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EEG and Brain Connectivity: A Tutorial - Bio-Medical Instruments, Inc.

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Fig. 37 – Example of a measure of cross-frequency phase synchrony which<br />

is defined as maximal when the 2 nd derivative of the phase difference time<br />

series = 0 or the average 2 nd derivative approximates zero. The lower the<br />

average 2 nd derivative then the greater is cross-frequency phase synchrony or<br />

n:m phase synchrony.<br />

Figure 38 summarizes the important relationship between crossfrequency<br />

phase locking <strong>and</strong> the constant phase differences <strong>and</strong> the 2 nd<br />

derivative = 0.

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