Curriculum 2006/2007

UNIVERSITY OF SZEGED 

Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical and 

Pharmaceutical Center 

Where knowledge and challenge meet 

CURRICULUM 

2006/2007

2 

Curriculum 2006/2007 

Publisher: 

Prof. Dr. Gyula Szabó 

SZTE ÁOK Nyomda 

(University Press)

Curriculum 2006/2007 3 

Content 

Brief History of the University of Szeged and the 

Albert Szent Györgyi Medical and Pharmacutical Center……………………………………………………. 4 

Management of the University of Szeged…………………………………………………………………….….. 5 

Mangement of the Faculties ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 6 

Management of the Albert-Szent-Györgyi Medical and Pharmaceutical Center…………………..... 7 

Management of the Faculty of Medicine ……………………………………………………………………….… 8 

Management of the Faculty of Pharmacy …………………………………………………………………….…. 9 

Foreign Students' Secretariat …………………………………………………………………………………….….. 10 

Organizational units of the Albert Szent Györgyi Medical and Pharmaceutical Center 

Faculty of Medicine ………………………………………………………………………………………………... 12 

Section of Dentistry ……………………………………………….………………………………………………. 17 

Faculty of Pharmacy ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 18 

List of educational advisors and research consultants ..…………………………………..……............. 19 

Academic Calendar …………………………………………………………………………………………………….… 21 

Fees …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 22 

Study Programs 

Faculty of Medicine 

General information regarding the Credit System……………………………………………………….. 24 

Suggested study plans ………………………………………………………………………………………....... 26 

Compulsory practices in summer ……………………………………………………………………………... 41 

Special courses ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 42 

Topics for the scientific circle (TDK) …………………………………………………………………………. 43 

Recommended textbooks ………………………………………………………………………………………... 48 

Syllabuses ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 63 

Section of Dentistry 


Suggested study plans …..…………………………………………………………………………………….…. 162 

Recommended textbooks …………………………………………………………………………………….….. 169 

Syllabuses …………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….. 175 

Faculty of Pharmacy 


Suggested study plans …..……………………………………………………………………………………….. 195 

Syllabuses …………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….. 205 

Vow to be made by 1 st year medical, dentistry and pharmacy students …………………………..…. 277 

Oath to be taken by medical graduates ………………………………………………………..………………… 277 

Oath to be taken by pharmacy graduates …………………………………………………….…………………. 277

4 


BRIEF HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF SZEGED AND THE ALBERT SZENT-GYÖRGYI MEDICAL AND 

PHARMACEUTICAL CENTER 

In 1775 Empress Maria Theresa established a medical faculty at the Báthory University in Kolozsvár. The empress 

promised to send two medical doctors as lecturers to Kolozsvár and with her order in January 26, 1775 she 

provisionally introduced education first in Pathology, Surgery and Obstetrics. The second department was 

established by József II. in 1787. During the rein of Ferenc I. two new departments were founded. The Department 

of Medical Surgery, which was called Classis Chirurgica from 1789, and Facultas Medica from 1808, then became 

Institutum Medico-Chirurgicum from 1817 and was separated from the royal lyceum. The number of its departments 

rose to 15 and it operated independently until 1872. On 7 April 1870 Baron József Eötvös presented a Bill to the 

House of Representatives about the founding of the new University in Kolozsvár, its base was the Academy of Law 

(the remaining part of the Báthory University) and the Department of Medical Surgery. The legal predecessor of 

the Faculty is the Ferencz József University, which had four faculties and was founded in Kolozsvár by the Act 

XIX and XX in 1872. It moved to Szeged in 1921 (Act XXV). From 1940 to 1945 the medical training of the University 

was under the name Hungarian Miklós Horthy University of Sciences which was called University of Szeged between 

1945 and ‘50. In 1951 the Medical Faculty formed an independent institution under the name of Medical University 

of Szeged. Pharmacy training was started at an independent faculty (separate from the medical faculty) in 1957, and 

the Division of Dentistry part of the Faculty of Medicine was established in 1962. In 1987 the University 

assumed the name of its former Biochemistry Professor, Dean of the Faculty of Medicine, Rector, and 

Nobel Prize Laureate, Albert Szent-Györgyi. In January 2000 the Faculty of Medicine and the Faculty of 

Pharmacy – as the Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical and Pharmaceutical Center – became again part of 

the University of Szeged. From January, 2007 the Section of Dentistry will function as an independent 

Faculty. 

The English-Language Program offered for foreign students at the Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of 

Pharmacy started in 1985 and 1986 respectively. The German-Language Program at the Faculty of 

Medicine was introduced in 1999 (coordinated with the Faculty of Medicine of the Semmelweis 

University in Budapest). In the year 2004 the English-language dentistry program was launched. 

The Historiae Domus of the Faculty is represented by some internationally known professors: József Baló 

(Pathology), Béla Issekutz, Miklós Jancsó (Pharmacology), Dezsı Miskolczy (Neurology), Géza Hetényi (Internal 

Medicine), Albert Szent-Györgyi (Biochemistry). 

The Faculty of Medicine obtained its basis for education by running a high-level clinical and research work. The task 

of the Faculty is represented by three different fields: education, research-work and prevention-treatment. 

The Faculty consists of 52 different Departments (clinics, laboratories, pre-clinical departments). The total number of 

employees is 3932. 3 professors are members of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (H.Sc.A.), 2 professors are 

correspondent members of the H.Sc.A, and 42 professors are doctors of the H.Sc.A. Furthermore, 231 members of 

the H.Sc.A. are candidates or have the rank of Ph.D. The number of the habilitated professors is more than 120. 

The conditions of education of the University are regulated by the Ministry of Education. The medical and 

pharmaceutical programs were first accredited by the Hungarian Accreditation Committee in the year 

1998 (registration number: MAB 10-40/II/1998.sz.). The accreditation was renewed in 2005. 

In the year 2006 the Faculty of Medicine and the Faculty of Pharmacy have been awarded the title Center of 

Excellence (for the period between the years 2006-2011) by the Hungarian Accreditation Committee.


MANAGEMENT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF SZEGED 

Address: 6720 Szeged, Dugonics tér 13. 

Tel.: + 36 62 544-001 

RECTOR 

PROF. GÁBOR SZABÓ 

VICE-RECTOR FOR GENERAL AFFAIRS AND PLANNING 

PROF. BÉLA RÁCZ 

VICE-RECTOR FOR SCIENTIFIC AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS 

Prof. IMRE DÉKÁNY 

Corresponding member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences 

VICE-RECTOR FOR EDUCATION 

Prof. BÉLA PUKÁNSZKY 

VICE-RECTOR FOR STUDENT AFFAIRS 

Prof. ATTILA BADÓ 

SECRETARY GENERAL OF THE UNIVERSITY 

Dr. MÁRIA MERÉNYI 

GENERAL DIRECTOR FOR FINANCE AND MAINTENANCE 

Dr. FERENC TRÁSER 

HEAD OF THE RECTOR’S CABINET 

ESZTER KOCSIS

6 


MANAGEMENT OF THE FACULTIES 

COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE 

Prof. IMRE MUCSI 

General Director 

COLLEGE OF FOOD INDUSTRY 

Dr. ANTAL VÉHA 


CONSERVATORY OF MUSIC 

Prof. FERENC KEREK 


FACULTY OF ARTS 

Dr. TIBOR ALMÁSI 

Dean 

FACULTY OF ECONOMICS 

Dr. ERZSÉBET HETESI 

Dean 

FACULTY OF HEALTH SCIENCES 

Prof. MAGDOLNA POGÁNY 


FACULTY OF LAW 

Dr. IMRE SZABÓ 

Dean 

FACULTY OF MEDICINE 

Prof. GYÖRGY BENEDEK 

Dean 

FACULTY OF PHARMACY 

Prof. FERENC FÜLÖP 

Dean 

FACULTY OF SCIENCES 

Prof. JÁNOS CSIRIK 

Dean 

GYULA JUHÁSZ TEACHER TRAINING COLLEGE 

Prof. GÁBOR GALAMBOS 

General Director


MANAGEMENT OF THE ALBERT-SZENT-GYÖRGYI MEDICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL CENTER 

Address: 6720 Szeged, Dugonics tér 13. 

Tel.: + 36 62 545-007, Fax: + 36 62 545-005 

PRESIDENT OF THE CENTER 

PROF. TIVADAR MIKÓ 

(Tel.: + 36 62 545-007) 

CO-PRESIDENTS OF THE CENTER 

PROF. GYÖRGY BENEDEK 

Dean of Faculty of Medicine 

(Tel.: + 36 62 545-015) 

PROF. FERENC FÜLÖP 

Dean of Faculty of Pharmacy 

(Tel.: + 36 62 545-022) 

VICE-PRESIDENT FOR PLANNING 

PROF. LAJOS KEMÉNY 

(Tel.: + 36 62 545-007) 

VICE-PRESIDENT FOR CLINICAL AFFAIRS 

PROF. LÁSZLÓ THURZÓ 

(Tel.: + 36 62 545-007) 

VICE-PRESIDENT FOR POST-GRADUATE STUDIES AND RESIDENCY TRAINING OF MEDICINE 

PROF. FERENC HAJNAL 

(Tel.: + 36 62 545-007, 545-015, 544-911) 

VICE-PRESIDENT FOR POST-GRADUATE STUDIES AND RESIDENCY TRAINING OF PHARMACY 

PROF. ISTVÁN ERİS 

(Tel.: + 36 62 545-007) 

SECRETARY OF THE CENTER 

DR. IVÁN KOVÁCS 

(Tel.: + 36 62 545-007, 545-015, 426-529)

8 


MANAGEMENT OF THE FACULTY OF MEDICINE 

Address: 6720 Szeged, Tisza L. krt. 107. 

Tel.: + 36 62 545-016, Fax: + 36 62 426-529 

DEAN: 

Prof. GYÖRGY BENEDEK, M.D., Ph.D., D.Sc. 

VICE-DEANS: 

Prof. GÁBOR JANCSÓ, M.D., Ph.D., D.Sc. 

Prof. LAJOS KEMÉNY, M.D., Ph.D., D.Sc. 

Prof. LÁSZLÓ THURZÓ, M.D., Ph.D. 

Prof. SÁNDOR TÚRI, M.D., Ph.D., D.Sc. 

HEAD OF THE DEAN'S OFFICE: 

Dr. ANDRÁS LEDNITZKY, L.D. 

SECTION OF DENTISTRY 

Address: 6720 Szeged, Tisza Lajos körút 64-66. 

Tel.: + 36 62 545-299, Fax: + 36 62 545-282 

HEAD: 

Dr. habil. KATALIN NAGY D.D.S., Ph.D.


MANAGEMENT OF THE FACULTY OF PHARMACY 

Address: 6720 Szeged, Zrínyi u. 9. 

Tel/Fax: + 36 62 545-022 

DEAN 

PROF. FERENC FÜLÖP, D. Chem., Ph.D., D.Sc. 

VICE-DEANS 

Prof. PIROSKA RÉVÉSZ, D. Pharm., Ph.D. 

Prof. JUDIT HOHMANN, D.Chem., Ph.D., D.Sc. 

HEAD OF THE DEAN'S OFFICE 

Dr. ILONA LANTOS, D. Pharm.

10 


FOREIGN STUDENTS' SECRETARIAT 

Address: 6720 Szeged, Dóm tér 12. 

Tel: + 36 62 545-458 

Fax: +36 62 545-028, +36 62 544-562 

Web: www.szote.u-szeged.hu/angoltit 

E-mail: english.program@medea.szote.u-szeged.hu, deutsches.programm@medea.szote.u-szeged.hu 

Head of the Foreign Students’ Program: 

Prof. habil. GYULA SZABÓ, M.D., Ph.D., D.Sc. 

Reception Hours: Monday, Thursday 11.30-12.00 

Educational advisor (English Program): 

Prof. habil. BOTOND PENKE, M.D., Ph.D., D.Sc. 

Corresponding member of the Hungarian Academy of Seciences 

Educational advisor (German Program, Pre-Medical Programs): 

Dr. habil. ANDRÁS RINGLER, M.Sc., Ph.D., 

Special advisor on housing affairs: 

Prof. habil. GÁBOR TÓTH, Ph.D., D.Sc. 

Head of the Foreign Students’ Secretariat: 

ANDREA LEHOCKI-BALOG 

Tel.: + 36 62 545-458 

E-mail: ba@medea.szote.u-szeged.hu 

Academic officers: 

ALEXANDRA BÁNFI 

Tel.: + 36 62 545-031 

E-mail: balex@medea.szote.u-szeged.hu 

(English Pharmacy Program, English Medical Program: year 6) 

ÉVA CSÁSZÁR 

Tel.: + 36 62 545-030 

E-mail: office@medea.szote.u-szeged.hu 

(German Medical Program: year 2, English Preparatory Course, German Program application and admission) 

ZSUZSANNA KOVÁCS 

Tel.: + 36 62 545-030 

E-mail: kzs@medea.szote.u-szeged.hu 

(English Medical Program: years 3-5, Dentistry Program: years 1-5) 

ANITA TAKÁCS 

Tel.: + 36 62 545-029 

E-mail: sekretariat@medea.szote.u-szeged.hu 

(German Medical Program: year 1, German Preparatory Course, German Program application and admission) 

JUDIT TÓTH 

Tel.: + 36 62 545-836 

E-mail: admission@medea.szote.u-szeged.hu 

(English Medical Program: Basic Module (year 1-2), English Program application and admission)


KRISTÓF SZILÁGYI 

Tel.: +36 62 545-029 

E-mail: etr@medea.szote.u-szeged.hu 

(ETR (Unified Academic System) coordinator) 

EDINA CSERNUS 

Tel.: + 36 62 545-031 

E-mail: faa@medea.szote.u-szeged.hu 

(Financial Aid Administrator, Tuition Fee) 

Reception hours: 

Monday, Tuesday and Thursday: 10.30 - 12.30 and 14.30 - 15.30 

Wednesday and Friday: 10.30 - 12.30

12 


ORGANIZATIONAL UNITS OF THE ALBERT SZENT GYÖRGYI MEDICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL CENTER 

FACULTY OF MEDICINE 

Pre-Clinical Departments 

Dept. of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology (ANATÓMIAI, SZÖVET- ÉS FEJLİDÉSTANI INTÉZET) 

(Szeged, Kossuth Lajos sugárút 40. Tel: + 36 62 545-665, Fax: + 36 62 545-707) 

Head of Department: Prof. habil. ANDRÁS MIHÁLY, M.D., Ph.D., D.Sc. 

Department of Aviation and Space (REPÜLİ- ÉS ŐRORVOSI TANSZÉK) 

(Kecskemét, Balaton u. 17. Tel.: + 36 76-483-393, Fax: +36 76 481-254) 

Head of Department: Dr. ANDOR GRÓSZ, M.D., Ph.D. 

Dept. of Biochemistry (BIOKÉMIAI INTÉZET) 

(Szeged, Dóm tér 9. Tel.: + 36 62 545-096, Fax: + 36 62 545-097) 

Head of Department: Prof. habil. LÁSZLÓ DUX, M.D., Ph.D., D.Sc. 

Department of Foreign Languages (IDEGENNYELVI INTÉZET) 

(Szeged, Szentháromság u. 5. Tel./Fax: + 36 62 425-521) 

Head of Department: Dr. ÉVA DEMETER, Ph.D. 

Department of Medical Biology (ORVOSI BIOLÓGIAI INTÉZET) 

(Szeged, Somogyi Béla u. 4. Tel.: + 36 62 545-109, Fax: + 36 62 545-131) 

Head of Department: Prof. habil. ERNİ DUDA, Ph.D., D.Sc. 

Maternal Effect and Embryology Research Group 

(MTA ANYAI HATÁS ÉS EMBRIOLÓGIA KUTATÓCSOPORT) 

(Szeged, Somogyi B. u. 4. Tel.: 545-588) 

Hungarian Academy of Sciences - University of Szeged 

Head: Dr. habil. JÁNOS SZABAD, Ph.D., D.Sc. 

Department of Medical Chemistry (ORVOSI VEGYTANI INTÉZET) 


Head of Department: Prof. habil. GÁBOR TÓTH, D.Chem., Ph.D., D.Sc. 

Protein Chemistry Research Group 

(MTA FEHÉRJEKÉMIAI KUTATÓCSOPORT 

(Szeged, Dóm tér 8. Tel.: + 36 62 544-593) 


Head: Prof. habil. BOTOND PENKE, D. Chem., Ph.D., D.Sc. 

Department of Medical Informatics (ORVOSI INFORMATIKAI INTÉZET) 

(Szeged, Korányi fasor 9. Tel.: + 36 62 545-077, Fax: + 36 62 544-566) 

Head of Department: Prof. habil. ZOLTÁN HANTOS, Ph.D., D.Sc. 

Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology 

(ORVOSI MIKROBIOLÓGIAI ÉS IMMUNOBIOLÓGIAI INTÉZET) 


Head of Department: Prof. habil. YVETTE MÁNDI, MD., Ph.D., D.Sc. 

Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics (ORVOSI FIZIKAI ÉS BIOFIZIKAI INTÉZET) 

(Szeged, Dóm tér 13. Tel.: + 36 62 545-076) 

Head of Department: Dr. habil. ANDRÁS RINGLER, Ph.D., M.Sc. 

Department of Pathophysiology (KÓRÉLETTANI INTÉZET) 

(Szeged, Semmelweis u. 1. Tel.: + 36 62 545-994, Fax: + 36 62 545-710) 

Head of Department: Prof. habil. GYULA SZABÓ, M.D., Ph.D., D.Sc.


Neurohumoral Research Group 

(MTA NEUROHUMORÁLIS KUTATÓCSOPORT) 



Head: Prof. habil. GYULA TELEGDY, M.D., Ph.D., D.Sc. 

Ordinary Member of Hungarian Academy of Science 

Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy 

(FARMAKOLÓGIAI ÉS FARMAKOTERÁPIAI INTÉZET) 


Head of Department: Prof. habil. ANDRÁS VARRÓ, M.D., Ph.D., D.Sc. 

Division of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 

(MTA-SZTE KERINGÉSFARMAKOLÓGIAI KUTATÓCSOPORT) 



Head: Prof. habil GYULA PAPP, M.D., Ph.D., D.Sc. 

Ordinary Member of Hungarian Academy of Sciences 

Department of Physiology (ÉLETTANI INTÉZET) 


Head of Department: Prof. habil. GYÖRGY BENEDEK, M.D., Ph.D. D.Sc. 

Department of Public Health (NÉPEGÉSZSÉGTANI INTÉZET) 


Head of Department: Prof. habil. LÁSZLÓ NAGYMAJTÉNYI, M.D., Ph.D., D.Sc. 

Institute of Surgical Research (SEBÉSZETI MŐTÉTTANI INTÉZET) 

(Szeged, Pécsi u. 4. Tel.: + 36 62 545-103, Fax: 545-743) 

Head of Department: Prof. habil. MIHÁLY BOROS, M.D., Ph.D., D.Sc. 

Research Laboratory for Molecular Medicine (MOLEKULÁRIS MEDICINA OKTATÓ- ÉS 

KUTATÓLABORATÓRIUM) 

(Szeged, Somogyi Béla u. 4. Tel./Fax: + 36 62 544-569) 

Head: Dr. habil. KÁROLY GULYA, Ph.D., D.Sc. 

Clinics, Clinical and Diagnostic Departments 

Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy 

(ANESZTEZIOLÓGIAI ÉS INTENZÍV TERÁPIÁS INTÉZET) 

(Szeged, Pécsi u. 4. Tel.: + 36 62 545-168, Fax: + 36 62 545-593) 

Head of Department: Prof. habil. LÁSZLÓ VIMLÁTI, M.D., Ph.D. 

Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 

(GYERMEK ÉS IFJÚSÁGPSZICHIÁTRIAI ÖNÁLLÓ OSZTÁLY) 

(Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6. Tel./Fax: + 36 62 545-052) 

Head of Section: Dr. ÁGNES VETRÓ, M.D., Ph.D. 

Department of Clinical Chemistry 

(KLINIKAI KÉMIAI INTÉZET) 

(Szeged, Somogyi Béla tér 1. Tel.: + 36 62 545-751) 

Head of Laboratory: Prof. habil. ANDREA RITA HORVÁTH, M.D., Ph.D., EurClinChem, FRCPath 

Department of Dermatology and Allergology (BİRGYÓGYÁSZATI ÉS ALLERGOLÓGIAI KLINIKA) 

(Szeged, Korányi fasor 6. Tel.: + 36 62 545-259, Fax: +36 62 545-954) 

Head of Department: Prof. habil. LAJOS KEMÉNY, M.D., Ph.D., D.Sc.

14 


Dermatology Reseach Group 

(MTA-SZTE DERMATOLÓGIAI KUTATÓCSOPORT) 

(Szeged, Korányi fasor 6. Tel.: + 36 62 545-277) 


Head: Prof. habil. ATTILA DOBOZY, M.D., Ph.D., D.Sc. 

Ordinary Member of Hungarian Academy of Sciences 

Department of Family Medicine (CSALÁDORVOSI INTÉZET ÉS RENDELİ) 

(Szeged, Korányi fasor 9. Tel./Fax: + 36 62 545-553) 

Head of Department: Prof. habil. FERENC HAJNAL, M.D., Ph.D. 

Department of Forensic Medicine (IGAZSÁGÜGYI ORVOSTANI INTÉZET) 

(Szeged, Kossuth Lajos sugárút 40. Tel./Fax: + 36 62 545-708) 

Head of Department: Prof. habil. TIBOR VARGA, M.D., Ph.D. 

Departments of Internal Medicine 

First Department of Internal Medicine (I. SZ. BELGYÓGYÁSZATI KLINIKA) 

(Szeged, Korányi fasor 8-10, Secretary: Tel.: + 36 62 545-187, Fax: + 36 62 545-185) 

Head of Department: Prof. habil. JÁNOS LONOVICS, M.D., Ph.D., D.Sc. 

Second Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiological Center (II. SZ. BELGYÓGYÁSZATI 

KLINIKA ÉS KARDIOLÓGIAI KÖZPONT) 


Head of Department: Prof. habil. TAMÁS FORSTER, M.D., Ph.D., D.Sc. 

Cardiac Surgery 

(SZÍVSEBÉSZETI OSZTÁLY) 

(Szeged, Pécsi u. 4. Fel: +36 62 545-183, Fax: +36 62 544-563) 

Head: Dr. GÁBOR BOGÁTS, M.D. 

Department of Medical Genetics (ORVOSI GENETIKAI INTÉZET) 

(Szeged, Somogyi Béla u. 4. Tel.: + 36 62 545-134, Fax: + 36 62 545-699) 

Head of Department: Prof. habil. JÁNOS SZABÓ, M.D., Ph.D., D.Sc. 

Department of Neurology (NEUROLÓGIAI KLINIKA) 


Head of Department: Prof. habil. LÁSZLÓ VÉCSEI, M.D., Ph.D., D.Sc. 

Corresponding Member of Hungarian Academy of Science 

Department of Neurosurgery (IDEGSEBÉSZETI KLINIKA) 

(Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6. Tel.: + 36 62 545-379, Tel./Fax: +36 62 545-972) 

Head of Department: Prof. habil. PÁL BARZÓ, M.D., Ph.D., D.Sc. 

Department of Nuclear Medicine (NUKLEÁRIS MEDICINA INTÉZET) 


Head of Department: Prof. habil. LÁSZLÓ PÁVICS, M.D., Ph.D., D.Sc. 

Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 

(SZÜLÉSZETI ÉS NİGYÓGYÁSZATI KLINIKA) 


Head: Prof. habil. ATTILA PÁL, M.D., Ph.D. 

Department of Oncotherapy (ONKOTERÁPIÁS KLINIKA) 

(Section A: Szeged, Korányi fasor 12., Section B: Szeged, Semmelweis u. 1 

Tel.: + 36 62 545-404, Fax: +36 62 545-922) 

Head of Department: Prof. habil. LÁSZLÓ THURZÓ, M.D., Ph.D.


Department of Ophthalmology (SZEMÉSZETI KLINIKA) 

(Szeged, Korányi fasor 10-11. Tel.: + 36 62 545-487, Fax: + 36 62 544-573) 

Head: Prof. habil. LAJOS KOLOZSVÁRI, M.D., Ph.D. 

Department of Orthopedics (ORTOPÉDIAI KLINIKA) 


Head of Department: Prof. habil. KÁLMÁN TÓTH, M.D., Ph.D. 

Central Physiotherapeutic Unit and Educational Group 

(KÖZPONTI FIZIOTERÁPIÁS RÉSZLEG ÉS OKTATÁSI CSOPORT) 

Head: Dr. TAMÁS BENDER, M.D., Ph.D. 

Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 

(FÜL, ORR, GÉGÉSZETI ÉS FEJ-NYAKSEBÉSZETI KLINIKA) 

(Szeged, Tisza Lajos körút 111. Tel.: + 36 62 545-310, Fax: + 36 62 545-848) 

Head: Prof. habil. JÓZSEF JÓRI, M.D., Ph.D. 

Department of Pathology (PATOLÓGIAI INTÉZET) 

(Szeged, Állomás u. 2. Tel.: + 36 62 545-148, 545-878, Fax: + 36 62 545-868) 

Head of Department: Prof. habil. TIVADAR MIKÓ, M.D., Ph.D. 

Department of Pediatrics Child Health Center 

(GYERMEKGYÓGYÁSZATI KLINIKA ÉS GYERMEKEGÉSZSÉGÜGYI KÖZPONT) 

(Szeged, Korányi fasor 14-15. Tel.: + 36 62 545-331, Fax: + 36 62 545-329) 

Head: Prof. habil. SÁNDOR TÚRI, M.D., Ph.D., D.Sc. 

Department of Pediatrics Child Health Center Section B 

(GYERMEKGYÓGYÁSZATI KLINIKA ÉS GYERMEKEGÉSZSÉGÜGYI KÖZPONT “B” RÉSZLEG) 

(Szeged, Temesvári körút 35. Tel.: + 36 62 592-900, Fax: + 36 62 436-387) 

Department of Pediatrics Child Health Center Outpatient Department Section C 

(GYERMEKGYÓGYÁSZATI KLINIKA ÉS GYERMEKEGÉSZSÉGÜGYI KÖZPONT “C” RÉSZLEG 

GYERMEK ÉS IFJÚSÁGI SZAKORVOSI RENDELİINTÉZET) 

(Szeged, Boldogasszony sugárút 15. Tel.: + 36 62 549-620, Fax: + 36 62 549-646) 

Department of Psychiatry (PSZICHIÁTRIAI KLINIKA) 


Head of Department: Prof. habil. ZOLTÁN JANKA, M.D., Ph.D., D.Sc. 

Alzheimer Research Group 

(ALZHEIMER-KÓR KUTATÓ CSOPORT) 


Head: Dr. habil. JÁNOS KÁLMÁN, M.D., Ph.D. 

Section of Behavioural Sciences 

(MAGATARTÁSTUDOMÁNYI CSOPORT) 

(Szeged, Szentháromság u. 5. Tel./Fax: + 36 62 420-530, + 36 62 545-968) 

Head: Dr. habil. KATALIN BARABÁS, M.D., Ph.D. 

Section of Gerontology 

(GERONTOLÓGIAI OKTATÁSI RÉSZLEG) 

Head: Dr. habil. SÁNDOR BENKİ Ph.D. 

Neuro-Psychiatric Rehabilitation Section 

(NEUROPSZICHIÁTRIAI REHABILITÁCIÓS OSZTÁY) 

(Szeged, Pulcz u. 1. Tel.: + 36 62 545-378, Fax: + 36 62 545-709) 

Head: ZOLTÁN KOVÁCS M.D.

16 


Department of Pulmonology (TÜDİGYÓGYÁSZATI TANSZÉK) 

(Deszk, Alkotmány u. 36. Tel./Fax: + 36 62 571-552) 

Acting Head of Department: Dr. ATTILA SOMFAY, M.D., Ph.D. 

Department of Radiology (RADIOLÓGIAI KLINIKA) 


Head of Department: Prof. habil. ANDRÁS PALKÓ, M.D., Ph.D. 

Department of Rheumatology (REUMATOLÓGIAI TANSZÉK) 

(Szeged, Kossuth L. sugárút 42. Tel.: + 36 62 553-841, Fax: + 36 62 422-371) 

Head of Department: Prof. habil. GYULA POKORNYI, M.D., Ph.D. 

Department of Surgery (SEBÉSZETI KLINIKA) 

(Szeged, Pécsi u. 4. Tel.: + 36 62 545-444, Fax: +36 62 545-701) 

Head of Department: Prof. habil. GYÖRGY LÁZÁR, M.D., Ph.D. 

Department of Transfusion (TRANSZFÚZIOLÓGIAI TANSZÉK) 

(Szeged, Pécsi u. 4/b Tel.: +36 62 546-805Fax: + 36 62 545-908) 

Head of Department: Dr. KLÁRA VEZENDI, M.D. Ph.D. 

Department of Traumatology (TRAUMATOLÓGIAI KLINIKA) 


Head of Department: Prof. habil. JÁNOS AURÉL SIMONKA, M.D., Ph.D. 

Department of Urology (UROLÓGIAI TANSZÉK) 

(Szeged, Kálvária sugárút 57. Tel./Fax: + 36 62 490-590/280) 

Head of Department: Prof. habil. LÁSZLÓ PAJOR, M.D.,Ph.D. 

Division of Endocrinology and Research Laboratory 

(ENDOKRINOLÓGIAI ÖNÁLLÓ OSZTÁLY ÉS KUTATÓ LABORATÓRIUM) 

(Szeged, Korányi fasor 8. Tel./Fax: + 36 62 545-211) 

Head of Division: Prof. habil. JÁNOS JULESZ, M.D., Ph.D. 

Institute of Clinical Microbiology 

(KLINIKAI MIKROBIOLÓGIAI DIAGNOSZTIKAI INTÉZET) 

(Szeged, Somogyi Béla tér 1. Tel.: 545-398, Tel./Fax: 545-712) 

Head of Institute: Prof. habil. ERZSÉBET NAGY, M.D., Ph.D., D.Sc. 

Microbiological Research Group 

(MTA, SZTE, MIKROBIOLÓGIAI KUTATÓCSOPORT) 

(Szeged, Közép fasor 52. Tel.: 544-005, Fax: 544-823) 

Head: Prof. habil. Erzsébet Nagy, M.D., Ph.D., D.Sc. 

Pharmacy of the Faculty of Medicine (ORVOSKARI GYÓGYSZERTÁR) 

(Szeged, Szikra u.8. Tel.: + 36 62 545-061, Tel./Fax: + 36 62 545-974) 

Head Pharmacist: Dr. GABRIELLA JÁNOSI, D. Pharm.


SECTION OF DENTISTRY 

(Szeged, Tisza Lajos körút 664-66. Tel.: +36 62 545-299, Fax: +36 62 545-282) 

Department of Conservative Dentistry, Oral Medicine and Parodontology 

(KONZERVÁLÓ FOGÁSZATI, ORÁLIS MEDICINA ÉS PARODONTOLÓGIAI TANSZÉK) 

Head: Dr. ISTVÁN GORZÓ associate professor, MSD., Ph.D. 

Department of Oral Biology 

(ORÁLIS BIOLÓGIA TANSZÉK) 

Head: Prof. biol. habil. Dr. ZOLTÁN RAKONCZAY Ph.D., D.Sc. 

Department of Oral Surgery 

(SZÁJSEBÉSZETI TANSZÉK) 

Head: Dr. habil. KATALIN NAGY D.DS., Ph.D. 

Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontic 

(GYERMEKFOGÁSZATI ÉS FOGSZABÁLYOZÁSI TANSZÉK) 

Head: Dr. GÁBOR KOCSIS SAVANYA, associate professor, D.DS., Ph.D. 

Department of Prosthodontic 

(FOGPÓTLÁSTANI TANSZÉK) 

Head: Dr. MÁRTA RADNAI D.DS., Ph.D.

18 



Department of Clinical Pharmacy 

(KLINIKAI GYÓGYSZERÉSZETI INTÉZET) 

(Szeged, Szikra u. 8. Tel.: + 36 62 544-922, Fax: +36 62 544-921) 

Head of Department: Dr. GYÖNGYVÉR SOÓS, D. Pharm., Ph.D. 

Department of Drug Regulatory Affairs 

(GYÓGYSZERFELÜGYELETI INTÉZET) 

(Szeged, Eötvös u. 6. Tel./Fax: +36 62 546-115) 

Head of Department: Prof. habil. TAMÁS L. PAÁL., D. Pharm., Ph. D. 

Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis 

(GYÓGYSZERANALITIKAI INTÉZET) 

(Szeged, Somogyi u. 4. Tel.: + 36 62 545-804, Fax: +36 62 545-806) 

Head of Department: Prof. habil. GYÖRGY DOMBI, D.Chem., Ph.D. 

Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry 

(GYÓGYSZERKÉMIAI INTÉZET) 

(Szeged, Eötvös u. 6. Tel.: + 36 62 545-562, Fax: +36 62 545-705) 

Head of Department: Prof. habil. FERENC FÜLÖP, D.Chem., Ph.D., D.Sc. 

Department of Pharmaceutical Technology 

(GYÓGYSZERTECHNOLÓGIAI INTÉZET) 

(Szeged, Eötvös u. 6. Tel./Fax: + 36 62 545-571) 

Head of Department: Prof. habil. PIROSKA RÉVÉSZ, D.Pharm., Ph.D., D.Sc. 

Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmaceutics 

(GYÓGYSZERHATÁSTANI ÉS BIOFARMÁCIAI INTÉZET) 

(Szeged, Eötvös u. 6. Tel./Fax: + 36 62 545-567) 

Head of Department: Prof. habil. GYÖRGY FALKAY, D.Pharm., Ph.D., D.Sc. 

Department of Pharmacognosy 

(FARMAKOGNÓZIAI INTÉZET) 

(Szeged, Eötvös u. 6. Tel.: + 36 62 545-558, Fax: +36 62 324-177) 

Head of Department: Prof. habil. IMRE MÁTHÉ, Ph.D., D.Sc.


LIST OF EDUCATIONAL ADVISORS AND RESEARCH CONSULTANTS 

Research at the bench or on a clinical basis provides a very important perspective for future physicians. It gives the 

students a chance to pursue common goals with faculty mentors and may give a glimpse into potential careers. 

Students are strongly encouraged to consider research opportunities. See your scientific research consultant at each 

department. 

Department Educational advisor Research consultant 

Dept. of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology. Dr. István Pór Dr. Annamária Kovács 

62/545668 

por@anat-fm.szote.u-szeged.hu 

Dept. of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy Dr. Ágnes Király Dr. László Praefort 

62/545347 

kiralyag@pedia.szote.u-szeged.hu 

Dept. of Behavioral Science Dr. Bettina Pikó Dr. Katalin Barabás 

62/545968 

piko@nepsy.szote.u-szeged.hu 

Dept. of Biochemistry Dr. Zsuzsanna Kiss Dr. Péter Ferdinándy 

62/544000/2810 

zsuzsa@biochem.szote.u-szeged.hu 

Dept. of Medical Physics and Biophysics Dr. Erzsébet Bálint Dr. András Ringler 

62/544519 

Institute of Clinical Microbiology Dr. Judit Deák Dr. Judit Deák 

62/545959 

deak@mlab.szote.u-szeged.hu 

Dept. of Clinical Chemistry Dr. Rita Ónody Dr. Éva Nagy 

62/545753 

onody@clab.szote.u-szeged.hu 

Dept. of Surgery Dr. József Furák Dr. Gyula Farkas 

62/545472 

fj@surg.szote.u-szeged.hu 

Dept. of Dermatology and Allergology Dr. Zsuzsanna Bata Dr. Mária Kiss 

62/545996 

bata@derma.szote.u-szeged.hu 

Division of Endocrinology Dr. Ferenc Laczi Dr. Ferenc Laczi 

62/545217 

laczi@endoc.szote.u-szeged.hu 

1 st Department of Internal Medicine Dr. Ferenc Izbéki Dr. Tamás Takács 

62/545210 

ife@in1st.szote.u-szeged.hu 

Dept. of Forensic Medicine Dr. Beáta Havasi Dr. Beáta Havasi 

62/544000/2910 

havasi@anat-fm.szote.u-szeged.hu 

Institute of Foreign Languages Vanda Varga Izabella Villányi 

62/542498 

vargav@comser.szote.u-szeged.hu 

Dept. of Surgical Research Dr. Tamás Jánossy Dr. József Kaszaki 

62/545696 

janossy@expsurg.szote.u-szeged.hu 

Dept. of Medical Biology Dr. György Seprényi Zsolt Venkei 

62/544930 

george@sb4.szote.u-szeged.hu 

Dept. of Medical Chemistry Dr. Györgyi Váradi Dr. Lajos Kovács 

62/542884 

varadigy@mdche.szote.u-szeged.hu 

Dept. of Medical Genetics Dr. Károly Vámos Dr. Károly Vámos 

62/545967 

vamos@comser.szote.u-szeged.hu 

Dept. of Medical Informatics Dr. Tibor Asztalos Dr. János Karsai 

62/545832 

asztalos@dmi.szote.u-szeged.hu

20 


Dept. of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology Dr. Béla Taródi 

Dr. András Miczák 

62/545115 

tarodi@comser.szote.u-szeged.hu 

Dept. of Neurology Dr. János Tajti Dr. János Tajti 

62/545355 

tajti@nepsy.szote.u-szeged.hu 

Dept. of Neurosurgery Dr. Ádám Kuncz Dr. Pál Barzó 

62/545384 

Dept. of Nuclear Medicine Dr. Miklós Papós Dr. Miklós Papós 

62/545736 

paposm@comser.szote.u-szeged.hu 

Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology Dr. Gyula Mészáros Dr. György Bártfai 

62/545522 

meszaros@obgyn.szote.u-szeged.hu 

Dept. of Oncotherapy Dr. Melinda Csenki Dr. Anikó Maráz 

62/545408 

Dept. of Ophthalmology Dr. Márta Janáky Dr. Márta Janáky 

62/545686 

Dept. of Orthopedics Dr. Péter Kellermann Dr. László Tajti 

62/544000/1314 

drkellermann@yahoo.com 

Dept. of Otolaryngology Dr. Éva Szabados Dr. Miklós Csanády 

62/545314 

Dept. of Pathology Dr. Judit Tóth-Lipták Dr. Éva Kemény 

62/546169 

Dr. Anita Nagy 

62/546167 

Dept. of Pathophysiology Dr. Zsófia Mezei Dr. Miklós Jászberényi 

62/545111 

Dept. of Pediatrics Dr. Csaba Bereczki Dr. Eszter Karg 

62/545546 

bereczki@pedia.szote.u-szeged.hu 

Dept. of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Dr. Enikı Kiss Dr. Enikı Kiss 

62/545901 

kiss@gyip.szote.u-szeged.hu 

Dept. of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy Dr. István Leprán Dr. János Pataricza 

62/545676 

lepran@phcol.szote.u-szeged.hu 

Dept. of Physiology Dr. Zoltán Lelkes Dr. Zoltán Lelkes 

62/544985 

lelkes@phys.szote.u-szeged.hu 

Dept. of Psychiatry Dr. György Szekeres Dr. János Kálmán 

62/545940 

Dept. of Public Health (Public Health) Dr. Edit Paulik Dr. András Papp 

62/544000/2867 

Dept. of Public Health (Medical Sociology) Borbála Belec Borbála Belec 

62/544000/2866 

Dept. of Pulmonology Dr. Edit Csada Dr. Edit Csada 

62/571552 

Dept. of Radiology Dr. Zita Morvay Dr. Erika Vörös 

62/544000/2332 

mzita@radio.szote.u-szeged.hu 

2 nd Department of Internal Medicine Dr. Noémi Gruber Dr. Zita Borbényi 

62/545840 

Dept. of Stomatology Dr. Katalin Nagy Dr. Zoltán Rakonczay 

62/545447 

nagykatalin@t-online.hu 

Dept. of Traumatology Dr. Endre Varga Dr. Sándor Pintér 

62/545537 

Dept. of Urology Dr. István Papos Dr. Olivér Pintér 

62/544000/1918


ACADEMIC CALENDAR 

• SEMESTERS 

Faculty of Medicine 

Section of Dentistry 


2006/2007 

1 st (Fall) semester: from September 04, 2006 to December 15, 2006 

Examination period: from December 18, 2006 to January 26, 2007 

Repeat examination period: from January 29, 2007 to February 02, 2007 

Holiday: from October 30, 2006 to November 03, 2006 

Matriculation: latest till September 16, 2006 

Course registration period from August 14, 2006 to September 17, 2006 

Exam registration period from November 25, 2006 to February 02, 2007 

Last day for paying the tuition fee: September 30, 2006 

2 nd (Spring) semester: from February 05, 2007 to May 18, 2007 

Examination period: from May 21, 2007 to June 29, 2007 

Repeat Examination period: from August 27, 2007 to August 31, 2007 

for fifth year students: from May 21, 2007 to July 06, 2007 

Holiday: from April 02, 2007 to April 09, 2007 

Matriculation: latest till February 16, 2007 

Course registration period from January 22, 2007 to February 11, 2007 

Exam registration period 

to be announced later 

Last day for paying the tuition fee: February 28, 2007 

• DEADLINES 

Submission of the subject of the Thesis: for 4 th year medical students: March 09, 2007 

Submission of the Thesis: for 6 th year medical students: February 09, 2007 

for 5 th year pharmacy students: March 28, 2007 

Defence of the Thesis: 

on the dates defined by the Departments 

• OTHER IMPORTANT DATES 

Beginning of the 6 th year 

at the Faculty of Medicine: 

after the successful completion of the 5 th year 

School leaving ceremony for 5 th year medical students: 

May 12, 2007 (Saturday) 

Graduation ceremony 

Faculty of Medicine: 

June 30, 2007 (Saturday) 

September 15, 2007 (Saturday) 

Faculty of Pharmacy: 

June 30, 2007 (Saturday) 

State Board Examination 

Faculty of Medicine: between June 04, 2007 and June 20, 2007 

between August 21, 2007 and August 31, 2007 

Faculty of Pharmacy: between June 04, 2007 and June 14, 2007

22 


FEES 

1. Procedural fees 

Repeat examination fee 

• On the first occasion HUF 1000 

• On the second occasion HUF 1500 

• Procedural fee for further requests (Deans’ permission) HUF 3000 

Fee for improving a successful examination HUF 500 

Fee for repeating the State Board examination USD 250 

Fee for repeating the Thesis defence 

• On the first occasion HUF 7500 

• On the second occasion HUF 15000 

• Procedural fee for further requests HUF 15000 

Deans’ permisson HUF 3000 

Presenting the Diploma Work after the deadline 

• Procedural fee for 1 month delay HUF 7500 

Procedural fee for missing the deadline of the following obligations: 

• Matriculation 

• Handing in the index book at the Foreign Students’ Secretariat 

(6 days counted from the last examination) 

• Missing other deadlines 

HUF 1000/week 

2. Administrative fees 

• Loss of the index book and providing a duplicate 

First occasion HUF 5000 

Further occasions HUF 10000 

• Transcript HUF 200/semester 

• Certificate HUF 200 

• Topic book (years 1-5 spiraled) HUF 2000 

3. Consultation fee 

Fee for taking an exam course (transfering an exam) USD 500 

Fee for taking an extra subject 

USD 140/1 credit 

4. Health Insurance HUF 24000/semester* 

* if the student does not have a health insurance valid in Hungary


Faculty of Medicine


GENERAL INFORMATION REGARDING THE CREDIT SYSTEM 

At the Faculty of Medicine the credit system was introduced in the academic year 2003/2004. In the academic year 

2006/2007 it applies to 1 st – 4 th year medical students. 

I. EXPRESSIONS 

Compulsory subject: It is obligatory to take the subject in the module given. It is strongly recommended to follow 

the Suggested Study Plan. 

Compulsory elective subject (including Behavioral Science Subjects – only for medical students): One can 

choose freely from the subjects offered. There is a given number of credit points that has to be acquired in the 

certain modules. It is strongly recommended to follow the Suggested Study Plan. 

Contact hours: Are the units of time required for a teacher to present subject material and to assess a student’s 

performance. Contact hours include lectures, seminars, practical demonstrations, consultation hours and 

assessment. 

Course requirement: The course requirement defines the precondition of a certain course. The course 

requirement can either be a subject or an examination requirement. In case of the subject requirement a 

course can be signed up for only if the examination defined in the course requirement has been completed 

successfully. In case of the examination requirement the examination of a course can only be taken if the 

examination defined in the course requirement has been completed successfully. 

Credit: Credits are standard measurement of a student’s accepted study time. One credit equals thirty hours of 

study time. 

Credit transfer: Is a procedure accorded by the University of Szeged Code of Study and Examination Regulations 

whereby a partial or full exemption can be given from completing one or more subjects by acknowledging previously 

completed subjects and thereby award the appropriate number of credit points. 

Criteria subject: Completion of criteria subjects is a precondition for entering the next module or receiving the 

diploma after finishing the sixth year (e.g. Physical Training, Summer Practices). Criteria subjects have no credit 

allocated to. 

Elective subject: One can chose freely from the subjects offered. There is a given number of credit points that has 

to be acquired in the certain modules. It is strongly recommended to follow the Suggested Study Plan. Only those 

courses are recognized which are offered by University lecturers and take at least 14 hours. 

Examination course (only for medical and dentistry students): If one cannot pass an examination successfully 

in the semester given, the examination can be repeated in the next examination period if the course is offered by 

the Department. The student may be exempted from fulfilling the requirements of the semester. An examination 

course can be taken only once in a certain subject. 

Suggested study plan: the order and timing of subjects offered to students enabling them to obtain qualification 

within a specified period of time.

26 


II. STRUCTURE OF STUDIES 

Students have to acquire a total of 360 credits in 4 modules in order to obtain the Doctor of Medicine diploma. 

All the requirements of a module have to be fulfilled in order to enter the next module: 

• acquisition of the required credits 

• completion of Criteria Subjects: 

- 4 semesters of Physical Training till the end of the 12 th semester 

(It is recommended to complete it in the Basic Module) 

- Summer practices (Nursing, Internal Medicine, Surgery) 

- 8 semesters of Hungarian Language (*only for students who started their first 

year studies in the academic year 2006/2007, students who started their studies 

earlier study Hungarian Language as a Compulsory Elective subject) 

1. Basic Module (years 1-2, semesters 1-4) 

MODULES: 

In the Basic Module one has to acquire 117 credits in order to enter the Pre-Clinical module. 

Credits have to be acquired according to the following scheme: 

Required credits: 

• Compulsory Subjects (94 credits) 

• Compulsory Elective Subjects (17 credits) 

• Elective Subjects (6 credits) 

• Criteria Subjects (Nursing Summer Practice – to be completed after the 2 nd semester, 4 semesters of 

Hungarian Language*) 

*only for students who started their first year studies in the academic year 2006/2007, students who started their 

studies earlier complete Hungarian Language as a Compulsory Elective subject. 

2. Pre-Clinical Module (year 3, semesters 5-6) 

In the Pre-Clinical Module one has to acquire 55 credits in order to enter the Clinical Module. 






• Criteria Subjects (Internal Medicine Summer Practice - after the 6 th semester) 

3. Clinical Module (years 4-5, semesters 7-10) 

In the Clinical Module one has to acquire 130 credits in order to enter the Final Module. 






• Criteria Subjects (Surgery Summer Practice – after the 8 th semester)


Behavioral Science Subjects: 

In the fourth year (7 th semester) students have to take a final examination which covers the knowledge, 

skills and attitudes learned during the eight previous semesters (the precondition for taking the examination 

is the earlier acquisition of 10 credits from the subjects below). 

Schedule for acquiring 10 credits: 

• 4 credits for compulsory subjects: 

Medical Ethics (1 credit, year 3, fall semester) 

Medical Psychology I. (2 credits, year 3, spring semester) 

Medical Psychology II. (1 credit, year 4, fall semester) 

• 6 credits for compulsory elective subjects. You can chose from the following courses: 

Introduction to Medicine ( 2 credits, year 1, fall semester) 

Introduction to Psychology (Doctor-Patient Communication) (3 credits, year 1, spring 

semester) 

Medical Sociology (2 credits, year 2, fall semester) 

Medical Anthropology (1 credit, year 2, spring semester) 

Gerontology (2 credits, year 3, fall semester) 

4. Final Module – Clerkship Year (year 6, semesters 11-12) 

In the Final Module one has to acquire 60 credits in order to be eligible to sit for the Final (State Board) 

Examination.

Code of 

Subject 

SUGGESTED STUDY PLAN 

Course Department Head of Department 

MEDICINE 

BASIC MODULE (for the study plan of the second year see supplementary guide) 

2006/2007 1st year, 1st (fall) semester 

Hrs/week: 

Theory 

Hrs/week: 

Practice 

Form of exam 

Credit 

Course Requirement 

(SR=Subject 

requirement; 

ER=Examination 

requirement) 

Compulsory Subjects 

AOK-KA011 Anatomy, Histology and Embryology I. Dept. of Anatomy Prof. András Mihály 2 - ESE 7 - 

AOK-KA012 Anatomy, Histology and Embryology I. Dept. of Anatomy Prof. András Mihály - 5 S 0 - 

AOK-KA041 First Aid and Resuscitation Dept. of Traumatology Prof. J.A. Simonka - 2 CTPK(5) 2 - 

AOK-KA051 Medical Physics and Statistics I. Dept. of Med. Physics Dr. András Ringler 3 - ESE 4 - 

AOK-KA052 Medical Physics and Statistics I. Dept. of Med. Physics Dr. András Ringler - 2 S 0 - 

AOK-KA061 Medical Chemistry I. Dept. of Med. Chemistry Prof. Gábor Tóth 3 - ESE 6 - 

AOK-KA062 Medical Chemistry I. Dept. of Med. Chemistry Prof. Gábor Tóth - 3 S 0 - 

AOK-KA071 Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics I. Dept. of Med. Biology Prof. Ernı Duda 2 - ESE 6 - 

AOK-KA072 Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics I. Dept. of Med. Biology Prof. Ernı Duda - 2 S 0 - 

10 14 

Compulsory Elective Subjects ** 

AOK-KA081 Introduction to Informatics Lecture Dept. of Med. Informatics Prof. Zoltán Hantos 1 - CTPK(5) 3 - 

AOK-KA082 Introduction to Informatics Practice Dept. of Med. Informatics Prof. Zoltán Hantos - 2 S 0 - 

AOK-KA091 Developmental Genetics I. Dept. of Med. Biology Prof. Ernı Duda 1 - CTPK(3) 1 - 

AOK-KA101 Genetic Analysis I. Dept. of Med. Biology Prof. Ernı Duda 1 - CTPK(3) 1 - 

AOK-KA111 Cytomorphology and Microtechnics Dept. of Anatomy Prof. András Mihály 2 - CTPK(3) 2 - 

AOK-KA141 Introduction to Analytical Chemistry Dept. of Med. Chemistry Prof. Gábor Tóth 1 - CTPK(3) 1 - 

AOK-KA1311 Basics in Molecular Biology Dept. of Med. Biology Prof. Ernı Duda 1 - CTPK(3) 1 - 

AOK-KA1321 Frontiers of Molecular Biology Dept. of Med. Biology Prof. Ernı Duda 2 - CTPK(3) 2 - 

AOK-KA601 Introduction to Medicine Lecture**** Section of Behavioral S. Dr. Katalin Barabás 1 - CTPK(5) 2 - 

Elective Subjects *** - 

AOK-KA391 Latin Language I.* Dept. of Foreign Lang. Dr. Éva Demeter 0 2 CTPK(5) 2 - 

Criteria Subjects - 

AOK-KA4711 Hungarian Language I.* Dept. of Foreign Lang. Dr. Éva Demeter - 4 CTPK(5) 0 - 

XTA Physical Education (P.E.) I.***** Section of Physical Training József Szabó 2 S 0 - 

* The completion of the course is obligatory in the semester given. 

** One has to acquire 17 credits for Compulsory Elective Subjects (including Behavioral Science Subjects) till the end of the 4th semester. 

*** One has to acquire 6 credits for Elective Subjects till the end of the 4th semester. 

**** Please check the requirements for the Behavioral Science Subjects. 

***** It is recommended to complete 4 semesters of Physical Education in the Basic Module.

Code of 

Subject 



MEDICINE 


2006/2007 1st year, 2nd (spring) semester 

Hrs/week: 

Theory 

Hrs/week: 

Practice 

Form of exam 

Credit 


(SR=Subject 

requirement; 


requirement) 


AOK-KA013 Anatomy, Histology and Embryology II. Dept. of Anatomy Prof. András Mihály 2 - ESE 7 ER: Anatomy I. 

AOK-KA014 Anatomy, Histology and Embryology II. Dept. of Anatomy Prof. András Mihály - 5 S 0 ER: Anatomy I. 

AOK-KA053 Medical Physics and Statistics II. Dept. of Med. Physics Dr. András Ringler 2 - ESE 4 ER: Med Phys. I. 

AOK-KA054 Medical Physics and Statistics II. Dept. of Med. Physics Dr. András Ringler - 2 S 0 ER: Med Phys. I. 

AOK-KA063 Medical Chemistry II. Dept. of Med. Chemistry Prof. Gábor Tóth 3 - ESE 6 ER: Med. Chemistry I. 

AOK-KA064 Medical Chemistry II. Dept. of Med. Chemistry Prof. Gábor Tóth - 3 S 0 ER: Med. Chemistry I. 

AOK-KA073 Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics II. Dept. of Med. Biology Prof. Ernı Duda 2 - ESE 6 ER: Cell Biology I. 

AOK-KA074 Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics II. Dept. of Med. Biology Prof. Ernı Duda - 2 S 0 ER: Cell Biology I. 

9 12 


AOK-KA092 Developmental Genetics II. Dept. of Med. Biology Prof. Ernı Duda 1 - CTPK(3) 1 - 

AOK-KA102 Genetic Analysis II. Dept. of Med. Biology Prof. Ernı Duda 1 - CTPK(3) 1 - 

AOK-KA121 Neurocytology Dept. of Anatomy Prof. András Mihály 2 - CTPK(3) 2 - 

AOK-KA131 Bio-Inorganic Chemistry Dept. of Med. Chemistry Prof. Gábor Tóth 1 - CTPK(3) 1 - 

AOK-KA151 Modern Instrumental Analysis and Separation Dept. of Med. Chemistry Prof. Gábor Tóth 1 - CTPK(3) 1 - 

Methods 

AOK-KA161 Steric Strucure of Biopolimers Dept. of Med. Chemistry Prof. Gábor Tóth 1 - CTPK(3) 1 - 

AOK-KA1312 Basics in Molecular Biology Dept. of Med. Biology Prof. Ernı Duda 1 - CTPK(3) 1 - 

AOK-KA1322 Frontiers in Molecular Medicine Dept. of Med. Biology Prof. Ernı Duda 2 - CTPK(3) 2 - 

AOK-KA611 Introduction to Psychology **** Section of Behavioral S. Dr. Katalin Barabás 1 - CTPK(5) 3 - 

AOK-KA612 Introduction to Psychology **** Section of Behavioral S. Dr. Katalin Barabás - 2 S 0 - 

Elective Subjects *** 

AOK-KA392 Latin Language II.* Dept. of Foreign Lang. Dr. Éva Demeter 0 2 CTPK(5) 2 SR: Latin I. 

Criteria Subjects 

AOK-KA4712 Hungarian Language II.* Dept. of Foreign Lang. Dr. Éva Demeter - 4 CTPK(5) 0 SR: Hungarian I. 

XTA Physical Education (P.E.) II.***** Section of Physical Training József Szabó 2 S 0 - 

AOK-KA171 Nursing Practice 4 x 35 S 0 - 


** One has to acquire 17 credits for Compulsory Elective Subjects (including Behavioral Science Subjects) till the end of the 4th semester. 


**** Please check the requirements for the Behavioral Science Subjects. 

***** It is recommended to complete 4 semesters of Physical Education in the Basic Module.

Code of 

Subject 

2006/2007 2nd year, 3rd (fall) semester 



Hrs/week: 

Theory 

Hrs/week: 

Practice 

Form of exam 

Credit 


(SR=Subject 

requirement; 


requirement) 


AOK-KA015 Anatomy, Histology and Embryology III. Dept. of Anatomy Prof. András Mihály 2 - ESE 8 ER: Anatomy II. 

AOK-KA016 Anatomy, Histology and Embryology III. Dept. of Anatomy Prof. András Mihály - 5 S 0 ER: Anatomy II. 

AOK-KA021 Biochemistry I. Dept. of Biochemistry Prof. László Dux 3 - ESE 6 ER: Med. Chemistry II. 

AOK-KA022 Biochemistry I. Dept. of Biochemistry Prof. László Dux - 2 S 0 ER: Med. Chemistry II. 

AOK-KA031 Medical Physiology I. Dept. of Physiology Prof. György Benedek 6 - ESE 9 - 

AOK-KA032 Medical Physiology I. Dept. of Physiology Prof. György Benedek - 4 S 0 - 

11 11 

Compulsory Elective Subjects * 

AOK-KA0351 Medical Physiology (Seminar) I. Dept. of Physiology Prof. György Benedek - 2 CTPK(5) 2 - 

AOK-KA871 Molecular Cytology and Histology Dept. of Anatomy Prof. András Mihály 2 - CTPK(3) 2 - 

AOK-KA631 Medical Sociology *** Dept. of Public Health Prof. L. Nagymajtényi - 2 ESE 2 - 

AOK-KA471 Hungarian Language III.***** Dept. of Foreign Lang. Dr. Éva Demeter - 4 CTPK(5) 2 SR: Hungarian II. 

Elective Subjects ** 

Mathematical and Statistical Modelling in Dept. of Med. Informatics Prof. Zoltán Hantos 1 0 CTPK(5) 2 - 

AOK-KA9905 

Medicine Lecture 

Mathematical and Statistical Modelling in Dept. of Med. Informatics Prof. Zoltán Hantos 0 1 S 0 - 

Medicine Practice 


XTA Physical Education (P.E.) III.**** 2 S 0 - 

* 

** 

*** 

**** 

***** 

MEDICINE 

BASIC MODULE 

One has to acquire 17 credits for Compulsory Elective Subjects (including Behavioral Science Subjects) till the end of the 4th semester. 

One has to acquire 6 credits for Elective Subjects till the end of the 4th semester. 

Please check the requirements for the Behavioral Science Subjects. 

It is recommended to complete 4 semesters of Physical Education in the Basic Module. 

The completion of the course is obligatory in the semester given.

Code of 

Subject 

2006/2007 2nd year, 4th (spring) semester 



MEDICINE 

BASIC MODULE 

Hrs/week: 

Theory 

Hrs/week: 

Practice 

Form of exam 

Credit 


(SR=Subject 

requirement; 


requirement) 


AOK-KA017 Anatomy, Histology and Embryology IV. Dept. of Anatomy Prof. András Mihály 2 - Final 8 ER: Anatomy III. 

AOK-KA018 Anatomy, Histology and Embryology IV. Dept. of Anatomy Prof. András Mihály - 5 S 0 ER: Anatomy III. 

AOK-KA023 Biochemistry II. Dept. of Biochemistry Prof. László Dux 4 - Final 6 ER: Biochemistry I. 

AOK-KA024 Biochemistry II. Dept. of Biochemistry Prof. László Dux - 2 S 0 ER: Biochemistry I. 

AOK-KA033 Medical Physiology II. Dept. of Physiology Prof. György Benedek 4 - Final 9 ER: Med. Physiology I. 

AOK-KA034 Medical Physiology II. Dept. of Physiology Prof. György Benedek - 4 S 0 ER: Med. Physiology I. 

10 11 

Compulsory Elective Subjects * 

AOK-KA0352 Medical Physiology (Seminar) II. Dept. of Physiology Prof. György Benedek - 2 2 ER: Med. Physiology 

(Sem) I. 

AOK-KA861 Cardiac Electrophysiology as a Basic Property of Dept. of Pharmacology Prof. András Varró 1 - CTPK(3) 2 - 

Cardiac Function 

AOK-KA862 Cardiac Electrophysiology as a Basic Property of Dept. of Pharmacology Prof. András Varró - 1 S 0 - 

Cardiac Function 

AOK-KA881 Molecular Developmental-Biology Dept. of Biochemistry Prof. László Dux 2 - CTPK(3) 2 - 

AOK-KA621 Medical Anthropology*** Section of Behavioral S. Dr. Katalin Barabás - 1 CTPK(5) 1 - 

AOK-KA472 Hungarian Language IV.***** Dept. of Foreign Lang. Dr. Éva Demeter - 4 CTPK(5) 2 SR: Hungarian III. 

Elective Subjects ** 6 

AOK-KA9903 Animal Experiments in Medicine Institute of Surgical Research Prof. Mihály Boros 1 0 CTPK(5) 1 - 


XTA Physical Education (P.E.) IV.**** 2 S 0 - 

* One has to acquire 17 credits for Compulsory Elective Subjects (including Behavioral Science Subjects) till the end of the 4th semester. 

** One has to acquire 6 credits for Elective Subjects till the end of the 4th semester. 

*** Please check the requirements for the Behavioral Science Subjects. 

**** It is recommended to complete 4 semesters of Physical Education in the Basic Module. 

***** The completion of the course is obligatory in the semester given.

Code of 

Subject 

2006/2007 3rd year, 5th (fall) semester 



Hrs/week: 

Theory 

Hrs/week: 

Practice 

Form of exam 

Credit 


(SR=Subject 

requirement; 


requirement) 


AOK-KA712 Clinical Diagnostics I. (Internal Medicine) 1st Dept. of Int.Med. Prof. János Lonovics 2 - ESE 3 SR: Basic Module 

AOK-KA712 Clinical Diagnostics I. (Internal Medicine) 1st Dept. of Int.Med. Prof. János Lonovics - 2 S 0 SR: Basic Module 

AOK-KA731 Pathophysiology I. Dept. of Pathophysiology Prof. Gyula Szabó 2 - ESE 5 SR: Basic Module 

AOK-KA732 Pathophysiology I. Dept. of Pathophysiology Prof. Gyula Szabó - 2 S 0 SR: Basic Module 

AOK-KA741 Microbiology and Immunology I. Dept. of Med. Microbiology Prof. Yvette Mándi 3 - ESE 5 SR: Basic Module 

AOK-KA742 Microbiology and Immunology I. Dept. of Med. Microbiology Prof. Yvette Mándi - 2 S 0 SR: Basic Module 

AOK-KA781 Pathology I. Dept. of Pathology Prof. Tivadar Mikó 3 - ESE 6 SR: Basic Module 

AOK-KA782 Pathology I. Dept. of Pathology Prof. Tivadar Mikó - 3 S 0 SR: Basic Module 

10 9 


AOK-KA801 Surgical Techniques Institute of Surgical Research Prof. Mihály Boros 1 - CTPK(5) 2 SR: Basic Module 

AOK-KA802 Surgical Techniques Institute of Surgical Research Prof. Mihály Boros - 1 S 0 SR: Basic Module 

AOK-KA841 Introduction to ECG Analysis Dept. of Pathophysiology Prof. Gyula Szabó 2 - CTPK(5) 2 SR: Basic Module 

AOK-KA851 Microsurgery Institute of Surgical Research Prof. Mihály Boros - 2 CTPK(5) 2 paralell completion of 

Surg. Tech. 

AOK-KA475 Hungarian Lang. V.* Dept. of Foreign Languages Dr. Éva Demeter - 2 CTPK(5) 2 SR: Basic Module 

AOK-KA671 Gerontology**** Section of Behav. S. Dr. Katalin Barabás 1 - CTPK(5) 2 SR: Basic Module 

AOK-KA672 Gerontology**** Section of Behav. S. Dr. Katalin Barabás - 1 S 0 SR: Basic Module 

AOK-KA1011 Molecular Medicine Research Laboratory for Molecular Prof. Károly Gulya 2 - CTPK(5) 2 SR: Basic Module 

Medicine 


Mathematical and Statistical Modelling in Dept. of Medical Informatics Prof. Zoltán Hantos 1 - CTPK(5) 2 - 

AOK-KA99053 

Medicine 

Mathematical and Statistical Modelling in Dept. of Medical Informatics Prof. Zoltán Hantos - 1 S 0 - 

Medicine 

AOK-KA1027 Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism Dept. of Physiology Prof. György Benedek 2 - CTPK(5) 2 SR: Basic Module 

* 

** 

*** 

**** 

MEDICINE 

PRE-CLINICAL MODULE 

The completion of the course is obligatory in the semester given. 



Please check the requirements for the Behavioral Science Subjects.

Code of 

Subject 

2006/2007 3rd year, 6th (spring) semester 



Hrs/week: 

Theory 

Hrs/week: 

Practice 

Form of exam 

Credit 


(SR=Subject 

requirement; 


requirement) 


AOK-KA721 Internal Medicine I. 1st Dept. of Int.Med. Prof. János Lonovics 4 - ESE 3 SR:Clin. Diagnos. I. 

AOK-KA722 Internal Medicine I. 1st Dept. of Int.Med. Prof. János Lonovics - 2 S 0 SR:Clin. Diagnos. I. 

AOK-KA733 Pathophysiology II. Dept. of Pathophysiology Prof. Gyula Szabó 3 - Final 5 SR: Pathophys. I. 

AOK-KA734 Pathophysiology II. Dept. of Pathophysiology Prof. Gyula Szabó - 2 S 0 SR: Pathophys. I. 

AOK-KA743 Microbiology and Immunology II. Dept. of Med. Microbiology Prof. Yvette Mándi 3 - Final 5 SR: Microbiology I. 

AOK-KA744 Microbiology and Immunology II. Dept. of Med. Microbiology Prof. Yvette Mándi - 2 S 0 SR: Microbiology I. 

AOK-KA783 Pathology II. Dept. of Pathology Prof. Tivadar Mikó 2 - Final 6 SR: Pathology I. 

AOK-KA784 Pathology II. Basic Medical Skills Prof. Tivadar Mikó - 4 S 0 SR: Pathology I. 

AOK-KA791 Clinical Diagnostics II. (Surgery) Dept. of Surgery Prof. György Lázár 2 - ESE 3 SR: Basic Module 

AOK-KA79 Clinical Diagnostics II. (Surgery) Dept. of Surgery Prof. György Lázár - 2 S 0 SR: Basic Module 

AOK-KA761 Medical Psychology**** Dept. of Psychology Prof. Zoltán Janka 1 - CTPK(5) 2 SR: Basic Module 

AOK-KA762 Medical Psychology**** Dept. of Psychology Prof. Zoltán Janka - 1 S 0 SR: Basic Module 

AOK-KA751 Ethics in Medicine**** Section of Behav. S. Dr. Katalin Barabás 1 - ESE 1 SR: Basic Module 

AOK-KA752 Ethics in Medicine**** Section of Behav. S. Dr. Katalin Barabás - 1 S 0 SR: Basic Module 

16 14 


AOK-KA1001 Basic Medical Skills Institute of Surgical Research Prof. Mihály Boros 1 - CTPK(5) 2 SR: Surg.Tech. 

AOK-KA1002 Basic Medical Skills Institute of Surgical Research Prof. Mihály Boros - 2 S 0 SR: Surg.Tech. 

AOK-KA821 Microbiological Probems in Med. Practice Dept. of Med. Microbiology Prof. Yvette Mándi 1 - CTPK(5) 1 SR: Basic Module 

AOK-KA831 Pathophysiological Aspects of Labortaory Dept. of Clinical Chemistry Prof. Andrea Rita Horváth 2 - CTPK(5) 2 SR: Basic Module 

Medicine 

AOK-KA476 Hungarian Lang. VI.* Dept. of Foreign Languages Dr. Éva Demeter - 2 CTPK(5) 2 SR: Hung. Lang. V. 


AOK-KA1025 Advanced Medical Skills Institute of Surgical Research Prof. Mihály Boros 1 - CTPK(5) 2 Parelell completion of 

AOK-KA1026 Advanced Medical Skills Institute of Surgical Research Prof. Mihály Boros - 1 S 0 Basic Med. Skills 

AOK-KA1023 Basic Immunpathology Institute of Surgical Research Prof. Mihály Boros 1 - CTPK(5) 0 SR: Microbiology I. 


AOK-KA981 Internal Medicine Practice* 4x 35 hours S 0 

* 

** 

*** 

**** 

MEDICINE 


The completion of the course/practice is obligatory in the semester given. 



Please check the requirements for the Behavioral Science Subjects.

Code of 

Subject 

2006/2007 4th year, 7th (fall) semester 



MEDICINE 

CLINICAL MODULE 

Hrs/week: 

Theory 

Hrs/week: 

Practice 

Form of exam 

Credit 


(SR=Subject 

requirement; 


requirement) 


AOK-KA191 Anesthesiology and Oxyology I. Dept. of Anesthesiology Prof. László Vimláti 2 - CTPK(5) 1 SR: Pre-Clinical Mod. 

AOK-KA192 Anesthesiology and Oxyology I. Dept. of Anesthesiology Prof. László Vimláti - 1 S 0 SR: Pre-Clinical Mod. 

AOK-KA201 Internal Medicine II. 2nd Dept. of Internal Med. Prof. Tamás Forster 4 - ESE 5 SR: Pre-Clinical Mod. 

AOK-KA202 Internal Medicine II. 2nd Dept. of Internal Med. Prof. Tamás Forster - 2 S 0 SR: Pre-Clinical Mod. 

AOK-KA231 Pharmacology Dept. of Pharmacology Prof. András Varró 3 - ESE 5 SR: Pre-Clinical Mod. 

AOK-KA232 Pharmacology Dept. of Pharmacology Prof. András Varró - 2 S 0 SR: Pre-Clinical Mod. 

AOK-KA291 Orthopedics Dept. of Orthopedics Prof. Kálmán Tóth 2 - ESE 3 SR: Pre-Clinical Mod. 

AOK-KA292 Orthopedics Dept. of Orthopedics Prof. Kálmán Tóth 2 S 0 SR: Pre-Clinical Mod. 

AOK-KA311 Pulmonology Dept. of Pulmonolgy Dr. Attila Somfay 1 - ESE 2 SR: Pre-Clinical Mod. 

AOK-KA312 Pulmonology Dept. of Pulmonolgy Dr. Attila Somfay - 2 S 0 SR: Pre-Clinical Mod. 

AOK-KA321 Radiology I. Dept. of Radiology Prof. András Palkó 1 - CTPK(3) 2 SR: Pre-Clinical Mod. 

AOK-KA322 Radiology I. Dept. of Radiology Prof. András Palkó - 1 S 0 SR: Pre-Clinical Mod. 

AOK-KA331 Surgery I. Dept. of Surgery Prof. György Lázár 2 - CTPK(3) 3 SR: Pre-Clinical Mod. 

AOK-KA332 Surgery I. Dept. of Surgery Prof. György Lázár - 2 S 0 SR: Pre-Clinical Mod. 

AOK-KA351 Obstetrics and Gynaecology I. Dept. of Obstetrics and G. Prof. Attila Pál 3 - ESE 4 SR: Pre-Clinical Mod. 

AOK-KA352 Obstetrics and Gynaecology I. Dept. of Obstetrics and G. Prof. Attila Pál - 2 S 0 SR: Pre-Clinical Mod. 

AOK-KA381 Clinical Oncology Dept. of Oncology Prof. László Thurzó 2 - ESE 2 SR: Pre-Clinical Mod. 

AOK-KA961 Medical Psychology II.**** Dept. of Psychiatry Prof. Zoltán Janka 1 - CTPK(5) 1 SR: Pre-Clinical Mod. 

AOK-KA962 Medical Psychology II.**** Dept. of Psychiatry Prof. Zoltán Janka - 1 S 0 SR: Pre-Clinical Mod. 

21 15 28


Code of 

Subject 


Hrs/week: 

Theory 

Hrs/week: 

Practice 

Form of exam 

Credit 


(SR=Subject 

requirement; 


requirement) 


AOK-KA651 Stomatology Dept. of Stomatology Dr. Katalin Nagy 1 - ESE 1 SR: Pre-Clinical Mod. 

AOK-KA652 Stomatology Dept. of Stomatology Dr. Katalin Nagy - 2 S 0 SR: Pre-Clinical Mod. 

AOK-KA421 Nuclear Medicine Dept. of Nuclear Med. Prof. László Pávics 1 - CTPK(5) 1 SR: Pre-Clinical Mod. 

AOK-KA431 Basic Biostatistics Dept. of Med. Informatics Prof. Zoltán Hantos 2 - CTPK(5) 2 SR: Pre-Clinical Mod. 

AOK-KA441 Family Medicine I. Dept. of Family Medicine Prof. Ferenc Hajnal 2 - CTPK(5) 2 SR: Pre-Clinical Mod. 

AOK-KA451 Medical Informatics I. Dept. of Med. Informatics Prof. Zoltán Hantos 2 - CTPK(5) 2 SR: Pre-Clinical Mod. 

AOK-KA461 Pharmacotherapy I. Dept. of Pharmacology Prof. András Varró 2 - CTPK(5) 2 SR: Pre-Clinical Mod. 

AOK-KA512 Non-Convetional Medical Propedeutics Dept. of Anesthesiology Prof. László Vimláti 2 - CTPK(5) 2 SR: Pre-Clinical Mod. 

AOK-KA571 Health Policy Dept. of Public Health Prof. László Nagymajtényi 2 - CTPK(5) 2 SR: Pre-Clinical Mod. 

AOK-KA1061 Pharmacology Cases I. Dept. of Pharmacology Prof. András Varró - 2 CTPK(5) 2 SR: Pre-Clinical Mod. 

AOK-KA477 Hungarian Language VII.* Dept. of Foreign Lang. Dr. Éva Demeter - 3 CTPK(5) 3 SR: Pre-Clinical Mod. 


AOK-KA1171 Global Perspectives of Modern Management of Dept. of Obstetrics and G. Prof. Attila Pál 1 - CTPK(3) 1 SR: Pre-Clinical Mod. 

Acute Bleeding in Obstetrics 

AOK-KA1191 Sexual Disorders - Gynecological Aspects Dept. of Obstetrics and G. Prof. Attila Pál 1 - CTPK(3) 1 SR: Pre-Clinical Mod. 

AOK-KA1201 Modern Approach of the Gynecological Dept. of Obstetrics and G. Prof. Attila Pál 1 - CTPK(3) 1 SR: Pre-Clinical Mod. 

Laparoscopy 


AOK-KA591 Examination in Behavioural Sciences**** Section of Behav. Sciences Dr. Katalin Barabás - - Final 0 SR: Pre-Clinical Mod. 


** One has to acquire 18 credits for Compulsory Elective Subjects till the end of the 10th semester. 


**** One has to acquire 10 credits for Behavioral Science Subjects till the end of the 7th semester in order to sit for the Medical Psychology Final exam.

Code of 

Subject 

2006/2007 4th year, 8th (spring) semester 



MEDICINE 

CLINICAL MODULE 

Hrs/week: 

Theory 

Hrs/week: 

Practice 

Form of exam 

Credit 


(SR=Subject 

requirement; 


requirement) 


AOK-KA193 Anesthesiology and Oxyology II. Dept. of Anesthesiology Prof. László Vimláti 2 - ESE 2 SR: Anesthesiology I. 

AOK-KA194 Anesthesiology and Oxyology II. Dept. of Anesthesiology Prof. László Vimláti - 1 S 0 SR: Anesthesiology I. 

AOK-KA203 Internal Medicine III. 1st Dept. of Internal Med. Prof. János Lonovics 5 - ESE 5 SR: Internal Med. II. 

AOK-KA204 Internal Medicine III. 1st Dept. of Internal Med. Prof. János Lonovics - 2 S 0 SR: Internal Med. II. 

AOK-KA233 Pharmacology II. Dept. of Pharmacology Prof. András Varró 4 - Final 5 SR: Pharmacology I. 

AOK-KA234 Pharmacology II. Dept. of Pharmacology Prof. András Varró - 2 S 0 SR: Pharmacology I. 

AOK-KA323 Radiology II. Dept. of Radiology Prof. András Palkó 1 - ESE 2 SR: Radiology I. 

AOK-KA324 Radiology II. Dept. of Radiology Prof. András Palkó - 1 S 0 SR: Radiology I. 

