A Bibliography - Teachers College Columbia University
A Bibliography - Teachers College Columbia University
A Bibliography - Teachers College Columbia University
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COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY<br />
SCHOOL OF INTERNATIONAL AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS<br />
MIDDLE EAST INSTITUTE<br />
MUSLIMS IN NEW YORK CITY PROJECT: A BIBLIOGRAPHY<br />
Introduction<br />
Intended for a broad audience of scholars, students and members of the general public,<br />
this bibliography is the product of an ongoing literature search that began in the fall of<br />
1999 by <strong>Columbia</strong> <strong>University</strong>'s Muslims in New York City Project. At first, the<br />
geographical scope of the search was limited to New York City, but when this<br />
preliminary effort netted a mere eight books, none of which focused exclusively on New<br />
York City, the search was expanded to encompass other US cities. Particular works<br />
whose focus or content pertains to New York City have been marked with an asterisk.<br />
Five general themes framed the parameters of the search: religious identity, community,<br />
civic engagement, political engagement, and media representation. The citations range<br />
across the social sciences and include books, chapters in edited volumes, articles in<br />
scholarly journals, and Ph.D. dissertations. With a few notable exceptions, newspaper and<br />
magazine articles have not been included since these can be easily and selectively<br />
retrieved using available Internet search engines such as LexisNexis or Google.<br />
<strong>Bibliography</strong><br />
*Abdus-Sabur. "A Muslim School's Response to the Dilemma of Ghetto Life." Ph.D.<br />
<strong>University</strong> of Virginia, 1998.<br />
Abedin, Syed Z., and Ziauddin Sardar, eds. Muslim Minorities in the West. London:<br />
Grey Seal (Publications) Limited, 1995.<br />
Abed-Rabbo, Samir. "The Neglected Focus." Journal Institute of Muslim Minority<br />
Affairs 5.1 (1983-84).<br />
Abilla, Walter D. The Black Muslims in America: An Introduction to the Theory of<br />
Commitment. Kampala: East African Literature Bureau, 1977.
Abraham, Sameer, ed. The Arab World and Arab-Americans: Understanding a Neglected<br />
Minority. Detroit: Wayne State <strong>University</strong>, Center for Urban Studies, 1981.<br />
_____. Arabs in the New World: Studies on Arab-American Communities. Detroit:<br />
Wayne State <strong>University</strong> Center for Urban Studies, 1983.<br />
Adloni, Mohammad Akram. "An Analysis of Selected Instructional Practices in Islamic<br />
Schools in North America as Perceived by Principals." Ph.D. Southern Illinois<br />
<strong>University</strong> of Carbondale, 1993.<br />
Afridi, Sam. Muslims in America : Identity, Diversity and the Challenge of<br />
Understanding. New York: Carnegie Corporation of New York, 2001.<br />
Ahmad, Muneer. "Homeland Insecurities: Racial Violence the Day after September 11."<br />
Social Text 20.3 (2002): 101-15.<br />
Ahmed, Gutbi Mahdi. "Muslim Organizations in the United States." The Muslims of<br />
America. Ed. Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad. New York: Oxford <strong>University</strong> Press,<br />
1991. 11-24.<br />
*Aidi, Hisham. "Let Us Be Moors: Islam, Race and 'Connected Histories'." Middle East<br />
Report 2003: 42-53.<br />
Akbar, Muhammad. "Muslims in the United States: History, Religion, Politics and<br />
Ethnicity." Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs 12.2 (1991): 433-49.<br />
Ali, Kamal. "Islamic Education in the United States: An Overview of Issues, Problems<br />
and Possible Approaches." The American Journal of Islamic Studies 1.2 (1984):<br />
127-32.<br />
Malkawi, Fathi. "The Future of Muslim Education in America: An Agenda for<br />
Research." American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 20.3&4 (2003): 46-82.<br />
*Ali, Zaheer. African American Islam in New York: Pluralism Project Research, Harvard<br />
<strong>University</strong>, 1993.<br />
Al-Jasir, Abdullah S.H. "Social, Cultural, and Academic Factors Associated with<br />
Adjustment of Saudi Students in the United States." Ph.D. <strong>University</strong> of Illinois at<br />
Urbana-Champaign, 1993.<br />
Alkhazraji, Khaled Mohammed. "Acculturation of Minorities and Immigrant Employees<br />
in U.S. Organizations: The Case of Islamic Minorities." Ph.D. The <strong>University</strong> of<br />
Mississippi, 1993.<br />
Al-Marayati, Salam. "The Rising Tide of Hostile Stereotyping of Islam." The<br />
Washington Report on Middle East Affairs.27 (1994).
