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A Bibliography - Teachers College Columbia University

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COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY<br />

SCHOOL OF INTERNATIONAL AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS<br />

MIDDLE EAST INSTITUTE<br />

MUSLIMS IN NEW YORK CITY PROJECT: A BIBLIOGRAPHY<br />

Introduction<br />

Intended for a broad audience of scholars, students and members of the general public,<br />

this bibliography is the product of an ongoing literature search that began in the fall of<br />

1999 by <strong>Columbia</strong> <strong>University</strong>'s Muslims in New York City Project. At first, the<br />

geographical scope of the search was limited to New York City, but when this<br />

preliminary effort netted a mere eight books, none of which focused exclusively on New<br />

York City, the search was expanded to encompass other US cities. Particular works<br />

whose focus or content pertains to New York City have been marked with an asterisk.<br />

Five general themes framed the parameters of the search: religious identity, community,<br />

civic engagement, political engagement, and media representation. The citations range<br />

across the social sciences and include books, chapters in edited volumes, articles in<br />

scholarly journals, and Ph.D. dissertations. With a few notable exceptions, newspaper and<br />

magazine articles have not been included since these can be easily and selectively<br />

retrieved using available Internet search engines such as LexisNexis or Google.<br />

<strong>Bibliography</strong><br />

*Abdus-Sabur. "A Muslim School's Response to the Dilemma of Ghetto Life." Ph.D.<br />

<strong>University</strong> of Virginia, 1998.<br />

Abedin, Syed Z., and Ziauddin Sardar, eds. Muslim Minorities in the West. London:<br />

Grey Seal (Publications) Limited, 1995.<br />

Abed-Rabbo, Samir. "The Neglected Focus." Journal Institute of Muslim Minority<br />

Affairs 5.1 (1983-84).<br />

Abilla, Walter D. The Black Muslims in America: An Introduction to the Theory of<br />

Commitment. Kampala: East African Literature Bureau, 1977.


Abraham, Sameer, ed. The Arab World and Arab-Americans: Understanding a Neglected<br />

Minority. Detroit: Wayne State <strong>University</strong>, Center for Urban Studies, 1981.<br />

_____. Arabs in the New World: Studies on Arab-American Communities. Detroit:<br />

Wayne State <strong>University</strong> Center for Urban Studies, 1983.<br />

Adloni, Mohammad Akram. "An Analysis of Selected Instructional Practices in Islamic<br />

Schools in North America as Perceived by Principals." Ph.D. Southern Illinois<br />

<strong>University</strong> of Carbondale, 1993.<br />

Afridi, Sam. Muslims in America : Identity, Diversity and the Challenge of<br />

Understanding. New York: Carnegie Corporation of New York, 2001.<br />

Ahmad, Muneer. "Homeland Insecurities: Racial Violence the Day after September 11."<br />

Social Text 20.3 (2002): 101-15.<br />

Ahmed, Gutbi Mahdi. "Muslim Organizations in the United States." The Muslims of<br />

America. Ed. Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad. New York: Oxford <strong>University</strong> Press,<br />

1991. 11-24.<br />

*Aidi, Hisham. "Let Us Be Moors: Islam, Race and 'Connected Histories'." Middle East<br />

Report 2003: 42-53.<br />

Akbar, Muhammad. "Muslims in the United States: History, Religion, Politics and<br />

Ethnicity." Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs 12.2 (1991): 433-49.<br />

Ali, Kamal. "Islamic Education in the United States: An Overview of Issues, Problems<br />

and Possible Approaches." The American Journal of Islamic Studies 1.2 (1984):<br />

127-32.<br />

Malkawi, Fathi. "The Future of Muslim Education in America: An Agenda for<br />

Research." American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 20.3&4 (2003): 46-82.<br />

*Ali, Zaheer. African American Islam in New York: Pluralism Project Research, Harvard<br />

<strong>University</strong>, 1993.<br />

Al-Jasir, Abdullah S.H. "Social, Cultural, and Academic Factors Associated with<br />

Adjustment of Saudi Students in the United States." Ph.D. <strong>University</strong> of Illinois at<br />

Urbana-Champaign, 1993.<br />

Alkhazraji, Khaled Mohammed. "Acculturation of Minorities and Immigrant Employees<br />

in U.S. Organizations: The Case of Islamic Minorities." Ph.D. The <strong>University</strong> of<br />

Mississippi, 1993.<br />

Al-Marayati, Salam. "The Rising Tide of Hostile Stereotyping of Islam." The<br />

Washington Report on Middle East Affairs.27 (1994).


