>et</strong><br />
nous sommes implantés dans un vaste périmètre autour <strong>de</strong> la ville.<br />
faire? Pour l'instant, recueillir <strong>de</strong>s<br />
informations. Profitant d'un<br />
cessez-le-feu temporaire entre<br />
les <strong>de</strong>ux factions rivales, nous<br />
avons fait le tour <strong>de</strong>s hôpitaux <strong>de</strong><br />
la région. A Amâdiyah, l'association<br />
Equilibre nous a parlé <strong>de</strong> six<br />
blessés qui avaient été brûlés<br />
avec <strong>de</strong>s cigar<strong>et</strong>tes, emprisonnés<br />
pendant sept jours puis j<strong>et</strong>és hors<br />
d'un hélicoptère volant à faible<br />
altitu<strong>de</strong>. Le plus inquiétant reste<br />
l'absence <strong>de</strong> blessés dans les<br />
dispensaires. On suppose que les<br />
bombar<strong>de</strong>ments ont fait <strong>de</strong>s<br />
dizaines <strong>de</strong> victimes civiles dans la<br />
zone <strong>de</strong> friction. Où sont-elles ?,<br />
Ont-elles été achevées ? Une<br />
chose est sûre, le peuple kur<strong>de</strong><br />
continue d'être l'obj<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> persécutions<br />
systématiques. Rappelons<br />
le bilan <strong>de</strong> la politique turque à<br />
l'encontre <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s: 2 000 villages<br />
détruits, 20 000 prisonniers<br />
politiques, 10 millions d'heCtares<br />
brûlés, 3 millions <strong>de</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
déplacés. Plus que jamais, nous<br />
<strong>de</strong>vons témoigner contre c<strong>et</strong>te<br />
négation systématique <strong>de</strong>s droits<br />
élémentaires d'un peuple.<br />
KURDISTAN<br />
Parliament or propaganda<br />
ploy?<br />
The new Kurdish parliament in exile, aspiring to represent all Kurds does little to reflect the vast divisions b<strong>et</strong>ween<br />
Turkish, Iraqi, Syrian and Iranian Kurds, as Chris Kutschera reports.<br />
"1 swear to take into consi<strong>de</strong>ration the will<br />
of my people in all circumstances ... and to<br />
work for the liberation of Kurdistan". One<br />
by one, the 65 members - six women<br />
and 59 men - of the new Kurdish parliament<br />
i,n exile took the. the oath in<br />
. Kurmandji or in Soram the two main dia-<br />
• lects of the Kurdish language. After this<br />
ritual, in the Hague, which un<strong>de</strong>rlined<br />
the success of the Turkish policy of as-<br />
sirrtilation, since quite a few new <strong>de</strong>puties<br />
who usually speak Turkish stumbled<br />
on the Kurdish words, lsm<strong>et</strong> Cheriff<br />
Vanly. who, as the el<strong>de</strong>st new <strong>de</strong>puty (he<br />
was general Barzani's representative in<br />
Europe in the. 1960's), chaired the me<strong>et</strong>ing,<br />
emphasised that the "Kurdish problem<br />
was not a question of minority, but<br />
of a people entitled to freely <strong>de</strong>termine<br />
their own future"<br />
It would be easy to dismiss Uiis "parliament"<br />
asa new PKK propaganda ploy,<br />
especially given that the thevoting procedure<br />
was, at best, somewhat unorthodox.<br />
The 65 new "<strong>de</strong>puties" were elected<br />
by a body of "<strong>de</strong>legates", themselves<br />
elected b}" Kurds living in exile.' Both<br />
elections took place without any form of<br />
public scrutiny.<br />
What kind of a parliament is that?<br />
The Middle East June 1995 11<br />
110
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVLEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
Ali Sapan (left) and Sheraf<strong>et</strong>tin Kaya, the speaker of the new parliament<br />
grumbled the sceptics. But the strong reaction<br />
of both Turkey and the USA,<br />
which protested the events in The Hague,<br />
as being a s<strong>et</strong> up orchestrated by a "terrorist<br />
group", as well as the large numbers<br />
of journalists and international<br />
tele\'ision \t'MIlS that con:rcd ,he event<br />
prove that the exercise was far from being<br />
a futile one.<br />
The 65 <strong>de</strong>puties were elected to office<br />
on 26 March by some 500 <strong>de</strong>legates<br />
chosen by about 200,000 Kurds of the<br />
diaspora, living in Western Europe, Russia<br />
and the Caucasus, Australia and<br />
America.Consi<strong>de</strong>ring there are at least<br />
half a million Kurds living in Germany<br />
alone, this figure seems disproportionately<br />
small. But the Kurdish<br />
organisers appeared satisfied, claiming<br />
the German authorities tried by all means<br />
available to prevent the organisation of<br />
the elections, and actually succee<strong>de</strong>d in<br />
several cases in forbidding the political<br />
me<strong>et</strong>ings or festivals that were a cover<br />
up for the elections.<br />
Even so, not all the <strong>de</strong>puties sworn<br />
in at the Hague were selected byelected<br />
"<strong>de</strong>legates": some of them were appointed<br />
on a quota system, like four representatives<br />
of the Assyro-Chal<strong>de</strong>an<br />
minority, one Yezidi, several Alevis, and<br />
six women. The number of women representatives<br />
is surprisingly low. But,<br />
claim the organisers, this "reflects the<br />
level of social emancipation of the<br />
Kurdish diaspora which is far less <strong>de</strong>veloped<br />
than insi<strong>de</strong> the PKK", whose<br />
in exile<br />
military units inclu<strong>de</strong> b<strong>et</strong>ween one third<br />
and one quarter of women members.<br />
There is <strong>de</strong>finitely a strong PKK hard<br />
core in this new parliament, with 12 representatives<br />
of ERNK, the so-called political<br />
wing of PKK, including such<br />
heavyweights as Ali Sapan, its spokesman<br />
for Europe and the real strong man<br />
of the new parliament: Sheraf<strong>et</strong>tin Kaya,<br />
it newly elected speaker and a wealthy<br />
Kurdish businessman of the DEP, who is<br />
quite close to the PKK. The "Kurdish<br />
parliament in exile" also inclu<strong>de</strong>s six<br />
former DEP <strong>de</strong>puties and various "in<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nt"<br />
personalities -among them<br />
AbdourRahman Durre, representative of<br />
the "Kurdish Islamic Union".<br />
Clearly, the new parliament is ma<strong>de</strong><br />
up of personalities who may be consi<strong>de</strong>red<br />
to be standing within the PKK's<br />
sphere of influence. The absence of any<br />
representative of the other Kurdish political<br />
parties, such as Kemal Burkay's<br />
Kurdistan Socialist Party, is a serious<br />
shortcoming. Apparently, the KSP and<br />
the other Kurdish parties were invited to<br />
join the parliament once almost everything<br />
had been s<strong>et</strong> up. All politely <strong>de</strong>clined<br />
to sanction what was all but an<br />
"accomplished fact". However, such as<br />
it is, this assembly represents an effort<br />
by Abdulla Ocalan to wi<strong>de</strong>n his movement'<br />
s political basis.<br />
"This parliament in exile is a first step<br />
towards the creation of a national parliament",<br />
Ali Garzan, PKK representative<br />
in Europe told The Middle East. "Our aim<br />
.<br />
is not to remain in exile but to go back to<br />
Kurdistan and to s<strong>et</strong> up a Kurdish national<br />
parliament that will represent all<br />
Kurds".<br />
Despite the fact that he has spent almost<br />
half his life in Turkish jails (born in<br />
1957, he was jailed for 16years, from 1977<br />
until the end of 1993) Ali Garzan is a soft,<br />
spoken person who convincingly explains<br />
why the Kurds were forced to create<br />
this parliament in exile: "We, the<br />
Kurds, have no rightsin Turkey", he says:<br />
"Look at what happened to the DEP<br />
<strong>de</strong>puties, they hardly spoke about the<br />
Kurdish rights when they were members<br />
of the the Turkish parliament, but they<br />
are in jail"<br />
Ali Sapan, PKK spokesman for Europe,<br />
and now <strong>de</strong>puty speaker of the new<br />
parliament in exile, confirmed his conviction<br />
that there is "a difference b<strong>et</strong>ween<br />
a party and a people." "The people altog<strong>et</strong>her<br />
must be represented through all<br />
their components", he told The Middle<br />
East. "In international diplomacy, the<br />
Kurdish people will from now on have<br />
an address, which is: "Kurdish parliament<br />
in exile, Avenue Louis, Brussels.<br />
This parliament will take important <strong>de</strong>cisions,<br />
such as <strong>de</strong>ciding wh<strong>et</strong>her or not<br />
to implement a ceasefire. It is also going<br />
to be active in the economic field".<br />
When asked how the parliament in<br />
exile could claim to take any economic<br />
<strong>de</strong>cision, Ali Sapan answered: "Look, I<br />
am going to confi<strong>de</strong> this piece of news<br />
to The Middle East: I personally have already<br />
m<strong>et</strong> representatives of the World<br />
Bank to talk about the pipeline project to<br />
export Azerbaidjan' s oil through Turkey.<br />
I told them that they should g<strong>et</strong> our<br />
agreement for this project, if they want<br />
to build a pipeline through Kurdistan. If<br />
they don't g<strong>et</strong> it, we shall prevent it".<br />
Ali Sapan and his friends know that<br />
Turkey will reject the "parliament in exile"<br />
just as they forbid any form of<br />
Kurdish association. "But we shall ask<br />
them: with whom do you want to talk?<br />
Is there anybody who can represent the<br />
Kurdish people?<br />
If they want to solve the Kurdish<br />
question, they must g<strong>et</strong> intouch with this<br />
parliament ...if not, we will do everything<br />
necessary to make themchange their<br />
mind". .<br />
It is clear that the uproar raised in<br />
Europe by the Turkish invasion of Iraqi<br />
Kurdistan last March facilitates their<br />
task.<br />
•<br />
12 The Middle East June 1995<br />
111
REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ~RIVISTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZETi<br />
FRS051S'4 I 0166 IRK /AFP-VS02'<br />
Irak-Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
Combats interkur<strong>de</strong>s: le PDK prolonge la trêve jusqu'au 15 juill<strong>et</strong><br />
NICOSIE, 1er juin (AFP) - Le parti démocratique du Kurdistan irakien<br />
(PDK <strong>de</strong> Massoud Barzani) a décidé <strong>de</strong> prolonger jusqu'au 15 j~ill<strong>et</strong> la trêve<br />
dans les combats qui l'opposaient à l'Union patriotique du Kurdistan (UPK,<br />
<strong>de</strong> Jalal Talabani), a indiqué un communiqué du PDK jeudi.<br />
"Compte tenu <strong>de</strong>s intérêts supérieurs du peuple kur<strong>de</strong> <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s efforts <strong>de</strong><br />
pacification déployés par les partis kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>et</strong> les amis à l'étranger, <strong>et</strong> en<br />
vue <strong>de</strong> sauver les récoltes <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> perm<strong>et</strong>tre aux étudiants d'achever leurs<br />
examens, nous avons prolongé le cessez-le-feu jusqu'au 15 juill<strong>et</strong>", indique<br />
le<br />
texte.<br />
'Le 7,avril, le PDK avait proclamé unilatéralement un cessez-le-feu <strong>de</strong><br />
<strong>de</strong>ux semaines qu'il a ensuite prolongé jusqu'au 1er juin.<br />
"Ces initiatives visent à perm<strong>et</strong>tre aux médiateurs <strong>de</strong> parvenir à un<br />
règlement pacifique" du conflit armé qui oppose les <strong>de</strong>ux principales<br />
formations kur<strong>de</strong>s, ajoute le communiqué.<br />
ag/sl/tp/nou.<br />
AFP /j00245/01161S JON 95<br />
L'Express - ler-7 juin 1995<br />
La création d'une chaîne <strong>de</strong> télévision<br />
kur<strong>de</strong> diffusée par satellite<br />
a fait augmenter les ventes<br />
d'antennes paraboliques dans le<br />
sud-est <strong>de</strong> la Turquie. MED TV,<br />
chaîne <strong>de</strong> télévision proche <strong>de</strong>s<br />
séparatistes du PKK, ém<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />
Londres <strong>et</strong> diffuse <strong>de</strong>puis le<br />
30, mars un programme test par le<br />
biais d'Eutelsat. Ankara a protesté<br />
auprès <strong>de</strong>s autorités anglaises.<br />
HumanitéDimanche- ler-7 juin 1995<br />
TURQUIE<br />
Ankara <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> aux Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
d'Irak <strong>de</strong> cesser lefeu<br />
., La Turquie.a <strong>de</strong>mandé, hier, aux <strong>de</strong>ux partis kur<strong>de</strong>s irakiens<br />
rivaux, le Part.i démocratique du Kurdistan (PDK)<br />
lie Massoud Barzani <strong>et</strong> l'Union patriotique ,du Kurdistan<br />
:ètJPK) <strong>de</strong> Jalal Talab'ani; <strong>de</strong> prolonger leur cessez-le-feu,<br />
'qtil doit expirer le 1 er juin, afin <strong>de</strong> promouvoir la stabilit~<br />
dans le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak. « Si les aJ]'rontements reprennent, Û<br />
<strong>de</strong>viendra impossible,<strong>de</strong> préserver même une tranquillité<br />
apparente dans la région ", a déclaré un porte-parole du.<br />
ministère turc <strong>de</strong>s Affaires étrangères, Nur<strong>et</strong>tin Nurkan.<br />
Des:représentant~ du gouvernement turc avai~nt ~enconti'é"dés<br />
représëi1tantS <strong>de</strong>s '<strong>de</strong>ux partis k1lf<strong>de</strong>s lfaklensce<br />
rnols~i à' Ankara pour obtenir leur soutien dans la lutte<br />
que mène la Turquie contre ses prop~esrebenes kur<strong>de</strong>s.<br />
Midi Libre - 1er juin 1995<br />
Les vraies raisons<br />
du blocus sur le<br />
peuple irakien<br />
Depuis plus <strong>de</strong> quatre ans le blocus eS,t<br />
imposé à l'Irak (... ), alors que, dans le<br />
mon~e, les voix les plus diverses en ont<br />
dénoncé les eff<strong>et</strong>s meurtriers sur le peuple<br />
irakien. (... )<br />
S'agit-il pour l'ONU d'assurer la sé-'<br />
curité <strong>de</strong>s voisins <strong>de</strong> l'Irak <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> promouvoir<br />
la paix dans c<strong>et</strong>te région du mon<strong>de</strong>?<br />
Certainement pas alors que les<br />
Etats-Unis attisent les conflits fratrici<strong>de</strong>s<br />
,qui déchirent les Kur<strong>de</strong>s' irakiens que<br />
l'onprétendait libérer du joug <strong>de</strong> Bagdad<br />
(... ), alors que l'Occi<strong>de</strong>nt laisse en<br />
toute impunitê la répression impitoyable<br />
<strong>de</strong>s Turcs à l'égard <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong><br />
Turquie se déployer en Anatolie <strong>et</strong> en<br />
Irak, ,alors que l'Occi<strong>de</strong>nt ne fait rien<br />
pour stopper la colonisation israélienne<br />
dans les territoires occupés <strong>de</strong> Palestine<br />
<strong>et</strong> pour arrêter les bombar<strong>de</strong>ments du<br />
Sud-Liban par l'aviation israélienne. les<br />
vraies raisons du blocus n'ont rien à voir<br />
avec te discours officiel.<br />
"'<br />
112
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RWISTA STAMPA-DENTRO<br />
DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
Turkisb Daily News lHURSDAY,JUNB 1,1995<br />
.-<br />
British commentator says 'it's time to l<strong>et</strong><br />
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk rest in his tomb'<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
WASHINGTON- In an essay critical of the secular<br />
Kemalists' fear of the rise of political Islam in Turkey,<br />
NoelMalcolm, a British historian and commentator, recommen<strong>de</strong>d<br />
that "perhaps il is lime for the sake of mo<strong>de</strong>rnity<br />
and for the ordinary Muslim citizens of Turkey (most of<br />
whom want mo<strong>de</strong>rnity as well), to l<strong>et</strong> Atatürk rest in his<br />
tomb,"<br />
In his essay published in the June 12 issue of the National<br />
Review, America's foremost conservative biweekly,<br />
Malcolm summarized Atatürk' s reforms as well as the<br />
unexpected rise of the Welfare party.<br />
He said that the traditional Kemalist insistence on a<br />
homogeneous "Turkish Anatolian nationalism" - that<br />
Atatürk "invented by substituting' the compact geographical<br />
i<strong>de</strong>ntity of mo<strong>de</strong>m Turkey for the diffuse cultural-imperial<br />
thing that Ottoman civilization had heen" - is not tenable<br />
anymore.<br />
Kurdish insistence on cultural rights, thus, could not be<br />
stalled forever <strong>de</strong>spite the fact that the government had<br />
every ricl1t to fight the terrorism of the Kurdistan Workers'<br />
Party (pl
REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ~RIVISTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZETi<br />
La Turquie cherche l'appui <strong>de</strong>s partis kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
pour assurer la sécurité <strong>de</strong> sa frontière avec l'Irak<br />
,La « non-politique» <strong>de</strong>s Etats-Unis, focalisés sur le' renversement <strong>de</strong> Saddam Hussein, préoccupe Ankara<br />
'En attendant une éventuelle levée <strong>de</strong>s sanctions<br />
ccmt(ele régime <strong>de</strong> Bagdad <strong>et</strong> la restauration du<br />
, poijY~ir c,entral sur l'ensemble du territoire ira.<br />
kien, t" Turquie considère que l'appui <strong>de</strong>s<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>s irakiens est la seule option possible pour<br />
élaborer un dispositif dl!' sécurité à la frontière<br />
<strong>et</strong> m<strong>et</strong>tre un terme aux incursions du PKK. Une<br />
cc solution temporaire à long terme " qui exige<br />
aussi l'accord <strong>de</strong>s alliés <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s Etats <strong>de</strong> la région.<br />
ISTANBUL<br />
<strong>de</strong> notre correspondante<br />
Les délégations se succè<strong>de</strong>nt dans<br />
les couloirs <strong>de</strong> la diplomatie turque<br />
où, quatre semaines après le r<strong>et</strong>rait<br />
<strong>de</strong>s 35 000 soldats qui avaient pénétré<br />
dans le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak le 20 mars<br />
<strong>de</strong>rnier pour combattre le PKK, les<br />
autorités tentent <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>ssiner une<br />
politique <strong>de</strong> sécurité cohérente à<br />
l'égard <strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong>te région.<br />
La tâche se révèle complexe: la<br />
1\1rquie est souvent tiraillée entre le<br />
cœur <strong>et</strong> la raison, qui lui dictent <strong>de</strong>s<br />
intérêts contradictoires. Les Thrcs<br />
sont préoccupés notamment par ce<br />
qu'ils appellent la «non-politique»<br />
<strong>de</strong>s Etats-Unis dans la région, qui in<strong>de</strong>xe<br />
toute décision sur l'éventuel<br />
renversement <strong>de</strong> Saddam Hussein.<br />
Récemment, ils ont exprimé ce souci<br />
à une délégation américaine. venue<br />
prendre la température d'Ankara<br />
dans l'optique d~un renduvellement<br />
du mandat <strong>de</strong> l'opération alliée<br />
« Provi<strong>de</strong> Comfort» à fin juin. La<br />
raison forcera probablement la 1\1rquie<br />
à voter pour la huitième fois, mètres qui séparent l'Irak <strong>de</strong> la 1\1rquie,<br />
l'extension du mandat <strong>de</strong> la force<br />
souhaite un accord bilatéral<br />
aérienne internationale, pourtant avec la 1\1rquie.<br />
très impopulaire auprès <strong>de</strong>s natio- '<br />
nalistes turcs. C'est c<strong>et</strong>te raison également<br />
RECONSTRUCTION<br />
qui pousse la 1\1rquie, mal-<br />
Un plan a été soumis aux auto-'<br />
gré sa méfiance à l'égard <strong>de</strong>s partis rités turques qui prévoit le déploiement<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>s, à chercher leur appui pour<br />
<strong>de</strong> 15 000 à 20 000 peshmergas<br />
assurer la sécurité <strong>de</strong> sa frontière <strong>et</strong> dans la zone frontalière, armés <strong>et</strong><br />
empêcher les incursions du Parti <strong>de</strong>s payés par la 1\1rquie <strong>et</strong> qui <strong>de</strong>vraient<br />
travailleurs du Kurdistan (PKK). être appuyés par un réseau <strong>de</strong> renseignements,<br />
.Dans une « conjoncture idéale », la<br />
explique le représen-<br />
1\1rquie préférerait évi<strong>de</strong>mment la 'tant à Ankara du PDK, Safeen Dilevée<br />
<strong>de</strong>s sanctions.contre le régime ,zay'êê:' Mals, affi'rihe-t-il, lit<br />
:<strong>de</strong> Bagdad <strong>et</strong> la restauration <strong>de</strong> l'au- ~onstruction <strong>de</strong> quelque 300 villages,<br />
,torité du pouvoir central sur l'en-<br />
évacués <strong>de</strong> force par Saddam<br />
REvuE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
Turkish Probe June 2,1995<br />
5<br />
Buro-Parliament's Amazons<br />
Take On Ankara<br />
Nazlan Ertan<br />
"<br />
'They are here to see <strong>de</strong>velopments in<br />
<strong>de</strong>mocratization,' a senior Turkish diplomat<br />
said. MButwhat will we show them?'<br />
The diplomat's reference was to the visit of a<br />
three-women <strong>de</strong>legation from the European<br />
Parliament, which has more muscle since the<br />
Maastricht Treaty, before it votes on. a landmark<br />
customs union accord with Turkey. The Mladiesof<br />
the parliament' - or the Euro-Amazons, as they<br />
were dubbed by the media - control a total of 250<br />
plus votes b<strong>et</strong>ween them in their positions as chairwomen<br />
of the three key left-wing groups in the<br />
Euro-Parliament.<br />
Two of the <strong>de</strong>puties, Catherine Lalumiere of<br />
European Radical Alliance, and Claudia Roth of<br />
GrElens, were no strangers to Turkey. Lalumiere<br />
started her job as Council of Europe secr<strong>et</strong>ary-general<br />
with a critical attitu<strong>de</strong> towards Turkey, but<br />
en<strong>de</strong>d, after a lot of cooperation from Hikm<strong>et</strong> Ç<strong>et</strong>in<br />
- the foreign minister at that time - with a favorable<br />
attitu<strong>de</strong>. rn fact, while she was in a contest with<br />
Daniel Tarchys for a second term, Ç<strong>et</strong>in said his<br />
support went to Lalumiere, although this view was<br />
not shared by the Turkish <strong>de</strong>puties in the Council of<br />
Europe's Parliamentary Assembly, which elects the<br />
secr<strong>et</strong>ary-general. "This is a fascinating counlry, full<br />
of conflicts,' Lalumiere said at the end of talks.<br />
"There is a young, dynamic population, but on the<br />
other hand... there is terrorism, the concem for the<br />
integrity of the country which takes, time to time,<br />
priority over the Kurdish problem."<br />
Claudia Roth, a German <strong>de</strong>puty, has also taken a<br />
close interest in Turkey for a long time. Roth,<br />
according to those who have followed her contacts<br />
in Turkey, has also mellowed consi<strong>de</strong>rably in her<br />
outlook towards Turkey. She has also become<br />
increasingly familiar with Turkey, from its legal system<br />
to the country's soccer obsession. MIknow the<br />
Turkish Penal Co<strong>de</strong> so well that I can now start a<br />
law school in Turkey,.<br />
Roth quipped .• We want<br />
Turkey to integrate with the European institutions,.<br />
Roth said in the press conference after her talks.<br />
.~ut certain conditions should be right.. Roth is a<br />
'vocal supporter of wtlat she calls the necessary<br />
Turkish recognition of the "Kurdish reality.•<br />
. .A;> far ~ Turks were concerned, the "tough cook-<br />
Ie In the flfl'UP was the head of the <strong>de</strong>legation -<br />
Pauline Gre&n, a British <strong>de</strong>puty who hea<strong>de</strong>d the<br />
majority Socialist Group in the European<br />
Parliament. Coming from a Greek Cypriot-<strong>de</strong>nse<br />
constituency, Pauline Green's rh<strong>et</strong>oric on the<br />
Cyprus questionten<strong>de</strong>d to raise eyebrows even in<br />
her own Euro-parliament group. The fact that one of<br />
her top advisers is a Greek has led one Turkish<br />
politician, who talked to her during the visit, to<br />
remark: "All in all, she is an explosive combination."<br />
But at the press conference marking the end of<br />
CA~HERI~E LALUMIEJ:lE: The h.ead of the European<br />
Radical Alhance, Cathenne Laiurniere, says she is surprised<br />
by the conflicting aspects of Turkey. "We hope to<br />
have good news in the coming weeks," she said.<br />
their Ankara outing, the MAmazons" refrained from<br />
sounding pessimistic, although they did not hi<strong>de</strong> the<br />
fact that the fate of the imprisoned <strong>de</strong>puties of the<br />
pro-Kurdish Democracy Party (DEP) would be <strong>de</strong>cisive.<br />
~Wedo not want to see <strong>de</strong>mocratically elected<br />
<strong>de</strong>puties in jail," Roth said.<br />
"The European <strong>de</strong>puties see the imprisonment of<br />
the <strong>de</strong>puties not only as an extension of the Kurdish<br />
problem but a matter of solidarity with fellow<br />
<strong>de</strong>puties,' Uluç Özülker, the Turkish ambassador to<br />
the European Union, said. "The Democracy Party<br />
<strong>de</strong>puties, on the other hand, have told the Euro-<br />
MPs that Turkish integration with the European<br />
Union will be b<strong>et</strong>ter for them, because it would<br />
enable the Union to exert more pressure to the<br />
Turkish si<strong>de</strong>." .<br />
Ozülker appears to be correct regarding this message<br />
given by the DEP <strong>de</strong>puties. When the jailed<br />
<strong>de</strong>puties and the European Parliament <strong>de</strong>legation<br />
came tog<strong>et</strong>her for a long me<strong>et</strong>ing, the DEP<br />
<strong>de</strong>puties said that they want closer ties b<strong>et</strong>ween<br />
Turkey and the European Union, provi<strong>de</strong>d that<br />
Turkey took a first step toward <strong>de</strong>mocratization.<br />
Pauline Green indicated that they wanted to know<br />
'what would happen to the <strong>de</strong>puties before the<br />
European Parliament voted on the customs union.<br />
MWe have no intention of postponing the vote<br />
unless there is a concr<strong>et</strong>e reason,' Green said. But<br />
she ad<strong>de</strong>d that she had heard that the appeal of the<br />
115
REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ~RIVISTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZETi<br />
6<br />
Turkish Probe June 2,1995<br />
CLAUDIA ROTH: Germany'sClaudiaRoth,the lea<strong>de</strong>rof<br />
the Greensgroup in the EuropeanParliament,says she<br />
wants to see Turkeycloser to Europe,but certainconditionshav<strong>et</strong>o<br />
be right.<br />
DEP <strong>de</strong>puties to reverse the sentence would not be<br />
taken up until next year. 'We have said, in our contacts<br />
in Ankara, that we would like to vote after a<br />
result is reached," she ad<strong>de</strong>d. "We are looking<br />
towards the appeals process. We will base our<br />
assessment on that."<br />
But Lalurniere, for example, carefully refrained<br />
from saying that the ratification of the customs<br />
union <strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>d on the release of the <strong>de</strong>puties. '"<br />
would not go as far as saying that," she told a private<br />
TV channel. "But it is true that we are very sensitive<br />
to that."<br />
Roth, who has visited the <strong>de</strong>puties at least twice<br />
this year, said she was aware of the in<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nce<br />
of the judiciary but that "the government and the<br />
political parties should work toward their release"<br />
rather than work against it.<br />
However, the clearest message given by the<br />
three <strong>de</strong>puties was that Turkey had to make some<br />
progress on <strong>de</strong>mocratization before the European<br />
Parliament vote. "We will be very attentive in the<br />
coming weeks ... and before the European<br />
Parliament vote on customs union - this period will<br />
be crucial for Turkey and for us," Catherine<br />
Lalurniere said. "We hope for good news from<br />
Turkey in the coming weeks."<br />
"For us customs union is not just about economic<br />
integration," Green said. "It is also the closest possible<br />
relationship the EU can have with any country<br />
short of full membership ...We have to have confi<strong>de</strong>nce<br />
that the countries with which we have that<br />
relationship have the same fundamental <strong>de</strong>mocratic<br />
and human rights values."<br />
She said while the Turkish withdrawal from northern<br />
Iraq was a welcome <strong>de</strong>velopment, this did not<br />
mean that all the reservations of the European<br />
Parliament had now been dropped.<br />
The reserves expressed by the three <strong>de</strong>puties,<br />
like those of most Turks, concern the lack of "parliamentary<br />
progress" on the <strong>de</strong>mocratization package.<br />
"That the package exists is progress," Green said.<br />
"What we want to see now is that as much of it as<br />
PAULINEGREEN:BritishSocialistPaulineGreenurges<br />
Turkey to pass the <strong>de</strong>mocratization package through<br />
Parliament,sayingthat the votefor ratificationof the customs<br />
unionwil not be <strong>de</strong>layedunlessthereis a concr<strong>et</strong>e<br />
reasonto do so.<br />
possible passes parliament."<br />
The package, which proposes changes to<br />
Turkey's 1982 military era constitution as well as a<br />
relaxation of its tight restrictions on the freedom of<br />
expression, is wending a slow path through parliament<br />
in the face of hardliner objections, particularly<br />
from Çiller's own True Path Party (DYP).<br />
What most confused the three <strong>de</strong>puties during<br />
their visit to Turkey were the different voices they<br />
heard about the <strong>de</strong>mocratization package. "There<br />
are different groups which, I grant, is the necessity<br />
of a <strong>de</strong>mocratic system," Lalumiere said. "But I<br />
guess you know whose success we, the European<br />
Parliament, wants."<br />
A Turkish diplomat who accompanied the three<br />
visitors during some of their me<strong>et</strong>ings with Turkish<br />
<strong>de</strong>puties, ministers and diplomats expressed downright<br />
exasperation. "We take them to see Çiller ~<br />
Çiller says she is committed to <strong>de</strong>mocratization by<br />
September. Then they visit a parliamentary group<br />
and a <strong>de</strong>puty, from the same party as the prime<br />
minister, says it would not do to rush," the diplomat<br />
said. "Some other <strong>de</strong>puty says that Turkey is not<br />
ready for some of the reforms, such as lifting the<br />
Article 8 of the anti-terrorism law, and including it in<br />
the Penal Co<strong>de</strong>.<br />
Both politicians and diplomats indicate, on the<br />
other hand, provi<strong>de</strong>d some steps are taken, it would<br />
not be too difficult to convince the European<br />
Parliament since most of the <strong>de</strong>puties are already<br />
convinced by their respective government's arguments<br />
that Turkey is strategically important for the<br />
European Union.<br />
"All we needis the political will to do this," the<br />
diplomat said.<br />
And what if even this small step is not possible?<br />
Diplomats say that a six month <strong>de</strong>lay before bringing<br />
the customs union accord before the European<br />
Parliament will cause the whole <strong>de</strong>al to lose<br />
momentum but, if the only alternative would be a<br />
negative result in the vote, even that may be<br />
done.•<br />
116
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZET;<br />
Turkish Probe June 2,1995<br />
17<br />
Human Bights Diary<br />
Prosecutor wants high court review of law- A<br />
Turkish prosecutor said on May 25 that part of a law limiting<br />
freedom of expression that Ankara's Western allies want<br />
lifted was unconstitutional and he wanted the high court to<br />
review it. "I believe that a part is against the Constitution and international<br />
conventions," Aytaç Tolay, a prosecutor in the Istanbul State<br />
Security Court said. Tolay said he raised his reservations about Article<br />
8 of the Anti-Terrorism Law, which bans "separatist propaganda," when he<br />
charged 99 people this week for publishing a book of articles by writers<br />
imprisoned for the same crime or promoting racism. Despite his reservations,<br />
Tolay said he had no choice but to charge the intellectuals as long as the law<br />
remained on the books. Because prosecutors are not empowered to refer cases to<br />
the high court, Tolay's move leaves it up to the judges to <strong>de</strong>ci<strong>de</strong> wh<strong>et</strong>her or not to send<br />
the case to the Constitutional Court for a ruling. Legal experts say this appeared to be the<br />
first time a prosecutor had requested that Article 8 be forwar<strong>de</strong>d for review. Tolay's criticism<br />
centers on the part of Article 8 banning alleged separatist propaganda "regardless of the<br />
m<strong>et</strong>hod, intention and i<strong>de</strong>as behind it." Removing this clause would force prosecutors to show the<br />
<strong>de</strong>fendant inten<strong>de</strong>d to damage the "indivisible unity of the state," som<strong>et</strong>hing those charged generally<br />
have <strong>de</strong>nied. Some Western diplomats praised the move - which theor<strong>et</strong>ically would sharply narrow<br />
the law's application - saying it was one way for critics of the law to g<strong>et</strong> around Parliament's inability to<br />
agree on long-promised reforms. Article 8 has been used to jail scores of writers, aca<strong>de</strong>mics, tra<strong>de</strong><br />
unionists and others for written or verbal statements <strong>de</strong>emed "separatist propaganda.".Most of the people<br />
said or wrote som<strong>et</strong>hing about Turkey's Kurds. Western allies have called on Ankara to ease restrictions on<br />
freedom of expression, and Prime Minister Tansu Çiller has repeatedly promised to make changes.<br />
The approval of Turkey's custom.s union with Europe may hang in the balance because the European<br />
Parliament has threatened to v<strong>et</strong>o the <strong>de</strong>al unless concr<strong>et</strong>e steps are taken to b<strong>et</strong>ter the country's human<br />
rights record. But opposition within Çiller's own party has so far hampered reforms, with some<br />
parliamentarians arguing restrictions cannot be lifted as long as Turkey is battling separatist Kurdish<br />
guerrillas. (Newspapers, May 25)<br />
Triai of 740 PTT employees starts In Bursa- The trial of 740 public employees of the Bursa<br />
branch of the Turkish Postal and Telecommunications agency (PTT) who <strong>de</strong>monstrated for union<br />
rights without permission started in Bursa on May 26. The PTT employees, members of the<br />
Turkish News Workers Union (Haber I~),staged a <strong>de</strong>monstration <strong>de</strong>manding the right to strike and<br />
collective bargaining on Nov. 24 and 25,1994. The <strong>de</strong>monstration was unauthorized and the union<br />
members now face prison sentences ranging from four months to one year, if convicted.<br />
(Turkish Daily News, May 27)<br />
,<br />
Appeal court reduces prison term for policeman- À five-year prison sentence imposed by the Bolvadin<br />
civil court on Hasan Belek, a police <strong>de</strong>puty chief, after he had been found guilty of torturing suspects has<br />
been reduced on appeal to two years. The reason given by the United Criminal Chambers of the Court of<br />
Appeals was that "he got no personal satisfaction out of the violence, but was proceeding in the interest of<br />
furthering his professional investigation." According to an Anatolia news agency report on April 3D, Belek<br />
was first sentenced to five years imprisonment by the civil court of Bolvadin for "beating two suspected<br />
thieves with a baton, kicking and slapping the~, locking them in the police headquarters' basement<br />
overnight, stripping them of their clothes in the morning to targ<strong>et</strong> them with high-pressured water, hitting<br />
them with a hose and w<strong>et</strong> towels, bathing them in hot water and salt to g<strong>et</strong> rid of the marks<br />
and leaving them un<strong>de</strong>r the sun." However, the court of appeals <strong>de</strong>ci<strong>de</strong>d otherwise. The "young<br />
and amateur" <strong>de</strong>puty chief was found to have gone too far due to his "inexperience" and<br />
"eagerness to perform his duties in an investigation." The five-year sentence was thus<br />
found to be "too rigid" and was lowered to the minimum "one year per tortured person"<br />
sentence. (Turkish Daily News, May 31)<br />
Another missing person found <strong>de</strong>ad- Rldvan Karakoç had not been<br />
heard from since March this year and his family reported him missing<br />
several weeks ago. They later discovered that he had been found <strong>de</strong>ad<br />
and as he could not be i<strong>de</strong>ntified, he had been buried in the<br />
Ikitelli Cem<strong>et</strong>ery for the Unknown. I<strong>de</strong>ntification was ma<strong>de</strong><br />
possible by matching his fingerprints. Karakoç<br />
disappeared at the time of the riots in Gaziosmanpa~a.<br />
(Turkish Daily News, June 1)<br />
117
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REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ~RNISTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZET;<br />
Turkey accused of expelling<br />
Iraqi and Iranian refugees<br />
World Refugee survey cites teachers mur<strong>de</strong>red by PKK<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
those Iranians applying for refugee status<br />
WASHINGTON-According to a World were approved.<br />
Refugee survey released bj' the U.S. But government officials said that<br />
Committee for Refugees (USCR), Turkey ITanians said "they were not involved in<br />
is expelling Iranians and Iraqis after inad- any crime or politIcal associations in Iran,<br />
equate refugee screening. that they diël not fear persecution if<br />
The report also focused on those "inter- r<strong>et</strong>urned to Iran and they Just did not like<br />
nally displaced" as a result of the military the Iranian regime and wished to travel<br />
operations against the outlawed Kurdistan abroad to Western countries."<br />
Workers' Party (PKK.) "The population "No country would grant asylum on the<br />
of the city of Siirt has grown from 70,000 b.asis of such statements," the Turkish<br />
to 130,000; DiyartiakIr has swelled from officials claimed.<br />
300,000 to 900,000; Adana from 900,000 "In early January, Amnesty<br />
to 1.5 million;, and Mersin's population International reported that [Turkish]<br />
had increased from 550,000 to police took to the bor<strong>de</strong>r and expelled to<br />
1,000,000," the report noted. Iran two Iranian asylum seekers who had<br />
"Some portion of the internally dis- sought UNHCR/rotection in Turkey. In<br />
placed have also fled from threats and ter- an apparent qui i pro quo, in March, Iran<br />
rorist acts committed by the PKK, particu- reportedly turnea over four members of<br />
larly its campaign of assassination of the PKK to Turkey," the report said.<br />
political opponents and schoolteachers," Iraqi refugees also complained about<br />
the report SaId. similar lowrates of acceptance by Turkey.<br />
"Accusing teachers of promoting "In 1994, 2,414 persons approached the<br />
Turkish I>ropaganda and culture, the PKK UNHCR office seeking recognition as<br />
has killeô hunëlreds in recent years, caus- refugees ... At the end of the year only 444<br />
ing an estimated4,000 schools to close remained in Turkey."<br />
anël other teachers to flee the area ... It USCR said to the Turkish government,<br />
appears that many of the displaced are "we would like to support efforts to<br />
noncombatants fleeing both si<strong>de</strong>s, particu. encourage other governments, such as our<br />
larly persons who are pressured to Join the own, to n~~<strong>et</strong>tlemore refugees currently in<br />
government-sponsored village guards." Turkey. '<br />
However, if your government moves<br />
Iran and Iraq unilaterally to forcibly r<strong>et</strong>urn refugees,<br />
As to Iranian refugees in Turkey, the international support for Turkey is not<br />
report noted that only 46.5 percent of likely to be forthcoming."<br />
INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE, THURSDAY, nINE 1, 1995<br />
.'<br />
:<br />
Turkey Bans Arms From Denmark<br />
ANKARA - Turkey said Wednesday that it had banned arms.<br />
and military equipment purchases from Denmark, a NATO ally,<br />
lifter Copenhagen halted sales to Ankara .<br />
Nur<strong>et</strong>tin Nurkan, a Foreign Ministry spokesman, said that<br />
penmark had "lost the quality of being a reliable partner in<br />
.nilitary procurements.<br />
Denmark stopped the sales this month because of Turkey's sixweek<br />
military operation in northern Iraq against separatist rebe!<br />
Kurds. Turkey en<strong>de</strong>d the incursion on May 2. (Reuters)<br />
119
~I Balanced: American sources say the<br />
='<br />
report is 'balanced' and duly notes<br />
'consi<strong>de</strong>rable Turkish progress' SATURDAY.JUNE3.1995<br />
....-.3r:n ~<br />
..5r ~<br />
Turkish Dairy News ~ ~.<br />
No cuts: A US Embassy official says the ~ .. ::tl<br />
administration is against any new cuts'<br />
~. ~ problem in the Southeast" nie report, known in Washington ~<br />
or attaching conditions to aid to Turkey<br />
tri ,<br />
~.<br />
It also maintains that Ankara has circles as the "tenpercent report"<br />
'i:l<br />
not, so far, been able to address its CUls Clinton administration's weight<br />
::tl<br />
By pgur Alanel and Nazlan Ertan / Tur/dsh Daily News<br />
"int~mationally-recognized obl~a- ehind Turkish territorial inteßI& ~ "'O.<br />
W ASHINGTONI ANKARA- The Clinton administration has ~<br />
tion to ~rovi<strong>de</strong> for those who irre .s- and, once more, co~<strong>de</strong>rnns the .<br />
said that it was hi.y.hlylikely that U.S.-origin equipment had been<br />
..<br />
placed. . . '. as a "ruthles~ terronst grou,t" whi~h<br />
~<br />
used in support of urkish operations to evacuate and/or <strong>de</strong>stroy vil- . ~ ~<br />
The report notes that more than p,oses a major threat to urkey s<br />
~<br />
~<br />
tages in Southeast Anatolia, but upheld Turkex's right to use those . 4,000 a~lications cI~ming tOrf:ure . 'sovereignty and territorial. integri~<br />
~eapons for "self-<strong>de</strong>fense and for mternal secunty."'. were fil by 1;lUmanghts or~amza-<br />
~<br />
ly." .. . . ~ ,<br />
. In a report submitted to the Congress ap~ropriations committees tJ:j<br />
tions b<strong>et</strong>ween 1991 and 19 4, but A U.S. Embassy source said. that<br />
tri<br />
late Thursday, the U.S. State Department mamtains that the U.S.-ori- adds that Turkey had taken a number although he could not~udge how the.<br />
::tl<br />
~n e.quipment ha~ been used m op~ration.s atainst t~e outlawed., ~<br />
:I:<br />
'of steps to stop the practi~. r{(rt - particularly .e part on use<br />
. urdlstan Workers Party (PKK), dunng which uman nghts abuses<br />
A<br />
It also notes t1iat extraju'dicial 0 U.S.-supplied equiEment for vil-<br />
~hadoccurred. But it adds that there is no evi<strong>de</strong>nce that those a<br />
killings, known as "mystery' lage burnings - coul be perceived<br />
we~ns were used during "torture or extrajudicial killings." '<br />
~<br />
killings," occurred at a high rate until by the Congress, the administration<br />
=<br />
e U.S. State Department mrt ~aysthat human rights would be: .the end of 1994 - the total exceed- was.against any "further restriction,<br />
an integral part of the ongoing .S.-Turkish high level dialogue. .<br />
~<br />
ing 2,000 over the past three years - cuts, or placing conditions" for U.S. 'i:l<br />
tri.<br />
.but subsequently had <strong>de</strong>creased. '. aid to Turk~. . .<br />
,<br />
.... Although it allows that the U.S.- "I think e report is balaiIced and e ~<br />
Hunlan Rights Minister A1gan<br />
.supplied ~uicment could be used in we have noted the consi<strong>de</strong>rable ~<br />
~<br />
Hacalogiu un<strong>de</strong>rstands citizens' support<br />
ë.<br />
0 t e evacuation and/or pr2ress," a U.S. embassy source<br />
~<br />
<strong>de</strong>struction of villages, it adds that sai brushing asi<strong>de</strong> ~ulationsthat ~<br />
alienation in Tu.rkey's Southeastern the U.S. administration "does not the report.had been. elayed because<br />
ha:veany evi<strong>de</strong>nce that verifies of disagreement among State<br />
Anatolia region, ; re~s of torture and extrajudicial Dehartment units. . r.I'J.<br />
~<br />
ki . gs involving U.S. eguipment." n Washington, Christine Shelly, > ,<br />
.. The report does not give a recom- State Drt;artment spokeswoman,<br />
to<br />
The fifty-page document acknowledges that Turkey has recog- mendation on reinsta~ the 10lricr- also reaf umed continued U.S. suptrJ<br />
::tl<br />
~<br />
nized the need to improveits human rights practices and has ma<strong>de</strong> ~<br />
cent of military aid to urkg, w 'ch port for Turkey, which she said<br />
proposals, which, if adopted and implemented, could lead to impor~ had been withheld' by. the ongress offered "concr<strong>et</strong>e responses" to the<br />
0<br />
tant positive changes in the situation in the Southeast. until the report was.prepared. Turkey aIl<strong>et</strong>atio~s. .<br />
~ ~<br />
"We can and should expect progress," the report said as its bottom had r~ècted the conditional part of S e said that Ankara had known<br />
~~ s:<br />
. . . . the ai , which was tied to "progress for some time that the report was<br />
Although the tone of the report is consi<strong>de</strong>red "lukewarm" by on human rights and the Cyprus coming and.did not expect it to ~<br />
'i:l<br />
::tl<br />
diplomatic observers, particularly in comparison to the 1994 Annual .question." . change relatIons b<strong>et</strong>ween the two<br />
On C~rus, the report em~asizes countries..<br />
00- ~<br />
Human Rights Report; it still criticizes Turkey for not supplement- '<br />
the Tur sh Cypriots' and kara's ''Turkey is a very important ~<br />
aIlt in<br />
=<br />
ing its militaryapproach to the Southeast problem with a civil<br />
,<br />
re~ated attempts to implement the what is a difficult part of the wor d,"<br />
tJ:j<br />
approach.<br />
"In combatting the PKK, the government of Turkey's approach U. . Confi<strong>de</strong>nce Bûilding Measures. she said. . .<br />
i<br />
~<br />
has been largely military. Alone,this cannot succeed," the report It notes that Prime MinIster Tansu "We are commiited to Turkey's<br />
52<br />
says: "Turkey needs to combine this with a civil approach to the Çiller is committed to "work toward security in the interests of both the<br />
0:<br />
a solution to the Cyprus problem." United States and Turkey."<br />
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Turkey givesguar<strong>de</strong>d<br />
respons<strong>et</strong>o US report<br />
. 1iutish Daily News<br />
ANKARA- Despite the U.S. State Department's presenting its<br />
report on Turkey's human ri2hts and Cyprus as a tialanced one,<br />
TUrkish diplomatic sources adopted a "guiu<strong>de</strong>d" approach toward<br />
the report Friday.<br />
Forei~ Ministry sources, ~g on condition of anon~ty,<br />
'said the Turkish government would lake up the ~rt's "lack of<br />
information and wrong assessments" with the U:S. government in<br />
the near future. .<br />
"We hope that this report, which was released a week before the<br />
U.S. Congress starts discussing aid for 1996, will not hele the<br />
efforts of ceftaÏ!l circles who are prejudiced. against Turkey, the<br />
same sources saId.<br />
Although no clarification was ma<strong>de</strong> on this point, the reference<br />
was clearly toward the report's.<br />
statement that it was likely ,that<br />
U.S.-origin equipment was used<br />
in the evacuation and <strong>de</strong>struction<br />
of villages in the Southeast.<br />
However,Ankàra~ .. also<br />
a~ awar<strong>et</strong>hat ,.the report,<br />
wliich came ata timCofmounting<br />
Euro~ean criticism, contained<br />
positive eleinents.<br />
Dipfomaticsources said that<br />
the report noted the <strong>de</strong>velopments<br />
m <strong>de</strong>mocratization.<br />
"It is clear that the human<br />
rights issues are taken up in the<br />
report in a balanced and con~<br />
structive way," diplomats said.<br />
"Within this framework, we<br />
think it may be a mo<strong>de</strong>l for<br />
some simIlar attempts of<br />
European institutions."<br />
On the report's section on<br />
Cyprus, Turkey acknowledged<br />
thaJ the report -reflected the<br />
"Turkish si<strong>de</strong>' s positive<br />
approach" but claimed that the<br />
way the two lea<strong>de</strong>rs in tbe<br />
island -; Turkish Cypri~t<br />
Presi<strong>de</strong>nt Rauf De~ and his<br />
Greek Cypriot counterpart<br />
Glafkos Cleri<strong>de</strong>s - were<br />
addressed on the island did not<br />
reflect the "principle of equality."<br />
Neither is the uncompromising<br />
attitu<strong>de</strong> of the Greek<br />
Cypriots reflected in the report,<br />
Turkish diplomats said.<br />
Ironically, the Cyprus part of<br />
the report displeased the Greek<br />
Cypnot government. Greek<br />
Cypriot ~overnment spokesman<br />
Yannakls Kasuli<strong>de</strong>s said that<br />
the administration may contact<br />
Washington to express their<br />
objections to the report, which<br />
they said was too favorable<br />
toward Turkey.<br />
Turkish naily News<br />
SATURDAY.JUNB3.199S<br />
Human Rights Watch says<br />
report too kind to Ankara<br />
Turld:rh Daily News<br />
ANKARA- The Human Rights Watch has criticized the US State<br />
Department report on Turkey, obtained by the TON on Friday, for<br />
its failure to admit that burning villages was "a policy of the<br />
Turkish government."<br />
'1be Human Rights Watch regr<strong>et</strong>s the State Department's statement<br />
that it has no clear i<strong>de</strong>a of how villages came to be evacuat-<br />
. ed," a press release from the human rights organization said. 'The<br />
State Department's lack of precision about the evacuation campaign<br />
suggests a <strong>de</strong>sire to avoid giviilg offense to the Turkish government<br />
which <strong>de</strong>nies e~loying such tactics." ,<br />
The Human Rights Watch claimed that the precise circumstances<br />
of individual evacuations are very clear. "Field research conducted<br />
:by Human Rights Watch in Turkey on forced evacuations and statemènts<br />
by Turkish government officials aocument that the majority of the estimated 14Q(). villages<br />
'and haml<strong>et</strong>s forcibly evacuated in southeastern Turkey were the result of a government-sf>Onsored<br />
counterinsurgency campaign," the non-government organization (NGO)<br />
said. ,<br />
It. also said that. it held the Turkish government responsible for the majority of forced<br />
evacuations and <strong>de</strong>struction of villages, usually carried as a punishment for refusal to join<br />
the village' ~ system or for a pro-Kurdistan Workers'-Party (PKK) village that proVi<strong>de</strong>S<br />
the PKK With logisticor personnel support. .<br />
While the PKK has killed civilians and committed extensive human rights violations, their<br />
attacks on s<strong>et</strong>tlements are usually targ<strong>et</strong>ed against so called "village guard" villages, a<br />
minority of villages in the area, it said.<br />
The Human Rights Watch called on the Stat~ Department to continue its investigation into<br />
this matter and to update this report concerning the use of U.S. manufactured weapons in all<br />
<strong>de</strong>ployments in southeastern Turkey, especially in village evacuations. "We calion the<br />
Turkish government to give all journàlists, legitimate NGOs: and foreign embassy personnel<br />
access to southeastern Turkey," it conclu<strong>de</strong>d.