AOK-KA333 Surgery II. Dept. of Surgery Prof. György Lázár 2 - ESE 3 SR: Surgery I. 

AOK-KA334 Surgery II. Dept. of Surgery Prof. György Lázár - 2 S 0 SR: Surgery I. 

AOK-KA354 Obstetrics and Gynaecology II. Dept. of Obstetrics and G. Prof. Attila Pál 3 - CTPK(3) 4 SR: Obstetrics I. 

AOK-KA355 Obstetrics and Gynaecology II. Dept. of Obstetrics and G. Prof. Attila Pál - 2 S 0 SR: Obstetrics I. 

AOK-KA356 Delivery-Room II. Dept. of Obstetrics and G. Prof. Attila Pál total 3 days S 0 SR: Obstetrics I. 

17 10 21


Code of 

Subject 


Hrs/week: 

Theory 

Hrs/week: 

Practice 

Form of exam 

Credit 


(SR=Subject 

requirement; 


requirement) 


AOK-KA4321 Advanced Biostatistics Dept. of Med. Informatics Prof. Zoltán Hantos 2 - CTPK(5) 2 SR: Basic Biostatistics 

AOK-KA442 Family Medicine II. Dept. Family Medicine Prof. Ferenc Hajnal 2 - CTPK(5) 2 SR: Family Medicine I. 

AOK-KA4521 Medical Informatics II. Dept. of Med. Informatics Prof. Zoltán Hantos 2 - CTPK(5) 2 SR:Pre-Clinical Module 

AOK-KA462 Pharmacotherapy II. Dept. of Pharmacology Prof. András Varró 2 - CTPK(5) 2 SR:Pharmacotherapy I. 

AOK-KA211 Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Mentalhygiene Dept. Of Child and Adolescent Dr. Ágnes Vetró 2 - CTPK(5) 2 SR:Pre-Clinical Module 

Psychiatry 

AOK-KA478 Hungarian Language VIII.* Dept. of Foreign Lang. Dr. Éva Demeter - 3 CTPK(5) 3 SR: Hungarian 

Language VII. 

AOK-KA481 Cases in Medical Microbiology and Infectious Clinical Microbiological 

Prof. Erzsébet Nagy 2 - CTPK(5) 2 SR:Pre-Clinical Module 

Diseases 

Diagnostical Institute 

AOK-KA491 Clinical Immunology Dept. of Dermatology Prof. Lajos Kemény 2 - CTPK(5) 2 SR:Pre-Clinical Module 

AOK-KA501 Laboratory Diagnostics in Clinical Practice Dept. of Clinical Chemistry Prof. Andrea Rita Horváth 2 - CTPK(5) 2 SR:Pre-Clinical Module 

AOK-KA531 Rheumatology Dept. of Rheumatology 2 - CTPK(5) 2 SR:Pre-Clinical Module 

AOK-KA551 Physiotherapy Dept. of Orthopedics Prof. Kálmán Tóth 2 - ESE 2 SR:Pre-Clinical Module 

AOK-KA581 Rehabilitation Dept. of Orthopedics Prof. Kálmán Tóth 2 - CTPK(5) 2 SR:Pre-Clinical Module 

AOK-KA981 Health and Social Policy Dept. of Public Health Prof. László Nagymajtényi 2 - CTPK(5) 2 SR:Pre-Clinical Module 

AOK-KA1062 Pharmacology Cases II. Dept. of Pharmacology Prof. András Varró - 2 CTPK(5) 2 SR: Pharmacology 

Cases I. 

AOK-KA1071 Basic Medical Skills Lecture Institute of Surgical Research Prof. Mihály Boros 1 - CTPK(5) 2 SR:Pre-Clinical Module 

AOK-KA1072 Basic Medical Skills Practice Institute of Surgical Research Prof. Mihály Boros - 1 S 0 SR:Pre-Clinical Module 

AOK-KA1081 Advanced Medical Skills Lecture Institute of Surgical Research Prof. Mihály Boros 1 - CTPK(5) 2 

AOK-KA1082 Advanced Medical Skills Practice Institute of Surgical Research Prof. Mihály Boros - 1 S 

Basic Medical Skills 

AOK-KA1210 Tropical Diseases Institute of Clinical Microbiology Prof Erzsébet Nagy 2 - CTPK(5) 2 SR:Pre-Clinical Module 



AOK-KA701 Surgery Summer Practice - 4x35 S 0 



*** One has to acquire 8 credits for Elective Subjects till the end of the 10th semester. The elective subjects of the 2nd semester will be announced later. 

**** One has to acquire 10 credits for Behavioral Science Subjects till the end of the 8th semester in order to sit for the Medical Psychology Final exam. 

Paralell completion of

Code of 

Subject 

2006/2007 5th year, 9th (fall) semester 



MEDICINE 

5th year (non-credit system) 

Hrs/week: 

Theory 

Hrs/week: 

Practice 

Form of exam 

Credit 


(SR=Subject 

requirement; 


requirement) 


AOKA047 Internal Medicine - Cardiology, Hematology 2 nd Department of Internal Prof. Tamás Forster 2 - ESE - SR: 8th semester 

Lecture 

Medicine 

AOKA0471 Internal Medicine - Cardiology, Hematology 2 nd Department of Internal Prof. Tamás Forster - 2 S - SR: 8th semester 

Lecture 

Medicine 

AOKA284 Surgery Lecture Department of Surgery Prof. György Lázár 1 - S - SR: 8th semester 

AOKA2841 Surgery Practice Department of Surgery Prof. György Lázár - 1 S - SR: 8th semester 

AOKA111 Pediatrics Lecture Department of Pediatrics Prof. Sándor Túri 3 - ESE - SR: 8th semester 

AOKA1111 Pediatrics Practice Department of Pediatrics Prof. Sándor Túri - 2 S - SR: 8th semester 

AOKA171 Neurology Lecture Department of Neurology Prof. László Vécsei 1 - ESE - SR: 8th semester 

AOKA1711 Neurology Practice Department of Neurology Prof. László Vécsei - 2 S - SR: 8th semester 

AOKA251 Psychiatry Lecture Department of Psychiatry Prof. Zoltán Janka 1 - CTPK(3) - SR: 8th semester 

AOKA2511 Psychiatry Practice Department of Psychiatry Prof. Zoltán Janka 1 S - SR: 8th semester 

AOKA121 Forensic Medicine Lecture Department of Forensic Medicine Prof. Tibor Varga 2 - S - SR: 8th semester 

AOKA1211 Forensic Medicine Practice Department of Forensic Medicine Prof. Tibor Varga - 2 S SR: 8th semester 

AOKA162 Public Health Lecture* Department of Public Health Prof. László Nagymajtényi 2 - Final - SR: 8th semester 

AOKA1621 Public Health Practice* Department of Public Health Prof. László Nagymajtényi - 2 S - SR: 8th semester 

AOKA071 Dermatology Lecture Department of Dermatology Prof. Lajos Kemény 3 - Final - SR: 8th semester 

AOKA0711 Dermatology Practice Department of Dermatology Prof. Lajos Kemény - 2,5 S SR: 8th semester 

AOKA101 Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Lecture Department of Oto-Rhino- Prof. József Jóri 2 - Final - SR: 8th semester 

Laryngology 

AOKA1011 Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Practice Department of Oto-Rhino- Prof. József Jóri - 3 S - SR: 8th semester 

Laryngology 

17 17,5 

Elective Subjects ** 

AOKA451 Basic Biostatistics Dept. of Med. Informatics Prof. Zoltán Hantos 2 - ESE - SR: 8th semester 

* including: Environmental Protection and Safety Provisions 

** Students can choose among the advised courses freely and have to complete the requirements of one subject.

Code of 

Subject 

2006/2007 5th year, 10th (spring) semester 



MEDICINE 

5th year (non-credit system) 

Hrs/week: 

Theory 

Hrs/week: 

Practice 

Form of exam 

Credit 


(SR=Subject 

requirement; 


requirement) 


AOKA048 Internal Medicine - Differential diagnostics 1st Department of Internal Prof. János Lonovics 2 - CTPK(5) - SR: 9th sem. 

Lecture 

Medicine 

AOKA0481 Internal Medicine - Differential diagnostics 1st Department of Internal Prof. János Lonovics - 2 S - SR: 9th sem. 

Practice 

Medicine 

AOKA351 Neurosurgery Lecture Department of Neurosurgery Prof. Pál Barzó 1 - ESE - SR: 9th sem. 

AOKA3511 Neurosurgery Practice Department of Neurosurgery Prof. Pál Barzó - 1 S - SR: 9th sem. 

AOKA112 Pediatrics Lecture Department of Pediatrics Prof. Sándor Túri 2 - CTPK(3) - SR: 9th sem. 

AOKA1121 Pediatrics Practice Department of Pediatrics Prof. Sándor Túri - 2 S - SR: 9th sem. 

AOKA172 Neurology Lecture Department of Neurology Prof. László Vécsei 1 - CTPK(3) - SR: 9th sem. 

AOKA1721 Neurology Practice Department of Neurology Prof. László Vécsei - 1 S - SR: 9th sem. 

AOKA252 Psychiatry Lecture Department of Psychiatry Prof. Zoltán Janka 2 - ESE - SR: 9th sem. 

AOKA2521 Psychiatry Practice Department of Psychiatry Prof. Zoltán Janka - 1 S - SR: 9th sem. 

AOKA122 Forensic Medicine Lecture Department of Forensic Medicine Prof. Tibor Varga 2 - Final - SR: 9th sem. 

AOKA1221 Forensic Medicine Practice Department of Forensic Medicine Prof. Tibor Varga - 2 S - SR: 9th sem. 

AOKA301 Ophthalmology Lecture Department of Ophthalmology Prof. Lajos Kolozsvári 2 - Final - SR: 9th sem. 

AOKA3011 Ophthalmology Practice Department of Ophthalmology Prof. Lajos Kolozsvári - 2 S - SR: 9th sem. 

AOKA331 Urology Lecture Department of Urology Prof. László Pajor 1 - Final - SR: 9th sem. 

AOKA3311 Urology Practice Department of Urology Prof. László Pajor - 2 S - SR: 9th sem. 

AOKA371 Clinical Genetics Department of Medical Genetics Prof. János Szabó 1 - ESE - SR: 9th sem. 

AOKA321 Traumatology Lecture Department of Traumatology Prof. Aurél J. Simonka 2 - ESE - SR: 9th sem. 

AOKA3211 Traumatology Practice Department of Traumatology Prof. Aurél J. Simonka - 2 S - SR: 9th sem. 

16 15 

Elective Subjects * 

AOKA453 Clinical Immunology Dept. of Dermatology Prof. Lajos Kemény 2 - ESE - SR: 9th sem. 

AOKA455 Laboratory Medicine Dept. of Clinical Chemistry Prof. Andrea Rita Horváth 2 - ESE - SR: 9th sem. 

AOKA4512 Advanced Biostatistics Dept. of Med. Informatics Prof. Zoltán Hantos 2 - ESE - SR: 9th sem. 

AOKA454 Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Dept. Of Child and Adolescent Dr. Ágnes Vetró 2 - ESE SR: 9th sem. 

Psychiatry 

- 

AOKA456 Cases in Medical Microbiology and Infectious Clinical Microbiological 

Prof. Erzsébet Nagy 2 - ESE SR: 9th sem. 

Diseases 

Diagnostical Institute 

- 

* Students can choose among the advised courses freely and have to complete the requirements of one subject.

40 


6 th year (11 th and 12 th semester) 

academic year 2006/2007 

Subjects Practice Form of 

examination 

Internal Medicine 

General Practice 

9 weeks 

1 weeks 

Final 

S 

Surgery 7 weeks Final 

Neurology 4 weeks Final 

Psychiatry 4 weeks Final 

Obstetrics and Gynecology 4 weeks Final 

Pediatrics 

including 

District Pediatric Cons. (1 week) 

TOTAL 

8 weeks Final 

37 weeks 

The internships should be accomplished principally at the clinics and hospitals of the University, however they 

can be also accomplished abroad, provided the students submit the acceptance letter of the clinic/hospital and 

have the permission of the Head of the Foreign Language Program before starting the practice. The 

accomplishment of the practices must be verified officially to the Secretariat as the precondition for starting the 

next practice. Two practices can be accomplished continuously and the final examinations can be taken in the 

week following the accomplishment of the practices. In the sixth year interns can be assigned to duty service as 

physicians. 

If the student fails an examination, it must be repeated together with the half of the practice 

period. The next practice can be started only following a successful examination. 

If the student fails to submit the Thesis by the deadline given below - or fails to submit it by the deadline of 

postponement (permission for postponement is given by the Head of the Foreign Students’ Program), his/her 

interns and examinations must be suspended. 

The State Board Examination consists of: Test (Multiple Choice Questions): and Oral examination (theory and 

bedside examination). 

Schedule: 

Beginning of the 6 th year: 

after the succesfull completion of the 5 th year 

Submition of the Thesis: February 09, 2007 

Defence of the Thesis: 

On the dates defined by the Departments 

State Board Examination: between June 04, 2007 and June 20, 2007 

between August 21, 2007 and August 31, 2007 

Graduation ceremony 

June 30, 2007 (Saturday) or 

September 15, 2007 (Saturday)


Fees: 

From June 2003 6 th year students have to pay a tuition fee according to the following: 

Sixth year practices 

Period of practice 

Fee 

• Obligatory fee * 3,500 USD 

• All practices are spent at the University of Szeged (37 

weeks) 

7,000 USD 

• 1 extra week of practice at the University of Szeged 200 USD 

• 1 extra month of practice at the University of Szeged 800 USD 

State Board Examination fee 

300 USD 

* Students can complete half of the practices abroad. This amount entitles them to complete half of the practices 

(18 weeks) at the University of Szeged without additional costs. 

** Students can complete more than half of the practices abroad, provided they have the permission of the Program 

Director before starting the practice. 

Payments have to be made before starting the practice, but latest before the final examination of the subject 

concerned.

42 


COMPULSORY PRACTICES IN SUMMER 

Students who intend to perform the compulsory summer practice abroad should have the permission of the Head of 

the Foreign Students’ Program. A “Letter of acceptance” issued by the hospital where the student wishes to 

complete the practice has to be presented at the Foreign Students’ Secretariat. Deadline for presenting it: May 10, 

2007. Official detailed certificate on the accomplishment of the practice has to be submitted subsequently, otherwise 

students cannot register for the next semester. 

Fees if the practices are spent in Hungary: The fee for Nursing Practice is 100 USD, for Internal Medicine USD 

1000, for Surgery USD 1000. Students should register for completing a practice at least one month before its 

beginning. Practice fee must be paid before starting the practice. 

1st year medical students have to perform a Nursing practice of four weeks. 

Departments at the University of Szeged: 

1st Department of Internal Medicine 

2nd Department of Internal Medicine 

Obstetrics and Gynecology Department 

Department of Surgery 

Neurosurgery Department 

Neurology Department 

Psychiatry Department 

Pediatrics Department 

Ophthalmology Department 

Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head-Neck Surgery Department 

Urology Department 

Pulmonology Department 

Traumatology Department 

3 rd year medical students perform a practice of four weeks in Internal Medicine. 


1st Department of Internal Medicine 

Division of Endocrinology 


4 th year medical students perform a practice of 4 weeks in Surgery. 


Department of Surgery 

INTERIM PRACTICE 

4th year medical students have to complete a compulsory practice of 3-3 day period (Internship) in both semesters 

in Obstetrics.


SPECIAL COURSES 


Biophysics of hearing. Objective and subjective audiometry 

15 hours per semester 

Dr. Kiss József Géza 

Department of Neurology 

Pathomechanism of Neurological Disorders: Novel Therapeutic Strategies, 5 th year 

Prof. László Vécsei 

Department of Psychiatry 

Clinical aspects of mood disorders 

Years: 3 - 5 

Dr. Franco Benazzi Ph.D. (Szeged) 

Castiglione Cervia, Italy 

Institute of Surgical Research 

1 st and 2 nd Semesters 

2 nd Semester 

Minimal Invasive Surgery – Basic Techniques 

For 3 rd -6 th year medical students 

2 hours lecture and 3x4 hours practice 

2 courses per semester (maximum 4 students per course) 

Prof. Mihály Boros, Prof. Zoltan Szabo 

Animal Experiments in Medicine 

For 5 th -6 th year medical students 

7x2 hours lecture at the Institute of Surgical Research 

Prof. Mihály Boros 


For 6 th year medical students 

1 hour lecture and 1 hours practice per week 






Advanced Medical Skills 




Basic Immunopathology 

For 4 th -6 th year medical students 

7x2 lecture 

Dr. Tamás Jánossy 

Sepsis 


3x2 hours lecture 

Prof. Mihály Boros, Dr. József Kaszaki

44 


Free Radicals and Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms in the Physiological and Pathological Brain 

Function 


4x2 hours lecture 

Dr. Csilla Torday 

TOPICS FOR THE SCIENTIFIC CIRCLE (TDK) 

Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology Department 

1. Gene expression in the mammalian central nervous system. 

Prof. Dr. Andras Mihaly 

2. Role of animal experiments in research of diseases of the central nervous system 

Dr. Endre Dobo, PhD 

3. Ultrastructural and transport properties of brain microvessel endothelium 

Dr. Eszter Farkas, PhD 

Department of Nuclear Medicine 

1. Up to date Nuclear Medicine investigations in neurology and psichiatry 

Dr. László Pávics Professor of Nuclear Medicine 

2. Experimental validation of new radiopharmaneuticals 

Dr. László Pávics Professor of Nuclear Medicine 

3. Radiation safety in Nuclear Medicine 

Dr. Teréz Séra physicist 

4. New Nuclear Medicine investigations in oncology 

Dr. Miklós Papós associate professor 

Department of Pathology 

1. Pathology of opportunistic infections 

Dr. Tivadar Miko Professor of Pathology 

Institute of Clinical Microbiology 

1. Specially selected topics dealing with tropical diseases. Diagnostic problems, epidemiology 

and therapy 

Dr. habil. DSc. Elisabeth Nagy 

2. Antibiotic resistance development in a selected pathogen/clinical ward 

Edit Hajdú MD 

3. Anaerobic infections. Diagnostics, therapy 

Edit Urbán, PhD 

4. Anaerobic infections. Diagnostics, therapy 

Edit Urbán MD, PhD 

5. Specially selected topics dealing with STDs 

Judit Deák MD, PhD


Department of Psychiatry 

Alzheimer’s Disease Resarch Centre 

1. Amnestic disorders 

János Kálmán M.D. Ph.D, associate professor 

Magdolna Pákáski M.D.Ph.D, senior research associate 

2. Delirium syndromes in elderly 



3. Affective disorders of the elderly 



4. Suicide of the elderly 



5. Treatment options in dementias 



6. Cognitive symptoms in dementias 



7. Affective symptoms in dementias 



8. Behavioral symptoms in dementias 



9. Psychotic symptoms in dementias 



10. The genetics of Alzheimer’s disease 



11. The genetics of Fronto-temporal dementias 



12. Molecular biology of taupathies 



Section of Behavioural Sciences 

1. Behavioral science approach to smoking 

Dr. Bettina Pikó associate professor 

2. Cultural medicine: theory and examples 

Dr. Bettina Pikó associate professor

46 


3. Prevention of addictions 


4. Stress and anxiety in modern medicine 


5. The psychodynamic approach of depression and its treatment 

Dr. Judit Pogány associate professor 


Biophysics of hearing. Objective and subjective audiometry 

Dr. Kiss József Géza 

Surgical treatment for laryngeal carcinoma and quality of life (QOL) 

1st semester, years 4-5 

Prof. Czigner Jenı 

Department of Forensic Medicine 

Forensic relavance of DNA testing 

Dr. Klára Csete 

The role of illicite drugs in traffic 

Dr. László Intitoris 


Pharmacologic and interventional treatment of atrial fibrillation 

Dr. Róbert Pap 

Atrial flutter after open heart surgery 

Dr. Attila Makai 

Long-term efficacy of slow pathway ablation for atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia 

Dr. László Sághy 

Heart failure and pacemaker therapy 

Dr. Gábor Bencsik 

1 st Department of Medicine 

Dr. Péter Hegyi and Dr. Zoltán Rakonczay 

1. The regulation of pancreatic ductal HCO3- secretion. 2 

2. The role of pancreatic ducts in the process of acute pancreatitis. 

3. Acid secretion from human gastric glands. 

4. The regulation of human intestinal ion secretion. 

5. Characterisation of lacrimal gland epithelial cells. 

6. Viral transfection of epithelial cells.


Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy 

1/ The mechanisms of action of antiarrhythmic drugs. 

Tutor: Dr. András Varró 

2/ Cellular electrophysiology of the cardiac muscle. 

Tutor: Dr. András Varró 

3/ Mechanism of the antiarrhythmic effect of preconditioning. Role of endogenous substances. 

Tutor: Dr. Ágnes Végh 

4/ Investigation of antiarrhythmic mechanism in rat models. 

Tutor: Dr. István Leprán 

5/ Potassium channel and cyclic nucleotide mediated vasodilation in isolated blood vessels. 

Tutor: Dr. János Pataricza 

6/ Cellular electrophysiological techniques. 

Tutor: Dr. László Virág and Dr. Norbert Iost 

7/ Patomechanisms of congestive heart failure 

Tutor: Dr. István Baczkó 

8/ Intra-and extracellular regulatory mechanisms of electric activity in human cardiac atrium. 

Etiology and pathomechanism of atrial fibrillation. 

Tutor: Dr. Ottó Hála 

9/ Regulation of the Ca2+ homeostasis in isolated cardiac cells. 

Tutor: Dr. András Tóth 

10/ Cellular mechanism leading to ischemia/ reperfusion in jury in cardiac tissue. 

Tutor: Dr. András Tóth 

11/ Review of the literature: A selected topic in pharmacology. 

Tutor: Dr. István Leprán 

Department of Medical Informatics 

1. Oscillation mechanics of the human respiratory system 

Prof. Zoltán Hantos 

2. Computer analysis of lung sounds 

Prof. Zoltán Hantos 

Institute of Surgical Research 

1. Pathomechanism of the small bowel ischemia-reperfusion. Monitoring of the microcirculatory 

changes with intravital videomicroscopy and OPS technique 

Prof. habil. Mihály Boros, M.D., Ph.D., D.Sc. 

2. Experimental possibilities of small bowel transplantation 

Prof. Mihály Boros, M.D., Ph.D., D.Sc. 

3. Biological activity of phospholipids in surgical diseases 

Prof. Mihály Boros, M.D., Ph.D., D.Sc. 

4. Mechanism of small bowel preconditioning and preconditioning as a therapeutical possibility 

Dr. habil. József Kaszaki, Ph.D.

48 


5. Examination of the macro- and microhemodynamic consequences of volume therapy in 

hypovolemia 

Dr. József Kaszaki, Ph.D. 

6. Examination of the mechanical parameters of the lung under normal and pathologic 

conditions 

Dr. Ágnes Adamicza, Ph.D., Institute of Surgical Research 

Prof. habil. Zoltán Hantos, Ph.D., D.Sc., Department of Medical Informatics 

7. Examination of the biochemical, macro- and microhemodynamic consequences of periosteal 

ischemia-reperfusion using intravital microscopy and OPS technique 

Dr. Andrea Szabó, M.D., Ph.D. 

8. Examination and treatment of the consequences of intestinal circulatory disorders induced 

by local and systemic circulatory disorders 


9. Examination and treatment of the biochemical and microcirculatory consequences of 

urogenital circulatory disorders 


10. Induction, mechanism and complications of transplantation tolerance 

Dr. Tamás Jánossy, M.D., Ph.D. 

11. Mechanisms and modulation of graft rejection 

Dr. Tamás Jánossy, M.D., Ph.D. 

12. Induction, mechanism and prevention of graft-versus-host reaction and disease 

Dr. Tamás Jánossy, M.D., Ph.D.


BIOPHYSICS 

Recommended textbooks for first year medical students 

• Rontó Gy. and I. Tarján: 

An Introduction to Biophysics with Medical Orientation 

Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 1991. 

• Jean A. Pope: 

Medical physics 

Heinemann Educational Books Ltd, 1989. 

ISBN: 0435686828 

• Martin Hollins: 


University of Bath, Macmillen Education Ltd, 1990. 

ISBN: 0333466578 

• Christian Sybesma: 

Biophysics 

An introduction, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1989. 

ISBN: 0792300300 

• Szalay L., Maróti P. and Laczkó G.: 

Medical Physics Part I. (Energetics of Transport) 

SZOTE, 1987. (textbook to the lecture) 

• Szalay L. and Maróti P.: 

Biophysics Part I. and Part II. 


• Ringler A. and P. Maróti: 

Physics practicals, SZOTE, 1994 

ANATOMY, HISTOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY 

Obligatory: 

• Junqueira, Carneiro, Kelley: Basic Histology 

Prentice Hall 

International Student Edition 

Mc Graw-Hill 

ISBN: 0071215654 

• Sadler: Langman's Medical Embryology, 9th ed. with Simbryo CD 

Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 

ISBN: 0781743109 

• Kiernan: Barr’s The Human Nervous System, 8th ed. 



ISBN: 0781751543 

• Snell, Richard S.: Clinical Anatomy, 7/e 


ISBN: 078174315X 

• Sobotta Atlas of Human Anatomy, Volume 1, (Latin Edition), 13th ed 


ISBN: 0781731763 


English Text with Latin Nomenclature 


ISBN: 0781731771

50 


Recommended: 

• Netter, Frank H.: Atlas of Human Anatomy, 3rd ed. 

Icon Learning Systems 

ISBN: 1929007116 

• Wolf, Heidegger: Wolf-Heidegger’s Atlas of Human Anatomy 

Karger 

6th ed. 

• Sobotta Atlas of Human Anatomy, Volume 1 (Head, Neck, Upper Limb), 13th ed 

English Text with English Nomenclature 


ISBN: 0781731739 

• Sobotta Atlas of Human Anatomy, Volume 2 (Trunk, Viscera, Lower Limb), 13th ed 



ISBN: 0781731747 

• Sobotta Atlas of Human Anatomy, 2 Volume Set, 13th ed 



ISBN: 0781731755 

FIRST AID 

• Brent, Karren: First Aid for Colleges and Universities 

Brady Morton Series 

ISBN: 0893038776 

MEDICAL BIOLOGY 

• William K. Purves, Gordon H. Orians: Life: The Science of Biology 

(Sixth edition) W.H. Freeman and Company, New York, 1995. 

ISBN: 1716726297 

• J. Darnell H. Lodish D. Baltimore: Molecular Cell Biology 

W.H. Freeman and Company, New York, 1995. 

ISBN: 0716723808 

• B. Alberts, D.B.J. Lewis, M. Raff. K. Roberts, J.D. Watson: 

Molecular Biology of the Cell 

Garland Publishing, Inc. New York, 1995. 

ISBN: 0815316208 

MEDICAL CHEMISTRY 

Obligatory: 

• Ebbing-Hart: General Chemistry 8th/Organic Chemistry 11th ed. 

Houghton Mifflin Company 

ISBN: 0618523103 

Recommended: 

• Harold Hart: Organic Chemistry (A Short Course) 

Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston 

ISBN: 0395708389 

• P. Gergely: Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry for Medical Students 

University Medical School of Debrecen, 1994 

• John McMurry: Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry 4 th ed. 

ISBN: 0534352154 

Brooks/Cole Publishing Company 

ITP An International Thomson Publishing Company


INTRODUCTION TO MEDICINE 

• Bettina Pikó (ed.): Introduction to Medicine (handout) 

University of Szeged 

2004, 1 st ed. 

MEDICAL DICTIONARIES 

• Mosbey's: Mosbey's Medical, Nursing and Allied Health 

Mosbey, 1994. 

ISBN: 0801672252 

• Stedmans: Medical Dictionary, 27th ed. 

Williams and Wilkins, 1998. 

ISBN: 0683079166

52 



Recommended textbooks for second year medical students 

Obligatory: 


Prentice Hall 


Mc Graw-Hill 

ISBN: 0071215654 



ISBN: 0781743109 




ISBN: 0781751543 



ISBN: 078174315X 



ISBN: 0781731763 




ISBN: 0781731771 

Recommended: 



ISBN: 1929007116 


Karger 

6th ed. 




ISBN: 0781731739 




ISBN: 0781731747 




ISBN: 0781731755 

• Tömböl Teréz: Topographic Anatomy 

Medicina Könyvkiadó Rt., 2000. 

BIOCHEMISTRY 

• Murray: Harper's Biochemistry Illustrated, 26 th ed. ISE 

International Students’ Edition 

McGraw-Hill, 2003. 

ISBN: 0071217665


PHYSIOLOGY 

• Murray: Harper's Biochemistry Illustrated, 26 th ed. 


ISBN: 0071389016 

• Arthur C.Guyton, John E. Hall: Textbook of Medical Physiology 

ISBN: 0721667732 

• William F. Ganong : Rewiev of Medical Physiology 

Appleton &Lang , Stanford, Connecticut 

• Fonyó: Principles of Medical Physiology 

Medicina Kiadó 

• Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical University, Department of Physiology 

Physiology laboratory manual (handout) 

MEDICAL SOCIOLOGY 

• David, Armstrong: Outline of sociology as applied to medicine, 5th ed. 

London, 2003. 

ISBN: 0340809205

54 


Recommended textbooks for third year medical students 

MICROBIOLOGY 

PATHOLOGY 

• ABBAS et al., Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Updated Edition 

W.B.Saunders Company,5 th ed., 2005. 

ISBN: 1416023895 

• Jawetz., Medical Microbiology , 

Appleton and Lange, 23 rd Edition, 2004., 

ISBN: 0-07-141207-7 

• A. FALUS : Immunology, 

Semmelweis Publ. House, 2001; 

ISBN: 963 9214 12 4 

• Practical Notes (Edited by R. Pusztai, University of Szeged, 2002) 

• Kumar V.: Robbins Basic Pathology Updated Edition, 7 th ed. 

W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, 2004. 

ISBN: 1416025340 

• Underwood James: General and Systematic Pathology, 4th 

Churchill Livingstone, 2004. 

ISBN: 0443073341 

INTERNAL MEDICINE 

Obligatory: 

• Barbara Bates’: A Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking, 

8th ed. with bonus CD 


ISBN: 078175819X 

or 

Recommended: 

• Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking 

Authors: Lynn S. Bickley, M.D. , Barbara Bates, Peter G. Szilagyi, Peter Gabor Szilagyi 

Publication Date: December 2005. 

ISBN: 0781767180 

• Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 

Authors: Kasper, Dennis L. Braunwald, Eugene Fauci, Anthony Hauser, Stephen Longo, Dan 

Jameson, J. Larry 

ISBN: 0071391401 

Publication Date: 2004-07-27 

Edition:16 

• Te-Chuan Chou: Chou’s Electrocardiography Clinical Practice, 5th ed. 

W.B. Saunders, 2001. 

ISBN: 0721686974 

• Brostoff: Clinical Immunology – An Illustrated Outline 

Mosby, 1994 

ISBN: 1563756641 

• Kumar, Parveen, Clark, Michael: Clinical Medicine, 5th ed. 

W. B. Saunders, 2002 

ISBN: 0702025798 

• Current Medical Diagnosis and Treatment 2006 

Author(s): Lawrence M. Tierney, Jr., MD; Stephen J. McPhee, MD; Maxine A. Papadakis, MD 

ISBN: 0071454101 

Publication date: 2005, Edition 45th


• Stone: Current Emergency Diagnosis & Treatment, 5th ed. 

Appleton & Lange, 2004. 

ISBN: 0071219757 

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 

Recommended: 

• McPhee, Ganong: Pathophysiology of Disease 4th ed. 2003 

McGraw-Hill Medical 

ISBN: 0071387641 

• Sefan Silbernagl, Florian Lang: Color Atlas of Pathophysiology 

George Thieme Verlag, 2000 

ISBN: 3131165510 or 0865778663 

• Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 16 th ed. 2005. 

McGraw Hill 

ISBN: 0071391401 

• Cecil Textbook of Medicine 22 nd ed. 2004 

W.B. Saunders Company 

ISBN: 072169652X 

Handouts: 

• Gecse Á.: Pathomechanism of Inflammation, 2002. 

• Lázár G.: Pathophysiology in Hematological Diseases of Erythropoesis, 1997. 

• Lázár G.: Pathophysiology of Hemostatis. Bleeding Disorders and Thrombosis, 1999. 

• Lázár G.: Pathophysiology of Hematological Diseases. Disorders of Leukopoesis, 1997. 

• Szabó G.: Pathophysiology of Renal Diseases, 1996. 

• Lázár Gy.: Pathophysiology of Immune System, 2004. 

• Fekete M.: Pathophysiology exercises II. 1987. 

• Szabó G.: Introduction to Electrocardiography, 1999. 

PSYCHOLOGY 

• Kent G., Dalgleish M.: Psychology and Medical Care 

London, Bailliére Tindall, 1993 

3rd ed 

SURGICAL TECHNIQUES 

• Kirk: Basic Surgical Techniques, 5 th Edition 


ISBN: 0443071225 

LABORATORY MEDICINE 

SURGERY 

• William J. Marshall: Clinical Chemistry, 4 th Edition 

MOSBY – Harcourt Publishers Ltd., 2000 

ISBN: 0-72-34-3159-0 

• Ed.: Norton, Barie, Bollinger, Chang, Lowry, Mulvihill, Pass, Thompson, Shirazi: 

Surgery: Basic Science and Clinical Evidence (Book with CD-ROM 

Springer, 2000. 

ISBN: 038798447X 

HUNGARIAN LANGUAGE 

Obligatory: 

• GYİRFFY, Mária: Mi a panasz? 

Idióma Bt. Pécs, 1999 

ISBN 963 04 8860 4

56 


Recommended textbooks for fourth year medical students 

SURGERY 


Surgery: Basic Science and Clinical Evidence (Book with CD-ROM) 


ISBN: 038798447X 

OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY 

• M. M. Garrey, A. D. T. Govan, C. Hodge, R. Callander: 

Obstetrics Illustrated 

Fourth Edition, Churchill Livingstone, 1993. 

ISBN: 0443041806 

• Fundamentals of Obstetrics 

7 th ed., 1999 

ISBN: 0723431507 

• E. Malcolm Symonds: Essential Obstetrics and Gynaecology 

Churchill Livingstone 1992 

ISBN: 044304337X 

ANAESTHESIOLOGY AND OXYOLOGY 

Obligatory: 

• Randall S. Glidden: Anesthesiology 

NMS Clinical Manuals 

Lippincot Williams & Wilkins, latest edition 

ISBN: 0781737389 

• McConachie: Handbook of ICU Therapy 

Greenwich Medical Media Ltd, latest edition 

ISBN: 1900151782 

• MA, O. John – Cline, David M.: Emergency Medicine 

Just the facts, 2nd ed. 


ISBN: 00714100244 

Recommended: 

• Charles F., Carey-Hans H., Lee: 

The Washington Manual of Medical Therapeutics 




ISBN: 0838514502 


Obligatory: 

• Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine (2 Volume Set) 

Kasper, Dennis L. Braunwald, Eugene Fauci, Anthony Hauser, Stephen Longo, Dan Jameson, J. 

Larry 

16th ed., 2004 

McGraw-Hill 

ISBN: 0071391401 

• Gibson, Costabel: Respiratory Medicine (2 Volume Set), 3rd ed. 

W. B. Saunders, 2002. 

ISBN: 0702026131




ISBN: 0721686974 

• Forster T., Csanády M.: Atlas of Colour Doppler Echocardiography 

Szeged, 1991. 

• I.J. Mazza: Manual of Clinical Hematology 

Oxford Textbook of Nephrology JS Cameron 

AM Davison et al, Oxford University Press, 2001. 

ISBN: 078172907 

• The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy 

Merck and Co. Inc. 2006. 

ISBN: 0911910182 

Recommended: 

• Stone: Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine: 

Self Assessment and Board Review: ISE 



ISBN: 0071203591 

• Brostoff: Clinical Immunology – An Illustrated Outline 

Mosby, 1994 

ISBN: 1563756641 



ISBN: 0071219757 

• Cheitlin: Clinical Cardiology, 7th ed. (to be published in January 2006) 

Appleton & Lange 

ISBN: 0838513859 



ISBN: 0071454101 

Publication date: 2005 

Edition 45th 

ISBN: 034061370X 

RADIOLOGY 

• R.H. Daffner: Clinical Radiology. The Essentials 

Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2nd ed. 

ISBN: 0683305174 

ORTHOPAEDICS 

• Adams/Hamblen: Outline of Orthopaedics, 12th ed. 


ISBN: 0443051496 

PULMONOLOGY 

• Isselbacher: Harrisons's: Principles of Internal Medicine I–II. 

14th Edition, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1998. 

ISBN: 0071133801 

• S.J. Bourke: Lecture Notes On Respiratory Medicine 

Sixth Edition 

Blackwell Publishing, 2003

58 


PUBLIC HEALTH 

Obligatory: 

Recommended: 

• Maxcy, Rosenau, Last: Public Health and Preventive Medicine 

Robert B. Wallace 

• Chin, James E.: Control of Communicable Diseases Manual 

18 th ed., 2004. 

American Public Health Association 

ISBN: 087553242X 

• Donaldson: Essential Public Health Medicine, 2nd ed. 

2nd ed., 2003 

Petroc Press 

ISBN: 190060387X 

NUCLEAR MEDICINE 

• M. N. Maisey, K. E. Britton, D.L. Gliday: Clinical Nuclear Medicine 

W. D. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, 1991. 

ISBN: 0412279002 

CLINICAL ONCOLOGY 

• AJCC Canser Staging Manual, 2002 Springer 

• Canser Management: A Multidisciplinary Approach, 2002 PRR Melvilla NY 

• Principles and Practice of Radiation Oncology Editors Carios A. Perez Luther W. Brandy. 

1998 Lippincott-Raven 

• Radiation Oncology :Management Devisions. Editors K. S. Clifford Chao, Carlos A. Perez. 

1999. Lippincott-Raven 

• The Washington Manual of Oncology. Editor Ramaswamy Gorindan, 2002 Lippincott 

PHARMACOLOGY 

• Katzung: Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 9 th ed. 

McGraw-Hill Medical, 2003. 

ISBN: 0071410929 

• Rang-Dale-Ritter-Moore: Pharmacology, 5th ed. 

Churchill-Livingstone, 2003. 

ISBN: 0443053480 

STOMATOLOGY 

• R. A. Cawson: Essentials of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine 

Churchill Livingstone, 1-3 Baxters Place 

(Leith Warh, Edinburg, EHI 3AF) 

ISBN: 0443040427 

• Szabó Gy.: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2nd ed. 

Semmelweis, Budapest, 2001. 

TROPICAL DISEASES 

• Manson’s: Tropical Diseases 21st edition 

SBN 0702026409 

Saunders, 2002


MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY 

• Peter H. Gilligan, Daniel S. Shapiro and M. Lynn Smiley: 

Cases in Medical Microbiology and Infectios Diseases 

• Hilary Hmphreys, William L. Irving: Problem-Oriented-Clinical Microbiolgy and Infection 

• W. Peters.H.M.Gilles: Color Atlas of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 

CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY 

• Spickett, Gavin: Oxford Handbook of Clinical Immunology 

Oxford University Press, 2006 

ISBN:019262721x 




ISBN: 0-72-34-3159-0 


Obligatory: 



ISBN 963 04 8860 4

60 


Recommended textbooks for fifth year medical students 

FORENSIC MEDICINE 

• Bernard Knight: Simpson's Forensic Medicine 

11th ed. Edward Arnold, London, 1996. 

ISBN: 034061370X 


Obligatory: 

• Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine (2 Volume Set), 

Kasper, Dennis L. Braunwald, Eugene Fauci, Anthony Hauser, Stephen Longo, Dan 

16th ed., 2004. 

McGraw-Hill 

ISBN: 0071391401 



ISBN: 0721686974 

• Forster T., Csanády M.: Atlas of Colour Doppler Echocardiography 

Szeged, 1991. 

• I.J. Mazza: Manual of Clinical Hematology 

Oxford Textbook of Nephrology JS Cameron 

AM Davison et al, Oxford University Press, 2001. 

ISBN: 078172907 

• The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy 

Merck and Co. Inc. 2006. 

ISBN: 0911910182 

Recommended: 

• Stone: Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine: 

Self Assessment and Board Review: ISE 



ISBN: 0071203591 



ISBN: 0071219757 



ISBN: 0071454101 

Publication date: 2005 

Edition 45th 

DERMATOLOGY 

• J. A. A. Hunter, J. A. Savin, M. V. Dahl: Clinical Dermatology 

Blackwell Scientific Publications 2 nd ed. 

ISBN: 0632037148 

OTO-RHINO-LARYNGOLOGY 

• Walter Becker, Hans Heinz Naumann, 

Carl RudolfPfaltz: 

Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases –A Pocket Reference 

Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc., 1994. 

ISBN: 3136712021


• Simson Hall, Bernard H. Colman: 

Diseases of the Nose, Throat and Ear 

A Handbook for Students and Practitioners, 1992. 

ISBN: 0443045631 

• M.S. McCormick, W.J. Primrose, I.J. MacKenzie: 

A New Short Textbook of Otolaryngology 

Edward Arnold, London, 1992. 

ISBN: 0340398027 

PAEDIATRICS 

• David Hull, Derek I. Johnston: Essential Pediatrics 

Churchill Livingstone 4 th ed. 1999. 

ISBN: 0443059586 

or 

• Op Ghai: 

Essential Pediatrics 

Fifth Edition 

• Richard E. Behrman, Robert M. Kliegmann: 

Nelson Essentials of Pediatrics 

Fourth edition 

• Tom Lissauer, Graham Clayden: Illustrated Textbook of Pediatrics 

Mosby 2 nd ed. 2001. 

ISBN: 0723431787 

PSYCHIATRY 

• Z. Janka: One Page Synopsis – 

Abstracts of Psychiatry Lectures (handout) 

• Sadock, B.J.- Sadock, V.A.: Kaplan and Sadock’s 

Concise Textbook of Clinical Psychiatry 2 nd ed. 

Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, 2004 

ISBN: 0781750334 

or 

• N. C. Andersen-D. W. Black: Introductory Textbook of Psychiatry 

latest edition. American Psychiatric Press: Wasington, D. c., 

ISBN: 0880487054 

• R.J. Waldinger: Psychiatry for Medical Students 

latest ed., American Psychiatric Press, Washington D.C. 

ISBN: 0880483733 

• Goldman, H.H.: Review of General Psychiatry 

Appleton and Lange, latest ed. 

ISBN: 0838584217 

ISSN: 0894-2404 

• H. I. Kaplan – B.J. Sadock: Synposis of Psychiatry 

Behavioral Science, Clinical Psychiatry 

Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, MD – latest edition 

• J. Szilárd – Z. Janka: Elements of Social Psychology 

Univ. Med. School Press, Szeged, 1986 

NEUROLOGY 

• Rowland, L.P: Merritt's Textbook of Neurology 

Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, 1995. 

ISBN: 0683074008

62 


• Simon, R. P., Aminoff, M. J., Greenberg, D. A: Clinical Neurology 

Appleton and Lange, 1993. 

ISBN: 0838514782 

• Adams, R., Victor, M: Principles of Neurology 

McGraw Hill, 1996. 

ISBN: 0070674396 

NEUROSURGERY 

• Andrew Kaye: Essential Neurosurgery 

Churchill Livingstone 

ISBN: 0443043507 


SURGERY 




Surgery: Basic Science and Clinical Evidence (Book with CD-ROM) 


ISBN: 038798447X 

OPHTHALMOLOGY 

UROLOGY 

• Thieme Flexi Book 

Gerhard K. Lang 

Ophthalmology 

A Pocket Textbook Atlas 

Thieme 2000. 

ISBN: 313126161-7 (GTV) 

ISBN: 0865779368 (TNY) 

• Differiential Diagnosis in Ophthalmology 

Stephen A. Vernon 

Manson Publishing 1999. 

ISBN: 1874545901 

• Smith: General Urology 

Appleton and Lange, 14th ed. 1994. 

ISBN: 0838586139 

CLINICAL GENETICS 

• Harper, Peter, S: Practical Genetic Counselling, 2001. 

• Goodman, R.M. Golin, R.J: The Malformed Infant and Child 

Oxford Univ. Press., 1983. 

ISBN: 0195032551 

• Emery’s Elements of Medical Genetics 

Mueller RF, Young ID, 11 th Edition Churchill Livingstone, 2001 

• Genetics 

2 nd Edition National Medical Series for Independent Study. 

Williams and Wilkins, 1995. Friedman JM, Dill FJ, Hayden MR, McGillivray 

• Human Genetics . A problem-based approach B.R., Korf. 2 nd, 2000.


TRAUMATOLOGY 

• James D. Hardy: Hardy's Textbook of Surgery 

J.B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia, 1990 

ISBN: 0397508182 



Cases in Medical Microbiology and Infectios Diseases 

• Hilary Hmphreys, William L. Irving: Problem-Oriented-Clinical Microbiolgy and Infection 

• W. Peters.H.M.Gilles: Color Atlas of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 

CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY 


Cases in Medical Microbiology and Infectios Diseases, Publisher: Amer Society for Microbiology 

Published Date: 1992, ISBN 1555810454 

• Hilary HUmphreys, William L. Irving: Problem-Oriented-Clinical Microbiolgy and Infection 

2nd Edition, Publisher: Oxford University Press, 2004, ISBN: 0198515855 

• W. Peters.H.M.Gilles: Color Atlas of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 4th Edition, London, Mosby 

Wolfe, 1995, ISBN: 0723420696

64 


SYLLABUSES 

BASIC MODULE - MEDICINE 


1st semester (15 weeks) 

LECTURE SEMINAR ANATOMY PRACTICE 

(2 hrs/week) (2 hrs/week) (3 hrs/week) 

1. Introduction, the history of 

anatomy. General osteology. 

General terminology: planes and 

directions, parts of the human body. 

Guide to cadaver dissection, 

bones of the upper limb. 

2. General syndesmology. 

General myology. 

The joints of the upper limb. 

Dissection of the joints of 

the upper limb. 

3. Anatomy and function of the 

shoulder muscles. General 

angiology. 

Muscles of the upper limb. 

Practical assessment: 

bones and joints of the 

upper limb. 

4. The large arteries, veins and 

lymphatic trunks of the body. 

General neurology. 

5. Anatomy of the peripheral 

nervous plexuses. 

6. Structure of the pelvis. Clinical 

anatomy of the pelvis and the 

hip joint. 

7. Cytology and histology: the 

cell membrane 

Branches of the axillary artery; 

arteries, veins and lymphatic drainage 

of the upper limb. 

Nerves of the upper limb: innervation 

of the muscles and the skin. 

Regions of the upper limb. 

Written assessment: general 

anatomy and the upper limb. 

Seminar: The bones of the lower limb. 

The joints of the lower limb. 

Dissection of the muscles of 

the upper limb. Dissection of 

regions of the upper limb I. 

Dissection of regions of the 

upper limb II. 

Dissection of regions of the 

upper limb III. 

Practical assessment: the 

upper limb. 

8. The endoplasmic reticulum 

and the Golgi apparatus. 

The bones of the pelvis and 

the lower limb. 

9. AUTUMN BREAK 

10. Mitochondria and the cell The muscles of the lower limb. Dissection of the joints of 

nucleus.The cytoskeleton. 

the lower limb. 

11. Epithelial tissues Arteries, veins and lymphatic drainage Practical assessment: 

of the lower limb. 

bones and joints of the 

lower limb. 

12. Connective tissues: cell types Nerves of the lower limb: innervation Dissection of the muscles of 

and fibers. Types of the of the muscles and the skin. 

the lower limb. Dissection of 

connective tissues. 

the regions of the lower limb 

I. 

13. Bone and cartilage Regions of the lower limb. Dissection of the regions of 

the lower limb II. 

14. Muscle tissues Written assessment: the lower Dissection of the regions of 

limb. Histology seminar: the methods the lower limb III. 

of tissue preparation. 

15. Nervous tissue. Histology seminar: the basic 

histotechniques. 

2nd semester (15 weeks) 

Practical assessment 

(cadaver 

demonstration): the 

lower limb. 

LECTURE ANATOMY PRACTICE HISTOLOGY PRACTICE 


1. The vertebral column. Bones Bones and joints of the vertebral Epithelial tissues I. 

and muscles of the thorax. 

The breast. 

column and the thorax. 

2. The diaphragm. Anatomy of Structure of the thoracic wall. Opening Epithelial tissues II. 

the abdominal wall. The deep of the thoracic cavity. The 

muscles of the back 

mediastinum. The anatomy of the 

3. Topography and anatomy of 

the heart. The pericardium. 

diaphragm. 

Dissection of the supracardiac 

mediastinum and the heart I. 

Connective tissues.


4. The chambers and valves of 

the heart. Coronary vessels. 

5. Radiological anatomy of the 

heart and the great vessels. 

Anatomy of the nasal cavity 

6. Anatomy and histology of the 

larynx. Laryngoscopy. 


trachea, bronchial tree and 

lungs. The pleura. 


oral cavity, tongue and large 

salivary glands. 

9. Teeth and pharynx. General 

histology of the alimentary 

tract. 

10. SPRING BREAK 

11. The peritoneum. Laparoscopy. 

The esophagus, stomach and 

small intestine. 

12. The large intestine and the 

rectum. The liver. 

13. The pancreas and the spleen. 

The abdominal aorta and the 

portal vein. 

14. Histology of the blood. 

Hematopoiesis. 

15. Histology of the immune 

system and lymphoid organs. 

3rd semester (15 weeks) 

Dissection of the supracardiac 

mediastinum and the heart II. 

Practical assessment: thorax, 

vertebral column and the heart. 

Anatomy of the lung. 

Dissection of the posterior 

mediastinum I. 

The larynx. Dissection of the posterior 

mediastinum II. 

Practical assessment: respiratory 

system and the mediastinum. 

Dissection of the abdominal wall and 

the inguinal canal. Opening of the 

abdominal cavity, inspection of the 

viscera. The peritoneum I. 

The peritoneum II. Dissection of the 

hepatoduodenal ligament. Dissection 

of the pancreas and duodenum. The 

celiac trunk. 

Dissection of the intestines and the 

superior and inferior mesenteric 

arteries. Parietal and visceral branches 

of the abdominal aorta. 

Examination of the liver and the 

spleen. Porto-caval anastomoses. 

Lymphatic drainage and nerve supply 

of the abdominal cavity and the 

viscera. 

Practical assessment: the 

abdominal cavity and the 

alimentary tract. 

General recapitulation 

Bone and cartilage. 

Ossification. 

Muscle tissues. 

Nervous tissue 

The histology of the heart 

and blood vessels. 

Histology of the respiratory 

system 

Written assessment: 

basic tissues; histology 

of heart, vessels and 

respiratory system. 

Histology of the lip, tongue, 

teeth and salivary glands. 

Histology of the esophagus 

and stomach. Histology of 

the small intestine I. 

Histology of the small 

intestine II. Histology of the 

large intestine and the anal 

canal. 

Histology of the liver, gall 

bladder and the pancreas. 


histology of the digestive 

system. 






kidney, ureter and urinary 

bladder. 

Dissection of the retroperitoneum: 

kidneys, ureters, items on the 

posterior abdominal wall. 

Blood smear, red bone 

marrow, hematopoiesis. 


testis, epididymis and scrotum. 

Spermiogenesis. 

3. Histology of the ovary; 

oogenesis. Histology and cyclic 

changes of the uterus. 

4. Histology and function of the 

endocrine organs. 

5. Nervous tissue: neurons, 

sinapses, nerve fibers, nerve 

endings, glial cells. 

6. CNS: meninges, blood supply; 

gross anatomy of the spinal 

cord. 

Recapitulation: bony pelvis and pelvic 

diameters. Dissection of the pelvis. 

Dissection of the kidney. 

Dissection of the scrotum, male pelvis 

and perineum. 

Dissection of the female pelvis and 

perineum. 

Practical assessment: urogenital 

organs, pelvis and perineum. 

General anatomy of the CSF 

circulation. Anatomical structure and 

blood supply of the CNS. The 

meninges. 

Histology of the lymphatic 

organs. 

Histology of the kidney, 

ureter and urinary bladder. 

Histology of the testis and 

epididymis; spermiogenesis. 

Histology of the spermatic 

cord, seminal vesicle and 

prostate. 

Histology of the ovary, 

uterine tube and uterus.

66 


7. Histology of the spinal cord. 

The brain stem. 

8. Fine structure of the medulla, 

pons and mesencephalon. 


10. Neuroanatomy of the 

cerebellum. Cranial nerve's 

nuclei. 

11. Neuroanatomy of the reticular 

formation. The diencephalon 

and third ventricle. 


thalamus and hypothalamus. 

Basal ganglia and internal 

capsule. 

13. The extrapyramidal system. 

Neuroanatomy of the cerebral 

cortex. 


allocortex and limbic system. 

Anatomy and blood supply of the 

spinal cord. Dissection of the vertebral 

canal and the spinal cord. 

Anatomy and blood supply of the brain 

stem. Anatomy of the fourth ventricle. 


cerebellum. 


diencephalon. Median sagittal section 

of the brain (+MRI), and anatomy of 

the third ventricle. 

Anatomy of the telencephalon: sulci 

and gyri, basal ganglia and internal 

capsule. Anatomy of the lateral 

ventricles. 

Organization of the main sensory and 

motor pathways. 

Practical assessment: 

neuroanatomy and blood supply 

of the CNS. 

Recapitulation: histology of 

the urogenital system 


blood, lymphatic and 

urogenital organs. Slides: 

pituitary and thyroid glands. 

Histology of the parathyroid 

and suprarenal glands, 

pancreas and corpus luteum. 

Histology of the peripheral 

nervous system. 

Histology of the nerve 

endings. 

Histology of the cerebral and 

cerebellar cortex and the 

hypothalamus. 


endocrine organs, and 

anatomy of the central 



15. Somatosensory systems. General recapitulation General recapitulation 

4th semester (15 weeks) 



1. Ovulation, fertilization, The skull: bones of the neurocranium. Repetition: basic tissues. 

cleavage, germ layers. 

Implantation, placentation. 

2. Differentiation of the 

ectoderm, mesoderm and 

entoderm. Foldings of the 

embryo. 

The skull: bones of the 

viscerocranium. 

Repetition: blood, lymphatic 

system, respiratory system. 

3. Derivatives of the germ layers. 

The branchial apparatus. The 

placenta. 


eyeball. Structure and blood 

supply of the retina 

5. Muscles and movements of 

the eye. The visual pathway. 


external, middle and inner ear. 

7. Fine structure of the Corti 

organ. The auditory and 

vestibular pathways. 

The skull: the internal and external 

cranial base, orbit, nasal cavity, 

paranasal sinuses, pterygopalatine 

fossa, temporomandibular joint. 

Practical assessment: the skull. 

Opening of the skull. Topography of 

the internal cranial base in situ. 

The eyeball; muscles of the eye. The 

visual pathway. Topography of the 

orbit. 

Dissection of the tympanic cavity, the 

inner ear and the cavernous sinus. The 

auditory and vestibular pathways. 


9. Development of the heart. Practical assessment: sense 

organs. 

10. Development of the circulatory 

and the respiratory systems. 

Muscles of the head and neck. Cervical 

triangles. Cervical plexus. 

Repetition: digestive system. 

Histology of the placenta, 

umbilical cord, mammary 

gland. Segmentation. 

Written assesment: 

progenesis and 

embryogenesis. 

Repetition: urogenital 

system. 

Histology of the eyeball, 

eyelid and the lacrimal 

gland. 

Histology of the inner ear. 

Repetition: the sense 

organs. 

The skin and its 

appendages.


11. Development of the digestive 

and the urogenital systems. 

12. Development of the ext. 

genitalia and the perineum; 

bones, muscles and the limbs. 

13. Development of the body 

cavities and the diaphragm. 

14. Development of the central 


15. Development of the peripheral 

nervous system and the sense 

organs. 

FIRST AID AND RESUSCITATION 


PRACTICE 

(2 hrs/week) 

* Principles of first aid. 

Emergency situations. Victim 

assessment routine. Assessing 

respiration and pulses. Normal 

and abnormal pulse rates per 

minute. 

* The unresponsive patient. 

Terms of position. Extrication 

of the injured patient (Rautek 

manoeuvre). 

* Basic life support. Victim 

assessment and positioning. 

Determine unresponsiveness. 

Assess for breathlessness. 

Provide rescue breathing. 

Circulation. Esmarch-Heiberg 

manoeuvre. 

* BLS (one-person CPR, twoperson 

CPR) 

* Obstructed airway 

emergencies. Heimlich 

manoeuvre. 

* Pediatric basic life support. 

* Bleeding (hemorrhage). 

Bleeding from an artery, from 

a vein. General procedures for 

controlling bleeding. Direct 

and indirect pressure. Arterial 

pulse points. 

* Recognition of patients with 

shock condition. Body 

positioning for preventing 

shock. 

* Classification of open wounds. 

Bandaging. 

* Burn injuries. Electrical 

injuries. Heat and cold 

emergencies. Water accident. 

* Mechanism of injury. Types of 

injury to joints and bones. 

Splints. Head injuries. Injuries 

to the spine. Injuries to the 

chest. Injuries to the 

abdomen. 

* Poisoning. 

Regions of the head and neck I. 

Arteries and veins; lymph drainage. 

Regions of the head and neck II. 

Cranial nerves III, IV, V, VI. 

Regions of the head and neck III. 

Cranial nerves VII, IX, X, XI, XII. 

Practical assessment: regions of 

the head and neck, cranial nerves. 


Repetition: the nervous 

system. 

Repetition: the endocrine 

organs. 



General recapitulation

68 


* Heart attack. Respiratory 

emergencies. 

* Revision of BLS. 

MEDICAL PHYSICS AND STATISTICS 


LECTURE 

PRACTICE/SEMINAR 

(3 hours per week) (2 hours per week) 

1. The basis of statistics: the 

measurement, the errors of 

Work in Lab, safety and fire 

regulations. 

measurements, the errors of 

analogue and digital 

measurements. 

The SI system, the SI units of 

physical quantities and some 

units of the former systems. 

2. The representative sample, Solving biometric problems. 

the characteristics of samples, 

modus, median, average, 

standard deviation, standard 

error of the mean, the 

frequency histogram and the 

probability density distribution 

function, the normal and other 

distributions (the linear-, 

exponential-, logarithmic- and 

trigonometric functions). The 

bases of linear regression. 

3. The parameters of 

Solving biometric problems. 

distributions, confidence 

intervals, the degree of 

freedom, statistical tables, 

theoretical backgrounds of 

tests of significance and the 

course of their execution. 

4. Student's t-test for paired 

samples, Student's t-test for 

unpaired samples, the F-test 

Solving biometric problems. 

and the 2-test. 

5. Nuclear physics in biology and 

medical sciences: introduction, 

nuclear structure and nuclear 

forces, composition, 

Rutherford's and Chadwick's 

experiments, mass, size, 

binding energy, stability of 

nuclei, fission and fusion. 

6. Radioactivity: origin and 

properties of nuclear radiation, 

law of decay, decay constant, 

activity, physical, biological 

and effective half-times, 

nuclear reactions, modes of 

disintegration of nuclei 

(-decay, -decay, positron 

emission, electron capture, - 

radiation), the rule of Soddy- 

Fajans, chain reaction, nuclear 

reactors. 

Mechanics: street, displacement, 

motions along strait lines, velocity, 

acceleration, the meaning of 

difference- and differential-quotient. 

Impulse and force. Law of 

conservation of impulse. 

Measurement of density of liquids and 

solids. Measurement of density with a 

pycnometer (pp. 15-16, 19-22). 

Forces: law of gravitation, Coulomb’s 

law, the weight, buoyant force, force 

of spring, force of friction. Circular 

motion, angular velocity and 

acceleration, centripetal force, Lorentz 

force. Periodical motions, oscillations, 

(pendulum, period of pendulum, 

harmonic motion, electromagnetic 

oscillations, oscillating circuits). 

Resonance. Waves, wavelength, 

relation between wavelength and 

frequency, interference, constructive 

and deconstractive interference. 

Polarisation.


7. Attenuation of nuclear 

radiation (neutron-, ionising 

electro-magnetic- and charged 

particle radiation) in media, 

electron equilibrium, linear ion 

density, linear energy transfer, 

relative stopping power, 

effective range, Geiger-Nuttal 

rule, Bragg's peak, medical 

applications. 

8. Basic concept of dosimetry: 

absorbed and exposure dose, 

relative biological effectivity, 

the equivalent or biological 

dose, SI and earlier units: 

gray, C/kg, sievert, rad, 

roentgen, REP, REM. Target 

theories. 

9. Factors influencing the effect 

of radiation, permissible 

doses. The bases of nuclear 

medicine: ionising radiation 

and the living organism, 

protection against ionising 

radiation, factors influencing 

the effect of radiation, oxygen 

enhancement ratio, queue of 

sensitivity, dose levels, target 

theories. Measurements of 

nuclear radiation: ionisation 

and excitation, radiation 

detectors; ionisation 

chambers, photographic 

methods, scintillation counter 

and detectors based on 

luminescence (gamma cameras), 

other dose measuring 

devices. 

10. Radioactive tracers, isotope in 

the clinical practice: cobalt 

gun, the decay of technetium, 

determination of volume by 

dilution method, metabolic 

processes, localisation, 

radiocardiography, relative 

pumped volume, radioactive 

dating, carbon 14 dating, 

thermoluminescence. 

11. The technical elements of 

nuclear medicine: diagnosis 

and therapy with ionising 

radiation and its planning. 

12. Electromagnetic waves: 

Physical aspects of light. 

Elements of photometry, 

geometrical and physical 

optics. The human eye as an 

optical system. Imaging in 

medicine by light: photometry, 

photogrammetry (holography), 

endoscopy (fiber optic and 

videoendoscopy), 

microscopes, limit of 

Scalars and vectors. Torque, moment 

of inertia, angular momentum, law of 

conservation of angular momentum. 

Torque in human body. 

Work done in gravitational field, at 

motion, at volume-change). Energy 

(potential, kinetic, elastic, electric and 

magnetic). Power. Efficiency. 

Elastic deformations and elastic 

moduli. Tension in the wall of hollow 

organs (Laplace law), the bases of 

biomechanics. 

Measurement of surface tension of 

liquids. Measurement of surface 

tension with a stalagmometer. 

Determination of critical micelle 

concentration from surface tension 

(pp. 23-26, 30-33). 

Measurement of temperature with a 

thermistor (pp. 51-56). 

Inspection of signal shape with an 

oscilloscope (pp. 108-122). 

Practice in the Radiology Department: 

roentgen devices and ultrasoundgenerators.

70 


resolution. 

13. Roentgen radiation: basic 

properties of X-rays, 

generation of X-rays (X-ray 

sources: X-ray tubes, particle 

accelerators (cyclotron, 

synchrocyclotron, betatron, 

electron monochromator)). 

The spectra of roentgen 

radiation: the braking 

(bremsstralung, Duan-Hunt's 

law) and characteristic 

radiation (Moseley's law). Attenuation 

of X-rays in media: 

basic law and mechanisms of 

absorption, processes leading 

to attenuation (coherent 

scattering, photoelectric 

effect, Compton scattering, 

pair production). Therapy and 

diagnosis with X-rays (positive 

and negative contrast media, 

summation of images). 

14. Determination of molecular 

structures by X-ray diffraction. 

Imaging in medicine by 

ionising radiation: 

radiography, radioactive 

tracers, computerised X-ray 

tomography, geometrical and 

computer tomography (single 

photon emission tomography, 

positron emission tomography, 

digital subtraction 

angiography). 

Magnetic resonance (NMR) 

and electron spin resonance 

(ESR) spectroscopy. 

15. Ultrasound: normal and 

particular characteristics, 

ultrasound generators, 

piezoelectric effect and 

magnetostriction. Acoustic 

resistance and reflectivity, 

pulse-echo and Doppler 

methods: A-scan, B-scan, C- 

scan. Ultrasound in diagnosis 

and therapy. 

Pactice in the Nuclear Medicine 

Department: the gammakamera. 

Practice in the Oncotherapy 

Department: the linear accelerator and 

the cobalt gun. 

Amplifiers (pp. 99-107). 

Consultation.



LECTURE 

PRACTICE/SEMINAR 

(2 hours per week) (2 hours per week) 

1. Transport processes in biology 

and medicine, the equilibrium 

of a living system: macro and 

micro transports. The intensity 

and the current density of a 

transport, the generalised 

force. Flow of ideal fluids and 

gases, the equation of 

continuity, data from our 

blood circulation. 

Determination of the intensity 

of a transport by injection 

technique, gas transport by 

the blood, balance of oxygen 

consumption, Fick's zeroth 

law. Bernoulli's law: Bunsen 

burner, atomiser, saliva 

sucker, aneurysm and other 

examples. 

2. Viscometers (Ostwald, 

Hoeppler, Silanos) and their 

use in medicine. The 

rheological properties of the 

blood, blood transport in 

capillaries. 

3. Laminar and turbulent flow, 

critical pressure, critical velocity, 

Reynolds number. 

Turbulent motion in human 

body, measurement of blood 

pressure, other examples. 

Pulsatile flow in elastic tubes, 

the arteries as energy storage 

system, pressure and velocity 

in the descending aorta. 

4. The resistance of tubes, 

transport in tubes connected 

in parallel and series. The 

Ohm¢s and Kirchhoff¢s laws. 

5. Micro-transport: Basic laws of 

diffusion, Fick's first law, 

diffusion coefficient and its 

units. Diffusion in gases, in 

fluids and in the alveolocapillary 

membrane, the 

diffusion of oxygen and 

carbon-dioxide. Generalised 

equation of continuity, Fick's 

second law. The analytical 

form of the solution of the 

Fick's second law. Free 

diffusion in one dimension and 

its role in gas exchange of red 

blood cells. The partial 

pressure of oxygen in the lung 

and in the body, Henry's law, 

oxygen uptake of blood, the 

structure of haemoglobin. The 

Determination of ion permeability of 

membranes (pp. 73-79). 

Measurement of refractive index and 

dispersion with an Abbe refractometer 

(pp. 168-174). 

Optical lenses and lens systems. 

Determination of focal length by 

Bessel and Abbe methods: the human 

eye as an optical system (pp. 175- 

189). 

Measurement of viscosity of liquids. 

Study of temperature dependence of 

viscosity with a Hoeppler viscometer 

(pp. 34-35, 38-41). 

Determination of diffusion coefficient 

by "schlieren" method (pp. 42-50).

72 


pH of the blood, the Bohr 

effect. Model of the oxygen 

supply of human cerebral 

cortex, the lethal corner. 

6. Heat-transport in the body: 

heat-conduction, heatconvection, 

heat-radiation, 

evaporation. Heat 

conductivity, natural and 

forced convection, wind-chill 

factor, the Stefan-Boltzmann, 

Wien and Planck¢s laws, 

rescue foil, Newton's law of 

cooling (rate constant of 

cooling), the role of surface 

and volume in cooling. 

7. Perspiration, latent heat of 

water, evaporation as the 

most effective way to cool 

down the body, heat stroke. 

The human body in heat 

exchange with the 

environment, estimated heat 

exchange. Important medical 

applications of uptake and 

release of heat. 

Thermography. 

8. Transport processes through 

biomembranes, membrane 

potentials: the structure of 

bio-membranes, interaction of 

lipids and proteins, the 

sandwich-models. Direct 

morphological methods to 

investigate the inner structure 

of membranes: freezefracturing 

and freeze etching. 

The experiment of Frye and 

Edidin, the lateral transport, 

the fluid mosaic model. The 

internal and the external 

surface of membranes, the 

glycocalyx, receptor 

distribution in the pre- and 

post-synaptic membranes.. 

The passive and active 

transport, the transport of 

hydrophilic particles. 

Measurement of conductivity of 

electrolytes with an alternating current 

Wheatstone bridge (pp. 123-131). 

Investigation of heating and cooling 

kinetics (pp. 60-66). 

Factors controlling heatexchange 

between the human body and its 

environment (pp. 67-72).


9. Voltaic and concentration 

cells: Galvani¢s experiment, 

the electrode potential, 

hydrogen electrode, standard 

electrode potential, Nernst's 

equation. The mobility of 

anions and cations, the 

diffusion potential. The role of 

immobile ions: the Donnan 

potential and Donnan 

equilibrium. The origins of 

membrane potentials 

(diffusion potential, electrogenic 

ion pumps and surface 

charges). The electrical 

character of a living cell: 

special ion distribution in the 

external and internal volume, 

experimental techniques of 

determination of membrane 

potential, micro electrodes, 

the voltage clamp method, 

single channel measurements 

(the patch clamp): noise 

analysis and direct measurement 

of the gating current, 

optical methods. The Hodgkin- 

Huxley-Katz model and the 

Goldman equation: the role of 

concentration and 

permeability. Resting potential 

and action potential, 

phenomenological description. 

10. Origin of the resting potential, 

basic properties of the action 

potential, ionic fluxes during 

the action potential, the time 

course of Na+ and K+ 

ion/currents, current-voltage 

characteristics, the change of 

membrane resistance. 

Hyperpolarisation, 

hypopolarisation, threshold of 

stimulus, all-or-none response, 

time course of the action 

potential, depolarisation, 

overshoot, repolarisation, 

negative afterpotential, 

positive afterpotential. The 

time course of action potential 

of cat nerve, rat skeletal 

muscle and cat cardiac 

muscle. The self-regeneration, 

refractory periods: absolute-, 

the relative refractory period 

and the super sensitivity 

period. The propagation of 

action potential: local circuit 

model, myelinated fibers, 

Ranvier nodes (saltatoric 

propagation), ion current 

along and across the 

membrane, longitudinal and 

Thermoelectromotive force. 

Measurement of temperature with a 

thermocouple (pp. 56-59). 

Band theory of semiconductors. The 

characteristics of a transistor (pp. 88- 

90, 92-98).

74 


transversal conductivity of the 

membranes, length constant, 

velocity and frequency of 

propagation. 

11. The molecular description of 

the membrane transport, the 

Na+/K+ ion pump and the 

voltage sensitive ion channels, 

cooperativity of ion pumps and 

ion channels in generation of 

action potential, the effects of 

nerve drugs: ouabain, 

dinitrophenol, cyanide, 

tetrodotoxin, local 

anaesthetics, tetraethyl 

ammonia, 4-amino pyridine. 

The structure of ion-channels. 

12. Diffusion through 

semipermeable membrane: 

Pfeffer's osmometer, direct 

and indirect osmosis, the van't 

Hoff relation, direct and 

indirect possibilities to 

measure the osmotic pressure, 

osmometers in medicine. 

Physiological significance of 

osmosis: isotonic, hypotonic 

and hypertonic solutions. The 

hemolysis and plasmolysis, 

different infusions, saline 

cathartics, dialysis and 

hemodialysis (artificial kidney). 

Starling effect: oedema in the 

lung or in the body. 

13. Experimental backgrounds of 

quantum theory: black body 

radiation, photoelectric effect, 

Franck-Hertz experiment, 

spectral lines of atoms, 

particle waves and the 

Heisenberg's uncertainty 

principle. Quantum physical 

basics of spectroscopy: the 

spectra of H atom, atomabsorption- 

and atomemission 

spectrophotometry, 

atomfluorescence spectroscopy, 

their biomedical applications. 

Molecular 

spectroscopy: molecular 

absorption spectroscopy, the 

Beer-Lambert¢s law and its 

application in biology, the 

scattering of light. 

Alternating current circuits. Oscillating 

circuits, resonance (pp. 132-133, 136- 

142). 

Determination of midpoint potentials 

of redox systems (pp. 80-87). 

Determination of proton dissociation 

constant of pH-indicator dye (pp. 157- 

161, 166-167).


14. The molecular fluorescence 

spectroscopy (Jablonskidiagram, 

fluorescence and 

phosphorescence, quantum 

and energy spectra, lifetime of 

luminescence, yield of fluorescence, 

polarisation degree). 

Luminescence in biology and 

in medicine: measurement of 

fluorescence, routine 

laboratory diagnostics, 

immunofluorescence, investigation 

of blood vessels, 

fluorescence activated 

cellanalysis and -sorting, 

determination of molecular 

structures of proteins and 

nucleic acids. FRAP (fluorescence-recovery 

after 

photobleaching). Lasers in 

biology and medicine: physical 

basics of lasers, characteristics 

of laser radiation, the 

hologram. 

15. Chapters from biophysics: the 

biophysical events of muscle 

contraction, the role of the 

arrangement of cardiac fibers 

in power of contraction. The 

equation of Hill. Tension in the 

walls of blood vessels, the 

Laplace¢s law. 

Basic concepts of photometry. Light 

absorption of solutions. Light 

absorption of acid-base indicators (pp. 

148-157, 162-166). 

Consultation. 



LECTURE SEMINAR PRACTICE 

(3 hrs/week) (1 hr/week) (2 hrs/week) 

1. Basic terms. The mole 

concept. Basic structure of 

atoms. Electronic structure of 

atoms. Atomic theories. The 

periodic table. Explanation of 

periodic properties. 

Important terms: atomic mass, molar 

mass, moles, chemical formulas. 

Chemical reactions, stoichiometry, SI 

units, simple chemical calculation 

involving Avogadro’s number and 

moles. 

2. Chemical bonding. Octet rule. 

Ionic, covalent and metallic 

bondings. Intermolecular 

forces: hydrogen bonding, van 

der Waals forces (dipole-dipole 

and London forces). 

3. Introduction to inorganic 

chemistry. Properties of the 

most important elements and 

their compounds. Biological 

importance and usage. 

4. States of matter. The gaseous 

state: gas laws, Avogadro's 

law. The liquid state: 

properties of liquids, 

dependence of phase changes 

on pressure and temperature. 

The solid state: properties of 

solids, types of crystalline 

Atomic models, electronic 

configuration of atoms. 

Chemical calculations: concentration of 

solutions. 

The application of the periodic table. 

Intra- and intermolecular chemical 

bonds. Continuation of practicing 

simple chemical calculations. 

Metals and nonmetals and their 

compounds. Complexes. Summary of 

inorganic chemical reactions. 

Review of laboratory 

requirements. Fire and 

safety precautions. 

Demonstration of laboratory 

equipments. 

Background of volumetric 

analysis. Using a pipette and 

a burette. Titration 

calculations. 

The principle of photometry, 

Lambert-Beer law. 

Potentiometry, pH 

measurements.

76 

lattice. Homogenous and 

heterogenous systems. 

5. Solutions. Types of solutions. 

The solution process. Ways of 

expressing concentration. 

Colligative properties. Osmosis 

and its biological importance. 

Chemical equilibrium. 

LeChatelier's principle. 

Equilibrium in electrolytes, pH 

and pOH. Acid-base ionization 

equilibrium. Salts. 

6. Electrolytic dissociation, strong 

and weak electrolytes. Acidbase 

concepts. Acid-base 

titration. Buffer and their 

biological importance. Types 

of metathesis reactions: 

precipitation and gas 

formation, neutralization. 

7. Thermochemistry. Basic terms. 

First, second and third laws of 

thermodynamics. Entropy and 

disorder. Change in Gibb's free 

energy and spontaneity of a 

reaction. Electrochemistry. 

Oxidation-reduction reactions. 

Electrical work and free energy 

chane. 

8. Voltaic cells, types of 

electrodes. Reference 

electrodes. Glass electrodes, 

measurement of pH. 

Electrolysis. Reaction kinetics. 

Rate, order, molecularity and 

mechanism of reactions. 

Complex chemical reactions. 

Catalysis. Enzymes as 

biocatalysts. 


Gas laws. Colloids. Stoichiometry of 

chemical reactions. 

Chemical equilibrium. Application of 

LeChatelier’s principle. Simple pH 

calculations. 

Acid-base concepts. Strength of acids 

and bases. Weak and strong acids and 

bases. 

Buffers, calculations involving buffers. 