Al-Zahrani, Abdul Aziz A. "U.S. Television and Press Coverage of Islam and Muslims."<br />
Ph.D. <strong>University</strong> of Oklahoma, 1988.<br />
Anway, Carol Anderson, and Carol L. Anway. Daughters of Another Path: Experiences<br />
of American Women Choosing Islam. Lee's Summit: Yawna Publications, 1996.<br />
Aswad, Barbara C. "Arab Muslim Families in the United States." Middle Eastern<br />
Diaspora Communities in America. Eds. Mehdi Bozorgmehr and Alison Feldman.<br />
New York: 17th Annual Summer Institute of the Joint Center for Near Eastern<br />
Studies of New York <strong>University</strong> and Princeton <strong>University</strong>, held in June 1996,<br />
Hagop Kevorkian Center for Near Eastern Studies at New York Universit, 1996.<br />
_____, and Barbara Bilge, eds. Family and Gender among American Muslims: Issues<br />
Facing Middle Eastern Immigrants and Their Descendants. Philadelphia: Temple<br />
<strong>University</strong> Press, 1996.<br />
Athar, Shahid. Reflections of an American Muslim. Chicago: Kazi Publications, 1994.<br />
Austin, Allan D. African Muslims in Antebellum America: A Source Book. New York:<br />
Garland, 1984.<br />
_____. African Muslims in Antebellum America: Transatlantic Stories and Spiritual<br />
Struggles. New York: Routledge, 1997.<br />
Bagby, Ihsan, Paul M. Perl, and Bryan T. Froehle. The Mosque in America: A National<br />
Portrait. Washington, D.C.: Council on American-Islamic Relations, 2001.<br />
Baldwin, Lewis V., and Amiri YaSin Al-Hadid, eds. Between Cross and Crescent :<br />
Christian and Muslim Perspectives on Malcolm and Martin. Gainesville:<br />
<strong>University</strong> Press of Florida, 2002.<br />
Barazangi, Nimat Hafez. "Perceptions of the Islamic Belief System: The Muslims in<br />
North America." Ph.D. Cornell <strong>University</strong>, 1988.<br />
_____. "Acculturation of North American Muslims: Minority Relations on Worldview<br />
Variation." Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs 11.2 (1990): 373-90.<br />
Barboza, Steven. American Jihad: Islam after Malcom X. New York: Doubleday, 1994.<br />
Battle, V. DuWayne. "The Influence of Al-Islam in America on the Black Community."<br />
The Black Scholar 19 (1988): 33-41.<br />
Ba-Yunus, Ilyas. A Report on Muslim Population in the United States. Richmond Hills:<br />
Center for American Muslim Research and Information, 1998.
*Benson, Kathleen, and Philip M. Kayal, eds. Community of Many Worlds : Arab<br />
Americans in New York City. New York: The Museum of the City of New York;<br />
Syracuse <strong>University</strong> Press, 2002.<br />
*Billah, Muhammed Mostaiz. "The Social Construction of Bangladeshi Muslim<br />
Community in New York City." M.A. Queens <strong>College</strong>, 1994.<br />
Bozorgmehr, Mehdi, and Alison Feldman. Middle Eastern Diaspora Communities in<br />
America: Proceedings of the 17th Annual Summer Institute of the Joint Center for<br />
near Eastern Studies of New York <strong>University</strong> and Princeton <strong>University</strong>: Hagop<br />
Kevorkian Center for Near Eastern Studies at New York <strong>University</strong>, 1996.<br />
Brodeur, Patrice. "The Islamic Society of North America: 1991 Annual Convention in<br />
Dayton, Ohio." The Islamic Society of North America: Annual Convention.<br />
Dayton, Ohio: Pluralism Project Research Notes, 1991.<br />
C.A.I.R. A Rush to Judgment : A Special Report on Anti-Muslim Stereotyping,<br />
Harassment and Hate Crimes Following the Bombing of Oklahoma City's Murrah<br />
Federal Building, April 19, 1995. Washington, D.C.: Council on American-<br />
Islamic Relations, 1995.<br />
Carson, Clayborne. Malcolm X: The FBI File. Ed. David Gallen. New York: Ballantine<br />
Books, 1995.<br />
Clarke, John H. Malcolm X: The Man and His Times. New York: MacMillan, 1969.<br />
Condit, Celeste Michelle, and John Louis Lucaites. "Malcolm X and the Limits of the<br />
Rhetoric of Revolutionary Dissent." Journal of Black Studies 23.3 (1993): 291-<br />
313.<br />
Cooper, Mary H. "Muslims in America: Can They Find a Place in American Society?"<br />
Congressional Quarterly Researcher 3 (1993): 363-83.<br />
*Cristillo, Louis Abdellatif, and Lorraine Minnite. "The Changing Arab New York<br />
Community." A Community of Many Worlds: Arab Americans in New York<br />
City. Eds. Kathleen Benson and Philip Kayal. Syracuse: Syracuse <strong>University</strong><br />
Press, 2002.<br />
Culpepper, Mary Louise Dagenhart. Growing up Muslim in America: Reflections of<br />
Parents and Youth: Harvard <strong>University</strong>'s Pluralism Project Research Seminar,<br />
1993.<br />
Curtis, Edward E. Islam in Black America: Identity, Liberation, and Difference in<br />
African-American Islamic Thought. State Univ of New York Press, 2002.
