On the Ecology of Mountainous Forests in a Changing Climate: A ...
On the Ecology of Mountainous Forests in a Changing Climate: A ...
On the Ecology of Mountainous Forests in a Changing Climate: A ...
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64 Chapter 3<br />
gCumLA gHc = 1<br />
kPatchSize ·<br />
n<br />
∑<br />
i | gH i ≥ gH c<br />
gFolA i<br />
(3.19)<br />
where kPatchSize is <strong>the</strong> size <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> forest patch, and n is <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> trees present on<br />
<strong>the</strong> patch.<br />
Tab. 3.3: Symbols used <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> growth submodel <strong>of</strong> FORCLIM-P. Bold face denotes state variables.<br />
Factor Symbol Unit Explanation Eq.<br />
Maximum growth equation D c cm diameter at breast height 3.15<br />
gH c cm tree height 3.13<br />
kG s cm·yr -1 growth rate parameter<br />
kHm s cm maximum tree height<br />
kDm s cm maximum diameter at breast height<br />
kB 2,s – allometric parameter for relat<strong>in</strong>g gH to D 3.16<br />
kB 3,s cm -1 allometric parameter for relat<strong>in</strong>g gH to D 3.17<br />
ƒ(e) c – effect <strong>of</strong> environment on max. growth rate 3.28<br />
V c cm 3 tree volume 1) 3.11<br />
gL c cm 2 foliage area 1)<br />
kR cm·yr -1 photosyn<strong>the</strong>sis rate parameter 1)<br />
kS yr -1 respiration rate parameter 1)<br />
k 1 , k 2 – constants <strong>of</strong> proportionality 1)<br />
Light growth factor gALGF c – growth factor 3.24<br />
gL 1,c , gL 9,c – light response curves 3.22f.<br />
gAL H %/100 light availability at height H 3.18<br />
gCumLA H m 2·m-2 cumulative leaf area <strong>in</strong>dex at height H 3.19<br />
gFolW c kg foliage weight 3.22<br />
gFolA c m 2 foliage area 3.20<br />
kLAtt – light attenuation coefficient<br />
kA 1,s kg·cm -1 allometric parameter for foliage weight<br />
kA 2,s – allometric parameter for foliage weight<br />
kC 1,s %/100 dry to wet weight ratio <strong>of</strong> foliage<br />
kC 2,s m 2·kg-1 foliage area per unit foliage weight<br />
sType s – group<strong>in</strong>g parameter (cf. Tab. 3.10)<br />
kL a,s [1..9] shade tolerance <strong>of</strong> adult trees<br />
kPatchSize m 2 size <strong>of</strong> a forest patch<br />
Degree-day growth factor gDDGF s – growth factor 3.25<br />
kDDM<strong>in</strong> s °C⋅d m<strong>in</strong>imum annual degree-day sum<br />
kDDMax s °C⋅d maximum annual degree-day sum<br />
Soil moisture growth factor gSMGF s – growth factor 3.26<br />
kDrT s [0..1] drought tolerance parameter<br />
Soil nitrogen growth factor gSNGF s – growth factor 3.27<br />
kN 1,kNTols – nitrogen response function parameter<br />
kN 2,kNTols kg·ha -1·yr-1 nitrogen response function parameter<br />
kNTol s [1..3] nitrogen tolerance parameter<br />
1) used for <strong>the</strong> derivation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> maximum growth equation only; not used <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> simulation model.