During weeks 5 to 12 

students work in rotation 

and conduct one of the 

following experiments each 

week: I) Quantitative 

determination of HCl content 

by titration with NaOH 

solution. II) Determination 

of pKa of a known 

concentration weak acid 

solution through the 

preparation of different 

buffers. III) Measurement of 

buffer capacity. IV) 

Qualitative analysis (2 

weeks). V) Quantitative 

determination of Fe(II)- 

content by 

permanganometric titration 

measuring the redox 

potential. VI) 

Complexometric 

determination of calcium and 

magnesium. VII) 

Photometric determination of 

iron. VIII) Photometric 

determination of glucose.


10. General principles of organic 

chemistry. Classification of 

organic compounds. 

Functional groups. Types of 

organic chemical reactions: 

substitution, addition, and 

elimination. Alkanes (paraffin 

hydrocarbons). Cycloalkanes. 

Alkenes. Alkynes. Isoprene, 

mevalonic acid, terpenes. 

Carotinoids. Vitamin A. The 

photochemistry of vision. 

11. Polarization in organic 

compounds: inductive and 

conjugation effects. Structure 

of conjugated dienes. 

Absorption of light, color 

compounds. Aromatic 

hydrocarbons. Structure and 

reaction of benzene and its 

derivatives. 

12. Organic halogen compounds. 

Hydroxyl group containing 

organic compounds: alcohols, 

enols and phenols. 

Classification, nomenclature 

and chemical properties of 

alcohols. Some important 

alcohols. 

13. Phenols. Acidity of phenols. 

Nomenclature and chemical 

reactions of phenols. Oxidation 

of phenols, quinones. Esters 

formed with inorganic acids. 

Ethers. Thioalcohols, 

thioethers, sulfoxides and 

Brief summary of chemical 

thermodynamics. 

Electrochemistry. Voltaic cells. 

Calculations involving the Nernst 

equation. 

Reaction kinetics. Catalysis. 

Saturated hydrocarbons: alkanes and 

cycloalkanes. 

Unsaturated hydrocarbons: alkenes 

and alkynes. 

Inductive and conjugation effects in 

organic compounds. 

Aromatic hydrocarbons. 

sulfones. 

14. Optional lecture session. Organic halogen compounds. Alcohols 

and phenols. 

15. Optional lecture session. Ethers and sulfur-containing organic 

compounds. 

Weeks 13 to 15: make-up 

laboratory practicals. 




1. Three-dimensional structure of 

molecules: constitution, 

configuration and 

conformation. Optical 

isomerism. Enantiomers, 

racemates. Configuration: D-L 

and R-S systems. Molecules 

with more than one chiral 

centers. Diastereomers. 

Classification and 

nomenclature of amines. 

Basicity of amines, salt 

formation. 

Summary of organic chemical 

reactions. 

Demonstration of laboratory 

equipments used for 

preparative organic 

chemistry. Synthesis of an 

organic compound.

78 

2. Biologically important amines 

and aminoalcohols. Amines as 

neurotransmitters. Reactions 

of amines. Azodyes, 

sulfonamides and its 

chemotherapy. Classification 

and nomenclature of 

heterocyclic compounds. 

Three- and four-membered 

heterocycles: b-lactams. Fivemembered 

heterocycles with 

one and two heteroatoms. Sixmembered 

heterocycles with 

one heteroatom: nicotinamide, 

flavonoids. Six-membered 

heterocycles with two 

heteroatoms: pyrimidines, 

barbituric acid and 

barbiturates, purines. 

3. Oxo compounds. Structure of 

the carbonyl group. Chemical 

reactions of aldehydes and 

ketones. Important oxo 

compounds: quinones, 

coenzyme Q and vitamin K. 

4. Classification and 

nomenclature of carboxylic 

acids. Acidity, salt formation. 

Homologous series of 

saturated and unsaturated 

carboxylic acids. Fatty acids. 

The role of eicosapentaenic 

and docosahexaenic acids in 

biological membranes. 

Prostaglandines. Dicarboxylic 

acids. Unsaturated and 

hydroxy carboxylic acids. Oxo 

acids, "ketone bodies". 

Derivatives of carbonic acid: 

urea, guanidine, creatine, 

phosphocreatine. 

5. Carboxylic acid derivatives: 

esters, thioesters, acyl halides, 

anhydrides, amides. Acylation 

reaction, acylating agents. 

Acid-catalyzed esterification 

and hydrolysis of esters. 

Soaps, detergents. 

Phosphoglycerydes. 

Plasmalogens. Sphingolipids. 

The structure of biological 

membranes. 

Chirality, optical isomerism. 

Amines and diazo compounds. 

Heterocyclic compounds. 

Aldehydes, ketones, and quinones. 

Carboxylic acids. Substituted carboxylic 

acids. 

Modeling of chirality. 


Examination of some 

important functional groups: 

- detection of the double 

bond - electrophilic 

substitution of aromatic 

compounds - reactions of 

alcohols 

Examination of some 

important functional groups: 

- reactions of amines 

- reactions of oxo 

compounds 

- acidity and basicity of 

organic compounds 

During weeks 5 to 12 

students work in rotation 

and conduct one of the 

following experiments each 

week: 

I) Complexometric 

determination of calcium and 

magnesium. 

II) Photometric 

determination of iron. 

III) Photometric 

determination of glucose. 

IV) Kinetic examination of 

the hydrolysis of an ester. 

V) Polarimetric 

determination of sugar. 

VI) Quantitative 

determination of a protein 

by photometric method. 

VII) Photometric cholesterol 

determination.


6. Classification and 

nomenclature of amino acids. 

Proteinogenic amino acids. 

Amphoteric character: 

isoelectric points. Essential 

amino acids, biological 

importance. Qualitative test, 

preparation and separation of 

amino acids. Chemical 

properties. Peptides. 

Stereochemistry of the peptide 

bond. Principles of sequence 

analysis. Synthesis of 

peptides. Biological 

importance. Naturally 

occurring peptides. Important 

peptide hormones, analogues 

and peptide antibiotcs. 

7. Structure and function of 

proteins. Physical and 

chemical properties, 

purification and classification 

of proteins. Qualitative test. 

The three-dimensional 

structure of proteins. Protein 

folding. Denaturation of 

proteins. Biological importance 

of proteins: transport, 

contractile, structural, 

nutrient, storage, defense and 

regulation proteins. 

Mechanism of enzyme 

reactions. 

8. Classification of 

carbohydrates. Configuration. 

D-glucose, mutarotation, 

anomers. Cyclic structures. 

Chemical properties of 

monosaccharides: oxidation, 

reduction, formation of ethers 

and esters, formation of O- 

and N-glycosides. Important 

monosaccharides: aldoses and 

ketoses and their derivatives. 

9. Structure of disaccharides. 

Nonreducing disaccharides: 

sucrose and trehalose. 

Reducing disaccharides: 

maltose, cellobiose, lactose. 

Oligosaccharides. 

Cyclodextrines. Complex 

oligosaccharides. 

Mucopolysaccharides: 

hyaluronic acid, chondroitin 

and its sulfate, dermatane 

sulfate and heparine. 

Polysaccharides: starch, 

glycogen, cellulose. Structure 

of bacterial cell wall. 

Carboxylic acid derivatives. Lipids. 

Amino acids. 

Peptides and proteins. 

Carbohydrates. 

VIII) Quantitative 

determination of vitamin C 

content by bromatometric 

titration.

80 


11. Steroids. Classification of Steroids. 

steroids. Cholesterol, 

cholesterolesters. Ergosterol. 

Vitamins D2 and D3. Bile acids 

and their detergent effect. 

Steroid hormones. 

Corticosteroids: mineralo- and 

glucocorticosteroids. Sex 

hormones. Structure and 

properties of nucleosides and 

nucleotides. Nucleic acid bases 

(uracil, thimine, cytosine, 

(adenine, guanine, uric acid). 

Nucleotide coenzymes:NAD 

and NADH. Nucleic acids: RNA 

and DNA. Hydrolysis, 

purification and properties of 

nucleic acids. 

12. Sequence analysis and Nucleic acids. 

synthesis of nucleic acids. 

Structure of DNA: double 

helix. B-DNA, A-DNA and Z- 

DNA. Denaturation of DNA. 

DNA-protein complexes. 

Biological importance of 

nucleic acids. Classification of 

RNA. Molecular mechanism of 

protein biosynthesis, genetic 

code. Water-soluble vitamins 

and their coenzymes. 

13. Fat-soluble vitamines. Hypoand 

hypervitaminosis. 

Antibiosis. Classification of 

antibiotics. Most important 

antibiotics. Alkaloids, most 

important representatives. 

Porphin-ring containing 

compounds. Protoporphyrin-IX 

and heme. Structure and 

biological importance of 

hemoglobin and myoglobin. 

Intermediates of heme: 

biliverdin and bilirubin. 

Chlorophyll. 

Vitamins, antibiotics. 

14. Optional lecture session. Alkaloids and porphyrins. 

15. Optional lecture session. Review of organic chemical reactions. 


Weeks 13 to 15: make-up 

laboratory practicals. 

CELL BIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR GENETICS 


LECTURE 

* Biology, the science of life. (A 

short history of the Earth. The 

origin of organic molecules. 

Catalytic activity. The origin of 

life. Coacervates. 

Macromolecules.) 

* Organization of the cell. (Cell 

as fundamental unit. 

Prokaryotes and eukaryotes. 

Organelles and their function. 

The origin of eukaryotes.) 

PRACTICE 

Preparatory practicum. (Safety in the 

laboratory.) 

Methods to study the living material


* Chemosynthesis, 

photosynthesis, respiration. 

(The evolution of metabolism. 

Chemosynthesis. 

Photosynthesis. Plastids. 

Phosphorylation. Cellular 

respiration and fermentation.) 

* DNA, genes, genoms and 

chromosomes. (DNA, the basis 

for inheritance. DNA structure. 

Sequencing. Chromosomes. 

Replication. 

* Transmission of the 

chromosomes. (Mitosis and 

meiosis. Phages, bacteria. Cell 

cycle, mitosis, meiosis. Cell 

division errors and 

consequences. Nondisjunction. 

Euploidy and aneuploidy.) 

* Bacterial genetics. 

(Transformation, transduction 

and conjugation. IS elements, 

episomes, transposons.) 

* Mendelian genetics. Linkage in 

eukaryotes. (Mendel's law. 

Linkage and recombination. 

Genetic maps.) 

* Non-Mendelian genetics and 

the maternal effect. (Genetics 

of the organelles: plastids and 

mitochondria.) 

* Transcription in pro- and 

eukaryotes. (Transcription, 

sense strand, mRNA, RNA 

polymerase, introns and 

exons, processing of premRNA.) 

* Translation and the genetic 

code. (The nature of the 

genetic code. The mechanism 

of protein synthesis. rRNA and 

tRNA.) 

* Mutation, reparation, 

mutagens and carcinogens. 

(Gene and chromosome 

mutations. Consequences. 

Reparations. Mutagens and 

carcinogens. The Ames test. 

Microscopy and histology. (Practicum: 

light, phase contrast and polarization 

microscopes. Consultation: cell 

organelles, EM techniques, albums.) 

Separation techniques. (Practicum: 

separation of proteins, gel filtration by 

Sephadex column. Determination of 

protein concentration. Paper 

chromatography. Separation of plant 

pigments. Saccharase gradient and the 

separation of blood components. 

Consultation: Ultracentrifugation, ion 

exchange and affinity chromatography 

in study of proteins.) 

The basis of inheritance 

Chromosomes (Practicum: the 

Drosophila salivary gland giant 

chromosome. Chromosomes in onion 

root tips. X chromosome inactivation 

and the Barr body. Consultation: 

Chromatin and chromosome 

organization.) 

Genotype and phenotype. (Practicum: 

identification of Drosophila marker 

mutations and analysis of an F1 

generation. Human karyotyping. 

Consultation: Mendel rules and allele 

interactions.) 

Gene regulation in bacteria. 

(Practicum: induction of the lac 

operon. Catabolite repression. 

Measurement of -galactosidase 

activity. Study of bacterial strains (i) 

overexpressing the repressor and (ii) 

carrying multiple operator copies. 

Consultation: cis and trans elements in 

regulation of gene expression.) 

Gene frequency and pedigree 

analyses. (Practicum: Hardy-Weinberg 

calculations. Sensing PTC. Pedigree 

albums.)

82 


Teratogens.) 

* Insertion elements, 

transposons and variegation. 

Recombinant DNA technology. 

(IS elements. Transposons or 

jumping genes. Variegation. 

Retroviruses. Restriction 

enzymes. Recombinant DNA. 

PCR. Libraries.) 

* Gene expression in 

prokaryotes. (Enzyme 

induction. The operon. 

Promoter structure and 

function. Positive and negative 

gene regulation. Catabolite 

repression and cAMP. 

Attenuation.) 

* Gene expression in 

eukaryotes. (Levels of 

regulation of gene expression. 

Signals. DNA-binding proteins. 

Enhancers and silencers.) 


LECTURE 

* Genetic regulation of 

development. (Dosage 

compensation. Sexdetermination. 

Induction. 

Differentiation.) 

* Cell differentiation and 

homeostasis. (Cell affinity. 

Growth and pattern formation. 

Stem cells. Regeneration and 

duplication. Aging.) 

* Reproduction biology. (Asexual 

reproduction. Reproductive 

organs. Hermaphrodites, 

Gametogenesis. Fertilization.) 

* Cytoskeleton and cell 

movements. (Intracellular 

transport. Cilia and flagella. 

The centrosome. Muscle 

structure. Cell movements.) 

* Cell communication. (The cell 

membrane. Ligands and 

receptors. Signal transduction. 

Channels. Transport. 

Osmosis.) 

* Hormones and their functions. 

(Receptors. Target cells. 

Regulation mechanisms.) 

PRACTICE 

Preparatory practicum (Principles of 

molecular biology.) 

Recombinant DNA technology 

DNA isolation and analysis (Practicum: 

plasmid preparation, photometry, 

electrophoresis. Consultation: DNA 

sequencing.) 

Restriction enzymes and fragments, 

physical maps and gel electrophoresis 

(Practicum: DNA digestion with 

restriction enzymes. Gel 

electrophoresis and determining 

fragment length. Constraction of 

restriction maps. Consultation: 

principles of mapping. Genetic and 

physical maps.) 

Ligation of DNA fragments and 

transformation (Practicum: ligation 

and transformation. Consultation: 

genetic engineering, vectors, 

transgenic organisms.) 

Production of foreign proteins in 

bacteria. The detection of proteins. 

(Practicum: protein electrophoresis. 

Western blot. Immunological protein 

detection. ELISA. Consultation: 

Expression vectors. Protein-antibody 

interaction.)


* The cell cycle. (Stages. 

Stimulating factors. Mutants. 

Social regulation.) 

* The biology of tumor 

formation. (Oncogens. Tumor 

suppressor genes. Viruses. 

Carcinogens.) 

* Immunogenetics. (Antigens 

and antibodies. Clonal 

selection. Memory. 

Lymphocytes. The MHC 

complex. AIDS.) 

* Biology of the nervous system. 

(Neurons. Synapses. Channels. 

Action potential. 

Neurotransmitters.) 

* Sensory systems. Animal 

behavior. (Mechano-, chemoand 

light receptors. Learning. 

Daily rhythm. Signals and 

communication. Genes.) 

* Population genetics. 

(Polymorphism. Polygenes. 

Heritability. Genetic and 

environmental factors. 

Darwin's revolution. Hardy- 

Weinberg law. Natural 

selection. Speciation.) 

* The evolution of living 

organisms. (The origin of 

species. Molecules and 

evolution. The Eve 

hypothesis.) 

* Ecosystems and communities. 

(The climate. Energy flow. 

Cycles. The dynamics of 

populations. 



PRACTICE 

(4 hrs/week) 

1. Introduction: general 

information about the 

language. The Hungarian 

alphabet, pronunciation and 

intonation. Greetings, notices. 

2. Getting acquainted: Who are 

you? Where are you from? 

Conjugation of the verb ‘to 

be’, subject form of the 

personal pronouns. 

3. What is where in Szeged? 

Asking questions. Question 

words, existential sentences. 

DNA-based diagnostic procedures 

Hybridization techniques. PCR and 

RFLP. (Practicum: DNA blot. Detection 

of human DNA markers by PCR. 

Prenatal diagnosis of cystic fibrosis 

based on DNA analysis. Consultation: 

Southern and Northern blots using 

specific probes, radiative and nonradioactive 

detection systems. 

Sequence data banks. The human 

genome project. Huntington chorea. 

PCR technique in forensic practice.

84 


Definite and indefinite articles. 

4. Meeting students. The 

conjugation of verbs: present 

indefinite conjugation, singular 

forms. Cardinal numbers: 

telephone numbers and prices. 

5. Going shopping. The 

accusative form of nouns. 

6. Revision of grammar and 

vocabulary. Test 1. 

7. Going to the cinema. Telling 

the time. Making an 

appointment. Plural forms of 

the verb (indefinite present 

tense). The postposition ‘elıtt’. 

8. A Sunday out: museum, 

theatre. The plural form of 

nouns and adjectives. 

Expressing possibility. The 

infinitive form. 


10. Buying cinema tickets. 

Practising the present tense 

indefinite conjugation. Some 

adverbial suffixes: -ba/-be (to, 

into), -ban/-ben (in) 

11. In a restaurant. Ordering a 

meal. Further adverbial 

suffixes: -hoz/-hez/-höz (to), - 

nál/-nél (at) 

12. Introducing the family: my 

mother, father, siblings, 

grandparents. The possessive 

suffixes (one possession). 

13. Have you got a ? ‘To have’ in 

Hungarian. The dative form of 

the personal pronoun. 

14. General revision. Test 2. 

15. Oral tests 


PRACTICE 

(4hrs/week) 

1. What does a student do in 

Szeged? Verbs with verbal 

prefixes: le-, be-, ki-, fel-, el-, 

meg- 

2. Housing. Renting a new flat. 

Problems in the flat. Further 

adverbial suffixes: -n/-on/-en/ 

-ön (on), -ra/-re (onto) 

3. The weather and seasons. 

Time expressions: -tól –ig 

(from-to), -ig (until) 

4. Travelling by train. Buying a 

ticket. Asking for timetable 

information. Adverbial 

suffixes: -tól/ -tıl (from), -ból/ 

-bıl (out of), -ról/-rıl (off), - 

val/-vel (with)


5. Travelling abroad. At the 

airport. Customs. Summary of 

the adverbial suffixes. 

6. Revision. Test 1. 

7. At the doctor’s and dentist’s. 

Parts of the human body. 

Names and symptoms of 

common ailments. Asking 

questions. Giving advice. Past 

tense of the verb: indefinite 

singular forms. 

8. At the chemist’s: filling the 

prescription. Expressing 

frequency. Practising the past 

tense form of verbs. 

9. Leisure time activities. Modals 

and modal-like expressions: 

tud (can), szabad (may), lehet 

(can or may), tilos (forbidden), 

akar (want), szeret (like) 


11. At the hair-dresser’s and the 

beautician’s. Some more 

modals: kell (must, have to), 

kellene (should), szükségem 

van (I need) 

12. Telephoning: calling a taxi, 

asking for information. Asking 

questions. 

Party-time: entertaining 

guests. Offering food and 

drinks, asking polite questions. 

13. Holidays. What happened? 

Telling stories. General 

revision. 

14. General revision. Test 2. 

15. Oral tests 


PRACTICE 

(4 hrs/week) 

1. The timetable. Lectures, 

practicals and exams in the 2 nd 

year. Revision of numbers, 

suffixes and postpositions. 

2. Public transport in the city. 

Revision of present tense 

conjugation. 

3. ‘What happened in the 

summer?’ Revision of past 

tense conjugation. 

4. Wearing and buying clothes, 

colours, sizes, materials. 

Revision of definite and 

indefinite conjugation. 

5. Describing people’s 

appearance. Revision of 

questions and question words. 

Possessive suffixes for more 

possessions. 

6. Grammar exercises and 

reading comprehension tasks.

86 


7. Mid-term test 

8. Practising role-play and picture 

description. 


10. Talking about the students’ 

own country. Different 

customs and traditions. The 

comparative and superlative 

form of adjectives. 

11. Eating, drinking and cooking. 

A healthy diet. Revision of 

modals. Expressing 

preferences. Complaining in 

the restaurant. 

12. Dealing with services: bank, 

post office, Internet café. The 

use of –hat/het 

13. Dealing with services 2: travel 

agent’s, police station, library. 

‘Would like’-structures. 


vocabulary. 

15. Final tests (written and oral) 


PRACTICE 

(4 hrs/week) 

1. Sports and leisure activities. 

Expressing frequency and 

amounts. The use of ‘mine, 

yours’ etc. 

2. Plans for the future: medical 

specialties and other 

professions. The Future Tense. 

3. Various shops and services. 

The assimilated forms of 

‘this/that’. Relative clauses. 

4. Getting around in the city, 

directions. Orders and 

commands. 

5. Word order and complex 

sentences. 

6. Grammar exercises and 

reading comprehension tasks. 

7. Mid-term test 

8. The conjugated forms of 

personal pronouns. 

9. Hypothetical situations: Future 

and Present Conditional. 


11. Adverbs of manner. 

12. The –lak/lek ending. 

13. Words originating from the 

same root (kezd, kezdıdik etc) 


vocabulary. 

15. Practising role-play and picture 

description. Final test


LATIN 


PRACTICE 

(4 hrs/week) 

1. The role of the Latin language 

in medicine. Pronunciation. 

Groups of nouns - typical 

forms. 

2. 1st declension. Grammatical 

gender. Noun - adjective 

agreement. Cases - 

Possession. Praes. Imp. Act. 

Forms of the verb „to be”. 

3. 2nd declension. Examples 

from anatomy. Prepositions. 

4. The verb. 

5. Miscellaneous exercises on the 

covered subjects. 

6. Mid-term test. 

7. 3rd declension. Nouns. Typical 

endings, typical gender. 

8. 3rd declension nouns + 

adjectives ending in -us, -a - 

um. 


10. Adjectives ending in -is, -e, - 

ns. Adjective formation. 

11. Noun + adjective use 

(examples from anatomy). 

12. Cardinals, their use. Clinical 

and pathological diagnoses. 

13. Miscellaneous exercises on the 

covered subjects. 

14. Final test. 

15. Evaluation. 


PRACTICE 

(4 hrs/week) 

1. Revision. Picking topics for 

weekly student presentations. 

2. 4th declension. Greek prefixes. 

3. 5th declension. Greek suffixes. 

4. Comparison of adjectives. 

Examples from anatomy, 

pathology, physiology, clinical 

subjects. 

5. Verbs in medicine, in medical 

prescription. Imperative. 

Greek elements in medicine. 

6. Miscellaneous exercises. 

7. Mid-term test. 

8. Medical prescription. Formules. 

Abbreviations 


11. Greek elements in medicine. 

Latin - Greek equivalents. 

12. Diagnoses - clinical and 

pathological. Miscellaneous

88 


excercises. 

13. Analysis of disease names with 

Greek and Latin elements. 

Miscellaneous exercises. 

14. Revision. 

15. Final test. 

16. Evaluation. 

INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATICS 


LECTURE 

PRACTICE 

(2 hrs/week) (2 hrs/week) 

1. Basic concepts of medical 

informatics. Terminology used 

in informatics and computer 

techniques. The role of the 

human component. 

2. Computer architecture. 

Overview of computer 

architecture. Hardware and 

software. Problems with 

national languages - solutions. 

3. Operating systems. Overview 

of distributed and real-time 

operating systems, 

multitasking. 

4. Network communication. 

Network systems and the 

Internet. 

LAN, MAN and WAN 

classification. 

5. Personal computers. 

Components of a PC. Data 

management. Special devices 

and the PC. 

6. The Windows philosophy vs. 

command lines. Using multiple 

windows, multiple clipboards. 

Specific properties of our Local Area 

Network; Different types of servers 

(Microsoft & Novell) 

Local and Network drives; File and 

folder operations on physical and 

logical drives 

Computer networks: Novell Netware, 

Internet. Resource management, 

network communication. 

Creating medical documents; standalone 

and shareble versions 

Manual and automatic text editing and 

formatting 

Simple vs. complex medical documents 

(tables, charts, ClipArt, WordArt, 

hypertext) 

Elements of desktop publishing 

7. Measuring bioelectrical signals 

by computer. 

Data and image processing. 

8. 1st practical test 


10. Data types in the medicine. Number, 

date, time, money, dimensions, etc. 

11. Practices on formulae, useful 

spreadsheet functions 

12. Statistical evaluation and graphical 

presentation of 

medical/pharmacological data 

13. Slide presentation softwares. 

14. 2nd practical test 

15. Seeking medical/pharmacological 

pages on the Internet. Fine tuning of 

Internet browsers.


INTRODUCTION TO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 


LECTURE 

(1hr/week) 

1. Definition of quantitative and 

qualitative analysis. 

Application of analytical 

chemistry: environment 

protection, clinical diagnosis, 

pharmacology, bioanalysis. 

2. SI Units, prefixes and base 

units. Types of concentration 

of solutions. Methods of 

analytical error calculation. 

3. Inaccuracy of measurement. 

Sources of inaccurary. 

Systematic error. Minimizing 

systematic error. Reduction of 

accidental error. 

4. Characteristics of analytical 

methods: accurary, precision, 

average, median. Standard 

deviation. Distribution of the 

result. 

5. Accuracy of measurement. 

Selectivity. Factors that 

influence selectivity. Analytical 

interference. Example. 

Prediction and avoidance of 

analytical interference. 

6. Sensitivity of analytical 

methods. Definition. Sensitivity 

of different analytical 

methods. 

7. Choosing of the approproate 

analytical method. Measuring 

of low concentrations. Steps of 

quantitative analysis. 

Sampling. 

8. Gravimetry. Definition, steps, 

example. Advantages and 

drawbacks of gravimetric 

analysis. 


10. Volumetric analysis 

(titrimetry). Definition. 

Possible reactions, examples. 

Indication of the end-point of 

titration. Standardized 

solution. 

11. Types of titration. Acid-base 

titration. Measuring of pH 

during titration. Titration 

curve, equivalence point. 

12. Titration of weak acids by 

strong bases. Titration of 

polyprotic acids. Acid-base 

indicators. Indicator error.

90 


13. Complexometry. Formation of 

a complex. Stablity of 

complexes. Metal indicators. 

Titration curve. Example. 

14. Redox titration. Types of redox 

titration: permanganometry, 

chromatometry, cerimetry, 

bromatometry, iodometry. 

Application. 

15. Precipitate formation titrations. 

Argentometry. Application. 

BIOINORGANIC CHEMISTRY 


LECTURE 

(1 hr/week) 

1. Macro and micro elements. 

Alkali metals and their 

compounds. Complexes of 

alkali metals. Function of Na-K 

pump. Biological role of 

lithium, sodium and potassium 

ions. Important alkaline earth 

metals. Calcium signal. 

Calcium binding proteins. 

Calcium transport systems. 

2. Characterization of d-transition 

metals. Complex formation. 

Chelate complexes. Role of 

complexes in biological 

systems. 

3. Iron and its compounds. 

Biological role of iron: heme, 

carrying of oxygen. Electron 

transport and cytochromes. 

Catalase, peroxidase. 

Metabolism of iron. 

Metabolism problems. 

4. Copper and its compounds. 

Copper-metalloenzymes and 

their role: cytochrome 

oxidase, superoxide 

dismutase, amine oxidases. 

Hemocyanin. Problems in the 

metabolism of copper. 

5. Zinc and its compounds. Role 

of zinc metalloenzymes in 

hydrolytic reactions. Carbonic 

anhydrase, carbopeptidase, 

alcohol dehydrogenase, 

alkaline phosphatase. Zincfinger 

protein and their 

binding to DNA. Zinc-peptide 

complexes, zinc-insulin. 

Poisoning effect of cadmium 

and mercury.


6. Molybdenum and its 

complexes, molybdenum 

metalloenzymes (aldehyde 

oxydase, xanthine oxydase 

and dehydrogenase). 

Manganese and its 

compounds, role of 

manganese in photosynthesis. 

Vanadium, vanadates and 

bone formation. Toxic effect of 

chromium. Cobalt and its 

complexes: vitamin B-12. 

7. Hydrogen and its compounds. 

Isotopes of hydrogen. 

Application of radioactive 

isotopes: tracing, isotope 

dilution analysis. Medical 

therapy and diagnosis: 

application of technetium and 

iodine isotopes. Iradiation 

therapy. 

8. Boron and its compounds. 

Bactericid and fungicid effects 

of boron. Aluminum and its 

compounds, medical usage. 

Toxic effect of aluminum ions. 

Lead and its compounds, toxic 

effect, lead poisoning and its 

therapy. Tin and its 

compounds. 

9. Carbon. Carbon monoxide, 

carbon dioxide, carbonic acid, 

carbonates. Hydrogen cyanide, 

cyanides. Silicon and its 

compounds. Effect of silicates 

in the development od 

diseases, silicosis. Application 

of silicates in medicine. 


11. Haloges and their compounds. 

Biological role of fluoride ion, 

fluoroapatite. Biological role of 

chloride ions, chloride 

transport. Medical usage of 

iodine and its compounds. 

12. Nitrogen and its compounds. 

Nitrogen oxides: Medical 

usage of dinitrogen monoxide 

in medicine, biological role of 

nitrogen monoxide. Nitric and 

nitrous acids. Nitrates, nitrites, 

detection, toxic effect. 

13. Phosphorus and its poisoning 

effect. Phosphoric acids. The 

role of high-energy phosphate 

bonds in the energy 

production of cells.

92 


14. Oxygen and ozone. Oxides, 

peroxides. Reactive particles 

formed from oxygen. Oxygen 

activating enzymes, 

oxygenases and oxydases. 

Formation, toxic effect and 

elimination of oxygen radicals 

in biological systems. Oxygen 

poisoning 

15. Sulphur. Hydrogen sulphide 

and sulphides. Sulphur dioxide 

and trioxide, sulphurous and 

sulphuric acids, sulphites and 

sulphates. Selenium and its 

compounds. Selenium as an 

essential micro element. 

INTRODUCTION TO MEDICINE 


LECTURE/PRACTICE 

(1hr/week)/(1hr/week) 

1. Introduction to the course. 

Health and Illness 

2. What influences health? 

Disease causation from 

biopsychosocial point of view 

3. Introduction to medical ethics 

I. 


II. 


III. 

6. Community diagnosis. The 

leading causes of death in the 

modern world 

7. Epidemiology I. – Descriptive 

epidemiology 

8. Epidemiology II. – Analytic 

epidemiology 


10. The theory and practice of 

prevention in medicine 

11. Health promotion and health 

education 

12. Medical history I. 

13. Medical history II. 

14. Medical history III. 

15. WRITTEN TEST EXAM 

INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY 



(1hr/week)/(2hrs/week) 

1. Neurophysiological basis of the 

psychological processes. 

2. Basic elements and methods 

of psychology. 

3. Intelligence and creativity: role 

of nature and nurture. 

4. Human consciousness. 

Attention and arousal.


5. Sleep and dream. 

6. Basic elements of learning. 

Classical and operant 

conditioning. 

7. Memory. Encoding, storage 

and forgetting. 

8. Assessment of memory 

functions. Memory 

disturbances. 

9. Emotion theories. 

Development of emotions. 


11. Motivation and behavior. Basic 

motives. 

12. Behavioral approach to 

language and communication. 

13. Theories of language 

development. 

14. Applied cognitive psychology. 

BIOCHEMISTRY 


LECTURE 

PRACTICE 


1. Proteins and bioenergetics: 

structure and function of 

proteins, thermodynamics of 

living systems 

2. Enzymology: enzyme classes, 

coenzymes, characterisation of 

enzymes, isoenzymes, 

multienzyme systems 

3. Enzymology: molecular 

mechanism of catalysis, 

enzyme kinetics, modulation 

and regulation of enzyme 

activity 

4. Carbohydrate metabolism: 

Digestion and absorption of 

carbohydrates, glycolysis, 

gluconeogenesis, pyruvate 

dehydrogenase enzyme 

complex 


glycogen metabolism, pentose 

phosphate cycle and 

glucuronide shunt 


Fructose and galactose 

metabolism, glycoproteins, 

regulation of blood glucose 

level, diabetes mellitus 

7. Lipid metabolism: Digestion 

and absorption of lipids, 

lipoprotein metabolism, lipid 

mobilisation, oxidation of fatty 

acids, ketone bodies 

8. Lipid metabolism: Synthesis of 

fatty acids, synthesis of triacyl 

glycerols and sphingolipids, 

cholesterol and steroid 

metabolism 

General information, work safety and 

laboratory work 

Substrate specificity and temperature 

optimum of amylase enzyme activity 

Determination of protein concentration 

Seminar: proteins and enzymes* 

Assay of activity of alkalnine 

phosphatase 

Seminar: carbohydrate metabolism* 

Determination of glucose-6- 

phosphatase enzyme activity 

Seminar: lipid metabolism*

94 



10. Amino acid metabolism: 

Digestion and absorption of 

proteins, catabolism of amino 

acids, fate of amino group, 

urea cycle 

11. Amino acid metabolism: 

catabolism of amino acids, 

fate of carbon skeleton of 

amino acids, one-carbon units, 

glutathione 

12. Synthesis of hem and 

porphyrine, enterohepatic 

circulation of hem degradation 

products 

13. Nucleotide metabolism: 

synthesis and degradation of 

purine and pirimidine 

nucleotides, salvage pathways, 

synthesis of 

deoxyribonucleotides 

14. Citric acid cycle: steps and 

regulation of the cycle, 

relationship between the cycle 

and other metabolic pathways 

15. Mitochondrial transport 

systems, mechanism of 

respiratory chain and oxidative 

phosphorylation 


MTO 

Determination of uric acid 

concentration 

Seminar: amino acid metabolism* 

Investigation of oxygen consumption 

of isolated mitochondria 

Seminar: nucleotide metabolism, citric 

acid cycle, respiratory chain, oxidative 

phosphorylation* 

Consultation 

LECTURE 

PRACTICE 


1. Biochemistry of blood: plasma 

proteins, structure and 

function of hemoglobin, 

biochemistry of red blood cells 

2. Biochemistry of blood: 

biochemistry of leukocytes, 

chemotaxis, biochemical basis 

of blood clotting and 

fibrinolysis 

3. Biochemistry of 

biomembranes:structure and 

function of the membrane, 

transport across the biological 

membranes 

4. Bichemistry of connective 

tissue: structure, synthesis 

and degradation of collagen, 

elastin, fibrillin, proteoglycans, 

adhesion receptors and 

cytoskeleton 

5. Biochemistry of muscle: 

structure and main types of 

muscle, energy generation, 

mechanism of muscle 

contraction 

6. Biochemistry of liver: function 

of hepatocytes and central 

role of the liver in the 

metabolism 

General information, work safety and 

laboratory work 

Biochemistry of blood I.: determination 

of bilirubin concentration 

Seminar: Biochemistry of blood and 

biomembranes* 

Biochemistry of blood II.: serum 

protein electrophoresis, determination 

of haptoglobin concentration 

Biochemistry of blood III.: 

determination of ion concentration by 

colorymetry and "Deep Picture" blood 

gas analysis 

Biochemistry of muscle: diagnosis of 

heart attack and determination 

cardiovascular risk factors (cholesterol, 

triacyl glycerols, lipoproteins)


7. Biochemistry of liver: 

biotransformation, role of 

cytochrome P450 system, 

ethanol oxidation 

8. Biochemistry of nervous 

system: Neurotransmittersamino 

acid, biogen amin, 

peptide, acetylcholine, 

synthesis and breakdown of 

catecholamines 

9. Endocrine system: Mechanism 

of neuroendocrine regulation, 

hormones of hypothalamushypophysis 

system, thyroid 

hormones 


11. Endocrine system: hormonal 

regulation of blood glucose 

level, calcium metabolism and 

its hormonal regulation 

12. Endocrine system: steroid 

hormones, tissue hormones 

and cytokines, growt factors. 

Regulation of gene expression: 

Structure ofchromosome and 

DNA, mutations, repair 

mechanism 

13. Regulation of gene expression: 

Structure eukariotic gene, 

transcription, transcription 

factors, biosynthesis of 

proteins, cell cycle, apoptosis. 

Cell signalling mechanisms, 

cyclic nucleotides, G proteins 

14. Cell signalling mechanisms, 

PIP2 system, Ca2+ as second 

messengers, regulation of 

metabolism at the tissue level 

15. Regulation of metabolism at 

the organism level, Limits of 

the biochemical regulation, 

adaptation; supraindividual 

regulation; biochemical 

interpretation of health and 

disease 

* The topics are clinical 

MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY 


LECTURE 

(6hrs/week) 

1. Introduction. Regulation 

dynamics. 

2. Membrane: transport 

mechanisms, electrical activity. 

Biochemistry of liver: determination of 

ALAT and ASAT enzyme activity 

Seminar: biochemistry of liver, muscle, 

nutrition, connective tissue and 

cytoskeleton* 

MTO 

Biochemistry of nervous 

tissue:determination of cholinesterase 

enzyme activity 

Molecular biology: determination of 

mRNA isoform levels by RT-PCR 

Hormonal regulation: determination of 

blood glucose level and HbA1c 

Seminar: nervous tissue and endocrine 

system* 

Consultation 

PRACTICE 

(2 hrs/week) 

Recording techniques. Recording 

devices: Methods of stimulation: 

thermal, chemical, electrical, types of 

electrodes. Studies on nerve-muscle 

preparation (frog): video, anaesthesia, 

righting (turning) reflex, decapitation, 

lesioning of the spinal cord, studies on 

nerve-muscle preparation, direct and 

indirect stimulations, stimulus 

summation, complete and incomplete

96 


tetanus, rheobasis, chronaxia, 

recording of fatigue in the muscle. 

3. Transmission of excitation. Principles of blood tests: the 

microscope in hematological tests, 

sterilization and disinfection, methods 

of taking boold (vein, fingertip), using 

and cleaning of the diluting pipettes, 

Bürker's chamber, Westergren's tube, 

centrifuges. Blood smear. Principles of 

bleeding time, blood clotting time, 

Staining index, Price-Jones's curve, 

partial thromboplastin time and 

thrombin time. 

4. Muscle physiology. Blood tests: hematocrit (micro-, 

macro-), determination of hemoglobin 

concentration (Drabkin), erythrocyte 

sedimentation rate by Westergren, 

differential count (leukocytes), osmotic 

resistance of red blood cells, 

prothrombin time, blood groups (AB0, 

Rh), red blood cell count, white blood 

cell count, thrombocyte count 

(Fischer-Germer), reticulocyte count. 

5. Fluid compartments. 

Physiology of the blood. 

Blood tests: hematocrit (micro-, 

macro-), determination of hemoglobin 

concentration (Drabkin), erythrocyte 

sedimentation rate by Westergren, 

differential count (leukocytes), osmotic 

resistance of red blood cells, 

prothrombin time, blood groups (AB0, 

Rh), red blood cell count, white blood 

cell count, thrombocyte count 

(Fischer-Germer), reticulocyte count. 

6. Heart physiology. Studies of the circulatory system I. : 

video, in situ registration of the activity 

of the heart in the frog, effects of 

electrical and thermal stimulations of 

the heart, Stannius' ligatures, 

summation, all or none law, Goltz 

reflex. 

7. Circulation physiology.Renal 

physiology. 

Studies of the circulatory system II. 

Effects of ions (adrenaline, 

acetylcholine, atropine) on the heart, 

in the isolated rat heart preparation 

(Langendorf perfusion). 

8. AUTUMN BREAK The human circulatory and respiratory 

system: ECG, peripheral pulse, 

characteristics of the radial pulse, 

palpation over the chest, auscultation 

over the heart and lungs, the effects 

of physical exercise on circulation, 

spirometry, determination of 

inspiratory and expiratiory pressures, 

effects of breathing on the circulation, 

cold pressor test, blood pressure 

measurement. 

9. Osmoregulation, volumen 

regulation. 

10. Respiration physiology. 

11. pH regulation. 

12. Gastrointestinal physiology. 

13. Nutrition physiology. 

Vitamins.Metabolism.


14. Thermoregulation. 

15. Sport/work physiology. 


LECTURE 

PRACTICE 

(4hrs/week) 

(2 hrs/week) 

1. CNS, introduction, transmitters General information. Video (GI tract, 

liver). Collection of gastric juice, test 

meal (principle) 

2. Autonomic nervous system GI tract: The pH of the saliva. 

Detection of proteins in saliva. 

Demonstration of amylase and maltase 

activities in the saliva. Detection of 

lactic acid in gastric juice. 

Demonstration of the protein digesting 

activity of pepsin. Measurement of 

acidity of gastric juice. Analysis of 

feces: color, smell, pH etc. Microscopic 

examination of the feces. Detection of 

blood in feces. Studies on gastric acid 

and bile secretion in rats. 

Demonstration of the movements of 

the small intestine according to 

Magnus' method. 

3. Motor system, spinal cord Urine analysis I.: Color, smell, 

transparency and pH. Microscopic 

investigation of the urinary sediment. 

Specific gravity. Detection of UBG 

(Ehrlich's method). Detection of 

calcium (Sulkowitsch' test). Detection 

of sugar (Nylander's and Fehling's 

tests). Detection of protein (Heller's 

test, boiling test, sulphosalicylic acid 

test). Detection of blood (benzidine 

test). Detection of acetone. Detection 

of bile pigment. Detection of pus 

(principle). Rapid strip tests. Video 

(kidney). 

4. Physiology of the cerebral 

cortex, EEG 

Urine analysis II.: Demonstration of 

the effect of ADH on urine output. 

Dilution and concentration test in 

human (principle). Counting 

corpuscular elements in urine (Addis' 

method). Determination of clearance 

(principle). Analysis of an unknown 

5. Receptors. Somatosensory 

system 

urine sample. 

Human reflexes. Patella-, Achillestendon, 

biceps-, triceps-, radial-reflex. 

Skin reflexes. Reaction time. Tremor. 

Demonstration of blood-brain barrier in 

the rat. EEG. Chronically implanted 

EEG-electrodes in rats. Computer 

program (EEG). Video (Development 

of the motor system of a baby, EEG).

98 


6. Vision. Hearing Video, motor functions of intact frog. 

Posture and locomotion. Righting-, 

compass- and cornea-reflex. Motor 

functions of the spinal frog. Spinal 

shock and muscular tension. Wipingreflex. 

Hugging-reflex. Reciprocal 

innervation. Protective (flexor-) reflex. 

Reflex-irradiation. Stimulus 

summation. Analysis of the reflex-arc. 

Determination of reflex-time. Reflex 

hyperresponsiveness after strychnine. 

7. Taste, smell Sensory organs I.: Visual acuity. 

Correction of faults of refraction 

(principle). Accomodation. Mariotte's 

blind-spot test. The light-response of 

the pupil. Testing of color blindness. 

Perimetry. Ophthalmoscopy. Dark 

adaptation. Purkinje-Sanson's images. 

Fusion frequency. Nystagmus. 

Detection of astigmatism (Placido's 

keratoscope, Javal-schiötz'- 

ophthalmometer). Visual evoked 

potentials (computer program). 

8. Endocrinology, hypophysis Sensory organs II.: Laryngoscopy, 

otoscopy. Acoustic acuity (drop-test, 

audiometry). Tests with tuning fork 

(examinations according to Rinne, 

Schwabach and Weber). Bárány's 

pointing test. Olphactometry. Tests of 

somatosensations (pressure, pain, 

tactile sense etc.). Video (Vision, inner 

ear). 

9. AUTUMN BREAK Pregnancy tests. 

10. Adrenal cortex. Thyroid gland Thorn's test (principle). 

11. Pancreas The effect of insulin on blood glucose 

level. 

12. Parath. gland Ca2+, adrenal Video (Sleep, behavior). 

medulla 

13. Reproduction, male sexual. 

Reproduction, female sexual 

14. Emotions, limbic system 

15. Speech, hemispherial 

lateralization. Learning 

MEDICAL SOCIOLOGY 


PRACTICE 

(2 hrs/week) 

1. */ Relationship between 

health and medicine, social 

role of medicine. 

Development, division, 

research fields of medical 

sociology. Role of medical 

sociology in medical training. 

2. Health as the product of 

society, social and economic 

environment and health. Social 

causes of illness, social 

patterns of illness (social 

aetiology of disease).


3. Social inequalities and health. 

Poverty and health. 

Measurement of social 

inequality in health. Explaining 

inequalities in health: health 

inequality as an artefact, 

health inequality as a selection 

process, health inequality as 

material deprivation, health 

inequality as cultural 

deprivation; dimensions of 

socioeconomic inequality. 

4. */Becoming ill as a social 

process: culture and health, 

culture and health disorders, 

culture and behaviour. 

Personal behaviour: healthbehaviour, 

risk-taking 

behaviour; health lifestyles, 

preventive care, the individual 

response to health. Medical 

education. Social patterning of 

individual health behaviours. 

5. */ Health and the family, 

changing functions of the 

family: their inter-relationships 

with health and illness. Social 

support, social cohesion and 

health. Prevention of family 

dysfunction. Role of the doctor 

in the maintenance and 

support of health in the family. 

6. */ Deviance, labelling and 

stigma. Illness as deviance, 

primary, secondary deviance. 

Theories of deviance: 

biological, physical, 

psychological, sociological 

theories. 

7. */ Types of deviance: drug 

abuse, high risk groups; 

alcoholism: patterns of 

consumption; suicide: social 

integration and suicide, 

Durkheim's typology of 

suicide; crime: causal and risk 

factors. 

8. */ Illness behaviour, illness 

behaviour and the medical 

model. Importance of illness 

behaviour for the doctor. 

9. AUTUMN BREAK

100 


10. */ Doctor-patient interaction, 

modells of the doctor-patient 

relationship. The sick role, 

Parsons' concept of the sick 

role. Communication in 

medical practice: cultural 

differences in communication, 

patient compliance, the future 

of doctor-patient relations. 

Physicians: professionalization 

of the physician, socialization 

of the physician, physician in a 

changing society. 

11. */ Types of health care: selfcare, 

family care, the role of 

carers, community care, selfhelp 

groups, professional care. 

Hospitals, the development of 

the hospital as a social 

institution, the organization of 

the general hospital, the 

hospital-patient role, hospitals 

and patients: effects of 

hospitalization, the rising cost 

of hospitalization. Utilization of 

services. 

12. Strategy and research 

methods of medical sociology. 

13. Medical sociological projectplanning. 

Model surveys. 

14. Practice of medical sociological 

research methods. 

15. Consultation. 

* clinical topics 

MEDICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 


PRACTICE 

(1 hr/week) 

* The concept and development 

of cultural, philosophical an 

medical anthropology. 

* The biology of human 

behavior: basic principles of 

human ethology and 

sociobiology. The culture of 

human behaviour: ethnology 

and cross-cultural studies. 

* Medical anthropology of 

anatomy and physiology 

* Medical anthropology of 

gender and reproduction 

* Anthropological aspects of 

stress and pain. Cross-cultural 

differences in pharmacology 

* Anthropology of handicap. 

Homosexuality and other 

stigmatizing differences 

* Medical anthoropolgy of death 

and dying. Basic principles of 

thanatology.


* Anthropological aspects of 

health care and doctor-patient 

relationship. 

ANIMAL EXPERIMENTS IN MEDICINE 


LECTURE 

(1 hr/week=7x2 hrs) 

1. Significance of animal 

experiments in medicine: 

Outlining scientific method: 

defining problems and finding 

solutions. EU directives for the 

protection of experimental 

animals. The Hungarian act of 

animal protection. Animal 

protection at the University of 

Szeged 

2. Keeping and transport of 

experimental animals. 

Anesthesia, termination of life 

of animals. General principles 

of surgical interventions. 

Prevention of work accidents 

3. Planning and evaluation of 

experiments, processing and 

analysis of experimental data 

4. Experimental methods and 

models in circulation and 

respiration research 

5. Inbred rodents and their use 

in transplantation and tumor 

immunology research 

6. Inbred rodents and their use 

in transplantation and tumor 

immunology research 

7. Tissue culture and methods in 

cellular biochemistry

102 


SYLLABUSES 

PRE-CLINICAL MODULE - MEDICINE 

CLINICAL DIAGNOSTICS I. – INTERNAL MEDICINE 


LECTURE 

PRACTICE 


1. Case history, documentation General introduction and guide to the 

practicals in internal medicine 

2. Inspection, palpation Documentation, taking history 

3. Percussion, auscultation Elements of physical examination: 

practical aspects of inspection, 

palpation 

4. Fever, pulse, blood pressure Elements of physical examination: 

practical aspects of percussio and 

auscultation 

5. Heart sounds Elements of physical examination: 

feeling pulse, checking blood pressure, 

taking temperature 

6. Electrocardiography Listening to the heart and chest 

7. Electrocardiography Basic aspects of electrocardiography. 

Developing skills in PE 

8. Echocardiography Practical electrocardiography. 



10. Modern cardiological 

investigative methods 

Practical electrocardiography. 


11. Abdominal sonography Practical echocardiography. 


12. Modern gastroenterological 

investigative methods 

Practical echocardiography. 


13. Physical examination in Abdominal sonography 

ophthalmology 

14. Physical examination in 

neurology 

Physical examination in neurology. 


15. Consultation Consultation 

INTERNAL MEDICINE I. 


LECTURE 

PRACTICE 


1. Introduction, investigative 

methods in renal diseases 

Clinico-pathological 

considerations of renal 

diseases 

at glance) 

2. Acute glomerulonephritis (GN) 

Minimal change GN, focal 

segmental sclerosis 

3. Membranous, 

mesangiocapillary and 

mesangial proliferative GN 

Acute renal failure 

4. Renal involvement in systemic 

diseases Renal hypertension 

(parenchymal, vascular) 

5. Polycystic kidney diseases, 

tubular disorders Chronic 

renal failure 

General introduction to renal diseases. 

Students learn the specific symptoms 

of renal diseases demonstrated in 

patients with renal diseases (diagnosis 

Acute renal diseases. Observation of 

the specific symptoms of patients with 

acute renal diseases. 

Acute renal diseases. Observation of 


acute renal diseases. 

Chronic renal diseases. Observation of 


chronic renal diseases. 

Dialysis therapy. (Hemodialysis and 

peritoneal dialysis)


6. Introduction to endocrinology. 

Thyroid developmental errors, 

inflammations, goiter, tumors 

7. Thryreotoxicosis, 

hypothyroidism 

8. carcinoid, Adrenal cortex, 

Hypadrenemia, Cushing, Conn. 

9. Adrenal cortex: Adrenogenital 

syndrome 


11. Multiple endocrine neoplasias, 

paraneoplastic 

endocrinopathies, 

polyglandular autoimmune 

syndrome 

12. Endocrine regulation, anterior 

pituitary 

General aspects of the patient with 

endocrine diseases. 

Thyroid diseases in daily clinical 

practice 

Practical aspects of dealing with 

patients with Adrenal diseases. 

Adrenogenital syndrome 

Endocrine regulation, polyglandurlar 

autoimmune syndrome 

Paraneoplastic endocrinopathies 

13. Sexual endocrinology Sexual endocrinology 

14. Parathyroid gland, 

Parathyroid gland, osteoporosis 

osteoporosis 

15. Neurohypophysis Consultation 

CLINICAL DIAGNOSTICS II. - SURGERY 


LECTURE 

PRACTICE 

(2 hrs/week) 2 hrs/week/group) 

1. The origins and development 

of surgery 

2. The significance and role of 

asepsis and antisepsis in the 

practice of surgery 

The syllabus of the practicals are 

synchronized with the lectures. 

3. The shock. Basic mechanism 

and clinical profile 

4. The circulatory shock The patients examinations and the 

discussion of the symptoms and 

illnesses follow the topics of the 

lectures. 

5. The basis of fluid and 

electrolyte therapy in surgical 

patients 

6. Observation and 

documentation of surgical 

patients 

7. Blood transfusion 

8. Bleeding and hemostasis 


10. Surgical infections. The 

modern chemical and 

antibiotic treatment 

11. Surgical oncology 

12. Types of wounds and the basic 

principles of wound healing 

13. The possibilities and practice 

of organ transplantation 

14. Perioperative complications 

15. Parenteral feeding 

The practicals take place in the 

Department of Surgery.

104 






1. Inflammation Normal ECG. Review of physiologic 

background. 

ECG leads.Registration of 

ECG. 

2. Congenital heart diseases Inflammation ECG leads.Registration of 

ECG 

3. Pathophysiology of valvular Congenital heart diseases 

Analysis of ECG. 

heart diseases. Adaptation of 

the heart, heart failure. 

4. Changes in plasma 

lipoproteins. Atherosclerosis 

Pathophysiology of valvular heart 

diseases. Adaptation of the heart, 

ECG: Atrial and ventricular 

hypertrophy. 

5. Angina pectoris, myocardial 

infarction, sudden ischemic 

death 

heart failure. 

Changes in plasma lipoproteins. 

Atherosclerosis 

ECG: atrial and ventricular 

preexcitation (ES) 

6. Hypertension, hypotension Angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, 

sudden ischemic death 

ECG: angina, myocardial 

infarction 

7. Syncope, shock Hypertension, hypotension ECG: atrial fibrillation, 

ventricular fibrillation and 

flattern 

8. Pathophysiology of salt-water 

balance I. 



balance II. 

Syncope, shock 

Pathophysiology of salt-water balance 

I. 

11. Pathophysiology of kidney Pathophysiology of salt-water balance 

diseases I. 

II. 

12. Pathophysiology of kidney Pathophysiology of kidney diseases I. 

diseases II. 

13. Obstructive pulmonary Pathophysiology of kidney diseases II. 

diseases. Hypoxias 

14. Restrictive pulmonary diseases Obstructive pulmonary diseases. 

Hypoxias 

15. Disturbances of acid-base Restrictive pulmonary diseases. 

metabolism. Metabolic acidosis Respiratory acidosis, alkalosis 

and alkalosis. 


ECG: atrioventricular blocks 

(A-V) 

ECG: Left and right bundle 

branch (Tawara) block 

ECG: Electrolyte 

abnormalities and ECG 

Investigation of urine 

smaples and renal function 

Investigation of urine 

sampels and renal function 

ECG: WPW Determination of 

Spirometric parameters. 

ECG: repetition, summary 

and review 



1. Immunology Thermoregulation 

2. Pathophysiology of white Immunology 

blood cell disorders 

3. Anemias and other red blood 

cell diseases 

4. Thrombocyte dysfunction. 

Patophysiology of hemostasis 

Pathophysiology of white blood cell 

disorders 

Anemias and other red blood cell 

diseases 

5. Gastroenterology (upper GI 

tract) 

Thrombocyte dysfunction. 


6. Gastroenterológia (colon and Gastroenterology (upper GI tract) 

pancreas) 

7. Pathophysiology of liver 

diseases 

Gastroenterológia (colon and 

pancreas) 

8. Endocrinology I. Pathophysiology of liver diseases 

Determination of wbc, rbc, 

platelet, eo, reticulocyte 

count Staining of blood 

smear and analysis. 

Determination of wbc, rbc, 

platelet, eo, reticulocyte 

count Staining of blood 

smear and analysis.


9. Endocrinology II. Endocrinology I. 


11. Starvation and obesity. Endocrinology II. 

12. Disturbances of carbohydrate Starvation and obesity 

metabolism, diabetes mellitus 

13. Musculo-skeletal diseases Disturbances of carbohydrate 


14. Pathophysiology of the CNS. Musculo-skeletal diseases ECG: review 

15. Summary of Pathophysiology Pathophysiology of the CNS. ECG: review 

MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY 


LECTURE 

PRACTICE 

( 3 hrs/week) ( 2 hrs/week) 

1. Introduction to microbiology. Introduction to microbiology. 

Characterization and 

Laboratory safety. Aseptic techniques. 

classification of bacteria. 

Structure of bacteria. Growth Wet-mount preparation 

and nutrition of bacteria. 

2. Principle and practice of 

sterilization and disinfection. 

Preparation of bacterial smear. 

Simple staining. 

Antimicrobial chemotherapy I. Methods of sterilization. 

3. Antimicrobial chemotherapy II. Differential staining: 

Microbial genetics. 

Gram's and Ziel-Neelsen's staining 

4. Pathogenesis of bacterial Culture media. 

infection I. Microbial 

antigenes. 

Pathogenesis of bacterial Preparation of blood agar. 

infection. II. 

5. Introduction to immunology. 

Basic principles. 

Handling bacterial cultures (inoculation 

and plating). 

Constituents of the immune 

system. Primary and 

Colony morphology. Anaerobic 

cultivation. 

secondary immune organs. 

6. Ontogeny of T-cells. Antigen 

recognition by T-cells. 

Ontogeny of B cells. Antigen 

recognition by and activation 

Biochemical diagnostic tests. 

of B cells. 

7. Humoral immune response. 

Active and passive immunity. 

Vaccines. 

8. Major histocompatibility 

complex (MHC) 

Antigen processing. MHC I, 

MHC II. 


10. Phagocytic cells, phagocytosis. 

Innate immunity. 

The structure and the 

activation of the complement 

system. 

Methods for counting bacteria. 

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing. 

MTO 

Serological reactions I. 

Agglutination. 

11. Cytokines I. Serological reactions II. 

Cytokines II. Adhesion (Precipitation, CFT). 

molecules. 

12. Hypersensitivity reactions. Serological reactions III. 

Tolerance, autoimmunity. 

ELISA, RIA, IF. 

Tests for cellular immune response. 

13. Transplantation and immunity. 

Tumorimmunity. 

Staphylococcus.

106 


Laboratory methods in 

immunology. 

14. Streptococcus. Streptococcus, AST. 

Neisseria. 

15. Shigella. Staphylococcus. Neisseria, Shigella. 


LECTURE 

PRACTICE 


1. Escherichia. Salmonella. E. coli. Klebsiella. 

2. Proteus. Yersinia. 

Salmonella. Yersinia. 

Pseudomonas. 

Vibrio cholerae. 

Campylobacter. Helicobacter. 

3. Corinebacterium.Bacillus. 

Haemophilus. Klebsiella. 

Proteus. Morganella. 

Providencia.Pseudomonas. 

4. Bordetella. Brucella. Listeria. 

Francisella. 

Anaerobic bacteria. 

5. Mycobacterium. 

Legionella.Treponema. 

Leptospira. 

6. Borrelia. Rickettsia. 

Chlamydia.Mycoplasma. 

URICHROM. 

Haemophilus. Bordetella. 

Campylobacter. Helicobacter. 

Corynebacterium. Listeria. 

Mycobacterium. 

Bacteroides. Bacillus. Clostridium. 

Mycoplasma. Leptospira. 

7. Clinical bacteriology. Clinical bacteriology. 

8. General properties of viruses. 

Classification of viruses. 

Multiplication of viruses. 

Antiviral chemotherapy. 

Herpesviruses. Papovaviruses 

MTO 

9. Adenoviruses. 

Parvoviruses.Orthomyxoviruse 

s. Paramyxoviruses. 


11. Picornaviruses. Reoviruses. 

Astroviruses. 

Coronaviruses.Togaviruses. 

Caliciviruses. 

12. Poxviruses. Flaviviruses. 

Rhabdoviruses.Bunyaviruses. 

Filoviruses. Arenaviruses. 

13. Hepatitis viruses. 

Slow viruses. Retroviruses. 

14. Aetiology of AIDS. 

Important human pathogenic 

fungi. 

15. Important human pathogenic 

protozoa. 

Important human pathogenic 

helminths. 

Bacteriophages. Molecular diagnosis of 

infectious diseases. 

Cultivation of viruses. Detection of 

virus multiplication. 

Quantification of viruses. 

Virus neutralization test. 

Virus serology, haemagglutinationinhibition, 

ELISA, immunfluorescence. 

Mycology. 

Protozoa, helminths.


PATHOLOGY 



(3 hrs/week) (1 hour/week) (2 hrs/week) 

1. 1., Pathology of cellular injury 

and death (necrosis, 

apoptosis, degenerations). 

Cellular adaptations of growth 

and differentiation 

(hyperplasia,hypertrophy, 

atrophy, metaplasia). 

Calcification. Prof. T. Mikó 

2., Oedema, hyperaemia, 

congestion. Haemorrhage. 

Prof. T. Mikó 

Cellular injury and death Cellular 

adaptations of growth and 

differentiation. Oedema, hyperaemia, 

congestion. Haemorrhage. 

2. 1., Disseminated intravascular 

coagulation. Thrombosis. 

Embolism. Shock. Prof. T. 

Mikó 

2., Consequences of vascular 

occlusion. Infarction. Prof. T. 

Mikó 

3. 1., Pathology of inflammation 

I. Prof. B. Iványi 

2., Pathology of inflammation 

II. Prof. B. Iványi 

4. 1., Pathology of inflammation 

III. Prof. B. Iványi 

2., Tissue repair. Wound 

healing. Prof. B. Iványi 

5. 1., Immunopathology I. Prof. 

B. Iványi 

6. 1., Immunopathology II. Prof. 

B. Iványi 

2., Immunopathology III. 

Pathology of transplant 

rejection.Prof. B. Iványi 

7. 1., Neoplasia. Prof. B. Iványi 

2., Neoplasia II. Prof. B. Iványi 

8. 1., Carcinogenesis. 

Amyloidosis. Cystic fibrosis. 

Pathology of bed rest. 

Pathology of alcohol abuse. 

Pathology of smoking. Prof. B. 

Iványi 

2., Diabetes. Pathology of 

obesity.Prof. B. Iványi 


10. 1., Diseases of the blood 

vessels I. Prof. B. Iványi 

2., Diseases of the blood 

vessels II. Prof. B. Iványi 

11. 1., Diseases of the heart I. 

Prof. B. Iványi 

2.,Diseases of the heart II. 

Prof. B. Iványi 

12. 1., Essential hypertension. 

Nephropathology I. Prof. B. 

Iványi 

2., Nephropathology II. Prof. 

B. Iványi 

Thrombosis. Embolism. Shock. 

Consequences of vascular occlusion. 

Infarction. 

Pathology of inflammation 

Pathology of inflammation 

Immunopathology 

Immunopathology 

Neoplasia. 

Carcinogenesis. Pathology of alcohol 

abuse. Pathology of smoking. 

Diabetes. Pathology of obesity. 

Diseases of the blood vessels 

Diseases of the heart 

Diseases of the heart 

Histolopathology of cellular 

injury and death/Autopsy 

Autopsy/Histolopathology of 

cellular injury and death/ 

Histopathology of 

degeneration/Autopsy 

Autopsy/Histopathology of 

degeneration 

Histopathology of 

degeneration/Autopsy 


degeneration 

Histopathology of circulation 

disorders/Autopsy 


circulation disorders 

Autopsy/Oncohistopathology 

Oncohistopathology/Autopsy 

Autopsy/Repetition

108 

13. 1., Nephropathology III. Prof. 

B. Iványi 

2.,Diseases of the lung I. Prof. 

B. Iványi 

14. 1., Diseases of the lung II. É. 

Kemény 

2., Diseases of the lung II. 


15. 1., Oral pathology Prof. T. 

Mikó 2., Gastrointestinal 

pathology Prof. T. Mikó 


Nephropathology 

Diseases of the lung 

Gastrointestinal pathology 


Repetition/Autopsy 

Autopsy/Repetition 




1. Gastrointestinal pathology. 


Gastrointestinal pathology. 

Histopathology of the 

cardiovascular 

system/Autopsy 

2. Pathology of the liver. Prof. T. Pathology of the liver. 


Mikó 

3. Pathology of the biliary tract 

and pancreas. Prof. T. Mikó 

4. Pathology of soft tissue 

tumours. Pathology of the 

bones, joints and muscles. É. 

Kemény 

5. Endocrine pathology I. Prof. T. 

Mikó 

6. Endocrine pathology II. Prof. 

T. Mikó 

7. Pathology of female genital 

system I. Prof. T. Mikó 

8. Pathology of female genital 

system II. Breast pathology. 


9. Neuropathology I. Prof. T. 

Mikó 


11. Neuropathology II. Prof. T. 

Mikó 

12. Immune pathology. Prof B. 

Iványi 

13. Pathology of male genital 

system. Prof B. Iványi 

14. Haematopathology I. Prof. B. 

Iványi 

15. Haematopathology II. Prof. B. 

Iványi 

Pathology of the biliary tract and 

pancreas. 

Pathology of soft tissue tumours. 

Pathology of the bones, joints and 

muscles. 

Endocrine pathology 

Endocrine pathology 

Pathology of female genital system 

Pathology of female genital system. 

Breast pathology. 

Neuropathology 

Neuropathology 

Immune pathology. 

Pathology of male genital system. 

Haematopathology 

Haematopathology 

respiratory tract/Autopsy 


gastrointestinal 

system/Autopsy 

Histopathology of the liver 

and pancreas/Autopsy 

Haematohistopathology/Aut 

opsy 


urogenital tract/Autopsy 

Histopathology of the female 

genital tract/Autopsy 


breast/Autopsy 

Endocrine 

histopathology/Autopsy 

Histopathology of the bones, 

joints and muscles/Autopsy 


nervous system/Autopsy 



Repetition/Autopsy


SURGICAL TECHNIQUES - 3RD YEAR 


LECTURE 

PRACTICE 

(2 hrs/every 2nd week) (2 hrs/gr./every 2nd week) 

1. 

2. Introduction, general 

information. Asepsis and 

antisepsis: Historical 

background. Surgical 

Operating room and its equipments; 

practical rules of asepsis. Scrubbing, 

gowning and gloving. Behaviour and 

movement in the operating room 

infections, transmission 

routes. Types, risk factors and 

prevention of wound 

infections. Sterilization, 

disinfection. Asepsis: 

preoperative preparation of 

the patie 

3. Operating room and its equipments; 

practical rules of asepsis. Scrubbing, 

gowning and gloving. Behaviour and 

4. Basic surgical instruments, 

suture materials, textiles, 

dressing materials. New 

surgical tools and methods. 

Wound closure. Drainage. 

Operative risks. Preoperative 

examination and preparation 

of the patient. Complications 

of surgery: prevention and 

treatme 

movement in the operating room 

The use of basic surgical instruments, 

suture materials, dressing materials, 

textiles. Practising scrub preparation 

and draping of the surgical site. Tying 

surgical knots 

5. The use of basic surgical instruments, 

suture materials, dressing materials, 

textiles. Practising scrub preparation 

and draping of the surgical site. Tying 

surgical knots 

6. Operations. Basic types of 

operations. Risks of surgery. 

Preoperative examination and 

preparation of the patient. 

Complications of surgery: 

prevention and treatment. 

Basics of local anesthesia. 

Injections, securing peripheral veins. 

Intravenous infusion, infusion pumps. 

Sutures, tying surgical knots. Tying 

knots under tension and in cavities 

7. Injections, securing peripheral veins. 

Intravenous infusion, infusion pumps. 

Sutures, tying surgical knots. Tying 

knots under tension and in cavities 

8. The perioperative period. 

Evaluation of fluid status, fluid 

requirements. Disorders and 

correction of perioperative 

fluid and acid-base balance. 

Fluid therapy. Injections. 

Securing veins. Infusions, 

infusion pumps. Bleedings and 

control of bleedings. Repl 

Skin incision, control of bleedings, 

closure of wounds: suturing, applying 

wound clips 


10. Skin incision, control of bleedings, 

closure of wounds: suturing, applying 

wound clips

110 


11. Types of wounds, wound 

healing. Skin incisions. Wound 

closure. Complications of 

wounds and wound healing, 

wound infections. Treatment 

of wounds. Dressings 

Treatment of wounds. Draining 

wounds. Dressings, changes of 

dressings under aseptic conditions 

12. Treatment of wounds. Draining 

wounds. Dressings, changes of 

dressings under aseptic conditions 

13. Hemorrhagic shock: 

pathophysiology, clinical signs 

and symptoms, treatment. 

Endotracheal and nasotracheal 

intubation 

The use of laryngoscope, endotracheal 

intubation. Practical exam 

14. The use of laryngoscope, endotracheal 

intubation. Practical exam 

15. Written test exam 

MICROSURGERY 


LECTURE 

(2x1 hr + 3 x 2 hrs/week, 

TOTAL: 8 hrs) 

1. 

2. 

3. General information 

4. Introduction to microsurgery: 

Indications of microsurgery. 

Personal and technical 

conditions of microsurgery. 

Asepsis in microsurgery 

5. Clinical applications of 

microsurgery 

6. The operating microscope. 

Basic microsurgical 

instruments, needles and 

suture materials. 

PRACTICE 

(1 hr/weekx1, 2 hrs/weekx2, 3 

hrs/weekx5, TOTAL: 20 hrs) 

Appropriate posture at the operating 

microscope and the adjustment of the 

microscope. Movement coordination of 

the hands: interlacing threads under 

microscope (1 hrs) 

7. Tying basic microsurgical knots under 

macroscopic conditions (2 hrs) 

8. Stitching and tying knots with 

microsurgical instruments on rubber 

gloves (3 hrs) 


10. Stitching and tying knots with 

microsurgical instruments on rubber 

gloves (3 hrs) 

11. Incision. Handling bleeding. 

Basic suturing techniques, 

suture of vessels and nerves 

12. Suture of tubes (3 hrs) 

13. Suture of tubes (2 hrs) 

14. End-to-end anastomosis of rat carotid 

artery ex vivo (3 hrs) 

15. End-to-end anastomosis of rat carotid 

artery in vivo (3 hrs)




PRACTICE 

(3 hrs/week) 

1. Introduction to the course. 

The name of various clinical 

departments, the medical and 

nursing staff working there. 

Revision of the Present Tense. 

2. Introduction to history taking. 

The parts of the case history. 

Asking and answering 

questions concerning present 

condition and pain: location, 

type, and duration, 

aggravating and relieving 

factors. Yes/No questions. 

3. Asking the patients about 

previous hospitalisation and 

operations, major health 

problems, childhood diseases 

and vaccination. Revision of 

the Past Tense. Wh-questions. 

4. Taking family and social 

history. Revising family 

relations, marital status, 

harmful habits (e.g. smoking, 

uncontrolled alcohol 

consumption, illegal drugs, 

excessive caffeine intake). 

Revising numbers and 

measurements. 

5. Practising basic doctor-patient 

situations: role-play, history 

taking. Asking about 

presenting symptoms/ present 

complaints, past history, 

family and social history. 

6. Asking the patient about 

dizziness, sweating, nausea or 

vomiting. Revision of 

Adjectives and Adverbs. 

Practising the Comparative 

and the Superlative. 

7. Interviewing the patient about 

dyspnoea, cough and sputum. 

Revision of the Future Tense. 

Mid-term test. 

8. Questions and answers 

concerning heart complaints 

and oedema of the legs. 

Revision of the Definite and 

Indefinite Articles. 


10. Practising doctor-patient 


taking. Briefing simple English 

case histories in Hungarian.

112 


11. Asking the patient about 

appetite, stools and urine. 

Revision of Modifiers and 

Quantifiers, and the 

vocabulary concerning food 

and drinks. 

12. Questioning the patient about 

changes in his/her 

temperature. Questions about 

having fever, measuring fever 

and decreasing high 

temperature. Revising the 

vocabulary concerning the 

main parts of the body. 

13. General instructions to 

patients during physical 

examination. The polite way of 

giving instructions. Revision of 

the Imperative Voice. 

14. The most common conditions 

and diseases in Internal 

Medicine in Hungary: diseases 

of the digestive, cardiovascular 

and respiratory systems. 



taking. 

Briefing English case histories 

taken from the field of Internal 

Medicine in Hungarian. 

Final tests (written and oral). 


PRACTICE 

(3 hrs/week) 

1. The type of drugs/medicines. 

Internally and externally 

administered drugs. 

Vocabulary expansion 

concerning forms of medicines 

and their containers. 

2. The effect of drugs. Most 

common adverse effects. 

Explaining to patients how to 

take the prescribed medicines. 

General instructions. 


communication: role-play, 

history taking and giving 

advice to patients concerning 

medication. Reading simple 

Hungarian case histories taken 

from the field of Internal 

Medicine. 

4. Surgery. Interviewing the 

patient at the Surgery 

Department. General and 

more specific questions. Parts 

of the digestive tract.


5. The most common problems 

of the digestive tract. Roleplay, 

history taking of patients 

with oesophageal problems. 

Interviewing a patient with 

gallbladder complaints. 

6. Interviewing patients with 

abdominal complaints. 

Discussing case histories 

involving acute intestinal 

problems: appendicitis and 

ileus. Physical examination of 

the patient with acute 

abdominal complaints. 

7. Interviewing patients with 

complaints referring to 

herniation. Chronic conditions 

in the colon: tumours of the 

large intestine and rectum. 

Sending patients for further 

investigations. Vocabulary 

concerning basic imaging 

techniques. Mid-term test. 


communication at the Surgery 

department: role-play, history 

taking and discussing possible 

surgical intervention with the 

patient. Revising the 

Conditional Mood. Briefing 

simple English case histories 

taken from the field of Surgery 

in Hungarian. 

9. Interviewing patients who 

suffer from problems of the 

thyroid gland. 

Interviewing patients with 

breast cancer. Giving advice 

concerning life style. Revising 

Auxiliary Verbs. 


11. Discussing the most common 

vascular problems. 

Interviewing patients with 

hypertension, vasoconstriction 

and varicose veins. Giving 

instructions concerning life 

style and medication. 

Discussing and arguing with 

patients. 

12. Acute cases of the vascular 

system: embolism and 

thrombosis. Interviewing 

patients presenting with 

symptoms of embolism and 

thrombosis. Management of 

acute cases. 

13. Patients at the Traumatology 

department. Home, road and 

sports accidents. Asking 

patients about conditions 

caused by accidents. 

Explaining medical procedures

114 


and giving advice to patients. 




advice to patients concerning 

treatment and medication. 

Reading simple Hungarian 

case histories taken from the 

field of Surgery and 

Traumatology. 

15. Revision. Practising doctorpatient 

situations that can 

emerge in the Internal 

Medicine, Surgery and 

Traumatology department. 

Interviewing and examining 

patients, sending them for 

further investigations, giving 

advice on diet, life style and 

medication. Final tests (written 

and oral). 

CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM 


LECTURE 

(2 hrs/week) 

1. Introduction – requirementsgeneral 

view 

2. Methods for investigation of 

cerebral blood flow and 

metabolism 

3. The physiology of the 

cerebrovascular smooth 

muscle 

4. Regulation of the 

cerebrovascular tone 1. the 

role of the endothelium 



neural components 



metabolic components 

7. Blood supply and basal 

metabolic processes in the 

brain 

8. The neurovascular coupling 


10. The transport to the brain-the 

blood brain barrier 

11. The blood supply of the dura 

mater cerebri 

12. The regulation of the cerebral 

blood flow in the neonate 

13. Ageing and cerebral blood flow 

14. Basic pathomechanism of the 

stroke 

15. Exam


ETHICS IN MEDICINE 



(1+1 hrs/week) 

1. Moral background of medical 

education 

2. Moral aspect of pediatrics 

3. Development of medical ethics 

the Hippocratic tradition 

4. Religious concepts 

5. Basic principles of medical 

ethics 

6. Main concepts of general 

ethics 

7. Financial background of 

health-care 

8. Moral handling of psychiatric 

disorders 

9. Surgery pain transplantation 

from living donors 


11. Euthanasia - a non-medical 

approach 

12. Moral dilemmas in 

reproductive medicine family 

planning 

13. Modern codes of medical 

ethics. World Medical 

Association and its 

declarations. 

14. Research on human subjects 

death and dying 

15. Revision 

MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY 



(1+1 hrs/week) 

1. Perspectives on early 

experience. Mother-child 

interaction. Attachment. 

Separation. 

2. Children play, fairy-tales and 

phantasy. 

3. The stage theory of cognitive 

development. 

4. Psychosocial development. 

(Erikson) 

5. Development of social contact. 

Adolescent crisis. 

6. Sex role and sex identification. 

7. Psychological aspect of child 

psychiatric disorders. 

8. Basic elements of personality. 

The trait theory. 

9. The psychoanalytic paradigm. 


11. Theories of learning process. 

12. Humanistic approach of 

personality.

116 


13. The assessment of personality. 

14. General aspect of human 

communication. Social 

perception. 