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA<br />
Turkisb Dairy News<br />
STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
SATURDAY.JUNE3.1995<br />
.Kurd arrested in Germany as PKK activist<br />
Reuter<br />
BONN- A Kurd suspected of masterminding firebomb<br />
attacks against Turkish properties in Germany<br />
for the outlawed Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK)<br />
has been arrested, fe<strong>de</strong>ral prosecutors said on<br />
Friday.<br />
The 33-year-old suspect, a Turkish citizen i<strong>de</strong>ntified<br />
only as Nihat A., is suspected of leading PKK .<br />
cells in Bremen, Berlin and southwestern Germany<br />
. sincel992, the fe<strong>de</strong>ral prosecutor' s 'of{ice in<br />
. Karlsruhe said in a statement. .<br />
. He is being held in the.northern city of Kiel while<br />
prosecutors check allegations he led a terrorist association.<br />
.<br />
They said he was also suspected ~fbeing an<br />
accomplice to firebomb attacks on TurkIsh banks, a<br />
broadcaster and a travel agency inBerlin in June<br />
and November 1993.<br />
The PKK has been fighting a war for a homeland<br />
in southeast Turkey for more thana <strong>de</strong>ca<strong>de</strong>. More<br />
than 15,000 people have died in the fighting., .<br />
Prosecutors say the PKK lea<strong>de</strong>rship in Germany<br />
has' used arson attacks to press its rev~lutionary<br />
goals and allege that PKK lea<strong>de</strong>rs have also used<br />
punitive action, including mur<strong>de</strong>r, agains~ a9herents<br />
who break away from the organization. . .. ..<br />
. Following a raSh of arson attacks this year blamed<br />
primarily on the PKK, German officials have<br />
expressed fears that.the group may have imported<br />
political violence to GefIllany, which has a Turkish<br />
population on million. ..'<br />
.ECF0052 4 F 0279 TUR /AFP-OA85<br />
Eco.<br />
Irak-Turquie: visite d'une délégation parlementaire irakienne à Ankara<br />
ANKARA, 4 juin (AFP) - Une délégation parlementaire irakienne conduite<br />
par le prési<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>de</strong> la commission parlementaire <strong>de</strong>s affaires arabes <strong>et</strong><br />
internationales, Safaa Saleh Al-Omar, est arrivée dimanche à Ankara, a<br />
.rapporté l'agence turque Anatolie.<br />
Le prési<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>de</strong> la commission <strong>de</strong>s Affaires étrangères du parl~ment turc<br />
Mumtaz Soysal a, en l'accueillant à l'aéroport, "rappelé qu'une délégation<br />
du p~rlement turc avait fait une visite en Irak en 1994 <strong>et</strong> que la visite <strong>de</strong><br />
la délégation du parlement irakien à Ankara "était. préparée <strong>de</strong>puis .<br />
longtemps" • . . '.<br />
"En juin, notre parlement <strong>de</strong>vra prendre une décision importante sur le<br />
nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak", a-t-il souligné. en faisant allusion à la décision<br />
attendue avant la fin du mois du parlement turc sur la durée du mandat <strong>de</strong><br />
la force mùltinationale <strong>de</strong>ployée sur la base turque d'Incirlik <strong>de</strong><br />
l'opération alliée "Provi<strong>de</strong> Comfort". Le mandat <strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong>te force, .chargée <strong>de</strong><br />
surveiller le ciel irakien au nord du 36ème parallèle .interdità l'aviation<br />
irakienne <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> protéger les populations kur<strong>de</strong>s d'Irak contre les troupes<br />
<strong>de</strong> Bagdad, vient à expiration le 30juin.<br />
Le chef <strong>de</strong> la délagation irakienne, M. Al-Omar, a pour sa part affirmé<br />
que l'opération "Provi<strong>de</strong> Comfort" constituait une "intervention directe<br />
dans la souverain<strong>et</strong>é <strong>de</strong> son pays".<br />
Selon lui, les entr<strong>et</strong>iens porteront notamment sur les relations<br />
bilatérales, la sécurité frontalière, la vacance d'autorité dans le nord <strong>de</strong><br />
l'Irak --qui échappe à l'autorité <strong>de</strong> Bagdad <strong>et</strong> est contrôlé par les Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
d'Irak<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>.<br />
<strong>de</strong>puis la fin <strong>de</strong> la guerre<br />
.<br />
du Golfe en février 1991-- <strong>et</strong> la'qùestion<br />
.<br />
CE/jef<br />
AFP /J00245/041659 JUN 95<br />
122
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZET;<br />
AFP AFP - ~ AFP ~~: AFP -- AFP - -- AFP - -~:<br />
FRS0284 4 l 0280 IRK /AFP-SB61<br />
Irak-Kur<strong>de</strong>s-Turquie<br />
Déploiement d'une unité turque en Irak du nord, selon un responsable kur<strong>de</strong><br />
.-<br />
SALABEDDINE (Irak), 5 juin (AFP) - Une unité <strong>de</strong> 200 soldats turcs a<br />
récemment pénétré dans le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak <strong>et</strong> s'est déployée dans une région<br />
d'accès difficile pour empêcher les infiltrations <strong>de</strong> séparatistes kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
turcs, a indiqué lundi un responsabl~ kur<strong>de</strong> irakien.<br />
"Nous avons <strong>de</strong>s informations selon lesquelles près <strong>de</strong> 200 soldats. turcs<br />
ont franchi la frontière il y a quelques jours <strong>et</strong> ont pénétré dans une<br />
région frontalière reculée, stratégiquement vitale pour le Parti <strong>de</strong>s<br />
travailleurs du Kurdistan (PKK, séparatiste)", a-t-il précisé sous le<br />
couvert <strong>de</strong> l'anonymat.<br />
Selon ce responsable, membre du Parti démocratique du Kurdistan (PDK <strong>de</strong><br />
Massoud Barzani), l'une <strong>de</strong>s principales formation~ kur<strong>de</strong>s irakiennes, la<br />
région<br />
. où les soldats turcs se sont déployés n'a pas d'accès routier <strong>et</strong> ne peut<br />
être atteinte qu'après une marche à pied <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux jours à partir du village<br />
<strong>de</strong><br />
Si<strong>de</strong>kan.<br />
Ce village se trouve dans le triangle frontalier séparant l'Irak, l'Iran<br />
<strong>et</strong> la Turquie, dans le nord-est du Kurdistan irakien qui éQhappe <strong>de</strong>puis<br />
1991 au pouvoir <strong>de</strong> Bagdad.<br />
"C'est une région très difficile, une véritable zone <strong>de</strong> guérilla", a<br />
souligné le responsable du PDK. Selon lui, "<strong>de</strong> toute évi<strong>de</strong>nce, ils (les<br />
soldats turcs) cherchent à couper la route <strong>de</strong>s combattants du PKK en<br />
nrovenance d'Iran".<br />
- Il a indiqué que le PDK a envoyé une note <strong>de</strong> protestation à Ankara<br />
contre c<strong>et</strong>te nouvelle action <strong>de</strong> l'armée turque, qui avait mené du 20 mars<br />
au 2 mai une vaste opération dans le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak contre le PKK, en<br />
rébellion armée contre le gouvernement turc <strong>de</strong>puis 1984.<br />
ta-elf/mfo<br />
AFP /J00245/051635 JUN 95<br />
Christopher asks EU<br />
to ratify customs union<br />
Reform: 'Turkey<br />
"The United States and the EU...<br />
should continue<br />
have a special interest in supporting<br />
. a <strong>de</strong>mocratic Turkey, integrated into<br />
<strong>de</strong>mocratic reforms' the transatlantic community," he<br />
By U~urAkmel said. "Turker is at the strategic<br />
n.rk.Uh Daily News crossroads 0 the Balkans, the<br />
WASHINGTON-' US Secr<strong>et</strong>ary of Middle East, and the former Sovi<strong>et</strong><br />
State Warren Christopher has asked states. ~e hope that-the Euro~<br />
.the European Union (EU) to ratify Parliament will ratify the critically<br />
the customs. union agreement si.gned .important customs union a~ment<br />
b<strong>et</strong>ween the EU and Turkey:-<br />
by Turkey on MlU'cb 6. Duringa - "At the same time," Christopher<br />
policy address on ~transatlaQtic continued, "we strongly en~urage<br />
agenda for the 21st Çentury" that htï Turkeyto move ahead with <strong>de</strong>moc<strong>de</strong>livered<br />
at Casa <strong>de</strong> America, catic reform and strengthen the pro-<br />
M~drid, Spain,: on Friday teètion of human rildtts. We are 81so<br />
Christopher also emphasized the redoubling our efforts to achieve a<br />
importance of continuing with <strong>de</strong>mo- political s<strong>et</strong>tlement in Cyprus prior<br />
::ratic_reforms in Turkev. to the'start of EU ~ion talks."<br />
123
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Turkey seeks increased' tra<strong>de</strong><br />
withGulfto compensate for<br />
I losses fromIraqembargo<br />
Agence France Press~ an OppOrtunityfor more expansion~"<br />
CAIRO- Turkey ~ant.s lDcreased .I)emirelstressed that Turkey had no<br />
tra<strong>de</strong> with the Gulf.n~uo~s m compensa- <strong>de</strong>signs on changin,gits bor<strong>de</strong>r with Iraq<br />
tion for over $20 billIOnm l?sses fr?m a following' its' masstv~ military.action in,<br />
.' U:.N.embargo o~ Iraq, Turkish ~esl<strong>de</strong>nt M~ch agai~st Turkish Kurdish sepa-<br />
Suleyman Demirel told a Saudt-owned raUstsoperatmg from northern Iraq. .<br />
. '!1ewspaper on S~nday. . ''Turkey has no regional <strong>de</strong>mands on<br />
"We s~ itas our right a~this time ~o any of its neighbors, including Ïraq. It<br />
confer with our partners ID the (an~t- has no policy for new bor<strong>de</strong>r arrange-<br />
Iraqi) alliance abOutproper recoml'Cnse ments and no political plaris for expan- .<br />
. for our sacrifices," Demirel said ID an sion," he said. ,<br />
interview with the London-based Arab . But the Turkish presi<strong>de</strong>nt, who had<br />
daily.Ash-Sh~ Al-Awsat. ." ~lier provoked IraQipro~estsafter rais-<br />
"SIDce Turkish tra<strong>de</strong> With the Gulf mg the prospêct of cnangmg the bor<strong>de</strong>r,<br />
countries has been adversely affected did not rule out new military operations<br />
since the war to liberate Kuwait, we are l!&ainstthe Kurdistan Workers' Party<br />
trying to gear up our economic and tra<strong>de</strong> (PKK)., '<br />
relations with these countries," he said. Turkey "will remain ever ready to<br />
Demirel outlined the effects on overcome any threats to its territorial<br />
Turkey of the embargo imposed on Iraq unity and it will take any action, includfollowing<br />
its August 1990 invasion of ing military, to <strong>de</strong>fend the lives of inno-<br />
Kuwait. cent civilians targ<strong>et</strong>ed by terrorists," he<br />
''The continuing embargo on Iraq has said. . .<br />
placed a bur<strong>de</strong>n on Turkey's shoul<strong>de</strong>rs He <strong>de</strong>fen<strong>de</strong>d the March operation in<br />
for more than three years and has led to which Turkey sent 35,000 troops poureconomic<br />
losses costing $20 .billion, in ing over the bor<strong>de</strong>r into Iraq against the .<br />
addition to the social and political PKK.. "This operation rooted out more .<br />
.cost" . . than 500 terronsts and <strong>de</strong>stroyed all their<br />
Current tra<strong>de</strong> b<strong>et</strong>ween Turkey and . camps. The PKK is now unable to make<br />
Saudi Arabia is worth "around $2 bil. hit-and-run attacks into Turkish territory .<br />
lion," he said. "And we believe there is' from there," he said.<br />
- \<br />
.<br />
Snake plague ratt1es Iraqi Kurds<br />
as five die from venomous bites<br />
By Tolle Aram ing in hervineyaro last week when she was<br />
Agence Fr(J(lce Presse bitten bya one m<strong>et</strong>re(yard)-long snake ..<br />
SUI;A Y¥ANIY ~- A 'plague.of snakes "S~e fainted, but didn't take. the bi.te too<br />
has rattled Kurds hVIDgID northern Iraq senously. She even walked a" few kilomewith<br />
doctors reporting at least five <strong>de</strong>athS ters (miles). . . .<br />
. and dozens admitted to hospital suffering "Mter we fmally managed to put her in a'<br />
from 'venomousbites. car she diedon the way to Sulaymaniyah,"<br />
The töunuysi<strong>de</strong> around S,ulaymaniyahis her son-in-law Akram' Mahmud Nesrullah<br />
swarming With snakes which have flour- told AFP in Jaffaran, a village 80 kilQmeished<br />
amid a mild winter in the qui<strong>et</strong> ruins ters (50 miles) southwest of here.' . .'<br />
of hundreds of villages <strong>de</strong>stroyed by Iraqi . Villagèrs blam<strong>et</strong>he weather as wèll as<br />
forces and abandoned. by Kurdish rest- the forces of Presi<strong>de</strong>nt Saddam Hussein for<br />
<strong>de</strong>nts. .' . the plague of poisonous reptiles. ''This year<br />
"We have never before had to treat so we have had a mild winter, and no frost.<br />
many cases of snake-bites as this year. For The snakes were able to survive, said Kamil<br />
some weeks now, 10 people of.all ages, all Ahmad from the remote village of Astei, .<br />
of them villagers, have been admitted dailyabout 60 kilom<strong>et</strong>ers (36 miles) southwest of<br />
to hospital," Hemin Pired, a surgeon told SulaJmaniyah.. . .<br />
AFP at th<strong>et</strong>own's largest hospital. . . "Afterwards we had unusually heavy<br />
Three women, a boy and a girl died in six rains and the grass grew very hi~. A per.<br />
days, he said. "I'm sure there are more . fect hiding place for snakes," ne ad<strong>de</strong>d ..<br />
cases we don't know about. People from "Pestici<strong>de</strong>s would be the best remedy<br />
some of the remotevillages can't come to' against snakes, but there is none to be found<br />
the hospital because they don't have cars. on the mark<strong>et</strong>" .... . .<br />
Even we don't have serum. We only have Resi<strong>de</strong>nts of even more remote villages<br />
blood, antibiotics and hydrocortisan (an have thoughtaboul leaving their h
REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ~RIVISTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZET;<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
TUESDAY,JUNE6.199S<br />
Diplomatic efforts stepped up<br />
on UN sanctions against Iraq<br />
Russian official:'We are waiting for (Tariq) Aziz to give his<br />
agreement to the export of oil, in conformity with the U.N.<br />
Security Council resolution which Baghdad previously rejected.'<br />
Compiled by the TDN Stafffrom Diplomats also indicated that Iraq's fros-<br />
Wire Dispatches . tration with the U.N.-imposed sanctions<br />
~N~- Iraq has launched a dlplo- was growing. "The government believes it<br />
ma~c offen~l~e to ~ uP.support for an has got nothing so far in r<strong>et</strong>urn for its<br />
easlD.g or hftIDg of cnpp~IDg U.N. ~ra<strong>de</strong> efforts to comply with (Gulf War) disannasanctions,<br />
Baghdad-based diplomats Said on ment terms," said a well~placed diplomat.<br />
Mondày.<br />
Iraq on Saturday accused U.N. arms control<br />
They said senior Iraqi officials are. to off'lcial Rolf Ekeus of being èommissioned<br />
lobby. member.s of the V.N .. Secu~Ity by the United States and its Gulf allies to<br />
Council to.explain ~aghdad s pomt of VIew carry out anti-Iraq p'>licies.<br />
on comphance WIth the 1991 Gulf W.ar The diplomat Saidhe expected a tou2hepcease<br />
fIre ~e~ on ~eapns..The first step ing of fraq's st.ance towards t.he U.N.<br />
!>fthe IraqI diplo~atic offens~vew~ ~aae Special CommissIOn (UNSCOM) ID charge<br />
ID ~osc~w. fraq~ Dep~ty Pn~e MIDls.ter of dismantling Iraq's weapons of mass<br />
Tang AzIZ, me<strong>et</strong>ing WIthRUSSIanForeIgn <strong>de</strong>struction if its cruCial report to be submit-<br />
Minister Andrei ~ozyrev, said Moscow and ted to the Council on June 19 is negative.<br />
~a~dad h~d outl}ned ~ way for Iraq t.oend Ekeus, following his visit last week to<br />
ItS IDternatio~aI IsolatIon after a senes of Baghdad, said Iraq was holding back infortop-leve~me<strong>et</strong>ings.<br />
. mation on its past biological warfare activi-<br />
Rus.sla wants to see U.N. sanctIOns ties and he was not sure y<strong>et</strong> wh<strong>et</strong>her it had<br />
against Iraq lifted but Baghdad must fIrSt come clean on chemical arms.<br />
fiilfù all its obligations to the international The Vienna-based International Atomic<br />
community, Kozyrev said.<br />
Energy Agency (IAEA) said on Friday it<br />
"We are waiting for A~iz .to give h~s had not y<strong>et</strong> compl<strong>et</strong>edinvestigatio~ lDtO<br />
agreement to.the export of oil, In confOrmI- reIlOrts that Iraq was secr<strong>et</strong>ly working on<br />
ty with the U.N. Securiry Council resolution technology to build a nuclear bomb..<br />
which Baghdad preVIOusly rejected," a Iraq has dismissed the allegations as<br />
senior Russian foreign ministry official, attempts to prolong the suffering of its poowho<br />
asked to remain anonymous, was quot- pie un<strong>de</strong>r sanctions.<br />
ed as saying.<br />
The sanctions will nQt be eased or lifted<br />
Iraqi Foreign Ministry Un<strong>de</strong>rsecr<strong>et</strong>ary until UNSCOM tells the Security Council<br />
Abduijabbar aI-Douri is m Bonn for me<strong>et</strong>- that Baghdad has honored all its weapons<br />
ings with senior German officials. Baghdad commitments.<br />
newspapers said on Monday that Douri had The thorniest issue is Baghdad's past bio<strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>d<br />
that Germany, a nonpermanent logical warfare research. ODe diplomat said<br />
member of the council take "appropriate. Iraq would disc,Iose the biological promeasures"<br />
to end the embargo on Baghdad gramme once It g<strong>et</strong>s clearance from<br />
oil exports.<br />
UNSCOM on.other categori~ of weapons.<br />
1'he newspapers also said a large <strong>de</strong>lega- ''The Iraqis fear that this ca~-and'mouse<br />
tion of German industrialists and business- game may not end and sanctions are really<br />
men was to visit Baghdad soon to "<strong>de</strong>velop hurting," ad<strong>de</strong>d the diplomat.<br />
economic ties."<br />
Iraq warned last month that UNSCOM<br />
DiI>lomats said that senior ~i officials should not expect it to continue cooperation<br />
intenaed to visit France, Russia and China, in<strong>de</strong>finitely.<br />
all permanent members of the Council with . It said it would soon <strong>de</strong>ci<strong>de</strong> to halt such<br />
v<strong>et</strong>o power, and all advocates of an early cooperation if curbs on its oil exportswere<br />
lifting of the oil embargo.<br />
not eased or lifted.<br />
125
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
Turk~hDairy News 11IESDA Y, HINE 6, 1995<br />
School's out for Kurdish children<br />
<strong>de</strong>spite months of feuding<br />
'Education is free of charge for children. But<br />
we, don't have enough books"notebooks, or pens'<br />
'-j<br />
By Tolle Aram<br />
Agence France Presse<br />
SALAHUDDIN, Iraq- A two-month truce<br />
b<strong>et</strong>weenrival Kurdish factions innorthern Iraq has<br />
enabled thousands of children to take exams and,<br />
finish a school year punctuated byviolence.<br />
"The pupils are our future.1t would have been a<br />
real shame if we hadn't managed to p:iItasi<strong>de</strong>our<br />
political problems to organize proper exanis for<br />
them," said Kamal Shakir, head of the regional government's<br />
health ministry;<br />
Shakir; 52, a member of the Iraqi Communist<br />
Party, is regar<strong>de</strong>d as neutral by the two main factions<br />
so was asked to chair il committee s<strong>et</strong>ting<br />
, exams for the 980 primary and 303 secondary<br />
schools in the Kurdish area.<br />
Organizing the schools has not been easyamid<br />
the continuing feud b<strong>et</strong>ween the two plain factions,<br />
the K.urdistan Dembcratic Party (KDP), .led by<br />
Massud Barzani, and the Patriotic Union of<br />
Kurdistan (PUK) hea<strong>de</strong>d by Jalal Talabani.<br />
The two si<strong>de</strong>s agreed on Thursday to extend their<br />
two-month ceasefire begun in Apriluntil July 15.<br />
They have fought over control of the paralyzed<br />
regional government and its tax revenues for more<br />
than a year in northern Iraq, which they have run in<br />
<strong>de</strong>fianc~ of Baghdad since the 1991 Gulf War.<br />
"Since December, when even Erbil district was<br />
split into PUK and KDP pock<strong>et</strong>s, we have received<br />
..eur salaries only twice," said Abbas Ismail Accrai,<br />
head of a school for six to 12-year-olds in<br />
Salahuddin, the KDi>headquarters.<br />
Although Accrai believed the KDP w.asgenuinely<br />
, short of money, others were more sceptical.<br />
"The KDP has money but they use it for<br />
weapons," said teacher Sherzah Rassoul. Kurdia<br />
Saicf Aziz, the head of a school for 12 to 18-yearold<br />
girls in Erbil, the region'.s main town which is<br />
controlled by the PUK, complained that the PUK<br />
had also only paid teachers' salaries twice.<br />
However, Aziz, 56, remained <strong>de</strong>tennined to ~ive '<br />
'<br />
her pu~ils an education. "We'll teach the pupils<br />
even Without a salary because the Kurdish cliildren<br />
have a right to be taught," she said. ' ,<br />
Other teachers are more fortunate: those in KDPcontrolled<br />
Dahuk province and the PUK-controlled<br />
,Sulaymaniyah province are paid regularly but do<br />
not count themselves as well-off.<br />
'<br />
"We eam b<strong>et</strong>ween 200 and 300 dinars (about 6.5<br />
dollars) per month. With that, we can't even buy a<br />
pair of shoes," said Nesrin Abdallah, a teacher in<br />
. Sulaymanirah town; , ,<br />
Sc~ools.m ~orthern Iraq are in an appalling state,<br />
.parl1cularlym the countrysi<strong>de</strong>. Many village<br />
schools were <strong>de</strong>stroyed by Iraqi Presi<strong>de</strong>nt Saddam<br />
Hussein's forces in the 1980s. .<br />
At Abbas tsmail Accrai' s school in Salahuddin"<br />
children sit on shaky' woo<strong>de</strong>n benches, but in many<br />
village schools pupils have only the bare ground to<br />
sit on and no heating during the winter.<br />
"Education is free of charge for children. But we<br />
don't .haveenough books, notebooks, or pens,"<br />
Accral told AFP. "UNICEF, (the United Nations<br />
,children's fund),provi<strong>de</strong>s each child with five thin<br />
notebooks and some pencils once a year but that's,<br />
not enough," he ad<strong>de</strong>d ..<br />
Accrai heads an Arabic school, where Kurdish is<br />
~>nl~taught as a subsidiary languag~, whereasAziz<br />
IS director of one of the many Kurdish schools that<br />
have opened since the GulfWar. .<br />
"In the 1970s, all classes were run in Kurdish but<br />
the Iraqi government slowly replaced them in the<br />
1980s with Arabic," said AZlz. .<br />
" The regional Kurdish government which began<br />
.operating in mid-1992 supported the opening of.<br />
Kurdish schools and or<strong>de</strong>recf thousands of books 'to<br />
be.r.rinte.din Kurdish., '<br />
, DespIte our problemsnow, the classes are b<strong>et</strong>ter<br />
than before 1991. Wecan give lessons on, Kurdish<br />
history and we don' t have to fill our children' s<br />
, minds with (Iraqi) Baath party propaganda," she<br />
.ad<strong>de</strong>d., .<br />
126
Le Soir - 8 juin 1995<br />
J<br />
0-<br />
.-<br />
Sur l'intervention contre<br />
le PKK en Irak l'union<br />
douanière avec î'Europe,<br />
la démocratisation ...<br />
• Quel bilan tirez-vous personnellement <strong>de</strong><br />
la récente opération militaire turque contre<br />
le PKK dans le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak?<br />
Q C'était une opération dirigée contre les<br />
terroristes Qui avaient transformé les<br />
camps du nord <strong>de</strong> I7rak en bases pour<br />
attaquer nos viRages.Il s'agissait d'em,*<br />
cher ces attaques <strong>et</strong> en ce sens, fopération<br />
a été un succès. A voir les armes <strong>et</strong> les<br />
munitions trowées dans ces bases, on<br />
mesure les dégAts Qu'ilsauraient pu causer<br />
sur notre territoire <strong>et</strong> à nos citoyens si c<strong>et</strong>te<br />
opération n'avait pas été menée.<br />
• Le bilan n'est-il pas plus négatif sur le<br />
plan diplomatique?<br />
Q Tout le mon<strong>de</strong> a vu Que c'était une<br />
opération dirigée uniquement contre les<br />
tefforistes <strong>et</strong> causée par le vi<strong>de</strong> d'autorité<br />
existant au nord <strong>de</strong> I7rak <strong>de</strong>puis la gueffe<br />
du Golfe. La Turquien'était pas responsable<br />
<strong>de</strong> ce vi<strong>de</strong> d'autorité. Certaines personnes<br />
ont peut~tre pr~té <strong>de</strong>s idées expansionnistes<br />
à la Turquie,mais c'était un malentendu.<br />
Il n'y a pas <strong>de</strong> dommage diplomatique dès<br />
lors Que fon comprend bien la raison <strong>de</strong><br />
c<strong>et</strong>te opération <strong>et</strong> son résultat<br />
• Que répon<strong>de</strong>z-vous aux Européens qui<br />
reprochent à la Turquie son approche exclusivement<br />
militaire du problème kur<strong>de</strong>?<br />
Q L'approche n'est pas exclusivement militaire.<br />
L'approche militaire est réservée aux<br />
terroristes,<br />
comme dans les autres pays<br />
européens. Il faut séparer le tefforisme <strong>de</strong>s<br />
<strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>s légitimes pour la démocratie ou<br />
une plus gran<strong>de</strong> participation. Nos citoyens<br />
d'origine kur<strong>de</strong>, turque ou autre jouissent<br />
tous <strong>de</strong>s m~mes lois. Nous voulons développer<br />
notre démocratie dans le sens d'une<br />
plus gran<strong>de</strong> participation, d'une plus libre<br />
expression <strong>de</strong>s idées politiques <strong>et</strong> d'une<br />
administration locale plus étendue.<br />
Décisions en juin<br />
• Beaucoup <strong>de</strong> promesses ont été faites,<br />
notamment par le Premier ministre, quant à<br />
l'amélioration <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme <strong>et</strong> la<br />
reconnaissance <strong>de</strong>s droits culturels. <strong>de</strong>s<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>s. Que peut-on attendre concrèteiiient<br />
dans un proche avenir?<br />
Q On peut attendre Que toutes ces promesse$<br />
seront réalisées. C'est sèulement<br />
une Question<strong>de</strong> temps. C'est en fait l'action<br />
tefforiste Qui rend la réalisation <strong>de</strong> ces<br />
promesses plus difficile. Seul le Parlement<br />
peut changer la Constitution <strong>et</strong> les lois dans<br />
le sens <strong>de</strong> ces promesses, non le Premier<br />
Erdal<br />
Inönü<br />
ministre, <strong>et</strong> le Parlement agit sous 1'inR~<br />
ce <strong>de</strong>s citoyens. Si, dans c<strong>et</strong> état <strong>de</strong> terr0-<br />
risme rampant, la majorité <strong>de</strong>s citoyens<br />
croit QU'on ne peut créer un Etat plus<br />
tolérant, mais Qu'il faut d'abord réduire le<br />
tefforisme, le premier <strong>de</strong>voir est <strong>de</strong> combattre<br />
ce tefforisme. Nous essayons né~<br />
moins <strong>de</strong> poursuivre notre action <strong>de</strong> démtr<br />
cratisation <strong>et</strong> notre action législatiJle au<br />
Parlement.<br />
• Peut-on encore attendre à c<strong>et</strong> égard <strong>de</strong>s<br />
décisions avant la fin <strong>de</strong> la présente session<br />
parlementaire?<br />
Q Oui, évi<strong>de</strong>mment. Un paqu<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> modifications<br />
portant sur 24 articles <strong>de</strong> la Constitution<br />
a été longuement discuté en commission<br />
<strong>et</strong> a été présenté ce lundi à la prési<strong>de</strong>~<br />
ce du Parlement. La séance plénière en<br />
sera saisie la semaine prochaine. Comme<br />
plus <strong>de</strong> trois cents députés <strong>de</strong>s partis <strong>de</strong> la<br />
majorité <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> l'opposition ont déjà signé ce<br />
paqu<strong>et</strong>, il y a <strong>de</strong> très gran<strong>de</strong>s chances Que<br />
ces changements soient adoptés avant la<br />
fin <strong>de</strong>juin. Des modifications <strong>de</strong> lois, Quine<br />
requièrent pas <strong>de</strong> majorité <strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong>ux tiers,<br />
sont également à l'agenda du Parlement,<br />
notamment la loi antitefforiste.<br />
• En son article 8 qui limite la liberté<br />
d'expression?<br />
Q En eff<strong>et</strong> J'espère QU'onveffa également<br />
un changement sur ce plan avant la finjuin.<br />
• Est-ce à dire que les parlementaires prokur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
emprisonnés pourraient être libérés<br />
sous peu?<br />
Q C'est une autre Question. Il s'agit ici<br />
d'une action judiciaire dans laquelle le Parlement<br />
ne peut interférer. On attend encore à<br />
c<strong>et</strong> égard le verdict <strong>de</strong> la Haute cour.<br />
• Pensez-vous, d'après vos contacts avec<br />
les milieux européens ici à Bruxelles, Que le<br />
Parlement européen va approuver raccord<br />
d'union douanière conclu entre les Quinze<br />
<strong>et</strong> la Turquie?<br />
Q Je pense bien Que le Parlement européen<br />
examinera c<strong>et</strong>te Question sérieusement<br />
<strong>et</strong> arrivera à un avis conforme. La<br />
<strong>de</strong>mière fois Qu'il a eu à débattre <strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong>te<br />
Question, il y avait le malentendu concernant<br />
l'action au nord <strong>de</strong> I7rak <strong>et</strong> cela a<br />
influencé la discussion. Mais il n'y a plus<br />
maintenant <strong>de</strong> raison Que c<strong>et</strong>te mawaise<br />
atmosphère persiste. Je crois Quele Parlement<br />
européen aura la bienveillance <strong>de</strong><br />
comprendre Quele Parlement turc est aussi<br />
un parlement, Qu'onne peut lui donner <strong>de</strong>s<br />
ordres <strong>et</strong> Qu'il agit dans un but démocrati-<br />
Que. Je crois Que le Parlement européen<br />
comprendra aussi Quefunion douanière est<br />
une étape dont fUnion européenne <strong>et</strong> la<br />
Turquie bénéficieront parallèlement <strong>et</strong> co~<br />
jointement<br />
• La Turquie n'apprécie guère l'expérience<br />
<strong>de</strong> rautonomie kur<strong>de</strong> dans le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak,<br />
pas plus Qu'elle n'apprécie le maintien <strong>de</strong>s<br />
sanctions internationales contre l'Irak. Estee<br />
à dire Qu'Ankara n'est plus à ce suj<strong>et</strong> sur<br />
la même longueur d'on<strong>de</strong>s Que Washington?<br />
Q Non. En Irak, la Constitution actuelle a<br />
admis une autonomie pour les Kur<strong>de</strong>s au<br />
nord du pays. La difficulté est que les <strong>de</strong>ux<br />
parties, le régime irakien <strong>et</strong> les groupes<br />
vivant au nord <strong>de</strong> I7rak, ne sont pas arrivés<br />
à un consensus pour appliquer c<strong>et</strong>te Constitution.<br />
Nous souhaitons qu'ils arrivent à un<br />
accord sur ce plan <strong>et</strong> que I7rak <strong>de</strong>vienne un<br />
Etat normal Nous n'avons aucune objection<br />
à ce que certains jouissent d'une autonomie<br />
selon la ConstitUtion. Notre malaise tient au<br />
fait qu'On n'est pas arrivé à une situation<br />
normale au nord <strong>de</strong> I7rak. On en a vu les<br />
conséquences en matière <strong>de</strong> tefforisme<br />
dirigé contre la Turquie.<br />
• Selon vous, les sanctions contre l'Irak<br />
<strong>de</strong>vraient~lIes être levées?<br />
Q Elles <strong>de</strong>vront ~tre levées. Si elles ne le<br />
sont pas encore, c'est parce qu'il n'y a pas<br />
encore <strong>de</strong> paix entre I7rak <strong>et</strong> le Conseil <strong>de</strong><br />
sécurité <strong>de</strong>s Nations unies. Celui-ci pense<br />
que I7rak n'a pas encore rempli toutes les<br />
conditions nécessaires.<br />
• Est-ce aussi votre avis?<br />
Q L'Irak a rempli beaucoup <strong>de</strong>s conditions<br />
<strong>de</strong>mandées. Il a reconnu les frontières du<br />
Koweït, il n'a plus d'armes nucléaires. Restent<br />
urie question d'armes chimiques <strong>et</strong> une<br />
question <strong>de</strong> prisonniers <strong>de</strong> gueffe à régler.<br />
/I est vrai que I7rak souffre beaucoup <strong>de</strong>s<br />
sanctions, <strong>et</strong> nous en souffrons également<br />
beaucoiJp. La rupture <strong>de</strong> nos relations économiques<br />
avec I7rak nous a coOté jusqu'à<br />
présent quelque chose comme 25 milliards<br />
<strong>de</strong> doUars. C'est pourquoi nous souhaitons<br />
la levée <strong>de</strong>s sanctions aussi vite que possible.<br />
Mais nous faisons évi<strong>de</strong>mment partie<br />
<strong>de</strong>s Nations unies <strong>et</strong> nous ne pouvons pas<br />
les lever unilatéralement. Nous souhaitons<br />
que f1rakaffive à un accord avec fONU.<br />
Propos recuellls par<br />
PERRE LEFÈVRE<br />
127
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LAPRENSA-BASIN OZETi<br />
Union douanière <strong>et</strong> violations <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme ne font pas bon ménage<br />
Entre la Turquie <strong>et</strong> l'Europe, quel avenir?<br />
L<br />
'Union douanière entre la<br />
Turquie <strong>et</strong> l'Union européenne,<br />
sur ,laquelle le Parlement<br />
européen doit encore se prononcer<br />
- en septembre ou en<br />
octobre -, continue' dè susciter<br />
bien <strong>de</strong>s débats. Tradition- ,<br />
nellement, les discussions opposent<br />
ceux qui estiment qu'un<br />
rapprochement avec la Turquie<br />
perm<strong>et</strong>trait d'exercer <strong>de</strong>s pressions<br />
plus efficaces sur ce pays<br />
<strong>et</strong> ceux qui estiment qu'un tel"<br />
rapprochement est impensable<br />
aussi longtemps qu'Ankara n'au-:<br />
ra pas n<strong>et</strong>tement amélioré la<br />
situation <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme.<br />
Pour tenter <strong>de</strong> préciser les données<br />
du débat, la Fédération<br />
internationale <strong>de</strong>s Ligues <strong>de</strong>s"<br />
droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme organisait<br />
hièr un forum <strong>de</strong> réflexion en<br />
compagnie <strong>de</strong> parlementaires<br />
européens <strong>et</strong> d'intervenants avaient été extradées <strong>de</strong> pays ,Avis <strong>de</strong> Rènzo Imbeni, vice-préturcs<br />
<strong>et</strong> kur<strong>de</strong>s. Ceux-ci, d'ern- européens vers la Turquie ont si<strong>de</strong>nt du Parlement européen,<br />
bléè, ont dressé un tableau très été, condamnées à la peine <strong>de</strong> très actif dans le domaine <strong>de</strong>s<br />
'sombre. Ercan Kanar, vice-pré- t . 'I d droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme: Le Parlesi<strong>de</strong>.nt<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'Association. <strong>de</strong>s mort, soulignan amsl,'e anger ment euro'Péen doit, selon moi,'<br />
'que les pays d'accueil font coudroits<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'homme <strong>de</strong> Turquie rir aux réfugiés Qu'ilsrenvoient. respecter ses positions ant~<br />
(IHO), a rappelé que 166 intel- Ces violations <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> rieures, qui lient la coopération<br />
lectuels sont actuellement en l'homme ont cours partout en européenne [avec un pays] au<br />
prison en Turquie simpl~ment respect <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme<br />
pour avoir défendu leurs Idées; Turquie, mais elles touchent da- [sur son territoire]. Et, lors <strong>de</strong> la<br />
qu'en 1994,' 14.473 personnes vantage les minorités, notarn- révision du Traité <strong>de</strong> Maastricht,<br />
ment les Kur<strong>de</strong>s. Dans le Sudont<br />
été placées en gar<strong>de</strong> à vue, Est anatolien, 2.500 villages le premier changement à apporparmi<br />
lesquelles 328 ont «dis- ont été vidés, 2,5 millions <strong>de</strong> ter sera d'insister sur le fàf(que<br />
paru,. <strong>et</strong> 292 ont été assassi- S la politique extérieure europeen-:<br />
t, personnes déportées. ans par- ne "'o/'t ë"'L> mL>née en &onc"7'on<br />
298 t rt 1er <strong>de</strong> l'interdiction es noms <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme.<br />
que. personnes son mo es kur<strong>de</strong>s, <strong>de</strong>s partis kur<strong>de</strong>s...<br />
à la suite <strong>de</strong> tortures <strong>et</strong> d'une<br />
La Turquie a incontestablement<br />
«disparition" - tout récern- Tant que la liberté d'expressio,n encore du chemin à parcourir:<br />
ment, on a r<strong>et</strong>rouvé les corp~ est considérée comme un délit, pas plus tard qu'hier, un collabomutilés<br />
<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux personnes qUi que les militaires mènent lé rateur allemand d'Amnesty Interavaient<br />
été ainsi enlevées. pays, la Turquie ne doit pas •national a été arrêté à Adana <strong>et</strong><br />
M. Kanar a également insist~ entrer dans J'Union douanière," conduit à l'aéroport d'Istanbul.<br />
sur le fait que 40personnes qUI conclut Ercan Kanar. AGNÈS GORISSEN<br />
nées par un «au eur mconnu,.; d UI Ut;... f."<br />
US aid to l'urkey maybe split<br />
into installments by Congress<br />
Linkage:Aid payments could be<br />
linked to periodic rights reports<br />
for Congress'<br />
By Ul!ur Akmel<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
WASHINGTON-<br />
A new report<br />
on Turkey just released by the<br />
State Department is expected by<br />
some observers to influence the conditions<br />
of FMF (Foreign Military Financing)<br />
assistance given to Turkey. One such new con'-<br />
dition might involve splitting the total amount<br />
given to Turkey into four tranches, according to<br />
a TDN source on Capitol Hill. A similar, but<br />
much mil<strong>de</strong>r, report on Greece which has also<br />
been just released is not expected to have any<br />
, effect on assistance to Greece..<br />
A senior Congressional source, who pre- '<br />
ferred to remain anonymous, told the TDN<br />
today that the report "has to have some im~act"<br />
on the amount of assistance to be appropnated<br />
for Turkey.<br />
The State Department report" prepared in<br />
consultatioJl with the Pentagon, conclu<strong>de</strong>d that,<br />
, "it is highlX likely that" U.S.-ma<strong>de</strong> equipment<br />
was use~ ' In sUPp.?rtof the eyacuation ~~d/or<br />
<strong>de</strong>struction of VIllages" dunng the mIhtary ,<br />
campaign the Turkish security forces carried<br />
out ~ga1Dstoutlawed Kurdistan Workers' Party.<br />
(PKK) terrorists. "<br />
The TDN source said that the report was<br />
"quite <strong>de</strong>vastating on human rights abuses" in<br />
Turkey, so "it can"t be ignored." Turkey and<br />
the State Department, on the other hand,<br />
Report: State' Dept. report expected<br />
to have negative impact on military<br />
aid toTurkey<br />
<strong>de</strong>scribed the report as a "balanced"<br />
document '<br />
Four reports for four tranches<br />
Another informed Congressional<br />
source said Congress might propose to<br />
divi<strong>de</strong> the FMF aSSlStànce appropriated for<br />
, Turkey into four quarterly tranches for the<br />
financIal year 1996 and mandate the U.S. State<br />
Department to come up with four quarterly<br />
reports on human rights violations in Turkey.<br />
Last year Prime Mirnster Tansu çilJer rejected '<br />
the conditional 10 percent ofU.S. assistance.<br />
The Greek government also rejected ten per<br />
cent of U.S. FMF loans conditional on proof<br />
that Greece is not violating U.N. sanctions on<br />
Serbia, as well as the U.N. Charter. Turkey is<br />
again expected to reject such quaiterly monitor-<br />
128
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇÄPÊ-RlVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
ing and turn down. any aid with these con~tions<br />
attached. CongressIOnal sources say that this year<br />
the conditional amount could be as low as ten or as<br />
high as nin<strong>et</strong>y percent.<br />
.The ilea of "four tranches" was reportedly fust<br />
suggestd by some Congressional staffers to com-<br />
the State Department to come up with a<br />
stronger report thai1 the initial drafts indicated. "It<br />
was a' posturing maneuver:' a TON source said,<br />
But there are inilications that the i<strong>de</strong>a might eventually<br />
be adopted by the relevant committees since<br />
some members of Congress believe that the fmal<br />
report did not criticize the human rights violations<br />
in Turkey as much as it should ..<br />
o pel<br />
Watch for Porter<br />
Another possibility is for Rep. John Porter (R-<br />
IL) to push for eliminating all direct loans to<br />
Turkey even without WaIting for the end of<br />
financial year 1996 when the F-16 project, and<br />
thus the whole FMF program, comes to an automaticend.<br />
The House International Committee's currently<br />
recommen<strong>de</strong>d level of $320 million for Turkey in<br />
financial year 1996 "compl<strong>et</strong>es the commitment of<br />
the United Slates for funding of Peace Onyx I/Il, a<br />
joint F-16 fighter aircraft program for the<br />
Turkish Air Force," according to the committee<br />
report on HR 1561 ( on which <strong>de</strong>bate resumes this<br />
week).<br />
Porter, a vocal critic of human rights violations<br />
in Turkey, wears two hats on the committee that is<br />
important as far as assistance to Turkey is concerned:<br />
the House Appro'priations committee.<br />
Porter is the ranking majority member of the<br />
Foreign Operations subcommIttee and he also<br />
serves as the chairman of the Labor, Health and<br />
Human Services and Education subcommittee.<br />
The Foreign Operations subcommittee is chaired<br />
by Sonny Callahan of Alabama, an affable legislator<br />
who is believed to be sympath<strong>et</strong>ic to TurIœy's<br />
c~ncerns. His private me<strong>et</strong>ing with Prime Minister<br />
Ciller's top aI<strong>de</strong>, Professor Emre Gönensay, on<br />
Çapitol.Hill in February ,reportedly ma<strong>de</strong> a good<br />
Impr7ssIOn on him concermng the importance of<br />
Tu~kish-U.S. relations. So he might be expe
REVUE DE PRESSE.~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ~RIVISTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BÀSIN ÖZETi<br />
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Erdal Inonu, ministre <strong>de</strong>s .Affaires.étra..llgères turc, est<br />
optimiste sur lanrise en œuvre du traité d'union douanière.<br />
Bruxelles (VE)<br />
<strong>de</strong> notre correspondant<br />
e~àBruxeDes,<br />
mardi <strong>et</strong> mercredi, &-<br />
D da} Inonu, le ministre<br />
.<strong>de</strong>s Affaires étrangères <strong>de</strong><br />
Turquie, s'estdédaréconfiant<br />
surla prochaine entrée en vi-<br />
'gueur du traité' d'Union<br />
,douanièreavec l'Union européenne<br />
le 1er janvier<br />
'prochain. Ankaras'effor-<br />
'ce <strong>de</strong> modifier sa législationjudiciaire,<br />
notamment<br />
en ce qui concerne la liber-<br />
~é d'expression, <strong>et</strong> écono- ,<br />
!inique afin <strong>de</strong> répondre à ~.<br />
la fois aux exigences du, ;<br />
.traité <strong>et</strong> aux <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>s du ~<br />
Parlement européen. En~ i<br />
tr<strong>et</strong>ien. ~<br />
Dans un premier temps, ErdaJlnonu: «Des réformes s,urles libertésfondamentales seront adoptées.»<br />
l'Union doUanière va sur-<br />
un règlement <strong>de</strong> la question kur<strong>de</strong> ainsi que <strong>de</strong> cel.<br />
le <strong>de</strong> Chypre, outrepasse ses compétences?<br />
Désormais, l;on pense, <strong>et</strong>fen suis d'accord, que le respect<br />
<strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme ne peut pas être considéré<br />
comme uneaffaite intérieure. Chaque Etat est tenu <strong>de</strong><br />
Evi-<br />
respecter les droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme pour ses citoyens. S'il ne<br />
le fait pas, ilpeut être critiqué par les autres Etats. Cela<br />
fait partie dé notre agenda politique. Je pense que les réformes<br />
élargissant les libertés fondamentales seront<br />
adoptées d'ici la fin du mois. En revanche, la structure<br />
essentielle <strong>de</strong> l'Etat est décidée par le peuple <strong>et</strong> lui seul.<br />
Quand le Parlement européen nous dit que nous <strong>de</strong>vrions<br />
adopter une structure fédérale<br />
(afin <strong>de</strong> régler le pro-<br />
ENTRETIEN<br />
blème <strong>de</strong> la minorité kur<strong>de</strong>,<br />
ndlr), c'est une idée que nous pouvons négliger.<br />
La Turquie va-t-elle prendre une initiative poutfac!-<br />
liter le règlement <strong>de</strong> la question chypriote?<br />
Une solution définitive <strong>de</strong> ce problème profitera clairemènt<br />
à la Turquie <strong>et</strong> au secteur turc <strong>de</strong> l'île car nous ne<br />
gagnons rien au fait que le mon<strong>de</strong> se préoccupe <strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong>te<br />
question. Donc c'est notre intérêt d'agir en ce sens.<br />
Certes, il y a une vie paisible là-bas, ce n'est pas comme<br />
en Bosnie. Mais on doit arriver à une solution définitive<br />
qui passe par un accord entre les <strong>de</strong>ux communautés,<br />
grecque <strong>et</strong> turque, <strong>de</strong> l'île. Je suis optimiste: il y aura une<br />
solution dans l'avenir immédiat.<br />
La Turquie va.t.elle tenter dtit régler autrement que:<br />
par la répression la question kur<strong>de</strong>?<br />
nfaut distinguer entre le terrorisme <strong>et</strong> les <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>s lé~<br />
gitirnes <strong>de</strong> nos citoyens d'origine kur<strong>de</strong>. Nous poursui':<br />
vons l'effort démocratique pour élargir la participation.<br />
<strong>de</strong> tous nos citoyens. Déjà, il n'y a pas <strong>de</strong> discrimination:<br />
nous avons <strong>de</strong>s ministres, <strong>de</strong>s généraux, <strong>de</strong>s banquiers<br />
d'origine kur<strong>de</strong>. Mais tant qu'il Yaura ce terrorisme, ily<br />
aura <strong>de</strong>s réactions à c<strong>et</strong>te terreur <strong>et</strong> les gens ne voudront<br />
pas entendre les <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>s kur<strong>de</strong>s. Le bon fonctionnement<br />
<strong>de</strong>s lois actuelles <strong>et</strong> les réformes nécessitent une atmosphère<br />
plus tolérante. Nos amis <strong>de</strong> l'extérieur <strong>de</strong>vraient<br />
nous témoigner leur solidarité contre ces actions<br />
terroristes, car moins <strong>de</strong> terrorisme perm<strong>et</strong>tra d' appliquer<br />
les réformes.<br />
tout profiter aux Quinze •••<br />
Oui mais nous voyons l'union douanière comme un pas<br />
lyers l'intégration économique avec l'Union. Et nous<br />
pensons qu'elle nous mènera à l'adhésion pleine <strong>et</strong> entière<br />
à l'Union, ce qui a toujours été l'idéal <strong>de</strong> la Turquie:<br />
c'est la logique normale' <strong>de</strong> l'élargissement.<br />
<strong>de</strong>mment pour aller vers Uneintégration plus avancée, il<br />
y a <strong>de</strong>s sta<strong>de</strong>s où l'on perd plus que l'on ne gagne, mais<br />
à la fin nous arriverons à \.lll niveau <strong>de</strong> développement<br />
:plus élevé pour notre économie <strong>et</strong> notre société.<br />
'Certains secteurs <strong>de</strong> l'appareil d'Etat ne sont.<br />
Ils. pas opposé il un rapprochement avec<br />
l'Union européenne?<br />
Non. C'est une tendance<br />
'générale <strong>de</strong> l'intelligentsia<br />
turque, <strong>et</strong> donc <strong>de</strong>s ministères, <strong>de</strong> la bureaucratie, <strong>de</strong> l'armée<br />
<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s juges qui en sont une partie, d'être en faveur<br />
d'une intégration <strong>de</strong> plus en plus forte à l'Union. Mais<br />
<strong>de</strong>s secteurs comme le,ministère.<strong>de</strong> l'Intérieur ou encore<br />
l'année se voient comme les gardiens <strong>de</strong> l'ordre <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> la<br />
stabilité en Turquie. Alors, compte tenu du terrorisme<br />
qui existe c.heznous, ils.semontrent plus méfiants. Mais<br />
c'est une règle générale qùe dans chaque Etat, il y a <strong>de</strong>s<br />
forces <strong>de</strong> l'ordre <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s forces libérales <strong>et</strong> qu'il faut un<br />
,consensus entre ces <strong>de</strong>ux secteurs pour arriver à une réforme<br />
continue <strong>et</strong> pacifique.<br />
L'impuissance <strong>de</strong> l'Union il régler le conflit yougo.<br />
slave n'a-t-elle pas refroidi votre enthousiasme à la<br />
rejoindre?<br />
Au début, nous avons faÎt tout notre possible pour ai<strong>de</strong>r<br />
nos amis <strong>de</strong> l'Union, <strong>de</strong> l'Otan, <strong>de</strong> l'ONU à avoir<br />
une attitu<strong>de</strong> plus ferme en Boshie. Car, ou bien vous<br />
donnez aux bosniaques les moyens <strong>de</strong> se défendre ou<br />
bien vous les défen<strong>de</strong>z vous-mêmes. Si vous ne faites<br />
ni l'un ni l'autre, alors l'agression <strong>et</strong> la souffrance<br />
continuent. C'est ce qui s'est passé. Mais après la pri-<br />
-lied'otages <strong>de</strong>s Casques bleus <strong>et</strong> les <strong>de</strong>rnières agressions,<br />
on aura la volonté d'arrêter l'agression.<br />
La Turquie s'est toujours montré très pru<strong>de</strong>nte <strong>de</strong>puis le<br />
début du conflit.<br />
'<br />
Considérez.vous que le Parlement européen, qui a<br />
posé en préalable illa ratification <strong>de</strong> l'Union doua.<br />
nière, un meilleur respect <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme,<br />
Recueilli<br />
par JEAN QUATREMER<br />
130
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZET;<br />
."<br />
AkIn Birdal: Kurdish people will <strong>de</strong>ci<strong>de</strong><br />
if PKK will be part of the peace process<br />
to <strong>de</strong>ci<strong>de</strong> On the PKK' s future role in<br />
Turkey. 'The only <strong>de</strong>cision-making body<br />
in Turkey is the Turkish Grand National<br />
.A.~se1,l\bly(TJ3~)l'TDN S41
THURSDAY. JUNE 8. 1995<br />
_je -!. .... i: Of.'<br />
W<br />
N<br />
Turkish Daily News- ;<br />
::t:J<br />
been consi<strong>de</strong>ring.writing a l<strong>et</strong>ter'to Alliin<br />