Al-Zahrani, Abdul Aziz A. "U.S. Television and Press Coverage of Islam and Muslims."<br />

Ph.D. <strong>University</strong> of Oklahoma, 1988.<br />

Anway, Carol Anderson, and Carol L. Anway. Daughters of Another Path: Experiences<br />

of American Women Choosing Islam. Lee's Summit: Yawna Publications, 1996.<br />

Aswad, Barbara C. "Arab Muslim Families in the United States." Middle Eastern<br />

Diaspora Communities in America. Eds. Mehdi Bozorgmehr and Alison Feldman.<br />

New York: 17th Annual Summer Institute of the Joint Center for Near Eastern<br />

Studies of New York <strong>University</strong> and Princeton <strong>University</strong>, held in June 1996,<br />

Hagop Kevorkian Center for Near Eastern Studies at New York Universit, 1996.<br />

_____, and Barbara Bilge, eds. Family and Gender among American Muslims: Issues<br />

Facing Middle Eastern Immigrants and Their Descendants. Philadelphia: Temple<br />

<strong>University</strong> Press, 1996.<br />

Athar, Shahid. Reflections of an American Muslim. Chicago: Kazi Publications, 1994.<br />

Austin, Allan D. African Muslims in Antebellum America: A Source Book. New York:<br />

Garland, 1984.<br />

_____. African Muslims in Antebellum America: Transatlantic Stories and Spiritual<br />

Struggles. New York: Routledge, 1997.<br />

Bagby, Ihsan, Paul M. Perl, and Bryan T. Froehle. The Mosque in America: A National<br />

Portrait. Washington, D.C.: Council on American-Islamic Relations, 2001.<br />

Baldwin, Lewis V., and Amiri YaSin Al-Hadid, eds. Between Cross and Crescent :<br />

Christian and Muslim Perspectives on Malcolm and Martin. Gainesville:<br />

<strong>University</strong> Press of Florida, 2002.<br />

Barazangi, Nimat Hafez. "Perceptions of the Islamic Belief System: The Muslims in<br />

North America." Ph.D. Cornell <strong>University</strong>, 1988.<br />

_____. "Acculturation of North American Muslims: Minority Relations on Worldview<br />

Variation." Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs 11.2 (1990): 373-90.<br />

Barboza, Steven. American Jihad: Islam after Malcom X. New York: Doubleday, 1994.<br />

Battle, V. DuWayne. "The Influence of Al-Islam in America on the Black Community."<br />

The Black Scholar 19 (1988): 33-41.<br />

Ba-Yunus, Ilyas. A Report on Muslim Population in the United States. Richmond Hills:<br />

Center for American Muslim Research and Information, 1998.


*Benson, Kathleen, and Philip M. Kayal, eds. Community of Many Worlds : Arab<br />

Americans in New York City. New York: The Museum of the City of New York;<br />

Syracuse <strong>University</strong> Press, 2002.<br />

*Billah, Muhammed Mostaiz. "The Social Construction of Bangladeshi Muslim<br />

Community in New York City." M.A. Queens <strong>College</strong>, 1994.<br />

Bozorgmehr, Mehdi, and Alison Feldman. Middle Eastern Diaspora Communities in<br />

America: Proceedings of the 17th Annual Summer Institute of the Joint Center for<br />

near Eastern Studies of New York <strong>University</strong> and Princeton <strong>University</strong>: Hagop<br />

Kevorkian Center for Near Eastern Studies at New York <strong>University</strong>, 1996.<br />

Brodeur, Patrice. "The Islamic Society of North America: 1991 Annual Convention in<br />

Dayton, Ohio." The Islamic Society of North America: Annual Convention.<br />

Dayton, Ohio: Pluralism Project Research Notes, 1991.<br />

C.A.I.R. A Rush to Judgment : A Special Report on Anti-Muslim Stereotyping,<br />

