EEG and Brain Connectivity: A Tutorial - Bio-Medical Instruments, Inc.

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Fig. 13- Diagram of phase reset metrics. Phase shift (PS) onset was defined at the time point when a significant 1 st derivative occurred (≥ 5 0 /centisecond), phase shift duration (SD) was defined as the time from onset to offset of the phase shift and the phase synchrony interval (SI) was defined as the interval of time between the onset of a phase shift and the onset of a subsequent phase shift. Phase reset (PR) is composed of two events: 1- a phase shift and 2- a period of synchrony following the phase shift where the 1 st derivative ≈ 0 or PR = SD + SI. (from Thatcher et al, 2008a; 2008b) 17- How large should coherence be before Phase Difference can be regarded as stable? As mentioned previously, the confidence internal for the estimation of the average phase angle between two time series is related to the magnitude of coherence. When coherence is near unity then the oscillators are synchronized and phase and frequency locked. This means that when coherence is too low, e.g., < 0.2, then the estimate of the average phase angle may not be stable and phase relationships could be non-linear and not synchronized or phase locked. An example of a 30 degree phase angle using the NeuroGuide signal generation program is shown in figure 13:
Fig. 13 shows an example of two 10 uV sine waves with the second sine wave shifted by 30 degrees with increasing amounts of noise added to the signal in one channel (signalto-noise ratio). The data is 60 seconds sampled at 128 Hz.(from Thatcher et al, 2004). Analyses were produced using the NeuroGuide Lexicor demo from the download at www.appliedneuroscience.com.
Page 1 and 2: (unpublished manuscript - Version 1
Page 3 and 4: 29- Definition of the Cross Channel
Page 5 and 6: possible and this is why the cospec
Page 7 and 8: is because there are relatively lon
Page 9 and 10: Fig. 1 - Illustration of volume con
Page 11 and 12: Fig. 3- Example of cospectrum (in-p
Page 13 and 14: coefficient is a valid and importan
Page 15 and 16: Eq. 1- r = ∑ N ∑ N ( X ( X −
Page 17 and 18: Fig. 5 - Comparisons between the Br
Page 19 and 20: to a Pearson product-moment correla
Page 21 and 22: constitute the basis for all spectr
Page 23 and 24: The frequency analysis of a time se
Page 25 and 26: That is, the cross-spectrum power i
Page 27 and 28: Demo). 11- Third Compute Coherence
Page 29 and 30: 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0
Page 31 and 32: frame” of consciousness (Thatcher
Page 33 and 34: Fig. 9 - Various degrees and types
Page 35 and 36: Fig. 10 - Illustrations of phase re
Page 37: when the 1 st derivative of the pha
Page 41 and 42: Figure 15 - The x-axis are differen
Page 43 and 44: Fig - 16. Top is coherence (y-axis)
Page 45 and 46: Coherence inflation is defined as a
Page 47 and 48: time over which the average is comp
Page 49 and 50: Nonetheless, “instantaneous” ph
Page 51 and 52: Example of conventional digital EEG
Page 53 and 54: score; 2- Simplification by providi
Page 55 and 56: the brain. The integration of QEEG
Page 57 and 58: Multiple frequencies and multiple m
Page 59 and 60: Example of one of the progress char
Page 61 and 62: advantage of imaging of non-cortica
Page 63 and 64: where n is the number of observatio
Page 65 and 66: Fig. 22 - Illustration of phase str
Page 67 and 68: measure of the area under the curve
Page 69 and 70: Fig. 24 - Top is filtered EEG at 25
Page 71 and 72: Fig. 26 - Top is the spontaneous EE
Page 73 and 74: 27- How to compute Auto-channel Cro
Page 75 and 76: 30- Cross-Channel Cross-Frequency C
Page 77 and 78: degrees or radians and is “normal
Page 79 and 80: exhibits statistically significant
Page 81 and 82: www.appliedneuroscience.com 37 - Co
Page 83 and 84: elationships as defined by the phas
Page 85 and 86: Fig. 33 - Example of phase differen
Page 87 and 88: Fig. 35 - Example of 4 different fr
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Fig. 37 - Example of a measure of c
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Fig. 39- Illustration of how cross-
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Fig. 41- Example of cross-frequency
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Gray, C.M., Konig, P., Engle, A.K.
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localization and functional connect
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35 - 48, 2007. Thatcher, R.W., Bive
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Cannon, R., Lubar, J., Sokhadze, E.
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Lubar, J., Congedo, M. and Askew, J
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Yoo, S. S. et al. Increasing cortic
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F and likewise, F iω0t iϕ t [ y e
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6- Phase Delay or phase difference
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