Juppe stating that Turkey would like to be<br />
inclu<strong>de</strong>d in the Cannes summit, but it is not<br />
.clear wh<strong>et</strong>her she will send such a l<strong>et</strong>ter or<br />
s~pl¥ raise ~e issu~ during her visit in <strong>Paris</strong>. .<br />
Ills possIble (Oli the part of the European<br />
'Union) to extend'aninvitation toTurkey. We<br />
,have already send out f~lers in thatdirec-<br />
. tion," a senior TurkisQ diplomat said.<br />
. Ankara has so far concealed itsdisap~int-<br />
. ment over not having received an invitaUOnto<br />
.the summit" which marks the end of the<br />
French presidèncy.. ,: , , '.', '<br />
''What is important for us at this' point is to compl<strong>et</strong>e our obligations '<br />
and realize the customs union, which provi<strong>de</strong>s a cornerstonein our aim<br />
of full membership, and thereby join in the 1996 conference, where<br />
important <strong>de</strong>cisions will be ma<strong>de</strong>," Foreign Ministry's <strong>de</strong>puty<br />
spoKesman Nur<strong>et</strong>tin Nurkan told a press conference last week. '<br />
Asked what Turkey thought of the fact that Il nonmembers, in:clud-•<br />
ing Central and Easteni European states, Cyprus and Malta, were invited,<br />
Nurkan replied: ','This is not a new <strong>de</strong>velopment but a,reflection of<br />
, their enlargement perspective." , '<br />
Inönü told Brussels that Turkey regar<strong>de</strong>d the customs union as a step'<br />
toward full membership. He soun<strong>de</strong>d confi<strong>de</strong>nt on the customs union,<br />
, telling van <strong>de</strong>n Broek that the Turkish government believes jt will have'<br />
done enough by October to persua<strong>de</strong> the European Parliament to<br />
approve Ankara forming a customs union with the EU next y.ear.<br />
Inönü said he ho~ the documents on constitutional reform would<br />
be ready at the end of this month. He ad<strong>de</strong>d that his government, bol-,<br />
stered by weekend Jocal el~tions, w9uld press ahead wit!?a pac~age of<br />
reformmeasures Withthe aIm of puttmg tliem to the Turkish Parliament<br />
by the end of this month. "I am quite hopeful that all these procedures<br />
, will be finalized on time and that Turkey will become a member of the<br />
customs union by Jan. I, 1996," he said. Van <strong>de</strong>n Broek's spokesman<br />
said Inönü ,had told the commissioner his country was on the right track<br />
to satisfy both the European Union and the European p'arliament.<br />
"The Commissioner was very encouraged by the news from the foreign<br />
minister," he said. "He un<strong>de</strong>rlined that the EU and Turkey had the<br />
common goal of forming the customs union."<br />
US report calls PKK real<br />
,threat to Americaninterests<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
ANKARA-TheU.S. "19!14 Global.<br />
, Terrorism Report" issued by the State<br />
, Department in Â~ril inclu<strong>de</strong>s the Kurdistan<br />
Workers' Party (PKK) -in a list of-organiZations<br />
that threaten U.S. i'nterests, the<br />
Anatolian news agency reported on<br />
Wednesday. ' ,<br />
The Department' s 1994 report had not<br />
inclu<strong>de</strong>d tlie PKK among groups that pose a<br />
danger for U.S interests.<br />
,~'ThePKK employs the tactics of international<br />
terrorism m itscampaign to s<strong>et</strong>up a '<br />
s,epara.te state in the Southeastern part of<br />
Turkey," this year:s report stated, saying<br />
that this constituted a threat to Amencan<br />
interests.<br />
The report also said that the PKK had<br />
spread its terrorist activities to Western<br />
Europe, thus causing disturbances in the<br />
West. It mentioned that the political wing of<br />
the PKK - the ERNK - had opened<br />
bureaus in Italy and Greece last year. '<br />
The re{lO.~pointed ~ut that ~~ PKK's tl:!-<br />
ronst activIties targ<strong>et</strong>mg tounstIc resorts m<br />
Turkey had <strong>de</strong>clinedin 1994. However, it<br />
stlltedthat PKK operations targ<strong>et</strong>ing the<br />
government and economic sources in<br />
Turkey were dangerous both for Turks and<br />
foreigners in the country.<br />
The report, which <strong>de</strong>scribes the terrorist<br />
activities in the world during 1994, also<br />
mentioned the Islamic terrorists organizations<br />
in Turkey for the first time.<br />
The daily Cumhuriy<strong>et</strong> quoted the report<br />
as saying "the fu'ndamentalist ISlamic<br />
gro~ps. organized' attacks on, secular st~te<br />
msbtutlOns."<br />
,The daily said the report had named ,<br />
Islamic Jihad, (Islami Cibad) the Islamic<br />
Movement Organization and the Great<br />
Eastern Islamic Rai<strong>de</strong>rs- Front (IBDA-C)<br />
among Islamic terrorist organizations:<br />
The report also highlIghted that these<br />
Islamic organizations had carried out their '<br />
attacks with the aim of establishing Sharia<br />
or Islamic law. These'Islamic organizations<br />
was <strong>de</strong>scribed as anti-West in the report. .<br />
Another terrorist orgaiùzation the report<br />
<strong>de</strong>scribed as a threat was the Revolutionary<br />
Left (Dev Sol) in Turkey. The feJlC?rt stated<br />
thu. Dev-Sol was still a potenbal danger<br />
both for U.S interests and for Americans<br />
working in Turkey, <strong>de</strong>spite the internal divisions<br />
which have weakened Dev-Sol.<br />
The report accused Iran of supporting<br />
international terrorism and said that this<br />
country participated in terrorist activities<br />
directly. ' , .<br />
Iraq is the other country ,the report links<br />
with terrorism. It siated that the Iraqi gov- ,<br />
ernment was providing, logistic facihties<br />
and shelters for the terrorist organiZations.<br />
The report also said that although there is<br />
no evi<strong>de</strong>nce of Syria's direct support of<br />
international terronsm since 1986, it stated<br />
that Syrian administration was providing<br />
logistic supports and shelters for many terrorist<br />
or:gamzations~including the PKK.<br />
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.turc, <strong>et</strong> sillonné par <strong>de</strong>s cargos <strong>et</strong> paquebots<br />
aux sir~nes stri<strong>de</strong>ntes.<br />
TIes sirènes, Ozgul Eren, ancien architecte<br />
reconverti dans le prosélytisme,<br />
en délivre à la pelle, par voie<br />
hertzienne. Envoûtantes à souhait,<br />
propres à séduire non les marins mais<br />
les terriens, les paysans, les exilés <strong>de</strong>s<br />
plaines lointaines d'Anatolie, perdus.<br />
dans la gran<strong>de</strong> ville d'Istanbul <strong>et</strong> en-<br />
- clins à r<strong>et</strong>rouver <strong>de</strong>s racines oubliées. A<br />
longueur <strong>de</strong> journée, les ém<strong>et</strong>teurs <strong>de</strong><br />
Kanal 7 propagent la sainte parole,<br />
prêche d'un règne annoncé. Point <strong>de</strong><br />
censure outrancière: entre les murs <strong>de</strong><br />
ces studios <strong>de</strong> fortune, on tolère les débats<br />
contradictoires, les femmes non<br />
voilées, les <strong>de</strong>ssins animés d'Occi<strong>de</strong>nt,<br />
univers pourtant honni hors antenne.<br />
Et peu importe à ces prédicateurs patentés<br />
que leur audience baisse lorsque<br />
les chaines privées, au crépuscule, prom<strong>et</strong>tent<br />
aux foyers stambouliotes jupons,<br />
danses lascives <strong>et</strong> blon<strong>de</strong>s effeuillées.<br />
Ceux-là savent que le grand<br />
soir enveloppera bientôt ces rivages<br />
aux mœurs maudites. La conquête <strong>de</strong>s<br />
. âmes sur les bords du Bosphore s'effectue<br />
aussi par les on<strong>de</strong>s. Et le p<strong>et</strong>it<br />
écran, clament-ils avec l'assurance <strong>de</strong>s<br />
zélateurs <strong>de</strong> « l'ordre juste», ne constitue<br />
que le prolongement naturel <strong>de</strong>s<br />
minar<strong>et</strong>s.<br />
Depuis un an, Istanbul, la «vieille<br />
main couverte <strong>de</strong> bijoux tendue vers t'Europe»<br />
que vénérait Cocteau, s'est parée<br />
<strong>de</strong> nouveaux atours. Des bagues<br />
.vertes, aux couleurs <strong>de</strong> l'Islam, davantagè<br />
tournées vers l'Orient. En mars<br />
1994, les islamistes du Refah Partisi, le<br />
Parti <strong>de</strong> la prospérité, conquièrent les<br />
gran<strong>de</strong>s villes. Istanbul, Ankara <strong>et</strong><br />
d'autres cités, sYII!boles <strong>de</strong> la laïcité<br />
turque, imposée en 1926 par Kemal<br />
Atatürk; le « Père <strong>de</strong> tous les Turcs»,<br />
tombent dans leur escarcelle. Horreur,<br />
clament les Stambôuliotes. Puis la peur<br />
le cè<strong>de</strong> à une curiosité. Quid <strong>de</strong> l'obscurantisme<br />
tant redouté?<br />
On déménage les vespasiennes<br />
At, l'usure du pouvoir les « maires<br />
verts» du Refah sont désormais<br />
confrontés. «Istanbul, c'est un ca<strong>de</strong>au<br />
empoisonné », persiflent les « laïcards».<br />
Passent encore les décisions <strong>de</strong> pacotille<br />
... A peine intronisé, le nouveau<br />
.maître d'Istanbul, Recep Tayip Erdogan,<br />
décréta que les toil<strong>et</strong>tes <strong>de</strong> la mairie<br />
n'étaient pas en o<strong>de</strong>ur <strong>de</strong> saint<strong>et</strong>é.<br />
Tournées vers La Mecque, elles gênaient<br />
l'élu, qui ordonna <strong>de</strong> déplacer<br />
les vespasiennes en <strong>de</strong>s lieux moins<br />
.profanes. Quant à la sécheresse légendaire<br />
d'Istanbul, le maire, pour la<br />
contrer, s'en est remis à la puissance<br />
divine. Plus <strong>de</strong> fusées atmosphériques<br />
pour inciter les nuages à s'épandre, les<br />
prières collectives suffiront. Mais les<br />
incantations <strong>de</strong>s muftis sont restées<br />
vaines, <strong>et</strong> face aux errements <strong>de</strong>s cieux,<br />
MONDI<br />
Erdogan, l'âme en peine, a dû renouer<br />
avec la technologie décriée. Les<br />
gran<strong>de</strong>s réformes, eUes, dorment encore<br />
dans les tiroirs ...<br />
«Avec ses douze millions d'habitants,<br />
Istanbul est une ville ingérable », avance<br />
un diplomate turc, en écho au portrait<br />
qu'en fit le romancier Yachar Kemal:<br />
«Une ville au cœur rongé par <strong>de</strong>s milliers,<br />
<strong>de</strong>s millions <strong>de</strong> vers grouillants, où<br />
tout pourrit, l'eau, le sel, <strong>et</strong> jusqu'aux<br />
pierres <strong>et</strong> jusqu'aux f1ommes.'; La corruption,<br />
que décriaient hier encore les<br />
fondamentalistes à l'assaut <strong>de</strong>s villes ?<br />
«Au lieu <strong>de</strong> graisser la patte <strong>de</strong>s employés<br />
<strong>de</strong> mairie pour avoir l'eau ou un<br />
permis <strong>de</strong> construire, lance Okay Gönensin,<br />
directeur du quotidien Yeni YÜzyil<br />
("Nouveau Siècle ''), on paie désormais<br />
une fondation islamique!»<br />
Depuis leur victoire, il est vrai, les<br />
LA TURQUIE EN CHIFFRES<br />
République: <strong>de</strong>puis 1923 ; laïcité<br />
instaurée en 1924 ; prési<strong>de</strong>nt: Süleyman<br />
Demirel (<strong>de</strong>puis 1993); Premier<br />
ministre: Tansu Ciller (<strong>de</strong>puis<br />
1993).<br />
Population: 62 millions d'habitants,<br />
dont 12 à 15 millions <strong>de</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong>s.<br />
D<strong>et</strong>te extérieure: 65 milliards<strong>de</strong> dollars.<br />
Croissance: - 5,4 % en 1994; prévisions<br />
pour 1995: 3 %.<br />
Inflation: 90 %.<br />
Pouvoir d'achat: - 15 à 20 % en<br />
1994.<br />
édiles qui brandissent le Coran n'ont<br />
eu <strong>de</strong> cesse <strong>de</strong> songer à <strong>de</strong>s mannes<br />
bien peu célestes: les caisses <strong>de</strong> leur<br />
parti. L'un <strong>de</strong>s dirigeants, Süleyman<br />
Mercûmek, qui feint l'apostolat, est ainsi<br />
accusé d'avoir détourne <strong>de</strong>s dons pour<br />
la Bosnie - plusieurs millions <strong>de</strong> dollars<br />
... C<strong>et</strong> homme d'affaires,' qui<br />
compte <strong>de</strong>s intérêts dans le charbon,<br />
l'édition <strong>et</strong> la construction, brasse <strong>de</strong>s<br />
sommes astronomiques. <strong>de</strong>stinées au<br />
parti. 250 millions <strong>de</strong> dallais, en provenance<br />
d'Arabie saoudite, <strong>de</strong> la Ugue<br />
islamique mondiale <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> l'émigration<br />
turque en Allemagne, auraient ainsi<br />
transité entre ses mains. Quitte à ce<br />
qu'il empO'che au passage <strong>de</strong> substantielles<br />
commissions, plus tangibles que<br />
les promesses <strong>de</strong> paradis. De généreux<br />
bienfaiteurs cè<strong>de</strong>nt-ils une large aumône<br />
pour construire une université<br />
islamique? Mercümek s'empresse <strong>de</strong><br />
revendre le terrain à <strong>de</strong>s ouvriers turcs.<br />
La justice enquête. Les fins limiers d'In- .<br />
terpol, eux, ont tranché: <strong>de</strong>rrière<br />
l'homme pieux se cache un redoutable<br />
blanchisseur d'argent sale.<br />
Dans son palais rose qui domine les<br />
eaux <strong>de</strong> la Corne d'or, bras du Bosphore,<br />
le maire islamiste <strong>de</strong> Beyöglu,<br />
quartier chic d'Istanbul <strong>et</strong> ancienne ville<br />
<strong>de</strong>s Génois au temps <strong>de</strong> Constantinople,<br />
ne veut rien entendre <strong>de</strong> ces accusations<br />
irrévérencieuses. « Allah reconnaîtra<br />
les siens», professe-t-il en<br />
substance. Ingénieur <strong>de</strong>Jormation, Nusr<strong>et</strong><br />
Bayraktar; qui arbore un costume<br />
bien peu traditionnel- veste orange <strong>et</strong><br />
chemise bleu sombre à la mo<strong>de</strong> - jure<br />
que la cité se porte mieux. Sans doute<br />
parce que ses frasques <strong>et</strong> désirs <strong>de</strong> noU:<br />
veau vizir ont été amendés ... Les caf<strong>et</strong>iers,<br />
porte-drapeau du péché, ont ains!<br />
été sommés <strong>de</strong> rapatrier sous leur toit<br />
les tables <strong>de</strong>s trottoirs, vitrines d'un alcool<br />
surabondant <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> jeunes filles en<br />
décoll<strong>et</strong>é. Tollé dans la ville. Le maire a<br />
reculé, <strong>et</strong> les effluves du raki envahissent<br />
toujours les rues du quartier, fréquentées<br />
par <strong>de</strong>s amants que nul sermon<br />
ne semble pouvoir séparer.<br />
Autre combat, digne d'un calife: la<br />
couleur <strong>de</strong>s trottoirs. «Peignez-les en<br />
vert», a ordonné le maire à son bataillon<br />
d'employés municipaux. Nouvelle tempête.<br />
Le maire a fait amen<strong>de</strong> honorable.<br />
«Ne croyez pas que c'était pour l'islam,<br />
se justJfie Bayraktar avec la fausse ingénuité<br />
<strong>de</strong>s vrais conspirateurs. Le vert,<br />
c'est bon pour les yeux. Deman<strong>de</strong>z donc<br />
à votre mé<strong>de</strong>cin ... »<br />
1 000 mosquées par an<br />
A l'entendre, la takkiye, l'art <strong>de</strong> la dissimulation<br />
que partageaient Persans <strong>et</strong><br />
Ottomans dans les cours impériales, ne<br />
reste pas l<strong>et</strong>tre morte entre les mu- ..<br />
railles d'Istanbul. Comme la palinodie.<br />
«Banalisation du discours», disent cer:<br />
tains détracteurs. «Au contraire, s'in- .<br />
surgent les autres: ils ne veulent plus<br />
effrayer pour mieux prendre le pouvoir. » .<br />
Reproche-t-{)n au secrétaire général du<br />
Refah, Oguzhan Asiltürk, les <strong>de</strong>rnières<br />
affaires <strong>de</strong> corruption <strong>et</strong> la montée<br />
d'une mafia islamiste, il balaie d'un<br />
geste altier ces griefs <strong>et</strong> parle <strong>de</strong> son<br />
rêve <strong>de</strong> conquête, « en fidèle Ottoman» :<br />
les quatre coins du pays, du bazar d'Istanbul<br />
au fin fond <strong>de</strong> l'Anatolie.<br />
Curieuse symbiose, tout <strong>de</strong> même,<br />
qui règne dans les rues d'Istanbul, <strong>et</strong><br />
au-<strong>de</strong>là, dans la Turquie entière. Deux<br />
mon<strong>de</strong>s cohabitent <strong>et</strong> s'épient au pays<br />
d'Atatürk: le mon<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> la tessekur, la<br />
stricte tenue islamique, que présentent<br />
avec une ostentation toute militante.<br />
<strong>de</strong>s boutiques sans cesse plus nom- ..<br />
breuses, <strong>et</strong> celui <strong>de</strong>s boléros audacieux;<br />
celui <strong>de</strong>s minar<strong>et</strong>s en chantier -<br />
1000 mosquées surgissent cbaque an-<br />
. née <strong>de</strong>s entrailles turques'-'-\ <strong>et</strong> celui <strong>de</strong>s<br />
piliers lézardés du kémalisme, l'idéo- ~<br />
134
REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ~RIVISTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZETi<br />
colonies! N Constat opposé d'un influent<br />
parlementaire: «La marche vers l'Eulogie<br />
laïque <strong>et</strong> républicaine <strong>de</strong> la Turquie<br />
mo<strong>de</strong>rne, qui <strong>de</strong>meure encore une<br />
référence, voire un modèle pour<br />
nombre <strong>de</strong> nations musulmanes; celui<br />
<strong>de</strong>s laudateurs du règne d'Allah <strong>et</strong> celui<br />
<strong>de</strong>s héritiers d'Atatürk, les uns <strong>et</strong> les<br />
autres dépositaires d'un dogme. Et<br />
pour le malheur <strong>de</strong>s républicains, la balance<br />
penche en faveur <strong>de</strong>s premiers,<br />
portés par les indigents, les déshérités<br />
<strong>et</strong> une frange <strong>de</strong> la moyenne bourgeoisie,<br />
du négoce <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> l'intelligentsia.<br />
cc Ana" <strong>et</strong> cc Baba ..<br />
Car la crise couve à Ankara <strong>et</strong> fait le<br />
lit <strong>de</strong>s partisans <strong>de</strong> la charia, la loi coranique.<br />
Empêtrée dans une querelle<br />
<strong>de</strong>s chefs, Tansu Ciller, Premier ministre<br />
d'un gouvernement à la dérive -<br />
une coalition centre droit-gauche - subit<br />
les fouca<strong>de</strong>s du prési<strong>de</strong>nt Süleyman<br />
Demirel, pourtant issu du même bord.<br />
Désignée voilà <strong>de</strong>ux ans, c<strong>et</strong> ancien professeur<br />
d'économie <strong>de</strong> 49 ans, en butte<br />
à <strong>de</strong>s indicateurs au rouge (90 % d'inflation,<br />
une <strong>de</strong>tte externe <strong>de</strong> 65 milliards<br />
<strong>de</strong> dollars <strong>et</strong> une croissance négative<br />
<strong>de</strong> - 5,4 % l'an <strong>de</strong>rnier), a perdu son<br />
aura. « Ana}) (
REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ~RNISTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZETÎ<br />
136<br />
aux termes <strong>de</strong> la loi, le scribe risque <strong>de</strong><br />
@.er <strong>de</strong> la geôle pour incitation au séparatisme.<br />
«Les kémalistes veulent gouvemer<br />
le pays comme il y a soixante-dix<br />
ans, tonitrue l'écrivain blâmé. C'est pourquoi<br />
la Turquie reste bloquée entre fondamentalistes<br />
religieux <strong>et</strong> fondamentalistes<br />
laïcs. " Au nom <strong>de</strong> ces mêmes lois .<br />
poussiéreuses, les mé<strong>de</strong>cins qui osent<br />
soigner les rebelles<br />
à l'est sont embastillés,<br />
telle docteur<br />
Ilhan Diken, qui<br />
croupit dans un cachot<br />
<strong>de</strong> Diyarbakir<br />
(voir le témoignage<br />
<strong>de</strong> Mehdi Zan a,<br />
« La prison n° 5",<br />
Editions Arléa).<br />
Face à ces atermoiements,<br />
face<br />
aux disputes <strong>de</strong>s<br />
héritiers du kémalisme<br />
séculier <strong>et</strong> jacobin, les sectateurs<br />
<strong>de</strong> la charia fourbissent leurs armes.<br />
Greffier <strong>de</strong> la moindre vindicte, héraut<br />
du rej<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> l'Europe, le parti islamiste<br />
caracole en tête <strong>de</strong>s sondages - 23 %<br />
<strong>de</strong>s intentions <strong>de</strong> vote. Certes, ses élus<br />
accumulent les impairs, mais la campagne<br />
pieuse a déjà levé ses étendards.<br />
Offensé par le regard <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux statues<br />
dans le parc Altinpark, le maire d'Ankara<br />
a ainsi ordonné leur enlèvement.<br />
Les sculptures, a-t-il juré la main sur le<br />
cœur, représentaient «un couple en orgasme<br />
". Morale pru<strong>de</strong>, qui n'a pas empêché<br />
un autre élu islamiste <strong>de</strong> finir<br />
dans les r<strong>et</strong>s <strong>de</strong> la maréchaussée: en<br />
gogu<strong>et</strong>te dans les rues <strong>de</strong> la capitale,<br />
avec <strong>de</strong>ux travestis prostitués, l'islamiste<br />
fut accusé <strong>de</strong> tapage nocturne <strong>et</strong><br />
d'outrage aux bonnes mœurs ...<br />
A Istanbul, les troupes s'avèrent<br />
prêtes pour le saint combat. Au noyau<br />
dur <strong>de</strong> militants radicaux s'amalgament<br />
désormais une foule <strong>de</strong> grenadiers-voltigeurs<br />
<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> supplétifs. Nombre d'intellectuels,<br />
dont d'anciens gauchistes<br />
perdus dans la vacuité idéologique, ont<br />
ainsi rallié la bannière <strong>de</strong> l'islam, atten-<br />
cc Peignez les trottoirs en<br />
vert », a ordonné le maire<br />
<strong>de</strong> Beyöglu. Mais il a fait<br />
amen<strong>de</strong> honorable :<br />
cc Ne croyez pas que c'était<br />
pour l'islam. Le ùert, c'est<br />
bon pour les yeux... »<br />
tifs aux prêches <strong>de</strong>s maitres à pen,-,:?r.<br />
L'un d'eux délivre <strong>de</strong>s serme-lls dlflammés,<br />
par voie <strong>de</strong> presse ou sur les<br />
on<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong>s chaînes islamistes. Longiligne,<br />
la barbe finement taillée, Abdurrahman<br />
Dilipak, 55 ans, préfère siéger<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'autre côté du Bosphore, sur la rive<br />
asiatique, comme un conquérant ottoman<br />
face aux remparts lézardés, à la<br />
magnificence <strong>et</strong> la<br />
déca<strong>de</strong>nce <strong>de</strong><br />
Constantinople. A<br />
l'étranger soucieux<br />
<strong>de</strong> son<strong>de</strong>r ses vénérables<br />
paroles, le<br />
penseur oppose<br />
une pure vénalité.<br />
300 francs le questionnement,<br />
qui<br />
transite par<br />
l'agence islamiste<br />
Teha ... Pour les<br />
quêteurs peu nantis<br />
ou suspicieux, 100 francs suffiront,<br />
mais le dialogue à ce prix ne souffre<br />
que la transmission par fax. Où il est<br />
prédit que l'islam gagnera tôt ou tard<br />
son trône turc. Où il est énoncé que les<br />
partis laks miment l'Occi<strong>de</strong>nt décrié.<br />
Où il est affirmé sans ambages que le<br />
parti Refah flotte comme un navire sur<br />
la mer montante <strong>de</strong> l'islam.<br />
Malgré son radicalisme, Dilipak, auteur<br />
d'une trentaine d'ouvrages dont<br />
«Les guerriers <strong>de</strong> l'islam» <strong>et</strong> Il Vers la<br />
société islamique »,continue à rameuter<br />
<strong>de</strong> nouveaux partisans sur les terres<br />
du kémalisme. Tel Atilgan Bayar, 25 ans,<br />
le cheveu ras <strong>et</strong> le visage glabre.<br />
Conseiller <strong>de</strong> plusieurs éminences <strong>de</strong><br />
l'islam pur <strong>et</strong> dur, il ne craint pas les<br />
paradoxes: en jeans <strong>et</strong> bottes camarguaises,<br />
téléphone mobile à la ceinture,<br />
il fréquente moins les mosquées que le<br />
Roxy, une boîte <strong>de</strong> nuit branchée du<br />
centre d'Istanbul, dont les <strong>de</strong>ux patrons<br />
ce soir-là, poign<strong>et</strong>s <strong>et</strong> tête enveloppés<br />
dans <strong>de</strong>s bandages teintés <strong>de</strong> mercurochrome,<br />
s'amusent à décrier les dégâts<br />
occasionnés par la <strong>de</strong>rnière fête<br />
religieuse - 250 morts sur les routes en<br />
Erdogan (maire d'Istanbul), Erbakhan (chef du Refah) <strong>et</strong> Gökcek (maire d'Ankara)<br />
.'-':TUr,l{lY~'.q~rl';\J'<br />
tr(lis jours. Ulli, aradoxe: Atilgan,<br />
mentor <strong>de</strong>s nûUVeiiLLX princes d'Istanbul,<br />
aVaLe un "théisrne tenace ... «Si je<br />
les ai rejoints, confesse-t-il, c'est pour<br />
tenter d'empêcher l'affrontement entre la<br />
société <strong>et</strong> l'Etat" Aveu qui sonne comme<br />
une sinistre prémonition <strong>et</strong> qui appuie<br />
les incantations <strong>de</strong> Necm<strong>et</strong>tin Erbakhan,<br />
le chef du Refah: «La Turquie passem<br />
inévitablement à l'ordre juste. La question,<br />
c'est la pério<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> transition. Va-telle<br />
se faire par la douceur ou par la violence<br />
? Gentiment ou par le sang?"<br />
Sur les rives du Bosphore, plongé~'.<br />
dans une guérilla du signe <strong>et</strong> du sym<br />
baie, obscurantistes <strong>et</strong> nombre d'intel.<br />
lectuels libéraux se donnent donc la<br />
main, à la recherche d'une «synthèse<br />
musulmane». Comme si la Turquie entière<br />
tergiversait entre l'Islam radical,<br />
tempéré pourtant par le jeu <strong>de</strong>s confréries<br />
traditionnelles, <strong>et</strong> l'Europe, quêtée<br />
comme antidote au fondamentalisme.<br />
Mais les oracles stambouliotes <strong>de</strong>meurent<br />
soumis au crible <strong>de</strong>s généraux,<br />
<strong>de</strong>rniers remparts du kémalisme. Trois<br />
fois en trente-cinq ans, l'armée est sortie<br />
<strong>de</strong> ses quartiers pour prendre les<br />
rênes du pays. «Si le Refah gagne,<br />
même avec la majorité r.elative, aux prochaines<br />
législatives (prévues à l'automne<br />
1996), assure un proche <strong>de</strong> Ciller, an--<br />
cien diplomate, c'est le coup d'Etat!"<br />
La mémoire d'Atatürk<br />
Malgré ces menaces, les porte-parole<br />
<strong>de</strong> 1'«ordre juste» poursuivent leur lutte<br />
-à ciel ouvert ou par infiltration <strong>de</strong>s ministères<br />
<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s institutions. Foin <strong>de</strong>s<br />
bruits <strong>de</strong> bottes! Les ordinateurs, les<br />
centaines <strong>de</strong> milliers <strong>de</strong> fiches constituées,<br />
le contrôle <strong>de</strong> la rente foncière<br />
dans les mairies tenues par le Refah représenteront<br />
autant d'armes <strong>de</strong> choix.<br />
«Il faut restaurer le califat à Istanbul,<br />
<strong>et</strong> transformer l'église Sainte-Sophie en<br />
mosquée';, clame dans son bureau <strong>de</strong><br />
l'Assemblée Hasan Mesarci. C<strong>et</strong> ancien<br />
prédicateur <strong>de</strong> mosquée, <strong>de</strong>venu député<br />
d'Istanbul, s'estime héritier,<br />
«comme tous les Turcs ", <strong>de</strong> la gran<strong>de</strong>ur<br />
ottomane. Thuriféraire isolé <strong>de</strong> la charia,<br />
dira-t-on. Certes, mais tonitruant,<br />
~ apte à j<strong>et</strong>er dans les rues <strong>de</strong>s épigones<br />
o voués au culte <strong>de</strong>s martyrs. «Atatürk<br />
est pire que Hitler. Il a oppressé les<br />
croyantS", lance-toilsans crainte du blasphème.<br />
Le père <strong>de</strong> la nation S'Pli r<strong>et</strong>ourn~<br />
ait dans son mausolée ... Faut-<br />
H lire <strong>de</strong>rrière la plaque au nom du<br />
parlementaire islamiste une <strong>de</strong>stinée<br />
<strong>de</strong> justicier, ou bien <strong>de</strong> croque-mort <strong>de</strong><br />
l'idolâtrie? Mesarci signifie «celui qui<br />
creuse le tombeau Il. D'autres portent<br />
encore aux nues la statue d'Atatürk,<br />
pourtant ébréchée comme une vieille<br />
porcelaine du palais <strong>de</strong>s sultans. Lancé<br />
dans sa croisa<strong>de</strong> du verbé, porté par<br />
les nouvelles sirènes du Bosphore, le<br />
partisan <strong>de</strong> la charia se contente, lui,<br />
<strong>de</strong> creuser lentement son sépulcre. _
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
Libération e 10-11 juin 1995<br />
France Soir e 9 juin 1995<br />
Le Figaro e 10-11 juin 1995<br />
.'<br />
Catherine<br />
Lalumière<br />
traitée <strong>de</strong><br />
«prostituée» par<br />
un ministre turc<br />
Trois élues du Parlement<br />
européen, la Française<br />
Catherine Lalumière, la<br />
Britannique Pauline<br />
Green <strong>et</strong> l'Alleman<strong>de</strong><br />
Claudia Roth viennent<br />
<strong>de</strong> protester auprès du<br />
Premier ministre turc,<br />
après avoir été traitées <strong>de</strong><br />
«prostituées» par un<br />
ministre <strong>de</strong> son<br />
gouvernement. Les trois'<br />
femmes <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>nt à<br />
Tansu Ciller <strong>de</strong> se<br />
démarquer <strong>de</strong> son<br />
ministre d'Etat Ayvaz<br />
Gok<strong>de</strong>mir, dont eUes<br />
atten<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>de</strong>s excuses<br />
personnelles.<br />
Prési<strong>de</strong>ntes du groupe <strong>de</strong><br />
l'Alliance radicale, du<br />
Groupe socialiste <strong>et</strong> du<br />
Groupe <strong>de</strong>s Verts,<br />
Lalumière, Green <strong>et</strong><br />
Roth étaient venues fin<br />
mai en visite officielle en<br />
Turquie plai<strong>de</strong>r pour la<br />
libération <strong>de</strong>s<br />
prisonniers politiques<br />
kurd~s. «.Nous n'allons<br />
pas Libérer ces traîtres<br />
pour faire plaisir à-ces<br />
prostituées<br />
européennes», a<br />
rétorqué Gok<strong>de</strong>mir dans<br />
un récent me<strong>et</strong>ing<br />
électoral.<br />
Turkish Dairy News<br />
Ment~e: Government to remove<br />
terror issue from the agenda<br />
Turkish<br />
Daily News<br />
ANKARA- Graduates of the Police Aca<strong>de</strong>my<br />
received their diplomas at a ceremony atten<strong>de</strong>d<br />
by Interior Minister Nahit Mente~e, the Anatolia<br />
news agency reported on Friday. Speaking at the<br />
ceremony Mente~e said that Turkey's important<br />
position in the world was disturbing to certain<br />
circles and ad<strong>de</strong>d that the government will soon<br />
remove the terror issue from its agenda.<br />
The minister said that an educated soci<strong>et</strong>y was<br />
essential to a country' s <strong>de</strong>velopment and that<br />
police officers are now trained to un<strong>de</strong>rstand the<br />
)mportance of human rights and <strong>de</strong>mocracy.<br />
Mente~e continued that the police force played a<br />
significant r~le in fighting militants of the outlawed<br />
KurdIStan Workers' Party (PKK) in the<br />
country. Mente~e ad<strong>de</strong>d that 4.5 tons of narcotics<br />
TURQUIE. EUROPE<br />
Trois' députées Insultées<br />
Cl Le ministre d'é:tat turc Ayvaz<br />
Gok<strong>de</strong>mlr a démenti hier avoir<br />
traité <strong>de</strong> .. pro.tltuée •.. troll<br />
élues du Parlement européen,<br />
la Britannique PauUne Gr.en,<br />
~Allemam:leClaudia Roth <strong>et</strong> la<br />
Française Catherine Lalumlère.<br />
Les trois députées avalent formellement<br />
protesté la veille auprès<br />
du premier ministre d'Ankara.<br />
Mm. Tansu Ciller, en<br />
accusant M. Gok<strong>de</strong>mlr <strong>de</strong> les<br />
avoir Insultées. Le ministre turc<br />
faisait référence à leur prise <strong>de</strong><br />
position en faveur <strong>de</strong>-la libération<br />
<strong>de</strong>s prisonniers politiques<br />
kurd.s.<br />
SATIJRDA Y, JUNE 10, 1995.<br />
has been confiscated during the military operation<br />
in northern Ira~.<br />
Mehm<strong>et</strong> Agar, director general of Police, said<br />
that education is very important and the police<br />
work hard for the country s security and <strong>de</strong>serve<br />
the support of the Turkish people. Haci Orner<br />
Sabancl, executive board chairman of Sabanci<br />
Foundation, gave a $5,000 prize to Bülent<br />
Demirci .w.hograduated top of his class, $3,000 to<br />
Hayr<strong>et</strong>tIn. Dogansoy who was second and a<br />
$2,000 pr!ze to ErsIn YalçIn forbeing third.<br />
Sabancl said that peace and security are the basic<br />
rules of <strong>de</strong>velopment. Diplomas were presented<br />
to the three top stu<strong>de</strong>nts bi' Mente~e, Agar and<br />
Ankara Governor Erdogan ~ahinoglu, the agency<br />
reported.<br />
137
•..... ~.... I<br />
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHE\/OKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PIŒNSA-BASIN ÖZET;<br />
Turkish Dairy News<br />
SATURDAY, JUNE 10,1995.<br />
the:s ... ...Kiiiali~>f.~;tbef
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETÎ<br />
A -F P --:=-A- -F- -P --,-:: A- -F P- ---~: A- F -P-'--.;:: A-':F- -P- ---.::.A-"-F, -P- ---~~<br />
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Turquie-Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
141 maquisards kur<strong>de</strong>s tués en dix jours, selon le ministre <strong>de</strong> l'Intérieur<br />
ANKARA, 11 juin (AFP) - Cent quarante <strong>et</strong> un rebelles du Parti <strong>de</strong>s<br />
trav.ailleurs du Kurdistan (PKK, séparatiste) ont été tués lors d'opérations<br />
militaires du 1er au 10 juin dans l'est <strong>et</strong> le sud-est anatoliens, a annoncé<br />
dimanche à Ankara le ministre <strong>de</strong> l'Intérieur turc Nahit Mentese.<br />
Hans la même pério<strong>de</strong>, 168 maquisards kur<strong>de</strong>s ont été arrêtés, a indiqué<br />
le mini~tre qui a précisé que <strong>de</strong>puis le début <strong>de</strong> l'année, 209 militants<br />
armés du PKK s'étaient rendus aux forces <strong>de</strong> l'ordre turques.<br />
M. Mentese a annoncé d'autre part l'arrestation <strong>de</strong> huit autres personnes<br />
auteurs <strong>de</strong> l'attentat à la bombe qui avait fait huit morts <strong>et</strong> 17 blessés le<br />
25 mai à Batman (sud-est du pays), près d'une école. Un autre militant du<br />
PKK est recherché en <strong>liaison</strong> avec c<strong>et</strong> attentat.<br />
M. Mentese a une fois <strong>de</strong> plus appelé les militants armés du PKK à se<br />
rendre à la justice turque <strong>et</strong> à bénéficier <strong>de</strong> la loi sur les repentis qui<br />
prévoit une réduction <strong>de</strong> peine.<br />
Le ministre n'a pas fait état d'éventuelles victimes parmi les forces <strong>de</strong><br />
l'ordre turques.<br />
Le PKK mène une rébellion armée contre Ankara ~epuis août 1984 pour<br />
créer un Etat indépendant kur<strong>de</strong> dans le sud-est anatolien à la frontière<br />
avec la Syrie, l'Irak <strong>et</strong> l'Iran. C<strong>et</strong>te rébellion <strong>et</strong> les opérations <strong>de</strong><br />
l'armée turque ont fait plus <strong>de</strong> 15.000 morts.<br />
CE/bir/sp<br />
AFP !J00245/1115~5 JUN 95<br />
FRS0206 4 ~ 0126 TUR /AFP-FS91<br />
Turquie-Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
35 rebelles kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>et</strong> cinq soldats turcs tués en Anatolie<br />
.-<br />
ANKARA, Il juin (AFP) - Trente cinq rebelles du Parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs<br />
du Kurdistan (PKK, séparatiste) <strong>et</strong> cinq soldats turcs ont été tués lors<br />
d'accrochages armés dans l'est <strong>et</strong> le sud-est anatoliens ont annoncé<br />
dimanch 7 les auto:ités <strong>de</strong> Diyarbakir (dans le sud-est d~ la Turquie).<br />
, D:pU1~ merc:e~1 ~rès <strong>de</strong> 70 autres maquisards kur<strong>de</strong>s ont été tués lors<br />
d operat1ons m1l1ta1res turques, selon la même source.<br />
,Le PKK mène,une rébel~ion armée contre Ankara <strong>de</strong>puis août 1984 pour<br />
creer un Et~t 1ndépendant kur<strong>de</strong> dans le sud-est anatolien à la frontière<br />
avec la Syr1e, l'Irak <strong>et</strong> l'Iran. C<strong>et</strong>te rébellion <strong>et</strong> les opérations <strong>de</strong><br />
l'armée turque ont fait plus <strong>de</strong> 15.000 morts.<br />
CE/Bir/sp<br />
AFP /J00245/111511 JUN 95<br />
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Turkish Daily News opinion poll on future of northern Iraq<br />
. . ,<br />
. .<br />
.<br />
Turks: Baghdad or Ankara should control<br />
northern Iraq; Provi<strong>de</strong> Comfort should go<br />
On Iraq: Majority<br />
feels Saddam is no .<br />
threat to Turkey<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
ANKARA- A majority of Turks feel it isin<br />
Turkey's security interests that either northern<br />
Iraq should be given back to the control. of<br />
Saddam Hussein's administration in Baghdad<br />
or Ankara should control the region, according<br />
to a public opinion poll conducted by the<br />
Turkish Daily News research <strong>de</strong>partment. .<br />
The poll also showed that a majority of<br />
Turks do not want the Provi<strong>de</strong> Comfort force<br />
to remain in the region and feel Saddàm<br />
Hussein is not a threat to Turkey.<br />
The pollwas. conducted by random samplin~<br />
in the city centers of Ankara, Istanbul, .<br />
IZffilr and Antalya and covered 2,004 samples.<br />
.<br />
According to the poll 36.03 percent of<br />
those questioned felt if northern Iraq was<br />
given back .to the control of Saddam<br />
Hussein's administration in Baghdad this<br />
would serve Turkey's securityinterests.<br />
Another 34.68 percent feft Turkey should<br />
be given full control of northern Iraq.<br />
Only 9.28 percent said northern Iraqi<br />
Kurdish lea<strong>de</strong>rs.should control the area.<br />
But that was lower than the 17.76 which<br />
felt international control was nee<strong>de</strong>d in the<br />
region.<br />
The Iraqi territorj that falls to the north of<br />
the 36th parallel was <strong>de</strong>clared a ':safe-haven"<br />
Saddam: Turks do not feel threathened<br />
for Iraqi Kurds by the United Nations<br />
Security Council in 1991 to keep Saddam<br />
Hussein from takirig revenge for an uprising<br />
after his Gulf War <strong>de</strong>feat.<br />
A task force called "Operation Provi<strong>de</strong><br />
Comfort" was established in mid-1991 to protect<br />
the enclave against Saddam's forces. The'<br />
force is comprised 'jf 48 U.S., French and<br />
British planes and i, stationed at the lncirlik<br />
air base in southem Turkey. Turkey extends<br />
the mandate of the Provi<strong>de</strong> Comfort force<br />
Question: What should Turkey do in northern Iraq<br />
to maintain its own security?<br />
~>. a: The regi~n should be given<br />
.•• 34,.68:,:.~:~o/c~~.; !_~__.'~ b.~~~[~~~d<br />
. ~~~
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RWISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
ve)'ed are against the presence of Provi<strong>de</strong> Comfort in the<br />
region, while 30.49 approve.<br />
Similar TON surve)'s in the past few years also showed<br />
both the people and the p~liamentarian~ oppose Provi<strong>de</strong><br />
Comfort. .Turkey' s secunty co~cems l!l nort.hem Iraq<br />
increased ID the past year when nval Iraqi Kurdish groups<br />
started fighting broody battles among themselves, thus creating<br />
a power vacuum in the region.<br />
The forces of Kurdish Democracy Party lea<strong>de</strong>r Massoud<br />
Banani and Patriotic Union of KurdIstan boss Jalal Talabani<br />
could not control tpe movements of the separatist Kurdish<br />
terrorists of the PKK (Kurdistan Workers' Party) which uses<br />
northern Iraq as a base for its attacks against targ<strong>et</strong>s in<br />
Turkey.<br />
In March Turkey sent more than 35,000 troops into northern<br />
Iraq to flush out the PKK. The troops were withdrawn in<br />
May. However, Turkey and the Western powers have failed<br />
to end the fighting b<strong>et</strong>ween Barzani and Talabani. and thus<br />
bring some stability in the region.<br />
The survey also seemed to strengthen the hands of those<br />
who want closer ties b<strong>et</strong>ween Ankara and Baghdad as 66.22<br />
percent of the respon<strong>de</strong>nts feit Saddam Hussein is no threat to<br />
Turkey. Most of the respon<strong>de</strong>nts who answered the survey<br />
also ma<strong>de</strong> some interesting comments which showed sympa.<br />
thy for Iraq and some antagonism towards the West. Here are<br />
some interesting quoteS:<br />
• "I would have liked the international community to control<br />
northern Iraq but after seeing the performance of the<br />
international force in Bosnia I realized this was impossible.<br />
For this. reason I say whoeve~ has the sovereign ri~t to rule<br />
in northern IraQ should control the area."<br />
• "Isn't northern Iraq the territory of Irag?' And aren't we<br />
saying we support Ir~'s territorial integrity?'<br />
• ''What liappened ID northern Iraq as Saddam ruled in the<br />
area for so many years? Could SaddaIn secure stability in the<br />
area? So I feel Turkey has to control northern Iraq."<br />
• "Iraq should control northern Iraq but then Baghdad<br />
should give us guarantees that the PKK will not fmd sbelter<br />
in the area." .<br />
• "The region should never be left to the control of Iraqi<br />
Kurds. We feel neither Talabani nor Barzani are <strong>de</strong>pendable. '<br />
• ''Provi<strong>de</strong> Comfort should leave the area because it supports<br />
Kurdish separatists."<br />
• "The Provi<strong>de</strong> Comfort force should leaveas soon as stability<br />
is achieved in northern Iraq."<br />
• "Does the presence of the Provi<strong>de</strong> Comfort force have<br />
any benefits forTurkey? We do not feel it does. As a matter<br />
of fact, while protecting the Iraqi Kurds it is also protecting<br />
the PKK."<br />
• ''We lived with Saddam for so many years. He wasn't a<br />
threat then, so why should he be a threat to us now?"<br />
• "Can Saddam become a threat to Turkey while he has to<br />
strug¥.le with his own problems at home?" .<br />
• 'You can't trustSaddam. He attacked Iran; he attacked<br />
Kuwait so why shouldn't he attack Turkey?"<br />
• "Saddam will sooner or later become a threat to Turkey<br />
and he will raise the water issue."<br />
• "If the coalition forces had not cut Saddam to size in the<br />
Gulf War he may have been a threat to Turkey. But now he<br />
isn't."<br />
FRS0519 4 I 0207 /AFP-MB09<br />
Allemagne-Kurd.es<br />
Fln du moratoire <strong>de</strong>s expulsions <strong>de</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong>s dans neuf Etats fédérés<br />
d'Allemagne<br />
."<br />
BONN, 12 juin (AFP) - Le moratoire sur les expulsions <strong>de</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong><br />
l'Allemagne vers la Turquie a pris fin lundi dans neuf Etats fédérés<br />
allemands sur seize, une prolongation <strong>de</strong>s suspensions n'étant plus possible<br />
légalement, a annoncé l'association <strong>de</strong> défense <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>urs d'asyle Pro<br />
Asyl.<br />
Selon Pro Asyl, quelque 4.500 Kur<strong>de</strong>s sont désormais menacés d'être<br />
expulsés du Bran<strong>de</strong>bourg, <strong>de</strong> Brême, <strong>de</strong> Hambourg, <strong>de</strong> Basse-Saxe, <strong>de</strong><br />
Rhénanie~Palatinat, <strong>de</strong> Sarre, <strong>de</strong> Saxe-Anhalt, du Schleswig-Holstein <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />
Thuringe, <strong>de</strong>s Etats ~édérés gouvernés par l'opposition sociale-démocrate<br />
qui avaient décidé <strong>de</strong> leur propre chef <strong>de</strong> prolonger le moratoire levé le 15<br />
mars par le gouvernement <strong>de</strong> Bonn.<br />
Le moratoire avait été adopté en décembre après que huit députés turcs<br />
d'origine<br />
Ankara •.<br />
kur<strong>de</strong> eurent été condamnés à <strong>de</strong> lour<strong>de</strong>s peines <strong>de</strong> prison à<br />
Pro Asyl a condamné la fin <strong>de</strong> ce moratoire en affirmant qu'il s'agit<br />
"d'une déclaration <strong>de</strong> banqueroute morale <strong>et</strong> la politique <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong><br />
l'ho~e <strong>de</strong> Bonn" •.Selo~ l'associa~ion, la levée <strong>de</strong> l'arrêt <strong>de</strong>s expulsions<br />
est ~llégale la s~tuat~on <strong>de</strong>s dro~ts <strong>de</strong> l'homme ne s'étant pas améliorée en<br />
Turquie.<br />
jlp/bm/mfo<br />
AFP /J00245/121355 JUN 95<br />
141
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA STAMPA.DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETÎ<br />
Turkisb Dairy News'<br />
MONDAY,JUNE 121995<br />
Who, meapologize?<br />
Con<strong>de</strong>mnation. and support:'Claudia Roth says she will not be<br />
satisfied with the half-hearted apology of Ayvaz Gök<strong>de</strong>mir, who called<br />
three Euro-MPs 'prostitutes.' But some rally behind theminister<br />
By Nazlan Ertan to host in Brussels. The three Euro-MPs,<br />
TurkiShDaily News. Cather41e Lalumiere of France, Claudia Roth<br />
ANKARA- "If someone wanted to master~ of Germany and Pauline Green of Britain,<br />
mind a way to create antagonism b<strong>et</strong>ween protested the remarks by not attending the din-<br />
Turkey and the European Parliament, he could ner party.<br />
not have come up with a b<strong>et</strong>ter plan," a In al<strong>et</strong>ter to Prime Minister Tansu Çiller,<br />
Turkish diplomat said yesterday after Turkish Turkey's,frrst female prime rllinister who ISnot<br />
newspapers splashed across thel! headlines the exactly known for.her sensitivi~ on' women's<br />
outrage of three Euro-MPs against St
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
Hussein SlnJarl: Iraqi Kl,Irds' S<strong>et</strong>tlement<br />
with Baghdad will helprecluce th.<br />
PKK and fun<strong>de</strong>manm".<br />
thraat for Turk<br />
.-<br />
Ayvaz Gôk<strong>de</strong>mir<br />
divi<strong>de</strong>d."<br />
Then, he ad<strong>de</strong>d for a finishing touch: "I dp<br />
not know wh<strong>et</strong>her they are proStitutesor not I<br />
am not keeping track of who is ... playing<br />
around with whom in the European circles."<br />
Finally, when he consented to an apology,<br />
his written statement was no more than hillhearted.<br />
"I have learned with regr<strong>et</strong> that some of the<br />
newspaper accounts of the remarks I have<br />
ma<strong>de</strong> in response to a citizen's question in<br />
Kilis have created some touchiness," he said.<br />
"If it will make up for their taking offense due<br />
to this misun<strong>de</strong>rstanding, I apologIZe."<br />
Speaking to Milliy<strong>et</strong> earlier, the minister<br />
maintained that he did not know if they were<br />
prostitutes, but he did not think the term was an<br />
msult.<br />
The apology, such as it was, satisfied<br />
Pauline Green, the lea<strong>de</strong>r of the Euro-parliament<br />
Socialists, and Catherine Laluffilere of<br />
European Radical Alliance. However, German<br />
Green Oaudia Roth told Yeni Yuzyil that SÀe<br />
would sue the minister. Female members of the<br />
Republican People's Party (CHP), the junior<br />
coalition partner of the Gök<strong>de</strong>mir's True Path,<br />
also launcbed their own protest.<br />
"His remarks has not only offen<strong>de</strong>d us, the<br />
women of CHP, but all Turkish women,': a<br />
,statementsaid. "Gök<strong>de</strong>mir should apologize to<br />
tile three female <strong>de</strong>puties and respectfully<br />
salute those intelligent and mo<strong>de</strong>m <strong>de</strong>puties<br />
who are the pri<strong>de</strong> of Europe." Not every one.,is<br />
an~ about the remarks. A journalist from. a<br />
pnvate TV channel reported that scores of<br />
faxes in support of Gök<strong>de</strong>mir's remarks were<br />
transmitted to their officts in Ankara and<br />
Istànbul.<br />
'There is no reason for me to resign, and the<br />
prime minister has not asked me for that," said<br />
G~k<strong>de</strong>mir, who leaves today for Kazakhstan<br />
WIthPresi<strong>de</strong>nt Süleyman Demirel.<br />
Kurdish politician:<br />
It is not the West's, but<br />
Iraq's interests are supreme<br />
Disillusioned Kurd urges<br />
s<strong>et</strong>tlement with Baghdad<br />
Challenge: Iraqi Kurds now<br />
want peace with Saddam;<br />
anyone thinking otherwise<br />
is 'welcome to conduct a poll'<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
ANKARA-The Iraqi Kurds are fed up with<br />
their warring lea<strong>de</strong>rs, are disillusioned with their<br />
<strong>de</strong>mocratic experiment and are overwhelmingly<br />
longing for a s<strong>et</strong>tlement with. Baghdad tliat<br />
wotild ensure them "a b<strong>et</strong>ter life instead of slo-<br />
Former Kurdish Minister<br />
Hussein Sinjarl<br />
gäns," a former senior Iraqi Kurdish politician said. .<br />
Hussein Sinjari, a one-time minister in the regional Kurdish<br />
government' and a founding member of Jalal Talabani's<br />
Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK), who resigned in January<br />
in protest at Kurdish infighting, sai~ the p~sent situation ~as<br />
causing people to look for alternative parues and lea<strong>de</strong>rship.<br />
"If we are not careful, this willlead to the rise of national<br />
extremism 'a la PKK' or religious extremism "a la Islamic<br />
fundamentalism.' We should not forg<strong>et</strong> that Islamic Iran is<br />
.n~xt dopr," Sinjari said.<br />
143
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA<br />
STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETÎ<br />
The Kurdish'politician, on his way to northern Iraq for consultations<br />
with Massoud Barzai1i, Talabani's rival for power<br />
and the lea<strong>de</strong>r of the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP), said<br />
the s<strong>et</strong>tlement with Baghdad, however~ should have ironclad<br />
guarantees, be recor<strong>de</strong>d as a U.N. document, and a: Western<br />
cquntry, preferably Britain, France or Russia sliould be a<br />
party to a <strong>de</strong>al. Remin<strong>de</strong>d of likely Western objections to<br />
such a <strong>de</strong>al, Sinjari said not the West's but the Kurds' and<br />
Iraq) interes~ were supreme.. .', .,<br />
Hè said the overwhelming majority of the Iraqi Kurds<br />
would support that <strong>de</strong>al and challenged anyone claiming otherwise<br />
to come to northern Iraq and conduct an opinion poll if ,<br />
they so wished.<br />
. ~e h:aq~Kurds ,d~ not want a ~,eparatestate, they want 10 '<br />
live ln dlgmty (as cItIzens of Iraq), he ad<strong>de</strong>d.<br />