*D'Agostino, Melissa. "Muslim Personhood: Translation, Transnationalism and Islamic<br />
Religious Education among Muslims in New York City." Journal of Muslim<br />
Minority Affairs 23.1 (2003).<br />
Dannin, Robert. Black Pilgrimage to Islam. March 2002. New York: Oxford <strong>University</strong><br />
Press, 2002.<br />
Deburg, William L. Van. Modern Black Nationalism : From Marcus Garvey to Louis<br />
Farrakhan. New York: New York <strong>University</strong> Press, 1997.<br />
Diouf, Sylviane Anna. Servants of Allah: African Muslims Enslaved in the Americas.<br />
New York: New York <strong>University</strong> Press, 1998.<br />
*Dodds, Jerrilynn. "The Dome and the Grid." Aramco World, 47.6 (1996): 30-39.<br />
_____, and Ed Grazda (Photographer). New York Masjid: The Mosques of New York.<br />
New York: powerHouse Books, 2002.<br />
*Duncombe, Stephen, Stephen J. Sifaneck, and Andras Szanto. "The Incense Merchant<br />
on Times Square: The Black Muslim Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism." Sex,<br />
Scams and Street Life: The Sociology of New York City's Times Square. Ed.<br />
Robert P. McNamara. Westport: Praeger, 1995. 43-55.<br />
Dyson, Michael Eric. "X Marks the Plots: A Critical Reading of Malcolm's Readers."<br />
Social Text.35 (1993): 25-55.<br />
El-Badry, Samia. "Understanding Islam in America." American Demographics 16<br />
(1994): 10-11.<br />
Elkholy, Abdo A. The Arab Moslems in the United States: Religion and Assimilation.<br />
New Haven: <strong>College</strong> and <strong>University</strong> Press, 1996.<br />
Essien-Udom, E.U. Black Nationalism: A Search for an Identity in America. Chicago:<br />
<strong>University</strong> of Chicago Press, 1995.<br />
*Ferris, Marc. "To ‘Achieve the Pleasure of Allah’: Immigrant Muslim Communities in<br />
New York City 1893-1991." Muslim Communities in North America. Eds.<br />
Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad and Jane Idleman Smith. Albany: State <strong>University</strong> of<br />
New York Press, 1994. 209-30.<br />
_____. "America's First Black Muslims." American Legacy 3.4 (1998).<br />
Friedlander, Jonathan, ed. Sojourners and Settlers : The Yemeni Immigrant Experience.<br />
Salt Lake City: <strong>University</strong> of Utah Press, 1988.<br />
Gardell, Mattias. In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and the Nation of<br />
Islam. Durham, N.C.: Duke <strong>University</strong> press, 1996.