15. Psychology of group dynamics. 

BASIC MEDICAL SKILLS 


LECTURE 

PRACTICE 

(2 hrs/week for 6 weeks) (2 hrs/week for 6 weeks) 

1. Evolution of medical 

technology, instruments of 

conventional and minimally 

invasive techniques 

Practising deep incision 

(subcutaneous, fascia) and wound 

closure (continuous and interrupted 

sutures). Drainage of superficial and 

2. Invasive monitoring of vital 

signs 

3. Disorders of haemostasis and 

coagulation in clinical practice 

4. Wound infections and 

perioperative inflammatory 

complications: 

pathophysiology, mediators, 

antibiotics, treatment 

possibilities 

5. Immunological aspects of 

surgery, sepsis and septic 

shock: pathophysiology and 

treatment 

6. Pathophysiology, theory and 

practice of resuscitation in 

surgery 

ADVANCED MEDICAL SKILLS 


deep tissue layers 

Capillary, venous, and arterial 

bleeding. Control of bleeding, 

tourniquet, diathermy, ligation of 

vessels. Practising blood gas analysis 

Minor surgical skills. Local anesthesia, 

exposure of superficial abscesses, 

excisional surgery. Taking samples for 

microbiological analysis 

Anastomosis techniques, end-to-end 

sutures ex vivo 

Endotracheal intubation, 

tracheostomy, insertion of 

tracheostomy tube 

Peritoneal dialysis. Abdominal 

incisions, laparotomies 

LECTURE 

PRACTICE 

(2 hrs/week for 6 weeks) (2 hrs/week for 6 weeks) 

1. Local and systemic hypoxia Invasive monitoring of the circulation: 

and ischaemia, disturbances of introducing Swan-Ganz catheter, data 

macro- and microcirculation, collection and evaluation 

diagnosis, signs and 

symptoms, therapeutic 

possibilities 

2. Abdominal surgery Appendectomy and splenectomy. 

3. Microsurgery: indications, 

application fields; sutures of 

nerves, vessels, tendons 

4. Advanced microsurgery, 

special surgical techniques 

5. Video-endoscopic 

interventions. History, 

theoretical background, 

instruments, indications 

Intestinal anastomosis in vivo 

Exposure and cannulation of femoral 

vein and artery, jugular vein and 

carotid artery. Anastomoses 

Tracheostomy, chest drainage 

Minimally invasive surgery, 

instruments, equipment. Practising, 

tying knots and suturing in box 

trainers


6. Advanced skills in minimal 

access surgery, future 

directions, robotics, 

telesurgery 

Laparoscopy in vivo 

PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF LABORATORY MEDICINE 

6th semester 

LECTURE 

(2 hrs/week) 

1. Introduction to laboratory 

medicine I. 

Preanalytical processes, test 

requesting, sampling, common 

preanalytical errors 

2. Introduction to laboratory 

medicine II. 

Analytical processes: quality 

control, traceability of 

measurements, precision, 

biological variation, reference 

range, point of care testing. 

Postanalytical processes: 

interpretation of results, 

sensitivity, specificity, 

predictive values, pre- and 

post-test probability, clinically 

significant change values, 

alarming or critical values, 

evidence based laboratory 

medicine 

3. Acid-base balance disorders 

4. Laboratory diagnosis of 

coagulation disorders 

Basic coagulation tests, 

monitoring of anticoagulant 

therapy, testing for congenital 

and acquired thrombophilias 


sodium and water metabolism 

Hypo- and hypernatremia: 

causes and differential 

diagnosis, SIADH, diabetes 

insipidus, laboratory diagnosis 

of oedema. Effect of diuretics 

on sodium and water balance, 

disorders of osmolar 

regulation 

6. Disorders of potassium 

metabolism 

Hypo-, and hyperkalemia: 

causes and differential 

diagnosis, diagnostic 

algorithms and treatment 

7. Laboratory diagnosis of liver 

diseases 

8. Endocrinology I. 

Laboratory diagnosis of 

disorders of endocrine 

regulation. Diseases of 

hypothalamus, hypophysis, 

thyroid and parathyroid 

glands.

118 


9. Endocrinology II. 

Laboratory diagnosis of 

disorders of the adrenal gland 

and the reproductive system 



disorders of lipid metabolism 

Primary, and secondary 

hyperlipidemia, clinical 

significance of cholesterol, TG, 

HDL-C, LDL-C, classification of 

hyperlipidemias. Risks of 

atherosclerosis: clinical 

significance of ApoA, ApoB, 

Lp(a), homocystein, 

fibrinogen. 

12. Laboratory diagnosis and 

monitoring of diabetes mellitus 

13. Laboratory diagnosis of renal 

diseases 

Laboratory tests of glomerular 

and tubular functions, 

laboratory diagnosis of 

proteinuria, acute and chronic 

renal failure, nephrosis 

syndrome, differentiation of 

distal and proximal renal 

tubular acidosis 


myocardial infarction and acut 

coronary syndrome 

Classical markers: CK, LDH 

isoenzymes, myoglobin. New 

markers: Troponin I, Troponin 

T, significance of point of care 

testing, diagnostic algorithms. 

BASIC IMMUNOPATHOLOGY 


LECTURE 

(1 hr/week=7x2 hrs) 

1. Introduction to 

immunopathology. Types of 

hypersensitivity reactions 

causing diseases. Effector 

mechanisms of immunologic 

tissue injury and disease 

2. Immunological tolerance. Self 

tolerance: central and 

peripheral tolerance, 

mechanisms of T and B cell 

tolerance 

3. Pathomechanism of 

autoimmunity: failure of self 

tolerance, genetic factors, role 

of infections, other factors; 

effector mechanisms. 

Immunology of systemic and 

organ-specific autoimmune 

diseases


4. Therapeutical approaches for 

immunologic diseases. 

Immunosuppressive therapy 

5. Transplantation immunology: 

transplantation antigens, 

allogeneic recognition, effector 

mechanisms of graft rejection; 

prevention and treatment 

6. Immunology of organ 

transplantation. Bone marrow 

transplantation immunology: 

graft-versus-host disease. 

Xenogeneic transplantation 

immunology. Reproductive 

immunology 

7. Tumor immunology: tumor 

antigens, anti-tumor immune 

responses, evasion of immune 

responses by tumors. 

Immunotherapy for tumors

120 


SYLLABUSES 

CLINICAL MODULE - MEDICINE 

ANAESTHESIOLOGY AND OXYOLOGY 


LECTURE 

PRACTICE 

(2 hrs/week) (1 hr/week) 

1. Introduction, useful 

informations, requirements 

Anaesthesiology, intensive 

care, oxyology and emergency 

medicine. History, main tasks, 

organisation 

2. Ventilation, keeping airways 

free. Care of acute respiratory 

insufficiency in emergency 

conditions. Mechanical 

ventilation during transport. 

3. BLS-ALS-AED. Main goals and 

tasks of prehospital care. 

CPR. Goals and tasks of 

intrahospital care.. 

4. AMI, cardiac rhythm disorders 

and other cardiologic 

emergencies in the field. 

5. Prehospital care of the 

unconscious patient. 

Primary care of stroke 

patients: goals, tasks and 

possibilities of emergency care 

6. First medical aid and transport 

of trauma patients 

Head trauma patients and CNS 

injuries 

Catastrophe and massaccident 

management. 

7. The shock patient. Main tasks 

of emergency care and the 

goals of rescue efforts. 

Volume replacement in the 

field and during transport 

8. Recognition and main 

characteristics of intoxication. 

Diagnostics and emergency 

care of intoxicated patients. 

Recognition of drug abuse and 

overdose 

Recognition and primary care 

of gynecologic emergencies 


10. Pain relief, analgesia and 

anesthesia in emergency 

conditions in the field. 

Written MCQ test on oxyology 

and emergency care 

11. General anaesthesia and 

sedation. Methods, 

organisation, goals, general 

conditions and rules of care. 

Monitoring in anaesthesia


12. Regional anaesthesia. Role, 

possibilities, methods, and 

special pharmacology 

13. Intra- and postoperative fliud 

replacement and it’s control. 

Care and monitoring of the 

postoperative patient. 

14. Postoperative and acute pain 

relief. Main tasks and 

methods. 

Labour pain relief 

15. Chronic pain therapy. Types, 

goals possibilities and 

methods. 


LECTURE 

PRACTICE 

(2 hrs/week) (1 hr/week) 

1. Intensive care. Brief history, 

definition, main goals and 

tasks. 

Monitoring and basic methods. 

2. Shock: pathology, types and 

basic rules of their treatment. 

3. Fluid-electrolyte homeostasis 

and acid-base balance. 

Physiology, pathology and 

basics of correction. 

Airway management. 

Respiratory insufficiency. 

Mechanical ventilation 

4. Fluid and volume replacement, 

transfusion therapy in 

anaesthesiology and intensive 

care. General principles of 

correction. 

5. Intensive therapy of burns. 

Therapy of the anaphylactic 

shock. Sepsis and therapy of 

septic shock 

6. AMI, cardiogenic shock and 

low output syndrome. 

7. Respiratory insifficiency: 

pathology and therapy. 

Arteficial ventilation: goal, 

tasks, possibilities and main 

harms of therapy. 

8. Stroke: forms and possibilities 

of intensive care. 

Basics of intensive therapy of 

head injured and 

polytraumatized patient 

9. Cardiac rhythm disturbancies. 

Pulmonary embolism. 

Significant medical 

emergencies. 


11. Endocrine emergencies. 

Intensive therapy of 

pathologies of glucose 

metabolism. The tight glucose 

controll

122 


Critical care of drug abuse 

12. Renal insufficiency. Renal 

replacement therapy at the 

ICU. 

13. Intensive care of obstetric and 

gynecologic emergencies 

Basics of paediatric 

anaesthesia and intensive care 

14. Significance and estimation of 

nutricional status. Definition 

and consequences of 

malnutrition. Clinical nutrition: 

goals and methods. 

15. Haemorrhagic diathesis and 

coagulation disorders. DIC. 

Anticoagulant therapy 

Perioperative thrombosis 

prophylaxis. 



LECTURE 

PRACTICE 


* Echocardiography Methods in echocardiography, reading 

an echocardiographic record. 

* Infective endocarditis. Tumors 

of the heart 

Taking the case history the physical 

examination. 

* Hypertension in cardiologic Performing percussion, auscultation. 

aspect. Aortic dissection 

* Aortic stenosis +Aortic Performing percussion, auscultation. 

incompetence. 

* Mitral stenosis + Mitral Performing percussion, auscultation. 

incompetence 

* Tricuspid stenosis and Performing percussion, auscultation. 

incompetence. Combined 

valvular heart disease. 

Prosthetic valve. 

* Rheumatic fever. Myocardtitis 

and pericarditis 

The physical findings of rheumatic 

fever and inflammatory diseases. 

* Adult congenital heart Performing percussion, auscultation. 

diseases 

* Hypertrophic and dilatative 

cardiomyopathy: diagnosis 

and treatment 

Performing percussion, auscultation. 

The physical findings of 

cardiomyopathies. 

* Electrocardiography Reading ECG records. 

* Cardiac arrhythmias Reading ECG records learning modern 

antiarrhythmic treatment and 

procedures. 

* Ischemic heart diseases Non invasive and invasive technics in 

the diagnosis of ischemic heart 

* Invasive diagnostic and 

theraputic methods in 

cardiology 

* Restrictive and obliterative 

cardiomyopathy. Chronic heart 

failure 

disease. 

Non invasive and invasive technics in 


disease. 



cardiomyopathies and chronic heart 

failure. 

* Pulmonary embolism. Physical findings of pulmonary 

Pulmonary hypertension. embolism and hypertension. 

* Cardiac rehabilitation Possibilities in rehabilitation program.


* Special cardiac conditions: 

women, athletics, elders. 

Cardiac risk stratification in 

non cardiac surgery 

* Acute heart failure. Failure of 

periferial circulation 


cardiology. 

The signs and treatment of heart 

failure and periferial circulation 

disturbances. 

Visiting at operation theatre. 

* Revascularization in cardiac 

surgery 

* Basic hematology Evaluation of laboratory data 

* Anemias Inspection of patients with anaemia 

* Anemias. Hemolytic anemia Microscopic evaluation of red cells 

morphology 

* Pancytopenias 

(Myelodysplastic 

Bone marrow smears examination, 

physical signs of pancytopenic patients 

* syndromes. Aplastic anemia) 

* Acut leukemia Examination of blood and bone 

marrow smears with acute leukemias 

* Stem cell transplantation Discussion of indications for stem cell 

transplantation 

* Myeloproliferative diseases Palpation of spleens and enlarged 

livers 

* Malignant lymphomas. Lymp nodes palpation 

* (Classification, Hodgkin 

disease) 

* Aggressive lymphomas Examination of blood and bone 

marrow smears with lymphomatic 

infiltration 

* Malignant lymphomas. X ray consultation, physical 

examinations 

* (Indolent lymphomas, multiple 

myeloma) 

* Coagulation abnormalities. 

(Thrombophilias) 


Bleeding manifestations 

LECTURE 

PRACTICE 


1. Esohpageal disorders Problem oriented evaluation of the 

symptoms of patients with esophageal 

disorders 

2. Peptic ulcer disease Practical aspects of the functional 

evaluation of patients with esophageal 

disorders (esophageal manometry, 24 

h pH-metry, evaluation of the biliary 

reflux) 

Functional dyspepsia 

3. Gastrointestinal hormones Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy 

Gastric Cancer 

4. Chronic hepatitis Symptomatic evaluation of the liver 

patient. 

Cirrhosis of the liver I. 

(etiology, symptoms) 

Problem oriented laboratory 

investigation of the liver patient. 

5. Cirrhosis of the liver II 

(complications, therapeutical 

options) 

Diseases of the biliary system 

I 

6. Diseases of the biliary system 

II 

Symptoms of biliary obstruction, 

investigative methods for patients with 

biliary obstruction (symptoms, 

biochemistry, ultrasonography, ERCP) 

Symptoms of patients with acute 

pancreatitis

124 


Acute pancreatitis 

Diagnostic work up of patients with 

acute pancreatitis 

7. Chronic pancreatitis Diagnostic work up of patients with 

chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic 

cancer 

Pancreatic cancer 

8. Pathomechanisms of 

Diagnostic work up of patients with CU 

and Crohn’s disease. 

Inflammatory Bowel Disease 

Crohn’s disease and Ulcerative 

Colitis 

9. Tumors of the large intestine Early identification of patients with 

colorectal cancer. Diagnostic methods. 

Malabsorption syndrome 


11. Irritable Bowel Syndrome Symptoms of malabsorption, 

maldigestion, Diagnostic workup: 

Hydrogen, c13 urea and starch breath 

tests 

Diabetes mellitus (etiology, 

classification) 

12. Complications of diabetes 

mellitus 

Practical aspects of the diagnosis and 

therapy of patients with diabetes 

mellitus; the patient education. 

Therapy of diabetes mellitus 

13. Dyslipoproteinemias Practical aspects of insulin therapy. 

Treatment of dyslipoproteinemias 

Hyperuricemia, gout 

14. Introduction to clinical 

immunology 

Rheumatoid arthritis 

15. SLE, Dermatomyosistis, 

Sjögren’s disease, MCTD 

Consultation 

Physical examination of patients with 

rheumatoid diseases 

Consultation 


LECTURE 

PRACTICE 


* Echocardiography Methods in echocardiography, reading 

an echocardiographic record. 

* Infective endocarditis. Tumors 

of the heart 

Taking the case history the physical 

examination. 

* Hypertension in cardiologic Performing percussion, auscultation. 

aspect. Aortic dissection 

* Aortic stenosis +Aortic Performing percussion, auscultation. 

incompetence. 

* Mitral stenosis + Mitral Performing percussion, auscultation. 

incompetence 

* Tricuspid stenosis and Performing percussion, auscultation. 

incompetence. Combined 

valvular heart disease. 

Prosthetic valve. 

* Rheumatic fever. Myocardtitis 

and pericarditis 

The physical findings of rheumatic 

fever and inflammatory diseases. 

* Adult congenital heart Performing percussion, auscultation. 

diseases 

* Hypertrophic and dilatative 

cardiomyopathy: diagnosis 

and treatment 



cardiomyopathies. 

* Electrocardiography Reading ECG records. 

* Cardiac arrhythmias Reading ECG records learning modern 

antiarrhythmic treatment and


procedures. 

* Ischemic heart diseases Non invasive and invasive technics in 


disease. 

* Invasive diagnostic and 

theraputic methods in 

cardiology 

* Restrictive and obliterative 

cardiomyopathy. Chronic heart 

failure 



disease. 



cardiomyopathies and chronic heart 

failure. 

* Pulmonary embolism. 

Pulmonary hypertension. 

Physical findings of pulmonary 

embolism and hypertension. 

* Cardiac rehabilitation Possibilities in rehabilitation program. 

* Special cardiac conditions: 

women, athletics, elders. 

Cardiac risk stratification in 

non cardiac surgery 


cardiology. 

* Acute heart failure. Failure of 

periferial circulation 

The signs and treatment of heart 

failure and periferial circulation 

disturbances. 

* Revascularization in cardiac Visiting at operation theatre. 

surgery 

* Basic hematology Evaluation of laboratory data 

* Anemias Inspection of patients with anaemia 

* Anemias. Hemolytic anemia Microscopic evaluation of red cells 

morphology 

* Pancytopenias 

(Myelodysplastic syndromes. 

Aplastic anemia) 

Bone marrow smears examination, 

physical signs of pancytopenic patients 

* Acut leukemia Examination of blood and bone 

marrow smears with acute leukemias 

* Stem cell transplantation Discussion of indications for stem cell 

transplantation 

* Myeloproliferative diseases Palpation of spleens and enlarged 

livers 

* Malignant lymphomas. Lymp nodes palpation 

* (Classification, Hodgkin 

disease) 

* Aggressive lymphomas Examination of blood and bone 

marrow smears with lymphomatic 

infiltration 

* Malignant lymphomas. X ray consultation, physical 

examinations 

* (Indolent lymphomas, multiple 

myeloma) 

* Coagulation abnormalities. 

(Thrombophilias) 



Bleeding manifestations 

LECTURE 

PRACTICE 


1. Diarrhea, constipation Medical thinking, general principles of 

differential diagnostics 

2. Abdominal pain Differential diagnostics of diarrhea and 

constipation 

3. Ascites Differential diagnostics in patients with 

abdominal pain 

4. Gastrointestinal bleeding Differential diagnostics of ascites 

5. Jaundice Differential diagnostics of occult and 

manifest gastrointestinal bleedings

126 


6. Hypertension Differential diagnostics of jaundice 

7. Motility disorders of the GI 

tract 

Differential diagnostics of the 

gastrointestinal motility disorders 

8. Differential diagnosis of chest differential diagnostics of hypertension 

pain 

9. Edema, cyanosis, dyspnea differential diagnostics of chest pain 

and syncope 


11. Cytokines in hematological differential diagnostics of edema, 

practice, 

12. Differential diagnosis of 

anaemias and lymph node 

enlargements 

cyanosis, dyspnoe 

differential diagnostics of anaemias 

and lymph node enlargement 

13. Hematuria, edema differential diagnostics in patients with 

renal diseases 

14. Syncope selected differential diagnostic 

problems, consultation 

15. Genetic disorders, obesity selected differential diagnostic 

problems, consultation 

PHARMACOLOGY 


LECTURE 

PRACTICE 


1. Introduction into 

Receptor theory. 

pharmacology. 

Pharmacokinetics I: 

Absorption. Passage across 

body membranes. 

2. Pharmacokinetics II: 

Distribution. 

Computer Lab: Drug-receptor 

interactions. 

3. Pharmacokinetics III: Computer Lab: Pharmacokinetics. 

Elimination - Metabolism and 

excretion. Individual drug 

responses: Pharmacogenetics. 

Allergy. Age, diet, and 

diseases. 

4. Safety and effectiveness. 

Therapeutic index. 

Computer Lab: Repeated drug 

administration. 

Development of new drugs. 

Tolerance and drug 

dependence. Drug 

interactions. 

5. Autonomic nervous system: MTO: General pharmacology. 

Introduction. Ganglion 

stimulants, inhibitors. 

Cholinomimetics. 

6. Cholinolytic drugs. 

MTO-GPH Discussion 

Sympathomimetic drugs. 

7. Alpha-adrenoceptor blockers. 

Beta-adrenoceptor blockers. 

Adrenergic neuron blocking 

agents. 

8. Peripheral muscle relaxants. 

Antihistamines. Serotonin, 

kinin, PG, LT antagonists. 


10. Smooth muscle relaxants. 

Treatment of asthma 

bronchiale. 

Computer Lab: Parasympathetic 


Computer Lab: Sympathetic nervous 

system. 

Computer Lab: Skeletal muscle and 

smooth muscle relaxants.


11. Local anaesthetics. 

Antiinflammatory drugs. 

Glucocorticoids. 

12. Chemotherapy I. Cell wall 

synthesis inhibitors. Protein 

synthesis inhibitors. 

13. Chemotherapy II. 

Sulfonamids. Kinolones. 

Anthelmintic agents. 

Antiseptics, desinfectants. 

14. Chemotherapy III. Macrolidantibiotics. 

Chemotherapy of 

neoplastic diseases. 

15. Chemotherapy IV: Antiviral 

and antifungal agents. 

Treatment of protozoon 

infections (malaria). 

MTO: Autonomic nervous system. 

MTO: Autonomic nervous system - 

Discussion. 

Prescripton writing. 

Treatment of mycobacterium 

infections (TBC). 

To recapitulate: Chemotherapy. 


LECTURE 

PRACTICE 


1. Psychostimulants. Anorectics. Introduction. 

Hallucinogenics. Anxiolytics. 

Sedatohypnotics. 

2. Pharmacology of general Contemporary drug abuse. 

anaesthesia. Opioid analgetics. 

3. Antidepressants. Antiparkinson To recapitulate: General anaesthesia. 

drugs. Central muscle 

relaxants. 

4. Antipsychotic drugs. 

Pharmacotherapy of pain. 

Antiepileptic drugs. 

5. Antiarrhythmic drugs. To recapitulate: CNS 

6. Antianginal drugs. MTO: CNS. 

7. Diuretic drugs. 

Therapy of AMI. 

Pharmacotherapy of 

hyperlipoproteinemias. 

8. Cardiotonics. Computer lab - CVS 

9. Antihypertensive drugs. Drugs Therapy of migraine. 

acting on the blood. 


11. Stroke (prevention and Therapy of anaemias. 

treatment). Diabetes mellitus. 

Hyperthyreosis. 

12. Hormones. Vitamines. MTO: CVS. 

13. Drugs that influence the GIT. Discussion - CVS. 

Toxicology I. 

14. Toxicology II. Principles of immunopharmacology. 

15. Toxicology of doping. Prepare for the final exam. 

ORTHOPAEDICS 


LECTURE 

* Field of orthopaedics, history. 

Diagnosis and treatment of 

orthopaedic disorders. 

* Disorders of the spine in 

childhood. Scoliosis. 

PRACTICE 

The course of the examination of the 

patients with locomotor system 

diseases. Diagnostic means. X-ray 

demonstration. Case report. 

Examination of the neck and cervical 

spine. Disorders of the neck and 

cervical spine. X-ray demonstration. 

Case report.

128 


* General affections of the 

skeleton 

Examination of the trunk and spine. 

Disorders of the trunk and spine. X-ray 


* Congenital deformities and 

disabilities 

* Disorders of the foot 

(congenital club foot, pes 

planovalgus) 

* Arthritis, osteomyelitis, 

tuberculous arthritis 

Examination of the scoliosis. 

Diagnostic means. X-ray 


Examination of the shoulder and 

elbow. Disorders of the shoulder and 

elbow. X-ray demonstration. Case 

report. 

Examination of the forearm, wrist and 

the hand. Disorders of the forearm, 

wrist and the hand. X-ray 


* Bone tumors Examination of the hip regio. Disorders 

of the hip. Messuring the length of the 

limbs. X-ray demonstration. Case 

report. 

* Infections and degenerative 

disorders of the spine. 

Spondylolysis, 

spondylolisthesis. 

* Disorders of the neck and 

upper limbs 

* Congenital dislocation and 

dysplasia of the hip 

* Other hip disorders in 

childhood (Perthes disease, 

slipped upper femoral 

epiphysis. Transient arthritis of 

the hip.) 

* Osteoarthritis of the hip. 

Idiopathical necrosis capitis 

femoris. 

* Disorders of the knee. 

* Neuromuscular diseases, 

general affections of the 

skeleton 

PULMONOLOGY 


Examination of the osteoarthritis of the 

hip and of the knee. X-ray 


Examination of the knee. Disorders of 

the knee. X-ray demonstration. Case 

report. 

Examination of the leg, ankle and foot. 

Disorders of the leg, ankle and foot. X- 

ray demonstration. Case report. 

Infections of the bone. Arthritis. Bone 

tumors. X-ray demonstration. Case 

report. 

Osteoarthrosis. General affections of 

the skeleton. (Neurological disorders). 

X-ray demonstration. Case report. 

LECTURE 

PRACTICE 

* Main clinical features of lung 

diseases 

Morphology and roentgen anatomy of 

lung. Physical examination. 

* Chronic 

Characteristic X-ray findings. 

bronchitis.Emphysema. 

* Respiratory function. 

Spirometry. 

Chronic bronchitis. "Pink puffers" and 

"blue bloaters". 

* Pharmacospirometry. 

Provocation. 

Lung function tests. (MS 12). 

Pharmacospirometry. 

* Asthma bronchiale Diagnosis of asthma bronchiale. 

Aspecific provocation tests, skin test, 

IgE. 

* Malignant neoplasm of lung Bronchoscopy, Bronchography. 

Thoracoscopy, mediastinoscopy. 

* Pneumonia lung abscess Radiographic findings of lung cancer. 

Transthoracic needle-biopsy. Cytology. 

TNM classification. 

* Breathing mechanics. Blood Radiographic findings of pneumonia.


gases. 

Sputum examination. Treatment. 

* Interstitial lung diseases Pletysmography. Diffusing capacity. 

Cardiopulmonary exercise test. 

* Diseases of pleura Aetiology of pleural effusions. 

Aspiration of the pleural effusion. 

Laboratory findings. 

* Pulmonary thromboembolism, 

cor pulmonale chronicum 

Roentgenographic findings in 

tuberculosis. 

* Tuberculosis Sputum examination in tuberculosis. 

* Occupational lung diseases. 

Fungal infections. 

* Respiratory failure. Sleep 

apnoea syndrome. 

RADIOLOGY 


LECTURE 

PRACTICE 

(1 hr/week) (1 hr/week) 

1. Imaging diagnostics: role, 

development, present and 

future 

Tuberculin test. Treatment. 

Cor pulmonale. Differential diagnosis 

of disseminated lung diseases. 

Imaging diagnostics: role, 

development, present and future 

2. Conventional radiology Conventional radiology 

3. Contrast materials Contrast materials 

4. Ultrasound Ultrasound 

5. Computed tomography and 

magnetic resonance imaging 

6. Interventional radiology Interventional radiology 

7. Gastroenterology I. Gastroenterology I. 

8. Gastroenterology II. Gastroenterology II. 


9. Joints Joints 

10. Bones Bones 

11. Chest I. (lung) Chest I. (lung) 

12. Chest II. (mediastinum) Chest II. (mediastinum) 

13. Heart and peripheric vessels Heart and peripheric vessels 

14. Head and neck Head and neck 


Computed tomography and magnetic 

resonance imaging 


1. Radiology of the breast and 

reproductive organ 

Radiology of the breast and 

reproductive organ 

2. Radiology of the liver Radiology of the liver 

3. Radiology of the biliary tract Radiology of the biliary tract 

4. Radiology of the pancreas & Radiology of the pancreas & spleen 

spleen 

5. Neuroradiology I. Neuroradiology I. 

6. Neuroradiology II. Neuroradiology II. 

7. Neuroradiology III. Neuroradiology III. 

7. Pediatric radiology Pediatric radiology 

9. Radiology of the kidneys & the 

urinay tract 

Radiology of the kidneys & the urinay 

tract 


11. Radiology of the suprarenal 

glands and the 

Radiology of the suprarenal glands and 

the retroperitoneum 

retroperitoneum 

12. Radiology of the pelvis Radiology of the pelvis 

13. Emergency radiology Emergency radiology 

13. Traumatological radiology Traumatological radiology

130 


SURGERY 


LECTURE 

PRACTICE 

* The surgery of the 

mediastinum 



* The surgery of the thorax The patients examinations and the 



lectures. 

* The surgery of the lung The practicals take place in the 

Department of Surgery. 

* Cardiac surgery 

* The surgery of the breast 

cancer 

* Oncological treatment after 

the removal of the breast 

cancer 

* Vascular surgery 

* The surgery of the abdominal 

wall, hernias 


LECTURE 

* The benign disease of 

oesophagus 

* Gastric surgery. Benign 

disease 

* Gastric surgery. Malignant 

disease 

* The malignant disease of 

oesophagus 

* Surgery of gallbladder 

* Surgery of bile duct 

* Gastrointestinal bleeding 

* Surgery of pancreas 

* Gastrointestinal perforation 

* Surgical treatment of portal 

hypertension 

* Surgical treatment of liver 

PRACTICE 



The patients examinations and the 



lectures. 



OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY 


LECTURE 

PRACTICE 


* Introduction. Concepts of 

obstetrics and gynaecology 

and its role in modern 

medicine. Historical review. 

* Development and function of 

the placenta. Development of 

the fetus. 

Prenatal care. Obstetrical history, 

physical examination. 

Pregnancy tests 

* Endocrinology of pregnancy. Induction of labour 

* Obstetrical anatomy. Diagnosis Ultrasonography 

of pregnancy. 

* Genital and extragenital 

changes during pregnancy. 

Follow up examinations during 

pregnancy


* Signs of the fetal life. The Genetics, CVS, AC, Cordocentesis 

mature placenta, umbilical 

cord, membranes and amniotic 

fluid. 

* Intrauterine position of the Preparation for labour 

fetus. 

* Antenatal care and 

CTG, OCT, AS, X ray 

examinations. 

* Normal mechanism of labour. Normal delivery 

* Patient care during labour. Induced abortion. Surgical aspects. 

* Pharmacokinetics in 

Forceps delivery, vacuum extraction 

pregnancy. Registration of the 

uterine activity. 

* Diseases of the trophoblast. Breech presentation 

* Monitoring of the fetus and Postpartal hemorrhage 

placenta. 

* Physiology of the uterus. Caesarean section 

* Obstetrical ultrasonography. 

* The newborn. Care and 

management. The 

puerperium. 

* Abortion. 

* Ectopic pregnancy. 

* EPH-gestosis. 

* Breech presentation and 

delivery. 

* Multiple pregnancy. 

* Premature labour. 

* Management of delivery. 

Induction of labour. 

* Intrauterine death. 

Postmaturity. Dysmaturity. 

* Alternative delivery methods. 


LECTURE 

PRACTICE 


* Uterine rupture, postpartal 

haemorrhage, abnormal 

puerperium. 

* Causes of 3rd trimester 

bleeding (premature 

separation of the placenta, 

DIC, plac. praevia). 

Gynaecological history taking, physical 

and pelvic examinations. 

Screening methods for cervical cancer: 

cytology. 

* Dysmaturity. Hyperemesis. Screening methods for cervical cancer: 

colposcopy. 

* Erythroblastosis fetalis. Curettage, cervical biopsy, 

electrocauterisation, conisation. 

* Dystocia (difficult labor) pelvic 

dystocia due to uterine 

dysfunction, dystocia of fetal 

origin, dystocia of placental 

origigin. 

* Infectious diseases and 

pregnancy. 

* Respiratory, renal, neurologic, 

endocrine and metabolic 

diseases. 

Female infertility, diagnostic 

procedures. 

Infertility study of the male partner. 

Labor procedures of infertility. 

* Benign tumors of the uterus. Conception control. 

* Diseases of the cervix. Cancer Endoscopy. 

screening.

132 


* Pelvic inflammatory diseases. Abdominal gynaecological operations. 

Diseases of the Fallopian tube. 

* Medical complications during Vaginal surgical procedures. 

pregnancy. (Heart, 

haematologic, gastrointestinal 

diseases.) 

* Genetic disorders. Adolescent gynaecology. 

* Birth control. Contraception. Physiotherapy in gynaecology. 

* Abnormalities of the 

Radio- and chemotherapy. 

menstruation. 

* Climacteric. Psychosexual diseases. 

* Ethical aspects of Obstetrics- 

Gynaecology. 

* Endometriosis. 

* Assisted fertilization in the 

female. 

* Gynaecological endoscopy. 

* Infertility of the female. 

* Benign ovarian tumors. 

* Malignant ovarian tumors. 

* Adolescent gynaecology. 

* Infertility of the male. 

* Diseases of the vulva and 

vagina. 

CLINICAL ONCOLOGY 


LECTURE 

* Anomally of cell regulation 

* Tumor epidemiology 

* Primary and secondary 

prevention 

* Tumor markers, histology, 

cytometry, pathological 

diagnostics 

* Features of benign and 

malignant tumors, 

progression, metastases 

* Psychooncology 

* Basics of surgical therapy 

* Chemotherapy 

* Invasive and non-invasive 

diagnostic methods 

* Physics of Radiobiology 

* Radiotherapy 

* Hormonaltherapy, 

immunotherapy, gene therapy 

* Supportive therapy 

* Consultation 

MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY 



* The relevance of psychology 

to medicine 

* Becoming ill-psychological 

implications 

* Symptoms as psychological 

experiences 

* Cultural factors in becoming ill 

and illness behaviour


* Theories of personality 

* Personality and diseases 

* Stress and disease 

* Learned helplessness and 

coping 

* The psychology of pain. Pain 

management techniques. 

* Psychosocial aspects of 

hospitalization 

* Problems in doctor-patient 

communication and treatment 

adherence 

* Counselling 

* Psychological approaches to 

treatment 

* Techniques of psychotherapy 

STOMATOLOGY 



1. Disorders of development of 

the teeth and related tissues. 

Caries prevention. 

2. Diseases of dental pulp and 

treatment of dental caries 

3. Oral diseases 

4. Systemic diseases in relation 

to dentistry 

5. Benign tumors, praecancerous 

lesions 

6. Malignant tumors 

7. Periodontal diseases 

8. Periapical periodontitis and 

severe infections 

9. Extraction of teeth and related 

problems. Injuries to teeth 

and supporting tissues. 


11. Maxillo-facial traumatology 

12. Prosthetic dentistry and 

disorders of 

temporomandibular joints 

13. Cyst of the jaws, diseases of 

salivary glands 

14. Treatment of malignant 

tumors 

15. Emergencies in dental 

practice, anaesthesia and 

sedation in dentistry 

NUCLEAR MEDICINE 


LECTURE 

* Basic principles of nuclear 

physics and radiation biology, 

instrumentation of nuclear 

medicine 

* Single photon emission 

computed tomography and 

positron emission tomography 

* Tomography

134 


* Emission computed 

tomography (ECT) 

* Radiopharmacology 

* Nuclear medicine in disorders 

of bones and joints 

* Bone scintigraphy 

* Joint scintigraphy 

* Bone marrow scintigraphy 

* Nuclear cardiology I. 

* Myocardial perfusion studies 

* Nuclear cardiology II. 

* Radionuclide ventriculography 

(RNV) at rest 

* RNV during stress 

* ECG-gated RNV with SPECT 

* Miscellaneous nuclear 

cardiological methods 

* Nuclear medicine 

investigations of the lung 

* Lung studies 

* Nuclear medicine in 

gastroenterology 

* Hepatobiliary scintigraphy 

* Differential diagnostics of focal 

liver lesions 

* Scintigraphy of the salivary 

glands 

* Oesophagus passage study 

* Gastric motility study 

* Gastrointestinal bleeding site 

detected by radioisotopes 

* Meckel's diverticulum 

detection 

* Investigations of intestinal 

inflammations 

* Investigations in 

malabsorption (Schilling test) 

* In vitro nuclear medicine. 

Assays with radionuclides. 

* Principles of immunoassays 

* Clinical applications of 

immunoassays 

* Endocrinological aspects of 

nuclear medicine 

* Thyroid scintigraphy 

* Parathyroid scintigraphy 

* Adrenal scintigraphy 

* Neuroendocrine tumor 

imaging technique 

* Nuclear medicine in urogenital 

disorders 

* Renal scintigraphy 

* Static renal scintigraphy 

* Dynamic studies 

* Vesicoureteric reflux study 

* Evaluation of renal transplants 

* Scrotum scintigraphy 

* Radionuclide 

hysterosalpingography 

* Nuclear medicine of the 

central nervous system (CNS) 

* Brain angioscintigraphy and 

blood-brain barrier


scintigraphy 

* Cerebrospinal fluid CSF 

scintigraphy 

* Brain SPECT studies 

* Neuroreceptor SPECT 

* Brain tumors evaluated by 

SPECT 

* Brain PET studies 

* Nuclear oncology 

* Tumor markers 

* Tumoraffin 

radiopharmaceuticals and their 

applications 

* Oncological aspects of bone 

marrow scintigraphy 

* Scintigraphy of the lymphatic 

system 

* Oncological aspects of PET 

studies 

* Nuclear medicine in therapy 

* Thyroid disorders treated with 

radioisotopes 

* Neuroendocrine tumors 

treated with 131-I-MIBG 

* 32-P treatment in 

polycythaemia vera 

* Radiosynovectomy 

* Palliative treatment of bone 

metastases 

* Possibilities in 

radioimmunotherapy 

BASIC BIOSTATISTICS 

7th, 9th semester (15 weeks) 

LECTURE 

PRACTICE 

( 1 hr/week) (1 hrs/week) 

1. Data definition, types of data, 

displaying data. Sample 

Bar chart, histogram. Calculation of 

the mean and standard deviation. 

characteristics. 

2. Probability, random variables Calculation of probablities. The use of 

and their types, distributions. 

3. Binomial, Poisson, uniform and 

normal distribution and their 

properties. 

4. Statistical estimation, 

confidence intervals. 

5. Testing hypotheses, 

significance. One-sample t- 

test. 

6. Paired and Independent 

samples t-tests. 

7. Errors in hypothesis tests TEST I. 

8. Comparing the mean of 

several gourps: one-way 

analysis of variance. 


10. Relationship between 

continuous variables, 

correlation, linear regression. 

a computer program. 

The use of statistical tables - standard 

normal distribution. 

Calculation of the confidence interval 

for a population mean. The use of the 

t-table. 

Practice of one-sample t-test using 

experimental data. 

Practice of t-tests using experimental 

data. The meaning of significance, p- 

value. 

Independent t-tests and one-way 

ANOVA. Multiple comparisons. 

Scatterplot, trend-line in EXCEL. 

http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~lane/stat_si 

m/reg_by_eye

136 


Evaluation of a 2x2 table by hand 

calculation and by computer 

Calculation of sensutitvity, specificity, 

positive and negative predictive value. 

11. Relationship between 

categorical variables: the chisquare 

test for independence 

12. The use of 2x2 tables in 

diagnostic tests. The chisquare-test 

for goodness of fit. 

13. Nonparametric methods. Statistical tests on ranks. 

14. Summary TEST II. 

15. Examples from the literature Practical questions of applied 

biostatistics. 

ADVANCED BIOSTATISTICS 


LECTURE 

PRACTICE 

( 1 hrs/week) (1 hrs/week) 

1. Introduction: summary of 

basic biostatistics 

The mean concepts of biostatisitcs. 

Statistical computer systems. 

2. Nonparametric methods for 

two ore more dependent or 

The choice of the appropriate 

statistical method and its evaluation 

independent data 

3. Multiple linear regression, Data sets with several independent 

linear models 

4. Comparison of several 

independent group-means: 

two-way ANOVA 

5. Two-way ANOVA with 

interaction 

6. Comparison of several related 

group-menad: repeated 

measures ANOVA 

variables (i.e., risc factors) 

Data sets and problems when two-way 

ANOVA is appropriate 

Understanding the concept of 

interaction 

Data sets and problems for repeated 

measurements ANOVA 

7. Summary TEST I: solving two problems, main 

results and interpretation 

8. Diagnostic tests. Specificity, Calculation of the diagnostic measures 

sensitivity, PPV, NPV, Accuracy 

9. Biostatistical methods in 

epidemiology, relative risk, 

odds ratio 

Calculation of RR and OR by hand and 

by computer. Comparison of methods. 


11. Logistic regression: equation, 

use, meaning 

12. Logistic regression: diagnostc 

accuracy ROC curve 

Simple logistic regression problem 

soving by computer program 

Examples from the medical literature: 

the use of ligistic regression to find 

risc factors of an illness. 


decision making by computer 


classification of cases or variables 

13. Multivariate methods: 

discriminant analysis 

14. Multivariate methods: cluster 

analysis 

15. Summary TEST II: solving two simple problems, 

main results and interpretation. 



PRACTICE 

(3 hrs/week) 

1. Gynaecology. The external and 

internal female genital organs. 

Revising the Possessive 

Structure.


2. The most frequent complaints 

and diseases in the field of 

gynaecology. Practising basic 

doctor-patient situations: roleplay, 

history taking in 

Gynaecology. 

3. Asking the patient about her 

menstruation cycle and 

history. Revision of Whquestions. 

4. Obstetrics. Taking history 

concerning previous 

pregnancies. Deliveries and 

abortions. Complaints during 

pregnancy. 

5. Patient examination at the 

Department of Obstetrics and 

Gynaecology. General and 

specific instructions to 

patients. Sending the patient 

for further investigations. 

6. Practising basic doctor-patient 


taking in Obstetrics and 

Gynaecology. Revising the 

Indefinite Pronouns. 

7. Orthopaedics. The human 

skeleton. Major bones and 

joints. Revising the name of 

extremities and their parts. 

Mid-term test. 

8. The most frequent locomotor 

diseases. Briefing simple 

English case histories in the 

field of Orthopaedics in 

Hungarian. 


10. General and specific questions 

and patient examination in 

Orthopaedics. Giving 

instructions. Revising the 

Imperative. 

11. Specific treatment modalities 

in orthopaedic conditions. 

Revising Time Adverbials. 



taking in Orthopaedics. 


taken from the field of 

Orthopaedics in Hungarian. 

13. Urology. The most common 

conditions and diseases in the 

field of Urology: cystitis, 

kidney stones, pyelonephritis. 

14. Patient examination in 

Urology. Giving instructions 

and sending the patient for 

further investigations. Revising 

Adverbs of Manner. 



taking in Urology.

138 



taken from the field of Urology 

in Hungarian. Final tests 

(written and oral). 


PRACTICE 

(3 hrs/week) 

1. Pulmonology. The structure of 

the respiratory system. 

Revising the name of body 

parts. 

2. The most frequent abnormal 

conditions and diseases in 

Pulmonology. Revising the 

vocabulary of breathing 

problems, coughing and 

sputum. 

3. History taking, patient 

examination and specific 

instructions in the field of 

Pulmonology. 



history taking and examination 

of patients with respiratory 

problems. Giving advice to 

patients concerning 



from the field of Pulmonology. 

5. Neurology. Parts of the 

nervous system. Revising Time 

Clauses. 

6. Some diseases of the nervous 

system. Most frequent patient 

complaints at the Neurology 

Department. Symptoms and 

signs of certain neurological 

conditions. 

7. History taking and patient 

examination in Neurology. 

Giving specific instructions to 

patients. Mid-term test. 


communication at the 

Neurology Department: roleplaying 

history taking and 

discussing possible treatment 

methods with the patient. 

Revising the Conditional Mood. 

Briefing simple English case 

histories taken from the field 

of Neurology in Hungarian. 

9. Paediatrics. Asking the child’s 

parents about symptoms and 

signs. Giving advice 

concerning treatment options. 

Revising the Auxiliary Verbs. 

10. SPRING BREAK


11. The most common paediatric 

problems. Discussing and 

arguing with parents. Revising 

vocabulary in connection with 

delivery and breast feeding. 

12. Acute cases in the field of 

paediatrics. Interviewing 

parents presenting their child 

with accidents, meningitis or 

febrile convulsion. 

Management of acute cases. 




advice to patients’ parents 

concerning treatment and 



from the field of Paediatrics. 

Explaining medical procedures 

and giving advice to patients. 

14. General revision. Practising 

doctor-patient dialogues in all 

covered medical fields. 

15. Revision. Practising doctorpatient 

situations that can 

emerge at medical and 

surgical departments. 

Interviewing and examining 

patients, sending them for 

further investigations, giving 

advice on diet, life style and 

medication. Final test. 

TROPICAL DISEASES 


LECTURE 

(2 hrs/week) 

1. Bactrial infections acquired 

through the gastrointestinal 

tract 

2. Plaque, tularemia, melioidosis 

3. Special aspects of viral 

diseases in tropical areas 

4. Sexually transmitted diseases. 

AIDS in Africa 

5. Tuberculosis, leprosy 

6. Special non-infectious diseases 

in tropical areas 

7. Leishmaniasis, 

trypanosomiasis (Chagas' 

disease) 

8. Endemic treponematoses, 

leptospirosis, other spirochetal 

diseases 

9. Schistosomiasis 

10. Spring Break 

11. Malaria 

12. Rabies and slow viruses

140 


13. Special parasitic diseases 

common in tropical areas 

(Toxoplasma gondii, E. 

histolytica, Echinococcus, 

Taenia) 

14. Laboratory seminar at the 

Institute of Clinical 

Microbiology 

15. Laboratory seminar at the 

Institute of Clinical 

Microbiology 

LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICS 

8th semester 

TUTORIAL (2 

hours/week): Solving and 

discussing clinical cases 

1. Interpretation of laboratory 

results: using reserach 

evidence in diagnostic practice 

2. Acid-base balance disorders: 

diagnosis and treatment of 

acute cases, combined acidbase 

disorders, discussion of 

complex cases 

3. Disorders of water, sodium 

and potassium balance: 

diagnosis and treatment of 

osmoregulatory defects and 

hypo-, and hyperkalaemia and 

-natraemia 

4. Bone and calcium metabolism: 

Causes of hypo- and 

hypercalcaemia, diagnostic 

algorithms 

5. Laboratory diagnosis of renal 

diseases: Managing patients 

with acute and chronic renal 

failure, diagnosis of impaired 

glomerular and tubular 

function. Differential diagnosis 

of proteinuria 


diabetes mellitus: diagnosis 

and treatment of acute cases, 

problems with the laboratory 

monitoring of long-term 

outcomes 

7. Cardiovascular risk assessment 

and laboratory management of 

patients with cardiovascular 

diseases: case discussions – 

Evidence-based practice of 

AMI, acute coronary syndrome 

and congestive heart failure. 

Differential diagnosis of acute 

chest pain and dyspnoea. 

8. The role of laboratory in 

oncology: tumor markers and 

their use in practice


9. Case presentations in 

endocrinology – a case 

oriented approach: Functional 

tests and diagnostic 

algorithms in the investigation 

of endocrine abnormalities 



coagulation disorders: Cases 

on the diagnosis of thromboembolic 

events (DVT, PE, 

congenital thrombophilias, 

lupus anticoagulant and antiphospholipid 

syndrome) and 

bleeding disorders 

12. Haematology cases: 

differential diagnosis of 

anaemia, diagnosis of 

monoclonal gammopathies, 

use of flow cytometry in 

haemato-oncology 

13. Therapeutic drug monitoring: 

Role of TDM in patients 

treated with lithium, digoxin, 

antibiotics and 

immunosuppressive 

medications. 

14. Toxicology: Cases on drug 

overdose and ingestion of 

toxic substances. 

SURGERY 


LECTURE 

PRACTICE 

* Surgery of the rectum The syllabus of the practicals are 


* Surgery of the large intestine The patients examinations and the 



lectures. 

* Benign disease of the thyroid 

gland 



* Ileus mechanicus 

* Cancer of the thyroid gland 

* Other endocrine malignancies 

* Organ transplantation 

* Appendicitis 

* Peritonitis 

PAEDIATRICS 


LECTURE 

PRACTICE 

* The ill child and his doctor History taking, Iatrogenic infections 

* The interview, The problems, 

Mortality 

Examination of the child and infant, 

Rickets, tetany 

* Genes Newborn, preterm and small for dates 

infants

142 


* Chromosomes and 

O2, incubator, mechanical ventillation 

chromosome abnormalities, 

Common autosomal 

abnormalities, Common sex 

chromosome abnormalities, 

Single gene (Mendelian) 

inheritance, Multifactorial 

(polygenic) inheritance, 

Recent advances in molecular 

genetics, Genetic counselling 

* Fetus Paediatric surgery: malformations 

* Periconceptional medicine, Developmental and nutritional state 

The placenta, Examination of 

the fetus, Drugs which cross 

the placenta, Fetal 

transplacental infections, 

Infections acquired during 

passage through the birth 

canal, Maternal 

immunoglobulins 

* Newborn Healthy babies' care and nutrition 

* Routine examination of the Prevention and treatment of infections 

newborn, Birth injuries, Birth 

asphyxia, Size at birth, 

Respiratory problems in the 

newborn, Jaundice in the 

newborn, Gastrointestinal 

problems, Neural tube 

anomalies, Cleft lip and palate, 

Neonatal infections, Neonatal 

convulsions and jitters 

* Nutrition Immunological procedures, tuberculin 

* Breast feeding, Artificial 

feeding, Feeding problems, 

Nutritional deficiencies, 

Malnutrition, Obesity 

test 

Management of the poisoned child 

* Infection Treatment of burns, shock, 

unconsciousness 

* Measles, Rubella, Mumps, 

Chicken pox (Varicella), 

Herpes simplex infections, 

Glandular fever, Kawasaki 

disease (mucocutaneous 

lymph node syndrome), 

Erythema infectiosum (5th 

disease), Roseola infantum 

(Exanthema subitum), Hand, 

foot and mouth disease, 

Hepatitis A (infectious 

jaundice), Poliomyelitis, 

Diphtheria, Pertussis 

(whooping cough), Scarlet 

fever, Tuberculosis, Malaria, 

Human immunodeficiency 

virus, Immunisation, Immune 

deficiency 

Respiratory tract diseases, Asthma, 

Allergens and respiratory function 

testing 

* Hazards Examination: murmurs, heart failure, 

congenital heart disease 

* Injuries, Burns and scalds, 

Drowning, Choking, Poisoning, 

Other hazard 

Cardiological diagnostics


* Airways and lungs Dehydration, Infusion therapy, 

Malabsorption, Liver diseases 

* Upper respiratory tract 

infections, Upper airway 

obstruction, Lower respiratory 

Paediatric surgery: appendicitis, 

inguinal hernias and disorders of the 

testes 

tract infections, Cystic fibrosis, 

Asthma 

* Heart Diagnosis and treatment of UT, renal 

* Acyanotic lesions with a left to 

right shunt, Atrial septal defect 

(Ostium secundum), Atrial 

septal defect (Ostium 

primum), Ventricular septal 

defect, Patent ductus 

arteriosus, Pulmonary 

hypertension, Obstructive 

lesions, Aortic stenosis, 

Coarctation of the aorta, 

Hypoplastic left heart, 

Pulmonary stenosis, Cyanotic 

heart disease, Fallot tetralogy, 

Transposition of the great 

arteries, Cardiac arrhythmias, 

Subacute bacterial 

endocarditis, Rheumatic fever, 

Hypertension 

Hyperlipoproteinaemia 

diseases 

Emergency treatment, resuscitation, 

intensive care 

* Gut Blood and bone marrow diagnostics, 

anaemia, bleeding disorders, 

Transfusion 

* Acute abdominal pain, 

Recurrent abdominal pain, 

Gastroenteritis, Malabsorption, 

Chronic diarrhoea, Intestinal 

parasites, Constipation, Liver 

disease, Liver enzyme 

deficiencies 

* Urinary tract and testes 

* Renal function tests, Urinary 

tract malformations, Urinary 

tract infections, Haematuria, 

Acute nephritic syndrome, 

Nephrotic syndrome, Renal 

tubular disorders, Acute renal 

failure, Chronic renal failure, 

The testes, The prepuce 

* Blood 

* Iron deficiency anaemia, 

Aplastic anaemia, Haemolytic 

anaemias, Bleeding disorders

144 



LECTURE 

* Malignancy 

* The management of children 

with cancer, Acute leukaemia, 

Lymphomas, Neuroblastoma, 

Brain and spinal tumors, Soft 

tissue sarcomas, Renal 

tumors, Germ cell tumors, 

Bone tumors, Other tumors, 

Histiocytic disorders 

* Growth 

* Head growth, Height and 

weight, Short stature, 

Excessive height 

* Endocrine 

* Puberty, Disorders of sexual 

differentiation, Adrenal glands, 

Thyroid, Parathyroid glands, 

Diabetes, Hypoglycaemia 

* Skin 

* Rashes of early infancy, Atopic 

eczema, Infections and 

infestations, Congenital skin 

lesions, Other common skin 

disorders 

* Bone and joint 

* Arthritis, Osteomyelitis, 

Normal postural variations, 

Scoliosis, Hip disorders, Knee 

disorders, Talipes (clubfoot), 

Genetic bone and joint 

disorders, Bone tumors and 

allied disorders 

* Brain, cord, nerve, muscle 

* Intracranial infection, 

Encephalitis, Epilepsy and 

convulsions, Neuromuscular 

disorders, Headache, Ataxia, 

Cerebral palsy 

* Vision, hearing, speech 

* Hearing, Speech and language 

* Mental handicap 

* The identification and 

treatment of mentally 

handicapped children, 

Mentabolic and other cerebral 

degenerative disorders, 

Specific treatment and general 

management 

* Emotions and behavior 

* Brain disorders, The 

interaction between the child 

and his world, Behavioral 

problems, Emotional disorders, 

Management, The 

maltreatment of children


HEALTH AND SOCIAL POLICY 


PRACTICE 

(2 hrs/week) 

1. The aim and task of social and 

health policy. The basic 

principles of health policy. 

Models of health politics. 

2. Health care services in 

European and North American 

countries. 

3. The influence of international 

organisations (World Health 

Organisation, World Bank) on 

national health policies. 

4. Social policy in welfare states, 

case studies 

5. The role of national and 

regional level health care 

systems in general and local 

decision making. 

6. Local health policy – case 

studies. 

7. Management of resources 

(human, fiancial, 

infrastructural) in health care. 

8. Human resource management 

in health care. 

9. The structure and function of 

social policy in Europe (social 

insurance, pension systems 

etc.). 


11. The practical aspects of social 

policy. 

12. Economic and societal 

correlations of social and 

health policy: relationships of 

social support and health 

policy. 

13. Social policy of high-risk 

populations (immigrants, 

ethnicities, unemployed, etc.). 

14. Dilemmas in social and health 

policy and their possible 

solutions. 

15. The evaluation of the social 

and health care reforms from 

the beginning of ’90s – world 

tendencies. 

NEUROLOGY 


LECTURE 

PRACTICE 

(1 hr/week) (2 hrs/week) 

1. a. Introduction. History of 

neurology. b. Physical 

examination. Neurological 

status. 

Neurological investigation related to 

the lecture

146 


2. a. The organization of the 

sensory system. b. Pain. 

3. The organization of the motor 

system. 

4. Spinal cord. Neurological 

localization. 

5. Brainstem. Neurological 

localization. 

6. Cerebellum. Neurological 

localization. 

7. Cerebral cortex. Frontal lobe. 

Neurological localization. 

8. Temporal lobe. Neurological 

localization. 


10. a./ Parietal and occipital lobes. 

Neurological localization. b./ 

Vegetative nervous system. 

11. Cerebrospinal fluid. Diagnostic 

methods. 

12. Neurovascular system. 

Neurological localization. 

13. Extrapyramidal system. 

Neurologicallocalization. 

14. a./ Electrical activity and 

examination of muscles and 

nerves b. Modern 

neuroradiological diagnostic 

methods. 

15. Review of basic neurology 

knowledge 


the lecture 


the lecture 


the lecture 


the lecture 


the lecture 


the lecture 


the lecture 


the lecture 


the lecture 


the lecture 


the lecture 


the lecture 


the lecture 


LECTURE 

PRACTICE 

(2 hrs/ 2week) (2 hrs/2week) 

1. Cerebrovascular disorders I. Neurological investigation related to 

the lecture 

2. Cerebrovascular disorders II. 

3. Epilepsies. Epilepsies. Sleep Neurological investigation related to 

disturbances. 

the lecture 

4. Muscle and motoneuron Neurological investigation related to 

disorders. 

the lecture 

5. Neuroinflammatory disorders. 

6. Multiple sclerosis 

7. Extrapyramidal disorders I. 

8. Extrapyramidal disorders II. Neurological investigation related to 

the lecture 


10. Intensive neurology. Tumors 

of the central nervous system. 

11. Neurorehabilitation. 

12. Diagnosis and treatment of 

headaches. 

13. Pathomechanism of 

neurodegenerative disorders. 

14. Dementias. Neurology in 

general medical practice. 

Novel therapies in neurology. 


the lecture 


the lecture 


the lecture


PSYCHIATRY 


LECTURE 

PRACTICE 

1 hr/week 1hr/week 

1. The psychiatric examination Psychiatric investigation related to the 

lecture 

2. Psychodynamic aspects of 

mental disturbances 

Psychiatric investigation related to the 

lecture 

3. Psychopathology of perception 

and affect 


lecture 

4. Pathology of cognitive and 

psychomotor functions 


lecture 

5. Biological foundation of 

psychiatry 


lecture 

6. Principles of social psychiatry Psychiatric investigation related to the 

lecture 

7. Behavioural approach to 

psychiatry 


lecture 

8. Genetic and neurochemical 

concepts in psychiatry 


lecture 


10. Affective (mood) disorders: 

depression 


lecture 

11. Mania and bipolar affective 

disorders 


lecture 

12. Cyclothymia and dysthymia Psychiatric investigation related to the 

lecture 

13. Clinical aspects of 

schizophrenia 


lecture 

14. Etiology and therapy of 

schizophrenia 


lecture 

15. Paranoid disorders Psychiatric investigation related to the 

lecture 


LECTURE 

PRACTICE 

2 hrs/week 1 hr/week 

1. Organic mental disorders Psychiatric investigation related to the 

lecture 

2. Dementia states Psychiatric investigation related to the 

lecture 

3. Psychoactive substance abuse Psychiatric investigation related to the 

lecture 

4. Psychosomatic diseases Psychiatric investigation related to the 

lecture 

5. Psychosexual disorders Psychiatric investigation related to the 

lecture 

6. Personality disorders Psychiatric investigation related to the 

lecture 

7. Anxiety states. Neurosis I. Psychiatric investigation related to the 

lecture 

8. Anxiety states. Neurosis II. Psychiatric investigation related to the 

lecture 

9. Psychotherapeutic methods Psychiatric investigation related to the 

lecture 


11. Psychopharmacologic Psychiatric investigation related to the 

treatments 

12. Child and adolescent 

psychiatry 

lecture 


lecture

148 


13. Sleep disorders Psychiatric investigation related to the 

lecture 

14. Geriatric psychiatry Psychiatric investigation related to the 

lecture 

15. Ethics and law in psychiatry Psychiatric investigation related to the 

lecture 

FORENSIC MEDICINE 


LECTURE 

PRACTICE 


1. Introduction. Historical Autopsy 

development and international 

relations of forensic medicine. 

2. Changes after death. The time Autopsy 

of death. Post mortem 

changes. Signs of death. 

3. Recommendation on autopsy Autopsy 

rules. 

4. What to do with a dead body? Autopsy 

5. Legal procedure. Histology 

6. Type of injuries. Abrasion, Autopsy 

bruises, lacerations, blunt, 

incised, slash and stab 

wounds. 

7. Firearm wounds. Elements of Autopsy 

ballistics. Reconstruction in 

shooting cases. 

8. Heat, cold injury. Burns and Autopsy 

scalds. Electrocution. 


10. Radiation injuries. Autopsy 

11. Legal responsibilities. Forensic psychiatry 

12. Sexual offences. Autopsy 

13. Asphyxia, suffocation gagging, Toxicology 

choking, drowning, 

strangulation, hanging, 

traumatic asphyxia. 

14. Infanticide Autopsy 

15. Written test Autopsy 


LECTURE 

PRACTICE 


1. Mass disaster Autopsy 

2. Traffic accidents I. Autopsy 

3. Traffic accidents II. Autopsy 

4. Identification of the living and Autopsy 

of the dead. 

5. Forensic aspects of alcohol Autopsy 

abuse 

6. Forensic aspects of drug abuse Toxicology 

7. Psychiatric aspects of chronic Autopsy 

alcoholism and drug abuse 

98 DNA investigation in forensic DNA laboratory 

medical practice 

9. Toxicology Autopsy 


11. Medical responsibility. Medical Autopsy 

negligence. Malpractice. 

12. Insurance medicine Autopsy


13. Suicide Autopsy 

14. Medico-legal aspects of Investigation on human remains 

insanity 

15. Consultation Autopsy 

PUBLIC HEALTH 


LECTURE 

PRACTICE 


1. Epidemiology of smoking, Life style as a health influencing factor 

alcohol and drug consumption 

2. Basics of nutritional hygiene: 

nutritional deficiencies and 

Role of physicians in the prevention of 

smoking 

their prevention 

3. Toxic substances in food Practical aspects of nutritional hygiene 

4. Human ecology; air pollutants 

and their effects on human 

health 

Visiting a factory 

5. Drinking and surface water - 

water pollutants; waste water, 

soil pollution 

6. Settlement hygiene, 

urbanisation 

7. General occupational health 

and ergonomy. Health effects 

of excesses of workplace 

temperature and pressure 


9. Health effects of noise and 

vibration. Health effects of 

dusts, occupational 

pneumoconioses 

10. Health effects of ionizing and 

non-ionizing radiation 

11. General toxicology. Toxicology 

of metals. 

12. Toxicology of solvents and 

gases. 

13. Toxicology of further toxic 

substances (carcinogens, 

dioxins, plastics etc.). 

Environmental hygienic practice I.: 

examining health damaging effects of 

air pollution 

Environmental hygienic practice II.: - 

examining health damaging effects of 

surface and drinking water pollution 

Effects of unemployment on health 

Practical aspects of occupational 

hygiene. Occupational safety, accident 

prevention 



Environmental and occupational 

toxicology I.: health effects of 

inorganic toxic substances and their 

prevention 

Environmental and occupational 

toxicology II.: health effects of organic 

toxic substances and their prevention 

14. Toxicology of agrochemicals. Occupational and environmental risk 

assessment and management, 

biomarkers. Havaria. 

15. Structure and operation of the 

health care systems: the 

health services in different 

countries 

DERMATOLOGY 


Intervention strategies in public health 

(population-based programmes, 

personal preventive services, etc.) 

LECTURE 

PRACTICE 


1. Introduction. The anatomy 

and physiology of the skin. 

Types of skin lesions. 

Examination of patients with 

dermatological diseases. Case 

presentations.

150 


2. Basic immunpathologic 

reactions. Urticaria. Drug 

allergy. 

3. Atopic dermatitis. Contact dermatitis 

and other eczematous 

reactions. Viral diseases. 

4. Bacterial diseases with cutan 

involvement. Fungal diseases 

with cutaneous involvement. 

5. Tuberculosis of the skin. 

Sexually transmitted diseases. 

Syphilis. Gonorrhoea. 

6. AIDS. Scabies, pediculosis. 

Tropical skin diseases. 

7. Psoriasis. Papulosquamosus 

diseases. Thermally injured 

skin. 

8. Vesiculobullosus diseases. 

Acne, rosacea, perioral 

dermatitis. 


10. Disorders of collagen and 

tissue. Vasculitis, purpuric 

conditions. 

11. Cutaneous manifestations in 

metabolic disorders. Benign 

malign tumours of the skin. 

12. Tumours of mesodermal 

origin. Melanoma malignum. 

Differential diagosis of 

pigmented lesions. 

13. Disorders of the vasculature. 

Granulomas. Disorders with 

abnormal keratinization. The 

skin in systemic disease. 

14. Disorders of the hair and nails. 

UV-induced dermatoses. Laser 

therapy in dermatology. 

15. Local therapy in dermatology. 

Systemic therapy in 

dermatology. Dermatosurgery. 

Primary and secondary lesions. Case 

presentations. 

Special tools and techniques in 

Dermatology (Wood-lights, diascopy, 

dermatoscopy) Case presentations. 

Special tests in Dermatology I.In vitro 

and in vivo (skin) tests in allergic 

disorders. Case presentations. 

Special tests in Dermatology II. 

Diagnosis of infectious diseases. Case 


Special tests in Dermatology. 

Diagnosis and treatment of STD. Case 


Special tests in Dermatology III. 

Diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. 

Case presentations. 

Skin biopsy, histological examinations 

in Dermatology. Case presentations. 

Topical therapy in Dermatology. Case 


Physical therapies in Dermatology I. 

Surgical excision, currettage, 

electrodessication, cryotherapy, 

radiotherapy. Case presentations. 

Physical therapies in Dermatology II. 

Phototherapy, lasertherapy. Case 


Physical therapies of venous and 

lymphatic insufficienties. Case 


Systemic therapy in Dermatology. 

Case presentations. 

Case presentations and discussions. 

OTO-RHINO-LARYNGOLOGY 


LECTURE 

* Oto-rhino-laryngology in 

medicine. 

History of oto-rhinolaryngology. 

* Anatomy and physiology of 

the ear. 

* Diseases of the external ear 

and their treatment. 

* Acute inflammation of the 

middle ear. 

* Complications of acute otitis 

media. 

PRACTICE 

Examination equipment in oto-rhinolaryngology. 

Practice in use of forehead mirror and 

ear speculum. 

Examination of the external auditoy 

meatus and eardrum. 

Practice in cleaning the external 

meatus. Diseases of the external 

meatus. Ear drops. Examination of the 

Eustachian tube. 

Demonstration of eardrum perforations 

and various ear diseases.


* Non-suppurative diseases of 

the middle ear. 

* Chronic otitis media. 

Complications of chronic otitis 

media. 

* Reconstruction of the hearing 

mechanism. 

* Anatomy of the inner ear. The 

vestibular and cochlear 

system. 

* Examination of hearing and 

the vestibular system. 

* Diseases of the inner ear: 

toxic damage to the ear, 

inflammatory and vascular 

lesions of the inner ear. 

Acoustic trauma. Meniere's 

disease. 

* Diseases of the inner ear: 

acoustic neuroma, temporal 

bone fractures. 

* Anatomy of the nose and 

nasal sinuses. 

* Diseases of the external nose 

and the nasal cavity. 

* Sinusitis. Treatment and 

complications. Fractures of the 

sinuses. 

* Haemorrhage from the nose. 

Tumors of the nose and 

paranasal sinuses. 

* Anatomy of the pharynx. 

Diseases of the nasopharynx. 

* Adenoid hyperplasia. Benign 

and malignant nasopharyngeal 

tumors. 

* Acute and chronic 

inflammatory diseases of the 

pharynx. 

* Acute and chronic tonsillitis. 

Peritonsillar abscess and 

complications. 

* Indications of tonsillectomy. 

Tumors of mesopharynx. 

* Functional anatomy of the 

larynx. Acute and chronic 

diseases of the larynx. 

* Injuries of the larynx. Paralysis 

of the larynx. 

* Tumors of the hypopharynx 

and the larynx. 

X-ray, CT, MR pictures of the ear. 

Examination of hearing by means of 

tuning forks. 

Measurement of hearing loss. The 

usual method of recording hearing by 

audiometer. Demonstration of various 

types of pure-tone audiograms. 

Hearing aids. 

Demonstrations of otoneurological 

examinations. 

Clinical examination of the nose and 

nasal cavity. Practice in using nasal 

speculum. Posterior rhinoscopy. 

Demonstration of diseases of nasal 

cavity. Treatment of nasal injuries. 

Haemorrhage from the nose. 

Treatment of epistaxis. Use of nasal 

sinuses. Demonstration of Bellocq 

pack. 

Treatment of sinusitis. Nasal drops. X- 

ray, CT, MR pictures of nasal sinuses. 

Demonstration of puncture of the 

maxillary sinus. Differential diagnosis 

of headache. 

Examination of the mouth and 

pharynx. Demonstration of pharyngeal 

diseases. 

Demonstration of tumors in the larynx 

and hypopharynx. 

Examination of the larynx. 

Demonstration of laryngeal diseases. 

Anaesthesia in oto-rhino-laryngology. 

Demonstration of patients after 

tracheostomy. Cleaning of 

tracheostomy tube. 

Demonstration of esophagoscopes and 

bronchoscopes. The method of 

introducing the naso-esophageal 

nutrition tube. Differential diagnosis of 

neck nodes in practice.

152 


* Classifications of malignant 

laryngeal tumors. 

* Treatment of laryngeal 

tumors. 

* Diseases of the oesophagus 

and the inferior respiratory 

tract. 

* Differential diagnosis of neck 

nodes. 

NEUROSURGERY 


LECTURE 

PRACTICE 


1. Introduction to neurosurgery. Material of the lectures in practice. 

History, main topics, 

diagnostic procedures. 

2. Head injury. Head trauma, Material of the lectures in practice. 

biomechanics, skull fractures, 

early and late complications, 

management, outcome. 

3. Tumors of the CNS. Increased Material of the lectures in practice. 

intracranial pressure, brain 

oedema, signs and symptoms 

of space-occupying lesions. 

4. Supratentorial tumors. Material of the lectures in practice. 

5. Axial-tumors, tumors of the Material of the lectures in practice. 

posterior fossa. 

6. Tumors of the spine and spinal Material of the lectures in practice. 

cord, metastatic tumors. 

7. Vascular disorders of the Material of the lectures in practice. 

brain. Pathophysiology of 

cerebral circulation, occlusive 

cerebrovascular diseases, 

operative versus conservative 

treatment, intracerebral 

haemorrhage. 

8. Subarachnoid bleeding, Material of the lectures in practice. 

cerebral aneurysms, early and 

late surgery, arteriovenous 

malformations cavernomas of 

the brain, venous anomalies. 

9. Spinal trauma. Biomechanics, Material of the lectures in practice. 

acute pathology, early and late 

surgery versus conservative 

treatment, peripheral nerve 

injuries. 


11. Cervicobrachial syndromes. Material of the lectures in practice. 

Herniation of the intervertebral 

disc in the cervical region, 

cervical spondylosis, narrowed 

spinal canal, surgical versus 

conservative therapy. 

12. Lumbar syndromes. Low back 

pain, lumbar disc prolaps, 

spondylosis of the lumbar 

region, failed back syndrome. 

Material of the lectures in practice.


13. Congenital anomalies. CSF 

circulatory disturbances, 

hydrocephalus, meningoceles, 

Chiari-malformation, pediatric 

neurosurgery. 

14. Surgery of the pain. Surgical 

repair of abnormal functions 

15. Exam 

Material of the lectures in practice. 

Material of the lectures in practice. 

OPHTALMOLOGY 


LECTURE 

PRACTICE 


1. The eye and systemic diseases General Practical 

2. Essentials of anatomy and General Practical 

physiology, Optics and 

refraction 

3. The lids and the lacrimal General Practical 

system, The conjuctiva 

4. The cornea, The lens Angio 

5. The iris, The choroid Strabismus 

6. The retina Contactlens 

7. The vitreous, Retinal 

General Practical 

detachment 

8. Optic nerve diseases, 

Elektrophys 

Neuroophthalmology 

9. Strabismus, The child with MTO 

suspected eye disease 


11. Glaucoma, The Sclera, the Eximer 

orbita 

12. Acute painless visual 


disturbance, Chronic loss of 

vision 

13. Chronic ocular unease, The General Practical 

acute red eyes 

14. Ocular injuries General Practical 

15. Ophthalmology through on the 

world 


UROLOGY 


LECTURE 

PRACTICE 

(1hr/week) 

(2hrs/week) 

1. Signs and symptoms urological Case history, physical examination. 

diseases. Case history and the Case presentation. 

physical examination. 

2. Congenital anomalies. Signs and symptoms of the urology 

patient. Case presentation. 

3. Urolithiasis. Catheters and endoscopic instruments. 

4. Written examination. Endoscopy. 

5. Urotraumatology. Percutaneous epicystostomy and 

nephrostomy. 

6. Acute and chronic renal ESWL. 

failure. 

7. Nonspecific infections in the Uro-radiology. 

urology. 

8. Tumors of the kidney and Physical examinations of patients. 

ureter. 

9. Tumors of the bladder. Laboratory investigations in the 

urology.

154 



11. Tumors of the external male 

genitalia. 

Biopsy from bladder, prostate and 

testis. 

12. Tumors of the prostate. Evaluation of sonography. 

13. BPH. Physical examinations. Case reports. 

14. Acute urology. Visit to operating theatre. 

15. Consultation Acute urology 

CLINICAL GENETICS 


LECTURE 

* The subject of clinical genetics 

* Mendelien inheritance in man 

* Mutations, mutagenetic effects 

* Teratogenesis 

* Dominant diseases 

* Recessive disorders 

* X-linked diseases 

* Pharmacogenetics 

* Multifactorial inheritance 

* Autosomal disorders 

* Sex determination and sex 

chromosomal disorders 

* Genetic counselling 

* Prenatal diagnostics 

TRAUMATOLOGY 


LECTURE 

* General traumatology. Injuries 

of soft tissues. Types of 

fractures. Bone bealing. 

Methods of managing 

fractures. Early and late 

complications of the fractures 

and dislocations. 

* Fractures and dislocations 

about the shoulder, humerus 

and elbow. 

* Fractures of the olecranon, 

radius and ulna. General hand 

surgery. Fractures and 

dislocations of the hand. 

* Surgical management of soft 

tissue injuries. Treatment of 

tendon injuries. Skin ijuries. 

Treatment of skin defects. 

Plastic reconstructive surgery 

of the hand. 

* Injuries of the peripheral 

nerves. Nerve degeneration 

and regeneration. 

Microsurgical treatment of 

peripheral nerve injuries. 

Amputations. Replantation, 

revascularisation and 

microvascular plastic surgical 

methods. 

PRACTICE 

Clinical examination of the injured 

patient. Additional clinical 

investigations. X-ray examination. 

Principles of fracture treatment. First 

aid. Treatment of uncomplicated 

closed fractures. 

Plaster technique. Synthetic splinting. 

Other external splints. 

Operative treatment of fractures. 

Presentation of cases. 

Complications of fractures. Delayed 

union. Non-union. Avasular necrosis. 

Osteoarthritis. Reflex sympathetic 

dystrophy.


* Injuries of the vertebral 

column with and without 

neurological spinal cord 

defect. Surgical stabilization of 

the vertebral fractures. 

* Head injuries. Fractures, 

epidural, subdural and 

intracerebral hematomas. First 

aid diagnosis and treatment. 

* Fractures of the hip joint, 

intracapsular fractures of the 

femoral head. 

Intertrochanteric fractures. 

Fractures of the femur and 

patella. 

* Pelvic injuries. Fractures of the 

acetabulum. Examination of 

the knee joint. Injuries of the 

knee joint. Ligamentous 

injuries. Meniscal ruptures. 

Arthroscopy of the knee joint. 

Sport traumatology. 

* Fractures of the tibial 

condyles. Closed and open 

injuries of the tibial shaft. 

Complications. 

* Fractures and dislocations 

about the ankle and foot. 

* Politraumatization and multiple 

injuries. First aid and 

transportation. Priorities in 

polytrauma. Primary and 

secondary treatment of 

fractures. 

* Thoracic and abdominal 

injuries. Treatment of open 

and blunt traumas. Intensive 

therapy of injured patients. 

Joint injuries. Dislocation and 

subluxation. Diagnosis, complications, 

treatment. 

Head injuries. Diagnosis, treatment. 

Visit at the intensive care unit. 

Spine injuries. Cervical spine injuries. 

Halo-thoracic support. Paraplegia and 

tetraplegia. 

Shoulder, upper arm and elbow 

injuries. 

Forearm, wrist and hand. Fractures 

and soft tissue injuries. 

Peripheral nerve injuries. Microsurgical 

treatment. Brachial plexus injuries. 

Plevic fractures. Fractures of the 

femoral neck. Intertrochaenteric 

fractures. Treatment of the femoral 

fractures. 

Knee injuries. Arthroscopy. Meniscal 

tear. Rupture of ACL. 

* Leg, ankle and foot injuries. Methods 

of treatment. Special fractures in 

children. 



LECTURE 

* The structure and the 

functions of the immune 

system. The biological 

significance of the self 

recognition. 