Harassment and Hate Crimes Following the Bombing of Oklahoma City's Murrah<br />

Federal Building, April 19, 1995. Washington, D.C.: Council on American-<br />

Islamic Relations, 1995.<br />

Carson, Clayborne. Malcolm X: The FBI File. Ed. David Gallen. New York: Ballantine<br />

Books, 1995.<br />

Clarke, John H. Malcolm X: The Man and His Times. New York: MacMillan, 1969.<br />

Condit, Celeste Michelle, and John Louis Lucaites. "Malcolm X and the Limits of the<br />

Rhetoric of Revolutionary Dissent." Journal of Black Studies 23.3 (1993): 291-<br />

313.<br />

Cooper, Mary H. "Muslims in America: Can They Find a Place in American Society?"<br />

Congressional Quarterly Researcher 3 (1993): 363-83.<br />

*Cristillo, Louis Abdellatif, and Lorraine Minnite. "The Changing Arab New York<br />

Community." A Community of Many Worlds: Arab Americans in New York<br />

City. Eds. Kathleen Benson and Philip Kayal. Syracuse: Syracuse <strong>University</strong><br />

Press, 2002.<br />

Culpepper, Mary Louise Dagenhart. Growing up Muslim in America: Reflections of<br />

Parents and Youth: Harvard <strong>University</strong>'s Pluralism Project Research Seminar,<br />

1993.<br />

Curtis, Edward E. Islam in Black America: Identity, Liberation, and Difference in<br />

African-American Islamic Thought. State Univ of New York Press, 2002.


*D'Agostino, Melissa. "Muslim Personhood: Translation, Transnationalism and Islamic<br />

Religious Education among Muslims in New York City." Journal of Muslim<br />

Minority Affairs 23.1 (2003).<br />

Dannin, Robert. Black Pilgrimage to Islam. March 2002. New York: Oxford <strong>University</strong><br />

Press, 2002.<br />

Deburg, William L. Van. Modern Black Nationalism : From Marcus Garvey to Louis<br />

Farrakhan. New York: New York <strong>University</strong> Press, 1997.<br />

Diouf, Sylviane Anna. Servants of Allah: African Muslims Enslaved in the Americas.<br />

New York: New York <strong>University</strong> Press, 1998.<br />

*Dodds, Jerrilynn. "The Dome and the Grid." Aramco World, 47.6 (1996): 30-39.<br />

_____, and Ed Grazda (Photographer). New York Masjid: The Mosques of New York.<br />

New York: powerHouse Books, 2002.<br />

*Duncombe, Stephen, Stephen J. Sifaneck, and Andras Szanto. "The Incense Merchant<br />

on Times Square: The Black Muslim Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism." Sex,<br />

Scams and Street Life: The Sociology of New York City's Times Square. Ed.<br />

Robert P. McNamara. Westport: Praeger, 1995. 43-55.<br />

Dyson, Michael Eric. "X Marks the Plots: A Critical Reading of Malcolm's Readers."<br />

Social Text.35 (1993): 25-55.<br />

El-Badry, Samia. "Understanding Islam in America." American Demographics 16<br />

(1994): 10-11.<br />

Elkholy, Abdo A. The Arab Moslems in the United States: Religion and Assimilation.<br />

New Haven: <strong>College</strong> and <strong>University</strong> Press, 1996.<br />

Essien-Udom, E.U. Black Nationalism: A Search for an Identity in America. Chicago:<br />

<strong>University</strong> of Chicago Press, 1995.<br />

*Ferris, Marc. "To ‘Achieve the Pleasure of Allah’: Immigrant Muslim Communities in<br />

New York City 1893-1991." Muslim Communities in North America. Eds.<br />

Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad and Jane Idleman Smith. Albany: State <strong>University</strong> of<br />

New York Press, 1994. 209-30.<br />

_____. "America's First Black Muslims." American Legacy 3.4 (1998).<br />

Friedlander, Jonathan, ed. Sojourners and Settlers : The Yemeni Immigrant Experience.<br />

Salt Lake City: <strong>University</strong> of Utah Press, 1988.<br />

Gardell, Mattias. In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and the Nation of<br />

Islam. Durham, N.C.: Duke <strong>University</strong> press, 1996.