.Sinjari, said~however, that a s<strong>et</strong>tlement with Baghdad had<br />
to be prece<strong>de</strong>d by certain "confi<strong>de</strong>nce-building measures" and<br />
Baghdad had to agree not to send its troops, its hated secr<strong>et</strong><br />
service and the Baath party, ~ack into th~ Kurdish region<br />
inune&aièly and wait until the suspicions and grievancesdisappear.<br />
'"<br />
But Sinjari said Operation Provi<strong>de</strong> Comfort should remain<br />
in force and the Western air force <strong>de</strong>ployed in Incirlik, southern<br />
Turkey, should stay as an ad<strong>de</strong>d guarantee.<br />
The Kurdish politiCIan,who said he would seek to establish .<br />
a new party that would end,the predominance of PUK and the<br />
KDP, expected support from Kurdish intellectuals and the<br />
ordinary people. ' '<br />
He said to support a s<strong>et</strong>tlement with Baghdad was also in<br />
Turkey's interest since it would remove the PKK as a threat.<br />
, "PKK and Islamic fundamentalists can flourish only in<br />
muddy waters, in a ~olluted and unstable environment.".<br />
Sinjari said Iraq s Turkmens will be b<strong>et</strong>ter represented<br />
besi<strong>de</strong> th~Kurds an~'Afabs un<strong>de</strong>rthes<strong>et</strong>tleme~t ~e ISseeking<br />
and foresaw a' momtonng role for Turkey within the MCC,<br />
the Zakho-based Military Coordination Center comprising a<br />
score of alliedmilitary representatives monitoring the status<br />
:quo. .<br />
Turkey wary of pKK infIlt~ationfrom<br />
Iran; but <strong>de</strong>nies abortive ait strike<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
ANKARA- The Turkish General Staff<br />
<strong>de</strong>nied over the weekend a newspaper<br />
report that a strike force of F-16 j<strong>et</strong>s on<br />
their way to bomb a concentration of separatist<br />
rebels near the Turkish bor<strong>de</strong>r ln<br />
Iran had been recalled in mid-flight late<br />
last month on the intervention of the<br />
. Foreign Ministry which feared a strong<br />
adverse reaction from Tehran.<br />
. Hürriy<strong>et</strong>, a leading Turkish daily,<br />
reported on Saturday that Prime Minister<br />
Tansu Çiller gave the green light for the<br />
strike after the Turkish General Staff<br />
reported that â strong force of PKK<br />
rebels had assembled at a camp on the<br />
outskirts of the Iranian town of Urmiya<br />
near the bor<strong>de</strong>rto mount attacks against<br />
targ<strong>et</strong>s insi<strong>de</strong> Turkey.<br />
On learning that the flight of j<strong>et</strong>s la<strong>de</strong>n<br />
with bombs had taken off to raid the<br />
rebel camp insi<strong>de</strong> Iraq', Öz<strong>de</strong>n Sanberk,<br />
the former foreign ministry un<strong>de</strong>rsecr<strong>et</strong>ary,<br />
while hosting a goodbye reception<br />
for dipl?matic correspon<strong>de</strong>nts last mo~th,<br />
, Immediately moved to halt the stnke,<br />
arguing that the repercussions would be<br />
much stronger than those provoked by<br />
Turkey's March 20 incursion into northem<br />
Iraq in pursuit of the PKK separatists.<br />
Presi<strong>de</strong>nt Süleyman Demirel, who shared<br />
Sanberk's view that mounting a strike<br />
insi<strong>de</strong> Iranian territory would spark a<br />
reaction far stronger than the one in<br />
northern Iraq where Baghdad's authority<br />
has been curtailed', exercised hispowers<br />
as "comman<strong>de</strong>r in chief' to or<strong>de</strong>r the<br />
r<strong>et</strong>urn of the strike force, Hürriy<strong>et</strong> reported.<br />
.<br />
But in a statement to the Anatolia news<br />
agency, the Turkish General' Staff<br />
Headquarters categorically <strong>de</strong>nied that<br />
the planes had taken off for the raid and<br />
had been or<strong>de</strong>red back.<br />
'<br />
The statement conce<strong>de</strong>d, however, that<br />
after it was ascertained that a rebel force<br />
of about 300 or 350 had assembled in<br />
Iran in an area adjacent to the bor<strong>de</strong>r late<br />
April and early May, the general staff<br />
proposed to the 'government the elimination<br />
of the threat by reminding the<br />
Iranian authorities of their responsibility<br />
to crack down on such activities un<strong>de</strong>r an<br />
existing security arrangement b<strong>et</strong>ween<br />
the two countries.<br />
The Iranians complied and took action<br />
against the PKK rebels in recent days,<br />
the statement noted.<br />
144
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
FRS0380 4 l 0362 TUR /AFP-BR40<br />
Turquie-terrorisme<br />
La Turquie appelle au renforcement <strong>de</strong> la lutte contre le PKK<br />
ANKARA, 14 juin (AFP) - La Turquie a appelé mercredi la communauté<br />
internationale à renforcer la lutte contre le Parti <strong>de</strong>s Travailleurs du<br />
Kurdistan (PKK, séparatiste) accusé <strong>de</strong> terrorisme.<br />
Le porte-parole du ministère turc <strong>de</strong>s Affaires étrangères, Omer Akbel, a<br />
estimé, au cours <strong>de</strong> son point <strong>de</strong> presse hebdomadaire, qu'''il faut davantage<br />
<strong>de</strong> coopération <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> coordination" en Europe contre le terrorisme <strong>et</strong> le<br />
PKK.<br />
Le PKK, en rébellion armée contre Ankara <strong>de</strong>puis août 1984 <strong>et</strong> qui lutte<br />
pour l'établissement d'un Etat kur<strong>de</strong> indépendant, est considéré comme<br />
terroriste par Ankara <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> nombreux pays occi<strong>de</strong>ntaux.<br />
La Turquie fera une distinction entre les "pays qui font preuve <strong>de</strong><br />
ferm<strong>et</strong>é" dans la lutte contre le PKK <strong>et</strong> "ceux qui ne le font pas", a<br />
indiqué M. Akbel, regr<strong>et</strong>tant que certains pays "soient réticents à prendre<br />
<strong>de</strong>s mesures contre le terrorisme qui ne les vise pas directement".<br />
Il a par ailleurs ànnoncé <strong>de</strong>s "progrès" lors d'entr<strong>et</strong>iens pour<br />
l'amélioration ,<strong>de</strong>s relations entre la Turquie <strong>et</strong> les Pays-Bas qui avaient<br />
été perturbées après l'inauguration du "parlement kur<strong>de</strong> en exil" le 12<br />
avril à La Haye. Il a indiqué que <strong>de</strong>s réunions techniques se poursuivraient<br />
dans ce but la semaine prochaine à Ankara.<br />
En réaction à l'autorisation donnée à la réunion du "parlement kur<strong>de</strong> en<br />
exil" par le gouvernement néerlandais, la Turquie avait rappelé pour<br />
consultations son ambassa<strong>de</strong>ur aux Pays-Bas, Zeki Celikkol, <strong>et</strong> placé ce pays<br />
sur sa "liste :touge" <strong>de</strong> pays non crédibles pour l'achat d'armements.<br />
La Suè<strong>de</strong>, la Suisse, l'Autriche, la Norvège, l'Afrique du Sud <strong>et</strong> le<br />
Danemark se trouvent également sur c<strong>et</strong>te "liste rouge". La Turquie n'achète<br />
pas <strong>de</strong> matériel militaire à ces pays <strong>et</strong> leurs firmes ne sont pas autorisées<br />
à participer aux appels d'offres militaires du gouvernement turc.<br />
La Finlan<strong>de</strong>, l'Allemagne, la Belgique <strong>et</strong> le Luxembourg figurent sur la<br />
"liste jaune" <strong>de</strong> la Turquie. Tout achat d'armements à ces pays nécessite un<br />
accord préalable du ministère turc <strong>de</strong>s Affaires étrangères. Ces <strong>de</strong>ux listes<br />
sont en vigueur <strong>de</strong>puis février 1993.<br />
CE/hc/jlb/cc<br />
AFP /J00245/141326 JUN 95<br />
145
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
WEDNESDAY.JUNE 14.1995<br />
US welcomes Provi<strong>de</strong> Comfort recommendation<br />
,Christopher may not have asked Syria about PKK<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
WASHINGTON- A senior U.S. State<br />
Department official today told the Turkish Daily<br />
News that the United States was quite happy<br />
with the Turkish National Security Council rec~<br />
ommendation that Operation Provi<strong>de</strong> Comfort<br />
be exten<strong>de</strong>d. '<br />
, "We welcome the <strong>de</strong>cision of the Turkish<br />
National Security Council," thé official said.<br />
'''We are pleased that the Turkish government<br />
has agreed that Provi<strong>de</strong> Comfort has got to stay. ,<br />
That' s a fundamental part of our policy of trying<br />
to help the people of northemIraq." ,<br />
The official had no comment about wh<strong>et</strong>her<br />
the duration of the mandate pleased<br />
Washington.<br />
"That's up for the Turkish government to<br />
<strong>de</strong>ci<strong>de</strong>," the official said. "<br />
The same official was unable, however, to say<br />
exactlywh<strong>et</strong>her, during Secr<strong>et</strong>ary of State<br />
Warren Christopher's recent Damascus visit, the<br />
question of the terror groups that Syria gives aid<br />
and comfort to ,like the PXK had been raised.<br />
Some observers claim that the United States is<br />
relying on Syria's cooperation in s<strong>et</strong>tling the<br />
Golan Heights issue With Israel - <strong>de</strong>spite the<br />
fact that Syria is still on the State Department's<br />
list of seven states which sponsor international<br />
terrorism.<br />
The source said that Secr<strong>et</strong>ary Warren<br />
Christopher raises the issue with the Syrians "as<br />
a normal part of otir genuine interest. The issue<br />
Insulted Eura-<strong>de</strong>puty says she is<br />
'satisfied' by PM Çiller' s l<strong>et</strong>ter<br />
Labour Deputy Pauline Greene says she also accepts Minister<br />
:Gök<strong>de</strong>mir's apology even ifthis was forcedand reluctant<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
female <strong>de</strong>putes concerned l<strong>et</strong>ters on the subject.<br />
ANKARA- The subject of the insulting Greene said in her l<strong>et</strong>ter Çiller had reflected<br />
remarks ma<strong>de</strong> by True Path Party (DYP) Deputy, her regr<strong>et</strong>s over the wh~le inci<strong>de</strong>nt ~nd ad~ed<br />
and Minister for State Ayvaz Gök<strong>de</strong>mir about that 'she was pleased WIth the Turkish Pnme<br />
three women Euro-parliamentarians was Ministers' response.<br />
broached in the opemng session of the June Greene also said that Gök<strong>de</strong>mir himself had<br />
'me<strong>et</strong>ings of the European Parliament on provi<strong>de</strong>d a somewhat forced and reluctant apol-<br />
Monday.<br />
ogy for his rj:marks but that she accepted this<br />
But an angry request from a female Euro- apologyanyway.<br />
<strong>de</strong>puty calling for a: strong reaction by the Respondmg to Gök<strong>de</strong>mir's attempts to clear<br />
Parliament to Gök<strong>de</strong>mir's remarks was mo<strong>de</strong>rat- himself by accusing the Turkish press ormis-<br />
'ed by one of the <strong>de</strong>puties who had been the sub- representing his remarks, Greene said that the<br />
ject of the Turkish ministers' remarks, accord- European Parliament's views on Turkey were<br />
mg to the Anatolia news agency reporting from clear. She said that if these views were being<br />
Strasbourg.<br />
misun<strong>de</strong>rstood in Turkey by certain people then<br />
British Labour Deputy Pauline Greene, they too should accuse the Turkisb press by<br />
responding to the request for an angry reaction using the same logic that Gök<strong>de</strong>mir used.<br />
by the European Parliament, remin<strong>de</strong>d the This appeared a "dig" at Gök<strong>de</strong>mir for insultassembled<br />
Euro-<strong>de</strong>puties that Prime Minister ing PaulIne Greene as well as German <strong>de</strong>puty<br />
Tansu Çiller had sent her and the two other CI,audia Roth; and French <strong>de</strong>puty Catherine<br />
has been raised at quite high levels with the<br />
Syrians at the last month or two. I am not aware<br />
that it was raised in the recent discussions."<br />
"That was a very small me<strong>et</strong>ing [in<br />
Damascus]," the official elaborated, "and I was<br />
not a part of the me<strong>et</strong>ing. But I'm not aware that<br />
it was raised." ,<br />
He did <strong>de</strong>ny that if it hadn't been discussed, it<br />
could imply terror was less important than<br />
progress in the Syrian-Israeli track of the peace<br />
process..<br />
"No, it doesn't [imply that]," the senior State<br />
Department official replied. "Syrians know how<br />
concerned we are about the issue of terrorism.<br />
And we ma<strong>de</strong> that clear.<br />
We talkabout it publicly several times a year.<br />
We've written about it. We went on the record,<br />
I'm glad to say." ,<br />
Pauline Greene<br />
Lalumiere as "prostitutes" following the coverage<br />
in the Turkish press of their recent visit to<br />
Turkey.<br />
'<br />
Addressing the Parliament after Greene<br />
Claudia Roth, a <strong>de</strong>puty for the German Greens<br />
Party, accused Gök<strong>de</strong>mir of having anachronistic<br />
views.<br />
The also pointed to the fact that the minister' s<br />
words had led to a great reaction in Turkey<br />
itself. "<br />
146
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
Financial Times: Çiller' s record<br />
leaves little room for optimism<br />
'A surfeit of ina<strong>de</strong>quate lea<strong>de</strong>rs is perhaps Turkey's greatest handicap'<br />
Turlcish Daily News<br />
WASHINGTON-<br />
In an eight-page special survey of<br />
Turkey, the Financial Times (FT) conclu<strong>de</strong>d that the<br />
oountry was faced with a choice b<strong>et</strong>ween "a high road of<br />
growth and stability" and "a lowroad it has chosen to<br />
follow in recent years of instability and hardship." Th~<br />
lead essay penned by John Barham conclu<strong>de</strong>s that "Mrs.<br />
Çiller's record as prime minister.leaves little room for<br />
optimism."<br />
"A surfeit of ina<strong>de</strong>quate lea<strong>de</strong>rs hie is perhaps<br />
Turkey's greatest handicap," Barham said. 'Critics claIm<br />
that Mrs. Çiller is an .insecure and in<strong>de</strong>cisive politician<br />
who lacks the vi~joll ànd <strong>de</strong>termination of the late<br />
Presi<strong>de</strong>nt Turgut Ozal \vIIO, for aU his faults, rapidly<br />
mo<strong>de</strong>rnized Turkey in the' .<br />
1980s." The FT <strong>de</strong>scribed<br />
main oJlposition lea<strong>de</strong>r<br />
Mesut Ydinaz' performance<br />
as "lea<strong>de</strong>n."<br />
The survey', which studies<br />
in <strong>de</strong>taIl the current<br />
political and economic<br />
panorama of Turkey" presented<br />
Kurds and Shiites as<br />
"minorities." Gillian TeU,<br />
writing about "confusion of<br />
issues" in Turkey, came<br />
across as rather confused<br />
herself when she referred to<br />
"religious minorities, such<br />
as the Shia Muslims," since<br />
in accordance with the<br />
Lausanne Treaty of 1923,<br />
only three non-Muslim<br />
groups are recognized as<br />
minorities in Turkey, i.e.<br />
the Jews, Armenians and<br />
the Greeks. T<strong>et</strong>t also<br />
seemed to be much more<br />
unforgiving of the human<br />
rights abuses committed by<br />
the Turkish state compared<br />
to the similar ones committed<br />
by the outlawed<br />
Kurdistan Workers' Party<br />
(PKK.) While referring to the violations of the former as<br />
"brutal suppression of the PKK," TeU <strong>de</strong>scribed the<br />
PKK offenses as "human ri~ts abuses." The survey also<br />
minimized the aspirations 01the PKK for an in<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
state, or at least political autonomy, and presented the<br />
conflict as one over 4'cultural rights." "Many Turkish<br />
politicians fear that recognizing Kurdish cultural rights<br />
would threaten the state," a (>icture caption read.<br />
"However, an overwhelming majority, of .Turks believe<br />
thatgranting Kurdish autonomYtwouldlmean,C3Y.Ïng, into<br />
terrorism. Moreoverl.autonomy ,is,equated with!separatism<br />
and treason," Barham noted.<br />
FundanientaIism is winning over those "crammed into<br />
~lums, lacking basic amenities," the survey said and<br />
mtroduced the Refah Party as "the militant Islamic<br />
party." "...the specter of Islamic fundamentalism is perhaps<br />
the most warming <strong>de</strong>velopment .... Nightmare scenarios<br />
of :another.Algeria' or "another ~' proliferate,"<br />
the ~ SaId. Presld~nt ~Uleyman DemIrel also received<br />
c~nsl<strong>de</strong>~ble ~Uention 1~ the surver,. His recent broad-<br />
'sI<strong>de</strong>s agaInst Western mterference' and his claim that<br />
the, West is trying to revive the Sevres Treaty of 1930<br />
"have left many Western diplomats b4fflea." the FT<br />
said. Demirel is quoted as saying "if the West does not<br />
un<strong>de</strong>rstand Turkey then Turkey will break off from the<br />
West anyway."<br />
Although "Mr: ~l' s coID!ßents may en<strong>de</strong>ar him<br />
to many Turks, It ,does little to Improve un<strong>de</strong>rstanding<br />
b<strong>et</strong>ween Turkey and Europe," the FT said. Demirel's<br />
anti-W~tern co~ments "may simply ,-eprcsent the views<br />
of an agmg patriarch, but they may also reflect a canny<br />
perception of a new p'0litical wmd blowing through<br />
Turkey," Teu said. 'For, as the last 30 years have<br />
shown, the one quality that Mr. Demirel undoubtedly has<br />
is that of a political survivor."<br />
The economic panorama<br />
Among many succinct observations the authors ma<strong>de</strong>,<br />
the FT sl!l"'ey stressed the following points concerning<br />
the. Turkish economy,: l) PrivatizatIon is 8.0ing at a<br />
snaIl s.p~ce. Out of this y~'s targ<strong>et</strong> of $5 bIllion, only<br />
$70 nnllion has been realIzed from "a few small-tick<strong>et</strong><br />
, . operations."<br />
2) Political ineptitu<strong>de</strong>,<br />
corruption and 'favoritism<br />
handicaps economic recovery<br />
as weIL<br />
3) "Recklessly mismanaged<br />
state banks" do not<br />
serve the best interests of<br />
Turkey. The banking business<br />
is not healthy. Medium<br />
'and small private Turkish<br />
banks are 6ad news. Most<br />
are technically bankrupt,<br />
according to one London<br />
banker.<br />
4) Turkey will be hit by<br />
energy blackouts next year.<br />
The mfrastructure is not a<strong>de</strong>quate<br />
<strong>de</strong>spite the fact that<br />
<strong>de</strong>mand for energy grows<br />
steadily. There are many<br />
projects started and left<br />
Incompl<strong>et</strong>e. "A diplomat<br />
says there are 4,000 unfinished<br />
infrastructure projects<br />
in Turkey... The government<br />
147
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEV0KA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
lacks political will to rank<br />
nowhere. "Not one single<br />
projects by or<strong>de</strong>r of priority<br />
and finish them." ..<br />
5) Build-Operate- Transfer<br />
(BOT) projects are going<br />
BOT project has y<strong>et</strong>been<br />
compl<strong>et</strong>ed in Turkey because of legal challenges, the<br />
bureaucracy's hostility to private capItal and inability to<br />
negotiate a<strong>de</strong>quate terms." . . '.<br />
. 6) The Treasury's prominence in the financial sector<br />
is partly responsible forhigh interest rates. "Treasury<br />
operations still remain by far (the Turkish banks')<br />
strongest source of profit. An estimated 65-70. percent of<br />
bank profits came from tra~ing government bonds in<br />
1994 ... The treasury'sap'p<strong>et</strong>tte for cash and the central<br />
bank's sound money policies have driven interest rates<br />
to Latin American levels."<br />
ï) Ceinral stock mark<strong>et</strong> Yaman Törüner says high<br />
. in~erest rates "are simply not his problem; they are <strong>de</strong>termmed<br />
by the supply and <strong>de</strong>mand for money, "and who<br />
is the borrower?' he asks. "It is the Treasury." .<br />
8) Istanb!ll stock mark<strong>et</strong> "is now one of Europe"s larger<br />
second-tIer bourses. Average daily trading bit a record<br />
of $563 million in April... This performance makes<br />
.~stanbul an important mark<strong>et</strong> in its own right to emerg-<br />
109 mark<strong>et</strong> players." "<br />
9) Foreign cash is pouring into the automotive indus-,<br />
try b~cause "Turkey is a low-cost base with duty-free<br />
access to Western Europe. Second, the domestic mark<strong>et</strong><br />
is very immature." The arrival of the Japanese will revolutioniz.e<br />
.the industry. "R~nault and Tofas are already<br />
~omplal~lOg th~t Toyota IS buying mark<strong>et</strong> 'share with<br />
unfaIr pnce cuttmg." . .<br />
Interior Minister Nahit Mente~e on Tuesday received a <strong>de</strong>legation led by Gulam Huseyin Bulandian, Iran's <strong>de</strong>puty interior minister, for security<br />
talks TON Cengiz Uysa!<br />
Iran calls PKK its enemy; <strong>de</strong>nies giving shelter<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
ANKARA- Gulam Huseyin Bulandian,<br />
the Iranian <strong>de</strong>puty interior minister said on<br />
Tuesday that the outlawed Kurdistan<br />
Workers' Party (PKK) was the eq~my of<br />
Iran and indicated their <strong>de</strong>sire to make the<br />
bor<strong>de</strong>r b<strong>et</strong>ween the two countries"a friendship<br />
bor<strong>de</strong>r." Bulandian arrived in Ankara<br />
on Monday for security talks against a backdrop<br />
of rumors that the PKK was amassing<br />
forces on Iranian territory for strikes at<br />
Turkey.<br />
Me<strong>et</strong>ing with Turkish Interior Minister<br />
Nahit Mente~e on Tuesday Bulandian said<br />
that as a country that has suffered the most<br />
from' terrorism Iran was prepared to coo~erate<br />
fully with Turkey to eradicate terronsm<br />
by the roots.<br />
For his part Nahit Mente~e said that coop-<br />
.eration b<strong>et</strong>ween the two countries in areas<br />
such as the fight against organized crime and<br />
drug trafficking was ongoing. .<br />
Bulandian told' reporters on Monday on<br />
his arrival in Ankara that Iran's bor<strong>de</strong>rs<br />
were tightly controlled by security forces<br />
against any possible infiltration by the PKK.<br />
"We did not and will not allow any sort of<br />
infiltration of those groups on Irahi an soil.<br />
The PKK and other similar groups .lhave no<br />
place in Iran. There are security agr,cements<br />
b<strong>et</strong>ween Iran and Turkey. According to<br />
'these accords, we do not allow Turkey' s<br />
,enemies to use our soil and Turkeydoes the<br />
, same," the Iranian official noted.<br />
Bulandian also noted that these agreements<br />
have been working very well and<br />
pointed out the presence of a mutual fOlitical<br />
will aimed at improving bilatera .relations<br />
b<strong>et</strong>weenlran and Turkey. . .<br />
A Turkish newspaper reported Saturday<br />
that a Turkish air strike force öf F-16 j<strong>et</strong>s on<br />
their way' to bomb a concentration of separatist<br />
mIlitants near the Turkish bor<strong>de</strong>r in '<br />
Iranhad been recalled'in mid-fIi~l1t late last'<br />
month on the intervention of tlie Foreign<br />
Ministry, which feared a strong protest from<br />
Tehran.<br />
The Iranian official' s Turkish counterpart<br />
Bekir Aksoy noted that this visit would<br />
maintain' the friendlyrelations b<strong>et</strong>ween the<br />
two neighbors. '"<br />
148
eaches and other facilities.<br />
We must .make it c1elltthat<br />
the lives pf people from. all<br />
over the "world, and especially<br />
the greater numbers<br />
who come from Europe, will<br />
be in danger."<br />
When asked about holidays<br />
to Turkey, none of the<br />
travel agents we approached<br />
mentioned the threat. P<strong>et</strong>er<br />
Espley, press counsellor at<br />
the Turkish tourist office in<br />
London,said:"The [Turkish)<br />
government is giving the<br />
issue high priority. There<br />
are greatly increased security<br />
measures in tourist<br />
areas."<br />
He pointed out that statistically<br />
Turkey was one of the<br />
safest holiday <strong>de</strong>stinations<br />
for European tourists: 18<br />
were killed in Florida alone<br />
last year. "However, I must<br />
stress that people should be<br />
vigilant at all times," he said.<br />
His warning was backed<br />
bythe Association of British<br />
!rayel Agents. It warns of<br />
"wilfe~pread terrorism in<br />
soùthéàst Turkey".<br />
The Turkish government<br />
did not respond to requests<br />
for a comqlent on the issue.<br />
~<br />
~<br />
Ö<br />
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The European. June 15, 1995<br />
A<br />
KURDISH mother<br />
and child sit in the<br />
ruins of their home in<br />
southeast Turkey, laid<br />
waste by government soldiers.<br />
"Marvellous holidays<br />
in Turkey! Visit our attractions!,"<br />
reads the headline<br />
on the poster.<br />
Soon to appear in European<br />
cities, the image is part<br />
of an anti-tourist campaign<br />
by the Kurdish Workers'<br />
Party (PKK), which has been<br />
fighting the Turkish government<br />
since 1984 for an in<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
Kurdish nation. The<br />
campaign is <strong>de</strong>signed to cut<br />
a swathe through Turkey's<br />
burgeoning tourist industry.<br />
But the posters are just<br />
the gloss on a more sinister<br />
threat. PKK sources told<br />
The European: "If tourists<br />
ignore our message and<br />
come on holiday to Turkey<br />
they will be targ<strong>et</strong>s. We will<br />
bomb tourist areas." Last<br />
year bombs explo<strong>de</strong>d in<br />
resorts on the Mediterranean<br />
coast, while in Istanbul<br />
three people were killed and<br />
many more woun<strong>de</strong>d.<br />
Of the 2.5 million Euro-<br />
~eans who visited Turkey in<br />
A PKK campaign is<br />
warning visitors away<br />
from Turkey, reports<br />
Richard Wayman<br />
1994, almost half came from<br />
Germany. They spent a total<br />
of $4.5 billion in hard currency,<br />
cash which Turkey's<br />
fragile economy can illafford<br />
to lose. A parliamentary<br />
report from late 1994<br />
said that Turkey spent at<br />
least $6.5 billion a year on<br />
its war with the PKK,<br />
fuelling hyperinflation.<br />
Ironically, it is this hyperinflation<br />
which attracts<br />
tourists. The exchange tates<br />
are now so favourable that<br />
they receive an extra 32 per<br />
cent spending money compared<br />
with last year. As a<br />
result, Turkey has leapt to<br />
number two among Britain's<br />
most popular <strong>de</strong>stinations,<br />
according to tour operator<br />
Lunn Poly. In Germany,<br />
Belgium and Scandinavia,<br />
however, bookings are down<br />
by b<strong>et</strong>ween 20 and 30 per<br />
cent, largely because of<br />
active Kurdish minorities.<br />
Kurds sentence tourism to <strong>de</strong>ath<br />
Holiday snap: marchers in London pass a poster alerting tourists to strife in southeast Turkey<br />
Desmond Fernan<strong>de</strong>z, head overwhelmed by highly statement to the press and<br />
of the institute of tourism colourful and visually stun- tour operators reads: "The<br />
and <strong>de</strong>velopment studies at ning tourist office advertise- PKK has <strong>de</strong>ci<strong>de</strong>d to undt'rthe<br />
University of Bedford in ments. Images of this nature take general action agaimt<br />
England, has accused tour sigruficantly influence public the tourist economy. "We<br />
operators of "wilful and opinion and are used to mar- have plans of action in .tue<br />
shocking irresponsibility" in k<strong>et</strong> and sell the package hol- Aegean, Mediterranean and"<br />
failing to alert prospective idays which entice millions the Sea of Marmara, and in<br />
tourists to the dangers. He of Europeans to Turkey." Kurdistan. This inclu~es<br />
said: "Over and again one is The secessionist rebels' tourist areas, hotels,<br />
-l::..<br />
\0
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO<br />
DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZET;<br />
FRS0819 4 I 0209 FRA /AFP-DQ69<br />
Turquie-UE<br />
Ankara critique la position du parlement européen sur le problème kur<strong>de</strong><br />
ANKARA, 15 juin (AFP) - La Turquie a critiqué mercredi la position du<br />
parlement européen, qui conditionne la ratification <strong>de</strong> l'accord d'union<br />
douanière conclu en mars entre la Turquie <strong>et</strong> l'UE à la libération <strong>de</strong>s<br />
députés turcs d'origine kur<strong>de</strong> emprisonnés.<br />
"La justice est indépendante en Turquie <strong>et</strong> ni le gouvernement ni le<br />
parlement ne peuvent avoir une influence sur elle. Nous l'avons déjà dit au<br />
parlement européen", a déclaré le porte-parole <strong>de</strong> la diplomatie turque Omer<br />
Akbel, lors <strong>de</strong> son point <strong>de</strong> presse hebdomadaire.<br />
"Il n'est pas utile d'établir un lien entre c<strong>et</strong>te affaire (députés<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>s) <strong>et</strong> l'union douanière alors que la Turquie remplit progressivement<br />
ses engagements (••• ) C<strong>et</strong>te union douanière est à la fois dans l'intérêt <strong>de</strong><br />
la Turquie <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> l'UE", a ajouté M. Akbel, en déplorant l'attitu<strong>de</strong> du<br />
parlement européen.<br />
Huit députés turcs d'origine kur<strong>de</strong> ont été condamnés en décembre <strong>de</strong>rnier<br />
à <strong>de</strong>s peines <strong>de</strong> trois ans <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>mi à 15 ans <strong>de</strong> prison pour "ai<strong>de</strong>" ou<br />
"appartenance à ban<strong>de</strong> armée" (ndIr: le Parti <strong>de</strong>s Travailleurs du Kurdistan,<br />
PKK, séparatiste, en rébellion armée <strong>de</strong>puis 1984). Deux d'entre eux 'ont été<br />
remis en liberté provisoire.<br />
ce/hc/mfo<br />
AFP /J00245/141711 JON 95<br />
Iraqi Army Repels Rebels Near Baghdad<br />
Compiled by Our Staff From Dispatches<br />
NICOSIA - Iraqi soldiers<br />
used tanks and helicopters to<br />
repel an assault by tribesmen<br />
'.lInd soldiers Wednesday on a<br />
'radio transmitter outsi<strong>de</strong> Bagh-<br />
.dad, dissi<strong>de</strong>nts said.<br />
The reported fighting did not<br />
appear to threaten Presi<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
Saddam Hussein's grip on pow-<br />
.er. But it was further evi<strong>de</strong>nce<br />
of unrest among the large Dulaimi<br />
tribe, which dissi<strong>de</strong>nts say<br />
took part in riots in May in the<br />
western province of AI Anbar.<br />
The attack was led by mem-<br />
.bers of the tribe on a relay station<br />
in Abu Ghraib, the site of a<br />
military camp and prison, according<br />
to Hamid Bayati, a<br />
lea<strong>de</strong>r of the an Iraqi opposi-<br />
~tion ~roup in London, who was<br />
quoting Baghdad sources.<br />
Transmission from the station,<br />
20 kilom<strong>et</strong>ers (12 miles) west of<br />
Baghdad, stopped for a short<br />
period and then resumed.<br />
An armored unit, the 14 July<br />
battalion, attacked the Baghdad<br />
Radio transmitters, as well<br />
as a heliport used by Mr. Saddam.<br />
The attack, led by General<br />
Turki Ismail Dulaimi, touched<br />
off a battle with tanks, armored<br />
vehicles and helicopters, according<br />
to witnesses who were<br />
contacted by telephone from<br />
Amman, Jordan. An air force<br />
general was killed in the fighting<br />
around the heliport where<br />
several homes of pilots were hit,<br />
they said.<br />
Mr. Saddam's<br />
special forces<br />
later encircled the rebels. executed Dulaimi air force gen-<br />
Iraq's Information Ministry eral, according to resi<strong>de</strong>nts of<br />
called the reports "lies and Ramadi, the capital of Anbar.<br />
wishful thinking." General Mohammed Maz-<br />
But Mr. Bayati said the fight- lum Dulaimi was arrested in<br />
ing involved soldiers and men November for his alleged role iti<br />
from the Dulaimi. Israeli mili- an~ttempted coup agai~st Mr.<br />
tary sources, speaking on condi- Saddam. He was executed i,n<br />
tion of anonymity, said they .mid-May. (AP, AFP)<br />
had reports of a "serious bat-<br />
tie." There was no immediate<br />
report of casualties.<br />
The rebels were <strong>de</strong>manding<br />
the release of all Abu Gbraib's<br />
prison inmates, including hundreds<br />
&ITestedin troubled Anbar<br />
Province since May 18, the<br />
witnesses said.<br />
. INTERNATIONAL HERALD<br />
Almost 850 peoplewere.-'<br />
roun<strong>de</strong>d up after::clashes"that:<br />
followed the'1!ëtum to hisfaÎn~TRIBUNE, THURSDAY, JUNE 15, 1995<br />
ily of the mutilàte
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVlEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETÎ<br />
AFP --:: AFP -.-~- AFP ~-.-: A F P- --.-.:: A- -F -P- --.-.:: A .F .. -P- --.-::<br />
FRS0404 4 I 0450 EXT jAFP-JC60<br />
Europe-Turquie-Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
Commission européenne <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme: requêtes recevables <strong>de</strong>s<br />
six députés kur<strong>de</strong>s emprisonnés en Turquie<br />
STRASBOURG, 15 juin<br />
emprisonnés en Turquie<br />
(AFP) - Les requêtes <strong>de</strong><br />
qui s'estiment victimes<br />
six députés d'origine<br />
<strong>de</strong> violations <strong>de</strong> la<br />
kur<strong>de</strong><br />
Convention européenne <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme ont été déclarées recevables<br />
par la Commission européenne <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme, a-t-on appris jeudi<br />
auprès du Conseil <strong>de</strong> l'Europe.<br />
La levée <strong>de</strong> l'immunité parlementaire, l'arrestation <strong>et</strong> la condamnation<br />
<strong>de</strong>s six députés est à l'origine d'un bras <strong>de</strong> fer entre Ankara <strong>et</strong> les<br />
institutions européennes <strong>et</strong> avaient provoqué <strong>de</strong>s protestations dans le<br />
mon<strong>de</strong> entier.<br />
<strong>de</strong><br />
Le Conseil <strong>de</strong><br />
respecter les<br />
l'Europe a lancé un ultimatum à la Turquie<br />
droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme, <strong>et</strong> notamment <strong>de</strong> libérer<br />
lui<br />
les<br />
<strong>de</strong>mandant<br />
six<br />
députés, sous.peine <strong>de</strong> se voir suspendue <strong>de</strong> l'organisation pan-europ~enne.<br />
Les mêmes conditions ont été posées par le Parlement européen pour<br />
donner son feu vert à la mise en oeuvre <strong>de</strong> l'accord d'Union douanière entre<br />
la Turquie <strong>et</strong> l'Union européenne.<br />
Les six députés, anciens membres du Parti <strong>de</strong><br />
pro-kur<strong>de</strong>) ,ont été condamnés en décembre <strong>de</strong>rnier<br />
la Démocratie<br />
par la Cour<br />
(DEP,<br />
<strong>de</strong> sûr<strong>et</strong>é <strong>de</strong><br />
l'Etat d'Ankara à <strong>de</strong>s peines allant <strong>de</strong> trois ans <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>mi à quinze ans<br />
d'emprisonnement pour propagan<strong>de</strong> séparatiste, ou appartenance à une ban<strong>de</strong><br />
armée.<br />
Arrêtés les 2 <strong>et</strong> 4 mars 1994, aussitôt après l'a levée <strong>de</strong> leur immunité<br />
parlementaire, les six députés avaient été maintenus en gar<strong>de</strong> à vue<br />
jusqu'au 16 mars puis placés<br />
la Cour <strong>de</strong> sûr<strong>et</strong>é <strong>de</strong> l'Etat.<br />
en détention provisoire jusqu'au jugement <strong>de</strong><br />
Dans leur requête auprès <strong>de</strong> la Commission européenne <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong><br />
l'homme MM. Sirri Sakik, Ahm<strong>et</strong> Turk, Mahmut Alinak, Mehm<strong>et</strong> Hatip Dicle,<br />
Orhan Dogan <strong>et</strong> Mme Leyla Zana invoquent les articles 5, 6 <strong>et</strong> 10 <strong>de</strong> la<br />
Convention européenne <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme qui garantissent les droits à<br />
la liberté, à être entendu par un tribunal indépendant <strong>et</strong> impartial, <strong>et</strong> à<br />
la liberté d'expression.<br />
Ils font également valoir que l'article 14 <strong>de</strong> la Convention réprime les<br />
discriminations dans l'exercice <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme fondées sur<br />
l'appartenance à une minorité nationale.<br />
La Commission européenne <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme ne peut se prononcer que<br />
sur <strong>de</strong>s procédures pénales qui ont fait l'obj<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> toutes les voies <strong>de</strong><br />
recours possibles au niveau national. Aussi, elle ne tranche pas sur la<br />
question <strong>de</strong> la recevabilité <strong>de</strong>s requêtes concernant la procédure pénale car<br />
un pourvoi est ~galement pendant <strong>de</strong>vant la Cour <strong>de</strong> Cassation turque. En<br />
: revanche, elle les déclare recevables en ce qui concerne la légalité <strong>et</strong> la<br />
durée <strong>de</strong> leur gar<strong>de</strong> à vue (article 6 <strong>de</strong> la Convention).<br />
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151
FRS0741 4 I 0367EXT /AFP-SS56<br />
UE-Turquie<br />
La prési<strong>de</strong>nte <strong>de</strong>s socialistes du PE critique l'absence<br />
un ministre turc qui l'a traitée <strong>de</strong> "prostituée"<br />
<strong>de</strong> sanction<br />
-<br />
contre<br />
STRASBOURG, 13 juin (AFP) - La Britannique Pauline Green, prési<strong>de</strong>nte du<br />
groupe socialiste du Parlement européen (PE), a critiqué mardi l'absence <strong>de</strong><br />
sanction contre le ministre d'Etat-turc Ayvaz Gok<strong>de</strong>mir qui l'a injuriée<br />
ainsi que <strong>de</strong>ux collègues récemment lors d'une réunion électorale.<br />
M. Gok<strong>de</strong>mir avait qualifié Pauline<br />
Lalumière (prési<strong>de</strong>ntes respectivement<br />
Green, Claudia Roth <strong>et</strong> Catherine<br />
<strong>de</strong>s groupes <strong>de</strong>s Verts <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />
l'Alliance<br />
position,<br />
Radicale<br />
lors d'un<br />
au PE)<br />
voyage<br />
<strong>de</strong> "prostituées" en<br />
officiel en Turquie<br />
commentant leurs prises <strong>de</strong><br />
du 23 au 25 mai <strong>de</strong>rnier, en<br />
faveur <strong>de</strong> la libération <strong>de</strong>s<br />
En dépit <strong>de</strong>s dénégations<br />
prisonniers<br />
du ministre<br />
politiques<br />
turc -qui<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>s emprisonnés.<br />
a-affirmé ne pas avoir<br />
parlé <strong>de</strong> "prostituées", mais <strong>de</strong> "personnes <strong>de</strong> moralité douteuse"- "il ne<br />
fait aucun doute que ces propos ont été tenus par ce ministre en exercice",<br />
a estimé la prési<strong>de</strong>nte du groupe socialiste <strong>de</strong>vant la presse mardi en marge<br />
<strong>de</strong> la session plénière du Parlement européen.<br />
Ces déclarations avaient été rapportées le 3 juin par le quotidien turc<br />
Hurriy<strong>et</strong>.<br />
un<br />
"Rien n'a été fait contre ce ministre",<br />
pays <strong>de</strong> l'Union européenne, un ministre<br />
s'est indigné Mme Green.<br />
en exercice qui tiendrait<br />
"Dans<br />
<strong>de</strong><br />
tels propos démissionnerait", a-t-elle dit à l'AFP.<br />
"Cela montre, a-t-elle dit, toute la distance qui sépare<br />
Turquie <strong>de</strong>s normes démocratiques qui sont les nôtres".<br />
encore la<br />
Le Parlement<br />
douanière avec<br />
européen refuse <strong>de</strong> donner son feu vert<br />
la Turquie tant qu'Ankara ne respectera<br />
à l'accord d'Union<br />
pas la démocratie <strong>et</strong><br />
les droits <strong>de</strong> -l'homme.<br />
"Je ne laisserai pas mon jugement politique sur l'Union douanière être<br />
obscurci par <strong>de</strong>s jugements injurieux d'un ministre turc en exercice", a<br />
indiqué Pauline Green.<br />
Le Parlement européen conditionne actuellement la mise en oeuvre <strong>de</strong><br />
l'accord d'Union douanière, signé en mars entre l'UE <strong>et</strong> Ankara, à la<br />
libération <strong>de</strong>s députés kur<strong>de</strong>s emprisonnés <strong>et</strong> à une amélioration globale <strong>de</strong><br />
la démocratie en Turquie, <strong>de</strong> nature à perm<strong>et</strong>tre une solution politique aux<br />
problèmes kur<strong>de</strong> <strong>et</strong> chypriote.<br />
dro/gg/mfo<br />
AFP /J00245/131349 JON 95<br />
152
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
--<br />
r<br />
• Turquie<br />
La démocratisation<br />
<strong>de</strong>vant les députés<br />
Un «pOlI en avant»<br />
maiB Bera-ce BuffiBant ,<br />
près une année <strong>de</strong> pro- puis mars l'Union à Ankara).<br />
,.. A messes répétées <strong>et</strong> d'inces- Mme Ciller obtiendra vrai-<br />
-Santes tergiversations, semblablement la majorité<br />
;MmeTansu Ciller, le Premier parlementaire nécessaire pour<br />
~inistre turc, a enfin obtenu pouvoir réformer la Constitu-<br />
~e le Parlement se penche sur tion sans <strong>de</strong>voir recourir à un<br />
les réformes démocratiques qui référendum, soit un minimum<br />
:<strong>de</strong>vraient perm<strong>et</strong>tre à Ankara <strong>de</strong> 300 voix sur 450. Elle dis-<br />
.<strong>de</strong> se rapprocher <strong>de</strong> l'Europe pose (enfin) du soutien <strong>de</strong> l'aile<br />
'Communautaire. La Gran<strong>de</strong> droite <strong>de</strong> sa formation, le Dyp<br />
Assemblée nationale a entamé (Parti <strong>de</strong> la juste voie), longo,<br />
mercredi la révision <strong>de</strong> Vingt<strong>et</strong> temps très réticente, <strong>de</strong> celui<br />
un articles <strong>de</strong> la Constitution <strong>de</strong> l'allié social-démocrate <strong>de</strong> la<br />
qui assoupliront les pratiques coalition, le CHP (Parti répupolitiques<br />
mais ne vont pas à blicain du peuple) mais aussi<br />
l'essentiel <strong>et</strong> risquent donc <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> celui du principal parti d'opne<br />
pas résoudre le différend position, l'Anap (Parti <strong>de</strong> la<br />
avec les Quinze.<br />
mère patrie, droite). Si tous les<br />
députés votent le proj<strong>et</strong>, elle<br />
<strong>de</strong>vrait obtenir 345 voix.<br />
LESI(URDES<br />
C'e~t ainsi que la réformé<br />
constitutionnelle prévoit notamment<br />
la levée <strong>de</strong>s restricpons<br />
sur l'exercice du droit<br />
~ndical pour les fonction-<br />
~ires, la suppreBBionpour les<br />
_sociations <strong>et</strong> les syndicats <strong>de</strong><br />
"nterdiction <strong>de</strong> faire <strong>de</strong> la poli-<br />
Uque;l'abaissement du droit <strong>de</strong><br />
~te <strong>de</strong> 20 à 18 ans, l'abaisselDent<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'âge d'éligibilité <strong>de</strong> 30<br />
• 25 ans ainsi que l'octroi du<br />
<strong>et</strong>roit<strong>de</strong> vote aux Turcs qui rési<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
à l'étranger. C'est, a re-<br />
!èvé un diplomate, la première<br />
.is que la Constitution, élabo-<br />
Be par les putschistes <strong>de</strong> 1980,<br />
_ modifiée <strong>de</strong> manière subs-<br />
J,Ilntielleà l'initiative <strong>de</strong>s civils.<br />
ns'agit donc d'un« pas dans la<br />
bonne direction ».<br />
Par cOntre, <strong>de</strong>ux suj<strong>et</strong>s es-<br />
!lElntielsne sont pas abordés: la<br />
liberté d'expression (<strong>de</strong> nom-<br />
I¥'eux écrivains <strong>et</strong> journalistes<br />
:~nt en prison pour <strong>de</strong>s écrits<br />
jugés «subversifs », notam-<br />
'ment à propos du problème<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>) <strong>et</strong> les droits <strong>de</strong> la minorité<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>. Or, ce sont ces <strong>de</strong>ux<br />
.points qui font le plus problème<br />
avec l'Union européenne (à laquelle<br />
la Turquie désire adhérer<br />
mais qui ne peut accueilir<br />
;que<strong>de</strong>s pays pleinement démocratiques)<br />
<strong>et</strong> avec le Parlement<br />
européen en particulier (qui<br />
hésite à ratifier le traité<br />
d'union douanière qui lie <strong>de</strong>-<br />
GOKDEMIR<br />
C'est dans ce contexte que se<br />
situe, aussi, l'absur<strong>de</strong>" affaire<br />
Gok<strong>de</strong>mir ", du nom du ministre<br />
d'Etat sans portefeuille<br />
Ayvaz Gok<strong>de</strong>mir qui a récemment<br />
traité trois éminences du<br />
Parlement européen, Mmes<br />
Pauline Green, Claudia Roth <strong>et</strong><br />
Catherine Lalumière, prési-'<br />
<strong>de</strong>ntes <strong>de</strong>s groupes socialiste,<br />
écolo<strong>et</strong> radical, <strong>de</strong>« putes» (ou<br />
<strong>de</strong> «prostituées» selon les versions)<br />
parce qu'elles <strong>de</strong>mandaient<br />
la libération <strong>de</strong>s huit<br />
députés kur<strong>de</strong>s condamnés en<br />
décembre 1994 à <strong>de</strong> lour<strong>de</strong>s<br />
peines <strong>de</strong> prison.<br />
Les propos très cavaliers <strong>de</strong><br />
M. Gok<strong>de</strong>mir constituent évi<strong>de</strong>mment<br />
une catastrophe diplomatique<br />
pour Mme Ciller<br />
- qui a présenté <strong>de</strong>s excuses<br />
écrites - mais le Premier ministre<br />
ne peut guère" réagir" :<br />
M. Gok<strong>de</strong>mir est un <strong>de</strong>s piliers<br />
<strong>de</strong> la droite <strong>de</strong> son parti <strong>et</strong> elle a<br />
besoin <strong>de</strong>s voix <strong>de</strong> ce courant<br />
pour faire adopter les réformes<br />
démocratiques exigées... par le<br />
Parlement européen. Il est<br />
que$tion d'un remaniement<br />
ministériel d'ici la fin du mois<br />
mais que faire <strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong> encombrant<br />
personnage qui n'a déjà<br />
pas <strong>de</strong> portefeuille?<br />
Marc OPSOMER.<br />
153
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA<br />
STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
FRSO~456 4 I ~ 0239 TUR jAFP-JL42<br />
Turquie-Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
28rebelles kur<strong>de</strong>s tués lors d'opérations militaires en Anatolie<br />
ANKARA, 15 juin (AFP) - 28 rebelles k~r<strong>de</strong>s ont été tués <strong>et</strong> 11 autres se<br />
sont rendus aux forces <strong>de</strong> l'ordre lors d'accrochages armés dans l'est <strong>et</strong> le<br />
sud-est anatoliens, a-t-on annoncé jeudi <strong>de</strong> sources officielle <strong>et</strong><br />
semi-officielle.<br />
Cinq rebelles du Parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs du Kurdistan (PKK, séparatiste)<br />
.ont été tués lors d'opérations militaires dans les provinces <strong>de</strong> Diyarbakir<br />
(chef-lieu du sud-est anatolien à majorité kur<strong>de</strong>), <strong>de</strong> Batman (sud-est) <strong>et</strong><br />
.<strong>de</strong> Tunceli (est), selon un communiqué <strong>de</strong> la super-préfecture <strong>de</strong> Diyarbakir.<br />
23 autres maquisards du PKK ont été tués lors <strong>de</strong> combats entre forces <strong>de</strong><br />
sécurité <strong>et</strong> rebelles dans la vallée <strong>de</strong> d'Ahbanoz, près <strong>de</strong> la<br />
sous-préfecture d'Ovacik, dans la province <strong>de</strong> Tunceli, a rapporté jeudi<br />
l'agence Anatolie.<br />
Les opérations <strong>de</strong> l'armée sont soutenues par <strong>de</strong>s hélicoptères dans c<strong>et</strong>te<br />
région très montagneuse qui constitue l'un <strong>de</strong>s refuges <strong>de</strong>s militants armés<br />
du PKK, selon la même source.<br />
Ce bilan porte à au moins 186 le nombre <strong>de</strong> rebelles kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>et</strong> à 22 les<br />
'pertes <strong>de</strong> l'armée turque lors <strong>de</strong> combats dans différentes zones du sud-est<br />
anatolien en moins d'une semaine, selon une compilation effectuée à partir<br />
<strong>de</strong> chiffres officiels.<br />
Depuis lundi, l'armée aurait mobilisé près <strong>de</strong> 50.000 soldats dans la<br />
région <strong>de</strong> Tunceli, selon <strong>de</strong>s informations non confirmées officiellement.<br />
c.<br />
CE/hc/bm/cc<br />
AFP /J00245/151359 JON 95<br />
INTERNATIONAL HERALD'TRlBuNE, FRIDAY, JUNE 16, 1995<br />
'Increasing Tension' inIraq<br />
BriefRevolt by Elite Troops Sigools Unrest, U.S•.Says<br />
Revten Pentagon spokesman, IÇ.enBa- ing repÖ~ that they said origi-<br />
WASHINGTON - The con, who gave similar but sepa- nated with exiled Iraqi opposi-.<br />
United States said Thursday rate briefings on the issue, said . tion figures in. Damascus. .<br />
.that a brief "mutiny" by Re- where the information came<br />
publican Guard tank troops from. But other U.S. officials The official U.S. assessment<br />
had occurred near Baghdad and .cited intelligence sources. said the uprising was believed.<br />
was apparently quashed by loy- .<br />
to have been led by members of I<br />
al Republican Guard troops.. The U.S. report said the clash .the Dulaimi tribe, one of the<br />
The Stateand Defense De- bad involved an attack by rebel major Sunni Muslim tribes ,of<br />
partments said the revoit tank troops on a government Iraq and traditionally a lItrong<br />
~t Pr~i<strong>de</strong>nt SaddlW1ßus- r~dio facility in Abu Ghraib, supporter of Mr. Saddam. .<br />
.-p tQQk..JSJaçe.on,WCIIf11.adAY ~e site afp. ~ C8.JI.1P:a:nd.<br />
and was äppàrentIy thé second prison about 20 kilom<strong>et</strong>ers (I2 "We think this is the second<br />
such inci<strong>de</strong>nt in recent w~ks. .nliles) west of Baghdad. inci<strong>de</strong>nt of unrestin recent<br />
. "We don't know all the <strong>de</strong>- "It suggests that there is .in- weeks Involving this tribe," Mr.<br />
tails, but we can confirm. that creasing tension within his Bacon said. "There was some<br />
there was a mutiny by a small army," said Mr. Bacon. "It cer- unrest recor<strong>de</strong>d west of Bagh-.<br />