* Methods for clinical 

immunological investigations. 

* Immune-mediated tissue 

damage. The role of cytokines. 

* Immunology of allergic 

diseases. 

* Autoimmunity - Health and 

disease. The autoimmune 

diseases. 

* Immunhaematology. 

* Connective tissue disorders 

and joint diseases.

156 


* Organ specific autoimmune 

diseases. 

* Detection of histocompatibility 

antigens and their 

pathogenetic significance. 

Transplantation immunology. 

Reproductive immunology. 

* Immundeficiencies. The 

immunology of HIV infection. 

* Tumor immunology. 

* Neuroimmunology. 

* Immune manipulation. 



LECTURE 

This course aims at improving diagnostic and differential diagnostic skills by transferring clinical 

knowledge of how and when to request laboratory tests, and how to interpret test results in 

view of clinical data and patient presentation. The skills are obtained in an interactive, problemoriented 

manner, based on discussions of clinical case scenarios. Theoretical knowledge 

obtained in biochemistry, physiology, pathophysiology and pathology is integrated with clinical 

knowledge, therefore active participation of students in solving problems is required in this 

course. 

* Key topics include: 

* General principles of 

laboratory medicine. Phases of 

the testing cycle: preanalytical, 

analytical, postanalytical 

phases: 

* Preanalytical phase: test 

selection, patient 

identification, sampling, 

specimen identification, 

preservation, and transport, 

rejection of inadequate 

specimen, preparation and 

storage. Strategies in ordering 

laboratory tests 

* Analytical phase: measurment 

procedure, accuracy, 

precision, reproductibility of 

laboratory methods. 

* Postanalytical phase: reporting 

of results, normal reference 

value/range and its 

dependence on sex, age, 

external factors, etc. Mesures 

of diagnostic accuracy of tests: 

sensitivity and specificity, 

likelihood ratio, predictive 

values, the ROC curve, preand 

post-test probability. 

Clinically significant differences 

based on analytical precision, 

biological variation, medical 

decision limits and plausibility 

controls. 

* Errors in laboratory testing: 

common preanalytic, analytic 

and postanalytic errors and 

their elimination.


* Acid-base balance disorders: 

diagnosis and differential 

diagnosisi of different forms of 

acidosis, alkalosis; mixed acidbase 

disorders 

* Laboratory diagnosis of 

sodium and water metabolism: 

Effect of diuretics on sodium 

and water balance, disorders 

of osmolar regulation. Hypo-, 

and hypernatremia: causes 

and differential diagnosis, 

SIADH, diabetes insipidus, 

laboratory diagnosis of 

oedema 

* Disorders of potassium 

metabolism: causes, 

differential diagnosis and 

treatment of hypo- and 

hyperkalemia 


myocardial infarction: Classical 

markers: CK and LDH 

isoenzymes, myoglobin, 

cardiac troponins, significance 

of point of care testing 

* Laboratory diagnosis of acute 

coronary syndrome and heart 

failure: Role of cardiac 

troponins, diagnostic 

algorithms, BNP 


disorders of lipid metabolism: 

Primary, and secondary 

hyperlipidemia, clinical 

significance of cholesterin, TG, 

HDL-C, LDL-C, classification of 

hyperlipidemias, risks of 

atherosclerosis: clinical 

significance of ApoA, ApoB, 

Lp(a), homocystein, fibrinogen 

* Laboratory diagnosis of renal 

diseases: Laboratory tests of 

glomerular and tubular 

functions, laboratory diagnosis 

of proteinuria, acute and 

chronic renal failure, nephrosis 

syndrome, differentiation of 

distal and proximal renal 

tubular acidoses 

* Laboratory diagnosis of liver 

diseases: different forms of 

hepatitis, cirrhosis and 

cholestasis 

* Laboratory diagnosis and 

monitoring of diabetes mellitus 

* Calcium and bone metabolism: 

total and ionized calcium, 

causes and investigation of 

hypo- and hypercalcaemia, 

bone markers.

158 


* Endocrinology I: Laboratory 

diagnosis of disorders of 

endocrine regulation. 

Diseases of hypothalamus, 

hypophysis, thyroid and 

parathyroid glands. 

* Endocrinology II: Laboratory 

diagnosis of disorders of the 

adrenal gland and the 

reproductive system 


coagulation disorders: Basic 

coagulation tests, congenital 

and acquired thrombophilias, 

diagnosis of 

thromboembolism, laboratory 

monitoring of anticoagulant 

therapy 


haematological disorders: 

differential diagnosis of 

anaemia, haemato-oncology, 

the role of flow cytometry 

* Toxicology and therapeutic 

drug monitoring


Section of Dentistry


General information regarding the Credit System 

At the Faculty of Medicine/Section of Dentistry the credit system was introduced in the academic year 2003/2004. In 

the academic year 2006/2007 it applies to 1 st – 3 rd year dentistry students. 

I. EXPRESSIONS 

Compulsory subject: It is obligatory to take the subject in the module given. It is strongly recommended to follow 

the Suggested Study Plan. 

Compulsory elective subject (including Behavioral Science Subjects – only for medical students): One can 

choose freely from the subjects offered. There is a given number of credit points that has to be acquired in the 

certain modules. It is strongly recommended to follow the Suggested Study Plan. 

Contact hours: Are the units of time required for a teacher to present subject material and to assess a student’s 

performance. Contact hours include lectures, seminars, practical demonstrations, consultation hours and 

assessment. 

Course requirement: The course requirement defines the precondition of a certain course. The course 

requirement can either be a subject or an examination requirement. In case of the subject requirement a 

course can be signed up for only if the examination defined in the course requirement has been completed 

successfully. In case of the examination requirement the examination of a course can only be taken if the 

examination defined in the course requirement has been completed successfully. 

Credit: Credits are standard measurement of a student’s accepted study time. One credit equals thirty hours of 

study time. 

Credit transfer: Is a procedure accorded by the University of Szeged Code of Study and Examination Regulations 

whereby a partial or full exemption can be given from completing one or more subjects by acknowledging previously 

completed subjects and thereby award the appropriate number of credit points. 

Criteria subject: Completion of criteria subjects is a precondition for entering the next module or receiving the 

diploma after finishing the sixth year (e.g. Physical Training, Summer Practices). Criteria subjects have no credit 

allocated to. 

Elective subject: One can chose freely from the subjects offered. There is a given number of credit points that has 

to be acquired in the certain modules. It is strongly recommended to follow the Suggested Study Plan. Only those 

courses are recognized which are offered by University lecturers and take at least 14 hours. 

Examination course (only for medical and dentistry students): If one cannot pass an examination successfully 

in the semester given, the examination can be repeated in the next examination period if the course is offered by 

the Department. The student may be exempted from fulfilling the requirements of the semester. An examination 

course can be taken only once in a certain subject. 

Suggested study plan: the order and timing of subjects offered to students enabling them to obtain qualification 

within a specified period of time.

162 


II. STRUCTURE OF STUDIES 

Students have to acquire a total of 300 credits in 3 modules in order to obtain the Doctor of Dental Medicine 

diploma. 

All the requirements of a module have to be fulfilled in order to enter the next module: 

• acquisition of the required credits 

• completion of Criteria Subjects: 

- 4 semesters of Physical Training till the end of the 12 th semester 

(It is recommended to complete it in the Basic Module) 

- Summer practices 

- 8 semesters of Hungarian Language (*only for students who started their first 

year studies in the academic year 2006/2007, students who started their studies 

earlier study Hungarian Language as a Compulsory Elective subject) 

1. Basic Module (years 1-2, semesters 1-4) 

MODULES: 

In the Basic Module one has to acquire a minimum of 100 credits in order to enter the Pre-Clinical module. 


100 credits 




• Criteria Subjects (Nursing Summer Practice at a Dental Surgery Department, 4 semesters of Physical 

Training, 4 semesters of Hungarian Language*) 

*only for students who started their first year studies in the academic year 2006/2007, students who started their studies 

earlier complete Hungarian Language as a Compulsory Elective subject. 

2. Pre-Clinical Module (year 3, semesters 5-6) 

In the Pre-Clinical Module one has to acquire a minimum of 55 credits in order to enter the Clinical Module. 


55 credits 




• Criteria Subjects (Common Final Examination in the courses of Restorative Dentistry and Prosthodontics, 

Dental Surgery Summer Practice) 

3. Clinical Module (year 4, 5 semesters 7-10, Thesis) 

• General Clinical Section (year 4, semesters 7-8) 

In the General Clinical Section one has to acquire a minimum of 25 credits in order to enter the Dental 

Clinical Section. 

• Dental Clinical Section (year 5, semesters 9-10, Thesis) 

In the Dental Clinical Section one has to acquire a minimum of 100 credits + 20 credits for the Thesis 

in order to be eligible to sit for the Final (State Board) Examination.

Code of 

Subject 

2006/2007 1st year fall, 1st semester 



Hrs/week: 

Theory 

DENTISTRY 


Hrs/week: 

Practice 

Form of exam 

Credit 

Course 

Requirement 

(SR=Subject 

requirement; 


requirement) 


FOG-KA011 Anatomy, Histology and Embryology I. Department of Anatomy Prof. András Mihály 2 - ESE 6 - 

FOG-KA012 Anatomy, Histology and Embryology I. Department of Anatomy Prof. András Mihály - 5 S 0 - 

FOG-KA061 Medical Physics and Statistics I. Section of Biophysics Dr. András Ringler 3 - ESE 3 - 

FOG-KA062 Medical Physics and Statistics I. Section of Biophysics Dr. András Ringler - 2 S 0 - 

FOG-KA071 Medical Chemistry I. Department of Med. Chemistry Prof. Gábor Tóth 3 - ESE 3 - 

FOG-KA072 Medical Chemistry I. Dep. of Medical Chemistry Prof. Gábor Tóth - 3 S 0 - 

FOG-KA091 Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics I. Department of Medical Biology Prof. Ernı Duda 2 - ESE 3 - 

FOG-KA092 Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics I. Department of Medical Biology Prof. Ernı Duda - 2 S 0 - 

FOG-KA051 First Aid and Resuscitation Department of Traumatology Prof. János A. Simonka - 2 CTPK(5) 1 - 

FOG-KA081 Odontology and Gnatology Dept.of Pediatric Dent.and Orthodontics Dr. Gábor Kocsis-S. 2 - ESE 5 - 

FOG-KA082 Odontology and Gnatology Dept.of Pediatric Dent.and Orthodontics Dr. Gábor Kocsis-S. - 1 S 0 - 

Compulsory Elective Subjects** 

FOG-KA141 Introduction to Medicine Section of Behavioral Sciences Dr. Katalin Barabás 1 - CTPK(5) 1 - 

FOG-KA1031 Basics of Molecular Biology Department of Medical Biology Prof. Ernı Duda 1 - CTPK(3) 1 - 

FOG-KA1041 Frontiers in Molecular Biology Department of Medical Biology Prof. Ernı Duda 2 - CTPK(3) 2 - 

FOG-KA181 Developmental Genetics I. Department of Medical Biology Prof. Ernı Duda 1 - CTPK(3) 1 - 

FOG-KA191 Genetical Analysis I. Department of Medical Biology Prof. Ernı Duda 1 - CTPK(3) 1 - 

FOG-KA221 Cytomorphology and Microtechnics Department of Anatomy Prof. András Mihály 2 - CTPK(3) 2 - 

FOG-KA251 Introduction to Analytical Chemistry Dep. of Medical Chemistry Prof. Gábor Tóth 1 - CTPK(3) 1 - 

FOG-KA241 Bioinorganic Chemistry Department of Med. Chemistry Prof. Gábor Tóth 1 - CTPK(3) 1 - 

FOG-KA111 Introduction to Informatics Dep. of Med. Informatics Prof. Zoltán Hantos 1 - CTPK(5) 3 - 

FOG-KA112 Introduction to Informatics Dep. of Med. Informatics Prof. Zoltán Hantos - 2 S 0 - 

FOG-KA161 Dental Instruments Department of Oral Surgery Dr. Katalin Nagy 1 - CTPK(5) 3 - 

FOG-KA162 Dental Instruments Department of Oral Surgery Dr. Katalin Nagy - 1 S - - 

Elective Subjects*** 

FOG-KA391 Latin Language I.* Dep. of Foreign Languages Dr. Éva Demeter - 2 CTPK(5) 2 - 


FOG-KA4711 Hungarian Language I.* Dep. of Foreign Languages Dr. Éva Demeter - 4 CTPK(5) 0 - 

XT Physical Training**** Section of Physical Training József Szabó - 2 S 0 - 




**** It is recommended to complete 4 semesters of Physical Education in the Basic Module.

Code of 

Subject 



DENTISTRY 


2006/2007 1st year spring, 2nd semester 

Hrs/week: 

Theory 

Hrs/week: 

Practice 

Form of exam 

Credit 

Course 

Requirement 

(SR=Subject 

requirement; 


requirement) 


FOG-KA013 Anatomy, Histology and Embryology II. Department of Anatomy Prof. András Mihály 2 - ESE 6 ER: Anatomy I. 

FOG-KA014 Anatomy, Histology and Embryology II. Department of Anatomy Prof. András Mihály - 5 S 0 ER: Anatomy I. 

FOG-KA063 Medical Physics and Statistics II. Section of Biophysics Dr. András Ringler 2 - ESE 4 ER: Med. Phys. I. 

FOG-KA064 Medical Physics and Statistics II. Section of Biophysics Dr. András Ringler - 2 S 0 ER: Med. Phys. I. 

FOG-KA073 Medical Chemistry II. Dep. of Med. Chemistry Prof. Gábor Tóth 3 - ESE 4 ER: Med.Chem. I. 

FOG-KA074 Medical Chemistry II. Dep. of Med. Chemistry Prof. Gábor Tóth - 3 S 0 ER: Med.Chem. I. 

FOG-KA093 Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics II. Department of Medical Biology Prof. Ernı Duda 2 - ESE 4 ER: Cell Biology I. 

FOG-KA094 Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics II. Department of Medical Biology Prof. Ernı Duda - 2 S 0 ER: Cell Biology I. 

FOG-KA083 Gnathology and Odontology Department of Prosthodontics Dr. Márta Radnai 1 - Final 5 ER: Odontology and 

Gnathology 

FOG-KA084 Gnathology and Odontology Department of Prosthodontics Dr. Márta Radnai - 3 S 0 ER: Odontology and 

Gnathology 

Compulsory Elective Subjects** 

FOG-KA121 Communication in Dentistry Section of Behavioral Sciences Dr. Katalin Barabás 1 - CTPK(5) 3 - 

FOG-KA122 Communication in Dentistry Section of Behavioral Sciences Dr. Katalin Barabás - 2 S 0 - 

FOG-KA182 Developmental Genetics II. Department of Medical Biology Prof. Ernı Duda 1 - CTPK(3) 1 ER: Dev. Gen. I. 

FOG-KA192 Genetical Analysis II. Department of Medical Biology Prof. Ernı Duda 1 - CTPK(3) 1 ER: Gen. An. I. 

FOG-KA231 Neurocytology Department of Anatomy Prof. András Mihály 2 - CTPK(3) 2 - 

FOG-KA261 Modern Instrumental Analysis and Dep. of Med. Chemistry Prof. Gábor Tóth 1 - CTPK(3) 1 - 

Separation Methods 

FOG-KA271 Steric Structure of Biopolimers Dep. of Med. Chemistry Prof. Gábor Tóth 1 - CTPK(3) 1 - 

Elective Subjects*** 

FOG-KA392 Latin Language II.* Dep. of Foreign Languages Dr. Éva Demeter - 2 CTPK(5) 2 SR: Latin L. I. 


FOG-KA4712 Hungarian Language II.* Dep. of Foreign Languages Dr. Éva Demeter - 4 CTPK(5) 0 SR: Hungarian L. I. 

XT Physical Training**** Section of Physical Training József Szabó - 2 S 0 - 

FOG-KA170 Nursing Practice - 2 S 0 - 

weeks 




**** It is recommended to complete 4 semesters of Physical Education in the Basic Module.

Code of 

Subject 

2006/2007 2nd year fall, 3rd semester 



DENTISTRY 

BASIC MODULE 

Hrs/week: 

Theory 

Hrs/week: 

Practice 

Form of exam 

Credit 

Course 

Requirement 

(SR=Subject 

requirement; 


requirement) 


FOG-KA015 Anatomy, Histology and Embryology III. Department of Anatomy Prof. András Mihály 2 - ESE 7 ER: Anatomy II. 

FOG-KA016 Anatomy, Histology and Embryology III. Department of Anatomy Prof. András Mihály - 5 S 0 ER: Anatomy II. 

FOG-KA021 Biochemistry I. Department of Biochemistry Prof. László Dux 3 - ESE 5 ER: Chemistry II. 

FOG-KA022 Biochemistry I. Department of Biochemistry Prof. László Dux - 2 S 0 ER: Chemistry II. 

FOG-KA031 Medical Physiology I. Department of Medical Physiology Prof. György Benedek 6 - ESE 7 - 

FOG-KA032 Medical Physiology I. Department of Medical Physiology Prof. György Benedek - 2 S 0 - 

Compulsory Elective Subjects* 

FOG-KA0351 Medical Physiology I. (Seminar) Department of Medical Physiology Prof. György Benedek 2 CTPK(5) 2 - 

FOG-KA131 Medical Sociology Department of Public Health Prof. László 

- 2 CTPK(5) 2 - 

Nagymajtényi 

FOG-KA151 Dental Materials and Technology Department of Oral Biology Prof. Zoltán Rakonczay 1 CTPK(5) 3 - 

FOG-KA152 Dental Materials and Technology Department of Oral Biology Prof. Zoltán Rakonczay 1 S 0 - 

FOG-KA201 Molecular Cytology and Histology Department of Biochemistry Prof. László Dux 2 CTPK(3) 2 - 

FOG-KA4713 Hungarian Language III.**** Department of Foreign Languages Dr. Éva Demeter 4 CTPK(5) 2 SR: Hungarian L. II. 

Elective Subjects** 

Mathematical and Statistical Modelling in Department of Medical Informatics Prof. Zoltán Hantos 1 - CTPK (5) 2 - 

Medicine* 

Mathematical and Statistical Modelling in Department of Medical Informatics Prof. Zoltán Hantos - 1 S 0 - 

Medicine* 


XT Physical Training*** Section of Physical Training József Szabó - 2 S 0 - 

* One has to acquire 10 credits for Compulsory Elective Subjects till the end of the 4th semester. 

** One has to acquire 6 credits for Elective Subjects till the end of the 4th semester. 

*** It is recommended to complete 4 semesters of Physical Education in the Basic Module. 

**** The completion of the course is obligatory in the semester given.

Code of 

Subject 

2006/2007 2nd year spring, 4th semester 



DENTISTRY 

BASIC MODULE 

Hrs/week: 

Theory 

Hrs/week: 

Practice 

Form of exam 

Credit 

Course 

Requirement 

(SR=Subject 

requirement; 


requirement) 


FOG-KA015 Anatomy, Histology and Embryology IV. Department of Anatomy Prof. András Mihály 2 - ESE 7 ER: Anatomy III. 

FOG-KA016 Anatomy, Histology and Embryology IV. Department of Anatomy Prof. András Mihály - 5 S 0 ER: Anatomy III. 

FOG-KA021 Biochemistry II. Department of Biochemistry Prof. László Dux 3 - Final 5 ER: Biochemistry I. 

FOG-KA022 Biochemistry II. Department of Biochemistry Prof. László Dux - 2 S 0 ER: Biochemistry I. 

FOG-KA031 Medical Physiology II. Department of Medical Physiology Prof. György Benedek 6 - ESE 7 ER: Med. Phys. I. 

FOG-KA032 Medical Physiology II. Department of Medical Physiology Prof. György Benedek - 2 S 0 ER: Med. Phys. I. 

Compulsory Elective Subjects* 

FOG-KA352 Medical Physiology II. (Seminar) Department of Medical Physiology Prof. György Benedek 2 CTPK(5) 2 SR: Medical Phys. 

(Seminar) I. 

FOG-KA281 Dental Anthropology Dept.of Pediatric Dent.and Orthodontics Dr. Gábor Kocsis-S. 1 CTPK(5) 3 - 

FOG-KA282 Dental Anthropology Dept.of Pediatric Dent.and Orthodontics Dr. Gábor Kocsis-S. 2 S 0 - 

FOG-KA211 Molecular Developmental Biology Department of Biochemistry Prof. László Dux 2 CTPK(3) 2 - 

FOG-KA621 Medical Antropology Section of Behavioral Sciences Dr. Katalin Barabás - 1 CTPK(3) 1 - 

FOG-KA4714 Hungarian Language IV. *** Department of Foreign Languages Dr. Éva Demeter 4 Preliminary 2 SR: Hungarian III. 

Exam 


XT Physical Training** Section of Physical Training József Szabó - 2 S 0 - 

* One has to acquire 10 credits for Compulsory Elective Subjects till the end of the 4th semester. 

** It is recommended to complete 4 semesters of Physical Education in the Basic Module. 

*** The completion of the course is obligatory in the semester given.

Code of 

Subject 

2006/2007 3rd year fall, 5th semester 



DENTISTRY 


Hrs/week: 

Theory 

Hrs/week: 

Practice 

Form of exam 

Credit 

Course 

Requirement 

(SR=Subject 

requirement; 


requirement) 


FOG-KA291 Pathophysiology I. Department of Pathophysiology Prof. Gyula Szabó 2 ESE 3 SR: Basic Module 

FOG-KA292 Pathophysiology I. Department of Pathophysiology Prof. Gyula Szabó 2 S 0 SR: Basic Module 

FOG-KA301 Pathology and Oral Pathology I. Department of Pathology Prof. Tivadar Mikó 3 ESE 4 SR: Basic Module 

FOG-KA302 Pathology and Oral Pathology I. Department of Pathology Prof. Tivadar Mikó 2 S 0 SR: Basic Module 

FOG-KA311 Microbiology and Immunology I. Department of Medical Microbiology and Prof. Yvette Mándi 3 ESE 4 SR: Basic Module 

Immunobiology 

FOG-KA312 Microbiology and Immunology I. Department of Medical Microbiology and Prof. Yvette Mándi 1 S 0 SR: Basic Module 

Immunobiology 

FOG-KA321 Pharmacology I. Department of Pharmacology Prof. András Varró 2 CTPK(5) 2 SR: Basic Module 

FOG-KA322 Pharmacology I. Department of Pharmacology Prof. András Varró 1 S 0 SR: Basic Module 

FOG-KA331 Oral Biology Department of Oral Biology Prof. Zoltán Rakonczay 1 ESE 3 SR: Basic Module 

FOG-KA332 Oral Biology Department of Oral Biology Prof. Zoltán Rakonczay 1 S 0 SR: Basic Module 

FOG-KA351 Preclinical Course of Operative Dentistry I. Department of Operative Dentistry Dr. István Gorzó 1 CTPK(5) 3 SR: Basic Module 

FOG-KA352 Preclinical Course of Operative Dentistry I. Department of Operative Dentistry Dr. István Gorzó 4 S 0 SR: Basic Module 

FOG-KA361 Preclinical course of Prosthodontics I. Department of Prosthodontics Dr. Márta Radnai 1 CTPK(5) 3 SR: Basic Module 

FOG-KA362 Preclinical course of Prosthodontics I. Department of Prosthodontics Dr. Márta Radnai 2 S 0 SR: Basic Module 

Compulsory Elective Subjects 

FOG-KA411 Bio- and Alloplastic Materials in Dentistry Department of Oral Biology Prof. Zoltán Rakonczay 2 ESE 3 SR: Basic Module 

FOG-KA421 Surgical Techniques Department of Surgical Research Prof. Mihály Boros 1 CTPK(5) 2 SR: Basic Module 

FOG-KA422 Surgical Techniques Department of Surgical Research Prof. Mihály Boros 1 S 0 SR: Basic Module 

FOG-KA451 Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Department of Microbiology Prof. Yvette Mándi 1 CTPK(5) 2 SR: Basic Module 

FOG-KA481 Preclinical course of ECG Analysis Department of Pathophysiology Prof. Gyula Szabó 2 CTPK(5) 1 SR: Basic Module 

FOG-KA491 Microsurgery Department of Surgical Research Prof. Mihály Boros 2 CTPK(5) 2 Paralell completion 

of Surgical Tech. 

FOG-KA475 Hungarian Language V.* Department of Foreign Languages Dr. Éva Demeter 3 CTPK(5) 2 SR: Basic Module 


** One has to acquire 5 credits for Compulsory Elective Subjects till the end of the 6th semester.

Code of 

Subject 

2006/2007 3rd year spring, 6th semester 




DENTISTRY 


Hrs/week: 

Theory 

Hrs/week: 

Practice 

Form of exam 

Credit 

Course 

Requirement 

(SR=Subject 

requirement; 


requirement) 

FOG-KA293 Pathophysiology II. Department of Pathophysiology Prof. Gyula Szabó 3 ESE 3 SR: Pathophys. I. 

FOG-KA294 Pathophysiology II. Department of Pathophysiology Prof. Gyula Szabó 2 S 0 SR: Pathophys. I. 

FOG-KA303 Pathology and Oral Pathology II. Department of Pathology Prof. Tivadar Mikó 3 ESE 3 SR: Path.and Oral 

Path I. 

FOG-KA304 Pathology and Oral Pathology II. Department of Pathology Prof. Tivadar Mikó 2 S 0 SR: Path.and Oral 

Path I. 

FOG-KA323 Pharmacology II. Department of Pharmacology Prof. András Varró 2 ESE 2 SR: Pharmacology I. 

FOG-KA324 Pharmacology II. Department of Pharmacology Prof. András Varró 1 S 0 SR: Pharmacology I. 

FOG-KA341 General and Dental Radiology Dep. of Radiology; Dep. of Stomatology Dr.Endre Nagy;Dr 2 ESE 4 SR: Basic Module 

Katalin Nagy 

FOG-KA342 General and Dental Radiology Dep. of Radiology; Dep. of Stomatology Dr.Endre Nagy;Dr 

2 S 0 SR: Basic Module 

Katalin Nagy 

FOG-KA353 Preclinical Course of Operative Dent. II. Department of Operative Dentistry Prof. István Gorzó 1 CTPK(5) 3 SR: Prec.C.of 

Op.Dent.I. 

FOG-KA354 Preclinical Course of Operative Dent. II. Department of Operative Dentistry Prof. István Gorzó 3,5 S 0 SR: Prec.C.of 

Op.Dent.I. 

FOG-KA363 Preclinical Course of Prosthodontics II. Department of Prosthodontics Dr. Márta Radnai 1 CTPK(5) 3 SR: Prec.C. of 

Prosth.I. 

FOG-KA364 Preclinical Course of Prosthodontics II. Department of Prosthodontics Dr. Márta Radnai 3,5 S 0 SR: Prec.C. of 

Prosth.I. 

FOG-KA371 Preclinical course of Oral Surgery Department of Oral Surgery Dr. Katalin Nagy 2 ESE 5 SR: Basic Module 

FOG-KA372 Preclinical course of Oral Surgery Department of Oral Surgery Dr. Katalin Nagy 3 S 0 SR: Basic Module 

FOG-KA381 Preventive Dentistry Department of Oral Surgery Dr. Katalin Nagy 1 ESE 2 SR: Basic Module 

FOG-KA382 Preventive Dentistry Department of Oral Surgery Dr. Katalin Nagy 1 S 0 SR: Basic Module

Code of 

Subject 



Hrs/week: 

Theory 

Hrs/week: 

Practice 

Form of exam 

Credit 

Course 

Requirement 

(SR=Subject 

requirement; 


requirement) 


FOG-KA401 Dental Paleopathology Dept.of Pediatric Dent.and Orthodontics Dr. Gábor Kocsis-S. 2 ESE 3 SR: Basic Module 

FOG-KA476 Hungarian Language VI.* Department of Foreign Languages Dr. Éva Demeter 3 CTPK(5) 2 SR: Hungarian V. 

Elective Subjects 

FOG- 

KA102311 

Basic Medical Skills Institute of Surgical Research Prof. Mihály Boros 1 CTPK(5) 2 SR: Surgical 

Techniques 

FOG- 

KA102312 

Basic Medical Skills Institute of Surgical Research Prof. Mihály Boros 2 S 0 SR: Surgical 

Techniques 

FOG- 

KA102321 

Advanced Medical Skills Institute of Surgical Research Prof. Mihály Boros 1 CTPK(5) 2 Paralell comp. of 

Basic Med. Skills 

FOG- 

KA102322 

Advanced Medical Skills Institute of Surgical Research Prof. Mihály Boros 1 S 0 Paralell comp. of 

Basic Med. Skills 

FOG-KA1024 Basic Immunpathology Institute of Surgical Research Prof. Mihály Boros 1 CTPK(5) 1 SR: Microbiology 

and Immunology 


FOG-KA611 Preclinical Course of Prosthodontics and Dep.of Prosth and Rest. Dent. 

Dr.Márta Radnai;Dr. 

Final 0 

Restorative Dentistry Examination 

Gorzó István 

FOG-KA601 Oral Surgery Practice 4 

weeks 

S 0 



*** One has to acquire 3 credits for Elective Subjects till the end of the 6th semester.

170 


Recommended textbooks for first year dentistry students 

BIOPHYSICS 

• Rontó Gy. and I. Tarján: 

An Introduction to Biophysics with Medical Orientation 

Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 1991. 

• Jean A. Pope: 


Heinemann Educational Books Ltd, 1989. 

ISBN: 0435686828 

• Martin Hollins: 


University of Bath, Macmillen Education Ltd, 1990. 

ISBN: 0333466578 

• Christian Sybesma: 

Biophysics 

An introduction, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1989. 

ISBN: 0792300300 

• Szalay L., Maróti P. and Laczkó G.: 

Medical Physics Part I. (Energetics of Transport) 


• Szalay L. and Maróti P.: 

Biophysics Part I. and Part II. 


• Ringler A. and P. Maróti: 

Physics practicals, SZOTE, 1994 


Obligatory: 


Prentice Hall 


Mc Graw-Hill 

ISBN: 0071215654 



ISBN: 0781743109 




ISBN: 0781751543 



ISBN: 078174315X 



ISBN: 0781731763 




ISBN: 0781731771 

Recommended: 



ISBN: 1929007116 


Karger 

6th ed. 




ISBN: 0781731739


FIRST AID 




ISBN: 0781731747 




ISBN: 0781731755 

• Brent, Karren: First Aid for Colleges and Universities 

Brady Morton Series 

ISBN: 0893038776 

MEDICAL BIOLOGY 

• William K. Purves, Gordon H. Orians: Life: The Science of Biology 

(Sixth edition) W.H. Freeman and Company, New York, 1995. 

ISBN: 1716726297 

• J. Darnell H. Lodish D. Baltimore: Molecular Cell Biology 

W.H. Freeman and Company, New York, 1995. 

ISBN: 0716723808 

• B. Alberts, D.B.J. Lewis, M. Raff. K. Roberts, J.D. Watson: 

Molecular Biology of the Cell 

Garland Publishing, Inc. New York, 1995. 

ISBN: 0815316208 


Obligatory: 

• Ebbing-Hart: General Chemistry 8th/Organic Chemistry 11th ed. 

Houghton Mifflin Company 

ISBN: 0618523103 

Recommended: 

• Harold Hart: Organic Chemistry (A Short Course) 

Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston 

ISBN: 0395708389 

• P. Gergely: Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry for Medical Students 

University Medical School of Debrecen, 1994 

• John McMurry: Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry 4 th ed. 

ISBN: 0534352154 

Brooks/Cole Publishing Company 

ITP An International Thomson Publishing Company 

ODONTOLOGY AND GNATOLOGY 

• Ash, Nelson: Wheeler’s Dental Anatomy, Physiology, and Occlusion, 8 th ed. 

Saunders, 2003 

ISBN: 0721693822 

DENTAL INSTRUMENTS 

• Linda R. Boyd: Dental Instruments 2 nd ed., 

A Pocket Guide 

MEDICAL DICTIONARIES 

• Mosbey's: Mosbey's Medical, Nursing and Allied Health 

Mosbey, 1994. 

ISBN: 0801672252 

• Stedmans: Medical Dictionary, 27th ed. 

Williams and Wilkins, 1998. 

ISBN: 0683079166

172 


Recommended textbooks for second year dentistry students 


Obligatory: 


Prentice Hall 


Mc Graw-Hill 

ISBN: 0071215654 



ISBN: 0781743109 




ISBN: 0781751543 



ISBN: 078174315X 



ISBN: 0781731763 




ISBN: 0781731771 

Recommended: 



ISBN: 1929007116 


Karger 

6th ed. 




ISBN: 0781731739 




ISBN: 0781731747 




ISBN: 0781731755 

• Tömböl Teréz: Topographic Anatomy 

Medicina Könyvkiadó Rt., 2000. 

BIOCHEMISTRY 

• Murray: Harper's Biochemistry Illustrated, 26 th ed. ISE 

International Students’ Edition 


ISBN: 0071217665 

• Murray: Harper's Biochemistry Illustrated, 26 th ed. 


ISBN: 0071389016


PHYSIOLOGY 

• Arthur C.Guyton, John E. Hall: Textbook of Medical Physiology 

ISBN: 0721667732 

• William F. Ganong : Rewiev of Medical Physiology 

Appleton &Lang , Stanford, Connecticut 

• Fonyó: Principles of Medical Physiology 

Medicina Kiadó 

• Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical University, Department of Physiology 

Physiology laboratory manual (handout) 

DENTAL MATERIALS 

• O’Brian: Dental Materials and their Selection, 3rd ed. 

Quintessence, 2002. 

ISBN: 0340809205 

DENTAL ANTHROPOLOGY 

Recommended 

• Scott, Turner II.: The Anthropology of Modern Human Teeth 

Dental Morphology and its variation in recent human populations 

Cambridge University Press, 1997. 

ISBN: 0521455081 

• Farkas: Anthropometry of the Head and Face, 2nd ed. 

Raven Press, 1998. 

ISBN: 0781701597

174 


Recommended textbooks for third year dentistry students 

MICROBIOLOGY 

Recommended 

PATHOLOGY 

• L. P. Samaranayake : Essential Microbiology for Dentistry 

Churchill Livingstone, 2002, 

ISBN: 044306461X 

ISBN-13: 9780443064616 

• Practical Notes (Edited by R. Pusztai, University of Szeged, 2002) 

• Kumar V.: Robbins Basic Pathology Updated Edition, 7 th ed. 

W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, 2004. 

ISBN: 1416025340 

• Underwood James: General and Systematic Pathology, 4th 


ISBN: 0443073341 


Recommended: 

• McPhee, Ganong: Pathophysiology of Disease 4th ed. 2003 

McGraw-Hill Medical 

ISBN: 0071387641 

• Sefan Silbernagl, Florian Lang: Color Atlas of Pathophysiology 

George Thieme Verlag, 2000 

ISBN: 3131165510 or 0865778663 

• Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 16 th ed. 2005. 

McGraw Hill 

ISBN: 0071391401 

• Cecil Textbook of Medicine 22 nd ed. 2004 

W.B. Saunders Company 

ISBN: 072169652X 

Handouts: 

• Gecse Á.: Pathomechanism of Inflammation, 2002. 

• Lázár G.: Pathophysiology in Hematological Diseases of Erythropoesis, 1997. 

• Lázár G.: Pathophysiology of Hemostatis. Bleeding Disorders and Thrombosis, 1999. 

• Lázár G.: Pathophysiology of Hematological Diseases. Disorders of Leukopoesis, 1997. 

• Szabó G.: Pathophysiology of Renal Diseases, 1996. 

• Lázár Gy.: Pathophysiology of Immune System, 2004. 

• Fekete M.: Pathophysiology exercises II. 1987. 

• Szabó G.: Introduction to Electrocardiography, 1999. 

SURGICAL TECHNIQUES 

• Kirk: Basic Surgical Techniques, 5 th Edition 


ISBN: 0443071225


PHARMACOLOGY 

• Katzung: Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 9 th ed. 

McGraw-Hill Medical, 2003. 

ISBN: 0071410929 

• Rang-Dale-Ritter-Moore: Pharmacology, 5th ed. 

Churchill-Livingstone, 2003. 

ISBN: 0443053480 


Obligatory: 



ISBN 963 04 8860 4 

ORAL SURGERY 

• Dimitroulis, G: Synopsis of Minor Oral Surgery 

Elsevier, 1996 

• Szabó Gy: Oral and Maxillofaciao Surgery 

Alapítvány a Száj-, Arc. és Állcsontsebészeti Betegségek Gyógyításáért 

Bp., 1997. 

PROSTHODONTICS 

• Shillingburg, Jr. H.T., Jacobi, R., Brackett, S.E. 

Fundamentals of Tooth Preparations for Cast Metal and Porcelain Restorations. 

Quintessence Pub., 1997. 

ISBN 0-86715-201-X 

• Rosenstiel, S., Land, MF., Fujimoto, J. 

Contemporary Fixed prosthodontics 3 rd ed. 

Elsevier, 2001 

ISBN 0-8151-5559-X 

DENTAL RADIOLOGY 

• Friedrich A. Pasler: 

Radiology-Color Atlas of Dental Medicine (Georg Thieme Verlag) 

ORAL BIOLOGY 

• Oral Biology. By B.G. Jansen van Rensburg, 1995. Quintessence Publ. C. 

Inc. ISBN 0-86715-271-0 

• Oral Bioscience. David B. Ferguson, 1999, Chirchill Livingstone, 

ISBN 0-433 05373 1 

BIOMATERIALS AND THEIR APPLICATION IN DENTISTRY 

• B.D. Ratner, A.S. Hoffman, F.J. Schoen, J.E. Lemons: 

Biomaterials Science: An Introduction to Materials in Science, 

Academic Press, 1996 

RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY 

• Fundamentals of Operative Dentistry: A Contemporary Approach, Third Edition 

Author(s)/Editor(s): Summitt, James B., Robbins, William J., Hilton, Thomas J., Schwartz, Richard S. 

ISBN: 0-86715-452-7

176 


SYLLABUSES 

BASIC MODULE - DENTISTRY 

For the syllabus of the general basic module subjects check the medical syllabus (p. 63). 

DENTAL INSTRUMENTS 

1st smester (15 weeks) 

WEEK LECTURE PRACTICE 


1. Introduction to Szeged Dental School 

2. History of Dentistry (Stone age-Greco-Roman 

dentistry) 

3. History of Dentistry (Greco-Roman dentistry - 

Western Dentistry) 

4. History of Dentistry (Western Dentistry - today) 

5. Fully equipped dental surgery 

6. Visiting a private dental practice 

7. X-ray machine, orto-pan tomogram 


9. Dental Instruments in oral surgery 

10. Dental Instruments in operative dentistry 

and endodontics 

11. Dental Instruments in prosthetic dentistry 

12. Dental Instruments in implant dentistry 

13. Dental Instruments in orthodontics 

14. Dental Instruments in periodontology and 

dental hygiene 

15. exam


ODONTOLOGY AND GNATHOLOGY 


WEEK LECTURE 

PRACTICE 

(2 hours/week) (1 hour/week) 

1. The subject, nomenclature, and history of 

Drawing (prism, pyramid, "pulp") 

odontology 

2. Material and methodology of odontology Drawing (upper first incisor in a box) 

3. Morphology of facial bones, orientation on 

the face, and in the mouth 

4. The parts of teeth. Orientation on the 

teeth. Marking of teeth and the denture 

(the Mühlreiter's marks of teeth). 

Morphology of the permanent teeth. 

Drawing (upper first incisor with pulp) 

Morphology of teeth 

5. Morphology of permanent teeth (cont.). Morphology of teeth 

6. Morphology of deciduous teeth. 

Separation of permanent- and deciduous 

teeth. 

Morphology of teeth (deciduous, too) 

7. The aging of facial bones and teeth. Written exam 


9. Dental phylogeny I. Vertebrate, Primates 


dentistry. 

10. Homo dental phylogeny Morphology of teeth 

11. Introduction to dental anthropology. 

Morphological variation of facial bones 


12. Morphological variation of permanent 

teeth 

13. Morphologoical variation of deciduous 

teeth. Dental taxonomy. 

Forms of dental curve, occlusion. 

Written exam 

14. Pseudopathological alterations of the face 

Visit in the Department of Anthropology 

and teeth. Mutilations, cultic 

interventions. 

15. Assessment of semester Assessment of semester

178 


GNATHOLOGY AND ODONTOLOGY 


WEEK LECTURE 

PRACTICE 


1. Introduction to Gnathology, it’s significance in 

dentistry 

2. Functional units involved in mastication. 

Anatomical terminology of the mouth. 

3. Basics of occlusal anatomy of the teeth and dentalarches 

Introduction. Instruments and materials. 

Marking reference lines and points on the study 

cast and on the mounted lower cast. Marking 

the centric contacts on the upper mounted cast. 

Cutting off the occlusal surface of the mounted 

lower cast. Re-tracing the markings on the 

occlusal surface of the lower cast. 

Forming mandibular buccal cones. Marking 

reference lines and points on the mounted 

upper cast. Cutting off the occlusal surface of 

the mounted upper cast. 

Re-tracing the occlusal surface of the upper 

cast. Re-tracing the markings on the occlusal 

surface of the upper cast. Forming maxillary 

buccal cones. Forming the buccal ridges of 

mandibular buccal cusps. 

4. Occlusal contacts in central occlusion. Forming the buccal ridges of maxillary buccal 

cusps. Shaping the triangular ridges of the 

maxillary buccal cusps. 

5. The wax-up technique. Occlusal surface shaping 

used by dental technicians. Occlusal concepts used 

for artificial shaping of occlusal surfaces of the 

teeth 

Forming the mesial and distal cusp ridges of the 

maxillary and mandibular buccal cusps. 

6. Written Test Forming the maxillary lingual cones and the 

cusp ridges of the maxillary lingual cusps. 

7. Morphology of osseous structures involved in 

mastication and the temporo-mandibular joint. 

Shaping the lingual surfaces and triangular 

crests of the maxillary lingual cusps. 


9. Jaw muscle structure, function and it’s neural 

control 

Forming the mesial and distal marginal ridges of 

the maxillary posterior teeth. Building up the 

triangular ridges of the mandibular buccal cusps. 

10. Specific positions of the mandible. Building up the mandibular lingual cones. 

Forming the lingual surfaces and the triangular 

ridges of the mandibular lingual cusps. 

11. General mandibular movements, tooth guidance. 

Dynamics of occlusal relationships, bordermovements, 

mandibular movement envelope. 

12. The process of chewing. Occlusal relations in 

natural dentition 

Forming the mesial and distal cusp ridges of the 

mandibular lingual cusps. 

Forming the mesial and distal marginal ridges of 

the mandibular posterior teeth. 

13. Written Test Completing the mandibular and maxillary 

occlusal surfaces. Evaluating the completed 

cusps and ridges. 

14. Occludors and aticulators (arcon, non-arcon types). Forming the occlusal surface of a molar tooth by 

oneself. 

15. Bite-registration, model-transfer, articulatorprogramming 

Evaluation. Giving back the instruments.


DENTAL ANTHROPOLOGY 



1 hour/week (2 hours/week) 

1. The phylogenesis of human 

(mankind), forms of humans 

2. The anthropological traits of the 

skull 

3. Morphological traits of the face, 

facial bones 

4. Morphological traits of the face, 

soft parts 

5. Methods of measuring of facial 

dimensions 

6. Morphological variations of 

permanent teeth, upper incisors 

Morphology of the skull and facial 

bones 


bones 


bones 

Comparison of human and animal facial 

bones 

Taking facial dimensions from eachother 

Evaluating facial dimensions 

(proportions by Farkas) 


permanent teeth, lower incisors 

and canines 

Written exam 



permanent teeth, premolars 


permanent teeth, upper molars 


permanent teeth, lower molars 


deciduous teeth 

13. Differences in dentition of forms 

of human. 

14. Practical aspects of dental 

anthropology. The ASU-DAS 

system 

Methods of evaluating plaster casts 

Practicing tooth morphology on human 

teeth 


teeth 


teeth 


teeth 

Written exam 

15. Evaluation of the semester Evaluating plaster casts regarding 

dental anthropology

180 


DENTAL MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY 


WEEK LECTURE 

PRACTICE 


1. Introduction in dental materials science. The importance of dental 

material knowledge in dentistry. International standards for materials 

used in dentistry (ISO, DIN, etc.). Classification of dental materials based 

on structure and utilization. 

2. Examining, treating and preventive methods used in dentistry from 

technological point of view. 

3. Basic physical properties of materials. Test methods for materials in 

dental material science. 

4. Impression materials. 

5. Die materials, pattern materials, investment materials, polishing 

materials. 

6. Galvanic technology. Polimers used in dentistry. 

WRITTEN TEST- separate date this week: Oct. 12 (Thursday), in the 

frame of practice. 

Safety regulations in 

the teaching 

laboratory. 

Mounting of gypsum 

dies into an 

occludator. 

WRITTEN TEST from 

the lecture topics 

7. Dental cements and filling materials. Mounting of gypsum 

dies into an average 

value articulator. 


8. Endodontic materials. Impression materials 

in practice. 

10. Structure and properties of metals and alloys. The use of drills, 

cutting and polishing 

instruments. 

11. Investment, casting of metals. Waxes, gypsum 

products in practice 

12. Processing of surfaces of dental appliances. Waxes Dental polimers in 

practice. 

13. Materials used for porcelain-fused-to-metal restorations. Plastic filling materials 

and endodontic 

materials in practice. 

14. WRITTEN TEST 

15. All-ceramic materials


SYLLABUSES 

PRE-CLINICAL MODULE - DENTISTRY 


5th smester (15 weeks) 

WEEK LECTURE SEMINAR PRACTICE 


1. Inflammation Normal ECG. Review of physiologic ECG leads.Registration of ECG. 

background. 

2. Congenital heart diseases Inflammation ECG leads.Registration of ECG 

3. Pathophysiology of valvular heart 



4. Changes in plasma lipoproteins. 



infarction, sudden ischemic death 

Congenital heart diseases 







ECG: Atrial and ventricular hypertrophy. 

ECG: atrial and ventricular preexcitation 

(ES) 

6. Hypertension, hypotension Angina pectoris, myocardial 


ECG: angina, myocardial infarction 

7. Syncope, shock Hypertension, hypotension ECG: atrial fibrillation, ventricular 

fibrillation and flattern 


balance I. 


ECG: atrioventricular blocks (A-V) 



balance II. 

11. Pathophysiology of kidney 

diseases I. 


diseases II. 

13. Obstructive pulmonary diseases. 

Hypoxias 

Pathophysiology of salt-water 

balance I. 


balance II. 

Pathophysiology of kidney diseases 

I. 


II. 

ECG: Left and right bundle branch 

(Tawara) block 

ECG: Electrolyte abnormalities and ECG 

Investigation of urine smaples and renal 

function 

Investigation of urine sampels and renal 

function 


Hypoxias 



15. Disturbances of acid-base 

metabolism. Metabolic acidosis 


Restrictive pulmonary diseases. 

Respiratory acidosis, alkalosis 

ECG: repetition, summary and review

182 






2. Pathophysiology of white blood 

cell disorders 

Immunology 

3. Anemias and other red blood cell 

diseases 




disorders 


diseases 

5. Gastroenterology (upper GI tract) Thrombocyte dysfunction. 


Determination of wbc, rbc, platelet, eo, 

reticulocyte count Staining of blood 





6. Gastroenterology (colon and 

pancreas) 

Gastroenterology (upper GI tract) 

7. Pathophysiology of liver diseases Gastroenterology (colon and 

pancreas) 




11. Disturbances of carbohydrate 


Starvation and obesity 





15. Summary of Pathophysiology Pathophysiology of the CNS. ECG: review


MICROBIOLOGY 




1. Bacterial structure and taxonomy. 

Bacterial physiology and genetics. 

2. Infection control procedures in 

dentistry. 

Pathogenesis of microbial disease 

Introduction to microbiology 

Laboratory safety. Aseptic techniques. 

Native preparations. 

Preparation of bacterial smear. Simple 

and Gram staining . Methods of 

sterilization. 

3. Antimicrobial chemotherapy. 

The immune system. 

4. The immune response. Immunity 

and infection . 

5. Streptococci, Staphylococci. 

Lactobacilli, Corynebacteria, 

Propionibacteria 

6. Actinomyces, Clostridia and 

Bacillus species. 

Neisseriaceae, Veilonella, 

Parvobacteria, Capnocytophaga 

7. Enterobacteria: Escherichieae, 

Salmonellae, Shigellae 

Vibrios, Campylobacters and 

Wolinella 

Culture media. Handling bacterial 

cultures. Blood agar preps. Anaerobic 

cultivation. 

Colony morphology. Biochemical 

reactions. Antimicrobial susceptibility 

testing. 

Serological reactions: precipitation, 

agglutination, Complement Fixation, 

ELISA, RIA, Tests for cellular immune 

response. 

Gram-positive and Gram-negative 

cocci: Staphylococci, Micrococci. 

Streptococci, ASO, Neisserieae. 

8. FALL BREAK 

9. Bacteroides, Porphyromonas, 

Prevotella, 

Fusobacteria, Leptotrichia, 

Spirochaetes 

Oral normal bacterial flora : smear 

preps 

10. Mycobacteria and Legionellae 

Chlamydiae, Rickettsiae, 

Mycoplasmas 

Enterobacteriaceae 

11. Viruses of relevance to dentistry: 

Papovaviruses, Adenoviruses 

Herpesviruses, Orthomyxoviridae 

12. Paramyxoviridae, Picornaviridae, 

Togaviridae 

Hepatitis viruses 

13. Human immundeficiency virus 

infection, AIDS, infections 

in compromised patients. Fungi of 

relevance to dentistry. 

14. Normal oral flora, the oral 

ecosystem and dental plaque. 

Microbiology of dental caries and 

periodontal disease. 

15. Dentoalveolar infections. Oral 

mucosal and salivary gland 

infections. Infections of the 

respiratory tract 

Campylobacter, Mycobacterium 

Corynebacterium 

Bacillaceae, Lactobacilli, Bacteroides 

Leptospirae, Mycoplasma. 

Cultivation of viruses. Quantitation of 

viruses. Serology: neutralization 

haemagglutinin-inhibition, ELISA, CF, 

IF. 

Mycology. Diagnostic microbiology and 

laboratory methods I 

Diagnostic microbiology and laboratory 

methods II.

184 


BIO- AND ALLOPLASTIC MATERIALS AND THEIR APPLICATION IN DENTISTRY 


WEEK LECTURE 

PRACTICE 


1. Introduction to biomaterials science. Historical overview. Classes of biomaterials 

used in dentistry and medicine. 

2. 

3. Bulk and mechanical properties of materials and investigation methods (chemical 

bonds and structure, mechanical testing methods). 

4. Surface characteristics of materials and investigation methods (contact angle, 

ESCA, SIMS, SEM, IRS, STM, AFM). 

5. Metals (stainless steels, Co-Cr alloys, Ti alloys). 

6. Corrosion of metals. Hydrogels, bioresorbable and bioerodible materials. 

7. WRITTEN ASSESMENT 

8. Polymers, types of polymers, polymerization, mechanical and thermal properties. 


10. Ceramics, glasses and glass-ceramics (bioinert, calcium-phosphate ceramics, 

bioactiv glasses). 

11. Composites and natural materials (proteins, polysaccharides, polynucleotides). 

Thin films, coatings and fabrics. 

12. Host reactions to biomaterials and degradation of biomaterials in the biological 

environment. Titanium implants and biointegration. 

13. Testing biomaterials (in vitro, in vivo assessment and animal models). 

14. WRITTEN ASSESMENT 

15. Application of biomaterials in dentistry and medicine. Overview.


DENTAL PALEOPATHOLOGY 



2 hours/week) (0 hrs/week) (0 hrs/week) 

1. History of paleopathology, its topics, dental paleopathology 

2. Fields of dental paleopathology, relation to forensic dentistry, 

examination methods. 

3. Basis of facial development. Paleopathology of facial developmental 

abnormalities. 

4. Development of teeth, abnormalities of this. Eruptional and positional 

anomalies. 

5. Paleopathology of numerical abnormalities of teeth. 

6. Paleopathology of dimension and form of teeth. 

7. Abnormalities of structure of teeth, paleohystological examinations. 


9. Multiple developmental abnormality of dentition, joint appearance, 

syndromatology. Written exam. 

10. Pathological changes due to fur; caries, tartar. Abrasion of teeth. 

Changes of the alveolar bone. 

11. Consequential illnesses of caries, or abrasion. 

12. Paleopathology of traumatical effects. 

13. Paleopathology of temporomandibular joint. 

14. Paleopathology of specific inflammations, changes as consequences of 

tumours. Written exam. 

15. Paleopathology of disciplines related to jaws and dentition. Marks of 

dental therapeutics on material found in excavations.

186 


PRECLINICAL COURSE OF PROSTHODONTICS I. 


WEEK LECTURE 

PRACTICE 


1. Fundamentals of prosthodontics. Prosthetical 

Preparation of phantom teeth, traditional method. 

appliances. 

2. Veneer crowns. Definition. Types of crowns. 

Fundamentals of tooth preparation. 

Preparation of phantom teeth for veneer crown, 

knife edge finish line. 

3. Biomechanical principles of tooth preparation. Preparation of phantom teeth for veneer crown, 

chamfer finish line 

4. Tools and methods of tooth preparation. Preparation of phantom teeth for veneer crown, 

chamfer finish line 

5. Types and indications of different finish lines. 

Prevention f pulp injuries during tooth 

preparation. 

Preparation of phantom teeth (molar, front), knife 

edge finish line. 

6. Partial crowns. Preparation of 3/4 and 4/5 crown. Preparation of phantom teeth (molar), 90° 

shoulder. 

7. WRITTEN ASSESMENT Preparation of phantom teeth (molar), 90° 

shoulder. 


9. How to build up a destroyed tooth? Preparation of phantom teeth (molar, premolar), 

chamfer finish line. 

10. Impression methods. Preparation of phantom teeth (front), chamfer 

finish line. 

11. Impression tray. Procedure of dental impressions. Preparation of phantom teeth for partial crown 

(3/4). 

12. Pulp protection. Provisional restorations. Preparation of phantom teeth for partial crown 

(4/5). 

13. Laboratory procedures. Model preparation I. Preparation of phantom teeth for partial crown 

(4/5). 

14. WRITTEN ASSESMENT Provisional crown fabrication with prefabricated 

celluloid crown. 

15. Laboratory procedures. Model preparation II. Provisional crown fabrication with Scutan method.


PRECLINICAL COURSE OF PROSTHODONTICS II. 


WEEK LECTURE 

PRACTICE 


1. Comparison of different impression methods. Practicing of tooth preparation (Chamfer finish 

line). 

2. Fabrication of complete crowns (Cast metal 

crowns), clinical and laboratory steps. 

Preparation of tooth 11 for complete crown, with 

chamfer finish line. Construction of temporary 

crown for the prepared abutment. 

3. Fabrication of complete crowns - Veneer crowns 

(Resin retained crowns, metal-ceramic 

restorations), clinical and laboratory steps.. 

4. Fabrication of full crowns – Jacket crowns (Resin 

and ceramic Jacket crowns), laminate veneers, 

shade selection and colour analysis. 

5. nterim and definitive cementation of crowns. 

Removal of cemented fixed partial dentures. 

Preparation of tooth 36 for complete cast metal 

crown. 

Preparation of tooth 44 for complete veneer 

crown. 

Impression making, construction of working cast. 

6. Written assessment Impression making, construction of working cast. 

7. Principals of post retained crowns. Classification, 

construction, indications and contraindications. 


9. Fabrication of post retained crowns, clinical and 

laboratory steps. 

10. Classification of edentulousness, condition of the 

abutment teeth – abutment selection. 

11. Definitions, nomenclature, classification of fixed 

partial dentures. Retainers, pontics, materials for 

constructing fixed partial dentures, veneering 

methods. 

12. Indications, differential indications, 

contraindications of bridges. Functions of fixed 

partial dentures. Statical and biomechanical 

aspects. 

Model-mounting in articulator. 

Preparation of wax pattern of the crown. 



Investing and casting. 

13. Written assessment Polishing the cast metal crown. 

14. Procession of bridge construction. Postoperative 

Build up the veneer part of the crown in wax. 

care, maintenance of fixed partial dentures, oral 

hygiene aids. 

15. Special bridges (resin bonded fixed prostheses, 

removable bridges). 

Assessment of the prepared crowns.

188 


PRECLINICAL COURSE OF OPERATIVE DENTISTRY I. 




1. Te topics of Operative Dentistry and its role 

in dental care. Caries ethiology and 

ethiopathology. Anatomy of the coronal 

pulp. 

2. Principles of cavity preparation and design. 

Black,s cavity calssification and its 

modifications. 

3. Materials for restoring tooth. Classification, 

indications. 

4. Comparison of cavity preparation 

techniques. Contemporary cavity 

preparaiton and minimal invasive 

technique. Special cavity designs. 

Reception of instruments. Review of syllabus. The 

topics of Operative Dentistry. 

Materials and instruments used in Operative 

Dentistry. Matrix band retainers and their use. 

Practicing the usage of mirror, explorer and forceps. 

Cavity preparation in bone. Preparation of dot, line 

and circle. Mixing of cement. 

Cavity preparation in plastic teeth. Practicintg the 

right position of the hand instruments. Familiarizing 

the typical fissures of premolar and molar teeth. 

5. Amalgam Cavity preparation in extracted human teeth. 

Preparing Black I. and II. cavities. 

6. The adhesive technique. Making amalgam fillings in Black I. and II. cavities. 

7. Composites Making Glass-ionomer and Zinc phospate bases. 


9. Glass ionomers, compomers. Practicing of composite fillings. Calss I. and II. 

10. Cervical lesions and its restorations. 

Sandwich technique. 

Practicing of composite fillings. Calss III. and IV. 

11. Fractionated caries elimination. Healing the 

injured pulp. Direct and indirect pulp 

capping. The aim and materials of bases 

under restorations. 

Practicing of composite and Galss-ionomer fillings. 

Class V. 

12. Inlays I. Preparation and materials. Types 

and designs. 

Direct and indirect pulp capping. 

13. Inlays II. advantages and disadvantages. 

Cementing or bonding the different 

materials. 

14. Endodontically treated teeth and their 

coronal restoration. 

Inlay preparation. 

Practicing the different types of preparations and 

fillings. 

15. Veneers. Practicing the different types of preparations and 

fillings.


PRECLINICAL COURSE OF OPERATIVE DENTISTRY II. 



(1 hrs/week) (3.5 hrs/week) 

1. Field isolation. Rubber dam and its instruments Reception of instruments. Repetion of the 

first semester. Practice I., II., III., IV., V. 

Class cavities preparation. Retentive 

cavity, modified cavity preparation for 

bonded restorations 

2. The materials of pulp cupping. The effect of 

Ca(OH)2 on the vital pulp tissue 

Practice placement of sealers, liners or 

bases into different type of cavity practice 

II. class amalgam filling and polishing 

3. Anatomy of the coronal and root canal pulp Practice direct and indirect pulp cupping 

plastic and natural teeth with different 

materials 

4. Root Canal Treatment (RCT) I. step by step: 

Open the pulp chamber, trepanation, removal 

of coronal pulp, facilitation of instrument 

placement, minimizing of instrument flexure, 

locating root canal orifice. ITS instrument. 

Length determination by radiography and 

electronic apex locator 

5. RCT II. Chemo-mechanical root canal 

preparation. Cleaning, shaping, enlarging. 

Irrigants and irrigation 

6. RCT III. Hand instruments for mechanical 

treatment. Traditional stainless steel and NiTi 

instruments 

Practice I. and II. class inlay preparation 

in plastic tooth. Bite registration with 

warm wax. Fabrication of inlay in wax 

Endodontics: Place of trepanation in 

different type of extracted human teeth. 

Instruments for trepanation of pulp 

chamber. Access to pulp chamber and 

orifie of root canal probe the root canal 

The significance of probe of root canal. 

Length determination on human teeth. X- 

ray control. Pulp extirpation. Enlarging the 

coronal third of root canal 

7. RCT IV. Rotary (gates-glidden drills, profile, 

light speed), sonic and ultrasonic instruments. 

Laser in root canal treatment 


Mechanical root canal treatment in 

practice cleaning, shaping, enlarging with 

different instruments and methods 

9. RCT V. Materials for chemical treatment of root 

canal. Removing of soft tissue, bacteria, smear 

layer, dentin 

10. RCT VI. method of mechanical treatment: 

standard, step-back, step-down, balanced force 

techniques 

11. RCT. VII. Temporary and definite obturation 

and its materials (Ca(OH)2), gutta-percha, 

sealers) drying the canal (paper point) choose 

of gutta-percha core, test the core in the canal, 

X-ray control 

12. RCT. VIII. Ideal properties of sealers and 

obturation materials 

Practice, step-back, step-down, balaced 

forced techniques on extracted human 

teeth chemical cleaning: instruments, 

materials 

Practice root canal treatment, drying, 

gutta-percha core choose and test in 

prepared canal, X-ray control 

Practice root canal filling: lentulo and 

lateral condensation method. Removing of 

overhanging gutta-percha part. Use of 

different sealers 

Practice root canal chemo-mechanical 

treatment and temporary obturation with 

Ca(OH)2 and other temporary fillings. 

Obturants

190 

13. RCT. IX. Instruments, methods for root canal 

obturation: rotary: lentulo; hand: spreaders. 

Fabricated cone; rolled gutta-percha; warm 

lateral or vertical condensation, injected warm 

gutta-percha (carrier-base) gutta-percha 

14. RCT. X. Conditions of definitive obturation. 

Coronal seal 

15. Retreatment: Succes and/or failure. Removal of 

filling materials. Post removal. Surgical 

treatment 


Practice the whole process of root canal 

treatment and obturation. 

Practice the restoration of the 

endodontically treated tooth. Removal of 

root canal filling 

Practice removal of root canal filling 

materials, sealers, gutta-percha 

GENERAL AND DENTAL RADIOLOGY 


WEEK LECTURE 

PRACTICE 


1. The basics of the general radiology I. The occlusal, panoramic, periapical bite-wing 

radiographes image taking. 

2. The basics of the general radiology II. The occlusal, panoramic, periapical bite-wing 


3. Investigating methods of dental radiology, 

image techniques in dental radiology I.The 

anatomy of the teeth and jaws in the dental 

radiology I. 

The occlusal, panoramic, periapical bite-wing 



image techniques in dental radiology II.The 

anatomy of teeth and jaws in the dental 

radiology II. 


image techniques in dental radiology III.The 


radiology III. 

6. The investigating methods of dental radiology, 

image techniques in dental radiology IV.The 


radiology IV. 

7. Radiographic diagnosis methods for the 

malposition teeth and eruption anomalies of 

the teeth. Written assesment 










9. Radiographic diagnostic methods in the 

conservative dentistry. 

10. Radiographic diagnostic methods for the 

paradontal diseases. 


dentogene sinusitis. 

12. Radiographic diagnostic methods in maxillofacial 

traumatology. 

13. Radiographic diagnostic methods for the cysts 

in jaws. Written assesment. 












tumors in jaws 

15. 


radiographs image taking.


PRE-CLINICAL COURSE OF ORAL SURGERY 



( 2 hrs/week) (2 hrs/week) 

1. General knowleges of Oral surgery. Asepsis, 

antisepsis. 

Instruments of dentoalveolar surgery. 

2. Anaesthetic methods in Oral surgery. / Applied 

anatomy in dentistry. 

Instruments of dentoalveolar surgery. 

3. Complications of local anaesthesia. / Patient 

presentation. 

Local anaesthetics. 

4. Indications of tooth extractions. Forceps 

extraction, surgical extraction. 

Patient examination. 

5. Impacted teeth. / Patient presentation. Practice of local anaesthesia. 

6. Complications of exodontia. / Patient 

presentation. 

Practice of local anaesthesia. 

7. Accidental opening of maxillary sinus. / Patient 

presentation. 

Steps of tooth extraction. 

8. Acut infections of the oral cavity. Chronic periapical infections. / Steps of tooth extraction. 

Patient presentation. 

9. Apicectomy. / Patient presentation. Steps of tooth extraction. 


11. Factors that causes trismus. / Patient 

presentation. 

Practice of tooth extraction on phantom. 

12. Cists of bone and soft tissue od the oral cavity 

and contigous structures. / Patient presentation. 

Practice of tooth extraction on phantom. 

13. Traumatic injuries of the teeth and alveolar 

process. 

Oral midterm exam. 

14. TEST EXAM Suturas in dentoalveolar surgery. 

15. Practice of suturing.

192 


PREVENTIVE DENTISTRY 




1. Objectives of preventive dentistry 

2. Definition of dental caries, role of fluorides 

3. The effect of diet for general health 

4. The effect of diet for dental caries 

5. Preventive measures in periodontology 

6. Definition and prevention of dental anomalies 

7. Preventive measures in prosthodontics 


9. Iatrogen infections in dentistry and their 

prevention 

10. Aethiology of oral precancerous lesions and 

their prevention 

11. Oral hygiene measures in prevention 

12. Preventive measures for oral cancer 

13. Oral hygiene measures in prevention 

14. Preventive measures for oral cancer 

15. Preventive measures for oral cancer


Faculty of Pharmacy


GENERAL INFORMATION REGARDING THE CREDIT SYSTEM 

At the Faculty of Pharmacy the credit system was introduced in the academic year 2002/2003, in the academic year 

2006/2007 it applies to all pharmacy students. 

I. STRUCTURE OF STUDIES 

Students should acquire 300 credits in order to obtain the Master of Pharmacy degree. Credits have to be 

collected according to the following scheme: 

Compulsory subjects: 240 credits 

Compulsory elective subjects: 44 credits 

Elective subjects: 16 credits 

Students have to obtain min. 80 credits until the end of the fourth semester. 

II. EXPRESSIONS 

• Compulsory subject: It is obligatory to take all compulsory subjects during your studies. 

• Compulsory elective subject: It is compulsory to choose from the courses offered in order to gain 44 

credits according to the following: 

- Subjects of the ninth semester: one has to acquire min. 12 credits 

- Students have to submit a thesis in the tenth semester (10 credits) 

- 24 weeks of compulsory pharmacy practice, including 4 weeks of hospital practice (22 credits) 

• Elective subject: One can choose from the subjects given in order to get 16 credits during the studies. 

• Criteria subject: Completion of criteria subjects is a precondition for receiving the diploma after finishing 

the fifth year. Criteria subjects have no credits allocated to. Criteria subjects are Physical Training (4 

semesters) and summer practices. 

• Course requirement: Certain subjects (courses) can only be taken if the subject requirement has been 

met. This means that the precondition for attending the course is the successful completion of the subject 

defined in the course requirement. 

The precondition of acceptance of a certain subject is the parallel completion of both the theoretical and 

practical part.

Code of 

Subject 

2006/2007 1st year fall, 1st semester 


Course Department Lecturer 

PHARMACY 

Hrs/week: 

Theory 

Hrs/week: 

Practice 

Form of 

exam 

Credit 

Course 

Requirement 


GYTKKA041 Physics-Biophysics Experimental Physics 

PÉTER MAKRA department 

2 - ESR(5) 2 - 

Department 

associate 

GYTKKA011 History of Pharmacy Phramaceutical Chemistry Dr. LAJOS SIMON associate 

2 - ESE 2 - 

Department 

professor 

GYTKKA021 Mathematics (theory) Department of Medical Dr. JÁNOS KARSAI senior research 2 - ESE 3 - 

Informatics 

associate 

GYTKKA022 Mathematics (practice) Department of Medical Dr. JÓZSEF ELLER senior research - 2 CTPK(5) 2 - 

Informatics 

associate 

GYTKKA031 Informatics Department of Medical Dr. FERENC PETÁK associate - 2 CTPK(5) 2 - 

Informatics 

professor 

GYTKKA051 General Chemistry (theory) Physical Chemistry Department Dr. ÁRPÁD SZŐCS associate 2 - ESE 3 - 

professor 

GYTKKA052 General Chemistry (practice) Physical Chemistry Department Dr. ATTILA HORVÁTH assistant - 4 CTPK(5) 3 - 

professor 

GYTKKA071 Pharmaceutical Biology (theory) Medical Genetics Department Prof. habil. JÁNOS SZABÓ Head of 2 - ESE 3 - 

Department 

GYTKKA072 Pharmaceutical Biology (practice) Medical Genetics Department Prof. habil. JÁNOS SZABÓ, Head of - 2 S 3 - 

Department 

GYTKKA111 Anatomy Anatomy Department Prof. habil. ANDRÁS MIHÁLY Head 2 - ESE 2 - 

of Department 

GYTKKA491 English Language I. Department of Foreign Dr. ÉVA DEMETER language - 2 CTPK(5) 0 - 

Languages 

teacher, Head of Department 

GYTKKA501 Latin Language Department of Foreign Dr. ÉVA DEMETER language - 2 CTPK(5) 2 - 

Languages 


GYTKKA471 Hungarian Language Department of Foreign Dr. ÉVA DEMETER language - 4 CTPK(5) 2 - 

Languages 



GYTKKA891 Radiochemistry Pharmaceutical Analysis Prof. habil. GYÖRGY DOMBI 2 - ESR(5) 2 - 

Department 

professor, Head of Department 

GYTKKA1041 Short History of Hungary Behavioural Sciences 

SERFİZİNÉ Dr. TÓTH ADÉL 1 - ESR(5) 2 - 

Department 

assistant professor 


XT Physical Training 1 - S 0 - 

Total: 

16 18 33

Code of 

Subject 

2006/2007 1st year spring, 2nd semester 



PHARMACY 

Hrs/week: 

Theory 

Hrs/week: 

Practice 

Form of 

exam 

Credit 

Course 

Requirement 




2 - ESE 3 GYTKKA041 

Department 

associate 



- 3 CTPK(5) 2 GYTKKA041 

Department 

associate 

GYTKKA081 Inorganic Chemistry Analitical Chemistry Department Prof. György Dombi Professor, 3 - ESE 4 GYTKKA061 

Head of Department 

GYTKKA091 Qualitative Chemical Analysis (theory) Pharmaceutical Chemistry Dr. Tamás Martinek associate 2 - ESE 3 GYTKKA051;052 

Department 

professor 

GYTKKA092 Qualitative Chemical Analysis (practice) Pharmaceutical Chemistry Dr. Tamás Martinek associate - 5 CTPK(5) 4 GYTKKA051;052 

Department 

professor 

GYTKKA101 Quantitative Chemical Analysis (theory) Inorganic and Analitical Dr. Galbács Gábor associate 2 - S 0 - 

Chemistry Dept. 

professor 

GYTKKA102 Quantitative Chemical Analysis (practice) Inorganic and Analitical Dr. Gajdáné Dr. Schrantz Krisztina - 4 CTPK(5) 4 - 



GYTKKA113 Anatomy Anatomy Department Prof. Mihály András professor, 2 - ESE 2 GYTKKA111 


GYTKKA541 Biostatistics (theory) Department of Medical Dr. Krisztina Boda associate 

1 - ESE 2 - 

Informatics 

professor 

GYTKKA542 Biostatistics (practice) Department of Medical Dr. Krisztina Boda associate 

- 1 S 0 - 

Informatics 

professor 

GYTKKA361 First Aid and Resuscitation (theory) National Ambulance Service Dr. Marianna Simon head physician 1 - S 0 - 

GYTKKA362 First Aid and Resuscitation (practice) National Ambulance Service Dr. Marianna Simon head physician - 1 CTPK(5) 2 - 

GYTKKA492 English Language Department of Foreign 

Languages 

GYTKKA472 Hungarian Language II. Department of Foreign 

Languages 

Elective Subjects (2 subjects) 

GYTKKA901 General Regulations in Chemistry Pharnmaceutical Analysis 

Department 

GYTKKA1042 Short History of Hungary Behavioural Sciences 

Department 

Total: 

Dr. ÉVA DEMETER language 




Prof. habil. GYÖRGY DOMBI Head 

of Department 

SERFİZİNÉ Dr. TÓTH ADÉL 




2 - ESR(5) 2 - 

1 - ESR(5) 2 GYTKKA1041 

16 20 32

Code of 

Subject 

2006/2007 2nd year fall, 3rd semester 



PHARMACY 

Hrs/week: 

Theory 

Hrs/week: 

Practice 

Form of 

exam 

Credit 

Course 

Requirement 


GYTKKA103 Quantitative Chemical Analysis (theory) Inorganic and Analitical Dr. ANTAL PÉTER professor 3 - Final 4 GYTKKA101 


GYTKKA104 Quantitative Chemical Analysis (practice) Inorganic and Analitical Dr. GAJDÁNÉ DR. SCHRANTZ - 4 CTPK(5) 3 GYTKKA102 


KRISZTINA assistant professor 

GYTKKA121 Organic Chemistry (theory) Organic Chemistry Department Dr. ÁGNES ZSIGMOND associate 4 - ESE 4 - 

professor 

GYTKKA122 Organic Chemistry (practice) Organic Chemistry Department Dr. IMRE BUCSI assistant professor - 4 CTPK(5) 3 - 

GYTKKA141 Pharmaceutical Botany Pharmacognosy Department Dr. ZSUZSANNA HAJDÚ assistant 1 - ESE 2 - 

professor 

GYTKKA151 Physiology (theory) Physiology Department Prof. habil. GYÖRGY BENEDEK 4 - ESE 4 GYTKKA113 


GYTKKA152 Physiology (practice) Physiology Department Dr. BALÁZS BODOSI assistant - 2 CTPK(5) 2 GYTKKA113 

professor 

GYTKKA131 Physical Chemistry Physical Chemistry Department Dr. GÁBOR PEINTLER assistant 2 - ESE 2 GYTKKA021;022;051 

professor 

GYTKKA161 Colloid Chemistry (theory) Colloid Chemistry Department Dr. ETELKA TOMBÁCZ associate 2 - ESE 3 - 

professor 

GYTKKA162 Colloid Chemistry (practice) Colloid Chemistry Department Dr. MÁRTA SZEKERES assistant - 2 S 0 - 

professor 

GYTKKA473 Hungarian Language III. Department of Foreign Dr. ÉVA DEMETER language - 4 S 0 GYTKKA472 

Languages 



GYTKKA891 Radiochemistry Pharmaceutical Analysis Prof. habil. GYÖRGY DOMBI Head 2 - ESR(5) 2 - 

Department 

of Department 


XT Physical Training 1 S 0 - 

Total: 

18 17 29

Code of 

Subject 

2006/2007 2nd year spring, 4th semester 



PHARMACY 

Hrs/week: 

Theory 

Hrs/week: 

Practice 

Form of 

exam 

Credit 

Course 

Requirement 


GYTKKA131 Physical Chemistry Physical Chemistry Department Dr. GÁBOR PEINTLER assistant - 5 CTPK(5) 4 

professor 

GYTKKA123 Organic Chemistry (theory) Organic Chemistry Department Dr. ÁGNES ZSIGMOND associate 3 - Final 4 GYTKKA121 

professor 

GYTKKA124 Organic Chemistry (practice) Organic Chemistry Department Dr. IMRE BUCSI assistant professor - 4 CTPK(5) 3 GYTKKA122 

GYTKKA142 Pharmaceutical Botany Pharmacognosy Department Dr. ZSUZSANNA HAJDÚ assistant 2 - ESE 3 GYTKKA141 

professor 

GYTKKA143 Pharmaceutical Botany Pharmacognosy Department Dr. ZSUZSANNA HAJDÚ assistant - 2 CTPK(5) 2 GYTKKA142 

professor 

GYTKKA153 Physiology (theory) Physiology Department Prof. habil. GYÖRGY BENEDEK 4 - Final 6 GYTKKA151;152 


GYTKKA154 Physiology (practice) Physiology Department Dr. BALÁZS BODOS assistant - 2 S 0 GYTKKA151;152 

professor 

GYTKKA171 Biochemistry Biochemistry Department Prof. habil.LÁSZLÓ DUX professor, 4 - ESE 4 GYTKKA113;151;152 


GYTKKA591 Pharmaceutical Propedeutics Pharmaceutical Technology Prof. habil. ISTVÁN ERİS professor 2 - ESE 3 - 

Department 

GYTKKA474 Hungarian Language IV. Department of Foreign Dr. ÉVA DEMETER language - 4 S 0 GYTKKA473 

Languages 



GYTKKA1051 Basic Communication Department of Drug Regulatory Dr. ILDIKÓ CSÓKA associate 2 - ESR(5) 2 

Affairs 

professor 


XT Physical Training - 1 S 0 - 

Total: 

17 18 31

Code of 

Subject 

2006/2007 3rd year fall, 5th semester 



PHARMACY 


GYTKKA181 Pharmacognosy (theory) Pharmacognosy Department Prof. habil. IMRE MÁTHÉ 


GYTKKA182 Pharmacognosy (theory) Pharmacognosy Department Dr. MÁRIA BÁTHORI associate 

professor 

GYTKKA231 Pharmaceutical Chemistry Pharmaceutical Chemistry Prof. habil. FERENC FÜLÖP 

Department 


GYTKKA232 Pharmaceutical Chemistry Pharmaceutical Chemistry Prof. habil. ZSOLT SZAKONYI 

Department 

associate professor 

GYTKKA221 Pharmaceutical Technology Pharmaceutical Technology Prof. habil. PIROSKA RÉVÉSZ 

Department 


GYTKKA201 Microbiology Microbiology Department Prof. habil. YVETTE MÁNDI 


GYTKKA202 Microbiology Microbiology Department Prof. habil. YVETTE MÁNDI 


GYTKKA211 Immunology Microbiology Department Prof. habil. YVETTE MÁNDI 


GYTKKA191 Pathophysiology Pathophysiology Department Prof. habil. GYULA SZABÓ 


GYTKKA192 Pathophysiology Pathophysiology Department Prof. habil. GYULA SZABÓ 




Hrs/week: 

Theory 

Hrs/week: 

Practice 

Form of 

exam 

Credit 

Course 

Requirement 

3 - ESE 3 GYTKKA123;142;143 

- 4 CTPK(5) 3 GYTKKA123;142;143 

4 - ESE 5 GYTKKA091;092;103;1 

04;123;124 

- 6 CTPK(5) 5 GYTKKA091;092;103;1 

04;123;124 

2 - S 0 GYTKKA131;132;161;1 

62 

3 - ESE 4 GYTKKA071;113;153 

- 2 S 0 GYTKKA113;071;072;1 

53;154 

2 - ESE 2 GYTKKA071;153;171 

2 - ESE 3 GYTKKA113;153;154;1 

71 

- 2 S 0 GYTKKA113;153;154;1 

71 


GYTKKA475 Hungarian Language V. Department of Foreign 

Languages 


GYTKKA840 Communication in Pharm. Practice Department of Drug Regulatory Dr. ILDIKÓ CSÓKA associate 

Affairs 

professor 


XT Physical Training 0 1 S 0 

Total: 

18 18 31 

2 - ESR(5) 2 -


Code of 

Subject 

2006/2007 3rd year spring, 6th semester 


PHARMACY 


GYTKKA183 Pharmacognosy (theory) Pharmacognosy Department Prof. habil. IMRE MÁTHÉ 


GYTKKA184 Pharmacognosy (theory) Pharmacognosy Department Dr. MÁRIA BÁTHORI associate 

professor 

GYTKKA231 Pharmaceutical Chemistry Pharmaceutical Chemistry Prof. habil. FERENC FÜLÖP 

Department 


GYTKKA232 Pharmaceutical Chemistry Pharmaceutical Chemistry Prof. habil. ZSOLT SZAKONYI 

Department 

associate professor 

GYTKKA222 Pharmaceutical Technology Pharmaceutical Technology Prof. habil. PIROSKA RÉVÉSZ 

Department 


GYTKKA223 Pharmaceutical Technology Prescription Pharmaceutical Technology 

Pharmacy I. 