GhaneaBassiri, Kambiz. Competing Visions in the United States: A Study of Los<br />

Angeles. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1997.<br />

Ghayur, Arif. "Demographic Evolution of Pakistanis in America: Case Study of a<br />

Muslim Subgroup." The American Journal of Islamic Studies 1 (1984): 113-26.<br />

Gomez, Michael A. "Muslims in Early America." The Journal of Southern History 60.4<br />

(1994): 671-710.<br />

Gutjahr, Paul C. "The State of the Discipline: Sacred Texts in the United States." Book<br />

History 4 (2001).<br />

Haddad, Yvonne Yazbeck. "Islamic Institutions in America: Adaptations and Reform."<br />

Arabs in the New World: Studies on Arab American Communities. Eds. Sameer<br />

Abraham and Nabeel Abraham. Detroit: Wayne State <strong>University</strong> Press, 1983.<br />

_____. "Muslims in America." Islam: The Religious and Political Life of a Community.<br />

Ed. Marjorie Kelly. New York: Praeger Press, 1984.<br />

_____. A Century of Islam in America. Washington, D.C.: American Institute for Islamic<br />

Affairs, School of International Service, The American <strong>University</strong>,, 1986.<br />

_____. "The Challenge of Muslim 'Minorityness': The American Experience." The<br />

Integration of Islam and Hinduism in Western Europe. Eds. W.A.R. Shadid and<br />

P.S. van Koningsveld. Kampen. the Netherlands: Kok, 1991.<br />

_____, ed. The Muslims of America. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford <strong>University</strong> Press, 1993.<br />

_____. "Muslims in U.S. Politics: Recognized and Integrated, or Seduced and<br />

Abandoned?" SAIS Review of International Affairs 21.2 (2001).<br />

Haddad, Yvonne, Byron Haines, and Ellison Findly, eds. The Islamic Impact. Syracuse:<br />

Syracuse <strong>University</strong> Press, 1984.<br />

Haddad, Yvonne Yazbeck, and John L. Esposito, eds. Muslims on the Americanization<br />

Path? Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1998.<br />

Haddad, Yvonne Yazbeck, and Adair T. Lummis. Islamic Values in the United States: A<br />

Comparative Study. New York: Oxford <strong>University</strong> Press, 1987.<br />

Haddad, Yvonne Yazbeck, and Jane Idleman Smith. Mission to America: Five Islamic<br />

Sectarian Communities in North America. Gainesville: <strong>University</strong> Press of<br />

Florida, 1993.<br />

Haddad, Yvonne Yazbeck, and Jane Idleman Smith, eds. Muslim Communities in North<br />

America. Albany, New York: State <strong>University</strong> of New York Press, 1994.


Haddad, Yvonne Yazbeck, and Jane I. Smith, eds. Muslim Minorities in the West:<br />

Visible and Invisible. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press, 2002.<br />

Hagopian, Elaine. "Minority Rights in a Nation-State: The Nixon Administration's<br />

Campaign against Arab-Americans." Journal of Palestine Studies 5.1/2 (1975):<br />

97-114.<br />

Haji, Abdelmajid. "The Arab in America Silent Cinema: A Study of a Film Genre."<br />

Ph. D. <strong>University</strong> of Kansas, 1993.<br />

Hakim, Jameela A. "A History of the First Muslim Mosque of Pittsburgh, Pa." Islam in<br />

North America: A Sourcebook. Eds. Michael A. Köszegi and J. Gordon Melton.<br />

New York: Garland Publishing, 1992. 153-63.<br />

Haleem, Muzaffar, and Betty Batul Bowman. The Sun Is Rising in the West : Journeys to<br />

Islam : New Muslims Tell About Their Journey to Islam. Beltsville: Amana<br />

Publications, 1999.<br />

Haney, Marsha Snulligan. Islam and Protestant African-American Churches : Responses<br />

and Challenges to Religious Pluralism. San Francisco, CA: International Scholars<br />

Publications, 1999.<br />

Haque, Amber, ed. Muslims and Islamization in North America: Problems and Prospects.<br />