number of Republican Guard . I h t S dd dad in May involving the same<br />
armored troops in Abu Ghraib, tam y appears t a a am grou~ and we think it was<br />
Hussein IS facing increasing<br />
which is near Baghdad," said ~ure from groups that have spar ed by Saddam Hussein's<br />
Nicholas Bums, the State De- loyal to him in the past." g~)Vernment's torture and killpartmentspokesman.<br />
"It' was ing of a senior tribal official<br />
apparently put down by other The Iraqi government <strong>de</strong>nied who had been accused of at- ..<br />
Republican Guard units." that there had been any unrest tempting to plot a coup against;<br />
Neither Mr. Burns nor the insi<strong>de</strong> the country in discount- 'Saddam Hussein."<br />
L'Evenément du Jeudi<br />
15-21 juin 1995<br />
~PHRASE .<br />
«Nous ne libérerons pas<br />
.Ies traîtres pour laireplaisi;<br />
,aux prostituées venues ..<br />
d'Europe. I> C'est ainsi .<br />
que le ministre d'Eta,.,urC<br />
Ayvaz GocImekir a exprimé'<br />
son refus <strong>de</strong> libérer les<br />
dép~~,.k~es emprisOnné.<br />
pour délit' d"opinion, alors. .<br />
qu<strong>et</strong>roisparlementaires .<br />
'$Uropéennes,<br />
i;lontCatherine Lalurt.ière,<br />
yenaient d~exprimer, . .<br />
.tiprès un voyage en Turquie,<br />
1eur intention <strong>de</strong> .<br />
.<strong>et</strong>'surVeillerles pratiques<br />
.lYrques en matière <strong>de</strong> droits<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'l:to.m,,,el>.<br />
154
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEw-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA<br />
STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
Turkish Daily News llIURSDAY, JUNE 15. 1995<br />
Prof. B~kayareleased after IS months in jail<br />
Imprisoned for his thoughts, Baf?kaya.expresses<br />
no remorse and vows to continue speaking out<br />
Turkish Da.ily News .. Gre<strong>et</strong>ed outsi<strong>de</strong> Haymana priso~ near Ankara b a<br />
Al':lK~RA- Professor Flu<strong>et</strong>. ~a~kaya, a leadmg large group of family, friends and admirers B~krya<br />
Turkish mtellectual who w~alled for a ~ook he expressed no remorse for what he has writt~n or said<br />
Prof. Fikr<strong>et</strong><br />
Balikaya<br />
~~, was.released o~ Wedn . y as the vanous par- in the past and <strong>de</strong>clared his intention to continue<br />
ti~ ID Parbament.continue to qUibbleover Wh<strong>et</strong>her.the expressmg the same i<strong>de</strong>as in the future.<br />
!lf11cleun<strong>de</strong>r which he was charged should be abol- Ba~kaya said that the TL 41 million fine that the<br />
Ished or no~.<br />
court imposed on hirri also put him in dire financial<br />
. B~kaya s .release, however, was not due to an offi- straits. Asked by journalists about Article 8. B~kaya<br />
Cial exone~on of any so~ but came because.he had said this was the product of the parties that emer ed<br />
70mpl<strong>et</strong>ed his 20-month P!1so~,sentence for his book from the Sept. 12, 1980 coup. "Article 8 is the inv~n-<br />
The C.ollapseof the Paradigm. .. tion of parties that are void of content," B~kaya said.<br />
B~kaya only serv~d 15 months of hiS pnson sen- Ba~kaya argued .that today's Parliament is also<br />
tence but u.nd~r.Turkis~l.awshould have served even "void of content" and expressed serious doubt that a<br />
less due to JudiCialrenusslOn. .. ~emocrati~ti~n packa~e could be accepted by the leg-<br />
. l:Ie~as forced t? serve 15 month.sund~r S~pu~~tions Islature as It IStoday. The parties are not working to<br />
w~ch InCreasedhis sentence for dissenunating sepa-. lift obstructions but to lay down new ones ". B:l\:kaya<br />
ratist propaganda." said. ' -,<br />
B~kaya was tried by t~e Ist~nbul State Security Asked what he thinks about the fact that he was dis-<br />
Court un~er the con~verslal. Articl~ 8 of ~e Law on O\ynedby the universities ~ven though he is an aca<strong>de</strong>-<br />
Combat~mg Terronsn\. Article 8 IS con~l<strong>de</strong>red .by nilc, B~kaya said, 'There are no longer any universihuman<br />
nghts groups as one of the key articles which ties."<br />
effectively p~ts a lid on the freedom of expression in "If the universities had acted as universities then no<br />
Turkey an~ IScurren~y the ~ubject of a heated politi- schol:rr would be in prison today. The unive~ities are<br />
cal <strong>de</strong>bate ID and outsi<strong>de</strong> ParlIament.<br />
working to make young minds blunt."<br />
Finnish human rights expert visitsInterior Minister Men~e<br />
Mente~e: Our struggle<br />
is based on a just cause<br />
By Çaglar Ünal<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
ANKARA- Interior Minister Nahit Mente~e<br />
received Christopher Panico, a research expert<br />
from Human Rights Watch-Helsinki, at his office<br />
. on Wednesday.<br />
Speaking at a press conference after this me<strong>et</strong>ing,<br />
Mente~ said Panico had come to Turkey to<br />
research the activities of the Kurdistan Workers'<br />
Party (PKK) and the suffering inflicted on innocent<br />
people by this outlawed organization.<br />
. Mente~e noted that the PKK had been formed<br />
illegally in 1978, with the aim of damaging<br />
Turkey. The Turkish government launched an<br />
operatIon against militants of the PKK after the<br />
latter carried out attacks on Eruh district in Siirt<br />
province and Semdinli district in Hakkari.<br />
Mente~e aa<strong>de</strong>d that the PKK always targ<strong>et</strong>ed<br />
innocent people. The interior minister continued<br />
that 1,086 innocent people had been killed by<br />
PKK militants in 1994. Last week, four babies<br />
died at the hands of militants in Hakkari, he said.<br />
"Our struggle is right and our aim is to protect<br />
the innocent. Turkey is one country and no one<br />
can divi<strong>de</strong> this country," Mente~ stated.<br />
The minister continued that the PKK was on<br />
the <strong>de</strong>cline and wasfinished. He said the Turkish<br />
people had solved the terrorism problem, especiany<br />
in ~Irnak. ~Irnak and its districts had<br />
become a secure area and Sinak even had a football<br />
team now, Mente~ead<strong>de</strong>d.<br />
He said the police and military forces were<br />
successful in their operations, adding, "The<br />
killers of 19 soldiers in Tunceli will certainly be<br />
punished." \<br />
The minister said the PKK was cooperating<br />
with the outlawed leftist organizations and PKK<br />
militants were involved in drug trafficking to<br />
finance their outlawed activities. 'The PKK cannot<br />
fight with the Turkish government, because it<br />
is not stron~ enough to fight with the Turkish<br />
government, , he ad<strong>de</strong>d. Mente~e continued that<br />
38 teachers had been killed last year, commenting<br />
that this amounted to savagery and the whole<br />
world should say "stop" to this savagery. He said<br />
that teachers played a valuable and important role<br />
in the country.<br />
''There is no <strong>et</strong>hnic problem in Turkey now.<br />
.All citizens are equal, no matter wh<strong>et</strong>her Kurdish<br />
or Turkish. There are lots of our Kurdish citizens<br />
in the western cities," Mente~e said. The interior<br />
minister ad<strong>de</strong>d that the PKK has started to disturb<br />
the big cities and tourism resorts, but the Turkish<br />
government has enough power to fight it.<br />
He continued that the PKK was against the<br />
<strong>de</strong>velopment of eastern and southeastern districts,<br />
but no one could prevent this <strong>de</strong>velopment.<br />
"It is impossible' for the PKK to resist against<br />
the Turkish government," Mente~ said.<br />
For his part, Panico said ~e ~ad come to<br />
Turkey to observe the general situation of human<br />
rights in the country and would research human<br />
rights in general. He ad<strong>de</strong>d that he would examine<br />
all the violations committed by the outlawed<br />
organization in the area of human rights.<br />
Panico continued that he would not be releasing<br />
any information to the press on his findings,<br />
but a statement would be issued after the research<br />
was compl<strong>et</strong>ed.<br />
155
REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ~RNISTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZETÏ<br />
.La mutinerie d'luneunité <strong>de</strong> l'arméelrakienne<br />
a été réprimée par les troupes fidèles aurégime<br />
Cesinci<strong>de</strong>nts font suite à <strong>de</strong>s émeutes, en mai, dans la région d'Abou Gharib<br />
SELON DES INFORMAnONS nommée le «bataillon du parti »,<br />
recueillies à Amman, en Jordanie, parce que, jusqu'alors, très fidèle<br />
une mutinerie a éclaté, mercredi au parti Baas au pouvoir - est<br />
14juiri, dans une garnison située à commandée par le général lUrId<br />
une. vingtaine <strong>de</strong> kilomètres à Ismail el-Doulaimi, membre <strong>de</strong> la<br />
l'ouest <strong>de</strong> Bagdad, dans une région<br />
qui a été le théâtre, en mai, <strong>de</strong> sanglantes<br />
émeutes, violemme,nt réprimées.<br />
puissante tribu sunnite <strong>de</strong>s Doulaimi<br />
qui est <strong>de</strong>puis longtemps liée au<br />
régime du prési<strong>de</strong>nt Saddam Hus-<br />
Des témoins contactés sein. Les Do~aimi, parmi.lesquels<br />
par téléphone ont affirmé que, se recrutent nombre d'officiers <strong>de</strong><br />
mercredi matin, un bataillon <strong>de</strong><br />
blindés avait ~ttaqué les ém<strong>et</strong>teurs<br />
<strong>de</strong> la radio irakienne à Abou Gharib<br />
<strong>et</strong> qu'une épaisse fumée noire<br />
la Gar<strong>de</strong> républiCaine - véritable<br />
gar<strong>de</strong> prétorienne du chef <strong>de</strong> l'Etat<br />
- font partie du <strong>de</strong>uxième cercle<br />
du pouvoir.<br />
s'élevait au-<strong>de</strong>ssus <strong>de</strong>s lieux.<br />
ToutefoiS, mercredi soir à Bagdad,<br />
L'INSURRECTION DES DOULA1M1<br />
aucune interruption <strong>de</strong>s pro-<br />
grammes n'avait été const'lltée au<br />
cours <strong>de</strong> la journée <strong>et</strong> la télévision<br />
'Mais, <strong>de</strong>puis le 18mai, ils sont<br />
impliqués dans <strong>de</strong>s affiontements<br />
avec les forces <strong>de</strong> l'ordre, à la suite<br />
a démenti ces informations, les <strong>de</strong> l'exécution d'un <strong>de</strong>s leurs, le général<br />
qualifiant <strong>de</strong> «propagan<strong>de</strong> ». Mais<br />
<strong>de</strong>s diplomates arabes en poste à<br />
Bagdad, sans pouvoir fournir <strong>de</strong><br />
<strong>de</strong> l'armée <strong>de</strong> l'air Moham-<br />
mad Mazloum al-Doulaimi. Arrêté<br />
en novembre 1994pour «complicité<br />
détails, ont indiqué, jeudi, que <strong>de</strong>s<br />
dans une tentative <strong>de</strong> coup<br />
troubles s'étaient produits, la d'Etat », ce <strong>de</strong>rnier a été exécuté <strong>et</strong><br />
veille, dans le périmètre <strong>de</strong>s impor- .<br />
tantes installations militaires qui se<br />
trouvent à Abou Gharib <strong>et</strong> que le<br />
secteur était isolé du reste du pays.<br />
L'unité qui s'est mutinée - sur-<br />
son corps - mutilé - a été rendu à<br />
sa famille le 17mal. C<strong>et</strong> événement<br />
a provoqué une véritable insurrection<br />
qui a été brutalement réprimée<br />
(Le Mon<strong>de</strong> du 31 mai). $elon<br />
<strong>de</strong>s habitants <strong>de</strong> Ramadi, qui ont<br />
fui eh Jordanie ce chef-lieu du gouvernorat<br />
dont dépend Abou Ghaob,<br />
près <strong>de</strong> 850personnes ont été<br />
arrêtées après les émeutes, qui auraient<br />
fait plus <strong>de</strong> 170morts, dont<br />
une centaine <strong>de</strong> civils.La mutinerie<br />
<strong>de</strong> mercredi aurait été provoquée<br />
par l'attaque menée la veille à Ramadi<br />
par les forces <strong>de</strong> l'ordre<br />
contre le domicile d'un <strong>de</strong>s dignitaires<br />
<strong>de</strong> la tribu <strong>de</strong>s Doulaimi.<br />
Selon <strong>de</strong>s informations dignes<br />
<strong>de</strong> foi reçues par l'AFp,jeudi à Amman,<br />
l'insurrection du bataillon<br />
d'Abou Ghanb a été matée <strong>et</strong> le<br />
général qui l'a menée s'est «suicidé<br />
». Des unités <strong>de</strong>s forces spécialesd'intervention<br />
avaient encerclé<br />
les. insurgés mercredi<br />
après-midi.<br />
Après une première tentative<br />
d'avance sur la prison d'Abou<br />
Gharib, qui a échoué, le général al-<br />
Doulaimi a lancé une <strong>de</strong>uxième attaque<br />
qui s'est soldée par l'anéantissement<br />
<strong>de</strong> son bataillon. Les insurgés<br />
exigeaient la libération <strong>de</strong><br />
tous les prisonniers détenus dans<br />
la prison.<br />
FRS0391 4 I 0248 TUR /AFP-QC95<br />
Turquie-Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
Cinq militaires tués lors d'une attaque rebelle kur<strong>de</strong><br />
ANKARA, 16 juin (AFP) - Cinq militaires turcs ont été tués <strong>et</strong> six autres<br />
bles~és lors d'une attaque rebelle kur<strong>de</strong> dans la nuit <strong>de</strong> jeudi à vendredi<br />
contre un poste <strong>de</strong> la gendarmerie turque dans la région <strong>de</strong> Baskale, daps la<br />
province <strong>de</strong> Van à la frontière avec l'Iran, a rapporté l'agence Anatolie.<br />
. Des militants armés du Parti <strong>de</strong>s Travailleurs du Kurdistan (PKK,<br />
.séparatiste), venant du territoire iranien selon <strong>de</strong>s autorités locales, ont<br />
attaqué avec <strong>de</strong>s lance-roqu<strong>et</strong>tes le poste d'Erenler <strong>de</strong> la gendarmerie<br />
turque situé sur la frontière turco-iranienne, selon la même source.<br />
Ce bilan porte à 27 le nombre <strong>de</strong> militaires turcs tués lors <strong>de</strong> combats<br />
entre forces <strong>de</strong> sécurité turques <strong>et</strong> rebelles kur<strong>de</strong>s du PKK <strong>de</strong>puis une<br />
semaine.<br />
Par ailleurs, selon le super-préf<strong>et</strong>. <strong>de</strong> Diyarbakir, Unal Erkan, chargé <strong>de</strong>"<br />
la coordination <strong>de</strong> la lutte contre le PKK, 284 rebelles ont été tués lors<br />
d'opérations militaires effectuées du 1er au 15 juin dans dix régions<br />
administratives qui sont sous état d'urgence <strong>de</strong>puis juill<strong>et</strong> 1987. ~<br />
Le parlement turc doit se prononcer prochainement sur une prolongation<br />
<strong>de</strong> ce régime d'exception pour urtepério<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> quatre mois à partir du 19<br />
.juill<strong>et</strong>.<br />
Le PKK mène une rébellion contre Ankara <strong>de</strong>puis 1984 pour créer un Etat<br />
indépend~nt kur<strong>de</strong> dans le sud-est anatolien. C<strong>et</strong>te rébellion <strong>et</strong> les<br />
.opérations <strong>de</strong> représailles.<strong>de</strong> l'armée ont fait.près <strong>de</strong> ~6.00Q morts en Il<br />
ans. .<br />
156
11------------------------------------------------_<br />
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVlEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RMSTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
6 Turkish Probe June 16,1995<br />
Different Tunes Aired inTurkey<br />
While KDP Hunts Security Deal<br />
Rafit Gürdilek<br />
Oll conducted by the Turkish Daily News<br />
recently showed that Turks, seeing the<br />
~ uthority vacuum in northern Iraq as a chief<br />
source of insecurity for the country, want Baghdad's<br />
authority to be reinstated in the Kurdish-controlled<br />
north. If a former senior Kurdish official is to be<br />
believed, the Iraqi Kurds, frustrated with their lea<strong>de</strong>rs'<br />
bloody feuds, disillusioned with their experiment<br />
with <strong>de</strong>mocracy and crushed by poverty, want<br />
the same.<br />
Mainstream Iraqi Kurdish parties, meanwhile,<br />
keep waiting for a response from Ankara to their<br />
terms for a bor<strong>de</strong>r security arrangement, which was<br />
proposed after Turkeys's March 20 incursion into<br />
Iraq against the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK)<br />
separatists. But <strong>de</strong>spite its early enthusiasm,<br />
Turkey seems to have a change of heart.<br />
An Iraqi parliamentary <strong>de</strong>legation was given a<br />
red-carp<strong>et</strong> treatment last week and was pointedly<br />
allowed to file an official request against a renewed<br />
mandate for the Western air force based in Incir1ik,<br />
protecting the safe haven for the Iraqi Kurds un<strong>de</strong>r<br />
Operation Provi<strong>de</strong> Comfort. The mandate of the<br />
torce expires at the end of the month and there is a<br />
growing opposition in the Par1iamentto extend the<br />
stay of the alien warplanes although the military has<br />
sought an exten<strong>de</strong>d mandate. The TON survey,<br />
based on interviews with 2,000 people in the main<br />
cities and published on Monday, June 12, showed<br />
that 36.03 percent of the people want northem Iraq<br />
to be given back to Iraqi control in response to a<br />
question over what Turkey should do in the area to<br />
maintain its security.<br />
Those who wanted northern Iraq to be controlled<br />
by Turkey were also numerous, making up 34.68<br />
percent of the sample. The poll results were more<br />
pronounced in showing that the Westem planes had<br />
<strong>de</strong>finitely overstayed their welcome. No less than<br />
67.17 percent of the sampled people said -no. when<br />
asked if the Provi<strong>de</strong> Comfort force should remain in<br />
the area. A similarly high percentage of the Turks<br />
did not have any security worries regarding Iraq.<br />
Asked if they consi<strong>de</strong>red Saddam Hussein as a<br />
threat to Turkey, 66.22 percent of the sample<br />
replied in the negative.<br />
Strangely, the feeling does not seem to be very<br />
different among the Iraqi Kurds, according to<br />
Hussein Sinjari, a former ai<strong>de</strong> of Jalal Talabani, the<br />
lea<strong>de</strong>r of the Patriötic Union of Kurdistan and once<br />
a prominent figure in the Kurds' regional government,<br />
although the PUK has disputed his contentions<br />
that he was a foun<strong>de</strong>r of the party and that<br />
he held ministerial rank in the govemment.<br />
In an exclusive interview with the TON, published<br />
on Tuesday, June 13, Sinjari said the Iraqi Kurds<br />
longed for a s<strong>et</strong>tlement with Baghdad and that if a<br />
referendum were held right now, an overwhelming<br />
majority would support it. -I challenge anyone who<br />
is saying otherwise to come to Iraqi Kurdistan and<br />
conduct a poll, an epinion poll in Oohuk, Erbil and<br />
Sulaymaniyah," Sinjari told the TON.<br />
A main reason for the Kurds' longing for -a b<strong>et</strong>ter<br />
life instead of slogans" was their diminished respect<br />
and loyalty to their traditional lea<strong>de</strong>rs - Talabani<br />
and his mo<strong>de</strong>rate rival, Massoud Barzani who<br />
heads the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KOP)-<br />
because of their unending power struggle and selfishness.<br />
Sinjari also said the <strong>de</strong>mocratic institutions<br />
such as the local parliament and the regional government<br />
were discredited in the eyes of the people<br />
because of impotence and wi<strong>de</strong>spread corruption<br />
afflicting officialdom.<br />
According to Sinjari, a Western-trained international<br />
relations expert and the London representative<br />
of the regional government, the Iraqi Kurdish<br />
lea<strong>de</strong>rs proved themselves to be divi<strong>de</strong>rs instead of<br />
uniting the people and squan<strong>de</strong>red the meager<br />
income of the entity to arm their private militias. He<br />
said he, and most Iraqi Kurds, first of all consi<strong>de</strong>red<br />
themselves citizens of Iraq and held the interests of<br />
the Iraqi state over those of the West.<br />
But he sought international guarantees, preferably<br />
from the West, for the accord he wanted with<br />
Baghdad. He said it was essential for a third party<br />
to take part in the talks with the Iraqi government for<br />
a negotiated s<strong>et</strong>tlement which, he said, should have<br />
the additional guarantee of being recor<strong>de</strong>d by the<br />
United Nations. .<br />
He said Britain, which played a major role in<br />
Iraq's in<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nce in the past, had close historic<br />
and cultural relations and on top of that was a<br />
-mother" for the Kurdish safe haven in the north,<br />
was i<strong>de</strong>ally suited for such a role. If Britain was not<br />
accepted, France, Russia, the Iraqi National<br />
Congress (INC) ~n umbrella organization for the<br />
Jraqi and Kurdish opposition groups- or the MCC,<br />
the Zakho-based Military Coordination Center<br />
grouping a score of Western military personnel<br />
monitoring the Gulf War cease-fire terms, could be<br />
other candidates for the role, Sinjari said. As for<br />
Turkey, he said it could playa role as monitor within<br />
the MCC, and could advise the Iraqi officials on a<br />
<strong>de</strong>mocratic solution for the Kurdish issue.<br />
Beyond the presence of an agreed third party in<br />
the negotiations, the Kurdish official said a s<strong>et</strong> of<br />
confi<strong>de</strong>nce-building measures had to be implemented<br />
to help remove the <strong>de</strong>ep-rooted distrust b<strong>et</strong>ween<br />
Baghdad and the Kurds. Topping the list for such<br />
measures should be a commitment by Baghdad not<br />
to send its troops back into the north before the<br />
157
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REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA<br />
STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
10., .' Turkish Probe June 16,1995<br />
The Saga of Ministerial Name-Calling<br />
Nazlan Ertan<br />
. nkara's best known line vis-a-vis the<br />
~ European Parliament is that this body,<br />
~ own as the "conscience. of the European<br />
Union, should not link ratification of a customs<br />
union with Turkey to "other issues:<br />
, "Turkey is fulfilling its obligations (on technical<br />
harmonization and <strong>de</strong>mocratization). Bringing up<br />
other issues would not benefit either of the si<strong>de</strong>s,.<br />
the Foreign Ministry's new spokesman Omer Akbel<br />
said after a European Parliament resolution linking<br />
the Euro-Parliament ratification of the lucrative<br />
tra<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>al with the release of jailed Kurdish<br />
<strong>de</strong>puties.<br />
But for the past week, the ties b<strong>et</strong>ween Turkey<br />
and the European Parliament have been strained<br />
due to the strangest "other issue. ever. Turkey's<br />
tentative image was tarnished consi<strong>de</strong>rably when<br />
State Minister Ayvaz Gôk<strong>de</strong>mir was quoted as calling<br />
three female European <strong>de</strong>puties "prostitutes: "If<br />
someone wanted to mastermind a way to create<br />
antagonism b<strong>et</strong>ween Turkey and the European<br />
Parliament, they could not have come up with a<br />
b<strong>et</strong>ter plan,. a Turkish diplomat said a day after<br />
headlines splashed across Turkish newspapers<br />
voiced the outrage of three Euro-MPs against State<br />
Minister Ayvaz Gôk<strong>de</strong>mir. Theever-blun<strong>de</strong>ring<br />
Gôk<strong>de</strong>mir had reportedly called three key figures in<br />
the European Parliament, who had visited Turkey<br />
last month, "European prostitutes of dubious<br />
intent.. .<br />
"We willnot release jailedinfi<strong>de</strong>ls (of the<br />
Democracy Party) because European prostitutes of<br />
dubious intEmtwant us to do so. May God save us,<br />
and the nation, from the coalition partner we have'.'<br />
Gôk<strong>de</strong>mir told a True Path me<strong>et</strong>ing in Kilis a day<br />
before the elections.<br />
According to journalists on the scene, he used<br />
the word "slur rather than prostitute, but the newspaper<br />
reports toned down his vulgarity.<br />
~His words were echoed in Brussels and the<br />
storm broke four days later, prior to a dinner<br />
Foreign Minister Erdal Inônü planned to host in<br />
Brussels. The three Euro-MPs, Catherine<br />
Lalumiere of France, Claudia Roth of Germany and<br />
Pauline Green of Britain, protested at the remarks<br />
by not attending the dinner party.<br />
In a l<strong>et</strong>ter to Prime Minister Tansu Çiller, Turkey's<br />
first female prime minister who is not exactly known<br />
for her sensitivity on women's issues, they requested<br />
her to "distance herself from the remarks of<br />
Gôk<strong>de</strong>mir" and asked for a personal apology from<br />
the minister.<br />
Çiller did write a l<strong>et</strong>ter of apology, saying that she<br />
could not imagine how "one of her ministers. could<br />
make such a remark. "If he has said this,. said<br />
Çiller's l<strong>et</strong>ter addressed to the MPs and the head of<br />
the European Parliament, "his remarks do ,not<br />
reflect the view of myself nor my government. I<br />
<strong>de</strong>tach myself from them: Çiller ad<strong>de</strong>d that she<br />
regr<strong>et</strong>ted the <strong>de</strong>velopments, but, perhaps due to<br />
her awareness of Gôk<strong>de</strong>mir's political weight, carefully<br />
refrained from con<strong>de</strong>mning the remark.<br />
Gôk<strong>de</strong>mir, for his part, ma<strong>de</strong> one conflicting remark<br />
after another: He told conservative daily Türkiye's<br />
Sabahattin Onkibar that he had "never ma<strong>de</strong> those<br />
remarks. and the claim that he had would "only<br />
serve the interests of the PKK and Greek lobbies:<br />
"If they tell me I have said it, I am not someone to<br />
disclaim that,. he told Hürriy<strong>et</strong>. He ad<strong>de</strong>d, in<br />
remarks quoted in various newspapers, "This is not<br />
a serious insult. It is just a statement that reflects<br />
the.sensitivity of the people who do not want to see<br />
their country divi<strong>de</strong>d:<br />
Then, he ad<strong>de</strong>d as a finishing touch: "I do not<br />
know wh<strong>et</strong>her they are prostitutes or not. I am not<br />
keeping track of who is... playing around with whom<br />
in European circles:<br />
Finally, he ma<strong>de</strong> a halfheartedapology to the<br />
female <strong>de</strong>puties: "I have learned withregr<strong>et</strong> that<br />
some of the newspaper accounts of the remarks I<br />
have ma<strong>de</strong> in response to a citizen's question in<br />
Kilis have created some touchiness,. he said. "If it<br />
will make up for their taking offense due to this<br />
misun<strong>de</strong>rstanding, I apologize:<br />
The apology, such as it was, failed to end the<br />
controversy. German Green Claudia Roth said she<br />
inten<strong>de</strong>d to sue the minister, and Pauline Green,<br />
the chairman of the largest group in the European<br />
Parliament, complained that no action had been<br />
taken against Gôk<strong>de</strong>mir by Çiller.<br />
"I must stress that this man is a minister in government<br />
in Turkey,. Green told a separate news<br />
conference.<br />
"This <strong>de</strong>monstrates ...the distance that Turkey<br />
has to travel to the same <strong>de</strong>mocratic conditions and<br />
values as in the European Union...That's why we in<br />
the European Parliament are cautious until they<br />
<strong>de</strong>monstrate the same <strong>de</strong>mocratic conditions and<br />
values as we do,. she said.<br />
"From a point of view of g<strong>et</strong>ting votes it's not useful<br />
if three party lea<strong>de</strong>rs are <strong>de</strong>scribed in this way,.<br />
Claudia Roth told a news conference.<br />
Despite the initial outrage expressed in the media<br />
toward the minister, the sensitivity appears to have<br />
died down. Reliable sources say that Gôk<strong>de</strong>mir will<br />
not maintain his post in a Cabin<strong>et</strong> reshuffle (and in<br />
a few months, Ayvaz, pronounced "I was. will<br />
become a "he was:)<br />
However, there are politicians and journalists<br />
who support him, on the grounds that he either did<br />
not make the remark or he was right to make the<br />
remark.<br />
Sabahattin Onkibar, a columnist of Turkiye,<br />
<strong>de</strong>scribed the minister as a "symbol of honor" and<br />
'/,<br />
158
REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ~RNISTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZETÎ<br />
Turkish Probe June 16,1995<br />
11<br />
ad<strong>de</strong>d: "Even if he, due to his straightforward<br />
Anatolian nature has ma<strong>de</strong> some blun<strong>de</strong>r - which<br />
we really do not think he did - then this should<br />
have been overlooked."<br />
Önkibar then con<strong>de</strong>mned the blindly pro-<br />
European ten<strong>de</strong>ncies of the Foreign Ministry, making<br />
Turkish outrage sound as if it were an attempt to<br />
"appease" the European Parliament.<br />
A journalist from a private TV channel reported<br />
that scores of faxes in support of Gök<strong>de</strong>mir's<br />
remarks were transmitted to their offices in Ankara<br />
and Istanbul.<br />
The strangest statement came from Kenan<br />
Evren, the seventh presi<strong>de</strong>nt of Turkey. "If it was<br />
my time I would have dismissed him," said Evren,<br />
now happily r<strong>et</strong>ired in Marmaris. "What an undiplomatic<br />
remark - he should have found another<br />
word. In fact, you cannot call a prostitute a 'prostitute'<br />
because it is a felony."<br />
The state ministry responsible for the rights of<br />
women kept a low profile, but female members of<br />
the Republican People's Party (CHP), the junior<br />
coalition partner of the Gök<strong>de</strong>mir's True Path, also<br />
launched their own protest.<br />
"His remarks have not only offen<strong>de</strong>d us, the<br />
women of CHP, but all Turkish women," a statement<br />
said. "Gök<strong>de</strong>mir should apologize to the three<br />
female <strong>de</strong>puties and respectfully salute those intelligent<br />
and mo<strong>de</strong>rn <strong>de</strong>puties who are the pri<strong>de</strong> of<br />
Europe."<br />
A bitter statement came from I~IIÖzgentürk, a<br />
movie director. "I've known Ayvaz Gök<strong>de</strong>mir for a<br />
long time. His words show that he does not un<strong>de</strong>rstand<br />
<strong>de</strong>mocracy. I am sure that many of those who<br />
occupy the same seats in Parliament are also capable<br />
of using such words. n •<br />
Who said What:<br />
"I do not know wh<strong>et</strong>her they are prostitutes or<br />
not. I am not keeping track of who is... playing<br />
around with whom in European circles."<br />
Ayvaz Gök<strong>de</strong>mir, State Minister<br />
"If he (Gök<strong>de</strong>mir) has said this ... his<br />
remarks do not reflect the view of myself nor<br />
my government. I <strong>de</strong>tach myself from them.<br />
Tansu Çiller, Prime Minister<br />
"Even if Gök<strong>de</strong>mir, due to his straightforward<br />
Anatolian nature has ma<strong>de</strong> some blun<strong>de</strong>r -<br />
which we really do not think he did - then this<br />
should have been overlooked."<br />
Sabahattin Önkibar, Türkiye columnist<br />
"What an undiplomatic remark - he<br />
should have found another word. In fact, you<br />
cannot call a prostitute a 'prostitute' because<br />
it is a felony." Kenan Evren, ex-presi<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
"This <strong>de</strong>monstrates ...the distance that Turkey<br />
has to travel to the same <strong>de</strong>mocratic conditions<br />
and values as in the European Union ...That's<br />
why we in the European Parliament are cautious<br />
until they <strong>de</strong>monstrate the same <strong>de</strong>mocratic<br />
conditions and values as we do."<br />
Pauline Green, head of the European<br />
Parliament socialists group<br />
"I am sure that many of those who occupy the<br />
same seats in Parliament are also capable of<br />
using such words." l$tI Özgentürk, film director<br />
159
REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ~RIVISTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZETi<br />
16<br />
Turkish Probe June 16,1995<br />
Diplomatic Briefcase<br />
FM Inönü: Terrorism<br />
Ras Delayed Reforms<br />
Foreign Minister Erdal Inönü was quoted last<br />
week as saying that separatist terrorism against the<br />
Turkish state has caused a <strong>de</strong>lay in governmentplanned<br />
<strong>de</strong>mocratization reforms. In an interview<br />
with the Brussels-based daily France. Soir, Inönü<br />
said Turkey was <strong>de</strong>termined nevertheless to realize<br />
the reforms, adding he believed major steps would<br />
be taken before the end of June. Turkey and the<br />
European Union agreed in princ:iple in March for<br />
Ankara's planned customs union with the EU next<br />
year. But the European Parliament, the body which<br />
will make a final <strong>de</strong>cision on the issue, urges<br />
Turkey to <strong>de</strong>mocratize its regime first. Inönü also<br />
said Turkey was using military m<strong>et</strong>hods only<br />
against the outlawed Kurdistan Workers' Party, or<br />
PKK, and not targ<strong>et</strong>ing civilians in the country's<br />
troubled Southeast where the PKK has been wag-<br />
.ing a separatist war.<br />
Armeniato Open<br />
Damaged Nuclear<br />
Plant<br />
Risking a major human and environmental disaster,<br />
according to experts, Armenia is said to be<br />
going ahead with plans to open the M<strong>et</strong>samor<br />
nuclear power plant, which was seriously damaged<br />
in an earthquake in 1988 and which is near that<br />
country's bor<strong>de</strong>r with Turkey. Reporting from<br />
Moscow on Tuesday, the Anatolia news agency<br />
said that Russian Prime Minister Viktor<br />
Chernomyrdin would attend the opening ceremony<br />
planned for June 19. Turkey has opposed the opening<br />
of the plant, saying it is a saf<strong>et</strong>y hazard.<br />
Ankara's position was conveyed to Armenian<br />
Foreign Minister Vahan Papazyan two months ago<br />
in Athens by Foreign Minister Erdal Inönü during a<br />
Black Sea Economic Cooperation summit. Inönü, a<br />
nuclear physicist, told reporters in Athens that<br />
Yerevan could not operate the nuclear power plant<br />
without the permission of the Vienna-based<br />
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). The<br />
plant itself lies on a fault line and is only 10 kilom<strong>et</strong>ers<br />
from Turkey. The 1988 earthquake, which seriously<br />
damaged the plant, also killed an estimated<br />
55,000 people in Armenia. Western countries<br />
approached by Yerevan for help to reopen the plant<br />
have refused all assistance.<br />
Greek Cyprus Said To<br />
Be 'On Course' for EU'<br />
Greek Cyprus and Malta signed agreements on<br />
Monday to help them prepare to be in the next<br />
batch of countries to join the European Union when<br />
it next opens its doors to new members.<br />
Negotiations are s<strong>et</strong> to start six months after the<br />
end of a review of EU treaties, which is due to<br />
begin next year, but could last for several months,<br />
Reuters said. Greek Cypriot Foreign Affairs Minister<br />
Alecos Michaeli<strong>de</strong>s and his Maltese counterpart<br />
Professor Guido <strong>de</strong> Marco signed accords for 74<br />
million European currency units (ECUS) ($96 million)<br />
and 45 million ECUS ($58.5 million), respectively,<br />
in loans and grants. The two ministers hailed<br />
the commitment to a firm date for the start of talks<br />
- even if the division of Cyprus into Turkish and<br />
Greek Cypriot sectors has not been resolved.<br />
"Today's agreements are a milestone in efforts for<br />
Cyprus joining the community," Michaeli<strong>de</strong>s told a<br />
news conference. Turkish Cypriot officials say the<br />
Greek Cypriot application to join the EU cannot be<br />
on behalf of the island and therefore reject the<br />
application. They say they are also opposed to<br />
Cyprus joining the EU before Turkey does .<br />
Michaeli<strong>de</strong>s said he hoped the <strong>de</strong>cision would give<br />
imp<strong>et</strong>us to finding a solution to the Cyprus issue.<br />
"Our responsibility is not to analyze the past, but to<br />
build the future... We are thrilled, excited and committed<br />
to this process," Michaeli<strong>de</strong>s ad<strong>de</strong>d.<br />
Deported Amnesty Official<br />
CIJII;msHe Was Denied Bights<br />
Amnesty International representative Helmut<br />
Oberdiek, who was <strong>de</strong>ported from Turkey last week<br />
un<strong>de</strong>r an or<strong>de</strong>r issued by the Interior Ministry,<br />
claimed once back in Germany that he was <strong>de</strong>nied<br />
a lawyer and the right to make a telephone call during<br />
his <strong>de</strong>tention in Adana. Talking to the Turkish<br />
Daily News from Germany by telephone, Oberdiek<br />
said he was taken away by three plainclothes<br />
policemen from his hotel room in Adana to be interrogated<br />
.."They did not say I was being <strong>de</strong>tained.<br />
(They just said 'you have to come with us.' Then<br />
they took me to the police <strong>de</strong>partment <strong>de</strong>aling with<br />
aliens," Oberdiek said. "There they told me that it<br />
was illegal for me to enter Turkey and I asked them<br />
which authority had ma<strong>de</strong> this <strong>de</strong>cision. They did<br />
not want to tell me at first but later said it was the<br />
Ministry of the Interior," he ad<strong>de</strong>d. "I was just ma<strong>de</strong><br />
to wait in a room and was later taken to the <strong>de</strong>partment<br />
<strong>de</strong>aling with terrorism. For eight hours we<br />
argued with the policemen there. In other words. it<br />
was not like being questioned. But they held me<br />
responsible for all the mistakes ma<strong>de</strong> by European<br />
governments," Oberdiek said. He ad<strong>de</strong>d that his<br />
personal belongings had been gone through separately<br />
by every policeman there, saying these<br />
inclu<strong>de</strong>d his notes. "My real concern is that those<br />
whose names are in my notes may be in some way<br />
threatened," he said.<br />
160
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
18 Turkish Probe June 16,1995<br />
Human Rights Diary<br />
Deported AI official claims he was <strong>de</strong>nied right to legal counsel:<br />
Amnesty International representative Helmut Oberdiek, who<br />
was <strong>de</strong>ported from Turkey earlier last week un<strong>de</strong>r an or<strong>de</strong>r issued by<br />
the Interior Ministry, claimed on June 9 that he was <strong>de</strong>nied a lawyer and<br />
the right to make a telephone call during his <strong>de</strong>tention in Adana on June 5.<br />
Talking to the Turkish Daily News from Germany by telephone Oberdiek, said he<br />
was taken away by three plainclothes policemen from his hotel room in Adana .to be<br />
interrogated. "They did not say I was being <strong>de</strong>tained. They just said 'you have to come<br />
with us.' Then they took me to the police <strong>de</strong>partment <strong>de</strong>aling with aliens," Oberdiek said,<br />
continuing: "There they told me that it was illegal for me to enter Turkey and I asked them<br />
which authority had ma<strong>de</strong> this <strong>de</strong>cision. They did not want to tell me at first but later said it was<br />
the Ministry of the Interior." Indicating that he received privileged treatment while in <strong>de</strong>tention,<br />
Oberdiek said he was not put into prison. "I was just ma<strong>de</strong> to wait in a room and later taken to the<br />
<strong>de</strong>partment <strong>de</strong>aling with terrorism. For eight hours we argued with the policemen there. In other words it<br />
was not like a questioning. But they held me responsible for all the mistakes ma<strong>de</strong> by European governments,"<br />
Oberdiek said. He ad<strong>de</strong>d that his personal belongings had been gone through separately by every<br />
policeman there, saying these inclu<strong>de</strong>d his notes. "My real concern is that those whose names are in my<br />
notes may be un<strong>de</strong>r some threat," he said. (Turkish Daily News, June 10)<br />
Acquittal of rights actMsts endorsed by Court of Appeals: The Appeals Court upheld a ruling by the Ankara<br />
State Security Court (OGM) to acquit the administrators of the Turkish Human Rights Foundation (TIHV) and<br />
the Human Rights Association (IHO) of charges of engaging in separatist propaganda. TIHV Presi<strong>de</strong>nt Yavuz<br />
Önen, executive board member Fevzi Argün, IHO head Akin Birdal, IHO General Secr<strong>et</strong>ary Hüsnü Öndül, and<br />
executive board members Sedat A.slanta~ and Erol Anar had all faced two to five years in prison had they<br />
been convicted by the court. Yavuz Önen and Fevzi Argün were charged with disseminating separatist propaganda<br />
in their book, ''The Torture Case," which <strong>de</strong>als extensively with the situation in Turkey's Southeast<br />
where security forces are combatting Kurdish separatist terrorism. Akin Birdal, Hüsnü Öndül, Sedat Aslanta~<br />
and Erol Anar where being tried separately for a book published by the IHO entitled "A Cross-section of<br />
Burned Villages," which again <strong>de</strong>als extensively with the situation in the Southeast. Both the TIHV and IHO<br />
administrators had been acquitted last January of the charges brought against them by the OGM prosecutor.<br />
The outcome of the trial and its endorsement by the Appeals Court is consi<strong>de</strong>red a landmark <strong>de</strong>velopment in<br />
Turkey's difficult struggle to secure full freedom of expression, analysts say, pointing out that an important<br />
legal prece<strong>de</strong>nt has thus been s<strong>et</strong>. (Turkish Daily News, June 13)<br />
Justice Minister 'ashamed' of Article 8: Justice Minister Mehm<strong>et</strong> MoQultay, speaking to the press<br />
upon arrival from the International Labor Organization (ILO) me<strong>et</strong>ing in Geneva. said that Article 8 of the<br />
Anti-Terrorism Law was "Turkey's shame." "An article foreseeing the restriction of thought is<br />
unconstitutional and Turkey should not continue holding on to such laws for much longer," the<br />
Anatolia news agency reported MoQultay saying. He went on to say that if Turkey lifted the article limiting<br />
freedom of thought "the country would neither end up being divi<strong>de</strong>d nor be 'saved'like some people believe,"<br />
and ad<strong>de</strong>d "it will only take us a step further toward <strong>de</strong>mocracy." MoQultay conclu<strong>de</strong>d by pointing out that the<br />
article "had to be cleared out of the way" in or<strong>de</strong>r to start "concentrating" on solutions to other problems in<br />
Turkey. (Turkish Daily News. June 13)<br />
.'<br />
Tur1dsh German <strong>de</strong>puty makes protest speech in Istanbul: Cem ÖZ<strong>de</strong>mir, the <strong>et</strong>hnic Turkish Greens <strong>de</strong>puty<br />
in the German Parliament, on June 12 contributed his signature to a controversial book, expressing his solidarity<br />
with its prosecuted authors. Signing the book entitled "Freedom of Thought and Turkey," in front of<br />
the State Security Court in Istanbul, where the contributing artists and aca<strong>de</strong>mics are on trial, Öz<strong>de</strong>mir<br />
quipped he had "never committed a crime so easily in all my years in politics." Oz<strong>de</strong>mir also<br />
slammed the govemment policies which he said werelimiting politicalliberties. Addressing a<br />
news conference later at the Foreign Press Center, Öz<strong>de</strong>mir said Turkey should enter not<br />
only the customs union but the European Union as well, and for that it "had to become<br />
and will become European in the respect of <strong>de</strong>mocracy and human rights." Noting<br />
that the East and West were compl<strong>et</strong>ing the process of unification and the Eastern<br />
European countries had already entered the Western European mark<strong>et</strong>,<br />
Öz<strong>de</strong>mir said the Turks living abroad would playa key role in the country's<br />
integration with Europe. "Turkey should not l<strong>et</strong> this chance slip. If it<br />
does, it may never find it again," warned the outspoken Greens<br />
<strong>de</strong>puty. (Turkish Daily News. June 13)<br />
161
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTASTAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETÏ<br />
FRS0503 3 l 0514 JOR /AFP~Q~58<br />
Irak prév<br />
Guerre ouverte entre une <strong>de</strong>s plus gran<strong>de</strong>s tribus irakiennes <strong>et</strong> le<br />
régime<br />
Par Randa HABIB<br />
AMMAN, 16 juin (AFP) - Une <strong>de</strong>s plus gran<strong>de</strong>s tribus connues pour sa<br />
loyauté au prési<strong>de</strong>nt irakien Saddam Hussein a déclaré une guerre ouverte à<br />
son régime qui, bien qu'ayant maté l'insurrection <strong>de</strong> mercredi, voit sa base<br />
se réduire dangereusement.<br />
La tribu <strong>de</strong>s Doulaïmi, dont un <strong>de</strong>s membres a mené une insurrection<br />
avortée à Abou Gharib, aux portes <strong>de</strong> Bagdad, a affirmé que l'opération<br />
n'était qu'un "avertissement.". "Il Y aura d'autres émeutes <strong>et</strong> d'autres<br />
insurrections jusqu'à l'anéantissement du régime", a affirmé à l'AFP un<br />
membre important <strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong>te famille.<br />
Les Doulaïmi, dont l'influence s'étend tout le long <strong>de</strong> l'Euphrate, <strong>de</strong><br />
l'ouest <strong>de</strong> Bagdad jusqu'aux frontières avec la Syrie, la Jordanie <strong>et</strong><br />
l'Arabie saoudite, forment la plus puissante tribu d'Irak si l'on prend en<br />
considération les gran<strong>de</strong>s familles, notamment les Hadithi qui s'y<br />
rattachent, indiquent <strong>de</strong>s experts <strong>de</strong> l'Irak.<br />
Lors <strong>de</strong>s soulèvements chiite <strong>et</strong> kur<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> 1991, au len<strong>de</strong>main <strong>de</strong> la guerre<br />
du Golfe, le pouvoir <strong>de</strong> Saddam Hussein n'a pas été affecté, en partie grâce<br />
au soutien <strong>de</strong>s Doulaïmi.<br />
Les sanglantes émeutes qui ont éclaté le 18 mai <strong>de</strong>rnier à Ramadi,<br />
chef-lieu du gouvernorat d'Anbar <strong>et</strong> fief <strong>de</strong>s Doulaïmi à l'ouest <strong>de</strong> Bagdad,<br />
ont été déclenchées en réaction au renvoi du corps atrocement mutilé du<br />
général Mohammad Mazloum al-Doulaïmi. Arrété en novembre 1994 pour complot,<br />
celui-ci avait été exécuté malgré la promesse donnée par le prési<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
Saddam Hussein à sa famille <strong>de</strong> le gracier.<br />
La réaction <strong>de</strong>s Doulaïmi qui 'se sont sentis trahis, n'a pas tardé. "Ce<br />
sont <strong>de</strong>s bédouins, ils ne pardonneront pas <strong>et</strong> lutteront jusqu'à la<br />
vengeance", a affirmé un expert <strong>de</strong> l'Irak.<br />
En s'aliénant ainsi un <strong>de</strong>s plus importants bastions du régime, c'est la<br />
loyauté <strong>de</strong> ses proches que le prési<strong>de</strong>nt irakien est en train <strong>de</strong> perdre,<br />
estime c<strong>et</strong> expert. .<br />
Selon lui, l'opposition, jusqu'à ce jour, n'était représentée que par<br />
<strong>de</strong>s groupes chiite <strong>et</strong> kur<strong>de</strong>, traditionnellement ennemis d'un lea<strong>de</strong>rship<br />
sunnite à Bagdad. .<br />
Un membre influent <strong>de</strong>s Doulaïmi a affirmé vendredi à l'AFP que sa tribu<br />
n'avait aucun lien avec l'opposition chiite <strong>et</strong> kur<strong>de</strong>. "Les communiqués qui<br />
sortent <strong>de</strong> Damas, Téhéran ou Londres sur l'insurrection <strong>de</strong> mercredi n'ont<br />
aucune valeur. Nous avons notre propre stratégie sur le sol irakien <strong>et</strong> nous<br />
ferons payer cher à Saddam Hussein sa trahison", a-t-il déclaré.<br />
Nombre <strong>de</strong> membres <strong>de</strong> l'armée <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s services <strong>de</strong> renseignements irakiens<br />
appartiennent à .la tribu <strong>de</strong>s Doulaïmi, indiquent les experts <strong>de</strong> l'Irak •<br />
.Malgré la guerre ouverte déclarée par c<strong>et</strong>te communauté, .Saddam Hussein ne<br />
peut limoger tous les Doulaïmi sans affecter son armée.<br />
Le prési<strong>de</strong>nt irakien s'est déjà aliéné la gràn<strong>de</strong> tribu <strong>de</strong>s Joubouri <strong>de</strong><br />
Mossoul (nord), lors d'inci<strong>de</strong>nts avec les services <strong>de</strong> renseignements en<br />
'octobre <strong>de</strong>rnier. Un officier supérieur <strong>de</strong> la gran<strong>de</strong> famille <strong>de</strong> Samarra<br />
(nord), le général Wafik ~amarraï, a fait défection en décembre 1994.<br />
RH/jeb/jag<br />
AFP /J00245/161434 JON 95<br />
.AgenceFrancePresse - HP .AgenceFrancsPresse - Ar P .AgenceFrancePresse - A [.:P . AgencEFfâHcsPresse - AH. AgencsFfâDcePresse - A FP .AgenceFrancePresse - MP .<br />
162
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETÎ<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
FRIDAY. JUNE 16. ]995<br />
Turkey could free some<br />
Kurdish MPs after report<br />
Turkey's ties with the European parliament<br />
tensed further last week when<br />
nationalist minister Ayvaz Gök<strong>de</strong>mirwas<br />
quoted as <strong>de</strong>scribing as "prostitutes" three<br />
Yazar: 'If the Court of<br />
Appeals acts on the chief<br />
prosecutorsinterpr<strong>et</strong>ation<br />
...(<strong>de</strong>puties) Türk,<br />
Yurtta~and Dogan,have<br />
a chance of being freed'<br />
By Hldlf Gökta~<br />
Reuter<br />
ANKARA. A senior Turkish prosecutor's<br />
office said on Wednesday three<br />
Kurdish MPs jailed for "separatism" were<br />
.im~roperly charged, paving the way for<br />