Department 

GYTKKA224 Pharmaceutical Technology Galenic Prep. Pharmaceutical Technology Prof. habil. PIROSKA RÉVÉSZ 

and Their Manufacture 

Department 


GYTKKA193 Pathophysiology Lecture Pathophysiology Department Prof. habil. GYULA SZABÓ 


GYTKKA194 Pathophysiology Practice Pathophysiology Department Prof. habil. GYULA SZABÓ 


GYTKKA241 Biopharmacy Pharmacodynamics Department Dr. GÁBOR BLAZSÓ, associate 

professor Dr. ISTVÁN ZUPKÓ, 


GYTKKA242 Biopharmacy Pharmacodynamics Department Dr. ÁRPÁD MÁRKI assistant 

professor 

GYTKKA476 Hungarian Language VI. Department of Foreign Dr. ÉVA DEMETER language 

Languages 


Total: 

Hrs/week: 

Theory 

Hrs/week: 

Practice 

Form of 

exam 

Credit 

Course 

Requirement 

2 - Final 3 GYTKKA181 

- 4 CTPK(5) 3 GYTKKA181;182 

4 - Final 5 GYTKKA091;092;103;1 

04;123;124 

- 6 CTPK(5) 5 GYTKKA091;092;103;1 

04;123;124 




2 - ESE 4 GYTKKA191;211 

- 2 S 0 GYTKKA191;192 

2 - ESE 2 GYTKA022;153;171 

- 3 CTPK(5) 2 GYTKA021;022;153;15 

4;171 


12 24 33


Code of 

Subject 

2006/2007 4th year fall, 7th semester 

GYTKKA261 

GYTKKA262 

GYTKKA225 

GYTKKA226 


Pharmaceutical Analysis (theory) 

Pharmaceutical Analysis (practice) 


Pharmaceutical Technology 

Pharmaceutical Technology Prescription 

Pharmacy II. 

Pharmaceutical Analysis 

Department 

Pharmaceutical Analysis 

Department 


Department 


Department 

PHARMACY 

Prof. habil. GYÖRGY DOMBI 


Prof. habil. GYÖRGY DOMBI 


Prof. habil. PIROSKA RÉVÉSZ 

Professor, Head of Department 



GYTKKA227 

Pharmaceutical Technology Sterile and 

Aseptic Drug Formulations 


Department 



Prof. habil. GYÖRGY FALKAY 

GYTKKA251 Pharmacodynamics Pharmacodynamics Department professor, Head of Department 

Prof. habil. GYÖRGY FALKAY 

GYTKKA252 Pharmacodynamics Pharmacodynamics Department professor, Head of Department 

Prof. habil. LÁSZLÓ 

NAGYMAJTÉNYI professor,Head of 

GYTKKA271 Public Health Public Health Department Department 

Department of Drug Regulatory Dr. ILDIKÓ CSÓKA assistant 

GYTKKA281 Ethics in Pharmacy 

Affairs 

professor 

Department of Drug Regulatory Prof. TAMÁS PAÁL professor, Head 

GYTKKA291 Introduction to Law 

Affairs 

of Department 

Department of Drug Regulatory Prof. TAMÁS PAÁL professor, Head 

GYTKKA301 Introduction to Economy 

Affairs 

of Department 

Department of Foreign Dr. ÉVA DEMETER language 

GYTKKA477 Hungarian Language VII. 

Languages 


Elective Subject 

GYTKKA1031 Illicite Drug Use Psychiatry Department Prof. habil. GÁBOR BÁLINT 

professor 

GYTKKA840 Communication in Pharm. Practice Department of Drug Regulatory Dr. ILDIKÓ CSÓKA associate 

Affairs 

professor 

Total: 

Hrs/week: 

Theory 

Hrs/week: 

Practice 

Form of 

exam 

Credit 

Course 

Requirement 

2 - ESE 3 GYTKKA233;234 

- 5 CTPK(5) 4 GYTKKA233;234 

2 - S 0 GYTKKA222 

- 5 CTPK(5) 5 GYTKKA222;223 


3 - ESE 3 GYTKKA153,193,241 

- 3 CTPK(5) 2 GYTKKA153,154,193,2 

41,242 

2 - ESR(5) 1 GYTKKA153,154,193,2 

01,211 


2 - ESE 2 - 

2 - ESE 2 - 



2 - ESR(5) 2 - 

19 18 31

Code of 

Subject 

2006/2007 4th year spring, 2nd semester 



PHARMACY 

Hrs/week: 

Theory 

Hrs/week: 

Practice 

Form of 

exam 

Credit 

Course 

Requirement 


GYTKKA228 Pharmaceutical Technology Pharmaceutical Technology Prof. habil. PIROSKA RÉVÉSZ 2 - Final 5 GYTKKA225 

Department 


GYTKKA229 Pharmaceutical Technology Prescription Pharmaceutical Technology Prof. habil. PIROSKA RÉVÉSZ - 3 CTPK(5) 2 GYTKKA225;226 

Pharmacy III. 

Department 


GYTKKA2292 Pharmaceutical Technology Tablet and Pharmaceutical Technology Prof. habil. PIROSKA RÉVÉSZ - 3 CTPK(5) 2 GYTKKA225 

Tablet Coating 

Department 


GYTKKA2293 Pharmaceutical Technology Investigation of Pharmaceutical Technology Prof. habil. PIROSKA RÉVÉSZ - 4 CTPK(5) 3 GYTKKA225 

Dosage Forms 

Department 


GYTKKA253 Pharmacodynamics-Toxicology Pharmacodynamics Department Prof. habil. GYÖRGY FALKAY 3 - ESE 3 GYTKKA251;252 


GYTKKA254 Pharmacodynamics-Toxicology Pharmacodynamics Department Prof. habil. GYÖRGY FALKAY - 3 CTPK(5) 2 GYTKKA251;252 


GYTKKA272 Public Health Public Health Department Prof. habil. LÁSZLÓ 


NAGYMAJTÉNYI professor,Head of 

Department 

GYTKKA311 Regulatory Affairs Department of Drug Regulatory Prof. TAMÁS PAÁL Professor, Head 2 - Final 6 GYTKKA291;301 

Affairs 

of Department 

GYTKKA481 Clinical Laboratory Practice Pharmacodynamics Department Prof. habil. GYÖRGY FALKAY 2 - ESE 2 GYTKKA153;193;253 


GYTKKA482 Clinical Laboratory Practice Pharmacodynamics Department Prof. habil. GYÖRGY FALKAY - 2 S 0 GYTKKA153;193;481 


GYTKKA478 Hungarian Language VIII. Department of Foreign Dr. ÉVA DEMETER language - 2 Final 0 GYTKKA477 

Languages 



GYTKKA720 Medicines, Drug and Drug Control Pharmacognosy Department Dr. Kálmán Szendrei professor 2 - ESR(5) 2 - 

emeritus 

Total: 13 17 30

Code of 

Subject 

2006/2007 5th year 1st semester 



PHARMACY 

Hrs/week: 

Theory 

Hrs/week: 

Practice 

Form of 

exam 

Credit 

Course 

Requirement 


GYTKKA331 Fundamentals of Clinical Therapy 2nd Department of Internal Dr. GRÚBER NOÉMI 3 - ESE 4 GYTKKA153;193;253 

Medicine 

GYTKKA341 Clinical Pharmacy Institute of Clinical Pharmacy Dr. GYÖNGYVÉR SOÓS associate 2 - ESE 3 GYTKKA193;241;272 


GYTKKA255 Pharmacodynamics Pharmacodynamics Department Prof. habil. GYÖRGY FALKAY 3 - Final 5 GYTKKA253;254 


GYTKKA256 Pharmacodynamics Pharmacodynamics Department Prof. habil. GYÖRGY FALKAY - 3 CTPK(5) 2 GYTKKA253;254 


GYTKKA351 Pharmaceutical Care Institute of Clinical Pharmacy Dr. GYÖNGYVÉR SOÓS associate - 3 CTPK(5) 2 GYTKKA193;241;272 


GYTKKA371 Natural Treatments Pharmacodynamics Department Prof. habil. GYÖRGY FALKAY 


2 - ESE 2 GYTKKA043;183;193;2 

53 

Pharmacy Practice 1. (8 weeks) 40 hrs CTPK(5) 6 


GTYKKA461 Ward Pharmacy (Clinical Pharmacy II) Institute of Clinical Pharmacy Dr. GYÖNGYVÉR SOÓS associate 


GYTKKA451 Pharmaceutical Psychology Psychiatry Department Dr. TIBOR RUDISCH assistant 

professor 

GYTKKA441 Tropical Medicine Psychiatry Department Prof. habil. GÁBOR BÁLINT 

professor 

GYTKKA321 Veterinary Pharmacy Pharmacodynamics Department Prof. habil. GYÖRGY FALKAY 


GYTKKA421 Quality Insurance 

Department of Drug Regulatory Prof. TAMÁS PAÁL Professor, Head 

Affairs 

of Department 

GYTKKA691 Human Genetics Department of Medical Genetics Prof. JÁNOS SZABÓ, professor, 



GYTKKA361 Computerized Dosage Form Planning Pharmaceutical Technology Dr. GÉZA REGDON, associate 

Department 

professor 

GYTKKA571 Everyday Dermatology Institute of Clinical Pharmacy Dr. GYÖNGYVÉR SOÓS associate 


Total: 

PHARMACY 

2 - ESE 2 GYTKKA193;241;253 

2 - ESE 2 GYTKKA153,193; 

parallel:255 

2 - ESE 2 GYTKKA153; 

parallel:191 


3 - ESE 3 - 

1 ESE 2 - 

- 2 CTPK(5) 2 - 

2 - ESE 2 - 

24 8 41


Code of 

Subject 

2006/2007 5th year 2nd semester 



Pharmacy Practice 2. (16 weeks) 40 hrs CTPK(5) 16 

Hrs/week: 

Theory 

Hrs/week: 

Practice 

Form of 

exam 

Credit 

Course 

Requirement 

Thesis defence 10 

Total: 

26

206 


5th year / Spring semester 

Subjects Hours per week Form 

theory practice of examination 

Practice 16x35 CTPK(5) 

Thesis - DEFENCE 

The deadline of submitting the thesis is February 28, 2006 

Pharmacy students perform a 16 weeks clerkship (12 successive weeks in public pharmacies, 4 weeks can be accomplished in 

pharmacy, pharmaceutical factory, galenical laboratory, university department or hospital pharmacy). 

Fees: 

From the academic year 2005/2006 fifth year pharmacy students have to pay the whole tuition fee for the second semester of 

the fifth year. 

INTERIM PRACTICE 

2nd year pharmacy students perform a practice of 4 weeks in a pharmacy. 

3rd and 4th year pharmacy students perform an elective 4 weeks practice (pharmacy, pharmaceutical factory, 

galenical laboratory, university department or hospital/clinical pharmacy). 

5th year pharmacy students perform a 16 weeks clerkship. (12 successive weeks in public pharmacies, 4 weeks can 

be accomplished see the possibilities above.)


SYLLABUSES FOR 1ST YEAR PHARMACY STUDENTS 

PHYSICS-BIOPHYSICS 

AUTUMN TERM 

LECTURES 

Flow of fluids 

Flow of incompressible fluids. Flow of ideal fluids. Flow of viscous fluids. Laminar and turbulent flow. Intermittent flow in 

tubes with elastic walls. Non-Newtonian fluids 

Diffusion 

Fick’s first law. General equation of continuity. Fick’s second law. One-dimensional free diffusion and its role in the gas 

exchange of erythrocytes. The oxygen supply of tissues 

Heat transport 

Heat conduction. Heat convection. Heat radiation. Evaporation. Heat exchange between the human body and its environment. 

Medical applications of heat supply or extraction 

Transport through biological membranes 

Passive diffusion. Facilitated diffusion. Active transport 

Membrane balance of neutral particles, osmosis 

Van’t Hoff’s law. The physiological significance of osmosis 

Membrane potentials 

Origin of membrane potentials. Diffusion potential. Determining the membrane potential experimentally. Resting potential. 

Action potential 

The experimental basis of quantum mechanics 

Laws of thermal radiation. Photoelectric effect. The Franck–Hertz experiment. The spectrum of the hydrogen atom. Particlewave 

duality. Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle 

Conservation of energy 

Conservative and nonconservative forces. Potential energy. Quantitative relation for potential energy. The law conservation of 

energy. 

SPRING TERM 

LECTURES 

Optical spectroscopy 

The theoretical basis of optical spectroscopy: luminescence properties and the energy-level structure of molecules. 

Experimental methods of molecular spectroscopy: atom absorption, atom fluorescence, molecular absorption and molecular 

fluorescence spectroscopy 

Lasers 

Special properties of laser radiation. Physical principles of laser operation. Laser types. Lasers in medical practice 

X-rays 

General properties of X-rays. X-ray sources. X-ray spectra. The attenuation of X-rays in a medium. Medical applications of X- 

rays. Determining molecular structure with the help of X-ray diffraction 

Radioactivity 

Radioactive decay law. Types of nucleus decay: α-decay, β-decay, positron decay, K-electron capture, γ-radiation 

Dosimetry 

Dose units. Ionising radiation and the human being: effects of radiation, hit theories, radiation protection 

Radiation meters 

The gas ionisation method: proportional counters, the Geiger–Müller counter. The excitation method. The photographic 

method. 

Radioactive tracers 

Determining volume with a dilution method. Analysis of metabolic processes. Distribution analysis 

PRACTICALS 

Basic instruments for length measurement. Measuring liquid density using Mohr’s and Westphal’s hydrometer 

Measurement of mass; the dependence of balance sensitivity on load. Density measurements with a picnometer 

Measuring surface tension with a stalagmometer. Measuring the conductivity of electrolytes 

Ostwald’s capillary viscosimeter. Höppler’s viscosimeter 

Analysis of DC circuits. Temperature measurements with a thermistor

208 


Analysing signal shapes with a cathode-ray oscilloscope 

Studying radioactivity with a Geiger–Müller tube 

Determining the focal length of optical lenses 

Determining the magnification and numerical aperture of a microscope 

Measuring refractive index with an Abbe refractometer 

Obtaining the absorbtion spectra of solutions with a spectrophotometer 

Investigating emission spectra with a prism spectroscope 

Studying optical activity 

Investigation of heating and cooling kinetics 

Amplifiers 

HISTORY OF PHARMACY 

Medicinal treatments and medicines in ancient societies: in prehistoric times, in Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, China, Hellas and in 

the Roman Empire. 

The rise of Chistianity. Nestorius and Nestorians. Monasticism. 

Medieval medicine. Medicine under Islam. The establishment of the first pharmacy. 

Crusades. The rise of universities (Salerno, Montpellier and other European universities). 

The first medical decree. Foundation of the first medical faculty. 

Renaissance. Art and science in the Renaissance. The time of alchemy. 

The emergence of medicinal chemistry (iatrichemistry), Paracelsus. 

The formation of the European pharmacy, foundation of pharmacies. 

The "Age of Scientific Revolution", medicine and pharmacy in the 17th century. 

Innovations in the 17th century. The story of Cinchona bark. 

Medicine and pharmacy in the 18th century. Innovation in the 18th century. 

Medicine and pharmacy in the 19th and 20th centuries. Formation of pharmaceutical industry. 

The history of medical and pharmaceutical education. History of the Hungarian pharmaceutical education and postgraduate 

training of pharmacists. 

Dispensatoriums, Antidotariums. 

Pharmacopoeias, national and international pharmacopoeias, Ph.Hg.VII. 

National and international standards of drugs. 

Definition and classification of drug. Expiry date. Drugs and doses. Dosage forms. 

The principles of efficacy, safety of drug use. The therapeutic index and the margin of safety. 

Drug utilization: monitoring of drug consumption. Regulation and control of drug consumption. Tolerance, physical dependence 

and drug abuse. 

Naming of medical substances: Latinized and licensed (trade) names. The forms dispensation. Formula Magistralis, Normalis, 

Originalis, Nosocomialis. The three levels of drug production. 

Public, clinical and hospital pharmacies. The conditions of a working pharmacy. Administration work in pharmacies. 

The development of drug control. Drug control and quality assurance (GMP, GLP, GXP). Drug trade and the drug supply in 

Hungary. Pharmaceutical societies and chambers. 

International organization of health care. World Health Organization (WHO). International Red Cross (Red Crescent, Red Half- 

Moon). Commission of Narcotic Drugs. International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP). International Federation of Pharmaceutical 

Manufactures Association (IPFMA). European Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association (EPFMA).


MATHEMATICS 

OBJECTIVES 

During the course, those mathematical concepts, methods are concerned in the necessary depth, which are required to the study 

of Pharmacy. The visual meaning of the theoretical concepts is emphasized, they are introduced and illustrated by a number of 

practical examples and applications. 

LECTURES 

Basic concepts: sets, numbers, intervals, relations, functions. Elementary properties of functions: domain, range, graph, even/odd 

functions, periodicity, boundedness, monotonicity, concavity, maxima and minima. 

Elementary functions in the life sciences: Arithmetical and geometrical growth, power functions, exponential and logarithmic 

functions, trigonometric functions. Compositions, one-to-one functions, inverse function. Graphical study of functions and 

practical processes: elementary and logarithmic transformations, logarithmic plots. 

Limits, continuity, discontinuity: a graphical treatment with applications. Half-sided limits. Limit-arithmetic, undetermined limits 

and comparison of asymptotic decays. 

Instantaneous growth rate, derivative: definition, general and geometrical meaning (speed, slope of tangent line, monotonicity), 

equation of the tangent line. Method of linearization and its applications. Second derivative, acceleration and concavity. 

Differentiation rules (sum, difference, product, quotient, chain rule, inverse f.). Examples. Derivatives of elementary functions. 

Graphical differentiation. 

Applications: Relation between the growth and concavity and the derivatives, graphical and numerical study. Examination of 

functions, finding monotonicity, concavity; maxima, minima and the maximal growth rate and of processes in life sciences. 

Examples. 

Higher order derivatives. Approximation of functions around a point using the Taylor polynomial. Error term of the approximation. 

Examples. 

Antiderivative, indefinite integral: inversion of differentiation, understanding vector fields. Formal definition and graphical 

interpretation; properties; simple integration methods and rules (elementary rules, substitution, integration by parts). 

Definite integral: geometric meaning (area), and formal definition. Elementary properties and rules (sum, constant multiple, 

partial integration and substitution rule for definite integrals). The integral mean value. Simple numerical methods of integration. 

Area function, fundamental theorem of integral calculus, Newton-Leibniz formula, examples of usage. Applications: area between 

two curves; volumes of revolution; weight-point of a body; change of a function from the derivative. 

Functions of two variables: surface graph, planar intersections, contour lines. Partial derivatives and their geometrical meaning. 

Local minima and maxima. Functions of several variables. Curve fitting with the least square method, linear regression. 

Differential equations in Pharmacy: basic properties, vector fields, initial value problems, equilibria, autonomous systems. 

Graphical study. Solution in case of separable right hand sides. Linear equations, exponential decay. Logistic equations. Some 

external effects and their meaning in life sciences. Equations of drug elimination, dosing, infusion, population dynamics. Systems 

of linear equations; compartmental systems in pharmacokinetics. 

PRACTICALS 

Exercises and solutions of problems in the topics of the corresponding lectures.

210 


INFORMATICS 

PRACTICE-1st smester (15 weeks, 2 hrs/week) 

WEEK 

1. Basic concepts of informatics in life sciences. 

Terminology used in informatics and computer 

techniques. The role of the human component. 

2. Local and Network drives; File and folder 

operations on physical and logical drives. 

Overview of computer architecture. Hardware 

and software. Problems with national 

languages - solutions. 

3. Operating systems. Overview of distributed 

and real-time operating systems, multitasking. 

Computer networks: Novell Netware, Internet. 

Resource management, network 

communication. 

4. Creating formatted documents; stand-alone 

and shareble versions. Compatibility problems. 

PDF files. 

5. Manual and automatic text editing and 

formatting. The use of templates and styles. 

6. Simple vs. complex documents in life sciences. 

Tables, charts, ClipArt, WordArt, hypertext. 

7. Elements of desktop publishing. Paper and 

screen oriented versions. 


9. 1st practical test. 

10. Data types in the pharmacological sciences. 

Number, date, time, money, dimensions, etc. 

11. Practices on formulae, useful spreadsheet 

functions in life sciences. 

12. Statistical evaluation and graphical 

presentation of medical/pharmacological data. 

13. Slide presentation softwares. 

14. 2nd practical test. 

15. Computer aided measurement of bioelectrical 

signals. Data and image processing. 

Seeking medical/pharmacological Web-sites. 

Fine tuning of Internet browsers.


BIOSTATISTICS 

Course description: 

Aims: The subject is designed to give basic biostatistical knowledge commonly employed in pharmaceutical research and to learn 

modelling and interpreting results of computer programs. The main purpose is to learn how to find the most appropriate method 

to describe and present their data and to find significant differences or associations in the data set. 

Content: 

Data definition, types of data, displaying data. Characteristics of discrete and continuous distributions. Probability, random 

variables and their types, distributions. Some important distributions: binomial, Poisson, uniform and normal distribution and their 

properties. 

Statistical estimation, confidence intervals. Testing hypotheses, significance. Errors in hypothesis tests. One-sample t-test, paired 

and Independent samples t-tests. One-way analysis of variance. Relationship between continuous variables, correlation, linear 

regression. Relationship between categorical variables: contingency tables and χ2 test, The χ2 test for goodness of fit. 

Nonparametric methods. 

Lecture: 1 hour per week (New Educ. Center) 

Textbook: there is no textbook. Making notes at the lectures will help in preparing for the exam. A short note of the lectures will 

be given containing the most important definitions and description of the methods. A more detailed handout will be given in Word 

files. 

Recommended Textbooks: 

Arnold Naiman, Robert Rosenfeld, Gene Zirkel: Understanding Statistics. McGraw-Hill International Editions, 1983. 

Station A Glantz: Primer of Biostatistics. McGraw-Hill, 1992. 

M.J.Campbell, D.Machin: Medical Statistics. John Wiley & Sons, 1993. 

Practice: 1 hour per week (New Educ. Center) 

Attending practical lessons is compulsory. Practical lessons will be held in computing cabinets. Students will use computer 

program to practice methods described at the lecture and to study handling computers. 

Testing knowledge: 

On the practical lessons students have to make two tests for a maximum sum of 100 points. The sum of the two tests will be 

included into the final mark of the end-semester exam. The course will be accomplished by an end-semester exam. 

Rules of evaluation of practice: knowledge will be evaluated by a three grade system: 

Accomplishment Practice evaluation 

0-50 % not met requirements (NOMETRE) 

51-90 % met requirements /Passed (METRE/P)t 

90-100 % met requirements /High mark (METRE/H) 

Rules of evaluation of the end-semester exam 

The end-semester exam will be evaluated by a five-grade system. 

Knowledge acquired is tested based on subject matter defined by a list of topics. The exam is written; students have to 

evaluate a problem-sheet. The problem-sheet consists of the following parts: 

1. One of the topics 100 points 

2. 2 simple theoretical questions or definitions 70 points 

3. 1 simple practical problem to be solved by hand calculation 30 points 

Sum 

200 points 

The exam is failed if the accomplishment of the written exam is less than 100 points (50%), otherwise; points of the 

practice are added to the points of the exam: 

4. Points of practice 100 points 

Final sum 

300 points 

. 

Marks of the final exam are shown in the following table: 

Accomplishment, % Accomplishment, points Exam evaluation 

0 - 50 % 0-150 points failed (1) 

51-62.5 % 151-187.5 points passed (2) 

63-75 % 188-225 points acceptable (3) 

76 -90 % 226-270 points good (4) 

91-100 % 271-300 points very good (5)

212 


GENERAL AND INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 

FALL TERM 

LECTURES 

The science of chemistry 

Chemistry as physical science. Measurements and units in chemistry. 

The language of chemistry 

Atoms, molecules and formulas. The law of constant composition. The law of multiple proportions. Chemical formulas and 

names. Balanced chemical equations. Important types of chemical reactions. States of substances. Net ionic equations. 

Energy changes in chemical processes. 

Stoichiometry 

States of matter 

States of matter. Vapour pressure. The gaseous state. The ideal gas equation. Dalton's law of partial pressure. The kinetic 

theory of gases. Derivation of Boyle's law. Kinetic energy and temperature. Effusion and diffusion. Molecular speeds. Real 

gases. Critical phenomena. 

The structure of atoms 

The development of the atomic theory. The electron. X-rays and radioactivity. The nuclear atom. The development of the 

quantum theory. The photoelectronic effect. The Bohr model of the hydrogen atom. Waves and particles. The quantum 

mechanical description of the hydrogen atom. 

Atoms, electrons, the periodic table 

The quantum mechanical description of the hydrogen atom. Electronic configuration of multielectron atoms. Electrons in 

multielectron atoms. Ionization energy. Electron affinity. The periodic table of elements. Periodic trends in atomic sizes. A 

group trend exemplified: the alkali metals. Periodic trends in the oxides, hydrides and haloides of elements. 

The chemical bond 

Ionic bonds. The covalent bond. Electronegativity and bonding. Lewis structures. Resonance. Overlap of atomic orbitals. The 

molecular orbital method. Oxidation number. Weak interactions. 

Molecular structure and stability 

Molecular properties and geometry. Thermochemistry. 

The properties of solutions 

Terminology. Expressions of concentrations. Solubility. Vapour pressure of solutions. Boiling point and freezing point of 

solutions. Osmotic pressure. Solutions of electrolytes. Colloids. 

Chemical equilibrium 

The equilibrium state and the equilibrium constant. The principle of Le Chatelier. Calculation of gas phase equilibrium 

constant. Solutions of sparingly soluble substances: the solubility product. Qualitative analysis by selective precipitation. 

Acids and bases 

Definitions of acids and bases. Strength of acids and bases. Acid and base strength and chemical structure. Acid and base 

reactions in aqueous solution. Weak acids and weak bases. Neutralization and titration. Buffers. Polyprotic acids. 

Oxidation-reduction 

Oxidation-reduction reactions. Oxidation-reduction processes in aqueous solution. Electrolysis and Faraday's laws. Galvanic 

cells. Cell potentials. Electrode potentials. Potential and concentration. The nernst equation. Some important electron transfer 

processes. 

Chemical kinetics 

Rate of reaction. Reaction rate and concentration. Rate law and reaction mechanism. Reaction rate and temperature. Reaction 

rate and equilibrium. Catalysis. 

Coordination chemistry 

Structure of coordination compounds. Isomerism of coordination compounds. Bonding of coordination compounds. Lability 

and stability of coordination chemistry. Complex ions in aqueous equilibria. Some applications of coordination chemistry. 

PRACTICALS 

Chemical calculations 

The properties of gases. Concentration of solutions. The physical properties of solutions. Thermochemistry. Stoichiometry. 

Electrochemistry. Chemical equilibrium. Chemical equilibrium in solutions. Rate of chemical reactions. 

Laboratory experiments 

Separation of NaCl-CaCo 3 mixture by solvation and filtration. Preparation of distilled water and its comparison with tap water 

by simple analysis. 

Separation of the components of a mixture by sublimation. Undercooling. 

Preparation of solutions. Solubility studies. 

Study on the phenomenon of osmosis. Purification of crystalline potassium-aluminium sulphate by recrystallization.


Determination of the equivalent mass of magnesium. Determination of the molar volume of gases. 

Determination of the equivalent mass of zinc. Titration of NaOH solution with oxalic acid solution. 

Preparation of different types of chemical compounds. Preparation of a double salt. 

Study of heat of the solution. Determination of the heat capacity and the approximate atomic mass of a metal. 

Electrochemical reactions. Transformation of chemical energy into electrical energy. 

Oxidation of iodide ions to iodine. Oxidation reactions by KMnO 4 . 

Oxidation reactions by Fe(III) ions. Oxidation reaction by H 2 O 2 . 

Effect of concentration on the rate of reaction. Oscillating reactions. Temperature dependence of reaction rate. Effect of 

catalysts on reaction rate. 

Equilibrium constant. Hydrolysis of salt. Effect of temperature on the hydrolysis. Buffer solutions. Solubility of NaCl. 

SPRING TERM 

The aim of this course is to teach the students the following main topics: physical properties, structures, chemical 

behavior, synthesis and analysis of the elements on the systematic basis of the periodical table. They deal not only with classical 

inorganic chemistry but with aspects like: analytical, theoretical, industrial, organometallic, catalytic, bioinorganic of 

pharmaceutical chemistry. 

Classification of the elements based on the periodic table. Physical properties of the elements. Occurrence of the 

elements, isotopes. Synthesis and purification of the elements. General reaction routes of the elements. 

HYDROGEN 

Its place in the periodic table, electron configuration, physical properties, ortho and para hydrogen, isotopes of hydrogen, 

occurrence, synthesis and use of it. 

Its chemical properties, reactions, synthesis and use of some important compounds containing it (hydrides). 

NOBLE GASES 

Their place in the periodic table, electron configuration, physical properties, occurrence, synthesis and use of them. 

Their chemical properties, reactions, synthesis and use of some important compounds containing them. 

ALKALINE METALS 

Their place in the periodic table, electron configuration, physical properties, occurrence, synthesis and use of them. Ammonia 

solution of alkaline metals. 

Their chemical properties, reactions, synthesis and use of some important compounds containing them (alkaline hydrides; 

oxydes; hydroxides; halogenides; complex compounds; cryptates; biological importance). 

ALKALINE EARTH METALS 

Their place in the periodic table, electron configuration, physical properties, occurrence, synthesis and use of them. Their 

chemical properties, reactions, synthesis and use of some important compounds containing them (calcium oxide; hydroxide; 

chloride; sulphate; EDTA complex; barium chloride, sulphate). 

BERYLLIUM 

Its place in the periodic table, electron configuration, physical properties, occurrence, synthesis and use of it. Its chemical 

properties, reactions, synthesis and use of some important compounds containing it. 

BORON 


properties, reactions, synthesis and use of some important compounds containing it (borides; boron halogenides; boranes; borax; 

boric acid). 

MAGNESIUM 


properties, reactions, synthesis and use of some important compounds containing it (oxyde; carbonate; sulphate; chlorophyll; 

Grignard compounds). 

ALUMINIUM 


properties, reactions, synthesis and use of some important compounds containing them (oxyde; sulphate; trichloride; hydroxide; 

alumen). 

SILICON 

Its place in the periodic table, electron configuration, physical properties, occurrence, synthesis and use of it (glasses). Its 

chemical properties, reactions, synthesis and use of some important compounds containing it (oxydes; silicic acid; silicates; 

halogenides; silicons; siloxanes). 

GERMANIUM, ARSENIC, ANTIMONY 


chemical properties, reactions, synthesis and use of some important compounds containing them (arsenic oxydes; acids; 

antimony pentafluoride - super acids; antimony pentasulphide; bismuth nitrate). 

COPPER, SILVER AND GOLD

214 



chemical properties, reactions, synthesis and use of some important compounds containing them (copper sulphate; halogenides; 

silver nitrate; silver halogenides-photochemistry; gold chlorides). 

ZINC, CADMIUM AND MERCURY 


chemical properties, reactions, synthesis and use of some important compounds containing them (zinc oxyde; chloride; sulphate; 

metals dissolved in mercury; mercury chlorides; oxyde). 

TIN, LEAD AND BISMUTH 

Their place in the periodic table, electron configuration, physical properties, occurrence, synthesis and use of them (radiation 

protection). Their chemical properties, reactions, synthesis and use of some important compounds containing them (oxydes; 

acetate). 

TRANSITION METALS 

General physical and chemical properties, electron configuration, occurrence, synthesis, use of them, important compounds 

(hydrides; Cr-oxydes, acids; Mn-oxydes, acids and bases; Fe-oxydes, hydroxydes, complex compounds; Ni, Pd, Pt, Rh, Ircatalysis). 

IRON 


properties, reactions, synthesis and use of some important compounds containing it (iron; iron trichloride; sulphate; 

hemoglobine). 

RARE EARTH METALS 

General physical and chemical properties, electron configuration, occurrence, synthesis, use of them, important compounds (Ceoxydation; 

Sm-pharmaceutical use; Th-physical properties; U-separation of the isotopes). 

FLUORINE 


properties, reactions, synthesis and use of some important compounds containing it (hydrogen fluoride, fluorides- caries 

prevention). 

CHLORINE 


properties, reactions, synthesis and use of some important compounds containing it (chlorine water; acids; salts of the acids). 

BROMINE AND IODINE 

Their place in the periodic table, electron configuration, physical properties, occurrence, synthesis and use of them. Solvatation of 

iodine. Their chemical properties, reactions, synthesis and use of some important compounds containing them (bromine water; 

hydrogen bromide, bromides-sedatives; oxoacids and salts; iodine solutions; pseudohalogenides; biological importance of iodine). 

OXYGEN 

Its place in the periodic table, electron configuration, physical properties, occurrence, synthesis and use of it. Water (natural-, 

deionised, distilled water; physical properties; water as solvant). Its chemical properties, reactions, synthesis and use of some 

important compounds containing it. Substances for oxydation (peroxides, permanganates, chlorine water, iodine etc.) 

SULFUR 

Its place in the periodic table, electron configuration, physical properties, occurrence, synthesis and use of it (ozone, natural, 

deionised and distilled water, hardness of water, hydrogen peroxyde). Its chemical properties, reactions, synthesis and use of 

some important compounds containing it (sulfides; acids; salts and acid derivatives containing sulfur). 

NITROGEN 


properties, reactions, synthesis and use of some important compounds containing it (ammonia, ammonium salts; oxides; acids; 

hydrazine; carbamide; azides). 

PHOSPHORUS 


properties, reactions, synthesis and use of some important compounds containing it (oxydes, acids, salts and their biological 

importance). 

CARBON 

Its place in the periodic table, electron configuration, physical properties, isotopes of carbons, occurrence, synthesis and use of it 

(charcoal). Its chemical properties, reactions, synthesis and use of some important compounds containing it (carbides; carbon 

monoxide; carbon dioxide; acids; carbonates; hydrogen-carbonates; antacid substances).


PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 

FALL TERM 

LECTURES 

The essence of life 

Definition of life. Features of the living things. Difference between living and non-living. Cybernetic basis of life. 

The chemical basis of life 

Isotopes. Radioactive isotopes. Molecules. Chemical bonds. Carbon. Biogenic elements. Organic compounds. Carbohydrates. 

Lipids. Proteins. Nucleic acids. 

The cellular basis of life 

Eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Hyaloplasm. Granuloplasm. Endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes. Mitochondria. The Golgi 

apparatus. Lysosomes (phagosomes, primary and secondary lysosomes, post-lysosomes). Peroxysomes. Centrioles. The 

nucleus. The karyolympha. The chromatin. Control of the chromatin activity. 

Cell division 

The cell cycle. Mitosis. Interphase. Prophase. Metaphase. Anaphase. Telophase. 

Meiosis 

First meiotic prophase. Leptotene. Zygotene. Pachytene. Diplotene. Diakinesis. Anaphase I. Telophase I. The second meiotic 

division. 

The genetic make-up of the cell 

The Watson-Crick model. DNA duplication (DNA polymerase, template, repair, nucleosomes). Protein synthesis. Transcription. 

Translation. Reverse transcription. Genetic engineering (manipulation). 

Reproduction 

Asexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction. Spermatogenesis. Oogenesis. Fertilization. Bacterial conjugation. 

Ontogenesis and differentiation 

Branchyostoma lanceolatum. Sauropsides (reptiles and birds). Mammals and man. Experiments on the embryonic 

development. Differentiation. 

Human genetics 

Classical genetics. Mendelian inheritance. Dihybrid patterns of inheritance (gene interaction). Double dominance. Alternating 

genes. Complementary genes. Dominant genes with similar effect. Recessive epistasis. Dominant epistasis. Man as a subject 

of genetic studies. Analogy. Family studies. Twin studies. Correlation analysis. Cytogenetic analysis. Examination of the 

interphase nuclei. Chromosomal analysis and cytogenetics. Mendelian inheritance in man. Dominance. Eye color. Hair color. 

Skin color. Eye shape. Nose shape. Mouth shape. Hair form. 

Dominant inheritance in human diseases 

Penetrance. Expressivity. 

Basic mechanisms in the formation of dominant disorders 

Abnormal subunit agregation (dysfibrinogenemias). Functional impairment of a multimer protein due to an abnormal subunit 

(hemoglobinopathies). Sickle-cell anemia. The clinical effects of hemoglobin variants. Hemolytic anemia. Methemoglobinemia. 

Erythrocytosis. Sickling of the erythrocytes. Thalassemias. Abnormal feed-back inhibition of enzymes by structurally altered 

enzymes (acute intermittent porphyria). Receptor mutations (androgen resistance and hereditary hypercholesterolemia). LDL 

syndrome. Membrane defects (hereditary sphaerocytosis). Accumulation of abnormal fibrillar proteins (hereditary 

amyloidoses). 

Recessiveness 

Diseases in the phenylalanine-tryosine pathway. Failures of the erythrocytic enzymes. Mucopolysaccharidoses. Glycogenoses. 

HGPRT deficiency. 

Pharmacogenetics 

G-6-PD deficiency. INH sensitivity. Suxamethonium intolerance. 

Multiple alleles 

Inheritance of ABO blood groups 

X-linked inheritance 

Color blindness. Hemophylia. Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Other X-linked recessive diseases. X-linked dominant conditions. 

Y-linked inheritance. 

Polygenic (multifactorial) inheritance 

Population genetics 

Ideal population. Hardy-Weinberg law. Gene frequency estimations in natural populations. 

Human cytogenetics 

The normal human idiogram. Human chromosomal abnormalities. Numerical chromosomal abnormalities. Autosomal 

aneuploidies. Trisomy 1. (Patau's syndrome). Trisomy 18. (Edward's syndrome). Trisomy 21. (Down's syndrome). Sexchromosomal 

aneuploidies. Sex-chromosomal aneuploidies with female phenotype. X monosomy (Turner's syndrome). X

216 


trisomy (triple-X syndrome). Sex-chromosomal aneuploidies with male phenotype. XXY males (Klinefelter's syndrome). XYY 

males (Double-Y syndrome). 

Structural chromosomal abnormalities 

Intrachromosomal rearrangements 

Deletions. Inversions. Insertions. Ring chromosomes. Duplications. 

Interchromosomal rearrangements 

Translocations 

Mutations 

Gene mutations. Chromosomal mutations. Genome mutations. Somatic mutations. 

Human cytogenetic methodology 

Sex-chromatin. Chromosomal studies. Banding techniques. Q-banding. G-banding. R-banding. R-banding. C-banding. T- 

banding. NOR staining. Chromatid exchange studies. High resolution banding. 

Human gene mapping 

Cell hybridization. Microcell-mediated transfer of chromosomes. Endocytotic uptake of donor chromosomes (restriction 

enzymes). 

Genetic engineering 

Somatic cell alteration. Germ cell alteration. Predetermination (and control) of the sex. Cloning of human cells. Artificial 

insemination from donors. Embryo transfer (test-tube baby). 

PRACTICALS 

Inspection of cycle praparatory program. 

Light microscope and phase contrast microscope. Learning the use of the microscope. 

Electron microscopy and polarizing microscopy. Visiting in the electron microscopical laboratory and use of the polarizing 

microscope. 

The nucleus. Investigation of light microscopic and electron microscopic preparations. 

Investigation of cell organelles by light and electron microscopy. 

Mitosis and meiosis. 

Inspection of cyclic preparatory educational program. 

Sex chromatin detection from own oral mucosa smear. 

Embryonic development of the lancet fish and of vertebrates. 

Normal karyotype. 

Abnormal karyotype. 

Pedigree analysis, and a study of different kinds of inherited disorders. 

SPRING TERM 

The social organization. Reproduction (propag.rejuven.recomb.) Sexuality (bipolarity, relative sexuality, bisexual potency) Sexual 

dimorphism (I.-II.-III.-IV.) features. The female gonad and genital tract. 

The ovarian cycle. Knaus Ogino. The male gonad and genital tract. Ejaculation. The maturation of ova and sperm. The structure 

of the sperm. The effect of sex-hormones in animals and humans. 

Fertilization. The helper mechanisms. Gamones. Cellular processes of fertilization. Contraception. Male and female infertility. IVF 

as means of overcoming female infertility. 

Artificial insemination by donors as means of overcoming male infertility. The biological characteristics of the female organism. 

Alteration of generations (heterogonia and metagenesis). The malaria plasmodium and tapeworms. 

Parasexual process. (Phage recomb., Transformation, Transduction, Bacterial conjugation) Ontogenesis. (Progenesis, 

Blastogenesis, Organogenesis) The yolk (oligo-meso-polylecyth. eggs) The embryonic development of the Branchiostoma. The 

ancient organs (ectoderm, neural tube and notochord derivatives) 

Derivatives of the somites, the nephrogonotom, the somato-splanchnopleura and the intestinal tube. Embryonic development of 

the sauropside embryo. The embryonic shield. Development of the ancient organs and the chorion and amnion. The amniotic 

fluid. 

The development of the allantois. The embryonic development of mammals. The production of the placenta (with the 

development). Slide. 

Organization and induction in the embryonic development. Prospective potency and prospective meaning. Experiments on 

embryos. Genetics. Ideal organisms vs. human being in genetic studies. How to overcome these difficulties. Human genetic 

meyhodology. 

Mendel's laws. Dominant and recessive normal human traits. Multiple allelism. The inheritance of ABO blood group system. 

Dominant and recessive inheritance. 

Pharmacogenetic enzymopathies. The inheritance of the blood group systems. X-chromosomal inheritance and X-linkedness. 

Multifactorial (polygenic) inheritance. Cytogenetics. Sex-chromatin, preparation of chromosomes. 

Cytogenetic disorders. Numerical and structural chromosomal diseases.


ANATOMY 


WEEK 

LECTURE 

2 hours per week 

1. Morphology of the cell I. 

2. Morphology of the cell II. 

3. Morphology of the cell III. 

4. Epithelial tissues 

5. Connective tissues 

6. Bone and cartilage 

7. Muscle tissues 


9. Nervous tissue 

10. The parts of the human body 

11. The bones of the human body 

12. The joints of the human body 

13. The main skeletal muscles 

14. The anatomy of the heart and large vessels 

15. 

The anatomy of the respiratory tract (nasal cavity, larynx and 

lungs) 


WEEK 

LECTURE 

2 hours per week 

1. The anatomy of the digestive system I. 

2. The anatomy of the digestive system II. 

The anatomy of the kidney and other organs of the urinary 

3. tract 

4. The anatomy of the female genital organs 

5. The anatomy of the male genital organs 

6. The histology of the ovary and testis (gametogenesis) 

7. 

The anatomy of the andocrine glands (principles of endocrine 

regulation) 


9. The anatomy of the central nervous system: the spinal cord 

10. 

11. 

The anatomy of the central nervous system: the brain stem 

and the cerebellum 

The anatomy of the central nervous system: diencephalon, 

basal ganglia, cortex cerebri 

12. The anatomy of the meninges and the cerebral ventricles 

13. The anatomy of the peripheral nervous system 

14. Human development I. 

15. Human development II.

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QUALITATIVE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS 

Concepts, aims and general methods. Ions. 

Classification of reactions. 

Redox reactions. (Oxidation number /oxidation state/. Oxidation and reduction.) Acid-base reactions. Reactions involving 

precipitation. Complex-formation reaction (Complex cations. Complex anions. Neutral complexes. Chelates.) 

Reaction sensitivity 

Reaction specificity 

Groups of cations 

Group 1: Hydrogen sulphide group. Group reaction. Reagents. General characterization of group 1. 

Group 1A (hydrochloric acid sub-group): Silver(I), reaction with hydrogen sulphide, hydrochloric acid, bromides and iodides, alkali 

hydroxides, ammonia, chromates. Lead(II), reaction with hydrogen sulphide, chlorides, iodides, sulphates, alkali hydroxides or 

ammonia, chromates. Mercury(I), reaction with sulphides, chlorides, ammonia, alkali hydroxides, iodides, metallic copper. 

Group 1B (copper sub-group): Mercury(II), reaction with sulphides, ammonia, alkali hydroxides, tin(II) chloride, iodides, metallic 

copper. Copper(II), reaction with sulphides, ammonia, alkali hydroxides, hexacyanoferrate(II), cyanides, iodides, metallic iron or 

zinc, flame coloration. Bismuth, reaction with sulphides, alkali hydroxides or ammonia, water, hydrolysis, 

tetrahydroxostannate(II), iodides. Cadmium(II), reaction with sulphides, alkali hydroxides, ammonia, cyanides. 

Simple analysis of cation group 1. 

Group 2 (arsenic group): Group reaction. Reagents. Arsenite [arsenic(III)], reaction with sulphides, silver ions, iodine, Marsh 

reaction, Bettendorf reaction, Gutzeit test, Sanger-Black test, heating test. Arsenate [arsenic(V)], reaction with sulphides, silver 

ions, Marsh, Bettendorf, Sanger-Black and Gutzeit reactions, magnesia mixture. Antimony(III), reaction with sulphides, water, 

hydrolysis, alkali hydroxides or ammonia, metallic zinc or iron, Marsh, Sanger-Black and Gutzeit test. Antimony(V), reaction with 

sulphides, iodides. Tin(II), reaction with sulphides, mercury(II), alkali hydroxides, metallic zinc, luminescence test. Tin(IV), 

reaction with sulphides, alkali hydroxides, metallic zinc, metallic iron. 


Group 3 (ammonium sulphide group): Group reaction. Reagents. Cobalt(II), reaction with ammonium sulphide, alkali hydroxides, 

ammonia, cyanides, thiocyanates, nitrites, Borax-bead test. Nickel(II), reaction with ammonium sulphide, ammonia, alkali 

hydroxides, cyanides, dimethylglyoxime. Iron(II), reaction with ammonium sulphide, alkali hydroxides or ammonia, 

hexacyanoferrate(III), α,α-dipyridyl, permanganate. Iron(III), reaction with ammonium sulphide, hydrogen sulphide, ammonia or 

alkali hydroxides, sodium acetate, hexacyanoferrate(II), thiocyanate, iodides. Chromium(III), reaction with ammonium sulphide, 

ammonia, alkali hydroxides, hydrogenperoxide. Oxidation to chromate in melt phase. Chromate, reaction with sulphides, ethanol, 

silver ion, barium ions, peroxichromate reaction. Aluminium(III), reaction with ammonium sulphide, ammonia, alkali hydroxides, 

alizarinsulphonate, Thénard-blue test. Zinc(II), reaction with ammonium sulphide, ammonia, alkali hydroxide, 

hexacyanoferrate(II), Rinmann-green test. Manganese(II), reaction with ammonium sulphide, ammonia or alkali hydroxides. 

Oxidation to permanganate with lead(IV). Oxidation to permanganate with persulphate. Oxidation in the melt phase. 

Permanganate, reaction with sulphides, peroxides, ethanol. 


Group 4, alkaline earth (ammonium carbonate) group: Group reaction. Reagents. Calcium(II), reaction with ammonium carbonate 

and carbonates, sulphates, oxalates, phosphates, hexacyanoferrate(II), chromate. Visible spectrum. Strontium(II), reaction with 

ammonium carbonate and carbonates, sulphates, lime water, oxalate, phosphates, chromate. Visible spectrum, flame coloration. 

Barium(II), reaction with ammonium carbonate and carbonates, sulphates, calcium or strontium sulphate, oxalates, phosphates, 

chromate or dichromate. Visible spectrum, flame coloration. 


Group 5, magnesium and alkali metal group (soluble group): Group reaction. Magnesium(II), reaction with ammonia, alkali 

hydroxides, ammonium carbonate, phosphates, quinalizarine. Sodium(I), reaction with antimonate, zinc uranylacetate. Visible 

spectrum, flame coloration. Potassium(I), reaction with tartaric acid, hexanitrocobaltate(III), perchloric acid, tetraphenylboron. 

Visible spectrum, flame coloration. Ammonium(I), reaction with tartaric acid, hexanitrocobaltate(III), tetraphenylboron, strong 

bases, Nessler reaction. Lithium(I), reaction with ammonium carbonate, phosphates. Visible spectrum, flame coloration. 


Groups of anions. 

Group 1: Carbonate, reaction with acids, hydrolysis (phenolphthalein), magnesium sulphate. Hydrogencarbonate, reaction with 

acids, hydrolysis, magnesium ions. Sulphite, reaction with acids, barium ions, silver ions, iodine. Thiosulphate, reaction with acids, 

silver ions, iodine. Heating in flame. Sulphide, reaction with acids, nitroprusside, Hepar-reaction. Polysulphide, reaction with acids. 

Silicate, reaction with dilute acids, molybdate. Tetrafluoride test. Hypochlorite, formation and reaction with acids. 

Group 2: Group reaction. Sulphate, reaction with barium ions, lead ions, Hepar reaction. Water-insoluble sulphates. Phosphate, 

reaction with barium ions, silver ions, magnesia mixture, molybdates. Borate, reaction with barium ions, silver ions. Turmeric 

paper reaction. Flame coloration. Fluoride, reaction with barium ions, calcium ions, silver ions, sulphuric acids, thiocyanates. 

Tetrafluoride test. Bromate, reaction with barium ions, silver ions, bromides, concd. hydrochloric acid, metallic zinc. Iodate, 

reaction with barium ions, silver ions, iodides, concd. hydrochloric acid, metallic zinc.


Group 3: Group reaction. Chloride, reaction with silver ions, Chromyl chloride reaction, Berg reaction, oxidative agents. Bromide, 

reaction with silver ions, chlorine water, permanganate. Iodide, reaction with silver ions, chlorine water, iron(III) ions, oxidants. 

Cyanide, reaction with silver ions, hexacyanoferrate(II) reaction, acids (HC1), iodine or bromine. Thiocyanate, reaction with silver 

ions, iron(III) ions. 

Group 4: Group reaction. Nitrate. Brown-ring test. Reduction with metallic zinc in alkaline medium. Nitrite, reaction with strong 

acids, iron(II) ions, Griess-Ilosvay reaction, urea, permanganate oxidation, iodide, metallic zinc. Acetate, reaction with strong 

acids, iron(III) ions. Esterification. Decarboxylation with calcium oxide. Chlorate, reaction with strong acids, disproportionation by 

heating, concd. sulphuric acid, iodides, metallic zinc. Perchlorate, reaction with iodides, metallic zinc, potassium ions. Methylene 

blue reaction. 

Total analysis of solids for cations and anions: physical appearance, color, preliminary tests, heating, flame coloration, 

preparation of solution, analysis for cations and anions. 

Identification of anions in mixtures: Chloride, bromide and iodide. Chloride and iodide. Bromide, iodide and nitrate. Nitrite and 

nitrate. 

QUANTITATIVE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS 

LECTURES 

The nature, role and importance of quantitative analytical chemistry in the industry, research and medical practice. The 

fundamental concepts and methods of analytical chemistry. 

The measuring equipment and their calibration used in analytical chemistry. The sampling, sample treatment and preparations, 

techniques in component concentration and separation. Dissolving, fusion, mineralization of the samples. 

Basic principles of gravimetry; solubility of precipitates, factors influencing the solubility of pracipitates. Mechanism and conditions 

of analytical precipitation. Impurities in precipitates. Techniques used in precipitation. Washing, filtering, thermal treatment and 

weighing of precipitates. Calculating the gravimetric results. Gravimetric determination of cations and anions. Precipitates formed 

by organic reagents. 

Principles of titrimetric methods. Volumetric glassware and their calibration. Preparation and standardization of titrants. End-point 

determination techniques in titrimetry. Calculation of results, error calculation and their sources. 

Acid-base theories, ionization of strong and weak acids, bases and their salts, calculation of pH. Classification and characterization 

of solvent used in acid-base titration. Construction of titration curves. Detection of end-point, mechanism of indication, indicator 

exponent. Preparation and standardization of titrants in acid-base titration. Titration of strong and weak acids, bases and their 

salts. Titration of alkali carbonate, bicarbonate and hydroxide mixture. The hardness of natural waters. The role of acid-base 

titrationin analysis of trigycerids (fats and oils). Acid-base titration in nonaqueous solution. 

Principles of precipitate forming titration. Calculation of solubility and construction of titration curves. End-point detection 

methods in precipitate forming titration. Preparation and standardization of silver nitrate titrant. Determination of silver ions, 

halogenides and pseudohalogenides. 

Complex equilibrium in analytical chemistry, theory of complexometric titration. Influence of pH and the presence of other 

complex forming reagents on stability of complexes. The selectivity of complex forming titration. Indication of end-point by visual 

and instrumental methods. Preparation and standardization of EDTA solution. Direct, indirect and back titration in complexometry. 

Determination of hardness of waters. 

Redox equilibrium in analytical chemistry. Influencing factors on redox potential. Calculation of redox potential change during the 

titration, construction of titration curve. Role of induced reactions and catalysis in redox titrations. Indication methods of endpoint, 

mechanism of indications, influencing factors on redox indicators. 

Preparation and standardization of potassium permanganate solution. Direct, indirect and back titration in permanganometry. 

Preparation and standardization of the titrants in cerimetry and chromatometry. Cerimetric and chromatometric determination of 

iron(II), hydrogen-peroxide, alcohols and organic acids. Determination of chemical oxygen demand of natural waters. 

Influencing factorsin bromatometric redox systems. Preparation of titrant in bromatometry. Determinations based on addition and 

substitution reactions of organic compounds with bromine. Direct titration with potassium bromate standard solution; 

determination of As(III), ascorbic-acid, azophenum. Back titrations in bromatometry. Determination with brominechloride. 

Preparation and standardization of iodine and sodium-thiosulfate standard solution. End point indication in iodometry and 

iodimetry. pH dependence on iodometric titrations. Determination of oxidizing agents; titration of halogens, hypohalogenides, 

halogenites, halogenates and metallic oxides. Determination of dissolved oxygen in waters. Determination of reducing agents; 

titration of sulfides, sulfites, aldehydes, saccharides. Water determination by Karl Fischer methods. 

Reductometric methods; titanometry, ascorbinometry. 

Instrumental methods of chemical analysis, classification and importance of instrumental analysis. 

Electrochemical methods; potentiometry (membrane-type and special electrodes) and potentiometric titrations, electrolytic 

methods (polarography, volt-ammetric titrations), coulombmetry and measurements based on electric conductivity. 

Spectrometric methods in instrumental analysis, interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter. General rules of light 

absorption and emission. Excitation methods in atomic emission spectroscopy. Principles and applications of atomic absorption. 

Ultraviolet visible and infrared spectrophotometry. Fluorometric methods.

220 


Separation methods of instrumental analysis. Principles and applications of gas chromatography, high performance liquid 

chromatography and ionchromatography. 

Basic principles of resonance methods (NMR, ESR) and mass spectrometry. 

PRACTICALS 

2 nd semester 

Introduction: 

- Health and accident prevention regulations. 

- The use of volumetric glassware. 

- Procedure of chemical analysis. 

- Calculation of analytical results and solving of problems. 

Gravimetry: 

- Gravimetric determination of sulfate ion in form of BaSO 4 . 

- Gravimetric determination of and calcium ion sin form of CaC 2 O 4 *H 2 O. 

Acidi- and alkalimetry: 

- Preparation and standardization of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide standard solution. 

- Titration of week acids (acetic acid). 

- Titration of a mixture of strong and week acids (sulphuric and boric acid). 

- Determination of sodium thiosulphate (multiplying procedure). 

- Determination of amonia in amonium salts by destilation. 

- Determination of potassium ion by ion exchange separation. 

Argentometry: 

- Preparation and standardization of silver nitrate and potassium thiocyanate titrant. 

- Titration of bromide ion by Volhard method (back titration). 

Instrumental analysis: 

- Spectrophotometry: determination of salicylic acid 

- Flame photometry: determination of alkaline ions 

SHORT HISTORY OF HUNGARY 

FALL TERM 

Orientation, introduction. 

The origin of the Hungarians, ancient history. 

The early Middle Ages, the foundation of the Hungarian State. 

Hungary as a Central European power, the age of the Anjous. 

The age of the Hunyadis /János and Mátyás Hunyadi/. 

Tripartite division of Hungary. 

Efforts to unify the country, the Principality of Transylvania. 

Reformation in Hungary, Rákóczi-rebellion. 

Hungary as a part of the Habsburg Empire. 

The "era of reform" 1825-1848. 

The revolution and war of independence 1848-1849. 

SPRING TERM 

The fall of the revolution, revenge and compromise. 

The period of dualism, the structure of Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. 

Hungary in the First World War. 

Decline of Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. The consequences of the First World War, peace-treaty of Trianon. 

The interwar period. The regime of Horthy. 

Hungary in the Second World War. 

After the Second World War. The short-lived Hungarian democracy /1945-47/. 

The Rákosi regime /1948-1953/. Soviet model in Hungary. 

Revolution in 1956. 

The Kádár regime /1956-89/. 

Elections in 1990, a change in political life. Hungary today, a contemporary history. 

Short history of Szeged.


ENGLISH 


WEEK 

PRACTICE 

(4 hrs/week) 

1. Introduction and group discussion. Interviewing: asking and answering Yes/No and Wh-questions. 

2. Reading comprehension: skimming texts, understanding the essence of texts. Reading and 

discussing articles about hot issues on diseases and their cures. 

3. Vocabulary expansion, reading about recent advances in pharmacology. Video watching and 

discussion on the same topic. 

4. Writing tasks: how to write an essay/composition. Briefing task: reading a longer text (n=1500) on 

chemistry and summarizing it in 500 words. The use of connectors in writing. 

5. Listening skills: listening to a recording on vitamins and their effects, note taking exercise. 

Practising the Passive Voice. 

6. Speaking skills: preparing talks and mini-presentations. Paraphrasing and the use of references in 

presenting mini-projects. The use of Modal Verbs. 

7. Revision of the Past Simple and the Present Perfect Tenses. Presenting research methods and 

results. Mid-term test. 

8. Guided note taking. Listening to a recording on pathogens and taking notes. Comparing and 

discussing notes. Identifying main points. Semantic markers. 


10. Reading skills: preparing study notes from lengthy texts, identifying most important facts. 

Description, cause and effect. Understanding and memorizing definitions. 

11. Focussing on grammar and vocabulary expansion: CFC practice tests and health vocabulary tests. 

12. Video-watching: eating disorders – anorexia, bulimia and binge eating. Summarizing the film in 

writing and giving opinion on the topic. The use of definite and indefinite articles. 

13. Preparing short oral presentations on harmful habits. Arguing and defending viewpoints. Preparing 

for discussions. Indirect speech. 

14. Guided note taking. Listening to a recording on constipation and its cures. Developing patient 

advice leaflets from notes. 

15. Vocabulary and grammar revision. Practice tests. Final test.

222 



WEEK 

PRACTICE 

(4 hrs/week) 

1. Organizing written notes and identifying main points. Lecture notes taken from Biology. Commonly 

used abbreviations and their interpretation. 

2. Video watching: psoriasis and its treatment modalities. Medicaments used externally. Group 

discussion of a video film, arguing and convincing. 

3. Essay writing on the importance of the pharmacist in giving advice on a healthy diet. Suggestions 

and recommendations. The use of MUST/SHOULD/WOULD. 

4. Reading skills: developing faster reading and deeper understanding of read texts. Accomplishing 

reading comprehension tasks. CAE Reading Test. 

5. Vocabulary expansion: preparing word-nets concerning internally used medicines. Adjectives, 

Comparatives and Superlatives. 

6. Making use of the Internet in class: searching the Net for information on certain health issues. 

Presenting ideas found on the Net. Group discussion and evaluation. 

7. Revision of Future Tenses and expressions meaning intension and certainty in the future. 

Describing expected and adverse effects of drugs. Mid-term test. 

8. Developing awareness of proper and improper sentence constructions, grammar and vocabulary. 

Error spotting in essays written by group mates. 

9. Clear and concise writing. How to make our writing more effective? Practising short essay writing, 

analysing problems of English from in biology and chemistry texts. Repetition and reformulation of 

ideas. 


11. Reading and understanding Tables. Numericals, decimals, reading out numbers. 

12. Reading and presenting graphs. The Conditional Mood. Vocabulary expansion: preparing word-nets 

concerning shapes. 

13. Vocabulary expansion: English words of Greek and Latin origin in the field of Pharmacy. Prefixes 

and suffixes giving oppositional meaning to adjectives and adverbs. 

14. Listening and writing skills: listening to a recording on the drug industry and taking notes. 

Comparing and discussing notes. Defining and non-defining relative pronouns. 

15. Vocabulary and grammar revision. CAE and Medical Practice tests. Final test.


LATIN 


WEEK 

PRACTICE 

( 2 hrs/week) 

1. The role of the Latin language in medicine and pharmacy. Pronunciation. Groups of nouns 

- typical forms. Noun-adjective agreement, grammatical gender. 

2. 1st declension. Noun-adjective agreement, grammatical gender. Cases. Preas. Imp. Activi 

form of Latin verbs. 

3. Simple medicine forms. Plural forms in 1st declension..Prepositions. 

4. Praes. Imp. Passivi. 2nd declension. 

5. Grammar revision excercises. Ointment, oil. 

6. Mid-term test. The stucture of medical prescriptions. 3rd declension - nouns. 

7. 3rd declension - adjectives. Prepositions. Medicine forms. 

8. The structure of medical prescriptions. Abbreviations. Cardinals in prescriptions. 

Miscellaneous exercises. Cardinals - "gramma". 


10. 4th declension. 

11. Herbal teas. 5th declension. 

12. Comparison of adjectives. 

13. Participles in the pharmaceutical language. Herbs and plants. 

14. Revision. 

15. Final test.

224 


SYLLABUSES FOR 2ND YEAR PHARMACY STUDENTS 

QUANTITATIVE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS 

LECTURES 

The nature, role and importance of quantitative analytical chemistry in the industry, research and medical practice. The 

fundamental concepts and methods of analytical chemistry. 

The measuring equipment and their calibration used in analytical chemistry. The sampling, sample treatment and preparations, 

techniques in component concentration and separation. Dissolving, fusion, mineralization of the samples. 

Basic principles of gravimetry; solubility of precipitates, factors influencing the solubility of pracipitates. Mechanism and conditions 

of analytical precipitation. Impurities in precipitates. Techniques used in precipitation. Washing, filtering, thermal treatment and 

weighing of precipitates. Calculating the gravimetric results. Gravimetric determination of cations and anions. Precipitates formed 

by organic reagents. 

Principles of titrimetric methods. Volumetric glassware and their calibration. Preparation and standardization of titrants. End-point 

determination techniques in titrimetry. Calculation of results, error calculation and their sources. 

Acid-base theories, ionization of strong and weak acids, bases and their salts, calculation of pH. Classification and characterization 

of solvent used in acid-base titration. Construction of titration curves. Detection of end-point, mechanism of indication, indicator 

exponent. Preparation and standardization of titrants in acid-base titration. Titration of strong and weak acids, bases and their 

salts. Titration of alkali carbonate, bicarbonate and hydroxide mixture. The hardness of natural waters. The role of acid-base 

titrationin analysis of trigycerids (fats and oils). Acid-base titration in nonaqueous solution. 

Principles of precipitate forming titration. Calculation of solubility and construction of titration curves. End-point detection 

methods in precipitate forming titration. Preparation and standardization of silver nitrate titrant. Determination of silver ions, 

halogenides and pseudohalogenides. 

Complex equilibrium in analytical chemistry, theory of complexometric titration. Influence of pH and the presence of other 

complex forming reagents on stability of complexes. The selectivity of complex forming titration. Indication of end-point by visual 

and instrumental methods. Preparation and standardization of EDTA solution. Direct, indirect and back titration in complexometry. 

Determination of hardness of waters. 

Redox equilibrium in analytical chemistry. Influencing factors on redox potential. Calculation of redox potential change during the 

titration, construction of titration curve. Role of induced reactions and catalysis in redox titrations. Indication methods of endpoint, 

mechanism of indications, influencing factors on redox indicators. 

Preparation and standardization of potassium permanganate solution. Direct, indirect and back titration in permanganometry. 

Preparation and standardization of the titrants in cerimetry and chromatometry. Cerimetric and chromatometric determination of 

iron(II), hydrogen-peroxide, alcohols and organic acids. Determination of chemical oxygen demand of natural waters. 

Influencing factorsin bromatometric redox systems. Preparation of titrant in bromatometry. Determinations based on addition and 

substitution reactions of organic compounds with bromine. Direct titration with potassium bromate standard solution; 

determination of As(III), ascorbic-acid, azophenum. Back titrations in bromatometry. Determination with brominechloride. 

Preparation and standardization of iodine and sodium-thiosulfate standard solution. End point indication in iodometry and 

iodimetry. pH dependence on iodometric titrations. Determination of oxidizing agents; titration of halogens, hypohalogenides, 

halogenites, halogenates and metallic oxides. Determination of dissolved oxygen in waters. Determination of reducing agents; 

titration of sulfides, sulfites, aldehydes, saccharides. Water determination by Karl Fischer methods. 

Reductometric methods; titanometry, ascorbinometry. 

Instrumental methods of chemical analysis, classification and importance of instrumental analysis. 

Electrochemical methods; potentiometry (membrane-type and special electrodes) and potentiometric titrations, electrolytic 

methods (polarography, volt-ammetric titrations), coulombmetry and measurements based on electric conductivity. 

Spectrometric methods in instrumental analysis, interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter. General rules of light 

absorption and emission. Excitation methods in atomic emission spectroscopy. Principles and applications of atomic absorption. 

Ultraviolet visible and infrared spectrophotometry. Fluorometric methods. 

Separation methods of instrumental analysis. Principles and applications of gas chromatography, high performance liquid 

chromatography and ionchromatography. 

Basic principles of resonance methods (NMR, ESR) and mass spectrometry. 

3 rd semester 

Complexometry: 

- Preparation and standardization of EDTA standard solution. 

- Determination copper(II)-ion. 

- Titration of calcium- and magnesium ions in mixture. 

Permanganometry: 

- Preparation and standardization of potassium-permanganate standard solution. 

- Titration of hydrogen-peroxide.


- Determination of iron(II) ion. 

Bromatometry: 

- Preparation of potassium bromate standard solution. 

- Titration of arsenic(III) ion by Gyıry. 

- Determination of antipyrin by bromine substitution reaction. 

Jodometry: 

- Preparation and standardization of sodium-thiosulfate solution. 

- Determination of phenol by Koppeschaar. 

- Titration of thiocyanate ion by Schulek. 

- Jodometric determination of copper(II) ion. 

Instrumental analysis: 

- Conductometric titration: determination of oxalic acid 

- Coulombmetry: determination arsenic(III) ion 

- Potentiometry: alkalimetric titration of phosphoric acid 

cerimetric titration of iron(II)-ion by potentiometric end point indication 

- Voltametry: iodometric titration of iodate by byamperometric end point detection 

- Chromatograpy: gas chromatographic analysis of alcohols or HPLC measurement of phenolic compounds 

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 

LECTURES 

Thermodynamics 

The first law of thermodynamics 

The second law of thermodynamics 

The third law of thermodynamics 

Phase equilibrium 

Chemical equilibrium 

Electrochemical equilibrium 

Iontransport 

Reaction kinetics 

PRACTICALS 

Thermochemistry 

Determination of the heat of neutralization. 

Phase equilibria 

Determination of vapour pressure and heat of vaporisation of a liquid. Determination of the partial molar volume. Solubility 

relations in a three component system. Determination of boiling point diagram of two component miscible liquids. Partition 

experiments. Solubility measurements of solid substances. 

Reaction kinetics 

Temperature dependence of the decomposition of a medicine. The kinetics of the hydrolysis of methyl acetate. The study of 

catalysis, promotion and inhibition. Primary salt effect on the kinetics of ionic reactions. Study of the kinetics of the 

decomposition of benzene-diazonium-chloride. Determination of initial rate and order of a reaction by clock reaction. 

Electric conductance 

Study of dissociation by electric conductance. Dependence of conductivity on concentration. Solubility by conductivity 

measurements. 

Electromotive force 

Study of redoxy electrodes. Dependence of electrode potential on the concentration of electrolyte. Concentration cells. 

Determination of pH. 

Experiments based on optical methods 

Dependence of light refraction on the concentration. Study of absorption spectrum of solutions. Study of inversion of cane 

sugar by polarimetry. Study of complexes by spectrophotometry.

226 


ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 

FALL TERM 

LECTURES 

Structure and bonding. 

Ionic bonds, covalent bonds. Hybridization: sp 3 , sp 2 and sp orbitals. 

The nature of organic compounds: alkanes. 

Alkanes and alkyl groups. Conformation of alkanes. Cycloalkanes: cis-trans isomerism. 

Alkenes: the nature of organic reactions. 

Electronic structure of alkanes. The E,Z designation kinds of organic reactions: mechanisms, rates and equilibria. 

Alkenes and alkynes. 

Addition of HX to alkenes, hydration of alkenes. Hydrogenation and oxidation of alkanes. 

Aromatic compounds. 

Structure and chemistry of benzene: electrophilic aromatic substitution. Reactivity and orientation in electrophilic aromatic 

substitution. 

Stereochemistry 

Optical activity, sequence rules for specification of configuration. Diastereomers, meso compounds, racemic mixture. 

Alkyl halides 

Preparation and reaction of alkyl halides. The S N 2, S N 1 reaction and elimination reaction. 

Alcohols, ethers and phenols 

Properties and reactions of alcohols. Synthesis and reactions of phenols and ethers. 

SPRING TERM 

LECTURES 

Aldehydes and ketones: nucleophilic addition reactions. 

Synthesis and reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Nucleophilic addition of H2O, of Grignard reagents and of amines. 

Carboxylic acids and derivatives 

Synthesis and reactions of carboxylic acids. Chemistry of acid derivatives. 

Carbonyl alpha-substitution reactions and condensation reactions 

Reactivity of enols, enolate ion formation. The aldol reaction and condensation of esters. 

Amines 

Structure and synthesis of amines. Reaction of amines and heterocyclic amines. 

Structure determination 

Infrared spectroscopy of organic molecules. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 

Biomolecules: carbohydrates 

Configurations and cyclic structure of monosaccharides. Reactions of monosaccharides, disaccharides. 

Amino acids, peptides and proteins 

Structure of amino acids, covalent bonding in peptides. Peptide sequencing and the peptide synthesis. 

Lipids and nucleic acids 

Phospholipids and steroids. Structure and replication of DNA, synthesis of RNA. 

PRACTICALS IN THE FALL AND SPRING TERMS 

Basic methods of synthetic work, Crystallization, Melting point and refractive index, Extraction, Distillation, Chromatography, Basic 

reactions, Elimination, Substitution, Nucleophilic substitution, Electrophilic substituion, Reduction, Oxidation, Esterification, 

Synthesis of representative compounds, Synthesis of carbonyl compounds and their derivatives, Synthesis of acids and their 

derivatives, Preparation of sulfanilamide (4-aminobenzenesulfonamid), Synthesis of heterocyclic compounds, Synthesis of ethers


ANATOMY-PHYSIOLOGY 

FALL TERM 

LECTURES 

Introduction 

Anatomy-histology 

Membrane physiology 

Transmission 

Autonomic nervous system 

Muscle physiology 

Blood physiology 

Heart physiology 

Circulation 

Skin, thermoregulation 

Respiration physiology 

PRACTICALS 

Recording techniques, recording devices: kimograph, computer. Methods of stimulation: thermal, chemical, electrical, 

types of electrodes. Video. Dissection of the frog: anaesthesia, decapitation, lesioning of the spinal cord, movements of cilia 

(frog's palate), heart, organs in the abdomen, m. sartorius preparation, m. gastrocnemius nerve-muscle preparation. Solutions 

used in physiological experiments. 

Studies on nerve-muscle preparation (frog): video, anaesthesia, righting (turning) reflex, decapitation, lesioning of the 

spinal cord, studies on nerve-muscle preparation, direct and indirect stimulations, stimulus summation, complete and incomplete 

tetanus, rheobasis, chronaxia, recording of fatigue in the muscle. 

Principles of blood tests: the microscope in hematological tests, sterilization and desinfection, methods of taking blood 

(vein, fingertip), using and cleaning of the diluting pipettes, Bürker's chamber, Westergren's tube, centrifuges, blood smear. 

Principles of bleeding time, blood clotting time, staining index, Price-Jones' curve, partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time. 

Visit at the Department of Anatomy. 

Blood tests: hematocrit (micro-, macro-), detrmination of hemoglobin concentration (Drabkin), erythrocyte 

sedimentation rate by Westergren, differential count (leukocytes), osmotic resistance of red blood cells. Prothrombin time: blood 

groups (AB0, Rh), red blood cell count, white blood cell count, thrombocyte count (Fischer-Germer), reticulocyte count. 

