On the Ecology of Mountainous Forests in a Changing Climate: A ...

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248 Appendix Tab. A-16: Upper end of the plausibility interval of the species-specific parameters. Empty cells denote missing values. Species sType kDm kHm kAm kG kDDMin kDDMax kWiT kDrT kNTol kBrow kLy kLa kLQ Abies alba 250 65 800 152.1 769.2 6287.4 -4 0.28 3 5 3 3 Larix decidua D3 200 57 1000 221 387.6 3255 -9 0.22 2 3 9 Picea excelsa 250 63 1200 222.3 462 3255 0.16 3 3 7 7 Pinus cembra 200 27 1200 149.5 387.6 1573.6 -9 0.4 2 8 7 Pinus montana 25 179.4 523.2 2695 0.4 2 3 9 Pinus silvestris C5 190 48 900 154.7 732 3887.8 0.4 2 3 9 Taxus baccata 450 25 2500 61.1 1213.2 6287.4 -3 0.34 3 6 5 3 Acer campestre D3 95 26 200 202.8 1274.4 6287.4 0.34 3 2 7 7 3 Acer platanoides D4 190 35 500 184.6 1250.4 6675.2 -15 0.28 3 2 4 6 3 Acer pseudoplatanus D4 223 40 600 162.5 1077.6 6287.4 0.28 3 2 4 6 3 Alnus glutinosa D3 180 35 300 325 1077.6 7322 -14 0.16 3 3 7 7 2 Alnus incana D3 200 25 200 345.8 732 5885.6 0.16 3 3 8 9 2 Alnus viridis D3 5 690.3 326.4 1731.8 0.22 3 3 9 9 2 Betula pendula D2 150 31 300 361.4 732 6517 0.22 2 2 9 3 Carpinus betulus D4 127 30 250 230.1 1077.6 6517 -7 0.28 3 6 5 2 Castanea sativa D4 410 35 2000 184.6 1484.4 6689.2 0.34 2 3 7 7 3 Corylus avellana D4 12 80 123.5 1077.6 6517 -15 0.34 3 8 8 2 Fagus silvatica D4 260 50 500 248.3 867.6 6517 -2 0.22 2 5 3 3 Fraxinus excelsior D3 220 45 400 230.1 1176 6287.4 -15 0.22 3 6 8 2 Populus nigra D3 200 40 300 370.5 794.4 7567 0.16 7 7 3 Populus tremula D3 150 35 160 403 732 6517 0.28 2 8 9 3 Quercus petraea D4 300 50 1000 253.5 942 6517 -3 0.28 2 3 8 9 3 Quercus pubescens D4 30 192.4 1213.2 6517 0.34 3 3 9 9 3 Quercus robur D4 382 60 1200 253.5 1250.4 6517 -15 0.4 2 3 9 3 Salix alba D2 30 200 361.4 1274.4 7567 0.16 2 7 7 3 Sorbus aria D3 60 25 200 106.6 1077.6 7480.2 0.34 3 3 8 9 2 Sorbus aucuparia D2 80 20 120 217.1 597.6 5885.6 0.34 2 3 8 9 2 Tilia cordata D4 270 32 1000 148.2 1606.8 6287.4 -19 0.34 3 3 7 7 3 Tilia platyphyllos D4 500 41 1000 143 1606.8 6287.4 0.28 3 3 6 5 3 Ulmus scabra D4 223 48 500 198.9 1274.4 7322 -14 0.28 2 6 5 2
Appendix 249 Tab. A-17: Percentage similarity coefficients (PS) between the conjectured "true" steady state species composition of the ForClim model with default species parameters and the species composition as simulated when setting the species parameters to the lower end of their plausibility interval. The threshold for significant differences (α = 5%) corresponds to PS = 0.871. Empty cells denote missing values (cf. Tab. A-12). Species sType kDm kHm kAm kG kDDMin kDDMax kWiT kDrT kNTol kBrow kLy kLa kLQ Abies alba 0.770 0.932 0.930 0.732 0.806 0.880 0.893 0.853 0.788 0.789 0.873 0.919 0.885 Larix decidua 0.908 0.882 0.919 0.906 