"theirpossible release, one of their lawyers<br />
said.<br />
.... If the Court of Appeals acts on the<br />
chief prosecutor' s Interpr<strong>et</strong>ation ...<br />
(<strong>de</strong>puties) Ahm<strong>et</strong> Türk, Sedat Yurtta~ and<br />
Orhan Dogan, have a chance. of being<br />
freed," Fendun Yazar, a lawyer for the<br />
MPs, told Reuters.<br />
Türk and Do~an are serving 15 year<br />
jail terms, while Yurtta~ is serving 7 1/2<br />
years. .<br />
The arrest and conviction in December<br />
of ei$ht Kurdish MPs on charges of com~<br />
pliclt}' with the outlawed Kurdistan<br />
Workers Party (PKK), has un<strong>de</strong>rmined<br />
Ankara's ties with the West and cast .a<br />
cloud over its bid for a customs accord<br />
with the EU. The prosecutor's report rec.<br />
ommen<strong>de</strong>d that threeother jailed Kurdish<br />
<strong>de</strong>puties - Leyla lana, Hatip Dicle and<br />
Selim Sadak - serve out their I5-year<br />
sentences.<br />
Two other <strong>de</strong>puties were freed for time.<br />
already served when the trial en<strong>de</strong>d in<br />
'December.<br />
"That the report conflicts (with the<br />
original charges) ... shows the political<br />
nature of the case," Yazar said. "All the<br />
accused have the same status. They<br />
should all be released."<br />
A copy of the report, carried on the private<br />
National Press Agency (UBA), said<br />
Ahm<strong>et</strong>Türk<br />
Türk and Yùrtta~ should have been tried<br />
for "separatist propaganda" un<strong>de</strong>r article<br />
8 of Turkey's notonous anti-terror law<br />
and Dobn for having given help to the<br />
PKK. Both charges carry lesser jail<br />
terms.<br />
The European parliament, a critic of<br />
Turkey's human rights record which is<br />
due to vote on Turkey's customs union<br />
with the.EU in October,says the approval<br />
hinges;dn..the release of the <strong>de</strong>puties ..<br />
'''Turkey wants customs union and<br />
membership of the European Union,"<br />
Yazar said. "It has become clear that it<br />
will not be admitted unless it conforms to<br />
EP (European parliament) conditions."<br />
The government, struggling to liberalize<br />
Turkey's post-military coup constitution<br />
as a first step towards greater <strong>de</strong>mocracy,<br />
says it cannot influence the judiciary.<br />
Article 8, which has caused scores of<br />
writers, intellectuals and unionists to be<br />
jailed for speeches and writings, is also a<br />
sore point with the European parliament,<br />
which would like to see it scrapped.<br />
Orhan DoOan<br />
SedalYumali<br />
woman Euro-MPs who asked for the<br />
release of the six <strong>de</strong>puties.<br />
Wednesday's report by Turkey's court<br />
of appeals chief prosecutor's office must<br />
be approved by the "ninth <strong>de</strong>partment". a<br />
body of nine people <strong>de</strong>aling with appeals<br />
of terror convictions.<br />
No date has been s<strong>et</strong> for the body to<br />
review the report, but the ninth <strong>de</strong>partment<br />
usually approves such recommendations.<br />
163
.Professor B~kaya reflects on 20 months<br />
In<br />
•<br />
prIson<br />
•<br />
Ba~kaya~whom we<br />
interviewed at his<br />
apartment, said, 'If<br />
their aim had been to<br />
stop the 'people.from<br />
learning'myopinions,<br />
my punishment has<br />
been a'compl<strong>et</strong>e fiasco'<br />
Sinan Yllmaz<br />
Turkish Daily News I<br />
ANKARA- Professor Fikr<strong>et</strong> Ba~kaya<br />
.was not a very well-known man: Those<br />
who knew him were mostly the stu<strong>de</strong>nts<br />
:of tzz<strong>et</strong> Baysal University, where<br />
B~kaya is alecturer, and those who read<br />
his books.<br />
. B~kaya frrst attfclctedattention after he<br />
started writing in Öz~ Gün<strong>de</strong>m newspaper.<br />
Later, his book 'The Collapse of the<br />
Paradigm" was published. The book, in<br />
w~1ichBa~kaya argued that the official<br />
line which had been put forward until<br />
today had no validity, attracted the attention<br />
of book lovers. However, it must<br />
have attracted the attention of somebody<br />
else as well because a l<strong>et</strong>ter was sent to<br />
B~kaya by the Prosecutor's Office, saying<br />
" since we will ask for your state.<br />
ment we eX{lectyou to be present at the<br />
Prosecutors's Office ..."<br />
B~kaya did not turn down the invitation<br />
and went tothe.prosecutor's 9ffice. A<br />
tile had been opened against him on<br />
charges of disseniin~ting separatist prop~-<br />
. ganda un<strong>de</strong>r ArtIcle' 8 of the AntI-<br />
. Terrorism Law. In other words, he had<br />
supported "separatism" as many other<br />
"CrIminals of thought" have done.<br />
B~kaya was fRed, found guilty and sentenced<br />
to 20 months in pnson and fined<br />
TL 41 million. He began his jail sentence<br />
on March 17, 1994, In Haymana Prison.<br />
At the same time Ba~kaya's book was<br />
being sold everywhere. He was, in fact, in<br />
prison because of a -book which was not<br />
banned. As he exrressed it, "They sent<br />
the criminal to jai but did not touch the<br />
source 'of the crime." '.<br />
Five editions of the book were pub-<br />
. lished while B~kaya was in prison. There<br />
. were also an unknown number of illegal<br />
publications. Consequently, Ba~kaya .<br />
nghtly said, "If their aIm was to stop the<br />
JX:Oplef!'Omlearmng my i<strong>de</strong>as, my pun-<br />
Ishment ISa compl<strong>et</strong>e fiasco." . .<br />
Ba~kaya,whom we visited at his apartment<br />
after his release from pris0'l1 on~e<br />
a8~n failed to keep, silent and express~d<br />
his I<strong>de</strong>as bravely. His remarks follow: ..<br />
TDN. I must first say welcome back.<br />
How was your life in prison? Could you<br />
tell us about it?<br />
. BA~KAYA. I didn't havemuch trou- .<br />
ble. I continued to do what I used to do'<br />
before. I was involved in translating,.",:riting<br />
and reading when I was out of JaIl. I<br />
continued to do so in jail. I did not suffer<br />
any material" orpnysiCilI problems.<br />
NeIther did I suffer from loneliness. On<br />
,the contrary, I found the opportunity to<br />
see many people whom I haven't seen for<br />
a long time. Thus, my life was not interrupted<br />
at aiL I can say that they failed to<br />
achieve their objectives by putting me in<br />
jail. They wanted 10 isolate me. r was not<br />
Isolated. They wanted to prevent me from<br />
writing, readIng and producing opinions.<br />
They failed to do so.<br />
TDN- What did you do throughout the<br />
day? . ,<br />
BA~KA YA- For some time I was<br />
inv~l~ed in sp,orts. Later; wc quit .sports, .<br />
claImIng that It was too hot. We listened'<br />
.to news bull<strong>et</strong>ins. I used to write and<br />
translate. I translated two books into<br />
. Turkish. But I hit trouble at the publishing<br />
stage. The printing rights belonged to<br />
a foundation in the United States and they<br />
4sked for a' great <strong>de</strong>al of money. So I<br />
could not g<strong>et</strong> It published.<br />
TDN- What does the outsi<strong>de</strong> world<br />
.look like when you view it fromjail?<br />
BASKA y A- It is important where<br />
look. Éut it is more important from where<br />
you look at it. When you look from jail,<br />
Turkey. 's socioeconomic and politIca. I<br />
geography does not create ahopef~)<br />
u.1<br />
5 .....,<br />
.ProCessor Fikr<strong>et</strong> B~kàya (L) with TDN's Sinan ytlmaz . TJ?N-Cengiz Uysa!<br />
164
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETÎ<br />
scene. l'need to saythis openly. Wêhave<br />
failed to take any steps toward <strong>de</strong>m~tization,<br />
the human rights record and<br />
enlarging the field of freedom. We even<br />
havestepped backwards. We sawall<br />
these easily from prison as weIL The<br />
erup~io~s of racism, th~ ~ncre,ase.~f<br />
nationaliSm, naturaUy;create$, a negaUye<br />
scene.<br />
TON- You have been sentenced to a<br />
prison term of 20 months due to part of<br />
one paragraph. You have served tlie term'<br />
and been released. You had said that the<br />
i<strong>de</strong>as that were mentioned in "The<br />
Collapse of Paradigma" have been conflfffied.<br />
Is this really true?<br />
BA~KA YA- We had a talk with you<br />
before I entered jail. And I told you that if<br />
I were sentenced that would mean that the<br />
state says, "Yes, what you have said was<br />
true." Smce time has passed, it is possible<br />
to claim this in a more open manner. It is<br />
obvious that the paradigma has collapsed<br />
and that this was proven several times.<br />
Buf I need to explain that one paragraph.<br />
A part of the book was about Kurds. The<br />
whole of the book was a criticism of the<br />
official view. I don't think that it is only<br />
related to the book. I was a writ~r of<br />
Özgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m and a foun<strong>de</strong>r of Özgür<br />
Umversity. These things are very i'!1por-<br />
.tant in a country like Turkey, which IS not<br />
a judiciary state nor even a a state of law.<br />
It is neither a judiciary state nor a state of<br />
law, because they even fail to implement<br />
their own legislation.<br />
TON- Then, the state should apologize<br />
to you. You say that your claims have<br />
beèn confIrined.<br />
BA~K~ yA- I insist that my claims<br />
havebeen confirmed. However, such a<br />
thing will not take place in such a system.<br />
I do.n't even expect an apology.<br />
Thus, if those sections of soci<strong>et</strong>y which<br />
need <strong>de</strong>mocracy more than ever do not<br />
push hard for it, the scope of freedom will<br />
never be wi<strong>de</strong>ned. That is why I believe it<br />
is wron~ to assume that there is a direct<br />
correlatIon b<strong>et</strong>ween the legal process and<br />
<strong>de</strong>mocratization. Because, what Ïs also<br />
important is the way in which laws, regulatIOns<br />
are issued. The powers behmd<br />
t.hose laws o.r eills are alsoJmportant.<br />
When we consi<strong>de</strong>r the present Parliament,<br />
the government, we should not be expecting<br />
much from them. The mission of the<br />
members of these formations is to block<br />
the way forward.<br />
. We have to put terms, concepts where<br />
they belong. Democracy? If we look at<br />
this process in this country, we can easily<br />
.see that no step has been taken for 70<br />
years, because there is no tradition of<br />
stru~gling for <strong>de</strong>mocracy in Turkey. The<br />
sectIons of soci<strong>et</strong>y which are really in<br />
need of <strong>de</strong>mocracy do not push hard for<br />
it. When this is the case the authorities -<br />
those in power - always won the argument<br />
ml gave nothing where <strong>de</strong>mocratization<br />
is concerned. Even when they gave<br />
some rights they took them back. For<br />
~ample they drew up a constitution and<br />
then they n.arrowed it down on the<br />
groun4s that It was too much for soci<strong>et</strong>y.<br />
!he,nm the following years they abol-<br />
Ished it as a whole.<br />
If those who earn their living by their<br />
labor.d0 n?t a.t:gue.strong~y and ask for<br />
what IS therrs, It Will be difficult for this<br />
country to attain ,<strong>de</strong>mocratization.<br />
TON- What happened to your application<br />
to the European Human RIghts<br />
Commission?<br />
BA~KA y A- I did apply and the<br />
process continues. I tliink around<br />
November, they'll consi<strong>de</strong>r wh<strong>et</strong>her to<br />
accept my file or not. The Commission<br />
has asked for à Turkish government statement<br />
on the matter.<br />
TDN~ Only a couple 'of dayshave<br />
passed since your release from jail .. How<br />
do you feel being at home? .<br />
BASKAYA- To be honest with you, I'<br />
feellike I have never been in jail. I feel<br />
like I never left my house. I know it is<br />
hard to believe this but.this is how I feel.<br />
As if my wife, Sevinç, did not come to .<br />
visit me 63 times.<br />
'.<br />
. We ~skèd Sevinçßa~kaya, wifeof<br />
Fikr<strong>et</strong> B~kaya, our last questJ.on..<br />
TDN- Row did you survive this experi-,<br />
ence. How did it affect you? .'<br />
. S. BA~KA yA- It .~as very ilifficult at<br />
fust. I felt so sad. Smce we were colleagues<br />
too, we used.to go everywhere<br />
tog<strong>et</strong>her. We spent a great <strong>de</strong>al of our<br />
time tog<strong>et</strong>her.We did not experience<br />
financial difficulties, but physiologically<br />
it was very difficult. I am proud of my<br />
husband. I always felt so. Of course we<br />
were affected very much by the inci<strong>de</strong>nt,.~<br />
however, we are so happy at the moment.'<br />
TON-.! would like to thank you both<br />
y~ry m~ch. I hope you will not be put in<br />
Jad agam.<br />
S-P: BASKAYA-We<br />
thimk you.'<br />
,-------------------------------- --<br />
LE BIEN<br />
PUBLIC<br />
LES DEPECHES<br />
DIMANCHE<br />
18 juin 1995<br />
Droits <strong>de</strong>l/homme?<br />
Ce s0r:tt <strong>de</strong>s pays proches <strong>de</strong><br />
nous, où beaucoup se sont rendus ou<br />
vont se rendre en voyage. Ces touristes<br />
ne verront sans doute pas ce<br />
dont <strong>de</strong>ux livres portent témoignages.<br />
Deux p<strong>et</strong>its livres terribles - terriblement<br />
accusateurs.<br />
"La prison n05" par Mehdl Zena<br />
(129p, 85F, ArI6a).- Qu'il ne fasse<br />
pas bon être kur<strong>de</strong> sous le régime<br />
turc, nul n'en doute, Mais, alors que<br />
les médias occi<strong>de</strong>ntaux se sont très<br />
vite désintéressés <strong>de</strong> l'opération ~e<br />
.police" menée par l'armée turque<br />
dans le sud-est du pays, le témoignage<br />
<strong>de</strong> Mehdi Zana nous donne<br />
toute l'ampleur, toute l'horreur <strong>de</strong> la<br />
répression dont les Kur<strong>de</strong>~ font les<br />
frais. Lea<strong>de</strong>r du mouVl"fi'lent démocratique,<br />
élu maire <strong>de</strong> la principale<br />
ville kur<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Turquie, [?iyarbakir<br />
(plus d'un million <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>mi d'habitants)<br />
il a fait comme une multitu<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> militants<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>s l'obj<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> détentions, <strong>de</strong><br />
tortures, d'humiliations dont le récit<br />
froid, objectif, mesuré qu'il en donne<br />
souligne "abjecte férocité.<br />
Aujourdhui, alors que la Turquie.<br />
membre <strong>de</strong> l'OTAN, frappe à la porte<br />
<strong>de</strong> la CEE, <strong>de</strong>s avocats sont jugés par<br />
le tribunal <strong>de</strong>vant lequel ils sont e";<br />
train <strong>de</strong> défendre un accusé. On ai;<br />
merait croire que le sadisme férocequi<br />
s'exerçait à l'encontre <strong>de</strong>s déte~<br />
nus comme Zanajusqu'à sa Iibératiori<br />
(en 1991) n'est plus en vigueur ...<br />
"Ces terribles enfants <strong>de</strong> Rus.<br />
sie" (128p, 68F, Grlot).- Laissés pout,<br />
compte du grand chambar<strong>de</strong>ment<br />
russe, les enfants affrontent une situation<br />
terrible <strong>de</strong> misère, d'abandon,<br />
<strong>de</strong> dénuement, <strong>de</strong> désespérance absolue.<br />
Soumis à toutes les violences,<br />
à toutes les dé,viances, j<strong>et</strong>és sur le<br />
trottoir. délinquants pour survivre, ou<br />
tout simplement perdus dans un.<br />
mon<strong>de</strong> qui les ignore pour mieux faire<br />
son .bizness", ils se confient, ils écrivent<br />
aux journaux. Les confessions<br />
<strong>de</strong> ces enfants d'un siècle pourri ont<br />
<strong>de</strong> quoi nous faire frémir, qui maternons<br />
nos propres rej<strong>et</strong>ons dans<br />
l'édredon du .cocooning" .....<br />
J.PH. ME;STRE<br />
165
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.lmq Mutiny Reveals Cracks in Clan Loyalty<br />
By Youssef M. Ibrahim<br />
New York TimesSeniœ<br />
years to a point of becoming an essential this structure layer after layer as the ligence services un<strong>de</strong>r the command of<br />
pool from which sensitive command loyalty of each clan cOrnesun<strong>de</strong>r suspi- Mr. Saddam's son, Qosai.<br />
posts in the army, intelligence ,and per- ci~n is a '1-cious cir~le that will only Historically, this sort of ostracism of a<br />
_ Alth oh' 'gnif' t' sonal corps of ~. Saddam s body- Wi<strong>de</strong>n the crrcles of discontent. whole group over suspicion of disloyalty<br />
ou~ mSI lcan m guards wen: recrwted' .. . h been ..<br />
PARIS<br />
military terms, the bnef mutiny by Iraqi, . . ..' . . In an earlier rebellion, the Jaboun as part of the po~tical culture of.<br />
Army units against Presi<strong>de</strong>nt Saddam ,~e pUlitary ~~gni!Ican~ of .this re- clan. arose to protest the execution of Iraq, a country where .IdC
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
AFP --:: A- F P- ---:: AFP ---:: AFP ----: A- F -P- ---.:: A- -F P --::<br />
FRS0276 4 I 0198 TOR /AFP-WJ63<br />
Turquie-Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
Trente rebelles kur<strong>de</strong>s tués dans le sud-est anatolien<br />
ISTANBUL, 17 juin (AFP) - Trente rebelles kur<strong>de</strong>s du Parti <strong>de</strong>s<br />
Travailleurs du Kurdistan (PKK, séparatiste) ont été tués lors d'opérations<br />
- <strong>de</strong> l'armée turque notamment dans les régions <strong>de</strong> Bingoi <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> Van du sud-est<br />
anatolien, a rapporté samedi l'agence Anatolie.<br />
Dix-neuf "terroristes" (terme officiel désignant les rebelles kùr<strong>de</strong>s)<br />
ont été tués samedi dans la matinée, lors d'une opération militaire dans la<br />
région <strong>de</strong> Dosekkaya, près <strong>de</strong> Gene (province <strong>de</strong> Bingoi) selon l'agence,<br />
citant les sources officielles.<br />
Neuf autres rebelles kur<strong>de</strong>s, dont une femme, ont été abattus près du<br />
village <strong>de</strong> Burcakalan dans la région <strong>de</strong> Van, rapporte l'agence qui cite un<br />
communiqué <strong>de</strong> la Préfecture <strong>de</strong> l'état d'urgence <strong>de</strong> Diyarbakir. Ce <strong>de</strong>rnier,<br />
établi en 1987, coordonne la lutte <strong>de</strong> l'Etat turc contre le PKK.<br />
Par ailleurs, <strong>de</strong>ux rebelles ont été tués à Sirnak <strong>et</strong> Silopi (sud-est).<br />
Le PKK mène une rébellion contre Ankara <strong>de</strong>puis 1984 pour créer un Etat<br />
indépendant kur<strong>de</strong> dans le sud-est anatolien. C<strong>et</strong>te rébellion <strong>et</strong> les<br />
opérations <strong>de</strong> représailles <strong>de</strong> l'armée ont fait près <strong>de</strong> 16.000 morts én 11<br />
ans.<br />
KGlphp/cc<br />
FRS0375 4 I 0305 RFA /AFP-XB57<br />
Allemagne-Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
70.000 Kur<strong>de</strong>s manifestent à Bonn pour une solution politique en Turquie<br />
BONN, 17 juin (AFP) - Près <strong>de</strong> 70.000 Kur<strong>de</strong>s se sont rassemblés samedi à<br />
Bonn pour exiger une solution politique au conflit qui oppose les Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
~ux forces gouvernementales dans l'est <strong>de</strong> la Turquie.<br />
C<strong>et</strong>te manifestation, soutenue notamment par <strong>de</strong>s élus allemands <strong>de</strong> la<br />
formation écologiste Alliance 90/les Verts, s'est déroulée dans le calme.<br />
Une contre-manifestation à Cologne (ouest) à laquelle avaient appelé <strong>de</strong>s<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>s radicaux pour protester contre l'interdiction du Parti <strong>de</strong>s<br />
travailleurs du Kurdistan (PKK, séparatiste) en Allemagne, où il est<br />
considéré comme une organisation terroriste, n'a pas été autorisée.<br />
Ainsi, 36 cars en provenance <strong>de</strong> Belgique ont été stoppés à la frontière<br />
par la police qui entendait s'assurer <strong>de</strong> l'absence dans les véhicules<br />
d'armes ou <strong>de</strong> symboles du PKK.<br />
Selon la police, les Kur<strong>de</strong>s ont alors cru qu'on voulait leur refuser<br />
l'entrée sur le territoire allemand <strong>et</strong> 2.000 d'entre eux ont passé la<br />
frontière à pied. Ils ont ensuite regagné leurs autocars pour rallier<br />
l'ancienne capitale alleman<strong>de</strong>.<br />
Les opérations militaires turques contre le PKK se sont intensifiées<br />
<strong>de</strong>puis une quinzaine <strong>de</strong> jours. Dans la région <strong>de</strong> Tunceli (est <strong>de</strong> la<br />
Turquie), où 18 soldats turques ont été tués lundi 'dans une embusca<strong>de</strong><br />
kur<strong>de</strong>, l'armée a, selon <strong>de</strong>s informations non confirmées officiellement,<br />
mobilisé près <strong>de</strong> 50.000 hommes. L'agence turque Anatolie a annoncé samedi<br />
que trente rebelles du PKK'venaient d'être tués dans le sud-est anatolien.<br />
La rébellion menée <strong>de</strong>puis 1984 par le PKK pour créer un Etat indépendant<br />
dans le sud-est anatolien <strong>et</strong> les opérations militaires turques ont fait<br />
près <strong>de</strong> 16.000 morts.<br />
1,85 million <strong>de</strong> Turcs vivent en Allemagne, parmi lesquels environ<br />
400.000 Kur<strong>de</strong>s.<br />
lal/egilb<br />
A- -F- -P-----.-.::.A- F- -p-"--.-.::'A- -F----P ----.-.::'A- -F -p-.----: A- -F -P-----:: A- -F -P- ---::<br />
167
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RWISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETÎ<br />
FRS0130 4 IP 0500 /AFP-BQ4S<br />
.,Turquie-France<br />
Mme Ciller attendue en France dans un climat bilatéral "au beau .fixe"<br />
ANKARA, 18 juin (AFP) - Le premier ministre turc Tansu Ciller sera mardi<br />
à <strong>Paris</strong> afin <strong>de</strong> participer aux travaux <strong>de</strong> l'Union <strong>de</strong> l'Europe Occi<strong>de</strong>ntale<br />
(UEO) <strong>et</strong> d'avoir une première rencontre officielle avec les nouveaux<br />
responsables français, alors que les relations franco-turques sont, <strong>de</strong><br />
l'avis général, "au beau fixe".<br />
Mme Ciller est attendue dans la capitale française lundi soir <strong>et</strong> en<br />
repartira 24 heures plus tard. Elle a été invitée par l'assemblée<br />
parlementaire <strong>de</strong> l'UEO, <strong>de</strong>vant laquelle elle prononcera un discours mardi<br />
matin. La Turquie est membre associé <strong>de</strong> 1'~EO.<br />
Mais c<strong>et</strong>te visite-éclair perm<strong>et</strong>tra également~à Mme Ciller d'avoir un<br />
déjeuner officiel avec son homologue Alain Juppé, avant d'être reçue dans<br />
l'après-midi au palais <strong>de</strong> l'Elysée par le prési<strong>de</strong>nt Jacques Chirac, pour la<br />
première fois <strong>de</strong>puis l'élection <strong>de</strong> celui-ci le mois <strong>de</strong>rnier. .<br />
C<strong>et</strong>te visite ne peut que renforcer les "excellentes" relati~ns entre les<br />
<strong>de</strong>ux pays, estime-t-on tant du côté français que du côté turc, où l'on<br />
considère que la France est le meilleur soutien <strong>de</strong> la Turquie au sein <strong>de</strong><br />
l'Union européenne (UE).<br />
Ankara a été sensible aux efforts <strong>de</strong> <strong>Paris</strong>, qui détient encore jusqu'à<br />
la fin du mois la prési<strong>de</strong>nce tournante <strong>de</strong> lOUE, pour faire aboutir les<br />
négociations ayant mené à la signature en mars <strong>de</strong> l'accord d'union<br />
douanière entre la Turquie <strong>et</strong> les Quinze.<br />
M. Juppé, comme ministre <strong>de</strong>s affaires étrangères, avait alors joué un<br />
rôle crucial dans ce processus <strong>et</strong> la Turquie lui en sait ~ré~<br />
Par ailleurs, l'élection <strong>de</strong> M. Chirac à la prési<strong>de</strong>nce a été saluée comme<br />
une bonne nouvelle à Ankara où les sympathies pour la cause k~<strong>de</strong> du<br />
précé<strong>de</strong>nt prési<strong>de</strong>nt, François Mitterrand, <strong>et</strong> surtout <strong>de</strong> son épouse<br />
Danielle, étaient une cause fréquente d'irritation.<br />
. Le fait que la Turquie a ménagé la France la semaine <strong>de</strong>rnière en étant<br />
l'un <strong>de</strong>s rares pays du mon<strong>de</strong> à exprimer sa "compréhension" <strong>de</strong>vant sa<br />
décision <strong>de</strong> reprendre ses essais nucléaires dans le Pacifique Sud est<br />
considéré à Ankara comme révélateur <strong>de</strong> la bonne atmosphère régnant<br />
actuellement entre les <strong>de</strong>ux pays.<br />
De source proche <strong>de</strong> Mme Ciller, on a indiqué que celle-ci <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>ra lors<br />
<strong>de</strong> sa visite le soutien <strong>de</strong> la France pour que l'union douanière soit suivie<br />
dans les plus brefs délais d'une adhésion <strong>de</strong> la Turquie comme membre à part<br />
entière ,<strong>de</strong> l'UE, à laquelle elle est candidate <strong>de</strong>puis 1987.<br />
Ankara~dont le rapprochement avec les institutions européennes remonte<br />
à 1963, s'inquiète en eff<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> voir que <strong>de</strong>s pays dont la candidature est<br />
beaucoup plus récente, comme ceux d'Europe <strong>de</strong> l'est, pourraient rejoindre<br />
lOUE avant elle.<br />
On note toutefois à Ankara que l'entrée en vigueur <strong>de</strong> l'union douanière,<br />
prévue pour le 1er janvier prochain, dépend encore <strong>de</strong> la ratification du<br />
,parlement européen. Or, celui-ci exige au préalable <strong>de</strong>s progrès<br />
substantiels dans le domaine <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> la démocratie en<br />
Turquie.<br />
HC/cc<br />
AFP /J0024S/181133 JUN 95<br />
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FRS09i4 4 I 0264 FRA /AFP-L092<br />
France-Turquie<br />
Arrivée du premier ministre turc à <strong>Paris</strong><br />
PARIS, 19 juin (AFP) - Le Premier ministre turc, Mme Tansu Ciller, est<br />
arrivé lundi en fin d'après midi à <strong>Paris</strong> pour une visite <strong>de</strong> travail <strong>de</strong> 24<br />
heures consacrée notamment à l'Union <strong>de</strong> l'Europe occi<strong>de</strong>ntale <strong>et</strong> à <strong>de</strong>s<br />
entr<strong>et</strong>iens avec le prési<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>et</strong> le premier ministre.<br />
Mme Ciller doit participer aux travaux <strong>de</strong> l'Assemblée <strong>de</strong> l'UEO qui se<br />
tient dans la capitale française jusqu'à mercredi. La Turquie fait partie<br />
<strong>de</strong>s "trois membres associés" <strong>de</strong> l'UEO au côté <strong>de</strong> la Norvège <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />
l'Islan<strong>de</strong>.<br />
Le premier ministre turc <strong>de</strong>vait ensuite être reçu à déjeuner à l'Hôtel<br />
.Matignon par son homologue Alain Juppé avant <strong>de</strong> rencontrer le prési<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
Jacques Chirac au palais <strong>de</strong> l'Elysée.<br />
Mme Ciller, selon <strong>de</strong>s sources informées turques, <strong>de</strong>vrait <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>r le<br />
soutien <strong>de</strong> la France pour que l'union douanière, conclue en mars <strong>de</strong>rnier<br />
entre l'Union européenne <strong>et</strong> Ankara, soit rapi<strong>de</strong>ment suivie d'une adhésion<br />
<strong>de</strong> la Turquie comme membre à part entière <strong>de</strong> l'UE, à laquelle elle est<br />
candidate <strong>de</strong>puis 1987.<br />
Ankara, dont le rapprochement avec les institutions européennes remonte<br />
à 1963, s'inquiète en eff<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> voir que <strong>de</strong>s pays dont la candidature est<br />
beaucoup plus récente, comme ceux d'Europe <strong>de</strong> l'est, pourraient rejoindre<br />
l'UE avant elle. .<br />
Par ailleurs, l'élection <strong>de</strong> M. Chirac à la prési<strong>de</strong>nce française a été<br />
saluée comme une bonne nouvelle à Ankara où les sympathies pour la cause<br />
kur<strong>de</strong> du précé<strong>de</strong>nt prési<strong>de</strong>nt, François Mitterrand, <strong>et</strong> surtout <strong>de</strong> son épouse<br />
Danielle, étaient une cause fréquente d'irritation.<br />
am-bfr/mst<br />
AFP /J00245/192005 JlIN Qa:;<br />
."<br />
Reuter. Reuter - Reuter. REUTER -Reuter. Reuter - Reuter. REUTER -Reuter. Reuter - Reuter. R<br />
k=BC-FRANèe-TURKEY-PROTEST<br />
h:<br />
Frœnch groups urg~ pr~&sure on Cill~r ~ver Kurds<br />
PARIS. June 19 (Reuter) - On th~ eve of a <strong>Paris</strong> Vi5it by<br />
Turkish P~ime Mini~ter Tansu Ciller, nine union ~nd human rights<br />
gr"oupa askp.d the French gcvernm\!int co Mend.cayto pre'ii~ her te<br />
açhieve a pea~eful $œttlemœnt with militant Kurd~.<br />
They _aid Turkish forces and Kuràish separatists were lo~ked<br />
in cne of the world P $ blocdiœst confliçts, killing 30 people<br />
daily~ and a$ked France to liuspend arms sales to Ankara.<br />
Thœ groups_ including tha Human Rights Leagu~ and the<br />
France-Libertes group hea<strong>de</strong>d by France~s fcrm~r ~ir$t Lady<br />
Danielle Mitterrand, protested against French plans te ßell 20<br />
Cougar heli~opters te Turkey.<br />
They asked <strong>Paris</strong> to make Turkish progres~ toward~ <strong>de</strong>mocracy,<br />
a release of political pd.90ners and dial.cgue en a peaceful Kurd<br />
s<strong>et</strong>tlem~nt conditions of ~ny financial aid or political support<br />
to Ankara..<br />
Cill~r is due to have talks on Tuesday with Presi<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
Jacque~ Chir~c:.and Prime Minister Alain Juppe and addr~$s the<br />
parliam&ntary aS$embly of the Western European Union <strong>de</strong>~ence<br />
group cf which Turkey is an associate member.<br />
REUTER<br />
191917 GMT jun 95<br />
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France-Turquie-~~r<strong>de</strong>s .<br />
Dix associatioris m<strong>et</strong>tent en cause l'ai<strong>de</strong> militaire <strong>de</strong> la France à la<br />
Turquie<br />
PARIS, 20 juin (AFP).- Dix associations ont mis en cause, mardi, l'ai<strong>de</strong><br />
militaire <strong>de</strong> la France à la Turquie accusée d'en faire usage pour<br />
"renforcer contre les Kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> Turquie une répression aussi féroce que<br />
celle que pratique'le régime <strong>de</strong> Saddam Bussein à l'encontre <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
d'Irak". .<br />
"Cédant une fois <strong>de</strong> plus au mercantilisme, le gouvernement français a<br />
autorisé la signature d'une contrat portant sur la livraison <strong>de</strong> 20<br />
hélicoptères Cougar à l'armée turque qui ne manquera pas <strong>de</strong> les utiliser<br />
contre les villages <strong>et</strong> les populations civiles kur<strong>de</strong>s", ont déclaré dans un<br />
communiqué ces associations parmi lesquelles figurent France-Libertés, la<br />
~igue <strong>de</strong>s Droits <strong>de</strong> l'Bomme, l'Union <strong>de</strong>s Femmes Françaises, le ClMADE, la<br />
'Maison du mon<strong>de</strong>, Agir ensemble, Agir ici.<br />
Au moment où le Premier ministre turc Tansu Ciller effectuait une visite<br />
d'une journée à <strong>Paris</strong> (elle <strong>de</strong>vait,quitter <strong>Paris</strong> pour Ankara dans le soirée<br />
<strong>de</strong> mardi), les associations ont <strong>de</strong>mandé à la France <strong>de</strong> "suivre l'exemple <strong>de</strong><br />
l'Allemagne, l'Afrique du Sud, l'Autriche, la Norvège, le Danemark, la<br />
Suè<strong>de</strong> <strong>et</strong> les Pays-Bas en suspendant toute livraison d'armes <strong>et</strong> assistance<br />
militaire à la Turquie".<br />
Elles ont aussi <strong>de</strong>mandé au gouvernement français <strong>de</strong> "conditionner toute<br />
~i<strong>de</strong> financière ou politique à Ankara au progrès réalisé par la Turquie<br />
dans la voie <strong>de</strong> la démocratie, <strong>de</strong> la libération <strong>de</strong>s prisonniers d'opinion<br />
<strong>et</strong> du dialogue en VUé d'un règlement pacifique du problème kur<strong>de</strong>".<br />
. Selon les associations signataires, "la guerre du Kurdistan dans<br />
'laquelle sont engagés 300.000 soldats, gendarmes <strong>et</strong> policiers'turcs, est<br />
actuelement l'un <strong>de</strong>s conflits les plus meurtriers du mon<strong>de</strong>".<br />
, Elles ont dressé un bilan accablant <strong>de</strong> l'action du gouvernement Ciller<br />
'au Kurdistan turc : "<strong>de</strong>struction <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux mille villages <strong>et</strong> d'une dizaine <strong>de</strong><br />
millions d'hecta~es <strong>de</strong> forêt, assassinat <strong>de</strong> 3.000 intellectuels,<br />
enseignants, écrivains, avocats, déportation <strong>de</strong> trois mill~ons <strong>de</strong> civils,<br />
internement <strong>de</strong> députés, 'd'univers,itaires, <strong>de</strong> journalistes pour délit<br />
d'opinion, baisse <strong>de</strong> 6% du PNB <strong>et</strong> inflation <strong>de</strong> 156% du fait du coat<br />
exorbitant <strong>de</strong> la guerre (19,5 milliards <strong>de</strong> dollars en <strong>de</strong>ux an's)".<br />
pc/mst<br />
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Turquie-UEO-UE<br />
Le Premier ministre turc m<strong>et</strong> en gar<strong>de</strong> contre une non-ratification <strong>de</strong><br />
l'union douanière avec l'UE<br />
PARIS, 20 juin (AFP) - Le Premier ministre turc Tansu Ciller a mis en<br />
.gar<strong>de</strong> mardi à <strong>Paris</strong> contre une éventuelle non-ratification <strong>de</strong> l'accord<br />
d'union douanière, conclu entre son pays <strong>et</strong> l'Union européenne, affirmant<br />
qu'une décision "négative" renforcera les extrémismes en Turquie.<br />
"Si l'union douanière est approuvée (par le Parlement européen), cela<br />
perm<strong>et</strong>tra sûrement d'accélerer les réformes <strong>et</strong> le changement en Turquie. Un<br />
vote négatif renforcera les extrémistes", a souligné Mme Ciller, lors <strong>de</strong> sa<br />
.première intervention <strong>de</strong>vant l'Assemblée <strong>de</strong> l'UEO (Union <strong>de</strong> l'Europe<br />
occi<strong>de</strong>ntale).<br />
Selon elle, "il n'existe pas <strong>de</strong> formule précise pour mesurer les<br />
changements <strong>et</strong> les améliorations" <strong>de</strong>s réformes en Turquie.<br />
Le Parlement européen, qui doit se prononcer à l'automne, conditionne la<br />
ratification <strong>de</strong> l'accord d'union douanière conclu en mars à Bruxelles entre<br />
la Turquie <strong>et</strong> l'UE à la libération <strong>de</strong>s députés turcs d'origine kur<strong>de</strong><br />
emprisonnés <strong>et</strong> à la mise en place <strong>de</strong> réformes démocratiques dans ce pays.<br />
"L'Union europénne doit aussi prendre en considération l'action <strong>de</strong> la<br />
Turquie pour la sécurité <strong>et</strong> la stabilité <strong>de</strong> l'Europe, alors que les<br />
conflits <strong>et</strong> les violences nés <strong>de</strong> la désintégration <strong>de</strong> l'URSS risquent <strong>de</strong><br />
dévaster la région", a dit le Premier ministre.<br />
Le discours <strong>de</strong> Mme Ciller, dont le pays est membre associé <strong>de</strong> l'UEO, a<br />
été vivement applaudi par les parlementaires <strong>de</strong> l'UEO.<br />
Lutter contre le terrorisme<br />
Mme Ciller a également présenté la Turquie comme "un modèle" pour les<br />
républiques à population essentiellement, musulmanes, issues <strong>de</strong> l'ex-URSS,<br />
<strong>et</strong> qui ont accédé à l'indépendance.<br />
"Le choix pour ces 200 millions <strong>de</strong> personnes, qui parlent le turc, est<br />
entre notre modèle politique <strong>et</strong> économique d'ouverture <strong>et</strong> le modèle<br />
fondamentaliste <strong>de</strong> l'Iran", a-t-elle fait remarquer.<br />
Balayant' les critiques à l'égard <strong>de</strong> son pays, en matière <strong>de</strong> droits <strong>de</strong><br />
l'homme, notamment en ce qui concerne le problème ~r<strong>de</strong>, Mme Ciller a<br />
insisté sur les efforts en cours <strong>de</strong> la Turquie pour m<strong>et</strong>tre en place les<br />
réformes démocratiques <strong>et</strong> constitutionnelles.<br />
"Nous sommes déterminés à renforcer les droits individuels, sans m<strong>et</strong>tre<br />
en cause l'intégrité <strong>de</strong> notre nation", a-t-elle indiqué.<br />
Elle a également justifié la condamnation <strong>de</strong> huit députés turcs<br />
d'origine kur<strong>de</strong> à <strong>de</strong>s peines <strong>de</strong> trois ans <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>mi à 15 ans <strong>de</strong> prison pour<br />
leur soutien au Parti <strong>de</strong>s Travailleurs du Kurdistan (PKK, séparatiste).<br />
"L'action du PKK n'est ni romantique, ni héroïque, mais terroriste",<br />
a-t-elle lancé, regr<strong>et</strong>tant que la Turquie ne dispose pas, à l'instar d'un<br />
pays comme l'Espagne avec la France, d'un voisin lui perm<strong>et</strong>tant <strong>de</strong> lutter<br />
contre le terrorisme, ce qui l'oblige à composer avec "un voisinage<br />
difficile".<br />
hm/eb<br />
AFP /J00245/201525 JON 95<br />
171
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
LIBÉRATION - MER CRE 0 I<br />
Tansu Ciller à' Pari~,<br />
veut accrocher~1a<br />
Turquie à l'Europe<br />
• es réfonnes exigées par ,<br />
~es Européens piétinent.<br />
mais le Premier ministre<br />
turc, Tansu Ciller, a tenté<br />
172<br />
hier à <strong>Paris</strong> <strong>de</strong> montrer<br />
,qu'elles sont en bonne<br />
:'voie. EUe a répété ce mes-<br />
'sage dans son discours <strong>de</strong>vant<br />
l'assemblée <strong>de</strong> l'UED<br />
comme dans ses entr<strong>et</strong>iens<br />
avec Ajain JupPé. Un véritable<br />
compte à rebours e\~<br />
engagé en eff<strong>et</strong> pot1f; la<br />
TurqUie, qui joue son ~s~<br />
tin ces quatre prochlÜns<br />
mois: a l'automne le ParIe-<br />
•ment européen <strong>de</strong>yradonner<br />
l'ultime feu vert au traité<br />
d'Union douanière<br />
associant ce pays à l'espace<br />
'éconOlIi..iq~e~s Quinze.,<br />
Un -premieTpas vers une<br />
,pleiße intégration européC"ime<br />
~,revendiquent<br />
les autorités d'Ankara au<br />
nom <strong>de</strong> l'histoire <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> leurs<br />
institutions, démocratiques<br />
bien qu'imparfaites. '<br />
:C<strong>et</strong>te ratification'indispen-<br />
Sable est loin d'<strong>et</strong>re acqùise,<br />
car les atteintes aux<br />
droits <strong>de</strong> l' homme <strong>et</strong> l' absence<br />
<strong>de</strong> solution politiqtie<br />
:à la question kw<strong>de</strong> cristallic<br />
:sent une forte hostilité au<br />
'sein du Parlement <strong>de</strong><br />
Strasbourg. Toujours plus<br />
contestée, Tansu Ciller,<br />
première femme chef <strong>de</strong><br />
,gouvernement à la tête<br />
d,'upe coalition «droite<br />
,ga\iClte»,,répète qu'un refusdè;'Ja<br />
p;,irt <strong>de</strong> l'Europe<br />
ferait le Ut:a~ islamistes,<br />
électoralerneriitou jours<br />
;plus forts après" 'le.u.I'<br />
:conquête l'an <strong>de</strong>rnier <strong>de</strong><br />
,nombreuses municipalités<br />
du pays, dont Ankara <strong>et</strong> Is- '<br />
,tanbul. 'Elle, compte plus<br />
que jamais sur l'ai<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Pa- "<br />
ris, particulièrement sen- '<br />
sible au rôle stratégique <strong>de</strong><br />
ce pays au carrefour <strong>de</strong>s,<br />
,trois principaux centres <strong>de</strong><br />
,crise: Balkans, Caucase <strong>et</strong><br />
Moyen-Orient. Malgré<br />
leurs mi~ en gar<strong>de</strong> lors <strong>de</strong>'<br />
l'intervention <strong>de</strong> l'armée<br />
turque au nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak en<br />
mars <strong>de</strong>rnier, les autorités,<br />
françaises ont toujours<br />
,montré plus <strong>de</strong> compréhen- "<br />
sion que certains <strong>de</strong> leurs '<br />
partenaires européens pour '<br />
la république laïque créée<br />
par Ataturk, qui reconnaît<br />
tous les droits <strong>de</strong>s citoyens<br />
2 1 J U I N 1 995<br />
turcs aux Kur<strong>de</strong>s, sauf celui<br />
<strong>de</strong> se revendiquer comme<br />
tels.<br />
Depuis maintenant onze<br />
ans, Ankara poursuitdans<br />
,les 15départements du Sud,. ,<br />
Est anatolien, peuplés en<br />
majorité <strong>de</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong>s, une<br />
«sale guerre» contre les rebelles<br />
du PKK (parti <strong>de</strong>s<br />
travailleurs du Kurdistan,<br />
séparatiste) qui a fait pIus <strong>de</strong><br />
15.000 morts. Près <strong>de</strong> 2000<br />
villages ou hameaux ont été<br />
détruits <strong>et</strong> leQrs habitants<br />
déplacés. Seul parti ouvertement<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>, le DEP a été<br />
interdit <strong>et</strong>. en décembre <strong>de</strong>rnier,<br />
huit <strong>de</strong> ses députés ont<br />
été condamnés à <strong>de</strong>s peines<br />
allant jusqu'à quinze ans<br />
d'emprisonnenemt pour<br />
, «propagan<strong>de</strong> Sépàratiste».<br />
, La loi antiterreur, notam-<br />
" ment son article 8, a servi à<br />
multiplier les poursuites<br />
contre <strong>de</strong>s intellectuels,<br />
dont le célèbre romancier<br />
,Yashar Kemal. Les Euro-<br />
Péens <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>nt l'abrogation<br />
<strong>de</strong> ces tex.tes liber-<br />
,:tiei<strong>de</strong>s ainsi qu'une<br />
,transformation <strong>de</strong> \' actuelle<br />
Constitution, élaborée par<br />
leS militaires <strong>de</strong>ux ans après<br />
.lecoupd'Etat<strong>de</strong>septembre<br />
,1980 <strong>et</strong> interdisantnotamment<br />
l'activité politique <strong>et</strong><br />
syndicale <strong>de</strong>s fonctionnaires<br />
ou le droit pour les associatiQns<br />
<strong>de</strong> faire <strong>de</strong> la politique>\<br />
Ces réformes sont bloquées<br />
au Parlement Les amen<strong>de</strong>ments<br />
<strong>de</strong> la Constitution<br />
exigent une majorité <strong>de</strong>s<br />
, (Jeux tiers. Elle,est impôssible<br />
à cause <strong>de</strong> l',intransigeance<br />
du Refah, le parti islamiste"qui<br />
veut enéchange<br />
, là suppression <strong>de</strong> l'article<br />
24 interdisant la formation<br />
d'un parti sur une ba...ereli~<br />
gieuse. L'abrogation d'une<br />
partie <strong>de</strong>s lois antiterreurest<br />
refusée par une gran<strong>de</strong> parc<br />
tie <strong>de</strong> la droite <strong>et</strong> l'armée"<br />
qui dispose du soutien ex~<br />
plicite du chef <strong>de</strong> l'Etat.. Su"<br />
leiman Demirel.<br />
Le calendrier <strong>de</strong>s reformes<br />
risque donc <strong>de</strong> ne pas êtr~<br />
respecté. Quelques-un~<br />
<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong>putés du DE? en<br />
exil <strong>et</strong> les milieux. kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
proches du PKK incitent<br />
les Européens à l'intransigeance.<br />
Mais en Turquie,<br />
les responsables <strong>de</strong>s associations<br />
<strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong><br />
l'homme <strong>et</strong> les libéraux<br />
craignent surtout que le~<br />
pays occi<strong>de</strong>ntaux, en iso~<br />
lant la Turquie, ne se privent<br />
<strong>de</strong> tout moyen d'y<br />
pousser la démocratisation.<br />
MARC<br />
SEMO<br />
Nord Eclair - 21 juin 1995<br />
TUROUIE Lepresi<strong>de</strong>ntjacques Chiracilreaffirmé mardi <strong>de</strong>vant le Premier ministre turc,<br />
Mme ~su Ciller, «la vocation euro~nne/l <strong>de</strong> la Turquie <strong>et</strong> a souhaité qu'A terme ce pays<br />
puisse participer aux Conseils européens. .<br />
Le chef <strong>de</strong> l'Etat s'est déclare «favorable .t la presence <strong>de</strong> la TU'9.uieA l'occasion <strong>de</strong>s<br />
Conseils européens, dês.lon que le Parlement européen aura approuvé I accord d'union doua-<br />
'nilre /I conclu entre l'UE <strong>et</strong> Ankara.<br />
De son c6té, le ~i<strong>et</strong>' ministre Alainlup~a <strong>de</strong>ma.ndé à son homologut; turque, .<strong>de</strong>s« mes'!-<br />
res <strong>de</strong> grice /I pt!ur les huit dépU!és Ifurt/is <strong>de</strong> TurqUie,accusés <strong>de</strong> soufemr le P'!rti<strong>de</strong>s travai/-<br />
leurs du Kurdistan (PK/{,sélW;atiste) <strong>et</strong>àJndamnés en décembre 1994 à <strong>de</strong>s peines ai/ant <strong>de</strong> 3<br />
ans <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>mià 15 ans d'empnsonnement par /a Cour <strong>de</strong>s(Jr<strong>et</strong>é d'Ankara. (Photo AFP)
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RWISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
La Marseillaise • 21 juin 1995<br />
InfaMatin<br />
21 juin 1995<br />
COMMUNIQUÉ<br />
Bonjour madame Ciller!<br />
Vous voilà à nouveau à <strong>Paris</strong>.<br />
Nous espérons que vous n'êtes<br />
pas venue <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>r<strong>de</strong>s annes<br />
<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s hélicoptères à votre collègue<br />
M. Juppé, qui cO/mail bien<br />
le sort que vous faites subir à la<br />
population kur<strong>de</strong>.<br />
Sachant la politique <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>struc-<br />
'tion <strong>de</strong> villages kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />
massacres <strong>de</strong> civils innocents<br />
menée par votre armée, l'Allemagne,<br />
l'Afrique du Sud,<br />
l'Autriche, le Danemark, la Norvège,<br />
les Pays-Bas <strong>et</strong> la Suè<strong>de</strong><br />
ont suspendu leurs ventes<br />
d'armes à votre pays.<br />
Pour protester contre l'embastillement<br />
<strong>de</strong>s députés kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>et</strong><br />
la dissolution <strong>de</strong> leur parti <strong>de</strong> la<br />
Démocratie, le Parlement européen<br />
a gelé ses relations avec la<br />
Turquie. Le Conseil <strong>de</strong> l'Europe<br />
<strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> la suspension <strong>de</strong> votre<br />
pays pour ses violations massives<br />
<strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme.<br />
Nous formons <strong>de</strong>s vœux que la<br />
France ne soit pas le <strong>de</strong>rnier<br />
pays à vous vendre <strong>de</strong>s armes<br />
<strong>et</strong> que notre gouvernement<br />
m<strong>et</strong>te à profit votre séjour pour<br />
vous inciter à nouer le dialogue<br />
avec vos 15millions <strong>de</strong> citoyens<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>s, à répondre enfin à leur<br />
aspiration à la reconnaissance<br />
<strong>de</strong> leur i<strong>de</strong>ntité, à la paix <strong>et</strong> au<br />
droit <strong>de</strong> vivre sur la teffe <strong>de</strong> leurs<br />
ancêtres.<br />
Est -ce trop <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>r à la patrie<br />
<strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme?<br />
Est-ce trop <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>r à un pays<br />
comme le vôtre qui se dit démocratique<br />
<strong>et</strong> qui veut entrer dans<br />
l'Union européenne?<br />
Comité international pour<br />
la libération <strong>de</strong> députés kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
emprisonnés en Turquie<br />
CRIMES c.o... IlE<br />
L'IIUMANm<br />
L 'Associati0'l. arménienne<br />
Azadakroutioun organise<br />
une conférence débat<br />
sur "L'actualité <strong>de</strong>s crimes<br />
contre l'humanité : le<br />
cas <strong>de</strong> l'ftat Turc" le samedi<br />
24 juin <strong>de</strong> 19 heuresà<br />
23 heuresavec:<br />
Patrick Devedjian, député<br />
au parlement Français.<br />
Ism<strong>et</strong> Cheriff Vanly,<br />
historien - prési<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>de</strong><br />
l'institut Kur<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Berlin.<br />
Michel Marian, agrégé <strong>de</strong><br />
philosophie - fnargue,<br />
Martre <strong>de</strong> conférences à<br />
l'I.f.P. <strong>de</strong> <strong>Paris</strong>. Ali Haydar<br />
Cilasun, Député du Parlement<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong> en exil Chercheur<br />
à Berlin. Un représentant<br />
<strong>de</strong> la LD.H., Pris.<br />
La conférence se déroulera<br />
en la saite Le Mistral,<br />
I l, impasse Flammarion,<br />
13001Marseille.<br />
Le Quotidien <strong>de</strong> <strong>Paris</strong> • 22 juin 1995<br />
Turquie: la France mise en .cause .<br />
Dix associations ont mis en cause, mardi, l'ai<strong>de</strong> militaire <strong>de</strong> la<br />
France à la Turquie accusée d'en faire usage pour «renforcer<br />
contre les Kl!I'<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> Turquie une répression aussi féroCe que<br />
celle que pratique le régime.<strong>de</strong> saddam. Hussein à l'encontre<br />
<strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s d'Irak». «Cédant une fois <strong>de</strong> plus au mercantilisme,<br />
le gouvernement français a autorisé la signature d'un contrat<br />
portant sur la livraison <strong>de</strong>.20 hé1icoJ?tèresCouguar à l'armée<br />
turque qui ne manquera pas <strong>de</strong> les utiliser contre les villages <strong>et</strong><br />
les populations civiles kur<strong>de</strong>s., ont déclaré dans un communi-<br />
.qué ces associations parmi lesquelles ~~t France-Libertés,<br />
la Ligue <strong>de</strong>s Droits <strong>de</strong> l'Homme, l'Umon <strong>de</strong>s Femmes Françaises;<br />
le CIMADE, la Maison du mon<strong>de</strong>, Agir ensemble, Agir<br />
ici.<br />
V.S.D. • 22-28 juin 1995<br />
INSULTE INTERNATIONALE<br />
.En Turquie, il Y a <strong>de</strong>s KlI'1Ies en prison poli'<br />
<strong>de</strong>s raisons poitiques. Trois représentantes<br />
du Parlement européen (panni lesqueIes<br />