Studies of the circulatory system: video, in situ registration of the activity of the heart in the frog, effects of electrical 

and thermal stimulations of the heart, Stannius' ligatures, summation, all or none law, Goltz reflex, circulation in the frog tongue, 

the lymphatic heart of the frog, isolated and surviving frog's heart preparations, effects of ions (adrenaline, acetylcholine, 

atropine) on the heart, study of the peripheral circulation in the frog (Laewan-Trendelenburg), experiments in the isolated rat 

heart preparation (Langendorf perfusion). 

The human circulatory and respiratory system: ECG, peripheral pulse, characteristics of the radial pulse, palpation over 

the chest, auscultation over the heart, the effects of physical exercise on circulation, spirometry, determination of inspiratory and 

expiratory pressures, effects of breathing on the circulation, cold pressor test, blood pressure measurement. 

SPRING TERM 

LECTURES 

GI: anatomy, endocrine, motor, secretion, absorption. 

Vitamines, nutrition, metabolism. 

Kidney: anatomy, filtration, clearance, tubular function, hormones, micturition. 

Volumen-, osmo-, pH regulation. 

Endocrine system. 

Hypothalamus-hypophysis: oxitocin, vasopressin. 

Adenohypophysis. 

Thyroid gland. 

Calcium metabolism. 

Adrenal cortex. 

Pancreas. 

Sexual functions. 

CNS: anatomy, neural network. 

Motor system.

228 


Somatosensory system, receptors. 

Pain. 

Vision. 

Hearing, smelling, taste. 

Sleep. 

Instinct, emotion. 

Learning, memory, cerebral cortex. 

PRACTICALS 

General information. Video (GI tract, liver). Collection of gastric juice, test meal (principle) 

GI tract: The pH of the saliva. Detection of proteins in saliva. Demonstration of amylase and maltase activities in the saliva. 

Detection of lactic acid in gastric juice. Demonstration of the protein digesting activity of pepsin. Measurement of acidity of gastric 

juice. Analysis of feces: color, smell, pH etc. Microscopic examination of the feces. Detection of blood in feces. Studies on gastric 

acid and bile secretion in rats. Demonstration of the movements of the small intestine according to Magnus' method. 

Urine analysis I.: Color, smell, transparency and pH. Microscopic investigation of the urinary sediment. Specific gravity. Detection 

of UBG (Ehrlich's method). Detection of calcium (Sulkowitsch' test). Detection of sugar (Nylander's and Fehling's tests). Detection 

of protein (Heller's test, boiling test, sulphosalicylic acid test). Detection of blood (benzidine test). Detection of acetone. Detection 

of bile pigment. Detection of pus (principle). Rapid strip tests. Video (kidney). 

Urine analysis II.: Demonstration of the effect of ADH on urine output. Dilution and concentration test in human (principle). 

Counting corpuscular elements in urine (Addis' method). Determination of clearance (principle). Analysis of an unknown urine 

sample. 

Human reflexes. Patella-, Achilles-tendon, biceps-, triceps-, radial-reflex. Skin reflexes. Reaction time. Tremor. Demonstration of 

blood-brain barrier in the rat. EEG. Chronically implanted EEG-electrodes in rats. Computer program (EEG). Video (Development 

of the motor system of a baby, EEG). 

Motor functions of intact frog. Posture and locomotion. Righting-, compass- and cornea-reflex. Motor functions of the spinal frog. 

Spinal shock and muscular tension. Wiping-reflex. Hugging-reflex. Reciprocal innervation. Protective (flexor-) reflex. Reflexirradiation. 

Stimulus summation. Analysis of the reflex-arc. Determination of reflex-time. Reflex hyperresponsiveness after 

strychnine. 

Sensory organs I.: Visual acuity. Correction of faults of refraction (principle). Accomodation. Mariotte's blind-spot test. The lightresponse 

of the pupil. Testing of color blindness. Perimetry. Ophthalmoscopy. Dark adaptation. Purkinje-Sanson's images. Fusion 

frequency. Nystagmus. Detection of astigmatism (Placido's keratoscope, Javal-schiötz'-ophthalmometer). Visual evoked potentials 

(computer program). 

Sensory organs II.: Laryngoscopy, otoscopy. Acoustic acuity (drop-test, audiometry). Tests with tuning fork (examinations 

according to Rinne, Schwabach and Weber). Bárány's pointing test. Olphactometry. Tests of somatosensations (pressure, pain, 

tactile sense etc.). Video (Vision, inner ear). 

Pregnancy tests. 

Thorn's test (principle). 

The effect of insulin on blood glucose level. 

Video (Sleep, behavior).


COLLOID CHEMISTRY 

LECTURES 

Introduction 

Colloidal state and systems 

Major characteristics of colloidal systems: classification, definition, delimitation and comparison. 

Incoherent (incohesive) and coherent (cohesive) colloidal systems. 

Macromolecular colloids 

Chemical structure of macromolecules. 

Characterization of macromolecular coils. 

Preparation of polymeric materials. 

Macromolecular solutions, molecular mass determination. 

Polyelectrolytes, structure and solution behavior. 

Association colloids 

Structure and types of amphiphilic molecules, HBL scale. 

Micelle formation equilibrium. 

Structure of micelle. 

Critical micelle formation concentration. 

Physical-chemical properties of surfactant solutions. 

Solubilization in surfactant solutions. 

Interfaces 

Interfacial phenomena, interfacial energy. 

Gas/liquid, liquid/liquid interfaces. Surface tension, surface activity, excess amounts, spreading. 

Monomolecular films. 

Gas/solid and liquid/solid interfaces. Adsorption. 

Adsorbents. 

Spreading and wetting. 

Charged interfaces, electric double layer. 

Electrokinetic phenomena. 

Preparation, characterization and stability of colloid and coarse disperse systems 

Classification and characterization of colloid and coarse disperse systems. 

Spontaneous and forced changes in colloidal state, preparation and destabilization, colloidal stability. 

Aerosols, foams, emulsions, microemulsions, suspensions and sols. 

Structural characterization of colloidal systems 

Particle size and shape. Size distribution. Measuring methods. 

Coherent systems, gels. Rheology, flow curves, tixotropy. 

PRACTICALS 

Safety precaution, fire protection. 

Viscosity of polymer solutions. 

Effect of surface active agents on surface tension of water. 

Solubilization of organic acids. 

Adsorption from solution, determination of specific surface of adsorbent. 

Emulsions, microemulsions. 

Spreading and wetting. Making of monomolecular films by Pockels method.

230 


BIOCHEMISTRY 

Enzymology 

Definition and scope of biochemistry 

Conditions of processes in biological systems 

Living organism as a thermodynamically open system 

Protein structure 

Functions of proteins in the organism 

Protein composition/structure 

Protein conformation 

Enzymes 

Enzymatic action 

Models 

Types of proteases 

Coenzymes 

Classification of enzymes. 

Isoenzymes, their clinical importance 

Units of enzyme activity 

Enzyme kinetics 

Role of enzymes during catalysis 

Steady state 

Order and conditions of reactions 

K m 

Lineweaver-Burk equation/plot 

Kinetics of inhibition 

Carbohydrate metabolism 

Energy generation 

Storage 

Synthesis of glucose (gluconeogenesis) from non-carbohydrate precursosrs: glycerol (from neutral lipids), glucogenic amino 

acids 

Importance of hexose monophosphate shunt 

Relationship between the carbohydrate metabolism and other metabolisms 

Lipid metabolism 

Amino acid metabolism 

Nucleotide metabolism 

Citric acid cycle, terminal oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation 

Citric acid cycle as the central pool of the intermediate metabolism 

Definition of terminal oxidation, redox systems in the organism 

Oxidative phosphorylation 

Biochemical characterization of the connective tissue and the cytoskeleton 

Collagen structure and its synthesis 

Biochemistry of membranes 

Structure of biological membranes, fluid mosaic model 

Membrane proteins and transport systems 

Biochemistry of contractile tissues 

Types of contractile tissues 

Regulation of muscle contraction by calcium 

Biochemistry of the neural tissue and vision 

Biochemistry of the blood 

Organic components of the blood plasma 

Biochemical characteristics of blood cells 

Biochemistry of blood clotting and fibrinolysis 

Biochemistry of the liver and biotransformation 

Structure of liver and its microcirculation system 

Biotransformation 

Biochemical effects of alcohols 

Biochemistry of hormones 

Chemical and biochemical classification of hormones 

Biochemistry of thyroid and parathyroid hormones 

Hormonal regulation of blood glucose level 

Biochemistry of steroid hormones


Tissue hormones, growth factors 

Regulation of gene expression 

General principles of biochemical regulation, adaptation, limits of adaptation 

Signalling systems 

Cyclic nucleotide dependent signalling systems 

Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation as regulation mechanisms 

General principles of biochemical regulation 

PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY 

The plant cell. The important parts of the plant cell and their roles. The ground cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi 

apparates, mitocondria. 

Plastids, ribosomes, nucleus, vacuoles and their roles. 

Ergastic substances, cell wall and their roles. 

The plant tissues: embryonic tissues, apical meristems. 

Secondary meristems, lateral meristem, intercalary meristem. 

The ground tissues parenchyma tissues (chylorenchyma). 

Collenchyma. Sclerenchyma. Secretory cells and secretory canals. 

Tissues of vascular system xylem, cell types of the xylem, cell types of the phloem. 

Dermal tissues epidermis and stomata. 

Trichomes. 

The root, the types of the root (lateral roots ....). 

The tissue structures of the root, root apex, root cap, rhizodermis, exodermis. 

The root cortex, endodermis, vascular cylinder. 

Secondary growth in thickness in the root. 

The shoot, the shoot modifications. Primary structure of the shoot. 

The primary vascular system of the shoots. 

The secondary dermal system of the stem. 

Woody and herbaceons dicotyledons. 

Leaf, the parts of the leaves, the types of the Angiospermatophyta leaves. 

The histology of angiosperm leaf. 

The flower, the parts of angiosperm flower, sepals. 

Petals, tepals, Stamens. 

Carpels - Gynoeceum - the ovule. 

The flower diagramm and flower formula. 

Pollination, fertilizatin, development of the embryo. 

The inflorescence, types of inflorescences. 

The seed, structure of the seed. 

The important taxonomic units and the nomenclature of plants. 

The characterization of Coniferophytina and the taxons of it. 

Gymnospermatophyta, what features this taxon has. Its subclasses. 

Characterization of Dicotyledonopsida. 

Characterization of Magnoliaceae, Berberidaceae, Aristolochiaceae families. 

Characterization of Ranunculaceae, Papaveraceae, Fumariaceae. 

Characterization of Cannabinaceae, Urticaceae. 

Characterization of Caryophyllaceae and Polygonaceae. 

Characterization of Tiliaceae and Malvaceae. 

Characterization of Brassicaceae and Primulaceae. 

Characterization of Rosaceae. 

Characterization of Fabaceae and Myrtaceae. 

Characterization of Rutaceae and Linaceae. 

Characterization of Geraniaceae and Apiaceae. 

Characterization of Loganiaceae, Apocynaceae, Gentianaceae and Rubiaceae. 

Characterization of Caprifoliaceae and Valerianaceae. 

Characterization of Boraginaceae and Lamiaceae. 

Characterization of Solanaceae, Scrophulariaceae and Plantaginaceae. 

Characterization of Monocotyledonopsida and Liliaceae family, Dioscoreaceae family. 

Characterization of Amaryllidaceae family. 

Characterization of Orhidaceae family. 

Characterization of Poaceae family.

232 


PHARMACEUTICAL PROPEDEUTICS 


WEEK 

Lecture 

(2 hrs/week) 

1. Definition of drugs, classification of drugs. Active substances, additives, pharmaceutical 

preparations, dosage forms 

2. Medical prescription. History of medical prescription, part of prescription, 

legal condition-system of prescription writing 

3. Types of drug order (formula magistralis, formula normalis, formula originalis, formula officinalis, 

fordmula nosocomialis 

4. Pharmacies. Types of phramacies (public pharmacy, branch pharmacy, ’hand’ pharmacy, hospital 

pharmacy). Establishment of pharmacies,equipment and fittings in pharmacies, function of 

pharmacies 

5. Pharmacopoesas I.Functions and structures of pharamcopoeas. Hungarian Pharmacopoea Ed. VII. 

and VIII. 

6. Pharmacopoeas II. European Pharmacopoea Ed 4-5!. American and British Pharmacopoeas. 

National Formulary,Prescriptiones Magistrales 

7. Dosage forms in pharmacopoeas (solid, loquid and semisolid dosage forms, 

human and veterunary medicines, classification of dosage forms according to application place. 

ATC code 


9. Institutional pharmacy (hospital and clinic pharmacy).Basic activity and professional activity in 

hospital pharmacies 

10. Industrial pharmacy. Characteristics of industrial preparation of dosage forms. 

Good manufacturing Practice 

11. Drug research( Phase 0, PhaseI., Phase II., Phase III., Phase IV.) Pharmaco-economic 

investigation, investigations of quality of life 

12. Registration of drugs. Patents, listed medicines, generic medicines 

13. Public health, social insurance. Ministry of helath. Organisations of pharmacy ( Sociiety of 

Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutica lChamber). WHO, FIP, EUFEPS 

14. Education of pharmacist, gradual- and postgradual education, 

Special training, further education 

15. Pharmaceutical calculation (unit of mass, solubility, calculation of concentration, 

checking of dose).Basic operation in pharmacies measurement of mass, balances, etc)


PHARMACOGNOSY 

SYLLABUS FOR 3RD YEAR PHARMACY STUDENTS 

FALL TERM 

About pharmacognosy in general. The history of pharmacognosy. 

Plant nomenclature and nomenclature of plant drugs. What is a plant drug? 

Collection and cultivation of medicinal plants. 

About plant drugs. The preparation of plant drugs. 

Basic metabolic pathways. Primary metabolits. The origin of carbohydrates. 

The formation of fats and proteins. 

Secondary metabolites. The origin of terpenoids. 

The formation of phenolic compounds and alkaloids. 

About carbohydrates in general. The types, occurence, uses (in medicine) of carbohydrates. 

Honey, Tamarin pulp, manna, fig. 

Rose fruits. 

Starches. 

Gums and mucillages. Tragacantha, acacia gum, agar, cotton. 

Carragen, steraculia gum, psillium, marshmallow root, linseed. 

Fats, fixed oils, waxes. Arachis oil, sesame oil, olive oil. 

Castor oil, coconut oil, linseed oil, theobroma oil. 

Hydnocarpus oil, bees wax, spermaceti. 

Prostaglandins. 

Krebs cycle. Amino acids. Peptides. 

Enzymes, pepsin. 

Isoprenoid compounds (in general, biogenesis). 

Monoterpenes, volatile oil (preparation, characters, uses) 

Peppermint leaf and oil, spermint oil. 

Lavender oil and flower. Rosemary oil and leaves. Oil of rose. 

Caraway and caraway oil. Coriander and coriander oil. 

Dill and dill oil. 

Thyme, eucalyptus oil and leaves. 

Cardamon fruit, bitter orange peel. 

Lemon peel, juniper berries and oil. 

Aniseed and aniseed oil, fennel, cinnamon and cinnamon oil. 

Star anis fruit and oil. Camphor. 

Clove and clove oil. Nutmeg and nutmeg oil. 

Calamus, ginger, turmeric. 

Iridoids, gentian roots. 

Valerian. 

Sesquiterpenes, chamomile flowers. 

Matricaria flowers. 

Fish berries, santonica flowers. 

Sandal wood, oil of cade. 

Diterpenoids, colophony resin and turpenine. 

Asafoetida, myrrh, triterpenoids (biogenesis of triterpenoids). 

Ginseng, senega root. 

Quillaya bark, liquorice. 

About steroids in general (biogenesis of steroids). 

Steroidal saponins (dioscorea, solanum, sarsaparilla root). 

Natural steroids as staring materials for partial synthesis of pharmaceuticals. 

About cardioactive glycosides containing drugs in general. 

Digitalis (purpurea) leaf. 

Digitalis lanata leaf. 

Strophamtus and other (nerium, thevetia, convallaria, adonis) cardenolid containing drugs. 

Bufadienolids and its drugs (squills, black hellebore rhizom).

234 


SPRING TERM 

Alkaloids in general. Ornithine-derived alkaloids. Tropane alkaloids. 

Hyoscyamus leaf. Egyptian Henbane. Belladonna herb and root. 

Stramonium leaf. Duboisia leaves. Coca leaf and Cocaine. 

Lysine-derived alkaloids. Lobelia. Tobacco alkaloids. 

Phenylalanine-derived alkaloids. Ephedra.Khat. Opium poppy. Opium. 

Hydrastis.Ipecacuanha. Colchicum seed and Corm. 

Triptophan-derived alkaloids. Ergot. Calabar bean. Nux vomica. Rauwolfia. 

Catharanthus roseus. Cinchona. Imidazole alkaloids. Jaborandi leaf. 

Purine alkaloids. Coffee seed. Thea. Cocoa seed. Maté leaf. Cola. Guarana. 

Phenols and phenolic glycosides. Phloroglucinol-derivatives. 

Male fern. Anthraquinones and glycosides. Senna leaf. Cascara bark. 

Frangula bark. Rhubarb. Aloes. Flavonoid compounds. Silybum. Sambucus. 

Tannins. Galls and tannic acid. Hamamelis. Catechu. Rhatany. 

Coumarins and their glycosides. Visnaga. Lignans. Podophyllum and Podophyllum resin. 

Simple phenolic compounds. Vanilla and Vanillin. Baerberry leaves. 

Capsicum. Indian hemp. Henna.


PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY 

FALL TERM 

LECTURES 

GENERAL PART 

Definition and classification of drugs or pharmaceuticals. The history and development of drug control. Nomenclature of drugs. 

Physical, physico-chemical and chemical investigations of pharmaceuticals and substances used in pharmacy. Identification and 

qualitative tests, quantitative assays. 

INORGANIC PART 

Halogen group. Chlorine water, Iodine, Hydrochloric acid, Sodium fluoride, Sodium chloride, Potassium chloride, Sodium bromide, 

Potassium bromide, Sodium iodide, Potassium iodide, Potassium chlorate, Potassium perchlorate. 

Oxygen compounds. Demineralized water, Distilled water, Hydrogen peroxide solution 30%, Potassium hydroxide, Sodium 

hydroxide. 

Sulphur and its compounds. Purified sulphur powder, Precipitated sulphur, Sodium disulphite, Potassium sulphate, Sodium 

sulphate, Sodium thiosulphate. 

Nitrogen group. Nitrogen, Concentrated ammonia solution, Ammonium chloride, Ammonium bromide, Nitrous oxide, Sodium 

nitrite, Concentrated nitric acid, Potassium nitrate. 

Phosphoric acid and its salts. Sodium dihydrogenphosphate, Disodium hydrogenphosphate, Calcium hydrogenphosphate, 

Tricalcium phosphate. 

Compounds of arsenic, antimony and bismuth. Arsenic oxide, Bismuth oxynitrate. 

Carbon group. Activated charcoal, Carbon dioxide, Lithium carbonate, Sodium carbonate, Potassium carbonate, Potassium 

thiocyanate. 

Silicon compounds. Hydrophilic colloidal silica, Hydrophobic colloidal silica, Talc, Magnesium trisilicate, White clay. 

Lead compounds. Lead monoxide, Lead acetate. 

Boron compounds. Boric acid, Sodium borate. 

Aluminium compounds. Dried aluminium hydroxide, Aluminium sulphate, Crystalline potassium aluminium sulphate, Aluminium 

chloride. 

Zinc compounds. Zinc chloride, Zinc oxide, Zinc sulphate. 

Mercury and its compounds. Mercury, Mercury(I) chloride, Mercury(II) amidochloride, Red mercury iodide, Yellow mercury(II) 

oxide, Mercury(II) sulphide. 

Copper and silver compounds. Copper(II) sulphate, Silver nitrate. 

Iron and its compounds. Powdered iron, Reduced iron, Iron(III) chloride, Iron(II) sulphate. 

Manganese compounds. Potassium permanganate. 

Calcium compounds. Calcium chloride, Calcium bromide, Calcium oxide, Dried calcium sulphate, Calcium carbonate. 

Magnesium compounds. Magnesium chloride, Magnesium carbonate, Magnesium oxide, Magnesium sulphate. 

Barium compounds. Barium sulphate. 

ORGANIC PART 

Drugs acting on the central nervous system 

General anaesthetics 

Inhalation anaesthetics. Nitrous oxide, Ether, Ethyl Chloride, Chloroform, Trichloroethylene, Ethylene, Cyclopropane, Vinyl Ether, 

Halothane, Methoxyflurane, Enflurane, Isoflurane. 

Intravenous anaesthetics. Hexobarbital. Thiobutabarbital Sodium, Thiopental Sodium, Methohexital Sodium, Ketamine, 

Propanidid, Etomidate. 

Sedative-hypnotics, hypnotics 

Alcohols. Ethanol, Disulfiram, Methylpentynol, Chlorobutanol. 

Aldehydes. Paraldehyde, Chloral Hydrate. 

Urethanes. Urethane, Ethinamate. 

Ureides. Bromisoval, Carbromal. 

Barbiturates. Chemical characteristics, Analysis of barbiturates, Structure-activity considerations, Synthesis of barbiturates, 

Biotransformation of barbiturates, Barbital, Phenobarbital, Butobarbital, Amobarbital, Pentobarbital, Allobarbital, Cyclobarbital. 

Benzodiazepine derivatives. Nitrazepam, Flunitrazepam. 

Other derivatives. Methaqualone, Glutethimide, Thalidomide 

Anticonvulsant drugs 

Barbiturates Phenobarbital. 

Pyrimidinediones Primidone. 

Hydantoins. Phenytoin, Mephenytoin.

236 


2,4-Oxazolidinediones. Trimethadione, Paramethadione. 

Succinimides. Ethosuximide, Morsuximide. 

Other derivatives. Phenacemide, Valproic Acid, Sulthiam, Carbamazepine. 

Narcotic analgesics 

Stucture of morphine, Analysis of morphine derivatives, Biotransformation of morphine derivatives. 

Morphine derivatives. Morphine, Codeine, Ethylmorphine, Dihydrocodeine, Oxycodone, Nalorphine, Azidomorphine, Apomorphine. 

Synthetic narcotic analgesics. Morphinan derivatives: Levorphanol, Dextrometorphan. Benzomorphan derivatives: Phenazoine, 

Pentazocine. Phenylpiperidine derivatives: Pethidine, Alphaprodine, Betaprodine. Methadone derivatives: Methadone, Piritramide. 

Endogenous opioid peptides. 

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, analgesics and antipyretics. 

Salicylic acid derivatives. Synthesis and analysis of salicylic acid derivatives, Biotransformation of salicylic acid derivatives, Salicylic 

Acid, Sodium Salicylate, Acetylsalicylic Acid, Methyl Salicylate, Salicylamide, Benorilate. 

Aniline derivatives. Acetanilide, Paracetamol, Phenacetin. 

Pyrazolinone derivatives. Synthesis and analysis of pyrazoline derivatives. Phenazone, Aminophenazone, Novaminophenazone, 

Phenylbutazone, Oxyphenbutazone. 

Anthranilic acid derivatives. Mefenamic Acid, Flufenamic Acid, Tolfenamic Acid, Nifluminic Acid. 

Arylacetic acid and arylpropionic acid derivatives. Indomethacine, Diclofenac Sodium, Ibuprofen, Naproxen. 

Other derivatives. Piroxicam. Proquazone, Chloroquine, Rimazolium Methylsulfate. 

Anti-inflammatory steroids 

Preparation and analysis of glucocorticoids, Structure-activity considerations, Prednisolone, Hydrocortisone, Mazipredone, 

Betamethasone, Beclomethasone. 

Neuroleptics 

Phenothiazine derivatives. Structure-activity considerations, Steric structure of phenothiazine derivatives, Synthesis of 

phenothiazine derivatives, Biotransformation of phenothiazine derivatives, Chlorpromazine, Triflupromazine, Promethazine, 

Levomepromazine, Trifluoperazine, Flufenazine, Metofenazate, Thioridazine, Chlorprotixene, Clozapine. 

Butyrophenone derivatives. Haloperidol, Droperidol, Trifluperidol. 

N-[4,4-bis(p-Fluorophenyl)butyl]piperidine derivatives. Fluspirilene, Pimozide. 

Antidepressants 

Structure-activity considerations, Synthesis of tricyclic antidepressants, Steric structure of tricyclic antidepressants, 

Biotransformation of tricyclic antidepressants. 

Tricyclic antidepressants. Imipramine, Protriptylin, Trimipramine, Amitriptyline, Nortriptyline, Doxepine, Dibenzepine. 

Monoamine oxidase inhibitor antidepressants. Phenelzine, Tranylcypromine, Pargyline, Clorgiline. 

Second-generation antidepressants. Maprotiline, Amoxapin, Mianserin, Trazodone, Viloxazine, Fluoxetin. 

Lithium salts. Lithium Carbonate. 

Antiparkinsonism agents 

Central anticholinergics. Procyclidine, Trihexyphenidyl, Tolperisone. 

Antihistamines. Diethazine, Methixene. 

Drugs which increase brain levels of dopamine. Levodopa, Selegiline, Benserazide, Bromocriptine, Amantadine. 

Psychomotor stimulants and anoretics 

Psychomotor stimulants. Amphetamine, Metamphetamine. 

Anoretics. Phentermine, Chlorphentermine, Clortermine, Benzfetamine, Fenfluramine, Amfepramon, Methylphenidate, 

Phenmetrazine, Propylhexedrine, Mazindol. 

Methylxanthines. Synthesis and analysis of methylxanthines, Caffeine, Theophylline, Theobromine. 

Analeptics. Strychnine, Lobeline, Camphor, Pimeclone, Nikethamide, Pentetrazol, Picrotoxin, Etamivan, Doxapram. 

Nootropics. 

Glutaminic acid, Piracetam. 

Anxiolytics 

Propanediol carbamate anxiolytics. Meprobamate. 

Benzodiazepines. Synthesis of benzodiazepines, Structure-activity considerations, Structure and steric structure of 

benzodiazepines, Biotransformation of benzodiazepines, Analysis of benzodiazepines. Diazepam, Nordazepam, Oxazepam, 

Chlordiazepoxide, Medazepam, Alprazolam, Tofizopam. 

Other anxiolytics. Trimetozine, Benzoctamine. 

Hallucinogens 

LSD, Mescaline, Tetrahydrocannabinol.


Practicals 

week 1 

Seminar: Measures in the laboratory. Safety instructions and fire-protective rules. Lab note book. 

week 2 

Natrii chloridum It. A, B, Pt. Appearance of solution, Acidity or alkalinity, Ferrocyanides, Iodides, Phosphates, Sulphates, Arsenic, 

Barium, Iron, Heavy metals, Informative test: 2, 3 

Seminar: Reagents, limit test solutions and colorimetric matching fluids. Identifying and general purity tests of European 

Pharmacopoeia 4th Ed. 

week 3 

Ammonii chloridum It. A, B, Pt. Appearance of solution, Acidity or alkalinity, Bromides and iodides, Calcium, Assay, Informative 

test: 2,3 

Kalii chloridum It. A, B, Pt. Appearance of solution, Acidity or alkalinity, Iodides, Sulphates, Heavy metals, Iron, Informative test: 

2,3 

Kalii perchloras It. A, B, C, D, Informative test: 2,3 

Seminar: Pharmaceutical nomenclature. Quantitative assays. Group of halides. Compounds of halides, oxygen group and alkali 

hydroxids: Chlorine water, bromine, Iodum, Acidum hydrochloridum, Natrii chloridum, Kalii chloridum, Natrii bromidum, Kalii 

bromidum, Natrii iodidum, Kalii iodidum, chloride of lime, Kalii perchloras, Aqua purificata, Aqua valde purificata, Aqua ad 

iniectabilia, Hydrogenii peroxidum 30 per centum, Natrii hydroxydum, Kalii hydroxidum. 

week 4 

Kalii iodidum It. A, B, Assay, Informative test: 3 

Natrii iodidum It. A, B, Pt. Appearance of solution, Alkalinity, Iodates, Sulphates, Thiosulphates, Heavy metals, Iron, Informative 

test: 1, 3 

Iodum It. A, B, Pt.. Bromides, chlorides 

Natrii fuoridum It. A, B, C, Informative test: 1 

Seminar: Sulphur and sulphur compounds. Compounds of the nitrogen group, salts of the phosphoric acid. Sulfur ad usum 

externum, Natrii metabisulfis, Natrii sulfis, Natrii sulfas, Kalii sulfas, Natrii thiosulfas, Nitrogenium, Ammoniae solutio concentrata, 

Ammonii chloridum, Ammonii bromidum, Dinitrogenii oxidum, Natrii nitris, Kalii nitras, Natrii dihydrogenophosphas, Kalii 

dihydrogenophosphas, Dinatrii phosphas, Dikalii phosphas, Calcii hydrogenophosphas, Tricalcii phosphas. 

week 5 

Aqua purificata Pt. Nitrates, Acidity or alkalinity, Oxidisable substances, Chlorides, Sulphates, Ammonium, Calcium and 

magnesium 

Hydrogenii peroxidum 30 per centum It. A, B) 

Natrii bromidum It. A, B, Pt. Chlorides, Assay, Informative test: 1, 3 

Kalii bromidum It. A, B, Pt. Appearance of solution, Acidity or alkalinity, Bromates, Iodides, Sulphates, Heavy metals, Iron, 

Informative test: 2, 3 

Ammonii bromidum It. A, B, Pt. Appearance of solution, Acidity or alkalinity, Bromates, Iodides, Informative test: 2, 3 

Seminar: Inorganic arsenic and bismuth compounds. Carbo and inorganic compounds of carbon. Silicium, lead, boron, 

aluminium and zinc compounds. Arsenii trioxidum ad praeparationes homoeopathicae, Bismuthi subnitras ponderosus, Carbo 

activatus, Carbonei dioxidum, Natrii hydrogenocarbonas, Kalii hydrogenocarbonas, Natrii carbonas, Kalii carbonas, Lithii carbonas, 

Silica colloidalis anhydrica, Silica colloidalis hydrica, Aluminii magnesii silicas, Magnesii trisilicas, Talcum, Kaolinum ponderosum, 

Acidum boricum, Borax, Aluminii oxidum hydricum, Aluminii sulfas, Alumen, Aluminii chloridum, Zinci chloridum, Zinci oxidum, 

Zinci sulfas. 

week 6 

Natrii hydrogenocarbonas It. A, B, C, Pt. Appearance of solution, Chlorides, Sulphates, Heavy metals, Iron, Ammonium, Arsenic 

Natrii carbonas decahydricus It. A, B, C, Pt. Appearance of solution, Alkali hydroxides and bicarbonates, Chlorides, Sulphates, 

Arsenic, Heavy metals, Informative test: 1, 2 

Kalii hydrogenocarbonas It. A, B 

Kalii carbonas It. A, B, Informative test: 2, 3 

Lithii carbonas It. A, B, C, Assay, Informative test: 3 

Seminar: Mercury compounds, iron and iron compounds, mangan, calcium, magnesium and barium compounds, mercury(I) 

chloride, Hydrargyri chloridum, Cupri sulfas, Argenti nitras, Ferrum ad praeparationes homoeopathicae, Ferrosi sulfas, Ferri

238 


chloridum, Mangani sulfas, Kalii permanganas, Calcii chloridum, Calcii carbonas, Calcii hydroxidum, Calcii sulfas, Magnesii 

subcarbonas levis, Magnesii chloridum, Magnesii oxidum leve, Magnesii peroxidum, Magnesii sulfas, Barii sulfas. 

week 7 

Natrii thiosulfas It. A, B, C, D, Pt. Sulphates and sulphites, Sulphides, Assay, Informative test: 1, 3 

Natrii metabisulfis It. B, C, Pt. Appearance of solution, Thiosulphatese, Informative test: 1 

Kalii sulfas It. A, B 

Natrii sulfas It. A, B, Pt. Appearance of solution, Acidity or alkalinity, Chlorides, Calcium, Heavy metals, Iron, Magnesium, 


Calcii sulfas dihydricus It. B, C 

Written test on the subject of week 1-6. 

week 8 

Acidum boricum It. A, B, Pt. Organic matter, Assay 

Borax It. A, B, C, Pt. Appearance of solution, Ammonium, Arsenic, Calcium, Heavy metals, Informative test: 1 

Natrii nitris It. A, B, C, Informative test: 1, 3 

Kalii nitras It. A, B, Informative test: 2, 3 

Sulfur ad usum externum It. A, B, Pt. Appearance of solution, Odour, Acidity or alkalinity, Chlorides, Sulphates, Sulphides 

Seminar: Nomenclature of organic drug compounds. Carbocyclic and heterocyclic skeletons, functional groups. Isomerism of the 

organic drug compounds. Constitution, configuration, conformation. Geometrical isomerism: Z, E, cis, trans, endo, exo. Chirality, 

optical isomerism. Enantiomers, epimers, diastereomers, inversion, retention. Indication of the configuration: Fischer and Cahn- 

Ingold- Prelog conventions. Absolute and relative configuration. L, D, meso and erithro- threo isomerism, enol- oxo, lactamlactim 

tautomerism. 

week 9 

Carbo activatus It. A, B, Pt. Acidity or alkalinity, Alkali-soluble coloured substances, Sulphides, Adsorption power, Informative test: 

2 

Arsenii trioxidum ad praeparationes homoeopathicae It. A, B 

Dinatrii phosphas dodecahydricus It. A, B, Informative test: 1, 3 

Natrii dihydrogenophosphas dihydricus It. A, B, C, Pt. Appearance of solution, Reducing substances, Informative test: 2, 3 

Calcii hydrogenophosphas dihydricus It. A, B, Pt. Carbonates, Chlorides, Sulphates, Arsenic, Barium, Iron, Heavy metals, 


Silica colloidalis hydrica It. A, Informative test: 1, 2, 3 

Seminar: Pharmaceutical periodicals and manuals, literature. Study of the pharmaceutical literature by traditional methods and 

computer. 

General anaesthetics: Aether, Chloroformium, Halothanum (Narcotan), isoflurane (Forane), thiopental (Trapanal) 

Sedatohypnotics: Chloralhydratum, Carbromalum, Barbitalum, Phenobarbitalum (Sevenal), Hexobarbitalum (Novopan), 

Glutethimidum (Noxyron), thalidomid (Contergan), Nitrazepamum (Eunoctin), Midazolamum (Dormicum) 

Treatment of alcoholism: Disulfiramum (Antaethyl) 

week 10 

Ferrum ad praeparationes homoeopathicae It. A, Pt. Sulphides and phosphides, Assay 

Ferri chloridum hexahydricum It. A, B, Pt. Free chlorine, Ferrous ions, Informative test: 1 

Ferrosi sulfas heptahydricus It. A, B 

Magnesii sulfas heptahydricus It. A, B 

Magnesii subcarbonas levis It. A, B, C, Pt. Appearance of solution, Chlorides, Sulphates, Arsenic, Calcium, Iron, Informative test: 

1 

Seminar: 

Antiepileptics: Phenobarbitalum (Sevenal), Primidonum (Sertan), Phenytoinum (Diphedan), etosuximid (Petnidan), clonazepam 

(Rivotril), carbamazepine (Stazepine, Tegretol), lamotrigin (Lamictal), valproic acid (Convulex) 

Neuroleptics:, Chlorpromazini hydrochloricum (Hibernal), chlorprotixen (Truxal), Haloperidolum, Risperidonum (Risperdal), 

Clozapinum (Leponex), olanzapin (Zyprexa) 

Anxiolytics: Chlordiazepoxidum (Librium), Diazepamum (Valium), medazepam (Rudotel), alprazolám (Xanax), tofizopam 

(Grandaxin), meprobamate (Andaxin), buspiron (Anxiron), Trimetozinum (Trioxazin) 

week 11 

Kalii permanganas It. A, B, Assay 

Mangani sulfas monohydricus It. A, B


Magnesii trisilicas It. A, B, Informative test: 1, 2, 3 

Magnesii oxidum leve It. A, B, Pt. Appearance of solution, Chlorides, Sulphates, Arsenic, Calcium, Iron, Informative test: 1, 3) 

Zinci oxidum It. A, B, Pt. Alkalinity, Carbonates and substances insoluble in acids, Assay 

Zinci sulfas heptahydricus It. A, B 

Seminar: 

Opioid analgesics and antagonists: Morphinium chloratum, Aethylmorphini hydrochloricum, Pethidini hydrochloricum 

(Dolargan), Methadoni hydrochloricum (Depridol), Nalorphinium bromatum 

Antidepressants: Imipramini hydrochloricum (Melipramin), Amitriptylini hydrochloricum (Teperin), fluoxetine (Prozac), sertaline 

(Zoloft) 

Antiparkinson agents: levodopa (Dopaflex), amantadine (Viregyt-K), Apomorphini hydrochloricum, selegiline (Jumex), 

procyclidine (Kemadrin) 

Muscle relactants: Pipecuroni hydrobromidum (Arduan), Baclofenum (Lioresal), Carisoprodolum, Tolperisone (Mydeton) 

week 12 

Bismuthi subnitras ponderosus It. A, B, C, Assay, Informative test: 2 

Alumen It. A, B, C, Informative test: 1 

Aluminii sulfas It. A, B, Pt. Appearance of solution, Ammonium, Iron, Heavy metals, Informative test: 1 

Barii sulfas It. A, B, 

Titanii dioxidum It. A, Informative test: 2, 3 

Hydrargyri dichloridum It. A, B 

Argenti nitras It. A, B 

Cupri sulfas pentahydricus It. A, B, Assay 

week 13 

Written test on the subject of week 7-12 

Identification of 10 unknown compounds. 

Seminar 

Psychomotor Stimulants: Amphetamine, Caffeine 

Hallucinogens and illegal drugs: cocain, heroin, LSD, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), MDMA (Ecstasy) 

Anorectics: Mazindole (Teronac), Sibutramin (Reductil) 

Anti-Migrain Agents: Sumatipran (Imigran), Pizotifen (Sandomigran) 

Nootropics: Piracetam (Nootropil) 

Local anesthetic agents: cocaine, benzocaine, procaine, lidocaine, bupivacaine (Bucain, Marcain) 

Spasmolytics: papaverine, drotaverine (No-Spa), bencyclane (Halidor) 

week 14 

Supplementary practice. Accounting with the laboratory equipment. 

SPRING TERM 

LECTURES 

Cholinergic and adrenergic drugs and related agents 

Parasympathomimetics 

Direct parasympathomimetics. Acetylcholine, Carbachol, Pilocarpine, Muscarine, Arecoline. 

Indirect parasympathomimetics. Physostigmine, Neostigmine, Pyridostigmine, Ecothiopate. 

Irreversible AChE inhibitors. Paraoxon, Parathion, Methylparathion. 

Cholinesterase reactivators. 

Parasympatholytics 

Tropane alkaloids, Structure of tropine and pseudotropine, Synthesis of tropane, Analysis of tropane alkaloids, Structure 

elucidation of tropine and pseudotropine, Atropine, Scopoéamine, Homatropine, Methylhomatropine, Tranteline, Propantheline, 

Cyclodrine. 

Sympathomimetics 

α-Sympathomimetics. Norepinephrine, Epinephrine, Oxedrine, Pholedrine. 

β-Sympathomimetics. Isoprenaline, Bamethane, Terbutaline, Salbutamol, Naphazoline. 

Ephedrine, Pseudoephedrine, Structure elucidation, Synthesis, Steric structure, conformation. 

Sympatholytics 

α-Sympatholytics. Ergot alkaloids, Analysis of ergot alkaloids, Ergotamine, Ergometrine. 

LSD

240 


Tolazoline, Phentolamine, Prazosine. 

β-Sympatholytics. Oxprenolol, Pindolol, Propranolol, Metoprolol. 

Local Anaesthetic Agents 

Cocaine, Steric structure of cocaine. 

Benzocaine, Procaine, Tetracaine, Lidocaine, Cinchocaine. 

Smooth muscle active drugs 

Spasmolytics 

Papaverine, Synthesis of papaverine, Ethaverine, Drotaverine, Moxaverine, Bencyclane, Further synthetic spasmolytics. 

Antianginal agents and vasodilators 

Nitrates and nitrites. Amyl Nitrite, Nitroglycerine, Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate, Isosorbide Dinitrate, Nicotinic Acid, Xantinol 

Nicotinate, Nicotinamide. 

β-Adrenergic blocking agents. Oxprenolol, Pindolol, Propranolol, Metoprolol, Atenolol. 

Selective calcium antagonists. Verapamil, Nifedipine. 

Cardiovascular drugs 

Antiarrhythmic drugs 

Steric structures of quinine and quinidine, Quinidine, Procainamide, Lidocaine. 

Antihypertensive agents 

Reserpine 

Guanidine derivatives. Guanethidine, Guanazodine, Debrisoquin. 

Drugs acting directly on smooth muscle. Diazoxide, Dihydralazine, Clonidine 

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and adrenergic blockers. Captopril, Methyldopum, Pargyline. 

Calcium channel blockers. Verapamil, Nifedipine, Nitrendipine, Prenylamine, Fendiline, Lidoflazine. 

Cerebrotonics. Cinnarizine, Vincamine, Vinpocetine. 

Antihyperlipidaemic agents. Clofibrate, Pyricarbate, Nicotinic Acid. 

Blood coagulation drugs 

Anticoagulants 

Heparin Sodium, Dicoumarol, Acenocumarol, Warfarin Sodium, Phenindione. 

Haemostatics 

Aminocaproic Acid, p-Aminomethylbenzoic Acid, Vitamin K. 

Diuretics 

Purines and related heterocyclic compounds. Theophylline, Aminophylline, Ethophylline, Theobromine, Caffeine. 

Mercurials. Mercamphamide, Mercurophylline. 

Sulphonamides, Benzothiadiazines. Acetazolamide, Chlorothiazide, Hydrochlorothiazide. 

High-ceiling diuretics. Furosemide, Etacrynic acid, Clopamide, Chlortalidone. 

Endocrine antagonist. Spironolactone 

Osmotic agents. Sorbitol, Mannitol. 

Vitamins 

Fat-soluble vitamins. Vitamin A, Ergocalciferol, Cholecalciferol, Vitamin E, Vitamin K. 

Water-soluble vitamins. Ascorbic Acid, Synthesis and analysis of Ascorbic Acid, Thiamine Hydrochloride, Riboflavine, Niacinamide, 

Pantothenic Acid, Pyridoxine, Biotin, Folic Acid, Vitamin B 12 . 

Hormones 

Pituary and hypothalamic hormones. Corticotropin, Lipotropin, Prolactin, Somatotropin, Follitropin, Lutropin, Thyrotropin. 

Sex hormones and analogues 

Androgens. Testosterone, Methyltestosterone. 

Oestrogens. Oestrone, Oestradiol, Ethinyl oestradiol, Mestranol, Dienestrol, Diethylstilbestrol. 

Antioestrogen. Clomifen. 

Progestins. Progesterone, Norgestrel. 

Oral contraceptives. Ethinyl oestradiol, Mestranol, Norgestrel, Levonorgestrel, Ethynodiol diacetate. 

Adrenocortical hormones. Corticotropin. 

Sulphonamides 

Chemistry of sulphonamides, Structure-Activity relationship, Sulphacetamide, Sulphapyridine, Sulphamethoxazole, Sulphapyridine 

Antibiotics 

History of antibiotics. Groups of antibiotics. 

Penicillins. Structure of penicillins, Ampicillin, Benzylpenicillin, Phenoxymethylpenicillin, Carbenicillin, Methicillin, Mezlocillin, 

Oxacillin. 

Cephalosporins. Structure of cephalosporins, Classes of cephalosporins, Cephalexin, Cefamandole, Cefuroxime, Cefaclor. 

Tetracyclines. Structure of tetracyclines, Tetracycline, Oxytetracycline, Doxycycline. 

Chloramphenicol


Amino acids, Proteins, Enzymes and Peptide Hormones 

Amino acids. Naturally occurring amino acids, Aminoacetic acid, Methionine, Dihydroxyaluminium aminoacetate, Aminocaproic 

acid, Acetylcysteine, Levodopa, Carbidopa, Glutamic acid. 

Proteins. Conformational features of protein structure, Purification and classification. Thrombin, Haemoglobin, Gelatin, Gelatin 

sponge, Cobra Venom Solution. 

Enzymes. Relation of structure and function, Classification, Pepsin, Pancreatin, Trypsin, Chymotrypsin, Papain, Hyaluronidase. 

Peptide Hormones 

Pituitary hormones. Adrenocorticotropic Hormone 

Enkephalins and endorphins 

Placental hormones. Oxytocin, Vasopressin. 

Pancreatic hormones. Insulin, Insulin preparations. 

Plasmakinins. Bradykinin, Kallidin. 

Practicals 

week 1 

Measures in the laboratory. Safety instructions and fire-protective rules. Lab note book. Reception of laboratory equipment. 

Seminar: 

Psychomotor stimulants: Amphetamine, Caffeine 

Hallucinogens and illegal drugs: Cocaine, heroin, LSD, Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), MDMA (Ecstasy) 

Anoretics: Sibutramin (Reductil) 

Anti-Migrain Agents: Sumatipran (Imigran) 

Nootropics: Piracetam (Nootropil) 

Local anesthetic agents: Cocaine, Benzocaine, Procaine, Lidocaine, Bupivacaine (Bucain, Marcain) 

Spasmolytics: Papaverine, Drotaverine (No-Spa), Bencyclane (Halidor) 

week 2 

Trometamolum (Identification: A; Tests: Appearance of solution, pH, Chloride, Heavy metals, Iron; 

Assay; Informative test: 3) 

Ureum (Identification: C, D; Tests: Appearance of solution, Alkalinity, Biuret, Ammonium, Heavy metals) 

Phenolphthaleinum (Identification: B) 

Vanillinum (Identification: D) 

Seminar: 

Parasympathomimetics: Acetylcholine, Carbachol, Pilocarpine (Humacarpin), Physostigmine, Neoostigmine methylsulphate 

(Stigmosan) 

Parasympatholytics: Atropine, Homatropine, Methylhomatropine bromide, Scopolamine, Propantheline bromide, Tropicamide 

(Mydrum) 

Cholinesterase reactivators: Pralidoxime 

Sympathomimetics: Epinephrine, Isoprenaline (Isuprel), Oxedrine (Sympathomim), Phenylephrine, Ephedrine (Epherit), 

Naphazoline, Xylomethazoline (Novorin) 

week 3 

Aether (Tests: Acidity, Substances with a foreign odour, Aldehydes, Peroxides) 

Barbitalum (Identification: D; Tests: Acidity; Informative test: 4) 

Hexobarbitalum (Identification: D) 

Phenobarbitalum (Identification: D; Tests: Acidity; Informative test: 4) 

Phenobarbitalum natricum (Identification: D, E; Informative test: 1) 

Natrii acetas trihydricus (Identification: A, B; Tests: Appearance of solution, pH; Reducing substances, Chloride, Sulphate, 

Arsenic, Heavy metals, Iron; Informative test: 2, 3) 

Chloraminum (Identification: A, B, C, D, E; Assay) 

Seminar: 

Sympatholytics: Prazosine (Minipress), Propranolol (Huma-pronol), Atenolol (Blokium), Metoprolol (Betaloc), Pindolol (Visken) 

Antiasthmatic drugs: Theophylline, Salbutamol (Buventol), Terbutaline (Bricanyl) 

Antiarrhythmic drugs: Quinidine, Lidocaine, Amiodarone (Cordarone) 

Digitalis and other cardiac glycosides: Digitoxin (Digimerck) 

Xantin derivatives: Theobromine, Theophylline, Caffeine

242 


Antiemetics: Ondansetron (Zofran), Dimenhydrinate (Daedalon) 

Anticoagulants and haemostatics: Acenocoumarol (Syncumar), Ticlopidine (Ticlid) 

week 4 

Ethanolum (Identification: C, D; Tests: Appearance, Acidity, alkalinity; Informative test: 2) 

Alcohol isopropylicus (Identification: C; Tests: Peroxides) 

Apomorphini hydrochloridum (Identification: C; Informative test: 3, 4) 

Codeini hydrochloridum dihydricum (Identification: C, D, E; Informative test: 4) 

Ethylmorphini hydrochloridum (Identification: C, D; Informative test: 4) 

Morphini hydrochloridum (Identification: C, D, E, F, G) 

Calcii gluconas (Identification: B; Tests: Appearance of solution, Sucrose and reducing sugars, Chloride; 

Assay; Informative test: 1, 2, 3) 

Chlorali hydras (Identification: A, B; Tests: Appearance of solution, pH; Chloral alcoholate, Chloride, Heavy metals; Assay) 

Seminar: 

Antihypertensive agents: Methyldopum (Dopegyt), Captopril (Tensiomin), Enalapril (Ednyt), Losartan (Cozaar), Guanfacin 

(Estulic), Moxonidine (Cynt) 

Antianginal agents and Ironodilators: Glyceril trinitrate (Nitromint), Pentaerythritol tetranitrate (Nitropenton), Isosorbide 

mononitrate (Cardisorb, Rangin), Nicotinic acid, Pentoxyfilline (Trental) 

Antihyperlipidaemic agents: Lovastatin (Mevacor), Phenofibrate (Lipanthyl, Lipidil) 

Calcium channel blockers: Nifedipine (Corinfar), Nitrendipine (Baypress), Verapamil (Isoptin), Diltiazem (Blocalcin) 

Agents improving cerebral circulation: Vinpocetine (Cavinton), Cinnarizine (Stugeron) 

week 5 

Benzocainum (Identification: C, D; Informative test: 3) 

Cocaini hydrochloridum (Identification: D, E; Informative test: 4) 

Lidocaini hydrochloridum (Identification: D, E, F; Tests: A-Impurity; Informative test: 3) 

Procaini hydrochloridum (Identification: C, D, E, F; Informative test: 3, 4) 

Tetracaini hydrochloridum (Identification: B, C, D; Informative test: 2) 

Acidum asparticum (Identification: B; Tests: Appearance of solution, Chloride, Sulphate, Ammonium; Assay; Informative test: 2, 

3) 

Glycerolum (85 per centum) (Identification: C, D; Assay) 

Seminar: 

Antitussiv agents: Codeine, Noscapine, Butamirate (Sinecod), Prenoxdiazine (Libexin) 

Mucolytics: Bromhexine (Paxirasol), Ambroxol (Halixol), Terpin, Acetylcysteine (ACC, Fluimucil) 

Drugs of osteoporosis prevention: Clodronic acid (Bonefos) 

Drugs for gout: Allopurinol (Milurit) 

Thyroid and antithyroid drugs: Levothyroxine (Euthyrox), Liothyronin, Thiamazole (Metothyrin), Propylthiouracil (Propycil) 

Antidiabetics: Glibenklamide (Gilemal), Buformine (Adebit) 

Artificial sweeteners: Saccharin sodium, Aspartame (Nutrasweet) 

Mono- and disaccharides: Fructose, Glucose, Lactose, Sucrose 

week 6 

Atropini sulfas (Identification: D, E, F; Informative test: 3) 

Homatropini hydrobromidum (Identification: C, D; Informative test: 3) 

Physostigmini salicylas (Identification: C, D) 

Pilocarpini hydrochloridum (Identification: D, E) 

Ephedrini hydrochloridum (Identification: D, E) 

Isoprenalini hydrochloridum (Identification: D, E) 

Papaverini hydrochloridum (Identification: D; Informative test: 2) 

Natrii edetas (Identification: B, C, D; Assay; Informative test: 3) 

Methenaminum (Identification: B, C, D; Tests: Appearance of solution, Acidity, alkalinity, Free formaldehyde, Chloride, Sulphate, 

Ammonium, Heavy metals; Informative test: 1) 

Written test on the subject of week 1-6.


week 7 

Acidum acetylsalicylicum (Identification: B, C, D; Assay; Informative test: 1) 

Acidum salicylicum (Identification: C; Informative test: 2, 3) 

Methylis parahydroxybenzoas (Identification: D; Informative test: 2, 3) 

Phenazonum (Identification: C, D; Tests: Appearance of solution, Acidity, Alkalinity, Chloride, Sulphate, Heavy metals; Assay; 

Informative test: 4) 

Phenylbutazonum (Identification: D; Informative test: 1, 2) 

Paracetamolum (Identification: D, E) 

Indometacinum (Identification: D, E) 

Seminar: 

Drugs used in stomac disease : Phenolphthalein, Dehydrocholic acid, Diphenoxylate, Loperamide (Imodium), Metoclopramide 

(Cerucal), Cimetidine (Histodil), Ranitidine (Ulceran, Zantac), Omeprazole (Losec) 

Diuretics: Acetazolamide (Huma-Zolamide), Furosemide (Furon), Hydrochlorothiazide (Hypothiazid), Etacrynic acid (Uregyt), 

Amiloride, Spironolactone (Verospiron), Sorbitol 

Antiallergic antihistamins: Promethazine (Pipolphen), Dimenhydrinate (Daedalon), Dimethindene (Fenistil), Cetirizine 

(Zyrtec), Loratadine (Claritine) 

week 8 

Acidum ascorbicum (Identification: D; Assay; Informative test: 2) 

Nicotinamidum (Identification: C, D) 

Riboflavinum (Identification: C) 

Thiamini hydrochloridum (Identification: B, C; Informative test: 2) 

Cholesterolum (Identification: C; Informative test: 1) 

Prednisolonum (Informative test: 1) 

Acidum citricum monohydricum (Identification: A, C, D; Tests: Appearance of solution, Oxalic acid, Sulphate, Heavy metals; 


Natrii citras (Identification: A, B; Tests: Appearance of solution, Acidity, Alkalinity, Chloride, Oxalates, Sulphate, Heavy metals; 

Assay; Informative test: 2, 3) 

Seminar: 

Nonsteroidal analgesics and antipyretics: Salicyclic acid, Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin), Paracetamol (Rubophen), Phenacetin, 

Aminophenazone, Propiphenazone, Metamizol sodium (Algopyrin) 

Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents: Phenylbutazone, Etofenamate (Rheumon), Nifluminic acid (Donalgin), Indometacin, 

Diclofenac (Voltaren, Cataflam), Ibuprofen (Solpaflex, Advil), Naproxen (Naprosyn, Aleve), Piroxicam (Hotemin, Feldene) 

Antiinflammatory steroids: Hydrocortisone, Prednisolone, Triamcinolone acetonide (Ftorocort), Flucinolone acetonide 

(Flucinar), Betamethazone (Diprophos), Dexamethasone (Oradexon), Beclomethasone (Aldecin), Budesonide (Pulmicort), 

Mazipredone 

week 9 

Coffeinum (Identification: C, D, F; Informative test: 3) 

Theobrominum (Identification: B, C; Tests: Acidity; Informative test: 3) 

Theophyllinum (Identification: C, E; Tests: Appearance of solution, Acidity; Assay; 


Acidum tartaricum (Identification: A, B; Tests: Appearance of solution, Oxalic acid, Chloride, Sulphate, Calcium) 

Bismuthi subsalicylas (Identification: A, B; Tests: Chloride, Nitrate; Assay; 


Bismuthi subgallas (Identification: A, B) 

Seminar: 

Antifungal agents: Clotrimazole (Canesten), Tolnaftate (Chinofungin), Terbinafine (Lamisil), Ketoconazole (Nizoral), 

Fluconazole (Diflucan) 

Drugs used in the chemtoherapy of helminthiasis: Levamisole (Decaris), Mebendazole (Vermox) 

Antimalarial agents: Quinine, Chloroquine (Delagil), Mefloquine (Lariam), Pyrimethamine 

Antiseptics and desinfectans: Chlorogenium, Methenamine 

Microbiological preservatives: Methyl (p-hydroxy benzoate) 

Chemotherapic silfonamides: Sulfacetamide, Sulfadimidine, Sulfamethoxazole, Sulfasalazine (Salazopyrin) 

Chemotherapic nitrocompounds: Nitrofurantoin, Metronidazole (Klion) 

Other chemotherapic compounds: Trimethoprim, Nalidixic acid (Nevigramon)

244 


Fluoroquinolon derivatives: Ciprofloxacin (Ciprobay), Ofloxacin (Tarivid) 

Antituberculotics: Isoniazid (Isonicid), Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol (Sural), Cycloserine 

week 10 

Saccharinum natricum (Identification: C, D, E; Informative test: 1) 

Fructosum (Identification: B, C, D) 

Glucosum anhydricum (Identification: C; Tests: Appearance of solution, Acidity, Alkalinity, Foreign sugars, soluble starch, 

dextrins, Chloride, Sulphate, Arsenic, Barium, Calcium; Informative test: 2) 

Lactosum monohydricum (Identification: C; Informative test: 2) 

Sorbitolum (Tests: Reducing sugars; Informative test: 2) 

Saccharum (Identification: C; Tests: Appearance of solution, Acidity, Alkalinity, Dextrin, Glucose and invertsugars) 

Formaldehydi solutio (35 per centum) (Identification: A, B, C; Tests: Appearance of solution, Acidity; 

Assay) 

Seminar: 

Sex hormones and analogues: Oestradiol, Oestrone, Ethinyl oestradiol, Clomifen (Clostilbegyt), Testosterone (Andriol), 

Landrolol (Retabolil), Progesterone, Ethinodiol diacetate, Levonorgestrel 

Nonsteroidal agents acting on sexual activity : Sildenafil (Viagra), Apomorphine (Uprima) 

Vitamins: Retinol (vitamin A 1 ), Ergocalciferol (vitamin D 2 ), Cholecalciferol (vitamin D 3 ), Menadione (vitamin K 3 ), Thiamine 

chloride (vitamin B 1 ), Riboflavine (vitamin B 2 ), Pyridoxine (vitamin B 6 ), Nicotinamide, Folic acid, Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) 

week 11 

Phenolum (Identification: A, B, C) 

Resorcinolum (Identification: B, C; Tests: Appearance of solution, Acidity, Alkalinity, Pyrocatechol; Assay) 

Thymolum (Identification: C, D) 

Acidum benzoicum (Identification: B; Tests: Oxidisable substances; Assay; Informative test: 1, 2) 

Natrii benzoas (Identification: A, B; Tests: Appearance of solution, Acidity, Alkalinity; Informative test: 2, 3) 

Seminar: 

Antiviral agents: Amantadine, Acyclovir (Zovirax), Ribavirin (Copegus, Rebetol), Nevirapine (Viramune) 

Antibiotics: Benzylpenicillin, Ampicillin (Semicillin), Amoxicillin (Aktil), Oxacillin, Imipenem (Tienam), Sulbactam, Clavulanic acid, 

Cephalexin (Pyassan), Cefuroxime (Zinacef, Zinnat), Chloramphenicol, Doxycycline (Tenutan) 

Antineoplastic agents: Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan), Cisplatin (Platidiam), Carboplatin (Cycloplatin), Fluorouracil (Efudix), 

Methotrexate (Trexan), Imatinib (Glivec) 

Drugs used for immunomodulation: Levamisole, Azathioprine (Imuran) 

week 12 

Chloramphenicolum (Identification: D, E; Informative test: 1) 

Oxytetracyclini hydrochloridum (Identification: B, C; Informative test: 2) 

Sulfadimidinum (Identification: C, D; Informative test: 1) 

Chinidini sulfas (Identification: B, C; D, E, F; Tests: pH; Informative test: 1, 3, 4) 

Chinini sulfas (Identification: B, C, D, E; Tests: pH; Informative test: 1, 3, 4) 

Acidum lacticum (Identification: A, C; Tests: Appearance, Sugars and other reducing substances,, Citric, oxalic and phosphoric 

acids, Sulphate, Calcium, Heavy metals; Assay; Informative test: 3) 

Written test on the subject of week 7-12. 

week 13 and 14 

Identification of 10 unknown compounds. 

Supplementary practice. Accounting with the laboratory equipment.


PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY 

FALL TERM 

LECTURES 

GENERAL PART 





Halogen group 

Chlorine-water, iodine, hydrochloric acid, sodium fluoride, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium bromide, potassium 

bromide, sodium iodide, potassium iodide, potassium chlorate, potassium perchlorate. 

Oxygen compounds 

Demineralized water, distilled water, hydrogen peroxide solution 30%, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide. 

Sulphur and its compounds 

Purified sulphur powder, precipitated sulphur, sodium disulphite, potassium sulphate, sodium sulphate, sodium thiosulphate. 

Nitrogen group 

Nitrogen, concentrated ammonia solution, ammonium chloride, ammoniumbromide, nitrous oxide, sodium nitrite, 

concentrated nitric acid, potassium nitrate. 

Phosphoric acid and its salts 

Sodium dihydrogenphosphate, disodium hydrogenphosphate, calcium hydrogenphosphate, tricalcium phosphate. 

Compounds of arsenic, antimony and bismuth 

Arsenic oxide, bismuth oxynitrate. 

Carbon group 

Activated charcoal, carbon dioxide, lithium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium thiocyanate. 

Silicon compounds 

Hydrophilic colloidal silica, hydrophobic colloidal silica, talc, magnesium trisilicate, white clay. 

Lead compounds 

Lead monoxide, lead acetate. 

Boron compounds 

Boric acid, sodium borate. 

Aluminium compounds 

Dried aluminium hydroxide, aluminium sulphate, crystalline potassium aluminium sulphate, aluminium chloride. 

Zinc compounds 

Zinc chloride, zinc oxide, zinc sulphate. 

Mercury and its compounds 

Mercury, mercury(I) chloride, mercury(II) amidochloride, red mercury iodide, yellow mercury(II) oxide, mercury(II) sulphide. 

Copper and silver compounds 

Copper(II) sulphate, silver nitrate. 

Iron and its compounds 

Powdered iron, reduced iron, iron(III) chloride, iron(II) sulphate. 

Manganese compounds 

Potassium permanganate. 

Calcium compounds 

Calcium chloride, calcium bromide, calcium oxide, dried calcium sulphate, calcium carbonate. 

Magnesium compounds 

Magnesium chloride, magnesium carbonate, magnesium oxide, magnesium sulphate. 

Barium compounds 

Barium sulphate. 

ORGANIC PART 



Inhalation anaesthetics, intravenous anaesthetics. 


Alcohols, aldehydes, urethanes, ureides, barbiturates, benzodiazepine derivatives, other derivatives. 

Anticonvulsant drugs

246 


Barbiturates, Pyrimidinediones Primidone, hydantoins, 2,4-oxazolidinediones, succinimides, other derivatives. 


Morphine derivatives, synthetic narcotic analgesics, endogenous opioid peptides. 

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, analgesics and antipyretics 

Salicylic acid derivatives, aniline derivatives, pyrazolinone derivatives, anthranilic acid derivatives, arylacetic acid and 

arylpropionic acid derivatives, other derivatives. 


Neuroleptics 

Phenothiazine derivatives, butyrophenone derivatives, N-[4,4-bis(p-Fluorofenyl)butyl]piperidine derivatives. 


Tricyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitor antidepressants, second-generation antidepressants, lithium salts. 


Central anticholinergics, antihistamines, drugs which increase brain levels of dopamine. 


Psychomotor stimulants, anoretics, methylxanthines 

Analeptics 

Nootropics 

Anxiolytics 

Propanediol carbamate anxiolytics, meprobamate, benzodiazepines, other anxiolytics. 

Hallucinogens 


Prasympathomimetics 

Direct parasympathomimetics, indirect parasympathomimetics, irreversibel AChE inhibitors, cholinesterase reactivators. 



α-sympathomimetics, β-sympathomimetics. 


α-sympatholytics, β-sympatholytics. 

Local anaesthetic agents 

Cocaine, steric structure of cocaine. 

Benzocaine, procaine, tetracaine, lidocaine, cinchocaine. 


Spasmolytics 


Nitrates and nitrites, β-adrenergic blocking agents, selective calcium antagonists. 




Guanidine derivatives, drugs acting directly on smooth muscle, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and adrenergic 

blockers, calcium channel blockers, cerebrotonics, antihyperlipidaemic agents. 


Anticoagulants. Haemostatics. 

Diuretics 

Purines and related heterocyclic compounds. Mercurials. Sulphonamides, benzothiadiazines. High-ceiling diuretics. Endocrine 

antagonists. Osmotic agents. 

Vitamins 

Fat-soluble vitamins. Water-soluble vitamins. 

Hormones 

Pituary and hypothalamic hormones. 

Sex hormones and analogues. 

Androgens, oestrogens, antioestrogen, progestins, oral contraceptives. 

Adrenocortical hormones. 

Sulphonamides 

Antibiotics 

Penicillins. 

Cephalosporins. Tetracyclines. Chloramphenicol. 

Amino acids, proteins, enzymes and peptide hormones 

Amino acids. Proteins. Enzymes. Peptide hormones. 

Pituitary hormones, enkephalins and endorphins, placental hormones, pancreatic hormones, plasmakinins.


PRACTICALS 

Exercises and solutions of problems in the topics of the corresponding lectures. 

SPRING TERM 

LECTURES 

GENERAL PART 





Halogen group. Chlorine water, Iodine, Hydrochloric acid, Sodium fluoride, Sodium chloride, Potassium chloride, Sodium bromide, 

Potassium bromide, Sodium iodide, Potassium iodide, Potassium chlorate, Potassium perchlorate. 

Oxygen compounds. Demineralized water, Distilled water, Hydrogen peroxide solution 30%, Potassium hydroxide, Sodium 

hydroxide. 

Sulphur and its compounds. Purified sulphur powder, Precipitated sulphur, Sodium disulphite, Potassium sulphate, Sodium 

sulphate, Sodium thiosulphate. 

Nitrogen group. Nitrogen, Concentrated ammonia solution, Ammonium chloride, Ammonium bromide, Nitrous oxide, Sodium 

nitrite, Concentrated nitric acid, Potassium nitrate. 

Phosphoric acid and its salts. Sodium dihydrogenphosphate, Disodium hydrogenphosphate, Calcium hydrogenphosphate, 

Tricalcium phosphate. 

Compounds of arsenic, antimony and bismuth. Arsenic oxide, Bismuth oxynitrate. 

Carbon group. Activated charcoal, Carbon dioxide, Lithium carbonate, Sodium carbonate, Potassium carbonate, Potassium 

thiocyanate. 

Silicon compounds. Hydrophilic colloidal silica, Hydrophobic colloidal silica, Talc, Magnesium trisilicate, White clay. 

Lead compounds. Lead monoxide, Lead acetate. 

Boron compounds. Boric acid, Sodium borate. 

Aluminium compounds. Dried aluminium hydroxide, Aluminium sulphate, Crystalline potassium aluminium sulphate, Aluminium 

chloride. 

Zinc compounds. Zinc chloride, Zinc oxide, Zinc sulphate. 

Mercury and its compounds. Mercury, Mercury(I) chloride, Mercury(II) amidochloride, Red mercury iodide, Yellow mercury(II) 

oxide, Mercury(II) sulphide. 

Copper and silver compounds. Copper(II) sulphate, Silver nitrate. 

Iron and its compounds. Powdered iron, Reduced iron, Iron(III) chloride, Iron(II) sulphate. 

Manganese compounds. Potassium permanganate. 

Calcium compounds. Calcium chloride, Calcium bromide, Calcium oxide, Dried calcium sulphate, Calcium carbonate. 

Magnesium compounds. Magnesium chloride, Magnesium carbonate, Magnesium oxide, Magnesium sulphate. 

Barium compounds. Barium sulphate. 

ORGANIC PART 



Inhalation anaesthetics. Nitrous oxide, Ether, Ethyl Chloride, Chloroform, Trichloroethylene, Ethylene, Cyclopropane, Vinyl Ether, 

Halothane, Methoxyflurane, Enflurane, Isoflurane. 

Intravenous anaesthetics. Hexobarbital. Thiobutabarbital Sodium, Thiopental Sodium, Methohexital Sodium, Ketamine, 

Propanidid, Etomidate. 


Alcohols. Ethanol, Disulfiram, Methylpentynol, Chlorobutanol. 

Aldehydes. Paraldehyde, Chloral Hydrate. 

Urethanes. Urethane, Ethinamate. 

Ureides. Bromisoval, Carbromal. 

Barbiturates. Chemical characteristics, Analysis of barbiturates, Structure-activity considerations, Synthesis of barbiturates, 

Biotransformation of barbiturates, Barbital, Phenobarbital, Butobarbital, Amobarbital, Pentobarbital, Allobarbital, Cyclobarbital. 

Benzodiazepine derivatives. Nitrazepam, Flunitrazepam. 

Other derivatives. Methaqualone, Glutethimide, Thalidomide 

Anticonvulsant drugs 

Barbiturates Phenobarbital. 

Pyrimidinediones Primidone.

248 


Hydantoins. Phenytoin, Mephenytoin. 

2,4-Oxazolidinediones. Trimethadione, Paramethadione. 

Succinimides. Ethosuximide, Morsuximide. 

Other derivatives. Phenacemide, Valproic Acid, Sulthiam, Carbamazepine. 


Stucture of morphine, Analysis of morphine derivatives, Biotransformation of morphine derivatives. 

Morphine derivatives. Morphine, Codeine, Ethylmorphine, Dihydrocodeine, Oxycodone, Nalorphine, Azidomorphine, Apomorphine. 

Synthetic narcotic analgesics. Morphinan derivatives: Levorphanol, Dextrometorphan. Benzomorphan derivatives: Phenazoine, 

Pentazocine. Phenylpiperidine derivatives: Pethidine, Alphaprodine, Betaprodine. Methadone derivatives: Methadone, Piritramide. 

Endogenous opioid peptides. 

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, analgesics and antipyretics. 

Salicylic acid derivatives. Synthesis and analysis of salicylic acid derivatives, Biotransformation of salicylic acid derivatives, Salicylic 

Acid, Sodium Salicylate, Acetylsalicylic Acid, Methyl Salicylate, Salicylamide, Benorilate. 

Aniline derivatives. Acetanilide, Paracetamol, Phenacetin. 

Pyrazolinone derivatives. Synthesis and analysis of pyrazoline derivatives. Phenazone, Aminophenazone, Novaminophenazone, 

Phenylbutazone, Oxyphenbutazone. 

Anthranilic acid derivatives. Mefenamic Acid, Flufenamic Acid, Tolfenamic Acid, Nifluminic Acid. 

Arylacetic acid and arylpropionic acid derivatives. Indomethacine, Diclofenac Sodium, Ibuprofen, Naproxen. 

Other derivatives. Piroxicam. Proquazone, Chloroquine, Rimazolium Methylsulfate. 


Preparation and analysis of glucocorticoids, Structure-activity considerations, Prednisolone, Hydrocortisone, Mazipredone, 

Betamethasone, Beclomethasone. 

Neuroleptics 

Phenothiazine derivatives. Structure-activity considerations, Steric structure of phenothiazine derivatives, Synthesis of 

phenothiazine derivatives, Biotransformation of phenothiazine derivatives, Chlorpromazine, Triflupromazine, Promethazine, 

Levomepromazine, Trifluoperazine, Flufenazine, Metofenazate, Thioridazine, Chlorprotixene, Clozapine. 

Butyrophenone derivatives. Haloperidol, Droperidol, Trifluperidol. 

N-[4,4-bis(p-Fluorophenyl)butyl]piperidine derivatives. Fluspirilene, Pimozide. 


Structure-activity considerations, Synthesis of tricyclic antidepressants, Steric structure of tricyclic antidepressants, 

Biotransformation of tricyclic antidepressants. 

Tricyclic antidepressants. Imipramine, Protriptylin, Trimipramine, Amitriptyline, Nortriptyline, Doxepine, Dibenzepine. 

Monoamine oxidase inhibitor antidepressants. Phenelzine, Tranylcypromine, Pargyline, Clorgiline. 

Second-generation antidepressants. Maprotiline, Amoxapin, Mianserin, Trazodone, Viloxazine, Fluoxetin. 

Lithium salts. Lithium Carbonate. 


Central anticholinergics. Procyclidine, Trihexyphenidyl, Tolperisone. 

Antihistamines. Diethazine, Methixene. 

Drugs which increase brain levels of dopamine. Levodopa, Selegiline, Benserazide, Bromocriptine, Amantadine. 


Psychomotor stimulants. Amphetamine, Metamphetamine. 

Anoretics. Phentermine, Chlorphentermine, Clortermine, Benzfetamine, Fenfluramine, Amfepramon, Methylphenidate, 

Phenmetrazine, Propylhexedrine, Mazindol. 

Methylxanthines. Synthesis and analysis of methylxanthines, Caffeine, Theophylline, Theobromine. 

Analeptics. Strychnine, Lobeline, Camphor, Pimeclone, Nikethamide, Pentetrazol, Picrotoxin, Etamivan, Doxapram. 

Nootropics. 

Glutaminic acid, Piracetam. 

Anxiolytics 

Propanediol carbamate anxiolytics. Meprobamate. 

Benzodiazepines. Synthesis of benzodiazepines, Structure-activity considerations, Structure and steric structure of 

benzodiazepines, Biotransformation of benzodiazepines, Analysis of benzodiazepines. Diazepam, Nordazepam, Oxazepam, 

Chlordiazepoxide, Medazepam, Alprazolam, Tofizopam. 

Other anxiolytics. Trimetozine, Benzoctamine. 

Hallucinogens 

LSD, Mescaline, Tetrahydrocannabinol. 


Parasympathomimetics 

Direct parasympathomimetics. Acetylcholine, Carbachol, Pilocarpine, Muscarine, Arecoline. 

Indirect parasympathomimetics. Physostigmine, Neostigmine, Pyridostigmine, Ecothiopate.


Irreversible AChE inhibitors. Paraoxon, Parathion, Methylparathion. 

Cholinesterase reactivators. 


Tropane alkaloids, Structure of tropine and pseudotropine, Synthesis of tropane, Analysis of tropane alkaloids, Structure 

elucidation of tropine and pseudotropine, Atropine, Scopoéamine, Homatropine, Methylhomatropine, Tranteline, Propantheline, 

Cyclodrine. 


α-Sympathomimetics. Norepinephrine, Epinephrine, Oxedrine, Pholedrine. 

β-Sympathomimetics. Isoprenaline, Bamethane, Terbutaline, Salbutamol, Naphazoline. 

Ephedrine, Pseudoephedrine, Structure elucidation, Synthesis, Steric structure, conformation. 


α-Sympatholytics. Ergot alkaloids, Analysis of ergot alkaloids, Ergotamine, Ergometrine. 

LSD 

Tolazoline, Phentolamine, Prazosine. 

β-Sympatholytics. Oxprenolol, Pindolol, Propranolol, Metoprolol. 

Local Anaesthetic Agents 

Cocaine, Steric structure of cocaine. 

Benzocaine, Procaine, Tetracaine, Lidocaine, Cinchocaine. 


Spasmolytics 

Papaverine, Synthesis of papaverine, Ethaverine, Drotaverine, Moxaverine, Bencyclane, Further synthetic spasmolytics. 


Nitrates and nitrites. Amyl Nitrite, Nitroglycerine, Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate, Isosorbide Dinitrate, Nicotinic Acid, Xantinol 

Nicotinate, Nicotinamide. 

β-Adrenergic blocking agents. Oxprenolol, Pindolol, Propranolol, Metoprolol, Atenolol. 

Selective calcium antagonists. Verapamil, Nifedipine. 



Steric structures of quinine and quinidine, Quinidine, Procainamide, Lidocaine. 


Reserpine 

Guanidine derivatives. Guanethidine, Guanazodine, Debrisoquin. 

Drugs acting directly on smooth muscle. Diazoxide, Dihydralazine, Clonidine 

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and adrenergic blockers. Captopril, Methyldopum, Pargyline. 

Calcium channel blockers. Verapamil, Nifedipine, Nitrendipine, Prenylamine, Fendiline, Lidoflazine. 

Cerebrotonics. Cinnarizine, Vincamine, Vinpocetine. 

Antihyperlipidaemic agents. Clofibrate, Pyricarbate, Nicotinic Acid. 


Anticoagulants 

Heparin Sodium, Dicoumarol, Acenocumarol, Warfarin Sodium, Phenindione. 

Haemostatics 

Aminocaproic Acid, p-Aminomethylbenzoic Acid, Vitamin K. 