Beltsville: Amana Publications, 1999.<br />

Harper, Frederick D. "The Influence of Malcolm X on Black Militancy." Journal of Black<br />

Studies 1.4 (1971): 387-402.<br />

Hasan, Asma Gull. American Muslims: The New Generation. New York: Continuum,<br />

2000.<br />

Hashem, Mazen. "The Acculturation of Immigrant Arab-Muslim's Children: A Survey of<br />

Attitudes and Values of Islamic-Centers Weekend School Students." M.A. De<br />

Paul <strong>University</strong>, 1989.<br />

_____. "Assimilation in American Life: An Islamic Perspective." Journal of Islamic<br />

Social Sciences 8.1 (1991): 83-97.<br />

Hassan, Umar A. "African-American Muslims and the Islamic Revival." Islam in the<br />

Contemporary World. Ed. Cyriac K. Pullapilly. Notre Dame, Ind.: Cross Road<br />

Books, 1980. 284-95.<br />

Howard, John R. "The Making of a Black Muslim." Society 35. 2 (1998): 32.


Jenkins, Everett. The Muslim Diaspora : A Comprehensive Reference to the Spread of<br />

Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the Americas. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland,<br />

1999.<br />

Jones, J. Lynn. Believing as Ourselves. Beltsville: Amana Publications, 2002.<br />

Jones-Bey, Hassaun Ali. Better Than a Thousand Months: An American Muslim Family<br />

Celebration. Fremont: Ibn Musa Publishing, 1996.<br />

Kaplan, Howard M. "The Black Muslims and the Negro American's Quest for<br />

Communion: A Case Study in the Genesis of Negro Protest Movements." The<br />

British Journal of Sociology 20.2 (1969): 164-76.<br />

Kayal, Philip M., and Joseph M. Kayal. The Syrian-Lebanese in America: A Study in<br />

Religion and Assimilation. New York: Twayne Publishers, 1975.<br />

Kepel, Gilles. Allah in the West: Islamic Movements in America and Europe. Trans.<br />

Susan Milner. Stanford: Stanford <strong>University</strong> Press, 1997.<br />

Khalidi, Omar, ed. Indian Muslims in North America. Watertown, MA: South Asia Press,<br />

1991.<br />

Khan, Muqtedar A. American Muslims: Bridging Faith and Freedom. Beltsville: Amana<br />

Publications, 2002.<br />

Khan, Shahnaz. Muslim Women: Crafting a North American Identity. Gainesville:<br />

<strong>University</strong> Press of Florida, 2000.<br />

Laird, Lance. A Selective Study of Muslim Political Organization in the U.S.: Harvard<br />

<strong>University</strong>'s Pluralism Project Research, 1992.<br />

_____. Muslims in New England: A Selective Study of Muslim Political Organization in<br />

the U.S.: Harvard <strong>University</strong>'s Pluralism Project Research Seminar, 1992.<br />

Lang, Jeffery B. Struggling to Surrender: Some Impressions of an American Convert to<br />

Islam. 2nd ed: Amana Publications, 2000.<br />

Laue, James H. "A Contemporary Revitalization Movement in American Race Relations:<br />

The 'Black Muslims'." Social Forces, 42.3 (1964): 315-23.<br />

Lawrence, Bruce B. New Faiths, Old Fears: Muslims and Other Asian Immigrants in<br />

American Religious Life. New York: <strong>Columbia</strong> <strong>University</strong> Press, 2002.<br />

Lee, Martha Frances. The Nation of Islam: An American Millenarian Movement.<br />

Syracuse: Syracuse <strong>University</strong> Press, 1996.


Lincoln, C. Eric. The Black Muslims in America. 3rd ed. Grand Rapids: W. B.<br />

Eerdsmans, 1994.<br />

Magida, Arthur J. Prophet of Rage: A Life of Louis Farrakhan and His Nation. New<br />

York: BasicBooks, 1996.<br />

Malkawi, Fathi. "The Future of Muslim Education in America: An Agenda for<br />

Research." American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 20.3&4 (2003): 46-82.<br />

Mallon, Ellias D., ed. Neighbors: Muslims in North America / Interviews by Elias D.<br />

Mallon. New York: Friendship Press, 1989.<br />

Mamiya, Lawrence H. "From Black Muslim to Bilalian: The Evolution of a Movement."<br />

