On the Ecology of Mountainous Forests in a Changing Climate: A ...

84 Chapter 3
Tab. 3.10: Definition of the sType parameter (cf. Tab. 3.11). The syntax of sType is “Xn”, where
X ∈ {C,D} and n ∈ {1,2,3,4,5}. C denotes coniferous (evergreen) and D deciduous trees, respectively; n
denotes the type of relationship between diameter at breast height and foliage weight (cf. Appendix II).
Parameter & Unit C D 1 2 3 4 5
kC1 [%/100] 0.45 0.35
kC2 [m 2·kg-1 ] 6 12
kFRT [yr] 5 1
kA1 [kg·cm -1 ] 0.08 0.10 0.06 0.17 0.23
kA2 [–] 1.43 1.43 1.70 1.40 1.56
Tab. 3.11: Default values of the species-specific parameters in FORCLIM-P. N denotes no sensitivity to
low winter temperatures. For the derivation, see Appendix II.
Species sType Dm Hm Am G DDMin DDMax WiT DrT NTol Brow Ly La LQ
Abies alba C5 215 6000 700 117 641 4491 -6 0.18 2 3 3 1 2
Larix decidua D2 185 5200 850 170 323 2325 -11 0.12 1 2 8 9 3
Picea abies C5 210 5800 930 171 385 2325 N 0.06 2 2 5 5 3
Pinus cembra C5 180 2600 1050 115 323 1124 -11 0.3 1 3 6 5 3
Pinus montana C5 50 2300 300 138 436 1925 N 0.3 1 2 8 9 3
Pinus silvestris C4 155 4500 760 119 610 2777 N 0.3 1 2 7 9 3
Taxus baccata C5 355 2200 2110 47 1011 4491 -5 0.24 2 3 4 3 2
Acer campestre D2 80 2300 170 156 1062 4491 N 0.24 2 1 5 5 2
Acer platanoides D3 170 3200 380 142 1042 4768 -17 0.18 2 1 2 4 2
Acer pseudoplatanus D3 215 3700 550 125 898 4491 N 0.18 2 1 2 4 2
Alnus glutinosa D2 130 3100 240 250 898 5230 -16 0.06 2 2 5 5 1
Alnus incana D2 160 2200 150 266 610 4204 N 0.06 2 2 6 7 1
Alnus viridis D2 20 400 100 531 272 1237 N 0.12 2 2 7 7 1
Betula pendula D1 115 2900 220 278 610 4655 N 0.12 1 1 7 9 2
Carpinus betulus D3 110 2700 220 177 898 4655 -9 0.18 2 3 4 3 1
Castanea sativa D3 355 3300 1510 142 1237 4778 N 0.24 1 2 5 5 2
Corylus avellana D3 70 1000 70 95 898 4655 -16 0.24 2 3 6 6 1
Fagus silvatica D3 225 4500 430 191 723 4655 -4 0.12 1 3 3 1 2
Fraxinus excelsior D2 190 4200 350 177 980 4491 -17 0.12 3 2 4 6 1
Populus nigra D2 190 3600 280 285 662 5405 N 0.06 3 3 5 5 2
Populus tremula D2 125 3000 140 310 610 4655 N 0.18 1 3 6 7 2
Quercus petraea D3 285 4500 860 195 785 4655 -5 0.18 1 2 6 7 2
Quercus pubescens D3 90 2500 500 148 1011 4655 N 0.24 2 2 7 7 2
Quercus robur D3 320 5200 1060 195 1042 4655 -17 0.3 1 2 7 9 2
Salix alba D1 100 2700 170 278 1062 5405 N 0.06 3 1 5 5 2
Sorbus aria D2 55 2200 180 82 898 5343 N 0.24 2 2 6 7 1
Sorbus aucuparia D1 65 1900 110 167 498 4204 N 0.24 1 2 6 7 1
Tilia cordata D3 230 3000 940 114 1339 4491 -19 0.24 2 2 5 5 2
Tilia platyphyllos D3 405 3900 960 110 1339 4491 N 0.18 2 2 4 3 2
Ulmus scabra D3 195 4300 480 153 1062 5230 -16 0.18 3 1 4 3 1
References for Tab. 3.11 (cf. Appendix II):
sType Burger (1945-53), Ellenberg (1986), Kienast (1987)
kDm, kHm, kAm Amann (1954), Fenaroli & Gambi (1976), Brosse (1977), Polunin (1977),
Bernatzky (1978), Phillips (1978), Krüssmann (1979), Mitchell (1979), Hess et al.
(1980), Edlin & Nimmo (1983), Marcet & Gohl (1985), Godet (1986), Prentice &
Helmisaari (1991), Leibundgut (1991)
kG Anonymous (1983), Kienast (1987), Schober (1987)
kDDMin, kDDMax Meusel et al. (1965, 1978), Rudloff (1981), Müller (1982), Kienast (1987)
kWiT Ellenberg (1986), Kienast (1987), Prentice & Helmisaari (1991)
kNTol Landolt (1977), Ellenberg (1986), Jahn (1991), Prentice & Helmisaari (1991)
kDrT Bernatzky (1978), Ellenberg (1986), Jahn (1991), Prentice & Helmisaari (1991)
kBrow Amann (1954), Ellenberg (1986), Kienast (1987), Dengler et al. (1990)
kLy, kLa Landolt (1977), Ellenberg (1986), Jahn (1991), Prentice & Helmisaari (1991)
kLQ Berg & Staaf (1981), Ellenberg (1986)