GhaneaBassiri, Kambiz. Competing Visions in the United States: A Study of Los<br />
Angeles. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1997.<br />
Ghayur, Arif. "Demographic Evolution of Pakistanis in America: Case Study of a<br />
Muslim Subgroup." The American Journal of Islamic Studies 1 (1984): 113-26.<br />
Gomez, Michael A. "Muslims in Early America." The Journal of Southern History 60.4<br />
(1994): 671-710.<br />
Gutjahr, Paul C. "The State of the Discipline: Sacred Texts in the United States." Book<br />
History 4 (2001).<br />
Haddad, Yvonne Yazbeck. "Islamic Institutions in America: Adaptations and Reform."<br />
Arabs in the New World: Studies on Arab American Communities. Eds. Sameer<br />
Abraham and Nabeel Abraham. Detroit: Wayne State <strong>University</strong> Press, 1983.<br />
_____. "Muslims in America." Islam: The Religious and Political Life of a Community.<br />
Ed. Marjorie Kelly. New York: Praeger Press, 1984.<br />
_____. A Century of Islam in America. Washington, D.C.: American Institute for Islamic<br />
Affairs, School of International Service, The American <strong>University</strong>,, 1986.<br />
_____. "The Challenge of Muslim 'Minorityness': The American Experience." The<br />
Integration of Islam and Hinduism in Western Europe. Eds. W.A.R. Shadid and<br />
P.S. van Koningsveld. Kampen. the Netherlands: Kok, 1991.<br />
_____, ed. The Muslims of America. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford <strong>University</strong> Press, 1993.<br />
_____. "Muslims in U.S. Politics: Recognized and Integrated, or Seduced and<br />
Abandoned?" SAIS Review of International Affairs 21.2 (2001).<br />
Haddad, Yvonne, Byron Haines, and Ellison Findly, eds. The Islamic Impact. Syracuse:<br />
Syracuse <strong>University</strong> Press, 1984.<br />
Haddad, Yvonne Yazbeck, and John L. Esposito, eds. Muslims on the Americanization<br />
Path? Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1998.<br />
Haddad, Yvonne Yazbeck, and Adair T. Lummis. Islamic Values in the United States: A<br />
Comparative Study. New York: Oxford <strong>University</strong> Press, 1987.<br />
Haddad, Yvonne Yazbeck, and Jane Idleman Smith. Mission to America: Five Islamic<br />
Sectarian Communities in North America. Gainesville: <strong>University</strong> Press of<br />
Florida, 1993.<br />
Haddad, Yvonne Yazbeck, and Jane Idleman Smith, eds. Muslim Communities in North<br />
America. Albany, New York: State <strong>University</strong> of New York Press, 1994.
Haddad, Yvonne Yazbeck, and Jane I. Smith, eds. Muslim Minorities in the West:<br />
Visible and Invisible. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press, 2002.<br />
Hagopian, Elaine. "Minority Rights in a Nation-State: The Nixon Administration's<br />
Campaign against Arab-Americans." Journal of Palestine Studies 5.1/2 (1975):<br />
97-114.<br />
Haji, Abdelmajid. "The Arab in America Silent Cinema: A Study of a Film Genre."<br />
Ph. D. <strong>University</strong> of Kansas, 1993.<br />
Hakim, Jameela A. "A History of the First Muslim Mosque of Pittsburgh, Pa." Islam in<br />
North America: A Sourcebook. Eds. Michael A. Köszegi and J. Gordon Melton.<br />
New York: Garland Publishing, 1992. 153-63.<br />
Haleem, Muzaffar, and Betty Batul Bowman. The Sun Is Rising in the West : Journeys to<br />
Islam : New Muslims Tell About Their Journey to Islam. Beltsville: Amana<br />
Publications, 1999.<br />
Haney, Marsha Snulligan. Islam and Protestant African-American Churches : Responses<br />
and Challenges to Religious Pluralism. San Francisco, CA: International Scholars<br />
Publications, 1999.<br />
Haque, Amber, ed. Muslims and Islamization in North America: Problems and Prospects.<br />
Beltsville: Amana Publications, 1999.<br />
Harper, Frederick D. "The Influence of Malcolm X on Black Militancy." Journal of Black<br />
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Hasan, Asma Gull. American Muslims: The New Generation. New York: Continuum,<br />
2000.<br />
Hashem, Mazen. "The Acculturation of Immigrant Arab-Muslim's Children: A Survey of<br />
Attitudes and Values of Islamic-Centers Weekend School Students." M.A. De<br />
Paul <strong>University</strong>, 1989.<br />
_____. "Assimilation in American Life: An Islamic Perspective." Journal of Islamic<br />
Social Sciences 8.1 (1991): 83-97.<br />
Hassan, Umar A. "African-American Muslims and the Islamic Revival." Islam in the<br />
Contemporary World. Ed. Cyriac K. Pullapilly. Notre Dame, Ind.: Cross Road<br />
Books, 1980. 284-95.<br />
Howard, John R. "The Making of a Black Muslim." Society 35. 2 (1998): 32.