Journal of the Scientific Study of Religion 21 (1982): 138-52.<br />

Marable, Manning. "Black Fundamentalism: Louis Farrakhan and the Politics of<br />

Conservative Black Nationalism,." Dissent 45.2 (1998): 69-76.<br />

Marsh, Clifton E. From Black Muslims to Muslims: The Transition from Separatism to<br />

Islam, 1930-1980. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1984.<br />

_____. The Lost-Found Nation of Islam in America. Reprint ed: Rowman & Littlefield<br />

Publishers, Inc., 2000.<br />

Marshall, A. Louis Farrakhan: Made in America. BSB Publishing, 1996.<br />

Mazrui, Ali A. "Between the Crescent and the Star-Spangled Banner: American Muslims<br />

and US Foreign Policy." International Affairs 72. Special issue on ethnicity and<br />

international relations (1996): 493-506.<br />

McAlister, Melani. "One Black Allah: The Middle East in the Cultural Politics of African<br />

American Liberation, 1955-1970." American Quarterly 51.3 (1999): 622-56.<br />

McCloud, Aminah Beverly. African American Islam. New York: Routledge, 1995.<br />

_____. "A Method for the Study of Islam in America through the Narratives of African<br />

American Muslim Women." Ph. D. Temple <strong>University</strong>, 1993.<br />

McGowan, William G. "Media Blitz; Stereotyping of Muslims Americans." Scholastic<br />

Update October 22, 1993 1993: 20.<br />

Mehdi, Beverlee Turneer. The Arabs in America, 1492-1977. Dobbs Ferry, New York:<br />

Oceana Publications, Inc., 1978.<br />

Meleis, Afaf I. "Arab Students in Western Universities: Social Properties and Dilemmas."<br />

Journal of Higher Education 53.4 (1982): 439-47.


Metcalf, Barbara Daly, ed. Making Muslim Space in North America and Europe.<br />

Berkeley: <strong>University</strong> of California Press, 1996.<br />

*Miller, Lucius Hopkins. Our Syrian Population: A Study of the Syrian Communities of<br />

Greater New York. New York?, 1904?<br />

*Mohammad-Arif, Aminah. Salaam America: South Asian Muslims in New York. Trans.<br />

Sarah Patey. Anthem South Asian Studies. London: Anthem Press, 2002.<br />

Moore, Kathleen. Al-Mughtaribun: American Law and the Transformation of Muslim<br />

Life in the United States. Suny Series in Middle Eastern Studies. Albany: State<br />

<strong>University</strong> of New York Press, 1995.<br />

_____. "The Case for Muslim Constitutional Interpretive Activity in the United States."<br />

American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 7.1 (1990): 65-75.<br />

_____. "Muslim Commitment in North America: Assimilation or Transformation?"<br />

American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 11.2 (1994): 223-43.<br />

Muhammad, Akbar. "Some Factors Which Promote and Restrict Islamization in<br />

America." American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences.1 (1984): 41-50.<br />

Muhammad, Amir N. Muslims in America: Seven Centuries of History (1312-1998):<br />

Collections and Stories of American Muslims. Amana Publications, 1998.<br />

Muhammad, Tahir, and Ali Siddiq. "Literature about Islam in America: A Survey of<br />

Source of Information." American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 4.1 (1987):<br />

127-33.<br />

Munir, Fareed Z. "Islam in America: An African American Pilgrimage toward<br />

Coherence." Ph.D. Temple <strong>University</strong>, 1993.<br />

*Nacos, Brigitte L., and Oscar Torres-Reyna. "Framing Muslim-Americans before and<br />

after 9/11." Framing Terrorism: The News Media, the Government, and the<br />

Public. Eds. Pippa Norris, Montague Kern and Marion Just. New York:<br />

Routledge, 2003.<br />

Naff, Alixa. Becoming American: The Early Arab Immigrant Experience. Carbondale:<br />

Southern Illinois <strong>University</strong> Press, 1985.<br />

Newby, Robert G. "Afro-Americans and Arabs: An Alliance in the Making?" Journal of<br />

Palestine Studies 10.2 (1981): 50-58.<br />

Nimer, Mohamed. The North American Muslim Resource Guide: Muslim Community<br />

Life in the United States and Canada. New York: Routledge, 2002.


