The Category P Features, Projections, Interpretation

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b. rut kibla tmixa mi-dan
Ruth received support from-Dan
Note that using the same kind of sequence is impossible with [-c+m] assigning verbs
such as hifxid (‘frightened’) or hix’is (‘angered’):
(67) a. dan hifxid/hix’is et rut
Dan frightened/angered Acc Ruth
b. *rut kibla hafxadot/ke’asim mi-dan
Ruth received frights/angers from-Dan
An additional way to highlight the Goal-Recipient interpretation of [-c] is
exemplified in (68)-(70). Verbs selecting a [-c] argument can occasionally be
paraphrased by a motion/transfer verb followed by a DP:
(68) a. dan iyem al rina
Dan threatened on Rina
b. dan [šalax iyumim] le-rina
Dan sent threats to-Rina
(69) a. dan alav be-rina 43
Dan insulted in-Rina
b. dan [heti’ax elbonot] be-rina
Dan threw insults in-Rina
(70) a. dan hibit be-rina
Dan looked in-Rina
43 alav be- (‘insulted in’) is a somewhat archaic verb, used mainly in high register and written Hebrew.
In colloquial Hebrew it is replaced by he’eliv, which is not a PP-verb, it assigns Accusative to its
internal argument. It is not implausible that the preposition be- with alav is a historical relic. However,
there are reasons to doubt this. For one, unlike he’eliv which can occur in an expletive subject
construction (ia), alav cannot (ib). I leave this intriguing fact for future research:
(i) a. ze he’eliv oti še-rut ixra
it insulted me that-Ruth [was] late
b. *ze alav bi še-rut ixra
it insulted in+me that-Ruth [was] late
“It insulted me that Ruth was late.”