Catherine Laknière) ont <strong>de</strong>mandé au<br />
gouvernement <strong>de</strong> ce pays <strong>de</strong>s expications.<br />
.Réponse d'AYVal Gok<strong>de</strong>mir, miislre d'Etat<br />
turc : • Nous n'alons pas Ibérer ces traitres<br />
pour le pIaisi' <strong>de</strong> ces prostituées<br />
européeMes. - VoIà qui donne à penser que<br />
côté poltesse, respect <strong>de</strong> la vérité <strong>et</strong> droits<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'homme ... c'est, en fait, monSlM le<br />
miislre qui est <strong>de</strong> bien • p<strong>et</strong>ite vertu -.<br />
173
REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ~RNISTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZETÎ<br />
LE MONDE I JEUDI 22 J~IN 1995<br />
, " ' .'<br />
Mme Ciller 'appelle l'E~rope à plus <strong>de</strong> compréhension envers la Turquie<br />
'LE PREMIER MINISTRE<br />
,TURC, Mme Tansu Ciller, s'est<br />
adressée mardi 20juin aux parlementaires<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'Union <strong>de</strong> l'Europe<br />
occi<strong>de</strong>ntale réunis à <strong>Paris</strong>, avant<br />
<strong>de</strong> s'entr<strong>et</strong>enir avec Alain Juppé<br />
puis avec Jacques Chirac. Mme Ciller<br />
s'était préparée aux critiques<br />
sur les droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme, sachant<br />
que la crédibilité <strong>de</strong> ses réponses<br />
.compterait dans la ratification pàr<br />
une autre assemblée, le Parlemenf<br />
européen" <strong>de</strong> l'accord<br />
d'union douanière signé le 6 mars<br />
ave( la TUrquie qui,-s'il est ratifié,<br />
entrera en vigueur le '}erjanvier<br />
'prochain. Elle a donc abordé <strong>de</strong><br />
front les 'suj<strong>et</strong>s les plus polé-<br />
, miqües,en prenant soin <strong>de</strong> rap-<br />
, peler au préalable les mérites <strong>de</strong><br />
la démocratie turque <strong>et</strong> en soulignant<br />
l'incompréhension <strong>de</strong> son<br />
peuple «<strong>de</strong>vant les attaques<br />
, contre notre système venues d'Europe<br />
».<br />
L~s lenteurs <strong>de</strong> la réforme<br />
constitutionnelle sont dues aux<br />
ritent autant <strong>de</strong> respect que celles<br />
en vigueur dans les autres pays, a-<br />
t-elle expliqué. «Nous <strong>de</strong>vons<br />
abolir l'article 8 en vertu duquel<br />
<strong>de</strong>s écrivains, <strong>de</strong>s journalistes <strong>et</strong><br />
procédures parlementaires, <strong>de</strong>stinées<br />
à éviter «les changements<br />
hâtifs <strong>et</strong> inconsidérés» <strong>et</strong> qui mé-<br />
<strong>de</strong>s universitaires ontfait l'obj<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />
poursuites qui ont reçu une large<br />
publicité », a-t-elle précisé, en<br />
ayant le souci <strong>de</strong> «protéger l'expression<br />
non violente <strong>de</strong>s idées ».<br />
MISE EN GARDE<br />
Concernant la question kur<strong>de</strong>,<br />
, Mme Ciller a systématiquement associé<br />
la revendication kur<strong>de</strong> au<br />
terrorisme du PKK,tout en rappelant<br />
que les citoyens turcs d'origine<br />
kur<strong>de</strong> sont intégrés à toutes<br />
les sphères <strong>de</strong> la vie publique:<br />
« 150 députés sont d'origine kur<strong>de</strong>,<br />
le tiers <strong>de</strong> l'assemblée, alors qu'il y<br />
a dix millions <strong>de</strong> citoyens d'origine<br />
kur<strong>de</strong> sur soixante-dix millions »,<br />
a-t-elle souligné. Aux questions<br />
réitérées <strong>de</strong>s parlementaires <strong>de</strong><br />
l'Union <strong>de</strong> l'Europe occi<strong>de</strong>ntale<br />
sur les droits <strong>de</strong> la minorité kur<strong>de</strong>,<br />
elle a donné une seule <strong>et</strong> même<br />
réponse: la démocratie turque<br />
n'a pas <strong>de</strong> fon<strong>de</strong>ment <strong>et</strong>hnique.<br />
Quant aux parlementaires empri- terrain, le premier n:iinistre turc a<br />
sonnés, le premier ministre a dé- répété que l'Europe avait une<br />
claré qùe, si elle avait le pouvoir grave respons$ilité envers la<br />
d'intervenir dans une décision <strong>de</strong> Turquie, son alliée <strong>et</strong> son rempart<br />
justice, la Turquie ne serait pas <strong>de</strong> toujours daqs,une région diffi~<br />
une démoCratie. «fls n'ont pas été cile.« Si l'union: douanière est apemprisonnés<br />
pour les idées qu'ils ' prouvte, elle accélérera le changeant<br />
exprimées, mais pour leur affi- m~nt en TIlrquie, renforcera l~s<br />
liation prouvée <strong>et</strong> leur soutien à forces réformatrices <strong>et</strong> encourage-,<br />
une organisation terroriste », a-t- ra la vaste msjorit(<strong>de</strong>s TIlrcs qui<br />
elle martelé, ,citant l'un d'entre veulent l'intégration' avec l'Eu~<br />
eux qui aurait déclaré le 7 juin, àro'pe », a-t-elle dit, m<strong>et</strong>tant en<br />
Vienne: «Nous sommes le PKK. » gar<strong>de</strong> contre le dépit aux consé-<br />
Sur le chapitre <strong>de</strong>s relations 'quences incalculables que causeavec<br />
la Grèce, le premier ministre 'rait un vote «non ».<br />
turc a déclaré que l'extension <strong>de</strong>s Les Etats-Unis déploieraient en'<br />
eaux territoriales grecques en mer ce moment une activité fébrile,<br />
Egée «est inacceptable car elle pour convaincre les parlemenempêcherait<br />
la Turquie <strong>de</strong> respi- taires europét:ns <strong>de</strong> ne pas blo-,<br />
rer », en se gardant <strong>de</strong> parler <strong>de</strong> quer la ratification <strong>de</strong> l'accord<br />
casus belli comme elle l'avait fait à d'union douanière avec ia 1\1r-<br />
Ankara. Et pour ce qui est <strong>de</strong> la quie. La France a <strong>de</strong>mandé où en<br />
solution au problème chypriote, étaient les opérations militaires<br />
, Mme Cjller a déploré que le blo- contre le PKKen Irak, <strong>et</strong> rappelé<br />
cage vienne désormais <strong>de</strong> la par- que la lutte contre le terrorisme<br />
tie grecque, encouragée, selon en ,Thrquie même <strong>de</strong>vait se faire<br />
elle, à penser que l'adhésion <strong>de</strong> dans le plus strict respect <strong>de</strong>s<br />
Chypre à l'Union européenne dis- droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme.<br />
penserait <strong>de</strong> trouver une solution.<br />
Ayant ainsi dftment déblayé le<br />
S.Gh.<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
Çiller <strong>de</strong>fends Turkey<br />
against Euro criticism<br />
Europe: PM pledges<br />
<strong>de</strong>mocratization,<br />
says integration with<br />
,Europe is crucial<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
PARI S'- Prime Minister Tansu<br />
Çiller on Tuesday <strong>de</strong>fen<strong>de</strong>d,<br />
Ankara's stance in the face of<br />
European' criticism regarding the<br />
human rights situation and the<br />
Kurdish issue, admitting that<br />
Turkey lacks some elements of a<br />
true <strong>de</strong>mocracy, but pledging to<br />
remove several anti-<strong>de</strong>mocratic<br />
legislative articles. '<br />
PM Ciller: Customs Union is of<br />
'Vital importance for Turkey."<br />
WEDNESDAY,JUNE2I,I995<br />
Addressing a Western European Union (WEU) assembly<br />
me<strong>et</strong>ing in the French capiull, Çiller urged Europeans to<br />
show no sJ~pa~y totq~ ?utlaw,~d .Kur~ïs.tan ~o~kers'<br />
,p~. or PK.K,wbich she slUdwas a VIolentterronst organization.<br />
Ciller said Turkey,while <strong>de</strong>mocratizing its constitution<br />
and laws, would take into account a <strong>de</strong>licate balance<br />
b<strong>et</strong>ween, the right of free speech and the advocacy of violence.<br />
' ,<br />
, The prime minister said Ankara's 'planned customs union<br />
with the European Union was of vItal importance for her<br />
coti~try, warning that a "no" vote by the European<br />
Parliament for the,cüstoms union <strong>de</strong>al would frustrate the<br />
Turkish P~p'le re¥,arding ties ~ith. the West and probably<br />
push Turkey m an 'eastward" direction. '<br />
.Replying to questions by members of the WEU assembly<br />
after her speech, Çiller said Iraqi Presi<strong>de</strong>nt Saddam<br />
Hussein' s administration supported t1iePKK at one point in<br />
r<strong>et</strong>aliation for Turkey's firm backing to the U.S.-led multinational<br />
movement against Baghdad during the Gulf crisis.<br />
In a press statement Çiller also reiterated -Turkey's<br />
~emand to become ~ full m~mber of th.e~U, saying this<br />
Iss~e could be fmalized dunng th~ p~ocess of a European<br />
revIew conference scheduled to begm m 1996. "<br />
The following are some excerpts reflecting the major<br />
points Çiller mentioned at the WEU me<strong>et</strong>ing: ,<br />
"Some critics complain about our failur<strong>et</strong>o modify quickly<br />
our anti-terrorism law, but again tbis <strong>de</strong>cision must be<br />
ma<strong>de</strong> by our Parliament, and on this veryJ:omplex issue of<br />
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REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RlVISTA<br />
STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASlN ÖZETi<br />
balancing theright of Cree speech against thé advocacy of<br />
violence and terrorism. There are <strong>de</strong>ep and passionate divisions<br />
not just within the opposition parties but within my<br />
own party as well. I am cert.ain these critics would be more<br />
un<strong>de</strong>rstandin~ if the <strong>de</strong>bate l.verein their own home country.<br />
"Some cntics express indignation at the restrictions<br />
imposed by our Anti-Terrorism law on certain types of<br />
speech but they fail to acknowledge that in each of their<br />
own countries there are speciallaws that restrict speech<br />
relating to violence, terrorism or group <strong>de</strong>famation. Not all<br />
of these European laws are neat and sensible and not all of<br />
Europe's history enforcing these laws and combating terrorism<br />
has been exemplary.<br />
"And fmally some critics romanticize the activities of the<br />
PKK and they are som<strong>et</strong>imes called 'guerrillas,'. implying<br />
that they are engaged in some heroic struggle but these critics<br />
ignore the thousands of innocent civilians brutally mur<strong>de</strong>red<br />
by PKK terrorists. They ignore that most of these victims<br />
are of Kurdish origin, including many women and children,<br />
and they ignore the fact that among those targ<strong>et</strong>ed by<br />
the PKK have been teachers and village lea<strong>de</strong>rs solely<br />
because they refuse to support PKK terrorism. This is not,<br />
romantic, it is not heroic, It is vicious cowardly terrorism<br />
and it should be seen as such by every civilized nation.<br />
"Some 'p'oopie hold that more <strong>de</strong>mocratic rights are, per<br />
se, an anMote for terrorism but nothing is furtlier from the<br />
truth. Even in a "perfected" <strong>de</strong>mocracy, if such were attainable,<br />
human dignity can be placed at risk by terrorism.<br />
In<strong>de</strong>ed countries <strong>de</strong>emed "most <strong>de</strong>mocratic" all too often<br />
ex~rience terrorism at its worst.<br />
First there are changes in 21 articles of our constitution,<br />
which have been agreed upon by the main parties. The second<br />
change is the <strong>de</strong>volution of more powers to local<br />
autlwrities. The third change involves freedom of expression.<br />
We must modify our Anti-Terrorism law by abolishing<br />
öfchanging Article 8 un<strong>de</strong>r which highly publicized prosecutions<br />
have been brought against writers, journalists and<br />
aca<strong>de</strong>mics.<br />
'1bese judicial proceedings have been.,agro$.gso~:<br />
of contentIon .. botli at home and abroad. Théymtist aitdW,ill<br />
end. We are striving for a consensus on a carefully crafted<br />
provision that conforms to article 10 of the European con~.<br />
vention of human rights so that the nonviolent expression of'<br />
i<strong>de</strong>as will be protected. '<br />
"Officially, in Turkey there are three minorities, Greek<br />
and Armenian Christians, and Jews. This official minority<br />
status is a legallegacy of the 1923 treaty of Lausanne which<br />
viewed Muslims in the newly formed Turkish Republic as a<br />
whole, and <strong>de</strong>fined minority status strictly to protect the<br />
religious rights of these three groups. But as a unitary<br />
nation-state built from more than twenty <strong>et</strong>hnic backgrounds,<br />
who have compl<strong>et</strong>ely intermingled. no special<br />
privileges have ever been attached to any group beéause of<br />
<strong>et</strong>hnic background, race or geographic location. We are all<br />
first class citizens.<br />
"Among these groups are Kurds ..full citizens of the<br />
Republic, active in every walk of life, living in every region,<br />
and fully integrated 'publicly, privately and politically. The<br />
PKK terrorist campaIgn for separatism can not relate to their<br />
needs or aspirations. In<strong>de</strong>ed, they continue to be the greatest<br />
victims ofPKK brutality.<br />
"Our goal is greater liberty for each and every individual.<br />
For each local administration, greater authority. For each<br />
person, the right to cultural self-expression.<br />
"L<strong>et</strong> me also address the issue of the convicted DEP parliamentarians<br />
that many of our friends here seem to focus<br />
on. It has been suggested on a number of occasions that the<br />
Turkish government should free the DEP parliamentarians<br />
who have been tried and sentenced to various prison terms.<br />
L<strong>et</strong> me be direct: If the govefllll}ent of Turkey had such<br />
authority, Turkey would no longer be a parliamentary<br />
<strong>de</strong>mocracy. It would un<strong>de</strong>rmine and politicize our in<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
judiciary and the rule of law - which are at the foundation<br />
of a <strong>de</strong>mocratic state.<br />
Instead, we will strictly honor their right to appeal, not<br />
o.nly in Turkey,~but also m S~sbourg. And l<strong>et</strong> me empha-<br />
,sIZe that according to the <strong>de</strong>CISion of the courts, they have<br />
not been jailed on account of the i<strong>de</strong>as they expressed but<br />
due t~ their pr~ve~ affiliations with and actions supporting a<br />
terronst orgaruzatIOn.<br />
. "Some of the DEP parliamentarians,are themselves confessing<br />
it in Europe in front of the European fress. In<strong>de</strong>ed,<br />
one of the lea<strong>de</strong>rs said the following, and quote. 'The<br />
movem~nt .which is. carrying out the. armed struggle is<br />
<strong>de</strong>velopmg Its own dIplomacy. We partIcularly are carrying<br />
out these activities. The PKK movement has a diplomacy on<br />
behalf of the party. We are performing this diplomacy.' The<br />
chairman of the Democracy Party which has been closed<br />
down said the following in Vienna on June 7: 'We are the<br />
PKK.'<br />
''We share our frontiers with eight countries which extend<br />
from the Mediterranean - to the Black Sea - to the<br />
Persian Gulf. This is a 'rough neighborhood.' The one solid<br />
rock at the center is Turkey - stable, <strong>de</strong>mocratic, tolerant,<br />
mo<strong>de</strong>m. The map vividly <strong>de</strong>monstrates why the survival of<br />
Turkish <strong>de</strong>mocracy is so remarkable.<br />
"Later this year, the customs union will be befor<strong>et</strong>he<br />
European Parliament. I want to say this to my friends in the<br />
European Parliament: I know of no precise formula or measurement<br />
to weigh the changes and improvements in<br />
Turkey.This is an ongoing process for us, as it is in all<br />
countnes. In making tliis judgement, you must also weigh'<br />
the alternatives: If the customs union is approved, it will<br />
unquestionably accelerate further change in Turkey. It will<br />
stren~then the forces of reform and encourage the large<br />
majonty of Turks who want integration with Europe.<br />
''But)'où .must un<strong>de</strong>rstand that a "nay"vote is bound to<br />
strengthen the hands of rejectionists who tell our citizens<br />
that European bigotry and prejudice against Turks will prevail<br />
re~ardless of what we do - and that Turkey's aspiration<br />
of mtegration will be rejected in any case.<br />
"Europe should also consi<strong>de</strong>r the impact of this historic<br />
<strong>de</strong>cision on its own future. Consi<strong>de</strong>r wliat Turkey has done<br />
for European stability and security in the past - and what<br />
we can do for European prosperity and economic strength,<br />
as well as for its stability and security. in the years and<br />
, <strong>de</strong>ca<strong>de</strong>s ahead.<br />
'The collapse of the Sovi<strong>et</strong> Union has left a security vacuum<br />
throughout this region. There is the danger that the<br />
very complex <strong>et</strong>hnic, cultural and religious mosaic strad.<br />
dling this area may be s<strong>et</strong> with strife and violence. We have<br />
seen the traumatic consequences of this even in the heart of<br />
Europe in Bosnia. This situation has produced a new type of<br />
security dilemma. It cannot be addressed with orthödox<br />
<strong>de</strong>fense or military structures from without. The problem<br />
must tackled from 'within.'<br />
"Our challenge tog<strong>et</strong>her is to bring peace, prosperity and'<br />
security to those areas threatened by a continuatIon of the<br />
<strong>et</strong>hnic, religious, and cultural conflicts and passions of the<br />
'past. The solution, we know, must lie in a policy mix of<br />
economic cooperation, and political and security alliances.<br />
Turkey's unique location, our economic strength, our historic<br />
diversity, and our political and social stability can help<br />
Europe respond to these challenges."<br />
Çiller on Tuesday also urged the Western European<br />
Druon to accept Turkey's full membership to the European<br />
<strong>de</strong>fense organIzation during a WEU review process due to<br />
start in 1996. In a press statement, Çiller recalled that the<br />
organization approved in 1992 a status of associate membership<br />
for Turkey, Norway and Iceland - all NATO allies<br />
but not full members to the European Union.<br />
175
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RZVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASlN ÖZETi<br />
, Complaining that associate membership meant much lés9:<br />
than full meml>ership, Ciller said, "This we find to be somewhat<br />
in~~_Œl£~tible_ wit6. th~ logic and, reguirements of true<br />
partnership IDthe field of secunty and <strong>de</strong>fense.<br />
"Security is indivisible ... Europe cannat afford to keep<br />
Turkey at armS' length in security matters ... We view OUf.<br />
associate membership status in WEU as a transitory phase'<br />
towards full membership."<br />
..•<br />
The prime minister said, "Therefore, 1996 (EU and<br />
. WEU) review conference will be a timely opportunity for<br />
the countries concerned ... to accord Turkey full membership<br />
inWEU." .<br />
Hi2hlights From Ciller Q.A in WEU Assembly,.<br />
• Tn a move to solten the European criticism of Turkey<br />
following State Minister Ayvaz Gök<strong>de</strong>mir's insults to three<br />
female <strong>de</strong>puties of the European Parliament,Çiller said:<br />
'Those <strong>de</strong>~utiesare my menas and I.will not tolerate anyone<br />
being IDsulted." ''My government immediately ma<strong>de</strong> a:<br />
remark distancing itself from the remarks," Çiller said. '<br />
• Saddam Hussein and PKK: The Turkish prime miniS"<br />
ter claimed at one point that Iraqi Presi<strong>de</strong>nt SadClamHussein<br />
supported the outlawed Kurdistan Workers' Party because<br />
Turkey acted against Iraq in the Gtilf War. She ad<strong>de</strong>d that<br />
Turkey's other neighbors supported the PKK for various<br />
oth~.reasons. , . .. . .<br />
;PM Çi1ler:We can'ttolerate<br />
use ofneighboring countries ,<br />
as bases for terrorist attacks'<br />
. ,<br />
Interlerenee: Some factions in PKK are<br />
open. to manipulation by neighboring states.<br />
By tInur Çevik i 'Turkish Daily News , .<br />
PARIS- .Prime Minster Tansu Çiller says Turkeklfl~ot tolerat<strong>et</strong>errorists<br />
infiltrating from neighboring countries and ',' g innocent pepIe<br />
in Turkey, including civilians '~d s.oldie~s,and adds "no country in<br />
Europe .would ~ a blind eye to this eIther if they were targ<strong>et</strong>s of such<br />
aggreSSIOn." . . .<br />
The prime minister, speaking to five journalists who accompanied her<br />
to the French capital where she addressed the parliamentary assembly of<br />
the Western European Union (WEU), reacted to the recent Kurdish separatist<br />
attacks from' Iran and northern Iraq- where sèveral .<br />
Turkish bor<strong>de</strong>r stations were rai<strong>de</strong>d and more than two<br />
dozen soldiers .killed saying "no one and I mean no one<br />
including our neighbors should un<strong>de</strong>restimate our <strong>de</strong>termination<br />
to wipe out the terrorists.". .<br />
Çiller saId th<strong>et</strong>errorist organization, the outlawed,<br />
Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) had beeri reduced tosize<br />
in Turkey and could not launch serious terrorist actions at<br />
home "sothey fled to neighboring countries and are ..<br />
launching terrorist attacks from these places.", .<br />
She SaId the PKK militants who s<strong>et</strong> up bases in northern<br />
I,rag were preparing terrorist actions throughout Turkey<br />
an~ not only in the southeastern parts of the country. "We<br />
entered northern Iraq and dislodged them thus we prevent-.<br />
ed them from launching terrorist attacks," she said. .<br />
The prime minister said the <strong>de</strong>cision to launch a military<br />
incursion into northérn Iraq to wipe out the PKK bases had<br />
,been taken before Turkey signed the entry documents into<br />
European' customs UnIon m early March. 'This <strong>de</strong>cision<br />
showed our strength and our <strong>de</strong>termination to wipe out<br />
'separatist te.rrorism," she <strong>de</strong>clared.<br />
, ''The world was up in arms because we had 'launched<br />
the military operation into northern Iraq because this was<br />
an area where there were rich oil reserves." ,<br />
Asked ta comment about the' recent attacks on the<br />
iraflian and Iraqi bor<strong>de</strong>rs by PKK militants, the pnme nun- '<br />
ist~r sai~ "we ~ave some mtelligence reports that th,e ter-<br />
'ronsts shpped mto Turkey from Iran." However, WIthout<br />
naming Iran or any other country the prime minister<br />
stressed ~'ifpeople come into our country from the outsi<strong>de</strong><br />
and kill ordin~ry civilia~s and our sold~ers eve~yone<br />
should beaware that we wIll not tolerate this. We wIll not'<br />
tolerate anyone who turns a blind eye to this. What<br />
European country would allow such actIon against its .territory?"<br />
The prime minister also said the PKK is factionalized<br />
and hinted that some of these groups may be open to<br />
manipulation by' the neighboring countries. "There are<br />
some factions .which can be controlled by neighboring<br />
states while there are ,others who prefer to act m<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>ntly."<br />
Çiller said there are even alliances with some<br />
PKK factIons and the Hezbollah group. The prime minister<br />
stressed Turkey needs to enhance her intelligence gath-<br />
~ng capabilities to counter the threats levelled against the<br />
country. "We have to concentrate especially on intelli-<br />
.gence gathering activities outsi<strong>de</strong> the country." Çiller also •<br />
~~essed this means b<strong>et</strong>ter cooperation with allied countries<br />
J9r intelligence ga~ering and shari~g. ,<br />
.The pnme mInIster stated all thIS means a reorgamzation<br />
and restructuring of the intelligence gathering apparatus<br />
and this had 'already been started in Turkey.<br />
.. On T~rkey's ties with Europe, the prime minister said<br />
she and her colleagues ma<strong>de</strong> every effort to explain to the<br />
Europeans "that you can't do without us.~' , '<br />
.,'She said if Turkey' fails to enter the cusloms union this "<br />
would be a great loss for the country but a' greater loss for<br />
Europe. Çille~ stressed she was th,e frrst to openly tell the<br />
Euro~ Urnon lea<strong>de</strong>rs "you are a club of ChristIan coun-,<br />
fries' and said she never. gave promises she cannot keep. ,<br />
"I openly told them we will not do anything to help the<br />
PKK, we will not provi<strong>de</strong> special rights to a certairi group<br />
of people" and regarding <strong>de</strong>mocratization "I will'push<br />
hard for reforms but I did not promise anything."<br />
On other domestic issues the primeminister said:<br />
• She is not pessimistic that the constitutional amendments<br />
will clear the Parliament. "We have found 298 votes<br />
for the amendments and I am sure we can g<strong>et</strong> the 300 that<br />
is necessary to push them through Parliament without the<br />
need to refer them to a referendum." She feels there may<br />
be only few True Path Party <strong>de</strong>puties opposing the amendn'1çnts<br />
and voting against them ,out the bulk of the DYP<br />
<strong>de</strong>puties have supported the constitutional Changes.<br />
'. She says she opposes a referendum on the constitutienal<br />
amendments oecause this will be' a loss of valuable<br />
'time for the country "but this does not mean we are scared<br />
of a referendum\!. Çiller s<strong>et</strong> her priorities as: '<br />
"First the passage of the constitutional amendments,<br />
then the p'assage of the seventh five year <strong>de</strong>velopment plan<br />
which wIll give more autonomy and in<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nce to local<br />
administratIons to run their own regions and last but not<br />
least the amendments on Article 8 of the Anti-Terrorism<br />
Law on freedom of expression.' , , ,<br />
• "Throwing away three ,zeros from the Turkish lira is<br />
mI important issue and we should start work on looking at ,<br />
the pros and cons of the issue. To do this we need to a task<br />
force to workon it. We have started this and' or<strong>de</strong>red the<br />
State Plànning Organization to make a preliminarr. study.<br />
It is a matter of tIming and I cannot say we wIll do it<br />
immediately. We are now simply looking mto the viability<br />
of the issue.<br />
, , • "I will convene the cabin<strong>et</strong> soon after r<strong>et</strong>urning to<br />
Turkey and ask the council of ministers to approve the<br />
extension of the mandate of Provi<strong>de</strong> Comfort and the<br />
emergency rule in the southeastern provinces."<br />
'-I<br />
176
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA<br />
STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZET;<br />
Turkisb Daily News WEDNESDAY, JUNE 21, 1995<br />
Kurdish ''parliament-on-theroad"<br />
unable to find new base<br />
Secessionist: Austrian government says it will<br />
neither recognize nor support the "secessionist" group<br />
TurkishDailyNews Austria's objection to the self-styled<br />
ANKARA- Ankara's angry reaction parliament intensified after Y~ar Kaya,<br />
to Amsterdam for not ~reventing the Its "chairman", told a press conference<br />
me<strong>et</strong>ing of a Kurdish' parliament-in- in Vienna that the parliament was the<br />
exile" has ma<strong>de</strong> it difficult for the self- "PKK itself."<br />
styled Kurdish parliament, which aimed Kaya said that he h~p m<strong>et</strong> with the<br />
at me<strong>et</strong>ing in a different country each PKK Lea<strong>de</strong>r Abdullah Ocalan in Bekaa<br />
time, to find a new base.<br />
Valley in the Syrian-controlled part of<br />
Austria, where the Kurdish "parlia- Lebanon after his Democracy Party was '<br />
ment-on-the-road" wanted to me<strong>et</strong> next, closed down. "The Kurdish<br />
has said that it will neither "recognize" Parliament-in-exile is not a body<br />
nor "support" the Kurdish "parliament." overshadowed by the PKK. We are,<br />
The Austrian government's objection through our efforts, the PKK itself,"<br />
was revealed in a l<strong>et</strong>ter by Alois Mock, Kaya was guoted as saying.<br />
the former Austrian foreign minister AlthoUgh Kaya said that his me<strong>et</strong>ings<br />
who resigned last month, to Social with the Austrian Parliament had been<br />
Democrat Party <strong>de</strong>puties. Mock fruitful, his remarks also reflected some<br />
<strong>de</strong>scribed the Kurdish parliament-in- disappointment: "Small European states<br />
exile as a "secessionist body" and support our efforts, but larger states act<br />
expressed support for Turkey in its selfishly due to their im~rial interests<br />
efforts to strengthen its human rights and place their sUPJ.>Ort WIthTurkey."<br />
and <strong>de</strong>mocratic state system.<br />
Turkish and foreIgn observers say the<br />
"Despite the change of foreign minis- remark is due to the cold shoul<strong>de</strong>r the<br />
ters, the views expressed by Mock is self-styled parliament has had from<br />
still our policy," an Austrian diplomat Austria, Germany and Belgium, where<br />
told the Turkish Daily News. they originally planned to me<strong>et</strong>.<br />
"We do not recognize any such body Ankara, for its part, has ma<strong>de</strong> it clear<br />
as a parliament-in-exile. Austria thinks that it was going to pursue a "carrot and<br />
the parliament of Turkey is in Ankara," stick" pohcy toward Europe on the<br />
the diplomat said. , issue of support to Kurdish activists.<br />
"The efforts of the Kurdish parlia- "It is inevitable that the attitu<strong>de</strong> of<br />
ment-in-exile are purely secessionist," cértain countries, who do not show the<br />
Mock said in his l<strong>et</strong>ter. "Austria will necessary sensitivity and <strong>de</strong>termination<br />
neither recognize nor support it." on fighting terrorism, will have a reflec-<br />
Mock said in this l<strong>et</strong>ter that a "politi- tion on these country's relations with<br />
cal solution" meant a dial()gue b<strong>et</strong>ween Turkey," Foreign Ministry spokesman<br />
interested parties or representatives, but Ömer Akbel said last Wednesday,.<br />
the "outlawed Kurdistan Workers' "It is only natural that we will care-<br />
Party (PKK) which systematic~y used fully note the attitu<strong>de</strong> of the countries<br />
terrorism ... could not be conSI<strong>de</strong>red a which cooperate, and make a distinction<br />
counterpart."<br />
b<strong>et</strong>ween the two gtoups."<br />
Asked wh<strong>et</strong>her the lack of support Turkey has placed the N<strong>et</strong>herlands on<br />
and recognition meant that Vienna the military "red list," which means that<br />
would prevent the parliament-in-exile Ankara will not make any <strong>de</strong>fense<br />
from me<strong>et</strong>ing in VIenna, the Austrian industry <strong>de</strong>als in future with this COUlldiplomat<br />
said: "I have had no indication try. Turkish officials maintain that relathat<br />
we will allow them to me<strong>et</strong> in tions with their Dutch counterparts have<br />
Austria."<br />
''yiel<strong>de</strong>d results" and relations can grad-<br />
According to Turkish observers, ually normalize.<br />
KDPseeking<br />
<strong>de</strong>alasPKK<br />
hits from Iran<br />
Shift: Iran seen as new<br />
haven for separatists<br />
<strong>de</strong>spite official <strong>de</strong>nials<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
ANKARA-<br />
As the outlawed Kurdistan<br />
Workers' Party (PKK), which survived<br />
Turkey's March-April massive crossbor<strong>de</strong>r<br />
push in northern Iraq, began hitting<br />
back at Turkish army posts, Ankara<br />
turned angry glares at Iran <strong>de</strong>spite a<br />
stream of assurances from Tehran officials<br />
that the country was not sheltering<br />
separatists attacking Turkey.<br />
Meanwhile the Iraqi Kurds, hard put to<br />
keep the PKK away from the bor<strong>de</strong>r with<br />
theIr own means appeared to have succee<strong>de</strong>d<br />
at last to persua<strong>de</strong> Turkish officials<br />
to hasten the progress for a joint bor<strong>de</strong>r<br />
security arrangement and reinforce it<br />
with resumed politIcal dialogue.<br />
A Turkish foreign ministry <strong>de</strong>legation<br />
wa~ expected to travel to Salahuddin, the<br />
stronghold of the Iraqi Kurdish lea<strong>de</strong>r<br />
Massoud Barzani, to take Ankara's reply<br />
to the Kurdish terms for cooperation Tor<br />
bor<strong>de</strong>r security. The visit was expected to<br />
take place in the coming weeks.<br />
The news of the resuming negotiations<br />
,followed a recent remin<strong>de</strong>r by-Barzani's<br />
Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) officials<br />
that the passing time was working in<br />
the PKK's favor and if more months were<br />
allowed to pass by without any ~ction,<br />
then the IraqI Kurds should not be blamed<br />
for PKK infiltrations in strength from<br />
northern Iraq. .<br />
Kurdish sources said the KDP was<br />
already battling with its meagre means to<br />
keep the bor<strong>de</strong>r safe and that two weeks ago:<br />
the villagers had beaten off PKK attacks on<br />
the 1IHlàges of Sheriak<strong>et</strong>i,. Shabaniy,a and<br />
Tangabângi b<strong>et</strong>ween Zakho and Batufa near<br />
the Turkish bor<strong>de</strong>r.<br />
"This illustrates the value of the s<strong>et</strong>tled<br />
villages for the <strong>de</strong>fense of a bor<strong>de</strong>r with<br />
limited forces," the source said, indicating<br />
that KDP still saw the Turkish permission<br />
for the res<strong>et</strong>tlement of some 350 <strong>de</strong>stroyed<br />
.bor<strong>de</strong>r villages as a key element of the<br />
security arrangement.<br />
. The KDP, controlling the area adjoining<br />
Turkey, was trying to patrol the PKK's<br />
main supply routes and was keeping its<br />
activities un<strong>de</strong>r surveillance wherever it<br />
could, but its officials have told Ankara earlier<br />
that Turkey has to open its purse to arm<br />
and provi<strong>de</strong> a. peshmerga force of at least<br />
20,000 to police the bor<strong>de</strong>r.<br />
177
Besidèthe miiitary meims, the KDP<br />
,sources have been calling for the restoration<br />
of the political dialogue b<strong>et</strong>ween the two ,<br />
.countries toL~eÏf former levels, noting ,that<br />
"it has been two years, since an Iraqi<br />
Kurdish lea<strong>de</strong>r (MassoudBarzani) arrived<br />
'in Turkey and was received by Demirel in<br />
Istanbul.<br />
, The sud<strong>de</strong>n responsiveness of the<br />
Turkish officials to the Iraqi Kurdish calls;<br />
for haste in cooperation followed a spate of<br />
PKK attacks.<br />
As the Turkish security forces concentrated<br />
their summer offensive in the rugged<br />
eastern province of Tunceli against the elusive<br />
PKK militants, the consecutive rebel<br />
attacks against army posts on the Iranian<br />
and Iraqi bor<strong>de</strong>rs showed that the PKK still<br />
had some punch, and more importantly,<br />
seemed to be wresting back the initiative m<br />
their ll-year-old separatist war which<br />
claimed about 16,000 lives so far.' '<br />
The soberingattacks came on JU,ne 16<br />
when strong ~ebel units attacked the Erenler<br />
army post on the Iranianbor<strong>de</strong>r where they<br />
killed five soldiers and woun<strong>de</strong>d six others,<br />
and the Ortaklar gendarme'post on the Iraqi<br />
'bor<strong>de</strong>r near the Iraqi post where they killeâ<br />
two non-commissioned officers 13 soldiers.<br />
'The rebels lost 16 of their numbers iil the<br />
two attacks.<br />
, The suspicions immediately turned to the<br />
PKK rebels g<strong>et</strong>ting entrenched in Iran'<br />
alongsi<strong>de</strong> the bor<strong>de</strong>r. ' ,<br />
A visit to the a~cked post on the Iranian<br />
bor<strong>de</strong>r by Presi<strong>de</strong>llt,Süleymim Demirel an4"<br />
his publicly-aired anger at the preseIfce of.<br />
:PKK separatists in Iran broughta profusion<br />
of <strong>de</strong>nials from Tehran officials. Alaeddin<br />
Brucerdi, the <strong>de</strong>puty Jranian foreign minis-;<br />
,ter on T~sday h~<strong>de</strong>d D~mirel a messag~<br />
from Iranian PreSi<strong>de</strong>nt Ali Akbar Hashemt<br />
Rafsanjani in which he reportedly discount-<br />
'ed any official tolerance of the PKK presence<br />
in Iran. In the message; sent in re~lyto<br />
the one Demirel sent to RlifsanjaIll last<br />
week, the Irani'an presi<strong>de</strong>nt, also reportedly<br />
oppose
REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ~RNISTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZETi<br />
..J~priin: :ms¥~d ~glCy :~~~~J~<br />
remin~ed Ciller a~out. European sensi.tiviti~s<br />
ce wan see ,Y regard10g <strong>de</strong>mocrauzauon anâ human nghts 10<br />
~ said th,e European.u~onwiß ~ .review- Ttil7e~ told reporters on her plane that luppe had<br />
mg the Maastricht T~ 10. Its SUmmIt II! early asked her about the "prospects" of former pro-<br />
1996 and France. which bas the term presI<strong>de</strong>ncy urdi h De P (DEP) d . ",;;.'<br />
of EU bas 'asked Turke 'sviews on this issue. K s m
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
Tehran assures Ankara onfight against PKK terror<br />
Turkish<br />
Daily News<br />
ANKARA- Concerned. about escalatin&<br />
attacks by the outlawed Kurdistan Workers<br />
Party (PKK) frpm Iranian territory, Turkey<br />
has launched a series of diplomatic initiatives<br />
aimed at Tehran and has received a positive<br />
response.<br />
. Iran has assured Turkey that it has the political<br />
will to fight against PKK terrorist activities,<br />
Turkish Foreign Ministry spokesman .<br />
Omer Akbel said on Wednesday.<br />
Akbel told reporters that Mohammed Reza<br />
Bagheri, Iranian ambassador in Ankara, was<br />
summoned to the Foreign Ministry and m<strong>et</strong><br />
with Foreign Minister Erdällnönü on June 17,<br />
one day after'two terrorist attacks hit Turkish<br />
troops on the Iran-Turkey bor<strong>de</strong>r. .<br />
Inonu asked for more effective cooperation<br />
against terrorism.<br />
"On June 19 Presi<strong>de</strong>nt Süleyman Demirel<br />
sent a message to his Iranian counterpart<br />
Hashemi Rafsanjani and reiterated this<br />
re~uest," Akbel said ..<br />
'But even before Demirel's message<br />
reached Rafsanjani, the Iranian presi<strong>de</strong>nt sent<br />
a message with his. Deputy Foreign Minister<br />
Alaaddin Brujerdi to Demirel. .<br />
Foreign Ministry spokesman Ömer Akbel<br />
I<br />
, . "Rafsanjam stressed Tehran's ~olitical will<br />
to improve bilateral relations in his message," the security of both Turkey and Iran. Brujerdi<br />
he ad<strong>de</strong>d.<br />
noted that Tehran was fighting against the<br />
Brujerdi said his country consi<strong>de</strong>red the PKK and was <strong>de</strong>termined toactively support<br />
PKK as a terrorist organization threatening Turkey's struggle as well."We un<strong>de</strong>rstand<br />
THURSDAY, JUNE 22, 1995<br />
us: We don't support in<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nt.<br />
Kurdistan in northern Iraq<br />
us tells Greek Cyprus to<br />
enforce sanctions on Serbs<br />
By Ugur Alanel<br />
Turkish Daily Newss<br />
WASHINGTON- Responding to recent statements<br />
ma<strong>de</strong> to TDN by Eric Rouleau, the former<br />
'French ambassador to Turkey, to the effect that<br />
Operatiori Provi<strong>de</strong> Comfort may be helping the<br />
establishment of an in<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nt Kurdistan in<br />
northern Iraq, a State Department spokesmim<br />
today confirmed the administration's opposition<br />
to such an eventuality. "I am not aware that there<br />
~e any Western countries who favor an in<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
state - at least none of our major allies -<br />
of Kurdistan, and that' s certainly not the direction<br />
in which our own policy is leading us,"<br />
spokesman Nicholas Burns said.<br />
Burns said, "There is no change in our policy<br />
towards Iraq or that portion of Iraq which<br />
inclu<strong>de</strong>s northern Iraq." He said the United<br />
States s~ppûrt'l' the territorial integrity of Iraq but<br />
Saddam Hussein shouldbe held accountable "for.<br />
the welfare of the people in northern Iraq." "<br />
"That's why we have consistently suppoqed<br />
Operation Provi<strong>de</strong> Comfort," Burns continued.<br />
"We were very pleased to see the Turkish government<br />
<strong>de</strong>ci<strong>de</strong> last week that it would extend<br />
Operation Provi<strong>de</strong> Comfort. That remains OUI<br />
core. interest in northern Iraq, to provi<strong>de</strong> protec~<br />
tion for the Kurdish populations of northern Iraq,<br />
and that will remalO the basis of the Uniteil<br />
State's policy."" ,<br />
On another matter, Burns said that the administration<br />
has co~tacted the Greek ~yprio~ g~ve~-<br />
. ment conc<strong>et</strong>nlOg the commercIal actlvltles In'<br />
Cyprus of certam individuals of Russian and<br />
Serbian background that en<strong>de</strong>d up violating the<br />
U.N. sanctions on Serbia.<br />
"We're not pinninß any blame here on the government<br />
of Cyprus,' Burns was careful to point<br />
out, "it's rather directed at individuals in Cyprus<br />
who may, we think, have been involved in transp'ressions<br />
against the sanctions that are in place."<br />
"And we're .concerned about that and we're<br />
plrrsuing it with the gover~l!lef\t of Cyprus<br />
because we expect, of course, that the govem~<br />
ment of Cyprus can bring SOmeauthority to bear<br />
on these particular individuals." he condudM<br />
Turkey's sensitivity on the issue of bor<strong>de</strong>r<br />
security. We are ready to improve our cooperation<br />
andtake necessary measures on our<br />
part," the Iranian official told reporters after<br />
his official talks on Tuesday. .<br />
Meanwhile, as part of cooperation on security<br />
issues b<strong>et</strong>ween Iran and Turkey, Gulam<br />
Hussein Bulandian, Iran's <strong>de</strong>puty interior<br />
minister, visited Ankara last weck to attend a<br />
high security cominission me<strong>et</strong>ing, a mechan~sm<br />
s<strong>et</strong> up in ,1992,.b<strong>et</strong>ween the two countries.<br />
:<br />
Bulandian told his Turkish counterpart<br />
Bekir Aksoy that Tehran was ready for fuither<br />
.cooperation to combat terrorism. It was<br />
announced after the commission meçting ,.that<br />
Turkey and Iran would launch coordinated<br />
operations against PKK militants. But no<br />
<strong>de</strong>tails were gIven.<br />
Iran showed that it would not allow the<br />
issue to turn into a subject of tension with<br />
Turkey, diplomatic sources told the Turkish<br />
Daily News on Wednesday.<br />
"Iran has quickly ma<strong>de</strong> effective moves to<br />
prevent a possible crisis with Turkey. The last<br />
thing Tehran'wants the~e days is a crisis with<br />
Ankara.<br />
, Iran gave a strong message to Ankara, saying<br />
that relations With Turkeyare very important<br />
for Tehran and that it is handling the<br />
PKK issue with <strong>de</strong>termination," the sources<br />
noted. .<br />
_ Turkish Daily News<br />
PKK chief thanks<br />
Kadhafi for support<br />
Agence France Presse<br />
TRIPOLI<br />
- The lea<strong>de</strong>r of Turkey's<br />
outlawed separatist Kurdistan<br />
Workers' Party (PKK) has thanked<br />
Libyan lea<strong>de</strong>r Moamer Kadhafi for his<br />
support, the official.news agency<br />
JANA reported Wednesday.<br />
. "We are proud of your principled<br />
stand toward the cause of our people.<br />
This stand will be engr~.ved in our<br />
minds," said Abdullah Ocalan in a<br />
written message to Kadhafi.<br />
Colonel Kadhafibacked the PKK's<br />
campaign to s<strong>et</strong> up an in<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
Kurdisli state, after a Turkish anny<br />
.offensive in March and April against<br />
separatist guerrilla bases 10 northern<br />
Iraq.<br />
'The Turkish operation in northern<br />
Iraq was part of a plot hatched by<br />
Western countries against the Kurds<br />
and theArab world aImed at dominatipg<br />
the peoples of the, region," wrote<br />
Ocalan." ..- .;,'<br />
180
REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ~RMSTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZET;<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
FRIDA Y, JUNE 23, 199~<br />
The cost olDEP<br />
closure was high<br />
The closure of the pro-Kurdish<br />
DemOcracyPm:tY(DEP) and the jailing<br />
of its members have all turned out to<br />
be grand mistakes committed by the<br />
Turkish gov<strong>et</strong>nment, which is now trying to<br />
salvage som<strong>et</strong>hingfrom theruins. .<br />
At the time, former Chief of Staff Gen.<br />
Dolan Gürel} had encouraged Prime<br />
Minister Tansu Ciller to throw the DEP<br />
<strong>de</strong>puties out of Parliament and silence the<br />
pro-Kurdish voicein the house.<br />
Ciller went out of h~r way to oblige Güre,<br />
and the Parliament voted at first to lift .the<br />
immunities ohome DEP <strong>de</strong>puties who were<br />
immediatelyjailed. '<br />
Soon after, the Constitutional Court closed<br />
down the DEP and thus all the remaining<br />
<strong>de</strong>puties lost théir seats in Parliament. But<br />
just before the supreme court <strong>de</strong>cision, other<br />
DEP <strong>de</strong>puties who realized they too could be<br />
jailed simply fled to' European countries<br />
where they are nowliving in exile..<br />
Later the DEP <strong>de</strong>puties were convicted on<br />
charges of being part of a terrorist organiza~<br />
tion, namely the Kurdistan Workèrs' Parly<br />
(PKK) ..<br />
What has happened since has amounted to<br />
an~phillstruggle for Turkey. .<br />
The six former DEP <strong>de</strong>puties' who are living<br />
in exile are<br />
d<br />
playing havoc with<br />
e<br />
Turkey's interests<br />
in the West. They itorial<br />
are appearing<br />
before various<br />
forums and fueling<br />
anti-TÜrkish sentiment.<br />
They were at the<br />
...• ß.\ir,<br />
Western' European ~"i'1\t.~")<br />
""'. ;...•.<br />
f " .,<br />
.Îi.<br />
',;J"d" (<br />
Union Assembly<br />
where Prime<br />
Minister Ciller<br />
ma<strong>de</strong> her address<br />
on Tuesday. They<br />
are active at the<br />
E u r o' pea n'<br />
Parliament and By lInur<br />
the Council of<br />
Europe.<br />
Çevik<br />
Instead of being<br />
regar<strong>de</strong>d as terrorist collaborators they are<br />
8:ccepted~ "victims of racism" and poOrpar- .<br />
hamen.tanans who have been <strong>de</strong>nied their<br />
.basic rights ...<br />
This is the core reason why the Europeai1<br />
Parliament has turned against us and is<br />
blocking our membership in the customs<br />
union. The plight of the DEP <strong>de</strong>puties has<br />
becomé a major obstacle in our relations<br />
with. pr8:cticallyevery parliament in Europe<br />
and lt will be very hard to undo this.<br />
rurkey faces'a dilemma in this area which<br />
it cannot solve. It cannot simply change its<br />
laws and free the DEP <strong>de</strong>puties because the<br />
Parliament will never accept such changes.<br />
Even üthis was done the government would<br />
~ accuse~of "treason".by certain influential<br />
ëir1:lesand' itcannot;afford this at pres'ent.<br />
So we are left with the problem of having to<br />
brave the waves of criticism levelled at us<br />
from all quarters in Europe and also balance<br />
this with the ultra-conservatism that runs<br />
the country. The price paid for the DEP<br />
adventure has been too heavy...<br />
-------_._-----------------------_._-----_.~._---_._--"---- -....- ...--------<br />
L'Humanité • 23 juin 1995<br />
Grève en Thrquie<br />
P<br />
LUS.<br />
<strong>de</strong>. cinq cent mille<br />
fonctionnaires turcs ont<br />
observé un arrêt <strong>de</strong> travail.<br />
mercredi pour réclamer le droit<br />
<strong>de</strong> grève <strong>et</strong> la mise en place <strong>de</strong><br />
négociations collectives.<br />
Les manifestants ont dansé<br />
dans les rues, <strong>de</strong> la capitale<br />
turque, provoquant <strong>de</strong> gigantesques<br />
embouteillages. Le jour<br />
même, l'Assemblée nationale<br />
avait rej<strong>et</strong>é un amen<strong>de</strong>ment<br />
constitutionnel prévoyant le<br />
droit pour les travailleurs <strong>de</strong><br />
participer aux discussions salariales.<br />
La Constitution particulièrement<br />
réactionIlaire <strong>de</strong> 1982, imposée<br />
par les militaires après leur<br />
coup d'Etat <strong>de</strong> 1980, est consi~<br />
rée comme un <strong>de</strong>s obstacles à la<br />
démocratisation du pays.<br />
Sa réforme est réclamée par la<br />
population, mais aussi par les<br />
institutions européennes : l'Assemblée<strong>de</strong><br />
Strasbourg exige une<br />
modification complète <strong>de</strong>s institutions<br />
turqueS, notamment dans<br />
le domaine <strong>de</strong>s libertés <strong>et</strong>. <strong>de</strong>s<br />
droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme, av~nt d'approuwr<br />
l'union douanière prévue<br />
pour janvier 1995 avec la<br />
Turquie.<br />
Le premier ministre turc,<br />
MoYTansu Ciller, avait promis<br />
que la' Constitution serait rapi<strong>de</strong>ment<br />
amendée. De toute évi<strong>de</strong>nce,<br />
M'" Ciller a du mal à tenir<br />
c<strong>et</strong>te promesse qu'elle a pourtant<br />
renouvelée mardi à <strong>Paris</strong> lQrs <strong>de</strong><br />
ses rencontres avec Alain Juppé<br />
<strong>et</strong> Jacques Chirac, en marge<br />
d'une réunion <strong>de</strong> l'UEo.<br />
Forte du soutien <strong>de</strong> Washington,<br />
qui fait pression en fawur<br />
d'une admission rapi<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> la<br />
Turquie dan~"Union européenne,<br />
elle a maintenu sa politique<br />
<strong>de</strong> force à l'égard <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>et</strong><br />
