Lightness and Brightness and Other Confusions

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– system 9–10, 13, 22, 29, 49, 51– 52, 63, 72, 80–83, 85, 88–89, 94–96 – temperature 63, 93 fn coloured shadows 7–8, 10 Colour Rendering Index (CRI) 62 colourfulness 84, 89, 90 complementary colour 80, 83 fn, 85 Comte, Auguste 17 cone (receptor) 12, 82, 89 constancy 36 – of colour 42, 92–93, 95 – of lightness 73–76 constancy colour 24, 25, 50, 98–100 contrast 36, 51, 54 fn, 72, 92, 103 contrast colour 8 conventional light concepts 47 D daylight 8–14, 36, 72, 93, 103 daylight illuminant (D65) 61 Degas, Edgar 11 delta E ( E) 60 Descartes, René 10–11, 21 dominant wavelength 60, 91 E ecological theory of perception 22, 30, 26, 103 electromagnetic – radiation energy 18, 28, 38, 53, 65 – spectrum 54 elementary colour, hue 49, 51–52, 69, 71, 77, 80–84, 88, 96 Evans, Ralph 11, 12 fn, 100 fn excitation purity 89, 91 F fluorent colour 51 fluorescence 56 formula colour 57 fovea 39–40 Fridell Anter, Karin 24, 30, 49, 50, 51 fn, 63 fn, 64, 88, 95–97, 102, 103 G Galilei, Galileo 10–11, 19 Ganzfeld 95 fn Gauguin, Paul 42 Gibson, James J. 22–23, 30, 103- 104 passim glare 48 Goldstein, Bruce E. 38–39, 41 Grassmann, Hermann 83 passim Grassmann’s laws 83 Gregory, Richard 39–40 H Hardin, C. L. 18, 102 Heidegger, Martin 20–21 Helmholtz, Hermann von 82, 88, 92, 98, 99 fn Hering, Ewald 24 fn, 79, 80, 82, 92, 99 fn HSB, HSL, HSV 77, 91 Hubel, David 77, 79, 84 hue 9–13, 49, 51, 52, 54, 68, 69, 71, 76, 77, 80–82, 84, 85 hue angle 87, 88, 89, 91 Husserl, Edmund 20–21 Hård, Anders 27 fn, 38, 49, 50 fn, 52 fn, 63, 88, 96–97, 98 I identity colour 49, 68, 74 fn, 97–98, 100 illuminance 59, 60, 70, 73–76, 92 inherent colour 50 fn, 68, 96–98 intentionality 42, 95, 100 intensity – of colour (see: colour intensity) – of light 5, 24, 54, 70–71, 75, 92 – radiant energy, radiation 23, 58 inverted spectrum 11, 14 Invisible Gorilla 40 ‘invisible light’ 54 Itten, Johannes 78–79, 80 fn, 81 fn, 82 106
J James, William 16, 22–23 JND (just noticeable difference) 58 K Kant, Immanuel 19–20, 22 fn Katz, David 30, 49, 51, 104 Kuehni, Rolf 13 fn, 83, 88 L L<strong>and</strong>, Edwin 100 fn Langer, Susanne K. 17–18, 26, 31 Le Blon, Jacob Cristoph 81 light – scattering of 92 – speed of 53, 54 lightness 24, 47, 49, 67–76, 85, 86 light-year 53 local colour 93, 96, 98 Locke, John 11, 18, 19, 21 luminance 10, 59, 60, 67, 70, 72–76 passim luminous (self-luminous) colour 51, 72, 74, 90 luminous flux 59, 60 luminous intensity 59, 60 lux 59, 69, 75 lux meter 59 Mondrian, Piet 78 fn Monet, Claude 41–42 monochromatic – radiation 54, 55, 58 – colour 9 Munsell, Albert Henry 52, 80 Munsell Book of Color 52 N Natural Colour System (NCS) 22, 29, 49, 51–52, 63, 71–72, 80–82 passim, 88, 89, 91, 94–96 passim NCS – blackness 30, 71, 72, 80, 88–89, 91 – chromaticness 27, 30, 67, 71, 72, 84, 88, 91 – nuance 51, 52 – whiteness 30, 71–72, 80–81 passim, 88, 89, 91 – saturation 91 Newton, Isaac 9, 18, 53 Noë, Alva 22, 24, 25, 30, 69 fn, 99 fn, 104 nominal colour 50, 63, 96–98 non-related colour 85, 90, 91, 94– 95 Nordström, Lars-Gunnar 34 M MacAdam, David 88 MacAdam ellipses 62 MacAdam limits 88 Maund, Barry, 19 Maxwell, James Clerk 80 Maxwell disc 80 memory colour 24, 100 fn Merleau-Ponty, Maurice 21–23, 41, 74 fn 97, 104 mesopic vision 36 metamerism 12 mind-body problem 7, 15 mode of appearance (of colour) 49, 50, 72, 90 mode of attention 41, 42, 95, 97–98 O object colour 92, 93 optic array 35 fn optic flow 35 fn Optical Society of America (OSA) 29, 87, 88, 89 OSA Uniform Color Space 29 Ostwald, Wilhelm 80 Ostwald Colour System 71, 80, 81 fn, 89 P painting (art) 9, 11, 29, 34 fn, 41, 42, 51, 78–80 passim, 93, 94 fn perceived 107