0.895 0.872 0.805 0.906 0.843 0.932 0.885 0.910 0.836 Picea excelsa 0.871 0.877 0.935 0.916 0.829 0.898 0.900 0.807 0.837 0.882 0.924 0.912 0.884 Pinus cembra 0.907 0.882 0.929 0.884 0.941 0.928 0.896 0.934 0.927 0.924 0.958 0.925 0.871 Pinus montana 0.926 0.932 0.921 0.895 0.936 0.913 0.942 0.949 0.897 0.887 Pinus silvestris 0.915 0.933 0.924 0.928 0.953 0.880 0.919 0.872 0.901 0.890 0.885 0.963 Taxus baccata 0.923 0.938 0.925 0.895 0.937 0.922 0.883 0.884 0.913 0.938 0.870 0.943 0.890 0.937 Acer campestre 0.943 0.923 0.929 0.913 0.922 0.906 0.931 0.930 0.880 0.938 0.848 0.954 Acer platanoides 0.960 0.904 0.951 0.933 0.920 0.927 0.880 0.908 0.875 0.932 0.925 0.878 0.919 Acer pseudoplatanus 0.905 0.942 0.908 0.858 0.888 0.907 0.910 0.928 0.888 0.905 0.858 0.909 Alnus glutinosa 0.941 0.900 0.889 0.892 0.946 0.944 0.894 0.900 0.923 0.888 0.919 0.940 0.907 Alnus incana 0.931 0.935 0.885 0.939 0.942 0.910 0.893 0.954 0.905 0.925 0.917 0.878 Alnus viridis 0.886 0.902 0.925 0.918 0.971 0.894 0.940 0.921 0.897 0.914 Betula pendula 0.943 0.896 0.949 0.910 0.935 0.888 0.887 0.929 0.880 0.887 Carpinus betulus 0.919 0.945 0.946 0.910 0.887 0.862 0.905 0.930 0.900 0.906 0.912 0.943 0.944 Castanea sativa 0.948 0.893 0.967 0.938 0.937 0.879 0.943 0.946 0.933 0.942 0.878 0.940 Corylus avellana 0.945 0.899 0.878 0.960 0.874 0.904 0.890 0.909 0.913 0.924 0.911 0.917 Fagus silvatica 0.872 0.846 0.770 0.797 0.775 0.895 0.848 0.834 0.641 0.931 0.863 0.966 Fraxinus excelsior 0.970 0.881 0.914 0.898 0.950 0.949 0.917 0.892 0.936 0.902 0.938 0.929 0.929 Populus nigra 0.949 0.905 0.929 0.894 0.933 0.924 0.926 0.903 0.864 0.887 0.875 0.933 0.906 Populus tremula 0.928 0.956 0.934 0.906 0.880 0.888 0.894 0.918 0.937 0.929 0.920 0.895 Quercus petraea 0.854 0.930 0.876 0.923 0.849 0.854 0.857 0.943 0.902 0.936 0.853 0.917 0.918 Quercus pubescens 0.871 0.891 0.902 0.918 0.923 0.939 0.875 0.870 0.885 0.927 0.935 Quercus robur 0.859 0.928 0.906 0.889 0.890 0.908 0.919 0.912 0.871 0.910 0.875 0.968 0.914 Salix alba 0.928 0.943 0.878 0.939 0.907 0.876 0.951 0.905 0.897 0.926 Sorbus aria 0.957 0.894 0.904 0.927 0.919 0.928 0.938 0.931 0.864 0.935 0.945 0.921 Sorbus aucuparia 0.922 0.888 0.932 0.892 0.924 0.936 0.919 0.914 0.910 0.872 Tilia cordata 0.863 0.937 0.932 0.948 0.904 0.904 0.920 0.936 0.950 0.915 0.921 0.860 0.922 0.858 Tilia platyphyllos 0.933 0.907 0.919 0.885 0.924 0.910 0.939 0.931 0.926 0.929 0.877 0.937 0.927 Ulmus scabra 0.859 0.954 0.932 0.966 0.836 0.899 0.902 0.902 0.914 0.920 0.930 0.889
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Diss. ETH No. 10638 On the Ecology
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ii Table of contents A BSTRACT.....
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iv APPENDIX .......................