Jenkins, Everett. The Muslim Diaspora : A Comprehensive Reference to the Spread of<br />
Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the Americas. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland,<br />
1999.<br />
Jones, J. Lynn. Believing as Ourselves. Beltsville: Amana Publications, 2002.<br />
Jones-Bey, Hassaun Ali. Better Than a Thousand Months: An American Muslim Family<br />
Celebration. Fremont: Ibn Musa Publishing, 1996.<br />
Kaplan, Howard M. "The Black Muslims and the Negro American's Quest for<br />
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Kayal, Philip M., and Joseph M. Kayal. The Syrian-Lebanese in America: A Study in<br />
Religion and Assimilation. New York: Twayne Publishers, 1975.<br />
Kepel, Gilles. Allah in the West: Islamic Movements in America and Europe. Trans.<br />
Susan Milner. Stanford: Stanford <strong>University</strong> Press, 1997.<br />
Khalidi, Omar, ed. Indian Muslims in North America. Watertown, MA: South Asia Press,<br />
1991.<br />
Khan, Muqtedar A. American Muslims: Bridging Faith and Freedom. Beltsville: Amana<br />
Publications, 2002.<br />
Khan, Shahnaz. Muslim Women: Crafting a North American Identity. Gainesville:<br />
<strong>University</strong> Press of Florida, 2000.<br />
Laird, Lance. A Selective Study of Muslim Political Organization in the U.S.: Harvard<br />
<strong>University</strong>'s Pluralism Project Research, 1992.<br />
_____. Muslims in New England: A Selective Study of Muslim Political Organization in<br />
the U.S.: Harvard <strong>University</strong>'s Pluralism Project Research Seminar, 1992.<br />
Lang, Jeffery B. Struggling to Surrender: Some Impressions of an American Convert to<br />
Islam. 2nd ed: Amana Publications, 2000.<br />
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Lawrence, Bruce B. New Faiths, Old Fears: Muslims and Other Asian Immigrants in<br />
American Religious Life. New York: <strong>Columbia</strong> <strong>University</strong> Press, 2002.<br />
Lee, Martha Frances. The Nation of Islam: An American Millenarian Movement.<br />
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Lincoln, C. Eric. The Black Muslims in America. 3rd ed. Grand Rapids: W. B.<br />
Eerdsmans, 1994.<br />
Magida, Arthur J. Prophet of Rage: A Life of Louis Farrakhan and His Nation. New<br />
York: BasicBooks, 1996.<br />
Malkawi, Fathi. "The Future of Muslim Education in America: An Agenda for<br />
Research." American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 20.3&4 (2003): 46-82.<br />
Mallon, Ellias D., ed. Neighbors: Muslims in North America / Interviews by Elias D.<br />
Mallon. New York: Friendship Press, 1989.<br />
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Marsh, Clifton E. From Black Muslims to Muslims: The Transition from Separatism to<br />
Islam, 1930-1980. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1984.<br />
_____. The Lost-Found Nation of Islam in America. Reprint ed: Rowman & Littlefield<br />
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Marshall, A. Louis Farrakhan: Made in America. BSB Publishing, 1996.<br />
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international relations (1996): 493-506.<br />
McAlister, Melani. "One Black Allah: The Middle East in the Cultural Politics of African<br />
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McCloud, Aminah Beverly. African American Islam. New York: Routledge, 1995.<br />
_____. "A Method for the Study of Islam in America through the Narratives of African<br />
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*Miller, Lucius Hopkins. Our Syrian Population: A Study of the Syrian Communities of<br />
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*Mohammad-Arif, Aminah. Salaam America: South Asian Muslims in New York. Trans.<br />
Sarah Patey. Anthem South Asian Studies. London: Anthem Press, 2002.<br />
Moore, Kathleen. Al-Mughtaribun: American Law and the Transformation of Muslim<br />
Life in the United States. Suny Series in Middle Eastern Studies. Albany: State<br />
<strong>University</strong> of New York Press, 1995.<br />
_____. "The Case for Muslim Constitutional Interpretive Activity in the United States."<br />
American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 7.1 (1990): 65-75.<br />
_____. "Muslim Commitment in North America: Assimilation or Transformation?"<br />
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Muhammad, Akbar. "Some Factors Which Promote and Restrict Islamization in<br />