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Contents Foreword .................
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faculties. It is therefore most fit
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We are left with the paint chip. He
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The domain of colour psychophysics
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greater than the smallest colour di
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involved. It is worth mentioning th
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Ulf Klarén Natural Experiences and
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that without “benefit of logic”
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er of mental categories perceptions
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ence derives its origin from multip
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oth for perception of lightness (Gi
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knowledge constitutes logical knowl
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INDIRECT EXPERIENCE culturally tran
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tinctions and colour similarities.
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References Baumgarten, Gottlieb (19
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Harald Arnkil Seeing and Perceiving
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ception is entirely integrated with
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parallel lines although they almost
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What Gregory is saying is that at t
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Zeki goes on to say to say that Mon
Page 46 and 47:
References Billger, Monica (1999).
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Light and colour as experienced thr
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conventional concepts, which can be
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could be called the constancy colou
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colours yellow, red, blue and green
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etween about 380 and 780 nm, which
Page 58 and 59: Cadmium Red 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 4
Page 60 and 61: meaning of the word to be more corr
Page 62 and 63: Examples of photometric concepts an
Page 64 and 65: Examples of colorimetric concepts a
Page 66 and 67: Figure 15. Visual measuring of nomi
Page 68 and 69: References Billger, M. (1999). Colo
Page 70 and 71: Especially problematic is the situa
Page 72 and 73: continually confused with each othe
Page 74 and 75: W 05 10 20 30 40 50 C 60 90 70 80 7
Page 76 and 77: elation to the light source or obse
Page 78 and 79: ecause the lower reflectance of p i
Page 80 and 81: and religious symbolism. It is also
Page 82 and 83: Munsell’s principal hues and Heri
Page 84 and 85: As the inks developed the three-pri
Page 86 and 87: David Hubel has proposed that the f
Page 88 and 89: any hue is one of constant value. I
Page 90 and 91: saturation, taken together, and is
Page 92 and 93: Discussion From all of this one may
Page 94 and 95: The real colours of objects To see
Page 96 and 97: measured either trichromatically wi
Page 98 and 99: Inherent, identity and nominal colo
Page 100 and 101: uniformly coloured. Colour variatio
Page 102 and 103: flexibility is a natural part of th
Page 104 and 105: About the Authors Harald Arnkil is
Page 106 and 107: Hardin wrote the book for philosoph
Page 110 and 111: - colour 8, 24-25, 30, 42, 49-50, 5
Page 112: 110
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