Noor, Abdul. The Supreme Understanding: The Teachings of Islam in North America.<br />

iUniverse, Inc., 2002.<br />

Norton, Philip. Black Nationalism in America: The Significance of the Black Muslim<br />

Movement. Hull Papers in Politics. Vol. 31. Hull: Department of Politics,<br />

<strong>University</strong> of Hull, 1983.<br />

Nu'man, Fareed H. The Muslim Population in the United States. Washington D.C.: The<br />

American Muslim Council, 1992.<br />

*Nuruddin, Yusuf. "The Five Percenters: A Teenage Nation of Gods and Earths." The<br />

Muslim Communities of North America. Eds. Yvonne Haddad and Jane Idleman<br />

Smith. Albany: SUNY Press, 1994.<br />

*_____."African American Muslims and the Question of Identity: Between Traditional<br />

Islam, African Heritage, and the American Way." Muslims on the<br />

Americanization Path? Eds. Yvonne Haddad and John Esposito. Atlanta: Scholars<br />

Press, 1998.<br />

Nyang, Sulayman S. "Islam in North America." The World's Religions: Islam. London:<br />

Routledge, 1988.<br />

_____. Islam in the United States of America. Chicago: ABC International Group, Inc.,<br />

1999.<br />

Oliver Jones, Jr. "The Black Muslim Movement and the American Constitutional<br />

System." Journal of Black Studies 13.4 (1983): 417-37.<br />

Painter, Nell Irvin. "Malcolm X across the Genres." The American Historical Review<br />

98.2 (1993): 432-39.<br />

Peart, Karen N. "Converts to the Faith; African American Muslims." Scholastic Update<br />

October 22, 1993 1993: 16.<br />

Pinn, Anthony B. Varieties of African American Religious Experience. Minneapolis,<br />

MN: Fortress Press, 1998.<br />

Poston, Larry. Islamic Da'wah in the West: Muslim Missionary Activity and the<br />

Dynamics of Conversion to Islam. New York: Oxford <strong>University</strong> Press, 1992.<br />

_____. The Changing Face of Islam in America: Understanding and Reaching Your<br />

Muslim Neighbor. Camp Hill, Pa: Horizon Books, 2000.<br />

*Rashid, Hakim M., and Zakiyyah Muhammad. "The Sister Clara Muhammad Schools:<br />

Pioneers in the Development of Islamic Education in America." Journal of Negro<br />

Education 61.2 (1992): 178-85.


Richardson, E. Allen. East Comes West: Asian Religions and Cultures in North America.<br />

New York: Pilgrim Press, 1985.<br />

*Roghanizad, Mollok. "Full-Time Muslim Schools in the United States, 1970-1990."<br />

Ph.D. <strong>University</strong> of Maryland, 1990.<br />

*Sachs, Susan. "Muslim Schools in U.S.: A Voice for Identity." The New York Times<br />

November 10 1998.<br />

Salem, Jamil Raja. "The Impact of Socio-Cultural Factors upon the Assimilation of<br />

Lebanese Moslem Groups in Metropolitan Detroit." Ph.D. Wayne State<br />

<strong>University</strong>, 1988<br />

Selby, Karen Lynn. "An Integrated versus a History-Centered Arrangement of Social<br />

Studies Content Used by Full-Time Islamic Schools in the United States." Ph. D.<br />

<strong>University</strong> of Michigan, 1994.<br />

Shaban, Fuad. Islam and Arabs in Early American Thought: Roots of Orientalism in<br />

America. Durham. N.C.: Acorn Press, 1991.<br />

Shabazz, Ilyasah. Growing up X. New York: One World, 2002.<br />

Shafiq, Muhammad. The Growth of Islamic Thought in North America: Focus on Isma'il<br />

Raji Al-Faruqi. Brentwood, Md.: Amana Publications, 1994.<br />

Shaheen, Jack G. Arab and Muslim Stereotyping in American Popular Culture.<br />

Washington, D.C.: Center for Muslim-Christian Understanding, Georgetown<br />

<strong>University</strong>, 1997.<br />

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