On the Ecology of Mountainous Forests in a Changing Climate: A ...
On the Ecology of Mountainous Forests in a Changing Climate: A ...
On the Ecology of Mountainous Forests in a Changing Climate: A ...
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84 Chapter 3<br />
Tab. 3.10: Def<strong>in</strong>ition <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sType parameter (cf. Tab. 3.11). The syntax <strong>of</strong> sType is “Xn”, where<br />
X ∈ {C,D} and n ∈ {1,2,3,4,5}. C denotes coniferous (evergreen) and D deciduous trees, respectively; n<br />
denotes <strong>the</strong> type <strong>of</strong> relationship between diameter at breast height and foliage weight (cf. Appendix II).<br />
Parameter & Unit C D 1 2 3 4 5<br />
kC1 [%/100] 0.45 0.35<br />
kC2 [m 2·kg-1 ] 6 12<br />
kFRT [yr] 5 1<br />
kA1 [kg·cm -1 ] 0.08 0.10 0.06 0.17 0.23<br />
kA2 [–] 1.43 1.43 1.70 1.40 1.56<br />
Tab. 3.11: Default values <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> species-specific parameters <strong>in</strong> FORCLIM-P. N denotes no sensitivity to<br />
low w<strong>in</strong>ter temperatures. For <strong>the</strong> derivation, see Appendix II.<br />
Species sType Dm Hm Am G DDM<strong>in</strong> DDMax WiT DrT NTol Brow Ly La LQ<br />
Abies alba C5 215 6000 700 117 641 4491 -6 0.18 2 3 3 1 2<br />
Larix decidua D2 185 5200 850 170 323 2325 -11 0.12 1 2 8 9 3<br />
Picea abies C5 210 5800 930 171 385 2325 N 0.06 2 2 5 5 3<br />
P<strong>in</strong>us cembra C5 180 2600 1050 115 323 1124 -11 0.3 1 3 6 5 3<br />
P<strong>in</strong>us montana C5 50 2300 300 138 436 1925 N 0.3 1 2 8 9 3<br />
P<strong>in</strong>us silvestris C4 155 4500 760 119 610 2777 N 0.3 1 2 7 9 3<br />
Taxus baccata C5 355 2200 2110 47 1011 4491 -5 0.24 2 3 4 3 2<br />
Acer campestre D2 80 2300 170 156 1062 4491 N 0.24 2 1 5 5 2<br />
Acer platanoides D3 170 3200 380 142 1042 4768 -17 0.18 2 1 2 4 2<br />
Acer pseudoplatanus D3 215 3700 550 125 898 4491 N 0.18 2 1 2 4 2<br />
Alnus glut<strong>in</strong>osa D2 130 3100 240 250 898 5230 -16 0.06 2 2 5 5 1<br />
Alnus <strong>in</strong>cana D2 160 2200 150 266 610 4204 N 0.06 2 2 6 7 1<br />
Alnus viridis D2 20 400 100 531 272 1237 N 0.12 2 2 7 7 1<br />
Betula pendula D1 115 2900 220 278 610 4655 N 0.12 1 1 7 9 2<br />
Carp<strong>in</strong>us betulus D3 110 2700 220 177 898 4655 -9 0.18 2 3 4 3 1<br />
Castanea sativa D3 355 3300 1510 142 1237 4778 N 0.24 1 2 5 5 2<br />
Corylus avellana D3 70 1000 70 95 898 4655 -16 0.24 2 3 6 6 1<br />
Fagus silvatica D3 225 4500 430 191 723 4655 -4 0.12 1 3 3 1 2<br />
Frax<strong>in</strong>us excelsior D2 190 4200 350 177 980 4491 -17 0.12 3 2 4 6 1<br />
Populus nigra D2 190 3600 280 285 662 5405 N 0.06 3 3 5 5 2<br />
Populus tremula D2 125 3000 140 310 610 4655 N 0.18 1 3 6 7 2<br />
Quercus petraea D3 285 4500 860 195 785 4655 -5 0.18 1 2 6 7 2<br />
Quercus pubescens D3 90 2500 500 148 1011 4655 N 0.24 2 2 7 7 2<br />
Quercus robur D3 320 5200 1060 195 1042 4655 -17 0.3 1 2 7 9 2<br />
Salix alba D1 100 2700 170 278 1062 5405 N 0.06 3 1 5 5 2<br />
Sorbus aria D2 55 2200 180 82 898 5343 N 0.24 2 2 6 7 1<br />
Sorbus aucuparia D1 65 1900 110 167 498 4204 N 0.24 1 2 6 7 1<br />
Tilia cordata D3 230 3000 940 114 1339 4491 -19 0.24 2 2 5 5 2<br />
Tilia platyphyllos D3 405 3900 960 110 1339 4491 N 0.18 2 2 4 3 2<br />
Ulmus scabra D3 195 4300 480 153 1062 5230 -16 0.18 3 1 4 3 1<br />
References for Tab. 3.11 (cf. Appendix II):<br />
sType Burger (1945-53), Ellenberg (1986), Kienast (1987)<br />
kDm, kHm, kAm Amann (1954), Fenaroli & Gambi (1976), Brosse (1977), Polun<strong>in</strong> (1977),<br />
Bernatzky (1978), Phillips (1978), Krüssmann (1979), Mitchell (1979), Hess et al.<br />
(1980), Edl<strong>in</strong> & Nimmo (1983), Marcet & Gohl (1985), Godet (1986), Prentice &<br />
Helmisaari (1991), Leibundgut (1991)<br />
kG Anonymous (1983), Kienast (1987), Schober (1987)<br />
kDDM<strong>in</strong>, kDDMax Meusel et al. (1965, 1978), Rudl<strong>of</strong>f (1981), Müller (1982), Kienast (1987)<br />
kWiT Ellenberg (1986), Kienast (1987), Prentice & Helmisaari (1991)<br />
kNTol Landolt (1977), Ellenberg (1986), Jahn (1991), Prentice & Helmisaari (1991)<br />
kDrT Bernatzky (1978), Ellenberg (1986), Jahn (1991), Prentice & Helmisaari (1991)<br />
kBrow Amann (1954), Ellenberg (1986), Kienast (1987), Dengler et al. (1990)<br />
kLy, kLa Landolt (1977), Ellenberg (1986), Jahn (1991), Prentice & Helmisaari (1991)<br />
kLQ Berg & Staaf (1981), Ellenberg (1986)