brandi la menace d'une victoire<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'intégrisme si les Européens<br />
ne se montraient pas assez<br />
compréhensifs.<br />
FRANÇOISE<br />
GERMAIN-ROBIN<br />
~-----------_._---<br />
----------~------------------------------'<br />
181
REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ~RNISTA<br />
STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZETi<br />
18 Turkish Probe June 23,1995<br />
Human Bights Diary<br />
IHO report: No Improvement In human rights In<br />
Turkey- April and May saw no improvement in the human<br />
rights situation in Turkey, according to a Human Rights<br />
Association (IHO) report released on June 40. Execution without trial,<br />
torture or time spent in custody resulted in the <strong>de</strong>ath of 20 people over<br />
the two-month period, according to the report. Also, there were 14 unsolved<br />
killings during April and May and 26 people went missing while in custody, the<br />
report says. The number of "criminals of thought" in prison is given as 157. The<br />
IHO document notes that "criminals of thought" were fined TL 6 billion and the total<br />
léngth of prison sentences of the 157 <strong>de</strong>tainees is 66 years. The reports also indicates<br />
that 50 books and publications were confiscated in the period arid that 75 individuals from the<br />
media were taken into custody. The number of villages burned down and evacuated was 29,<br />
according to the report. Also, 20 police raids were organized on associations, 'unions, and publishing<br />
houses and 22 bomb attacks were carried out. The IHO's document claims that eight associations,<br />
foundations and publishing houses were closed do~n in the two-month period. Speaking at a press conference<br />
on Tuesday, Akm Birdal, the chairmanof the IHO, said the association was un<strong>de</strong>r increased pressure.<br />
He also criticized the <strong>de</strong>portation of intemational human rights' association members from Turkey, refe~ring<br />
to Amnesty International's representative, Helmut Oberdiek, who had to leave the country on June 12.<br />
With respect to the <strong>de</strong>bates on constitutional amendments, Birdal said the planned changes were not an a<strong>de</strong>.<br />
quate respons<strong>et</strong>o Turkey's needs. "The 1982 Constitution should be changed as a whole. The planned<br />
changes would not be a step toward a rea! shake up of the legal structurenor would they be a step toward<br />
<strong>de</strong>mocratization," said Birdal. The IHD lea<strong>de</strong>r continued that while the <strong>de</strong>bates on constitutional amendments<br />
continued, the authorities should be more sensitive to the civil servants and workers who staged a sit-in<br />
protest in Ankara to <strong>de</strong>mand the right to collective bargaining negotiations and to strike. "The natural result of<br />
being a <strong>de</strong>mocratic and opeÄ soci<strong>et</strong>y is thé establishment of <strong>de</strong>mocratic controls on the army and the bureaucraêy,"<br />
ad<strong>de</strong>d the chairman. (Turkish Daily News, June 21)<br />
Interster TV news :coordlnator taken Into custody- Ardan Zenturk, news coordinator of the Interstar TV<br />
channel, was taken into custody by police for questioning about a program on the attack against Professor<br />
Yuda Yürüm, an aca<strong>de</strong>mic and lea<strong>de</strong>r of Ankara's small Jewistfcommunity, who 'was'slightly injured in a car<br />
bombing in Ankara on June 7, the Anatolia news agency reported on June 16. During the pr6gJ:8l11lsm<strong>et</strong><br />
Calisir claimed responsibilityfor the attack and also confessed to having taken part in mur<strong>de</strong>qlild having<br />
caused bodily harm.,After the program six people, including Interstar announcer $eyda Açlkol and reporter<br />
Nafiz Akyüz, were taken ,into custody. (Turkish Daily News, June 17)<br />
Pollee officers on triai for 'mur<strong>de</strong>r- A criminal court in Istanbul's KadIkOy district has started to hear the<br />
case against 19 police officersch!irged with killing four people in a raid on a house. One of the <strong>de</strong>ad was<br />
Sabahat Karatai, the wife of Our=sunKaratai wh9-""as the leaçler of the outlaw!3d Revolutionary Left (Dev-Sol),<br />
the Anatolia news age'1CYrèported oil ~U;,e 15. The court <strong>de</strong>ci<strong>de</strong>d, for sec~rity reasons, to have a closed trial.<br />
Special sec,urity measures ~ave peen taken by Istanbul police a!lq ar~nd: ~OOsuspects have been taken into<br />
custody. These inclu<strong>de</strong> OIÇay M~f81of,Özgür Gelecek magazine and Gülmisar Baiar of the New Democrat<br />
, Youth magazine, secuiity offiç.als Said. Sevè'nteÈln lawY~rs'from Germany, England, Greece and the<br />
,~therlands were presen~ as obs~rvers. The press was banned from,the court. (Turkish Daily News, June 16)<br />
Helsinki Watch suspends activities In Turkey- The renowned human rights watchdog group Helsinki<br />
Watch has announced that it is süspending its activities in Turkey, the Analolta news agency reported on June<br />
'16. Anatolia cited a statement from Helsinki Watchissued by the Turkish Human Rights Foundation which<br />
. said that the <strong>de</strong>cision was based on a long statement ~"ven to the press r~cently by Interior Minister Nahit<br />
Menteie when he receiveda':l official from the New Y rk-based organization in Ankara. The statement,<br />
quoted by Anatolia, reported remarks by Mente~e, hen he was receiving Helsinki Watch official .<br />
Christopher Panico. Mente~e reportedly announced that Helsinki Watcn supported Turkey's fight<br />
against separatist terrorism. Anatolia said these statements were the, reason the organization<br />
<strong>de</strong>ci<strong>de</strong>d to suspend activities in Turkey. Mente~e had told reporters'just priQr to the mê<strong>et</strong>ing<br />
that Panico had arrived in' An1
US Congress <strong>de</strong>bates' ongoing genoci<strong>de</strong> ofKurds'<br />
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SAtuRDAY, JUNE 24,1995 ~,<br />
S<strong>et</strong>ting their sites: Porter, Gekas, Pallone, Visclosky The act forbids any ~ov.e~ent-to-gove~ent direct<br />
oo 0.c. 0<br />
Tu k d Az<br />
°dbOll transfer of U.S. humamtartan aid to Azerbaijan. Pallone<br />
targ<strong>et</strong> r ey an erb aIJan In J.oreIgnaI, 1 did not mention that 20 percent of Azeri territory is cur-<br />
Turlcish Daily News . said. However, Porter said he was pleased with the $15 rently un<strong>de</strong>r Armeni8!l ~upation.~ Armenian attacks<br />
WASHINGTON- The U.S. House ofRepresentatlves million the bill is extending to Greek Cyprus for bicdm- have created over lmIllion AzerbaijanI refugees.<br />
today saw y<strong>et</strong> another tira<strong>de</strong> about the sO-called"ongoing munal projects.. A IDN source said that what Porter has P<strong>et</strong>er 1. Viscl~ ~Im:.oo $8Ïdbe"was "extremely~ '<br />
genoci<strong>de</strong> ~f Ku~ds" in Tu~ey during the ~ous~ <strong>de</strong>bate in ~nd is to leave FMF alone ~ suggest a $25 mill!0n distu~" bY"the provision of the bill th~t would "gut<br />
over th~ Foreign OperatlO.ns! Expo~Fmanc~~g and cut 10 ESF to Turkey, countmg on the cost-cuttmg [Sectionl900. .<br />
Related Programs Appropnatlons Bill, 1996, (H.R. instincts of this Republican Congress. Since ESF are cash He wd the ~reedom Su~rt Act ?nly banned di~t<br />
1868), thanks to Rep. John Edward Porter (R-IL), George transfers the Congress would be more willing to reduce governmental aid to,Azerbaljan and ,did not prevent po-<br />
W. Gekas (R-PA), FrankPallone Jr.(D-NJ) and P<strong>et</strong>er 1. ESF tha1i FMF the source said. Vale groupsfrom' transferring similar humanitarian aid to<br />
Visclosky (D-IN). ' ' Frank Pallo~e Jr. (D-NJ) targ<strong>et</strong>ed the "humanitarian aid Azerbaijan. ' ,<br />
The U.S. legislators h,ad an hour-long <strong>de</strong>bate ôn the corridor act" section of the bilf and asked ~ the amend- As of March 31, 1995, Azerbaijan had received $61.8<br />
bill, witl,tout intra
REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ~RNISTA<br />
STAMPA.DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZETÎ<br />
Turkish DailyNeivs .<br />
SAnJRDAY.1UNE 24.1995<br />
Turkey removes. .<br />
N<strong>et</strong>herlands from'red<br />
list' of arms suppliers<br />
'Iinprovements in' cooperation<br />
against terrorism' prompts. .<br />
'Ankara's <strong>de</strong>cision as 'Dutch<br />
:àre keen' tosell frigatesand<br />
marine aircraft to.Turkey<br />
By Ümit Enginsoy<br />
. 'TurlcishDailyNews . .... .<br />
. ANKARA- Turkey said on F~dal thatit had remoyed<br />
the N<strong>et</strong>herlands from a "red lIst .of arms supplymg<br />
.countries from which Anka~a. h~4 pl~dged not to buy<br />
.\tèäponf\ltie to rows' ôVe't the' Kurilishlssue. .. •<br />
.. ,.1~)(éyi ànd' th.e.'N<strong>et</strong>h~rlands. h~Vël~ache~. lin~~oye~<br />
'ments ln cooperation against terronsm, . a semor Türkish<br />
'diplomatic source said.. . , . " . .<br />
. . "Our <strong>de</strong>cision (to take the N<strong>et</strong>herlands off the ~ ~st)<br />
is. an outcomè.of these im'provements/' the.Turkish<br />
'source said, without elabOrating. ..' .' "<br />
'The announcement follows a senes of technical me<strong>et</strong>-.<br />
:ings b<strong>et</strong>ween TurkiSh and Dutch teams t~ increase coop;<br />
eration in J!ghtin~theout!awedi:Kurd~staIl 'Yorkers '.<br />
Party, or PKK.,which is.wagmg a.separatist war n,t southeäs~m::l~n.APrili6ii<br />
wôùld stop all.new military<br />
purchases from the N<strong>et</strong>herlands hi res,p!)ns<strong>et</strong>o the Dutch.<br />
government's po~cy towards 'aK~rdi.sh governinent-inexile<br />
establishedln The ,Hague e.arher In t!te month. ..<br />
. The N<strong>et</strong>herlands said at the time thaUts.legal system<br />
did not provi<strong>de</strong> any méài1Sofban~ingthe. me<strong>et</strong>ing by<br />
separatist Kurds as long as theydId not VIolate Dutch<br />
laws.<br />
'.<br />
.. But analysts now suggest that the N<strong>et</strong>herlands, which<br />
has apparently eaSed its stance in Turkey's favor, may<br />
nave promised that such a Kurdish me<strong>et</strong>ing would not<br />
'take place in that COUntryagain. " . . .<br />
Défense sourcessaid the N<strong>et</strong>herlands is keen to take<br />
'part in Turkey's two major <strong>de</strong>fense projects to acquire.<br />
frigates and. marine aircraft for its navy. ''This situation<br />
is'likely to have prompted the Dutchto mend ties with<br />
~theTurks," one source said., . .' . .<br />
". Turkey plans to buy eight frigates, a <strong>de</strong>al wQrth<br />
b<strong>et</strong>ween $2 billion and $3 billion, and the conten<strong>de</strong>rs<br />
)nclu<strong>de</strong> companies from the N<strong>et</strong>herlands, the United<br />
:States, Germany, Britain, France. Canada and Spain. .<br />
Ankara also plans to purchase at least five marine air:<br />
craft and the Dutch Fokker wants to win the <strong>de</strong>al.<br />
Turkey's April ban did not cover equipment.already<br />
or<strong>de</strong>red from the N<strong>et</strong>herlands. The Dutch were supplying<br />
Turkey with casings for grena<strong>de</strong>s. and electronics for<br />
radar, <strong>de</strong>fense sources said.<br />
. Turkey also boughtmilitarygoodsworth about $22<br />
. inillion, mainly parts for tanks, from the N<strong>et</strong>herlands<br />
b<strong>et</strong>ween 1987-and 1994, according to Reuters. , '.<br />
. Turkey's red list now inclu<strong>de</strong>s Switzerland, Swe<strong>de</strong>n,<br />
Austria, South Africa and NATO-allies Norway and<br />
Denmark, which all have banned arms exports to Ankara<br />
in criticism of Turkish policies on the Kurdish issue. . .<br />
Turkey DOwinclu<strong>de</strong>s the N<strong>et</strong>herlands on a "yellow.<br />
list". of countries from which arms purchases are "nol<br />
stable." These states are consi<strong>de</strong>red on a case-by-case<br />
basis for participatipn in military ten.<strong>de</strong>rs an~ procurements.<br />
Other countries'on theyeIlowhst are Fmland and<br />
NATO-allies Germany, Belgium and Luxembourg. .<br />
Ankara also recalled its ambassador in The Ha~e in<br />
an angry reaction to the Kurdish presence 10 the<br />
N<strong>et</strong>herlands. But Turkish diplomatic sources said ambassador<br />
Zeki Çelikkol' s r<strong>et</strong>urn is now imminent in the light<br />
of the positive <strong>de</strong>velopments.. .'. .,<br />
.The TurkS and the Dutch have ties that go hack for ,<br />
c~n~ries and they had be
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
LE PREMIER MINISTRE-nlRC A PARIS<br />
Les beaux yeux<br />
<strong>de</strong> Tansu Ciller<br />
Entre <strong>Paris</strong> <strong>et</strong> Ankara,<br />
l'ère du soupçon<br />
est finie.<br />
.ansu Ciller, le premier<br />
Y ministre . turc, est<br />
contente <strong>de</strong> sa visite à <strong>Paris</strong>,<br />
le 2Q juin: Jacques Chirac <strong>et</strong><br />
Alain Juppé ont reconnu publiql4ement<br />
auprès d'elle la<br />
«voc~tion européenne»- <strong>de</strong><br />
Son pàys. Echange <strong>de</strong> bons<br />
pr()Çédés : Mme Ciller a<br />
exprimé sa «compréhension»<br />
<strong>de</strong>vant la reprise <strong>de</strong>s<br />
essais nuéléair~s français<br />
dans le Pacifique ..<br />
On est loin <strong>de</strong>s tensions<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'ère Mitterrand, quand<br />
<strong>Paris</strong> prenait systématiquement<br />
position contre Ankara<br />
au nom <strong>de</strong>s causes arménienne<br />
<strong>et</strong> kur<strong>de</strong>. Non pas que<br />
<strong>Paris</strong> rem<strong>et</strong>te en question sa<br />
politique <strong>de</strong> défense <strong>de</strong>s<br />
droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme : Alain<br />
Juppé a indiqué qu'il ne soutiendra<br />
l'idée d'une présence<br />
turque aux futurs Conseils<br />
européens que dans la mesure<br />
où <strong>de</strong>s «gestes» seront<br />
consentis en faveur <strong>de</strong> certains<br />
opposants. Notamment<br />
d~s huit membres kur<strong>de</strong>s du<br />
.parlement turc condamnés en<br />
décembre 1994 à <strong>de</strong>s peines<br />
<strong>de</strong> prison, pour leur «soutien»<br />
au mouvement <strong>de</strong> guérilla<br />
PKK.<br />
Mais d'un préjugé défavorable,<br />
<strong>Paris</strong> est passé à<br />
une attitu<strong>de</strong> beaucoup plus<br />
confiante envers le plus occi<strong>de</strong>ntalisé<br />
<strong>de</strong>s pays musulmans.<br />
Une évolution qui a<br />
commencé en fait dès le<br />
mois <strong>de</strong> mars <strong>de</strong>rnier, sous<br />
le gouvernement Balladur :<br />
en sa qualité <strong>de</strong> prési<strong>de</strong>nt semestriel<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'Union européenne,<br />
la France a alors<br />
contribué à une signature rapi<strong>de</strong><br />
<strong>de</strong> l'union douanière<br />
euro-turque, en dépit d'une<br />
campagne d'obstruction menée<br />
par la Grèce.<br />
Le début <strong>de</strong>s années<br />
quatre-vingt-dix a semblé<br />
marqué, pour Ankara, une<br />
ouverture diplomatique <strong>et</strong><br />
économique sans précé<strong>de</strong>nt:<br />
la Turql!ie s'imposait<br />
comme 'un -partenaire <strong>de</strong><br />
premier pla,n pour le Caucase<br />
<strong>et</strong> l'Asie centrale exsoviétiques,<br />
mais aussi pour<br />
toute l'Europe du Sud-Est.<br />
Cinq ans plus tard, la situation<br />
est re<strong>de</strong>venue plus difficile<br />
: la Russie réaffirme<br />
son rôle ; le conflit bosniaque<br />
a ravivé les antagonismes<br />
entre musulmans <strong>et</strong><br />
chrétiens orthodoxes.<br />
Plus que jamais, la Turquie<br />
a donc besoin <strong>de</strong> l'Europe.<br />
Et en Europe même,<br />
d'un truchement.<br />
Stéphane Trano<br />
A.:.:F .. p.::.-
REVUE DE PRESSE.PRESS REVIEW.BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ.RlVISTA STAMPA.DENTRO DE LA PRENSA.BASIN ÖZETÎ<br />
26 juin 1995 ASSEMBLl!E NATIONALE<br />
2801<br />
RÉPONSES DES MINISTRES<br />
AUX QUESTIONS<br />
ÉCRITES<br />
. . Politiques commurulutllim<br />
(commn't~ txtr4-commurulUtlli" - Turqui~ - union douanim -<br />
droits <strong>de</strong> l'hom~)<br />
26731. - 2 mai 19.95. - M. Georges Hage attire l'attention <strong>de</strong><br />
.M. le ministre <strong>de</strong>s ~ies &rangères sur la situation <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
en Turquie. Un parlementaire kur<strong>de</strong> du DIn> en exil lui a fait part<br />
le 7 févrie.r <strong>de</strong>rni~r ~e la situation dans son pays,. <strong>et</strong> notamment <strong>de</strong>;<br />
la rt!presslOn qUI s accentue contre les. populations <strong>et</strong> les dt!mo-.<br />
crates kur<strong>de</strong>s. La: rt!cente <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> mise en détention i:<br />
l'encontre du romilncier turc Yachar Kemal, accUsé <strong>de</strong> Cl propa-.:<br />
gan<strong>de</strong> séparatiste l>, ne fait' que confirmer ce consm. C<strong>et</strong>te situa':,<br />
tion est d'ailleurs désormais connue <strong>de</strong> l'opinion internationale. La'<br />
Turquie est 'engagée dans <strong>de</strong>s négociations avec l'Union euro-:<br />
péenne afin <strong>de</strong> conclure une union douanière. La France, qui<br />
assure la prési<strong>de</strong>nce du Conseil européen jusqu'en juin procham,'<br />
se doit <strong>de</strong> peser <strong>de</strong> tout. son poids économique' <strong>et</strong> politique pour:<br />
s'opposer i l'entrée' en vigueur <strong>de</strong> 1'4nion douanière entre la' Tur~<br />
quie <strong>et</strong> la Communauté europhnne aussi longtemps que les DroitS,<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'homme.<strong>et</strong> l'Eta~ <strong>de</strong> droit, ne seront pas respectés dans ce pays;<br />
que les prisonniers politiques ne seront pas libérés <strong>et</strong> que le gou-'<br />
vernementturc refusera <strong>de</strong> rechercher, notamment avec la popula-.'<br />
. don kur<strong>de</strong> <strong>et</strong> ses représentants, une solution démocratique <strong>et</strong> ~aci-'<br />
fique aux différends qui les opposent. La lutte contre l'intégrisme,<br />
ne saurait servir <strong>de</strong> prétexte pour diligenter l'union douanière,<br />
comme tente <strong>de</strong> le faire croire le gouvernement turc; il s'agit en<br />
l'espèce d'un problème totalement différent. Aussi il lui <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>'<br />
ce que compte entreprendre prochainement la France pour!<br />
prendre en considération ces principes dans .les négociations douanières<br />
avec le. gouvernement turc. '<br />
Répons~. - L'~onorable parlementaire a bien voulu appeler<br />
l'attention du ministre <strong>de</strong>s affaires étrangères sur la, situation <strong>de</strong>s<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>s en Turquie. La question kur<strong>de</strong> est un suj<strong>et</strong> sensible. La<br />
France <strong>et</strong> ses partenaires européens sont intervenus en tOUtes oc;casions<br />
sur ce suj<strong>et</strong> auprès <strong>de</strong>s autorités turques. Cependant, les Etats<br />
membres <strong>de</strong> l'Union n'ont pas voulu rem<strong>et</strong>tre en cause la négociation<br />
du proj<strong>et</strong> d'union douanière avec la Turquie, convaincus'que<br />
le rapprochement <strong>de</strong> ce pays avec l'Europe serait pour lui un puis-,<br />
sant facteur d'évolution <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> démocratisation. Le nouveau gouvernement<br />
turc, constitué le 27 mars ~ la suite <strong>de</strong> la fusion <strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong>ux<br />
partis sociaux-démocrates, a inscrit comme priorité du protocole<br />
, (le coalition l'accélération <strong>de</strong> la libéralisation <strong>de</strong>s institutions. La<br />
, France, comme ses partenaireS européens, restera. vigilante sur les.<br />
engage~ents pris par la Turquie <strong>de</strong> se conformer aux p~iQcipes du'<br />
~~s~i1 d~ 'l'Europe <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> mèner ~ bien les proj<strong>et</strong>s <strong>de</strong> rt!forme'<br />
constitutionnelle <strong>et</strong> législative avant la fin <strong>de</strong> l't!té. Le gouvernement<br />
turc est ~ c<strong>et</strong> égard conscient que seule l'adoption rapi<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />
mesures concrètes en faveur <strong>de</strong> la démocratie <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong><br />
l'homme perm<strong>et</strong>tra d'obtenir l'avis conforme du Parlement européen<br />
sur l'accord d'union douanière. . , '<br />
Politiqu~ dtlritur~ .<br />
(Turquj~ - droits <strong>de</strong> l'hom~ - Kur<strong>de</strong>s)<br />
26787. - 8 mai 1995. - M. Jacques Brunhes attire l'attenpon<br />
<strong>de</strong> M. le ministre <strong>de</strong>s affaires étrangères sur la dégradation <strong>de</strong> la<br />
.situation<strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme en Turquie. En eff<strong>et</strong>, alors que les<br />
forces <strong>de</strong> sécurité responsables d'un grand nombre d'assassinats<br />
politiques '<strong>et</strong>, <strong>de</strong> disparitions continuent <strong>de</strong> bénéficier d'une<br />
compfète immunité, la liberté d'expression est bafouée, dés journalistes,<br />
<strong>de</strong>s personnalités politiques, <strong>de</strong>s écrivains' <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s membres<br />
d'associations <strong>de</strong> défense <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme sont harcelés <strong>et</strong><br />
'traduits <strong>de</strong>vant <strong>de</strong>s cours <strong>de</strong> s(1r<strong>et</strong>é <strong>de</strong> l'Etat. Quant ~ la torture;<br />
malgré It condamnation du comité Contre la tortute <strong>de</strong> l'Europe<br />
,<strong>et</strong>llu çomité <strong>de</strong>s Nations unies, elle continue d'être très largement<br />
pratiquée, y compris .~ l'encontre <strong>de</strong> jeunes adoies~~ts.Dans la<br />
partie <strong>de</strong> Kurdistan sous contrôle turc, <strong>de</strong>s villages' entièrs sont<br />
(lécimés <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> nomb~euses personnes tuées par les forces gouverne-<br />
'!1en~es e~ les guér!"eros du PKK, ce qui comprom<strong>et</strong> la possibi-<br />
, Ilté d étab!lr une paiX durabl.e dans le Kurdistan. Dans sa réponse<br />
~ la questl0':l !'O 24 340 p~e dans le Journal officiel du 20 mars<br />
1995. le ministre déclarait: «Le Gouvernement turc, conscient<br />
qu'une amélioration <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme est indispensable ~ UI1<br />
, rapprochement avec l'Europe, s'est engagé ~ m<strong>et</strong>tre en œuvre un<br />
~r?gra~me <strong>de</strong> démocratisation. ~ A.l'heure actuelle, aucune dispo-<br />
,sltlon Vls;mt ~ lu~er contre la ~ratlque lar&ement répandue <strong>de</strong> la<br />
torture n a été mise en œuvre nt même enVisagée. Au lieu <strong>de</strong> faire'<br />
face ~ la .réalité <strong>de</strong> ces violations conStatées par un ßrand nombré<br />
,<strong>de</strong> té~olns, le Gouvernement turc. a choisi la politique du<br />
dém~ntl, en affirmant qu~ ces violations ont été commises par <strong>de</strong>s<br />
gué~,lleros portant <strong>de</strong>s uniformes <strong>de</strong> soldat ou encore que les villa-<br />
'~eols 0':lt ~r1l..Iéleurs pr~~res m,aisons dans l'espoir d'obtenir les,<br />
m<strong>de</strong>mmsatlons. Une mission d experts <strong>de</strong> la OSeE <strong>de</strong>vrait sc<br />
ren~re en ~urquie .afin d'y enquêter sur la torture <strong>et</strong> les entraves ~<br />
l~ !tberté ~ expression, <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> formuler <strong>de</strong>s recommandations pré-<br />
,CISes. Il lUI <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> qùelles mesures concrètes.i1 cOmpte prendre<br />
afin que la France; ad?pt~ une position officielle rappelant au Gou-,<br />
ve~nement turc 1?b!tgatlon <strong>de</strong> respecter les engagements qu'il a<br />
prtS dans le domaine du ~pect <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme <strong>et</strong>, qu'il se<br />
(!éclare prêt ~ recevoir la mission <strong>de</strong> la OSCE dans un esprit d'ouverture<br />
<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> coopération. .. ,<br />
• Rlpo.ns~.' - L'ho.norable parlementaire ~ bi~n voulu appeler<br />
l,attention <strong>de</strong>s aff~res étrangères sur la ~Ituatlon <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong><br />
1homme en TurqUie <strong>et</strong> sur le problème kur<strong>de</strong>. La question <strong>de</strong>s<br />
droits ~e l'ho~me a toujours été ~ la ~ase du rapprochement <strong>de</strong> la<br />
Tur91;ue avec 1Europe. La France, qUI, comme ses partenaires <strong>de</strong><br />
1un!on européenne, souhaite une Turquie stable, prospère, démocratique,<br />
ancrée en E:uropc, est convaincue que le rapprochement<br />
<strong>de</strong> CC; pays avec l'\lnton européenne ~r un gage <strong>de</strong> stabilit~ qui'<br />
f~vortsera une évolution positive e~ matière <strong>de</strong> libéralisation politique.<br />
Le gouvernement turc est bien conscient que le Parlement<br />
e~ropéen n'entérinera pas l'accor.d d'union douanihe avec l'Europe<br />
SI <strong>de</strong>s mesures concrètes en matière <strong>de</strong> droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme ne sont<br />
,~as prévues rapi<strong>de</strong>m~nt .. Il s'est donné comme priorité l'accéléra-'<br />
t!on <strong>de</strong> la d~mocratts~tt~n <strong>et</strong> le p,assage <strong>de</strong>s nouvelles lois d'ici<br />
I été. Ces proj<strong>et</strong>s <strong>de</strong> lOI viennent d être adoptés par la commission<br />
iul hoc <strong>de</strong> l'Assemblée nationale. Par ailleurs, les autorités turques<br />
s'efforcent <strong>de</strong> m<strong>et</strong>tre en œuvre <strong>de</strong>s mesures concrètes visant ~ améliorer<br />
les comportements administratifs <strong>et</strong> policiers. Les plaintes<br />
déposées <strong>de</strong>vant la Cour. européenne aux règles du Conseil <strong>de</strong><br />
l'Europe en matière <strong>de</strong> droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme. Dans le cadre <strong>de</strong>s<br />
enquêtes ouvertes ~ la suite <strong>de</strong> ces plaintes, <strong>de</strong>ux missions d'experts<br />
<strong>de</strong> la Cou.r européenne <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme se sont déj~ rendues<br />
en T:urqwe. Tout en reconnaissant ~ la Turquie le droit ~ la souverain<strong>et</strong>é<br />
<strong>et</strong> ~ l'intégrité <strong>de</strong> son territoire, la Ftance a toujours<br />
considéré que la solution militaire ne pourrait résoudre définitive-<br />
{l'lent J.ep~oblème ~ur<strong>de</strong> <strong>et</strong> que seule une approche politique perm<strong>et</strong>trait<br />
d y parvemr.<br />
186
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA çAPÊ-RNISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETÎ<br />
--==;;....;.-..;.;;==========;;;;;--=========-------------_---:..-<br />
~ Monday, June 26,1995<br />
~' OSeE. drafts l<strong>et</strong>ter ~ people have disappeared or been found mur<strong>de</strong>red.<br />
:~_<br />
-...<br />
to PM Çiller on<br />
The l<strong>et</strong>ter mentions that this month, ''families of the<br />
~ -------------------------<br />
political mur<strong>de</strong>rs<br />
Request: L<strong>et</strong>ter circulates in<br />
US Congress for signatures<br />
walk disappeared to the Ministry and other ofconcerned. Interior and Turkish hold acitizens silent vigil. will<br />
There, they willleave their loved ones' shoes to signify<br />
their loss.... We are writing to show our support for<br />
the disappeared and their families, and to lend support<br />
to <strong>de</strong>mocracy in your country. " .<br />
Hoyer and Smith told Çiller that "we appeal to your<br />
government to bring the perp<strong>et</strong>rators of such crimes to<br />
Justice and unequivocally <strong>de</strong>monstrate your commitment<br />
to protecting the most precious human right, the<br />
right to life."<br />
By U~urAkIncl<br />
In the "<strong>de</strong>ar colleague" l<strong>et</strong>ter they attached to the<br />
TurkisX Daily News<br />
l<strong>et</strong>ter to be sent to Çiller, the two U.S. co-chairmen of<br />
WASHINGTON- The Helsinki Watch, the U.S. OSCE said "<strong>de</strong>ath squads operate with imJlunity and<br />
branch of the Organization for Security and unsolved mur<strong>de</strong>rs proliferate. In many inCi<strong>de</strong>nts, it is<br />
Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), has drafted a l<strong>et</strong>ter on<br />
evi<strong>de</strong>nt that persons were held in police custody before<br />
the unsolved political mur<strong>de</strong>rs in Turkey to be sent to disappearing or being found mur<strong>de</strong>red. Victims have<br />
Prime Minister Tansu Çiller on June 30. The l<strong>et</strong>ter, 'been taken from their homes, offices and off the<br />
signed by committee chairmen Reps. Steny H?yer (D- stre<strong>et</strong>" . .<br />
MD) and Chris Smith (R-N]), is now being clfCulated<br />
.Hoyer and Smith called on their colleagues to add<br />
on the Capitol Hill for additional signatures.<br />
their names to the l<strong>et</strong>ter as co-signell to "express your<br />
"We are writing to express our grave concern about concern about the fate of the d~appearea and lend<br />
unsolved disap~ces and mur<strong>de</strong>rs in Turkey," the support to their families."<br />
l<strong>et</strong>ter starts. 'In the past 18 months, according to<br />
Turkey's main human rights association, more thau L-... ..J<br />
FRS0923 4 I 0270 FRA jAFP-MW72<br />
Turquie-Kur<strong>de</strong>s-Irak<br />
Le parlement turc renouvelle le stationnement <strong>de</strong> la force multinationale<br />
ANKARA, 27 juin (AFP) - L'assemblée nationale turque a renouvelé mardi<br />
soir pour six mois le stationnement en Turquie <strong>de</strong> la force multinationale<br />
chargée <strong>de</strong> protéger les Kur<strong>de</strong>s d'Irak dans le cadre <strong>de</strong> l'opération alliée<br />
"Provi<strong>de</strong> Comfort".<br />
L'autorisation <strong>de</strong> présence <strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong>te force aérienne, stationnée à<br />
Incirli~ (sud, près d'Adana) <strong>et</strong> composée d'appareils américains,<br />
britanniques <strong>et</strong> français, venait à expiration à la fin du mois.<br />
Le gouvernement turc avait décidé la semaine <strong>de</strong>rnière <strong>de</strong> soum<strong>et</strong>tre au<br />
parlement la prolongation pour six mois <strong>de</strong> sa présence sur le sol turc. Sa<br />
proposition a été adoptée par 202 voix contre 153.<br />
Dans une intervention <strong>de</strong>vant les députés avant le vote, le chef <strong>de</strong> la<br />
diplomatie turque Erdal Inonu a <strong>de</strong>mandé la prorogation du stationnement<br />
"pour le bien du pays" <strong>et</strong> "afin d'empêcher un nouveau flux <strong>de</strong> réfugiés vers.<br />
le .territoire turc".<br />
La première phase <strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong>te opération alliée avait assuré le r<strong>et</strong>our chez<br />
eux <strong>de</strong> quelque 500.000 Kur<strong>de</strong>s d'Irak qui s'étaient massés à la frontière<br />
turque, fuyant l'armée irakienne à la suite <strong>de</strong> l'insurrection kur<strong>de</strong> matée<br />
p~r Saddam Hussein en mars 1991, à la suite <strong>de</strong> la guerre du Golfe<br />
(janvier-février 1991).<br />
La force a pour mission <strong>de</strong> surveiller la zone d'exclusion aérienne<br />
imposée à l'aviation irakienne au nord du 36ème parallèle <strong>et</strong> les mouvemente<br />
<strong>de</strong>s troupes irakiennes en direction <strong>de</strong> la zone <strong>de</strong> sécurité établie par la<br />
coalition anti-irakienne dans une ban<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> territoire du nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak<br />
proche <strong>de</strong> la frontière turque.<br />
burjhcjsp<br />
AFP !J00245/272120 JUN 95<br />
187
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. Turkish Dairy News<br />
WEDNESDAY,JUNE28,I99S<br />
Gen. JohnM. Shalikashvili <strong>de</strong>fends human rights progress in Turkey<br />
By ugur Abnel concerted effort to see <strong>de</strong>mocratization legisla-<br />
. Turkish Daily News , .. . ' tion pasS. " '<br />
. WASHINGTON- General. John M. .' Imposing more restrictions on this valued ally<br />
Shalikachvili, the chairman of the United States will only hIn<strong>de</strong>r our attempts to encourage<br />
Joint Chiefs of Staff,.in a l<strong>et</strong>ter he wrote to Rep: progress and bring about lasting Change.<br />
Sonny Callahan (R-AL) on June 21, recalled . The Turks areproud people, and respect for'<br />
Turkey's value as a staunch ally and warnedthat the military is a time-honoreà tradition. By withif<br />
the U.S. Congress succeeds in cutting aid to drawing support for them and taking on theroIe<br />
Turkey foralleged human rightsviolations and ofadversary, we lose access to Key <strong>de</strong>cision<br />
"taking on the role of adversary,": the U.S. lead- makers. " ,<br />
ers will "lose acces~ to key (~urkish),<strong>de</strong>cision .' Rece~t progress ..co.mbined with Turkey',s<br />
makers.:' Çallahan.ls the cha!rman,ofHou~~ ,unques.tlOnedstrategIC Importance, should dri~e<br />
AppropnatIons Foreign OperatIOnn1,lOCoffiffilt-. the1Jmted S,tatesto fic~as.e support to Turkey'fi<br />
.tee. . . .or<strong>de</strong>r to achieve our obJectIves, not <strong>de</strong>stroy bilateral<br />
relations.".. . . .<br />
'Turks are proud peOplé~<br />
Defending the progress the Turkish Armed<br />
forces had !Da<strong>de</strong> !~regard to human rights<br />
Issues, Shahkashvlh saId "I have Rersonally<br />
engaged General KaradaYI, Turkey s Chief of<br />
Staff, in dialogue regardmg human rights and<br />
found him to be willing to assist in moving for-<br />
'Ward with new measures aimed at enhancing<br />
Turkish <strong>de</strong>mocracy and human rights. . .<br />
.' The Turkish military lea<strong>de</strong>rship is baclting<br />
progress on human rights and is rea(ly to make a<br />
'Progress is visible'<br />
In his long l<strong>et</strong>ter, Shalikashvili gave the following<br />
examples. of progress in human rights<br />
issues In the Turkish army: .<br />
"The Turkiilb milit!IfYis actively engaging in<br />
efforts to improve human rights awareness<br />
ainong its personnel. Progress is visible in their<br />
newfound willingness to discuss this sensitive<br />
issue openly. .<br />
. Thçy have instituted new rules of çngagement<br />
for all military operations and provi<strong>de</strong>d addition- lea<strong>de</strong>rs of the House Appropriations committee .<br />
al training to many soldiers assigned to anti-ter- circulated a "Dear colleague" l<strong>et</strong>ter )tIStFriday.<br />
rorist operations. Bob Livingston (R-NJ), chairman of ~he House<br />
. While the recent operations in northern Iraq AppropriatIons Committee, Rep. Callahan, and<br />
drew sharp criticism from many of Turkey's Charlie Wilson (D-TX), ranking mem.ber of the<br />
EuroJX:an~~ighbors, evi<strong>de</strong>nce indicates that the House appropriations foreign operations subcom-.<br />
Turkish mthtary went to great lengths to protect mittee urged the House members, to. "read<br />
the lives of innocent civilians while <strong>de</strong>stroying . Chairman Shalikashvili's l<strong>et</strong>ter. As the country's<br />
terrorist camps. .. most senior and respected military lea<strong>de</strong>r, he<br />
.' There has been, in short, significantprogress .makes a compelling case in support of our vital<br />
on the human.rights front." -,' .relationship with Turkey. '<br />
.. Shalikashvili remin<strong>de</strong>d Callahan of the crucial . We strongly urge you to oppose any artlendrole<br />
flayed by Turkey as a U.S. ally in NATO, ments whicll woul
'( .<br />
Conseil <strong>de</strong> l'Europe: grands principes<br />
suédois.... <strong>et</strong> réalités turques<br />
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••• Réalités européennes<br />
à Strasbourg.<br />
Dans l'hémicycle. le prési<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
du Comité <strong>de</strong>s ministres<br />
explique la difficile<br />
position <strong>de</strong> l'Europe<br />
sur la Turquie, sans prononcer<br />
le mot tabou<br />
«kur<strong>de</strong>s ». Mais <strong>de</strong>hors.<br />
<strong>de</strong>vant le Palais, <strong>de</strong>s centaines<br />
<strong>de</strong> femmes kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
manifestent avec <strong>de</strong>s<br />
youyous stri<strong>de</strong>nts. Peine<br />
perdue. Elles ne peuvent<br />
être entendues. Car les<br />
«Kur<strong>de</strong>s» n'existent pas ....<br />
Evi<strong>de</strong>mment, M. Josef<br />
Zieleniec, ministre <strong>de</strong>s affaires<br />
étrangères <strong>de</strong> la République<br />
tchèque, actuel prési<strong>de</strong>nt du<br />
comité <strong>de</strong>s ministres du<br />
Conseil <strong>de</strong> l'Europe, n'est pas<br />
en cause. Dans sa fonction, il<br />
est le porte parole du plus large<br />
consensus entre 34 Etats<br />
membres. Ou du plus p<strong>et</strong>it dénominateur<br />
commun <strong>de</strong> l'Europe<br />
politique.<br />
Contre le racisme<br />
Et en tant que tel. il a expliqué<br />
avec beaucoup <strong>de</strong> tact diplomatique<br />
que le Conseil <strong>de</strong><br />
l'Europe prenait en quelque<br />
sorte acte <strong>de</strong>s déclarations faites<br />
récemment par Madame<br />
Ciller, Premier ministre turc,<br />
<strong>de</strong>vant l'assemblée <strong>de</strong> l'Union<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'Europe Occi<strong>de</strong>ntale: la<br />
Pour le Premier ministre suédois Ingvar Carlsson, « la<br />
guerre froi<strong>de</strong> a pris fin <strong>et</strong> il faut savoir s'adapter aux<br />
nouvelles réalités )). (Photo DNA)<br />
Turquie, mise un moment au<br />
ban <strong>de</strong> l'Europe, veut concilier<br />
la "préservation <strong>de</strong> l'unité nationale<br />
<strong>et</strong> le renforcement <strong>de</strong>s<br />
droits individuels».<br />
L'assemblée, si prompte à<br />
condamner la Turquie en avril<br />
<strong>de</strong>rnier, doit-elle se contenter<br />
<strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong>te aucune allusion réponse aux qui ne fait<br />
droits <strong>de</strong>s<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>s? Réponse du ministre<br />
tchèque: il n'a trouvé, dans la<br />
déclaration <strong>de</strong> Madame Ciller,<br />
"aucune diction référence à une <strong>de</strong> l'enseignement interdiction<br />
en<br />
langue kur<strong>de</strong>» ...<br />
En d'autres termes, il n'y a<br />
plus <strong>de</strong> "problème l'optique du Conseil turc» dans<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'Europe.<br />
Il est vrai. aussi. un autre domaine, que dans<br />
le somm<strong>et</strong><br />
<strong>de</strong>s. Quinze" à Cannes a décidé<br />
d'associer la Turquie aux<br />
réunions <strong>de</strong> l'Union européenne...<br />
Condamnation <strong>de</strong>s essais<br />
C<strong>et</strong>te question réglée, il était<br />
protection <strong>de</strong>s minorités nationales,<br />
à ratifier la charte européenne<br />
nucléaires français<br />
plus aisé aux parlementaires<br />
<strong>de</strong>s .34" <strong>de</strong> prôner la lutte<br />
contre l'intolérance <strong>et</strong> le racisme<br />
dans une recommandation<br />
qui fait l'unanimité sur les<br />
principes mais pose problème<br />
dans les. détails. Par exemple.<br />
les Etats y sont im;ités fier la convention-cadre à ratifier<br />
sur la<br />
<strong>de</strong>s langues régionales<br />
<strong>et</strong> à ;aux accor<strong>de</strong>r rési<strong>de</strong>nts un droit <strong>de</strong> étrangers vote<br />
lors<br />
<strong>de</strong>s élections locales.<br />
Autant d'exigences qui<br />
heurtent la tradition <strong>de</strong> certains<br />
pays. voire leur constitution,<br />
comme celle <strong>de</strong> la France.<br />
C'est incontestablement le<br />
Premier lTIinistre suédois Ingvar<br />
Carlsson qui était la ve<strong>de</strong>tte<br />
<strong>de</strong> la journée d'hier. Non<br />
seulement' parce qu'il a été<br />
fort applaudi en condamnant<br />
la France dans sa décision <strong>de</strong><br />
reprendre les essais nucléaires<br />
«
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA<br />
STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
Villagers seek news<br />
.of missing relatives<br />
By Sinan Yùrnaz<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
ANKARA- Relati~es of people alleg~dly kidnapped<br />
by thesecunty forces are continuing to<br />
engage in various activitles around the country aimed<br />
at trying to secure news of those who have gone<br />
missmg without a trace.<br />
One group, who traveled to Ankara from the<br />
provincial capital of DiyarbaIar, held a press conference<br />
on Wednesday and produced a list of the names<br />
of 20 people who they ~aid had gone missing.<br />
Indicatlng that they were villagers eVIcted from.therr<br />
homes during operations carried ou.t by sec~rity<br />
forces a¥ainsttlie outlawed separatist Kurdistan<br />
Workers Party (PKK), the group, ma<strong>de</strong> up of old<br />
men and women in tradition dress, plea<strong>de</strong>d for help to<br />
obtain news of their immediate relatives.<br />
The group, villagers of Kurdish origin, held their<br />
press conference at the office of the Human Rights<br />
Âssociation and had to speak throuclt an interpr<strong>et</strong>er<br />
because they knew no Turkish. Tney alleged that<br />
their children had been roun<strong>de</strong>d up and taken away<br />
by the security forces some time ago, adding that that<br />
was the last they ever heard of!hem.<br />
The vilIa2erSsaid th<strong>et</strong> warited to know where their<br />
children were being he d if they were still alive, or ...<br />
where they had been buried if they were <strong>de</strong>ad.<br />
Tne group said the security forces had rai<strong>de</strong>d their<br />
village of Toreli, attached to DiyarbaIar's Lice district,<br />
on May 18 and had assembled everyone in the<br />
village square..<br />
They alleged that the soldiers then burned down<br />
the village. One of the villagers, ~akir Yolur, said the<br />
soldiers had taken away his son Seyithan Yolur and<br />
two other people, adding that no news had been heard<br />
. from any of these people since. Another villager,<br />
Abdurrezak tI'ek, said his two sons had been taken<br />
away in a similar fashion, adding that ifhis sons are<br />
guilty. of anything they should be punished appropriately<br />
un<strong>de</strong>rthe law and if not they should be<br />
r<strong>et</strong>urned.<br />
Harnze Çiçek, another villager, said security forces<br />
.had arrested her son Tahsin (,:içek and released him<br />
later only to come back and arrest him again. She<br />
said that along with her son they had also taken her<br />
grandchild Cayan Çiçek, who was blind. Another vil-<br />
.. lager, Arife 'rekdag, who alleged one of her sons had<br />
fallen victim to a mystery killing, said when she<br />
inquired about the fate of her other son who was<br />
taken away, the security forces repeatedly told her<br />
that he had join~d ~~ PIq(. Sec~ty forces ~.nyth~t<br />
.there are extrajudicial kidnappmgs and killIngs ID<br />
Turkey and say that villagers often allege that their<br />
children, who have joined the PKK, have been kidnapped<br />
by the Turkish security forces. .<br />
r<br />
AgenceFrancePresse - M P .AgeocsFrancePresse - A pp .AgenceFrailcePreSse - AFP. - Agenc~Franc2P:ssse - A FP .AgencsFrancePresse - A FP .AgenceFrancePresse - A FP .<br />
FRS0539 4 I 0229CHY /AFP-A007<br />
Irak-Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
Bombar<strong>de</strong>ments irakiens au Kurdistan, selon l,'opposition<br />
NICOSIE, 29 juin (AFP) - L'armée irakienne a bombardé à l'artillerie.<br />
lour<strong>de</strong> jeudi la région est du Kurdistan, dans le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak, tuant un<br />
civil <strong>et</strong> en blessant onze, selon une <strong>de</strong>s principales formations <strong>de</strong><br />
l'opposition. .<br />
"Le pilonnage a commencé vers 6h30 (04h30 à <strong>Paris</strong>) prenant notamment<br />
pour cible le'centre <strong>de</strong>s transports publics <strong>de</strong> Chemchemal", une <strong>de</strong>s gran<strong>de</strong>s<br />
villes du Kurdistan, à l'ouest <strong>de</strong> Souleimaniye, a précisé un communiqué <strong>de</strong><br />
l'Union patriotique du Kurdistan (UPK <strong>de</strong> Jalal Talabani), reçu à Nicosie.<br />
"Ces atrocités font partie <strong>de</strong> la campagne <strong>de</strong> terreur <strong>et</strong> ,d'intimidation<br />
contre le peuple kur<strong>de</strong>",ajoute le texte, appelant la communauté<br />
internationale "à empêcher le gouvernement irakien <strong>de</strong> persister dans son<br />
mépris <strong>de</strong>s droits élémentaires <strong>de</strong> l'Homme <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s conventions<br />
internationales".<br />
Le Kurdistan irakien est dirigé par l'UPK <strong>et</strong> son rival, le parti<br />
démocratique du Kurdistan (PDK, <strong>de</strong> Massoud Barzani), <strong>de</strong>puis qu'il échappe<br />
au contrôle <strong>de</strong> Bagdad à la suite <strong>de</strong> l'insurrection kur<strong>de</strong> à l'issue <strong>de</strong> la<br />
guerre du Golfe (janvier-février 1991)~<br />
Bagdad a appelé à maintes reprises l'UPK <strong>et</strong> le PDK au dialogue, mais les<br />
<strong>de</strong>ux formations ont fait la sour<strong>de</strong> oreille jusqu'ici.<br />
Des affrontements sporadiques entre UPK <strong>et</strong> PDK ont fait <strong>de</strong>puis un an <strong>de</strong>s<br />
centaines <strong>de</strong> morts.<br />
ag/jhd/lb<br />
AFP /J00245/291634 JUN 95<br />
190
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
Turkisb Daily News<br />
THURSDAY,JUNE29.199S<br />
r---------------------------------------------------------,<br />
Local support for Kurd<br />
rebels hin<strong>de</strong>rs Turks<br />
By Aliza Marcus<br />
Reuter<br />
TUNCELt, Turkey- The Turkish military's<br />
drive against rebel Kurds in the<br />
eastern province of Tunceli is hampered<br />
. bya major factor, front-line mem1iers of<br />
the security forces say"":' many Kurdish<br />
civilians support the rebels. '7be problem<br />
is there is still sympathy for the<br />
PKK (Kurdistan Worker.çPartj), and as<br />
long as that continues it will be impossible<br />
to finish them off," a counter-insurgency<br />
commando told Reuters at the<br />
weekend. Turkey has long said the<br />
PKK, which it calls a terrorist group,<br />
commands little support in the mairily<br />
Kurdish east and southeast, where the<br />
rebels have fought for 11 years for<br />
autonomy or in<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nce. Over 16,000<br />
people have died. The Turkish army<br />
outnumber.ç the PKK by som<strong>et</strong>hing like<br />
25 to one in Tunceli province, at the<br />
heart of the struggle. Troops were<br />
recently boosted to at least 50,()(}(}there<br />
against an estimated 2,000 rebels. But<br />
Kurdish sources throughout the region<br />
say the guerrillas rely on villagers for<br />
food, shelter and supplies, som<strong>et</strong>hing<br />
some give willingly and other.çprovi<strong>de</strong><br />
outo(fear.<br />
The commandos, based in Tunceli for<br />
almost four years, said they found it<br />
hard to accept continuing sympathy for<br />
the rebels, WDO have bumed schools and<br />
health clinics, killed teachers and<br />
attacked families of state-paid village<br />
guards.<br />
'1t's not ue to us to solve this, wejust<br />
take or<strong>de</strong>rs, said one commando, who<br />
like the others would not give his name.<br />
"But if the state would lift some<br />
restrictions, like allow Kurdish television<br />
or schools, then sympathy would<br />
probably drop," he saId. Kurdish<br />
activists have long argued the PKK benefits<br />
from state repression of Kurdish<br />
cultural and pol1tical i<strong>de</strong>ntity, and<br />
Turkey's weak record on human rights.<br />
Many Kurds who do not support the<br />
PKK say Ankara is playing mto the<br />
hardline 8Ioup's hanos by closing off<br />
<strong>de</strong>mocratJc alternatives and essentially<br />
criminalising discussion of Kurdishrelated<br />
issues. Last year the pro-Kurdish<br />
Democracy Party was shut 6y the courts<br />
for separatist actility and six of its parliamentarians<br />
were jailed in December<br />
on similar grounds.<br />
"Ifl suggest a fe<strong>de</strong>ration or complain<br />
about Tuifish policies I'll also end up in<br />
prison," said a Kurdish intellectual.<br />
Tunceli province has always been a<br />
stronghoJd of leftist and Kurdish<br />
activism, and a 1936-38 rebellion harshly<br />
put down by Turkish troops has<br />
beCome the stuff of local folklore.<br />
"Back then our people wanted a<br />
Kurdish province, where cultural rights<br />
and thelt Kurdish i<strong>de</strong>ntity could be<br />
free," said a bus driver, who like others<br />
insisted his name not be used.<br />
'The rebels in the mountains now are<br />
fighting for the same thing." Turkish<br />
forces last September launched a major<br />
operation against PKK forces in<br />
Tunceli, criss-crossed by narrow gorges<br />
and soaring mountains that offer rebels<br />
natural hiding places.<br />
Despite frequent promises the military<br />
has not managed to end PKK<br />
attacks or hunt down regjonal comman<strong>de</strong>r<br />
Semdin Sakik and local comman<strong>de</strong>r.ç<br />
say PKK activity seems to be on<br />
the rise again.<br />
Since mid-April the PKK has killed at<br />
least 33 soldiers in two major attacksin<br />
Tunceli and staged numerous<br />
raids.<br />
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191