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vi Harald BUGMANN, 1994: On the eco
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viii Harald BUGMANN, 1994: Aspekte
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1 1 . Introduction 1.1 Climatic cha
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Introduction 3 1.2 Methods for the
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Introduction 5 in a changing climat
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Introduction 7 Their integrative ca
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Introduction 9 (1984) provides a mo
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Introduction 11 The main advantage
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13 2 . Analysis of existing forest
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Analysis of existing forest gap mod
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The forest model FORCLIM 45 carbon
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The forest model FORCLIM 47 TREE GR
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The forest model FORCLIM 49 gBFlag
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The forest model FORCLIM 51 Disturb
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The forest model FORCLIM 53 decay o
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The forest model FORCLIM 55 the est
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The forest model FORCLIM 57 3.3 Mod
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The forest model FORCLIM 59 Light a
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The forest model FORCLIM 61 Overall
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The forest model FORCLIM 63 D (cm)
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The forest model FORCLIM 65 a) b) c
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The forest model FORCLIM 67 Growth
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The forest model FORCLIM 69 Stress-
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The forest model FORCLIM 71 Tab. 3.
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The forest model FORCLIM 73 3.3.2 F
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The forest model FORCLIM 75 where k
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The forest model FORCLIM 77 NITROGE
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The forest model FORCLIM 79 peratur
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The forest model FORCLIM 81 of degr
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The forest model FORCLIM 83 microcl
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The forest model FORCLIM 85 Tab. 3.
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The forest model FORCLIM 87 3.4.3 F
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The forest model FORCLIM 89 All the
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The forest model FORCLIM 91 The mas
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The forest model FORCLIM 93 FORCLIM
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Behaviour of FORCLIM along a transe
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Parameter sensitivity & model valid
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153 6 . Model applications Climatic
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Model applications 155 The simulate
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Model applications 157 6.2 Possible
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Model applications 159 simulation s
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Model applications 161 Simulation e
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Model applications 163 At the site
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Model applications 165 Bever Biomas
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Model applications 167 tainty inher
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Model applications 169 scenario cho
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Discussion 171 Finally, the analysi
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Discussion 173 bitrarily chosen par
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Discussion 175 comparably small imp
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Discussion 177 end of the 21st cent
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Conclusions 179 Ecological factors
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Conclusions 181 species composition
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References 183 Begon, M., Harper, J
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References 185 Burger, H., 1951. Ho
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References 187 Faber, P.J., 1991. A
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References 189 Huntley, B. & Birks,
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References 191 Leemans, R. & Prenti
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References 193 Olson, J.S., 1963. E
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References 195 Rudloff, W., 1981. W
Page 191 and 192: References 197 Smith, T.M., Leemans
Page 193 and 194: References 199 Whittaker, R.H., 195
Page 195 and 196: Appendix 201 II. Derivation of para
Page 197 and 198: Appendix 203 Tab. A-4: Tree species
Page 199 and 200: Appendix 205 Tab. A-7: Values for m
Page 201 and 202: Appendix 207 The minimum winter tem
Page 203 and 204: Appendix 209 Tab. A-11: Shade toler
Page 205 and 206: Appendix 211 Tab. A-14: Climatic pa
Page 207 and 208: Appendix 213 IV. Source code of the
Page 209 and 210: Appendix 215 FROM SimBase IMPORT De
Page 211 and 212: Appendix 217 END; (* IF *) prevDay
Page 213 and 214: Appendix 219 PROCEDURE InitializeFW
Page 215 and 216: Appendix 221 InstallSeparator( fMen
Page 217 and 218: Appendix 223 FROM FCPFileIO IMPORT
Page 219 and 220: Appendix 225 modelSp^.p.kHm := sens
Page 221 and 222: Appendix 227 DeclMV( meanLitt[leafS
Page 223 and 224: Appendix 229 Swiss Federal Institut
Page 225 and 226: Appendix 231 (*********************
Page 227 and 228: Appendix 233 BEGIN WITH sp^ DO d :=
Page 229 and 230: Appendix 235 Definition module FCPB
Page 231 and 232: Appendix 237 Purpose Simulation mod
Page 233 and 234: Appendix 239 END Immobilization; PR
Page 235 and 236: Appendix 241 CONST lem = 3; VAR ef:
Page 237 and 238: Appendix 243 Purpose Provides the b
Page 239 and 240: Appendix 245 Example of a text file
Page 241: Appendix 247 Tab. A-15: Lower end o
Page 245 and 246: Appendix 251 Tab. A-19: Significant
Page 247 and 248: Appendix 253 VI. Derivation of para
Page 249 and 250: Appendix 255 Tab. A-21: Species-spe
Page 251 and 252: Appendix 257 Tab. A-22 (continued)
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