Diuretics 

Purines and related heterocyclic compounds. Theophylline, Aminophylline, Ethophylline, Theobromine, Caffeine. 

Mercurials. Mercamphamide, Mercurophylline. 

Sulphonamides, Benzothiadiazines. Acetazolamide, Chlorothiazide, Hydrochlorothiazide. 

High-ceiling diuretics. Furosemide, Etacrynic acid, Clopamide, Chlortalidone. 

Endocrine antagonist. Spironolactone 

Osmotic agents. Sorbitol, Mannitol. 

Vitamins 

Fat-soluble vitamins. Vitamin A, Ergocalciferol, Cholecalciferol, Vitamin E, Vitamin K. 

Water-soluble vitamins. Ascorbic Acid, Synthesis and analysis of Ascorbic Acid, Thiamine Hydrochloride, Riboflavine, Niacinamide, 

Pantothenic Acid, Pyridoxine, Biotin, Folic Acid, Vitamin B 12 . 

Hormones 

Pituary and hypothalamic hormones. Corticotropin, Lipotropin, Prolactin, Somatotropin, Follitropin, Lutropin, Thyrotropin. 

Sex hormones and analogues 

Androgens. Testosterone, Methyltestosterone. 

Oestrogens. Oestrone, Oestradiol, Ethinyl oestradiol, Mestranol, Dienestrol, Diethylstilbestrol. 

Antioestrogen. Clomifen.

250 


Progestins. Progesterone, Norgestrel. 

Oral contraceptives. Ethinyl oestradiol, Mestranol, Norgestrel, Levonorgestrel, Ethynodiol diacetate. 

Adrenocortical hormones. Corticotropin. 

Sulphonamides 

Chemistry of sulphonamides, Structure-Activity relationship, Sulphacetamide, Sulphapyridine, Sulphamethoxazole, Sulphapyridine 

Antibiotics 

History of antibiotics. Groups of antibiotics. 

Penicillins. Structure of penicillins, Ampicillin, Benzylpenicillin, Phenoxymethylpenicillin, Carbenicillin, Methicillin, Mezlocillin, 

Oxacillin. 

Cephalosporins. Structure of cephalosporins, Classes of cephalosporins, Cephalexin, Cefamandole, Cefuroxime, Cefaclor. 

Tetracyclines. Structure of tetracyclines, Tetracycline, Oxytetracycline, Doxycycline. 

Chloramphenicol 

Amino acids, Proteins, Enzymes and Peptide Hormones 

Amino acids. Naturally occurring amino acids, Aminoacetic acid, Methionine, Dihydroxyaluminium aminoacetate, Aminocaproic 

acid, Acetylcysteine, Levodopa, Carbidopa, Glutamic acid. 

Proteins. Conformational features of protein structure, Purification and classification. Thrombin, Haemoglobin, Gelatin, Gelatin 

sponge, Cobra Venom Solution. 

Enzymes. Relation of structure and function, Classification, Pepsin, Pancreatin, Trypsin, Chymotrypsin, Papain, Hyaluronidase. 

Peptide Hormones 

Pituitary hormones. Adrenocorticotropic Hormone 

Enkephalins and endorphins 

Placental hormones. Oxytocin, Vasopressin. 

Pancreatic hormones. Insulin, Insulin preparations. 

Plasmakinins. Bradykinin, Kallidin. 

PRACTICALS 

Procainium chloratum It. 2,3,4,5,6, Qu. 15 

Benzocainum It. 2,3,4, Pt. 5,6,7,8,9, Qu. 13 

Cocainium chloratum It. 2,3,4,5 

Lidocainum It. 3,4,5 

Diazepamum It. 3,4,5 

Imipraminium chloratum It. 4,5 

Reserpinum It. 3,4,5 

Local anaesthetics: Cocainium chloratum, Benzocainum (Norcain ® ), Procainium chloratum, Tetracainium chloratum, 

Lidocainium chloratum 

Antiparkinson agents: selegiline (Jumpex ® ),trihexiphenidyl (Parkan ® ), levodopa (Dopaflex ® ), metixen (Tremaril ® ) 

Muscle relaxants: guaiphenesin (Relaxil-G ® ), carisoprodol, chlorzoxazon (Myoflexin ® ), tolperizon (Mydeton ® ) 

Pilocarpinium chloratum It. 3,4,5 

Physostigminium salicylicum It. 2,3,4 

Atropinium sulfuricum It. 1,2,3 

Scopolaminium bromatum It. 2,3,4 

Homatropinium bromatum It. 2,3 

Methylhomatropinium bromatum It. 2,3,4 

Epinephrinum It. 3 

Ephedrinium chloratum It. 2,3,4, Pt. 5,9, Qu. 14 

Methylium parahydroxybenzoicum It. 2,3, Qu. 13 

Parasympathomimetics: acetylcholine, carbachol, Arecolinium bromatum, Neostigminium bromatum and methylsulfuricum, 

Pilocarpinium chloratum, Physostigminium salicylicum, paraoxone (Chinorto®) 

Parasympatholytics: Atropinium sulfuricum, Homatropinium bromatum, Methylhomatropinium bromatum, Scopolaminium 

bromatum, Propanthelinium bromatum, trantelinium (Gastrixon ® ), pralidoxim 

Sympathomimetics: Epinephrinum, Norepinephrinium hydrogentartaricum, Isoprenalinium chloratum, terbutaline (Bricanyl ® ), 

Oxedrinum (Sympathomim ® ), Pholedrinium sulfuricum (Pulsotyl ® ), Ephedrinium chloratum, Naphazolinium chloratum 

Bismuthum subgallicum It. 1,2,3, Pt. 4,6, Qu. 15 

Acidum benzoicum It. 2,3, Pt. 4,7,8,9,10, Qu. 13 

Camphora Ph 1, Pt. 4,5


Noscapinium chloratum It. 1,3 

Terpinum It. 2,3, Pt. 5 

Ergometrinium hydrogenmaleicum It. 2,3 

Ergotaminium tartaricum It. 2 

Sympatholytics: Tolazolinium chloratum, oxprenolol (Trasicor ® ), atenolol (Tenormin ® ), metoprolol (Betaloc ® ), pindolol (Visken 

® ), prazozine (Minipress ® ) 

Hypotensiva: Methyldopum (Dopegyt ® ), debrisoquin (Tendor ® ), guanetidin, guanphacin (Estulic ® ), captopryl (Tensiomin ® ) 

Vasodilatans, coronarvasodilatans: Amylium nitrosum, glyceryltrinitrate (Nitromint ® ), pentaerythrit (Nitropenton ® ), 

isosorbid dinitrate (Rigedal ® ), Prenylaminium lacticum (Corontin ® ), nifedipin (Corinfar ® ), cinnarizin (Stugeron ® ), vinpocetin 

(Cavinton ® ) 

Antiarrhythmica: procainamid, verapramil 

Papaverinium chloratum It. 2,3,4,5, Qu. 17 

Drotaverinium chloratum It. 2,3 

Bencyclanium hydrogenfumaricum It. 3 

Theophyllinum It. 3,4,5, Pt. 6,11,12 

Coffeinum It. 3,4,5, Pt. 6,11,12 

Theobrominum It. 2,3,4, Pt. 5 

Theobrominum natrium salicylicum It. 1,2,3, Pt. 4,9, Qu. 13 

Analeptics: Camphora, Nicethamidum, Pentetrazolum (Tetracor ® ) 

Spasmolytics: Papaverinium chloratum, Drotaverinium chloratum (No-Spa ® ), Bencyclanium hydrogenfumaricum (Halidor ® ) 

Antitussivia: Codeinium chloratum and phosphoricum, Dihydrocodeinium hydrogentartaricum (Hydrocodin ® ), Noscapinium 

chloratum, prenoxdiazin (Libexin ® ) 

Expectorants: bromohexin (Paxirazol ® ), guajacol, acetylcystein (Mucosolvin ® ) 

Psychostimulants: Acidum glutamicum, Amphetaminium phosphoricum, Coffeinum 

Anorectics: mazindol (Teronac ® ), methylphenidat (Centedrin ® ) 

Furosemiduum It. 3,4,5 

Hydrochlorothiazidum It. 2,3,4,5 

Phenolphtaleinum It. 2,3, Pt. 4,9 

Methenaminum It. 1,2, Pt. 3,4,5,6,7,8, Qu. 11 

Chlorogenium It. 1,2,3,4,5, Qu. 8 

Diuretics:Theobrominum, Theophyllinum, Coffeinum, Acetazolamidum (Huma-Zolamid ® ), 

Furosemidum, Hydrochlorothiazidum (Hypothiazid ® ), clopamid (Brinaldix ® ), ethacrinic acid (Uregyt ® ) 

Hypolypemica: Acidum nicotinicum, Clofibratum, phenofibrat (Lipanthyl ® ), pyricarbat (Prodectin ® ), lovastatin (Mevacor ® ) 

Anticoagulans: Acenocumarolum (Syncumar ® ) 

Thyreostatica: Levothyroxin, Liothyronin, Thiamazolum (Methothyrin ® ), propilthiouracil (Propycil ® ) 

Laxativa, ulcus therapeutics: Phenolphthaleinum, nicometamid (Bilocid ® ), loperamid (Imodium ® ), methoclopramid (Cerucal 

® ), Diphenoxylatium chloratum, cimetidin (Histodil ® ), ranitidin (Ulceran ® ) 

Apomorphinium chloratum It. 2,3,4, Pt. 8 

Triethanolaminum It. 3,4,5,6, Qu. 9,10 

Hexachlorophenum It. 2,3, Qu. 6 

Acidum asparticum It. 2,3 

Methylcellulosum It. 2,3,4 

Natrium laurylsulfuricum It. 1,2 

Oestradiolum dopropionicum It.5 

Oestronum It. 4 

Progesteronum It. 4 

Dienoestrolum It. 2 

Testosteronum propionicum It. 4 

Metandienonum It. 4,5 

Hydrocortisonum It. 3 

Acidum nicotinicum It. 2,3,4, Pt. 3,5,8, Qu. 16 

Sorbitum It. 3, Qu. 15, Information test

252 

Paraffinum liquidum Pt. 7,9,10,11 


Sex hormones and analoga: Oestronum, Oestradiolum, Aethinyloestradiolum (Mikrofollin ® ) Mestranolum, Dienoestrolum, 

diethylstilboestrol (Syntestrin ® ), clomifen (Clostilbegyt ® ), Testosteronum propionicum, Methyltestosteronum (Andoral ® ), 

Metandienonum (Nerobol ® ), Nandrololum phenylpropionicum (Nerobolil ® ), Progesteronum, Levonorgestrelum, ethynodiol 

diacetate 

Glucocorticoids: Desoxycortonum aceticum, Hydrocortisonum, Prednisolonum, Triamcinolonum acetonidum (Ftorocort ® ), 

flucinolon acetonid (Flucinar ® ), betamethazon (Celstone ® ), dexamethazone (Oradexon ® ), mazipredon (Depersolon ® ) 

Other drugs: cholesterin, Colecalciferolum (Vitamin D 3 ), aldosteron, Spironolactonum (Verospiron ® ), pipecuronium bromide 

(Arduan ® ) 

Thiaminium chloratum It. 1,2,3 

Riboflavinum It. 2,3,4 

Pyridoxinium chloratum It. 1,2,3 

Acidum ascorbicum It. 2,3,4, Qu. 13 

Glucosum anhydricum F. 1, It. 2, Pt. 3,9 

Fructosum It. 2,3,4 

Lactosum It. 2,3, Pt. 4,9,10 

Saccharosum It. 2,3, Pt. 4,13,14 

Natrium edeticum It. 1,2,3, Qu. 8 

Amino acids: Acidum asparticum, Acidum glutamicum, Arginium chloratum, Betainium chloratum 

Peptides 

Vitamins: retinol (Vitamin A 1 ), tocopherol (Vitamin E), Thiaminium chloratum (Vitamin B 1 ), Riboflavinum (Vitamin B 2 ), 

pantothenic acid (Vitamin B 5 ), Pyridoxinium chloratum (Vitamin B 6 ), biotin (Vitamin B 7 ), Cyanocobalaminum (Vitamin B 12 ), 

Nicotinamidum, Acidum ascorbicum (Vitamin C), Rutosidum (Vitamin P) 

Prostaglandins 

Sugars: Fructosum, Glucosum anhydricum, Lactosum, Saccharosum 

Chloropyraminium chloratum It. 1,2 

Phenolum It. 2,3, Pt. 4,5,6 

Thymolum It. 2,3,4, Pt. 5,8 

Resorcinum It. 2,3,4, Pt. 5,8,9, Qu. 12 

Argentum proteinicum It. 1,2, Pt. 3,5,8,9 

Betainium chloratum It. 1,2,3, Qu. 9 

Tolbutamidum It. 3,4 

Antidiabetics: Buforminium chloratum (Adebit ® ), Carbutamidum, Glibenclamidum (Gilemal ® ), Tolbutamidum 

Sweetening agents: Saccharimidum natricum, aspartam (Nutrasweet®) 

Hystaminica and antihystaminica: Histaminium chloratum, Chloropyraminium chloratum (Suprastin ® ), Promethazinium 

chloratum (Pipolphen ® ), klemastin (Tavegyl ® ), dimethinden (Fenistil ® ), cyproheptadin (Peritol ® ), dimenhydrinate (Daedalon ® ) 

Antimycotica: chlotrimazol (Canesten ® ), myconazol, tolnaphtat (Chinofungin ® ) 

Chininium chloratum It. 2,3,4 

Chininium sulfuricum It. 2,3,4,5, Pt. 6,9,10, Qu. 14,16 

Chinidinium sulfuricum It. 2,3,4,5 

Benzalkonium chloratum It. 1,2,3 

Methylrosanilinium chloratum It. 1,2,3,4 

Methyltioninium chloratum It. 1,2,3,4,5 

Viride nitens It. 1,2,3,4 

Acriflavinium chloratum It. 1,2,3,4 

Antimalarial agents: Chininium sulfuricum and chloratum, Chinidinium sulfuricum, Chlorochinium phosphoricum (Delagil ® ), 

Mepacrinium chloratum 

Dyes: Acriflavinium chloratum, Fuchsinum, Methylrosanilinium chloratum, Methylthioninium chloratum, Viride nitens 

Disinfectants: Chlorogenum (Neomagnol ® ), Resorcinum, Thymolum, Tricresolum, Cliochinolum, Hexachlorophenum (Ritosept ® 

), Thiomersalum, Phlogosam ® , Benzalkonium chloratum, Cetylpiridinium chloratum, Methylium parahydroxybenzoicum, 

Phenylhydrargyrum boricum, Acidum benzoicum, Natrium benzoicum 

Anthelminthica: levamisol (Decaris ® ), mebendazol (Vermox ® ), tiabendazol (Mintezol ® )


Sulfadimidinum It. 2,3,4,5, Pt. 6, Qu. according to the Ph.Hg.VI. 

Sulfamethoxazolum It. 4,5,6 

Sulfaguanidinum It. 2,3,4 

Trimethoprimum It. 4,5 

Benzinum Pt. 6,7,9 

Cliochinolum It. 2,3, Pt. 7, Qu. 11 

Argentum aceticum It. 1,2, Pt. 3,5 

Natrium aceticum It. 1,2 

Chemotherapeutical sulphamides: Sulfacetamidum natricum, Sulfadimidinum, Sulfaguanidinum, Sulfamethoxazolum, 

Sulfamethoxypyridazinum 

Chemotherapeutical nitrocompounds: Nitrofurantoinum, Metronidazolum (Klion ® ) 

Other chemotherapeutics: nalidixic acid (Nevigramon ® ), Trimethoprimum 

Antituberculotics: Aethambutolium chloratum (Sural ® ), Aethionamidum, Isoniazidum (Isonicid ® ), Pyrazinamidum, 

Cycloserinium hydrogentartaricum 

Antiviral agents: acyclovir (Zovirax ® ), amantadin (Viregyt-K ® ), zidovudin (Retrovir ® ) 

Glycerinum It. 3,4, Pt. 5,6,9,12,13,14 

Acidum lacticum It. 2, Pt. 3,9,10,11,12,13,14, Qu. 16.1, 16.2 

Acidum tartaricum It. 2,3, Pt. 4,8,11, Qu. 15 

Acidum citricum It. 1, Informative test 

Acidum aceticum dil. It. 2 

Acidum sorbinicum It. 3 

Chloramphenicolum It. 3,4,5 

Benzylpenicillinum procainicum It. 2,3 

Streptomycinium sulfuricum It. 2,3,4 

Tetracyclinium chloratum It. 2,4 

Benzylpenicillinum kalcium and procainicum, Ampicyllinum Trihydricum (Semicillin ® ), Methicillinum natricum, Oxacillinum 

natricum, Phenoxymethylpenicillinum (Vegacillin ® ), penamecillin (Maripen ® ), cephalexin (Pyassan ® ), Chloramphenicolum, 

Tetracyclinium chloratum, Oxytetracyclinum (Tetran ® ), doxicyclin 

Cytostatica: nitrogenmustard, chlorambucil (Leukeran ® ), cyclophosphamid (Cytoxan ® ), Mitobronitolum (Myelobromol ® ), 

busulphan, fluorouracil, methothrexat, mercaptopurin (Leupurin ® ), cisplatin

254 


PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY 

FALL TERM 

LECTURES 

Pharmaceutical technology 1 

Introduction to Pharmaceutical Technology I, General considerations 

Pharmaceutics 

Biopharmaceutics 

Classification of technological operations 

Types of dosage forms 

Quality for pharmaceutical products 

Introduction to Pharmaceutical Technology II 

Preformulation, formulation 

Drug formulation by neural network and factorial design 

Normatives in pharmaceutical technology 

GMP, ISO 

Validation, qualification 

Basics of industrial drug formulation 

Physico-chemical basics of pharmaceutical technology, theory and practice 

Interfacial phenomena 

Surface and interfacial phenomena 

Adsorption 

Adhesion 

Electrokinetic processes 

Rheology in pharmaceutical technology 

Concept of rheology 

Classification of rheological processes 

Rheology of disperse and coherent systems 

Connection between the pharmaceutical technology and the technical chemistry 

Water purifying methods 

Distillation 

Ion exchanging 

Reverse osmosis 

Seawater desalination 

Excipients in pharmaceutical technology 

Classification of excipients 

Dosage forms and excipients 

Liquid dosage forms 

Grouping 

Physicochemical characteristics 

Stability problems 

Biopharmaceutical considerations 

Emusions and suspensions 

Types and stability 

Administration routes 

Excipients 

Liposomes 



Powders 

Particle size, distribution 

mixing 

Extraction of plants 

Methods and equipment 

Types


SPRING TERM 

LECTURES 

Pharmaceutical technology 2 

Aerosols and Inhalasols 



Preparations 

Theory and practice of sterilization 

Theory of sterilization 

Methods 

Control of sterilizing 

Aseptic dosage forms 

Requirements of parenteral preparations 

Clean air technology 

Application routes 

Excipients 

Containers 

Elements of homeostasis 

TestS for pyrogens 

Dosage forms 

Industrial metods 

Microbiological preservation of liquid dosage forms 

Requirements of preservatives 

Efficacy of preservatives 

Preservatives 

Ophthalmic dosage forms 

Eye drops 

Eye cleaning solutions 

Semisolid dosage forms 

Classification of dermatological preparations 

Types of ointment bases 

Production of ointments 

Investigation of ointments 

Choice of oinments, therapeutic and practical considerations 

Gels 

Polymers in pharmaceutical technology 

Hydrogels 

Stimuli responsive hydrogels 

Nasal drug delivery systems 

Basic concepts of administration 

Factors affecting bioavailability 

Dosage forms and excipients 

Rectal and vaginal dosage forms 

Therapeutic considerations 

Dosage forms 

Additives 

Granulation and granules 

Types of granules 

Particle binding mechanisms 

Methods of granulation 

Investigation of granules 

Pressing of solid particles, compressibility and process 

Tablet compression 

Tablet compression machinery 

Compressibility and its measurement 

Tablet making and texture of tablets 

Development of solid dosage forms 

Methods 

Excipients

256 


PRACTICALS 

Characteristics of texture 

Preformulation tests 

Tests of tablets 

Influencing factors on the physical parameters 

Problems during tableting 

Equipment for the tablet making 

Prescription pharmacy 1 

General instruction 

Rules of measuring 

Dispensing of solutions 

„A” measuring of liquids 

„B” measuring of powders 

Writing of prescriptions 

Liquid dosage forms 

Solutio 

Diluendum, aqua aromatica, gargarisma, elixírium, mixtura, sirupus, klysma 

Solubility, right order of dissolving, dilution, calculation 

Solvents, excipients) 

Calculation 

Solutio acriflavini (FoNo VII. 20,0 g) 

Solutio contra rhagades mamillae(FoNo VII. 33,6 g) 

Gargarisma chlorogenii (FoNo VII. 100,0 g) 

Sirupus zinci (FoNo VII. 100,0 g) 

Solutio noraminophenazoni pro parvulo (FoNo VII. 100,0 g 

Mixtura pectoralis (FoNo VII. 100,0 g 

Solutio pepsini (FoNo VII. 100,0 g 

Magistral preparation (50,0g) 

Mixtura solvens (FoNo VII. 100,0 g 

Gutta, Klysma 

Checking the dose 

Otogutta, nasogutta 

Dilutio, trituration 

Gutta methylhomatropini composita (FoNo VII. 10,0 g) 

Otogutta peroxydi (FoNo VII. 10,0 g) 

Klysma chlorali pro infante (FoNo VII. 80,0 g) 

Nasogutta zinci cum ephedrino (FoNo VII. 10,0 g) 

Solutio theophyllini (FoNo VII. 100,0 g) 

Solutio nephrolitica (FoNo VII. 100,0 g)Incompatibility 

AUV preparations 

Oily and alcoholic solutions 

Incomp II (sol. 150,0g) 

Otogutta fungicida (FoNo III Vet) 

Solutio metronidazoli (FoNo VII. 30,0g) 

Spiritus iododalicylatus (FoNo VII. 30,0g) 

Self-made preparation 

Incomp I (gutta 20,0g) 

Oleum pro inhalatione (FoNo VII. 20,0g) 

Gutta antipyretica (FoNo Vet. III. 100,0g) 

Galenic Practice 

Introduction 

Functions of a galenic pharmacy 

Galenic preparations of the Pharmacopoea 

Calculations 

Dosage form investigations of the Pharmacopoea (Ph.Eur., USP, Br.Ph.) 

Quality control, Operation methods, Production sheets


Safety precaution, fire protection, material safety data sheets 

Measurement of mass, balances 

Definitions, types, general rules 

Mechanical balances: 

mass-comparative balances: equal arm balances (Berkel), unequal-arm balances (OWA, Metripond, 

cg quick balance); deformation principles balances (coil, spiral and bent spring); 

Electronical (strain-gauge) balances: advantages, different functions, types (analytical, 

precision and industrial platform balances, moisture analyser balance), adjusting/calibration (inner, 

external). 

Separation methods: 

Distillation: definition, parts, sets of operation/material/heating, laboratory distillator, thermocompression, 

products; 

Ion-exchange/demineralization: theory, synthetic resins, capacity, process, products; 

Reverse osmosis (RO): theory, RO membrane, process, product; 

Centrifugation: definition, factors, alignment, parts, types of rotors (e.g. swing-out 

rotor, angle rotor). 

Desintegration 

Crushing, pulverization: definitions, working principle, efficiency of crushing, crushers (Jaw, gyratory) 

grinders (roller and hammer); 

Process of milling: mills (mortar and pestle, ball, vibratory ball, centrifugal ball, planetary ball, disk, cutting, 

industrial jet and colloid mill), rotary cone sample divider; 

Particle size analysis (PSA) and its application: importance, FDA guide, USP tests, US and UK standard 

sieves, frequency of distribution, cumulated plots, microscopic measurement, laser diffractometer. 

Homogenization 

Mixing: definiton, efficiency, required mixing time, mixing equipments 

Liquid mixing: paddle, anchor and propeller type, high shear homogenizer, circular flow and turbine 

mixer, shakers; 

Mixing of semisolids: planetary mixer, kneaders, dispersers, curved blade impeller; 

Mixing of solids: cylindric, cubic, tumbler, double cone, twin shell and vertical screw mixers. 

Material transfers 

Drying: definitions, purpose, efficiency, industrial microwave drying, vacuum drying, spray drying (nozzle, 

atomizer) and its application; 

Dissolution: solutions, theory, definitions, expressions of concentration, pharmaceutical applications, dosage 

form, dissolution rate, formulation; 

Molecular and colloidal solution (preparation): real solution, stock solution, syrups (medicinal and 

flavouring), mucilages (polymers), elixirs, spirits, mixtures, aromatic waters, tinctures; 

Industrial liquid mixing equipments (e.g. double planetary mixer, high-shear rotor-stator mixer, 

different mixing blades, Powermix and Triple Shaft mixer, disperser), filtering, storage tanks, 

industrial liquid filling. 

Extraction and extracts: definiton, types of process and equipments (maceration, 

turboextraction, vibroextraction, percolation), dosage forms (preparation, requirements, storage): 

extracts, tinctures. 

Preparation of disperse systems 

Emulsifying: emulsions, definitions, types, calculation (work-equation, required HLB), industrial 

manufacturing methods, equipments (mixers, homogenizers, colloid mills, ultrasonic devices), stability; 

Suspending: suspenions, definitions, classification, flocculation, industrial manufacturing methods, 

equipments, kinetics of sedimentation. 

Semisolid dosage forms 

Soaps and soap-containing preparations: definitons, types, preparations (Ph.Hg. and USP); 

Ointments, creams, pastes, hydrogels: definitions, classifications, requirements, types of ointment bases, 

industrial production of semisolid preparations, laboratory (LUX, Erweka, Sabaria) and industrial mixers (e.g. 

counter-rotating paddle agitator), pastes, three-roll apparatus, penetrometric examination; 

Suppositories: definitions, types, types and preparation of suppository bases, laboratory and industrial 

preparation of suppositories (suppository moulding equpiments), types of moulds (metal, plastic), form-fillseal.

258 






1. Inflammation Normal ECG. Review of physiologic ECG leads.Registration of ECG. 

background. 

2. Congenital heart diseases Inflammation ECG leads.Registration of ECG 

3. Pathophysiology of valvular heart 



4. Changes in plasma lipoproteins. 




Congenital heart diseases 







ECG: Atrial and ventricular hypertrophy. 

ECG: atrial and ventricular preexcitation 

(ES) 

6. Hypertension, hypotension Angina pectoris, myocardial 


ECG: angina, myocardial infarction 

7. Syncope, shock Hypertension, hypotension ECG: atrial fibrillation, ventricular 

fibrillation and flattern 


balance I. 


ECG: atrioventricular blocks (A-V) 



balance II. 


diseases I. 


diseases II. 

13. Obstructive pulmonary diseases. 

Hypoxias 


balance I. 


balance II. 


I. 


II. 

ECG: Left and right bundle branch 

(Tawara) block 

ECG: Electrolyte abnormalities and ECG 

Investigation of urine smaples and renal 

function 

Investigation of urine sampels and renal 

function 


Hypoxias 



15. Disturbances of acid-base 

metabolism. Metabolic acidosis 


Restrictive pulmonary diseases. 

Respiratory acidosis, alkalosis 

ECG: repetition, summary and review


2nd smester (15 weeks) 




2. Pathophysiology of white blood 

cell disorders 

Immunology 

3. Anemias and other red blood cell 

diseases 




disorders 


diseases 

5. Gastroenterology (upper GI tract) Thrombocyte dysfunction. 








6. Gastroenterológia (colon and 

pancreas) 

Gastroenterology (upper GI tract) 

7. Pathophysiology of liver diseases Gastroenterológia (colon and 

pancreas) 




11. Disturbances of carbohydrate 


Starvation and obesity 





15. Summary of Pathophysiology Pathophysiology of the CNS. ECG: review

260 


Immunology 


WEEK 

LECTURE 

( 2 hrs/week) 

1. 

Basic principles of immunology. Constituents of the immune system. 

Primary and secondary immune organs. Antigens. 

2. Ontogeny of B-cells. Antigen recognition by and activation of B cells. 

3. 

Ontogeny of T-cells. Antigen recognition by T cells. Classification of T 

cells. 

4. Major features of innate immunity. Phagocytosis. Complement system. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

Humoral immune response. Structure of immunoglobulins, heterogeneity 

and genetics. 

The histocompatibility complex (MHC). Structure of the molecules and 

functional heterogeneity. Genetic organization. Antigen presentation by 

MHC. 

Major elements of immune regulation. Signal transduction systems. 

Adhesion molecules. Cytokines. 


9. 

Mechanisms of immunotolerance. Immunology of transplantation. 

Autoimmunity. 

10. 

Immunization against microbes. 

Vaccination 

11. Immunopathology. Hypersensitivity reaction. Immunodeficiencies. 

12. Manufacture of immunological products and their quality control. 

13. Immune response to infectious agents. 

14. Immunological methods. 

15. Consultation


Microbiology 


WEEK LECTURE 

PRACTICE 


1. Introduction to microbiology 

Introduction, laboratory safety. Wet-mount 

Classification and characterization of bacteria 

preparation. Preparation of bacterial 

Bacterial structure, 

smear. Simple staining. 

growth and nutrition 

of bacteria 

2. Principles and practice of sterilization and disinfection. 

Factory hygiene and good manufacturing practice. 

Microbiological requirements and purity classes of 

pharmaceutical products. 

Combined staining. Practice of sterilization. 

Sterility testing. Disinfection. 

3. Pharmaceutical products of microbial origin. 

Microorganisms in pharmaceutical industry. 

Microbial genetics. 

4. Antibiotics and antimicrobial agents. Mechanisms of 

action of antibiotics. 

Bacterial 

resistance to antibiotics. Antibiotic policy . Industrial 

production of antibiotics. 

5. Production of pharmaceuticals by recombinant DNA 

technology 

Pathogen-host interactions 

Pathogenesis of bacterial infection 

6. Streptococcus, Neisseria, 

Enterococcus, 

Staphylococcus 

7. Gram positive anaerob rods 

(Clostridium) and 

B. anthracis 

Gram positive aerob rods 

(Corynebacterium, Listeria,) 

Spirochaeta, Mycobacterium. 

Culture media. Inoculation and plating bacterial 

culture. Haemoculture, anaerobic cultivation. 

Colony morphology. Biochemical tests. 

Test of bacterial resistance to antibiotics. 

Enumeration of bacteria. 

Sterility and pyrogenicity testing of 

pharmaceutical products 

MTO 


9. Gram negative rods I. 

Bacteria related to respiratory tract 

(Haemophilus, Bordetella, Legionella). 

Pathogens of zoonoses (Yersinia, Francisella). 

Gram negative rods II. 

Enteric and extraintestinal pathogens. 

10. General properties and structure of viruses. 

Reproduction of viruses. 

Viral pathogenesis, chemotherapy of viral infections. 

Obligate intracellular bacteria 

(Chlamydia, Coxiella bunettii, 

R. slovaca, R. prowazekii). 

11. DNA viruses I. 

Herpesviruses, human papillomaviruses. 

DNA viruses II. 

Human papovavirus B19, variola and vaccinia virus, 

adenoviruses. 

12. Hepatitis viruses. RNA viruses I. 

Influenzaviruses, measles-, mumps-, rubeola viruses. 

13. RNA viruses II.Retroviridae, AIDS.RNA viruses 

IIIPoliovirus, coxsackie viruses. Rabiesvirus. 

14. Fungi of medical importance. RNA viruses IV. 

Gastroenteritis causing viruses (rota-, calici-, 

astroviruses). Slow viruses. 

15. Important human pathogenic helminths. 

Important human pathogenic protozoa. 

Serological tests I.: 

Precipitation, agglutination. 

Serological tests II.: 

CFT; IF; RIA, etc. Cell mediated 

reactions.Serobacteriological products. Vaccines. 

Summary of the most important human 

pathogenic bacteria I. 

Summary of the most important human 

pathogenic bacteria II. 

Propagation and assay of viruses.Serological 

methods in virology. 

Important human pathogenic fungi. 

Important human pathogenic protozoa and 

helmints.

262 


BIOPHARMACEUTICS 

LECTURES 

Basic principles 

Specific features of drug action. Basic conditions in the interaction between the living organism and the active substances. 

Mechanisms and time course of drug elimination 

Excretion of drugs by kidney, liver, lung and other mechanisms (sweat, saliva, milk). Biotransformation of substances. Drug 

sensitivity of newborns and aged persons. Genetic factors in biotransformation. Pharmacogenetics and drug allergy. Storage 

of drugs in the body. 

The kinetics of drug elimination. Zero order elimination: the kinetics of alcohol consumption and elimination. First order 

elimination: elimination half-life, elimination rate constant and determination of them. The clearance value: total, renal and 

hepatic clearance. Cumulative urinary excretion. 

Mean residence time: principle and calculation. Graphical representation. 

Drug administration 

Extravascular administration. First order absorption, absorption rate constant, absorption half-life. Oral administration of 

drugs: absorption from various parts of GI tract. Presystemic metabolism. First pass effect and its kinetic consequences. 

Absorption from lungs and different mucous surfaces (nasal, buccal, vaginal). 

Intravascular drug administration. Zero order absorption and first order elimination: pharmacokinetics of drug infusion. 

Plateau principle. Time course of plateau. Drug concentration elicited by drug infusion. Loading dose and maintenance dose. 

Kinetics of drug cumulation. 

Distribution of drugs 

Kinetics of drug distribution. Special forms of distribution: penetration into the cerebrospinal fluid, milk and liver. Penetration 

through the placenta: teratogenetic and foetopathic effect of drugs. Consequences of drug binding to plasma proteins. 

Pharmacokinetical model systems 

Single dose administration. Description of one compartment open model. Time course of drug concentration after 

intravascular and extravascular drug administration. Linear and non-linear pharmacokinetics. Two compartment open model. 

Time course of drug concentration after intravascular and extravascular drug administration. The shape of blood level 

curves.The AUC value and the methods for calculation of it. 

Principles of multiple dose administration. Elimination, maintenance and cumulation factor. 

Multicompartmental models. Model dependent and model independent methods for calculation of kinetic parameters. 

Applied biopharmaceutics 

General concept and determination of bioavailability. Calculation of absolute and relative bioavailability. Biological and 

technological factors influencing the bioavailability. Dissolution constant and its influence on the shape of blood level curve. 

Pharmaceutical, biological and therapeutical equivalence of drug preparations. 

Clinical pharmacokinetics and biopharmaceutics 

Basic principles and practical conditions in drug monitoring; therapeutical consequences as the basis of clinical 

biopharmaceutics. 

Special pharmacokinetics of some drugs: cardioactive substances, antibiotics, anticoagulants, theophylline, amphetamine, 

cyclosporine, methotrexate. 

PRACTICALS 

Distribution and elimination of the drugs 

Blood level curve of penicillin after i.v. administration. 

Monitoring of drug level by computer program. 

Absorption of the drugs 

Oral administration of ampicillin. One-compartment kinetic model. 

Two-compartment models 

Pharmacokinetics of theophyllin. 

Kinetics of intravenous infusion 

Steady-state lidocaine level by constant infusion. 

Bioavailability 

Calculation of AUC value. Physiological availability of oxprenolol. 

Repeated drug administration 

Therapeutic blood level of carbamazepine. Multiple dosage regimens: loading dose and maintenance dose. 

Dosage correction in renal impairment 

Pharmacokinetic parameters for gentamicin. 

Importance of peak and trough concentration of the drug. 

Dosage schedule for children and elderly subjects 

Calculation of adequate doses for digoxin therapy. 

Dosage correction in hepatic dysfunction 

Repeated administration of paracetamol. 

Increasing doses and limited elimination. 

Pharmacokinetics of capacity-limited metabolism 

Calculation of phenytoin dose by use of Michaelis-Menten equation.


SYLLABUSES FOR 4TH YEAR PHARMACY STUDENTS 

PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS AND DRUG CONTROL 

LECTURES 

Instrumental analytical methods are applied for characterization of starting materials and final products, and also for the control 

of pharmaceuticals and their decomposition products according to pharmacopoeias, together with the metabolites of 

pharmaceuticals. 

• Electrometric methods: voltametry, polarography, amperometry, potentiometry, conductometry and oscillometry. 

• Spectrophotometry, spectrophotometers, atomic and molecularspectra, UV and visible absorption spectrophotometry, 

chemical structure and qualitative and quantitative determination of pharmaceuticals by spectrophotometry. 

Spectrofluorometry and IR spectrophotometry. Structure determination and application of IR spectra for qualitative and 

quantitative purposes. Emission and atomicabsorption spectrophotometry and flame photometry. 

• Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). 

• Mass spectrometry (MS) and combinations of gas chromatography and high-pressure liquid chromatography with MS. Field 

ionization and chemical ionization mass spectrometry. 

• Thermoanalytical methods (TG DTG. DTA, DSC). 

• Optical rotation (ORD, CD), refraction and molecular refraction. 

• X-ray diffraction (XRD), XRD analysis of solid pharmaceuticals and determination of particle size. 

• Fundamentals of nuclear pharmacy. Radionuclide generators (liquid and solid column). Dosage forms of 

radiopharmaceuticals. Radioimmunoassay (RIA). 

Physical methods: density, solubility, viscosity, surface tension, melting range, eutectic temperature, dropping point, congealing 

point, boiling range, sublimation, flame coloration, residues of drying and ignition, loss on drying, acid- insoluble ash, etc. 

Chromatographic methods: adsorption column, partition column, paperchromatography, thin-layer chromatography (TLC), gas 

chromatography (GC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), ion-exchange chromatography, molecular sieves, gel 

permeation (filtration), zone electrophoresis and counter-current distribution. 

Chemical purity and its control. The origin of impurities. Manufacturing product licensing standards. Pharmacopoeial standards. 

Identity, purity and assays of pharmaceuticals according to pharmacopoeias. 

Methods of drug registration, preclinical requirements, clinical trials (phases I-III), quality control during manufacturing (GMP) 

and quality control in post-marketing phase. 

Quality control and separation of formulated pharmaceuticals. Separation of active ingredient/s from the base and separation of 

active components into fractions. Separation of formulated pharmaceuticals according to Stass-Otto. Identification of separated 

components. General tests: sensory, heating test, solubility and acidity/alkalinity. Chemical examination: tests for elements 

(sulphur, halogen, nitrogen, etc.). Assay of halogens and sulphur according to Carius and Schoeniger. Analysis of pharmaceuticals 

on the basis of functional groups. Hydrocarbons (saturated, unsaturated and aromatic). Qualitative and quantitative 

determination of halogenated hydrocarbons. Compound with one or more hydroxy groups (alcohols and phenols). Ethers, 

aldehydes and ketones. Reactions of amines and alkaloids, their determination in galenicals and formulated dosage forms. 

Carboxylic acids and their derivatives. Their determination in galenical preparations and in vegetable drugs. Urea derivatives 

(ureides) and sulphonamides and their reactions. Amino acids and peptides, their synthesis and reactions. Quality control of 

peptide derivatives. 

Biological drug control. Sterility and microbiological requirements of starting substances and formulated products. Pyrogen test 

and the most important biological tests. 

Organization of drug control. Quality control during manufacturing (GMP), quality control in drug distribution enterprises and 

regional drug control laboratories and in pharmacies. Direct drug control by the National Institute of Pharmacy (NIP) through 

surveillance and monitoring. 

PRACTICALS 

Pulvis neutracisus (FoNo) (a multicomponent divided powder) 

Identity tests: frangula bark, sodium, carbonate, bismuth, magnesium. 

Assay: bismuth, magnesium. 

Pilula somniferens (FoNo) 

Identity tests: hexobarbital, phenobarbital, lactose. 

Assay: hexobarbital phenobarbital. 

Spiritus iodosalicylatus (FoNo) 

Identity tests: iodine, potassium, ethanol, iodide, salicylic acid. 

Assay: iodine and salicylic acid 

Pulvis antidoloricus (FoNo) 

Identity tests: ethylmorphine, caffeine, phenacetin, acetylsalicylic acid.

264 


Assay: ethylmorphine, acetylsalicylic acid. 

Unguentum hydrargyri amidochlorati (FoNo) 

Identity tests: mercury(II) and ammonia, chloride, sorboxethene. 

Assay: marcury(II)amidochloride 

Suppositorium aminophenazoni (FoNo) 

Identity tests: aminophenazone 

Assay: aminophenazone 

Suppositorium antiemeticum (FoNo) 

Identity tests: lidocaine, atropine, caffeine. 

Assay: lidocaine, caffeine. 

Injectio algopyrini 50% 

Identity tests: noraminophenazone sodium mesilate 

Assay: noraminophanazonum natrium mesilicum 

Solution theobromoiodati (FoNo) 

Identity tests: theobromine, sodium, potassium, iodide, salicylic acid. 

Assay: theobromine, iodide. 

The constituents of the following dosage forms are identified by thin layer chromatography (TLC): 

Pulvis asthmalyticus fortis (FoNo) 

Pulvis asthmalyticus fortis cum atropino in tablettis (FoNo) 

Antineuralgica tablet 

Barbamid tablet 

Nasogutta ephedrini (FoNo) 

Identity tests: ephedrine 

Assay: ephedrine 

Chromatographic methods prescribed in the Pharmacopoeia VII. 

Sparsorium sulfaboricum (FoNo) 

Identity tests: sulphadimidine, boric acid. 

Assay: sulphadimidine. 

Measurement of physical data prescribed in pharmacopoeias (melting, boiling range, optical rotation, specific rotation, refraction, 

etc.) 

Identification of 20 pharmaceutical substances on the basis of pharmacopoeial tests. 

Methods of instrumental analysis. 

SEMINARS 

Acidi- alkalimetry, direct titrations of strong acids and bases and weak acids and bases, back titrations, determination of 

organically combined nitrogen. Related with these all of the methods of pharmacopoeias and the prescriptions of the National 

Institute of Pharmacy (NIP) should be interpreted. 

Titrations in non-aqueous solvents: titration of alkali metal salts of organic acids and the titration of halogen acid salts of organic 

bases (alkaloids). 

Oxidation reduction titrations with potassium permanganate, iodine, potassium iodadate, potassium bromate, cerium(IV) sulphate 

solutions. Karl-Fischer titrations (aquametry). 

Argentometric titrations. 

Complexometric methods: direct and back titrations. Gravimetric methods in Ph. Hg. VII. 

Separation of complex mixtures of pharmaceuticals on the basis of chemical characters (weak acids, bases, amphoteric and 

neutral) of the components.


PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY 

FALL TERM 

LECTURES 

Pharmaceutical Technology III. 

General instruction 

Coating process of solid dosage forms 

Requirements of coating process 

Sugarcoating, filmcoating, melted coating 

Instrumentation of coating process 

Capsules 

Categories of capsules 

Soft and hard gelatin capsules 

Capsule filling 

Tests for capsules 

Soaps, patches, preparations for veterinary use 

Application of soaps 

Process of preparation 

Medicated plasters 

FoNo VET and preparations 

Homeopathy 

Preparation of mather tincture 

Preparation of potencies 

Dosage forms 

Drying 

Classification of methods 

Convective and radiation drying 

Driers 

Freeze drying 

Crystallization processes 

Operations and methods 

Crystallization from melt 

Spherical crystallization 

Packaging, packaging materials 

Requirements 

Safety 

Modification of biological activity 

Interactions in pharmaceutical technology 

Interaction and incompatibility 

Causes and types 

directions and guidelines 

Stability of drugs and dosage forms 

Stability 

ICH and structure of ICH 

Shelf life, reaction kinetics 

Automatization, instrumentation and monitoring of technological processes 

Product manufacturing process 

On – line monitoring 

Process development and optimization 

PRACTICALS 


General information 

Fire safety 

Solutions, repetition)

266 


Ph.Hg.VIII, FoNo VII.) 

Calculations 

decoctum, infusum 

Collodium cum acido salicylico Fo No VII. dos. I (10,0 g) 

Gutta analeptica FoNo VI. dos. ½ (10,0 g). 

Otogutta chloramphenicoli FoNo Vet III. dos I (10,0 g) 

Suspensions 

Emulsions 

Units, Latin number 

Solution against perspiration (Husz-Regdon) (50,0 g) 

Solutio gingivalis FoNo VII. dos. I (30,15 g) 

Nasogutta containing protargol Manuale Pharmaceuticum dos. ½ (16,8 g) 

Decoctum saponariae FoNo VII. dos. ½ (100,0 g) 

Self-made preparations 

Checking the dose 

Infusum sennae cum magnesio sulfurico (100,0 g) 

Suspensio bismuthi subsalicylici pro infante FoNo VI. dos. I. (100,0 g) 

Suspensio expectorans FoNo VII. dos ½ (100,0 g) 

Emulsio olei jecoris FoNo VII. dos. ½ (100,0 g) 

Linimentum scabicidum FoNo VII. dos. ½ (50,0 g) 

Linimentum sulfadimidini FoNo Vet. II. dos. I. (50,0 g) 

Suspensio anaesthetica FoNo VII. dos. I (100,0 g) ½ cs 

Suspensio salicylamidi 2% cum sorbito FoNo VI. dos. I (100,0 g) 

Suspensio zinci aquosa FoNo VII. dos. I (≈100,0 g) 

Zinkoxidshüttelmixtur NRF 2001 dos. I (100,0 g) 

Zinkoxyd-Schüttelpinselung NFA dos. I (100,0 g) 

Linimentum calcis FoNo VI. dos. ½ (50,0 g) 

Linimentum ammoniatum FoNo VII. dos. ½ (50,0 g) 

Incomp. III. (solution or suspension) (100,0 g) 

Gargarisma antisepticum Fo No VII. dos. ½ (50,0 g) 

Powders 

Divided and undivided powders 

Dusting powders 

Capsula operculata 

Incompatibility 

Tea mixtures 

Emulsions, suspensions 

Powder dividing by eyes, checking with measurement 

Powder dividing by Hunfalvyl, checking with measurement 

Capsula operculata calibration 

Pills 

Calculation, writing of prescription 

Infusum sennae cum magnesio sulfurico (100,0 g) 

Pulvis coffeini 50 mg FoNo VII. dos. 1/3 (No. X) 

Pilula coffeini 50 mg FoNo VII. dos. I (No. XXX) 

Sparsorium antisudoricum FoNo VII. dos. ½ (34,2 g) 

Pulvis calcii lactophosphorici FoNo VII. dos ½ (25,0 g) 

Suppository 

Preparing of suppository with moulding and hand-made method 

Calibration of moulding forms 

Suppository containing Bismuthum subgallicum (No. X) 

Hard gelatine capsules containing Ascorbic acid (No. XX) 

Pulvis bismuthi tannici FoNo VII. dos. ½ (No. X) 

Suppositorium analgeticum forte FoNo VII. dos. ½ (No. III) 

Suppositorium antipyreticum pro infante FoNo. VII. dos. I (No. VI) 

Suppositorium paracetamoli 60 mg FoNo VII. dos. I (No. X) 

Vaginal dosage forms 

Stifts 

Powders 

Calculation for moulding and hand-made method 

Sal ad rehydrationem cum natrio hydrogencarbonico pro parvulo FoNo VII. dos. I. (30,8 g)


Oralytpulver 60 SR 2001 dos. I (28,0 g) 

Oral Rehydration Salts BP 1998 dos. I (27,9 g) 

Emulsio paraffini cum phenolphthaleino FoNo VII. dos. ½ (100,0 g) 

Globulus containing Zincum sulfuricum (No. IV) 

Suppositorium laxans FoNo. VII. dos. I (No. X) 

Pilula tonisans FoNo VI. dos. ½ (No. XXV) 

Ovulum metronidazoli FoNo VII. dos. I (No. X) 

Suppositorium ad nodum FoNo. VII. dos. I (No. X) 

Suppository containing Benzocainum Manuale Pharmaceuticum dos. 1/10 (No. X) 

Inkomp. VI. dusting powder (50,0 g) 

Eoszacharum containing barbitalum (No. X) 

Suppository 

Calculation of prescription components 

Globulus metronidazoli compositus FoNo VII. dos. I. (No. X) ½ g.globulus 

Suppositorium expectorans FoNo VI. dos. I. (No. VI) . 

Suppository for children Manuale Pharmaceuticum dos. I (No. X) 

Effervescent powder for x-ray (Manuale Pharmaceuticum dos. I (16,6 g) 

SELF-MADE PREPARATIONS 

Preparation of sterile and aseptic dosage forms 

Aseptic preparation 

Eye-drops 

Solutions for eye-drops 

Solutio ophthalmica 

cum benzalkonio 

Solvens pro oculoguttis 

cum benzalkonio 

cum thiomersalo 

Solvens viscosa pro oculoguttis 

cum thiomersalo 

cum cetrimido 

Hydrogelum carbomerae pro oculoguttis 

FoNo preparations 

Oculogutta antidota 

Oculogutta atropini 

Oculogutta carbomerae 

Oculogutta chloramphenicoli 

Oculogutta erythromycini 

Oculogutta gentamicini 

Oculogutta homatropini 

Oculogutta indosoli 

Oculogutta naphazolini 

Oculogutta neomycini 

Oculogutta neonatorum 

Oculogutta pilocarpini 

Oculogutta polymyxini 

Oculogutta rifampicini 

Oculogutta scopolamini 

Oculgutta tetracaini 

Oculogutta viscosa 

Oculogutta zinci 

Eye ointments 

Bases of eye ointments 

Oculentum simplex 

Oculentum hydrosum 

Oculentum basis 

FoNo preparations 

Oculentum dionini 

Oculentum erythromycini 

Oculentum neomycini 

Oculentum neomycini cum prednisolono

268 


Aerosols, inhalasols 

Concentration of infusion solutions, isotonic calculations 

Sterilization 

Pyrogens, pyrogen removal methods 

Filtration 

Large volume parenteral preparations 

Infusions with electrolyte 

Infusio natrii chlorati 

Infusio salina 

Infusions with sugars 

Infusio glucosi 

Infusio manniti 

Infusio sorbiti 

Infusions with electrolyte and sugars 

Infusio glucosi cum kalio 

Infusio glucosi salina 

Investigation of large volume parenteral preparations 

Supplementary infusions 

Stock solution 

Natrium lacticum solutum 20% pro infusione 

Infusions for correction of acidosis 

Infusio natrii lactici 

Infusio natrii hydrogencarbonici 

Infusions for correction of alkalosis 

Infusio gastrica 

Dialysis 

Peritoneal dialysis solutions 

Solutio pro dialysi peritoniale I. 

Solutio pro dialysi peritoniale II. 

Perfusion solutions 

Plasma substitute infusions 

Infusio dextrani 

Parenteral nutrition 

Preparation of parenteral nutrition infusion 

Magistral parenteral nutrition infusion 

Injections 

Injectio natrii chlorati 

Injectio glucosi 

Injectio papaverinii chlorati 

Injectio coffeini natrii benzoici 

Investigation of injections 

Non-heat sterilizable injections 

Injectio urea 

Injectio aethylmorphinii chlorati 

Multidosage injections 

Injectio procainii chlorati 

Injectio atropinii sulfurici 

Powder ampoules 

Kalium chloratum sterilizatum 

Injectio trometamoli cryosiccata 

Liofilization 

Emulsion and suspension type injections 

Visit in the Central Pharmacy


SPRING TERM 

LECTURES 

Pharmaceutical Technology IV. 

Pharmaceutical technology and biopharmaceutics 

LADMER 

Biopharmaceutical considerations in drug product design 

Bioavailability 

Biopharmaceutical Classification System 

Effect of the physico-chemical properties of the drugs and the type of dosage forms on the biological response 

Physico-chemical profiling of the drug 

Solubility, lipophylicity, ionization (pKa), log P 

Permeability 

Absorption in the GI tract 

Absorption in the mouth 

Absorption in the gastric tract 

Absorption in the intestinal tract 

Colon therapy 

Rectal therapy 

Traditional and modified drug release preparations 

Parenteral application and pharmaceutical parameters 

Pharmacokinetics models 

Clearance 

Factors effecting drug absorption by injection 

Inhalasols 

Lung and its biopharmaceutical aspects 

Dosage forms and their special requiremets 

Lung delivery systems 

Dermal and transdermal drug delivery systems 

Skin parameters 

Permeation enhancers 

Ointment bases and application 

Patches and their mechanism 

Biopharmaceutical aspects of 

dental, 

vaginal 

ophthalmic 

otic and 

nasal preparations 

Rectal drug delivery systems 

Rectal dosage forms 

Formulation factors 

Drug absoption modifiers 

Pediatric dosing and dosage forms 

Pediatric pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 

Excipients 


Therapeutic systems I 

Solid systems 

Biodegradabile polymers 

Therapeutic systems II 

Semisolid systems 

TTS 

Lyotropic liquid crystals 

Micro- and multiple emulsions 

Microsferes, liposomes 

In vitro dissolution test methods 

Ex vivo and in vivo methods 

Characterisation of dissolution profiles

270 


Comparision of dissolution profiles IVIVC 

Biopharmaceutical aspects of original and generic preparations 

PRACTICALS 


General rules 

Repetition of liquid dosage forms 

Suspensio bismogeli (FoNo VII., 100 g) 

Sirupus kalii chlorati (FoNo VII., 100 g) 

Repetation of solid dosage forms 

Sparsorium antimycoticum (FoNo VII., 50 g 

Suppositorium noraminophenazoni 500 mg (FoNo VII., N° VI.) 

Ointments, Creams, Pastes, Hydrogels 

Globulus glycerini boraxati (FoNo VII., N° X.) 

Ung. salicylatum 1% (FoNo VII., 30,0 g) 

Ung. boraxatum (FoNo VII., 50,0 g) 

Hydrogelum antisudoricum (FoNo VII., 25,0 g 

Ung. nystatini (FoNo VII., 50,0 g 

Ung. carbamidi (FoNo VII., 25,0 g 

Ung. dithranoli 0,1% 

Incompatibilities 

Inkomp. IV. – ointment 30,0 g) 

Ung. camphoratum ad pernionem (FoNo VII., 30,0 g) 

Ung. lidocaini ad rhagades (FoNo VII., 20,0 g) 

Pasta antirheumatica (FoNo VII., 175,0 g [1/2 dózis]) 

Ung. antisepticum (FoNo VII., 30,0 g) 

Ung. contra panaritium (FoNo Vet. III., 50,0 g) 

Ung. nasale (FoNo VII., 10,0 g) 

Detergens sulfuratum (FoNo VII., 100,0 g) 

Zincum gelatinosum 50,0 g (FoNo VI. elıirata) 

Lanstein paszta Manuale Pharmaceuticum 100,0 g 

Hydrophile Metronidazol-Creme 2% Standardisierte Rezepturen 2001 (NRF/SR) 100,0 g 

Anionische Nystatin-Creme 100,0 g 

Homeopathy 

Aromatherapy 

SELF-MADE PREPARATIONS 

Formulation and preparation of solid dosage forms 

Cycle 1 

Powder rheological investigation and qualification of raw materials with ASTM 

apparatus (effective and auxiliary materials). 

Powder rheological investigation and qualification of raw materials with PTG-1 

equipment (effective and auxiliary materials). 

Particle size investigation of raw materials with a vibration sieve analysis 

method. 

Moisture content investigation of raw materials. 

Compactibility investigation of materials. 

Investigation of water absorbing capacity of raw materials and powder mixtures. 

Preparing granules with high shear mixer (solvent granulation with Pro-c-epT 

equipment). 

Preparing granules (binder granulation with LuxRoyal equipment). 

Preparing granules with centrifugal granulator (binder granulation with Freund 

CF-360 equipment). 

Preparing granules with fluid granulator (binder granulation with Strea-1 

equipment). 

Capsule filling and blistering. Mass control of filled capsules.


Cycle 2 

Compressibility investigation of different materials with the use of different 

compression forces. Recording and analysing differen pressure curves. 

Geometrical investigation of tablets prepared by different compression forces. 

Physical investigation of different tablets (breaking hardness, friability, 

etc.). 

Tablet preparation by direct compressing without auxiliary materials with the 

use of eccentric tablet machine. 

Tablet preparation by direct compression with auxiliary materials with the use 

of eccentric tablet machine. 

Tablet preparation with rotary tablet machine. 

Preparing and mechanical investigation of tablets with effective materials 

compressed with different compression forces. 

Water absorbing capacity of different tablets. 

Dissolution and solution test of different tablets. 

Sartorius resorption test. 

Cycle 3 

Investigation of film forming temperature with different film forming polymer 

compositions. 

Film coating of granules in centrifugal granulator. 

Film coating of granules in fluid granulator with the use of Wurster-column. 

Film coating of tablets. 

Sugar coating of tablets in drageé pan. 

Dissolution test of enteric coated tablets. 

Investigation of diffusion. 

Designing, preparing and investigating of new tablet composition. 

Investigation of dosage forms 

Investigation of suspensions: 

• distributional stability investigations of flocculated and non-flocculated suspensions 

• deteremination of the type of sedimentation and the half life time 

• investigation of the effect of different additives on the sedimentation process. 

Investigation of air humidity on the geometrical parameters of tablets: 

• determination the influence of 100% relative air humidity on the weight and geometrical parameters of 

phenylbutazone tablets. 

Investigation of polymer films: 

• determination of solving time of gelatin films with different thickness in artificial gastric and intestinal juice. 

Investigation of hydrophyl sols’viscosity changing: 

• study the viscosity changing by electrolites of the Mucilago methylcellulosi and Mucilago 

hydroxyaethylcellulosi. 

Investigation of ointments I: 

• Characterization of water-free ointment bases with the help of physical investigations. 

Investigation of ointments II: 

• Determination of washability and rheological features of ointments. 

Investigation of ointments III: 

• Consistency characterisation of the ointments by determinating viscosity, spreadability and adhesion. 

Determination of average molecular weight of dextrane: 

• Determination of average molecular weight of dextrane with measuring density and viscosity. 

Water-absorption of polymers: 

• Investigation of the water-absorption process by means of Enslin-apparatus. 

Light permeability determination of glass containers: 

• Investigation of transmittancy of glass containers with different colours in a given wave lenght range. 

Investigation of drug release by means of the agar diffusion plate method: 

• Investigation of drug release from different ointments. 

Determination of drop weight: 

• Investigation of the effect of different additives on the drop-weight and surface tension.

272 


PHARMACODYNAMICS-TOXICOLOGY 

LECTURES 

Basic pharmacology 

Basic principles 

Drug tolerance and dependence 

Routes of drug administration and absorption 

Distribution of drugs in the body 

Elimination of drugs 

Drug interactions 

Clinical pharmacology 

Special pharmacology 

Drugs acting on the CNS 

Drugs acting on the periferal nervous system 

Drugs influencing the striated muscle and the smooth muscle function 

Pharmacology of cardiovascular drugs 

Drugs acting on the blood function 

Drugs influencing the respiratory and airways function 

Drugs affecting renal function and electrolyte metabolism 

Drugs influencing the gastrointestinal function 

Vitamins and hormones 

Pharmacology of the reproductive system 

Pharmacology of inflammation 

Drugs affecting microbal and neoplastic diseases 

Dermatologic pharmacology 

Toxicology 

Acute and chronic poisoning 

Symptoms of intoxication 

Prevention and treatment of poisoning 

Heavy metal and non-metallic intoxications, pesticides, solvents, vapors and air pollutants 

PRACTICALS 

Administration of drugs to experimental animals. Demonstration of the local and systemic effect. Enternal and parenteral route of 

administration. 

Dose-response relationship of drugs. Indication of microsomal enzymes by phenobarbital. Statistical evaluation of experimental 

data. Drug interactions, competitive antagonism. Experiments in isolated guinea pig ileum. Dose-response relations. General 

anaesthesia. Demonstration of anaesthesia induced by ethylether. Intravenous anaesthetics. Narcotic analgesics. Methods for 

demonstration of analgesic activity. Evaluation of analgesic potency. 

Neuroleptics and tranquillizing drugs. Evaluation of behavioral effects of drugs in mice and rats (locomotor activity, jumping test, 

motor coordination). 

Convulsants and analeptic drugs. Effects of strychnine and pentylenetetrazol. Anticonvulsant drugs. Reversal of respiratory 

depression. 

Investigation of local anaesthetics on frog skin and rabbit cornea. In vitro demonstration of nerve block anaesthesia. 

Agents acting on the autonomic nervous system. Effects on isolated frog heart, the pupil of rabbit and the salivary secretion of 

rat. 

Agents acting on the autonomic nervous system. Demonstration of drug effects on isolated ganglia and nictitating membrane of 

cat. 

Agents acting on the automic nervous system. Effects on cholinergic and adrenergic drugs on the blood pressure of anaesthetized 

animals. 

Agents affecting the smooth muscle function. Demonstration of the action of drugs on isolated ileum. 

Drugs affecting the striated muscles. Muscle relaxant effect of tubocurarine and succinylcholine. 

Effect of cardiotonics on isolated frog heart. Demonstration of cardiac action with the help of ECG. 

Vasoconstrictor and vasodilator effect of drugs. Laewen-Trendelenburg experiments. 

Diuretic effect of drugs in rats and in anaethetized rabbit. 

Drugs acting on blood coagulation. Evaluation of prothrombin activity. Anticoagulant activity of heparin and acenocoumarol. 

Choleretic and laxative drugs. Biliary excretion of BSP. Investigation of laxative effect. 

Pharmacological effects of histamine and antihistamines. Effect of drugs on permeability of capillaries in rat. 

Investigation of antiphlogistics. Demonstration of drug effect in rat-paw edema, exudative pleuritis and cotton-granuloma tests. 

Toxicological invesitgations. Benefit of activated charcoal. Demonstration of leucopenia produced by cytotoxic agent. 

Determination of cholinesterase activity after intoxication with organophosphate substances.


Public Health 


WEEK 

LECTURE 

(2 hrs/week) 

1. 

The scope and goals of Public Health. The 

concept of health and diseases. Effects of 

natural and social environments on human 

health 

2. 

Epidemiology of communicable diseases. 

General aspects. Vaccination, sterilization and 

DDD 

3. Epidemiology of aerogenic diseases 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

Epidemiology of enteric diseases, 

toxicoinfections 

Epidemiology of cutaneous and sexually 

transmitted diseases 

Epidemiology of haematogenic diseases and 

zoonoses 

Prion diseases. Prevention of nosocomial 

diseases 

Structure and operation of the health care 

systems; the health services in different 

8. countries 


10. Basic knowledge of demography 

Basic knowledge of epidemiology. The uses of 

11. most important epidemiologic methods 

Epidemiology of cardiovascular and 

12. cerebrovascular diseases 

13. Epidemiology of tumours 

14. 

Epidemiology of other chronic diseases 

(pulmonary, gastrointestinal diseases, 

osteoporosis). 

15. Epidemiology of accidents and suicides

274 


Public Health 

2nd smester (15 weeks) 

WEEK 

LECTURE 

(2 hrs/week) 

1. 

Epidemiology of smoking, alcohol and drug 

consumption 

Basics of nutritional hygiene. Diseases 

caused by deficiency in proteins, 

carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins and 

minerals. Toxic substances in foodstuffs - 

natural and man-made. Prevention of 

2. nutrition related diseases 

Influencing the health status of high risk 

3. populations (mother, infant, youth. elderly) 

Environmental hygiene: the ecological and 

4. health effects of air pollution 


health effects of water pollution, sewage 

5. disposal 


health effects of soil pollution and waste 

6. incl. hazardous waste disposal. 

Hygiene of settlements and dwellings. 

7. Urbanization 

Environmental and occupational hygienic 

requirements in establishing and operating 

8. public and hospital pharmacies 

General occupational health and ergonomy. 

9. Health effects of excesses of temperature 


11. 

12. 

13. 

Health effects of excesses of pressure, 

noise and vibration. 

Health effects of ionizing and non-ionizing 

radiation. Pneumoconiosis 

Basic toxicology. Toxicology of heavy 

metals and solvents 

14. 

15. 

Toxicology of gases, plastics, PAH, dioxins, 

etc. 

Toxicology of agrochemicals. Risk 

assessment, management and 

communication


ETHICS IN PHARMACY 

Basic definition 

Human rights in pharmaceutical practice 

The calling of pharmacists 

Development of medical and pharmaceutical ethics 

Hungarian universities and academies 

Ayurveda. Hindu medical ethics. Buddhism. 

Chinese medicine. 

Islamic medical ethics 

Roman Catholicism (the Greek /Orthodox/ Church) 

Protestantism 

Seventy-day Adventists. The Mormons. 

Jehovah's Witnesses 

Jewish medical ethics 

Ethics of feudal and bourgeois society 

European and Hungarian pharmacy between 1940-1950 

Socialist system of medicine supply (1950-1990) 

The most important requirements of the pharmaceutical profession 

Fundamental principles of pharmaceutical ethics 

Pharmaceutical oath. Hippocratic oath. 

Attitudes and ethics. Ethical code of pharmacists. 

Code of ethics (APhA). Solidarity of pharmacists. 

Connections between pharmacist and patient 

Responsibilities of pharmacists 

Abuses with medicines 

Connections between pharmacist and pharmacy workers 

Connections between pharmacist and physician 

Connections between pharmacist and power 

The importance of self-control 

Official secrecy 

Secrecy and computer techniques 

Personal incompatibility 

Pharmacists in public life. Ethical aspects of private life. 

Activity of pharmacists in health education 

Gratitude of the patient 

Ethical aspects of drug research 

Classification of drug studies by the FDA 

Competency of pharmacists. Ethical aspects of education. 

Ethical aspects of trade of medicines 

Transplantation of organs 

Self-mutilation. Donation of blood. Artificial insemination. 

The service of the dead on behalf of the living 

The limited protection of cadaver 

To die with dignity 

Veterinary deontology

276 


Syllabuses for 5th year pharmacy students 

FUNDAMENTALS OF CLINICAL THERAPY 

Internal medicine 

The patient's examination 

The more important diseases of the circulatory system and their therapy 

Diseases of the respiratory system; therapy 

Diseases of the kidneys; therapy 

Diseases of the digestive system; therapy 

The most important diseases of the ductless glands and their therapy 

Diseases of the blood; therapeutic possibilities 

Surgery 

Resuscitation; restitution of the circulation and of the breathing 

Mass accidents; emergency service 

Skull-injuries; commotio, contusio, compressio: fracture of bones; sprain 

Dull-damages of the chest 

The types of bleeding and their therapy 

Burning damages 

Appendicitis, ileus, acute abdomen 

Pediatrics 

The periods of childhood 

The main stations of the baby's and child's normal development 

The conditions of the reasonable treatment 

The various types of treatment, the sorts of taking in the drugs; which are the rules in childhood? 

Special standpoints of drug use in Pediatrics 

Methods of antifebrile therapy in Pediatrics 

Antispasmodic drugs in Pediatrics 

The treatment of circulatory insufficiency and shock 

What to do in case of status asthmaticus? 

The most common complaints of the respiratory system in childhood; treatment. 

Obstetrics and Gynaecology 

Pharmacological influence of the uterus' activity 

/oxytocin, prostaglandins, beta-mimetics etc./ 

The starting of a delivery 

Disseminated intravascular coagulation /DIC/; placenta praevia, missed abortion, rupture of the uterus 

"Extrauterin" pregnancy 

Acute inflammatory diseases in obstetrics /"post partum" endomymetritis, septic abortion etc./ 

Torsion of ovarian cyst's peduncle 

Neurology, psychiatry 

The role of psychiatry in the education of medical and pharmacy students. 

The symptoms of increased intracranial pressure and its treatment 

The course of parkinsonism and its treatment 

Schizophrenia 

Psychosis maniaco-depressiva 

Neurological, psychiatric and social consequences of alcoholism 

Polytoxicomania 

Suicide 

Enumeration of psychic abnormalities and the principles of the treatment


CLINICAL PHARMACY I. 

Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy 

Activity round and function areas of clinical pharmacy. General and special works of clinical pharmacy. Connection of clinical 

pharmacist with pharmacotherapy and drug order. Drug safety. 

The role and works of pharmacist in the in-patient provision 

Place of pharmacist in medical attendance. The role of pharmacist in drug provision. Connection with patients, physicians, 

nurses, members of other disciplines. 

Clinical importance of drug formulation 

Applied drug technology as a paret of clinical pharmacy. Formulation of oral preparations. Liquid oral drug formulations. 

Formulation of parenteral drugs, formulation of intramuscular, intravenous injections. Parenteral therapeutic systems. Rectal 

drug formulations, local drug formulations. 

Non-compliance 

Idea, definition, extent and importance of non-compliance. Methods for assessment of non-compliance. Major reasons for 

non-compliance. Strategies for improving compliance. 

Therapeutic drug monitoring 

Possibilities in public pharmacy practice. Hospital practice (Drug history taking. Monitoring of drug effectiveness. Drug bloodlevel 

monitoring. Measurement methods). 

Drug side-effects 

Drug side-effects. Classification, reasons of drug side-effects. Drug side-effect monitoring systems. 

Drug interactions 

Influental factors of development of drug interactions. Mechanism of drug interactions, its evaluating methods. Clinical 

important interactions. 

Drug information 

Topics connected with drug information. The role of pharmacist. The sources of information, its storage and retrieval. 

VETERINARY PHARMACY PRACTICE 

Introduction to veterinary pharmacy 

Certain animal diseases 

Basic course of veterinary pharmacology 

Basic pharmacology 

Drugs acting on the CNS 

General anaesthetics. Local anaesthetics. Hypnotics and sedatives. Analgesics. Antitussive agents. Antiepileptics. Drugs for 

Parkinson's disease. Central nervous system stimulants. Drugs for psychiatric disorders, psychostimulants and anorectic 

medicines. 

Pharmacology of the autonomic nervous system. Ganglion exciting agents. Stimulants of parasympathetic end-organs, or 

parasympathomimetics. Inhibitors of parasympathetic end-organs, or parasympatholytics. Stimulants of sympathetic endorgans, 

or sympathomimetics. Inhibitors of sympathetic end-organs, or sympatholytics. Stimulants of sympathetic and 

parasympathetic centers. 

Spasmolytics or drugs influencing the smooth muscle function 

Muscle relaxants or drugs inhibiting the skeletal muscle function 


Drugs acting on the body water, salt and ion turnover 

Drugs influencing the respiratory and airway function 

The pharmacology of blood 

Drugs influencing blood formation. Anticoagulants. Hemostatics. Correction of plasma and blood volume. 

Drugs influencing the function of the GI tract 

Drugs of nutrient character. Flavoring agents. Stomachics. Drugs influencing bile secretion. Emetics and antiemetics. 

Laxatives and purgatives. Antidiarrheal drugs. 

Drugs influencing the hepatic function 

Mineral substances influencing the metabolism 

Vitamins and hypovitaminoses 

Pharmacology of hormones. Biotechnics. 

Medicines of vaginal and uterine diseases 

Introduction. Medicines. 

Pharmacology of inflammation 

Pharmacons acting on the immune system 

Medicines in dermatology and for treatment of the external auditory canal 

Disinfectants 

Chemotherapeutics 

Antibactericidal pharmacons 

1st group: Sulfonamides 

Sulfonamides with a short or moderate effect. Long acting sulfonamides. Combination of sulfonamides and trimethoprim. 

2nd group: Antibiotics 

Chloramphenicol

278 


Beta-lactam antibiotics /Penicillin, Cephalosporins, other beta-lactam antibiotics./ 

Polypeptide antibiotics /Polymyxins, Bacitracin./ 

Aminoglycosides /Streptomycin, Neomycin, Kanamycin, Amikacin, Tobramycin, Apramycin, Gentamycin, Spectinomycin./ 

Tetracyclines 

Macrolides /Eryhromycin, Tylosin, Oleandomycin, Spiramycin, Kitasamycin/ 

Other antibiotics /Lincomycin, Tiamulin, Virginiamycin, Novobiocin, Rifamycins, Fumagillin, Vancomyscin, Fusidic acid./ 

3rd group: Other antibacterial pharmacons 

Nitrofuran derivatives /Furazolidone, Nitrofurantoin./ 

Quinoline derivatives /Halogenated quinolines, Quinolonic acid derivatives, Nalidixic acid, Oxolinic acid, Flumequine, 

Enrofloxacin./ 

4th group: Combinations of antibiotics and chemotherapeutics 

Antimycotics. Drugs for treatment of surface mycosis. Pharmacons used for the treatment of systemic mycoses. 

Antiviral agents 

Antitumorous pharmacons 

Antiprotozoal medicines. Medicines against trypanosomes. Medicines of trichomonosis and histomonosis. Medicines of 

babesiosis. Therapy of plasmodiosis (malaria). Medicines of coccidiosis. Ionophoric antibiotics. 

Anthelminthics. Antitrematodes. Anticestodes. Antinematodes. 

Insecticides. 

Growth promotants 

Mastitis and its medicines 

Ophthalmologic preparations 

Nutritive and medicated premixes 

Rodenticides 

Preparations used in bee-keeping 

Certain diseases of fish and their medication 

Animals and medicines in zoos 

Immune biological preparations and diagnostics 

Miscellaneous 

Treatment of poisoned animals 

Medicines for euthanasia in veterinary practice


Vow to be made by 1 st year medical, dentistry and pharmacy students 

I ................. name ................./ citizen of the University of Szeged / promise solemny/ that I will will respect the Constitution and 

laws/ of the Hungarian Republic. I will also observe and adhere / to the rules and regulations / of the University of Szeged. / 

I promise to devote all my best efforts / to go through with my studies here / as efficiently as possible. 

I will give to my teachers / the respect and gratitude / which is their due. / I will respect the secrets of the patients / which are 

confided in me / during my course of studies. / I will maintain by all means in my power / the honor and the noble traditions / of 

my profession. 

I will devote my time and efforts / to learn the progressive achievements / of the basic and clinical sciences / in order to use this 

knowledge / for advancing medicine, / for the care of my patients / and to promote man's progress on Earth. / 

I make these promises solemnly, / freely, / and upon my honor. 

Oath to be taken by medical graduates 

I, ……… name …….., / on this occasion / of my admission / to the ranks of the medical profession / swear on my honor / to 

devote my talents and knowledge / to the benefit of mankind. 

I shall hold / University of Szeged in esteem. 

I shall count those / who have instructed me / in the science of medicine / as my masters, / and shall show them / gratitude and 

respect at all times. 

I shall impart my medical knowledge / and experience / to the generations of physicians to come. / I shall constantly labour / to 

increase my erudition / with a view to developing / and advancing medical science. / I shall practice my profession / 

conscientiously. 

I vow to devote / my medical knowledge / to the protection of health / and to the benefit of the sick. / I shall treat / and advise 

patients / in the best of their interest / and to the best of my knowledge / and convictions / and I shall strive / to safeguard their 

health / against hazardous / and injurious effects. 

I shall reveal no secret / concerning my fellow men / whether learned within my practice of medicine / or outside it / unless the 

law demands this. 

I shall inform the patients / and also their relatives / if the patients’ interest so requires / as to the patients’ condition / and the 

method of treatment / in a timely and considerate manner. / I shall issue a medical certificate / only in accordance with my true 

convictions. 

I shall conduct myself / towards the patients / my fellow physicians and the society as a whole, / in a matter befitting my calling 

as a physician. / I shall preserve the honor / of the medical profession / and its noble traditions. 

I shall not be hampered / from fulfilling the duties of my profession / on the grounds of social, / political, / national, / racial / or 

religious distinction. 

I take this oath solemnly / and of my own free will. 

Oath to be taken by pharmacy graduates 

I....... name ....., / hereby swear / that I shall always maintain / an attitude in accordance / with my vocation as a pharmacist. / In 

my professional practice, / I shall proceed with the greatest degree / of conscientiousness / and with the utmost diligence. / I 

shall always behave / worthy of my profession. / I shall not reveal any data / concerning the health status / or the medication of 

my patients / unless the law obliges me to. / As part of the healing work, / I shall devote all my energies / to the protection and 

recovery / of the health of the individual and society. / I shall maintain / my theoretical and practical knowledge /at a high level./ 

I shall never use my knowledge / for activities that are contrary / to the ethical code of pharmacists. / I shall use my knowledge/ 

only for the defence / and restoration of health / of my fellow humans./ I shall do my best / to promote the science of pharmacy/ 

and keep the good name / of the University of Szeged. / I take this oth solemnly / and of my own free will.

Curriculum 2006/2007

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