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*Nacos, Brigitte L., and Oscar Torres-Reyna. "Framing Muslim-Americans before and<br />
after 9/11." Framing Terrorism: The News Media, the Government, and the<br />
Public. Eds. Pippa Norris, Montague Kern and Marion Just. New York:<br />
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Naff, Alixa. Becoming American: The Early Arab Immigrant Experience. Carbondale:<br />
Southern Illinois <strong>University</strong> Press, 1985.<br />
Newby, Robert G. "Afro-Americans and Arabs: An Alliance in the Making?" Journal of<br />
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Nimer, Mohamed. The North American Muslim Resource Guide: Muslim Community<br />
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Noor, Abdul. The Supreme Understanding: The Teachings of Islam in North America.<br />
iUniverse, Inc., 2002.<br />
Norton, Philip. Black Nationalism in America: The Significance of the Black Muslim<br />
Movement. Hull Papers in Politics. Vol. 31. Hull: Department of Politics,<br />
<strong>University</strong> of Hull, 1983.<br />
Nu'man, Fareed H. The Muslim Population in the United States. Washington D.C.: The<br />
American Muslim Council, 1992.<br />
*Nuruddin, Yusuf. "The Five Percenters: A Teenage Nation of Gods and Earths." The<br />
Muslim Communities of North America. Eds. Yvonne Haddad and Jane Idleman<br />
Smith. Albany: SUNY Press, 1994.<br />
*_____."African American Muslims and the Question of Identity: Between Traditional<br />
Islam, African Heritage, and the American Way." Muslims on the<br />
Americanization Path? Eds. Yvonne Haddad and John Esposito. Atlanta: Scholars<br />
Press, 1998.<br />
Nyang, Sulayman S. "Islam in North America." The World's Religions: Islam. London:<br />
Routledge, 1988.<br />
_____. Islam in the United States of America. Chicago: ABC International Group, Inc.,<br />
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Oliver Jones, Jr. "The Black Muslim Movement and the American Constitutional<br />
System." Journal of Black Studies 13.4 (1983): 417-37.<br />
Painter, Nell Irvin. "Malcolm X across the Genres." The American Historical Review<br />
98.2 (1993): 432-39.<br />
Peart, Karen N. "Converts to the Faith; African American Muslims." Scholastic Update<br />
October 22, 1993 1993: 16.<br />
Pinn, Anthony B. Varieties of African American Religious Experience. Minneapolis,<br />
MN: Fortress Press, 1998.<br />
Poston, Larry. Islamic Da'wah in the West: Muslim Missionary Activity and the<br />
Dynamics of Conversion to Islam. New York: Oxford <strong>University</strong> Press, 1992.<br />
_____. The Changing Face of Islam in America: Understanding and Reaching Your<br />
Muslim Neighbor. Camp Hill, Pa: Horizon Books, 2000.<br />
*Rashid, Hakim M., and Zakiyyah Muhammad. "The Sister Clara Muhammad Schools:<br />
Pioneers in the Development of Islamic Education in America." Journal of Negro<br />
Education 61.2 (1992): 178-85.
Richardson, E. Allen. East Comes West: Asian Religions and Cultures in North America.<br />
New York: Pilgrim Press, 1985.<br />
*Roghanizad, Mollok. "Full-Time Muslim Schools in the United States, 1970-1990."<br />
Ph.D. <strong>University</strong> of Maryland, 1990.<br />
*Sachs, Susan. "Muslim Schools in U.S.: A Voice for Identity." The New York Times<br />
November 10 1998.<br />
Salem, Jamil Raja. "The Impact of Socio-Cultural Factors upon the Assimilation of<br />
Lebanese Moslem Groups in Metropolitan Detroit." Ph.D. Wayne State<br />
<strong>University</strong>, 1988<br />
Selby, Karen Lynn. "An Integrated versus a History-Centered Arrangement of Social<br />
Studies Content Used by Full-Time Islamic Schools in the United States." Ph. D.<br />
<strong>University</strong> of Michigan, 1994.<br />
Shaban, Fuad. Islam and Arabs in Early American Thought: Roots of Orientalism in<br />
America. Durham. N.C.: Acorn Press, 1991.<br />
Shabazz, Ilyasah. Growing up X. New York: One World, 2002.<br />
Shafiq, Muhammad. The Growth of Islamic Thought in North America: Focus on Isma'il<br />
Raji Al-Faruqi. Brentwood, Md.: Amana Publications, 1994.<br />
Shaheen, Jack G. Arab and Muslim Stereotyping in American Popular Culture.<br />
Washington, D.C.: Center for Muslim-Christian Understanding, Georgetown<br />
<strong>University</strong>, 1997.<br />
Sharafeldin, Ibnomer Mohamed. "Human Resource Management: An Islamic<br />
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