240 Appendix BEGIN DisableCommand( fMenu, litterCmd ); IF ExperimentRunn<strong>in</strong>g() AND (CurrentSimNr() = 1 ) THEN IF exp.type = manyRuns THEN GetGlobSimPars(tzero, tend, h, er, c , hm); arrLen := TRUNC((tend-tzero)/hm+1.5); DeclareStatArrays( arrLen ); ELSIF exp.type = estimEquil THEN DeclareStatArrays( 1 ); ELSE (* do noth<strong>in</strong>g *) END; END; CalculateLign<strong>in</strong>Parameters; DeleteAllCohorts( first ); IF NOT everyYear THEN IF allTypes THEN FOR i:= MIN(Litter) TO MAX(Litter) DO IF uLitt[i] 0.0 THEN CreateLitterCohort( first, uLitt[i], i ) END; END; (* FOR *) ELSE CreateLitterCohort( first, uLitt[type], type ) END; END; END Initialize; PROCEDURE Input; VAR litter: LitterPtr; i: Litter; BEGIN IF everyYear THEN IF allTypes THEN FOR i:= MIN(Litter) TO MAX(Litter) DO IF uLitt[i] 0.0 THEN CreateLitterCohort( first, uLitt[i], i ) END; END; (* FOR *) ELSE CreateLitterCohort( first, uLitt[type], type ); END; END; totCO2 := 0.0; totNimmob := 0.0; totNM<strong>in</strong> := 0.0; litterM := 0.0; litterN := 0.0; litter := first; WHILE litter NIL DO (* summation <strong>of</strong> total leaf litter *) WITH litter^ DO IF (type = leafFast) OR (type = leafMedium) OR (type = leafSlow) THEN litterM := litterM + LOM; litterN := litterN + LN; END; END; (* WHILE *) litter := litter^.next; END; (* WHILE *) IF litterM 0.0 THEN gLNC := litterN / litterM / 0.48; ELSE gLNC := 0.0; END; (* IF *) litterM := 0.0; litterN := 0.0; litter := first; WHILE litter NIL DO (* summation <strong>of</strong> total litter *) WITH litter^ DO litterM := litterM + LOM; litterN := litterN + LN; END; (* WHILE *) litter := litter^.next; END; (* WHILE *) totSOM := litterM + HOM; (* total soil organic matter *) END Input; PROCEDURE Dynamic; BEGIN M<strong>in</strong>eralization; Immobilization; uAvN := kNAtm + Rmax(totNM<strong>in</strong> - totNimmob, 0.0) * 1000.0; END Dynamic; PROCEDURE Output; BEGIN UpdateLitterCohorts; END Output; PROCEDURE Term<strong>in</strong>ate; BEGIN DeleteAllCohorts( first ); IF ( (CurrentSimNr() MOD TRUNC(exp.nrRuns+0.5)) = 0 ) AND ExperimentRunn<strong>in</strong>g() AND (exp.type = manyRuns) THEN DisplayStatArrays; END; EnableCommand( fMenu, litterCmd ); END Term<strong>in</strong>ate; (******************) (* Menu command *) (******************) PROCEDURE LitterInput;
Appendix 241 CONST lem = 3; VAR ef: FormFrame; ok: BOOLEAN; cl: INTEGER; button: ARRAY [MIN(Litter)..MAX(Litter)] OF RadioButtonID; allTypesB, selectedbutton: RadioButtonID; BEGIN cl := 2; WriteLabel(cl, lem-2, "Select litter type :"); INC(cl); Def<strong>in</strong>eRadioButtonSet(selectedbutton); IF NOT allTypes THEN selectedbutton := button[type] END; RadioButton( allTypesB, cl, lem, "All types"); INC(cl,2); RadioButton( button[leafFast], cl, lem, "Fast decay<strong>in</strong>g foliage"); INC(cl); RadioButton( button[leafMedium], cl, lem, "Medium decay<strong>in</strong>g foliage"); INC(cl); RadioButton( button[leafSlow], cl, lem, "Slowly decay<strong>in</strong>g foliage"); INC(cl); RadioButton( button[roots], cl, lem, "Roots"); INC(cl); RadioButton( button[twigs], cl, lem, "Twigs"); INC(cl); RadioButton( button[wood], cl, lem, "Wood"); INC(cl); INC(cl); CheckBox( cl, lem, "Every year", everyYear ); INC(cl); ef.x := 0; ef.y := -1; (* display entry form <strong>in</strong> middle <strong>of</strong> screen *) ef.l<strong>in</strong>es := cl+1; ef.columns := 30; UseEntryForm(ef,ok); IF ok THEN IF selectedbutton = allTypesB THEN allTypes := TRUE; ELSE allTypes := FALSE; END; IF selectedbutton = button[leafFast] THEN type := leafFast; ELSIF selectedbutton = button[leafMedium] THEN type := leafMedium; ELSIF selectedbutton = button[leafSlow] THEN type := leafSlow; ELSIF selectedbutton = button[roots] THEN type := roots; ELSIF selectedbutton = button[twigs] THEN type := twigs; ELSIF selectedbutton = button[wood] END; (* IF *) END; (* IF *) END LitterInput; THEN type := wood; (********************************) (* Procedure ModelObjects *) (********************************) PROCEDURE ModelObjects; VAR i: Litter; BEGIN DeclSV( HOM, HOMNew, 0.0, 0.0, 100.0, 'Humus organic matter', 'HOM', 't/ha'); DeclSV( HN, HNNew, 0.0, 0.0, 10.0, 'Humus nitrogen', 'HN', 't/ha'); DeclMV( uAvN, 0.0, 500.0, 'Available nitrogen','uAvN','kg/ha', not<strong>On</strong>File,writeInTable,notInGraph); DeclMV( litterM, 0.0, 500.0, 'Litter organic matter','LOM','t/ha', not<strong>On</strong>File,writeInTable,notInGraph); DeclMV( litterN, 0.0, 50.0, 'Litter nitrogen','LN','t/ha', not<strong>On</strong>File,writeInTable,notInGraph); DeclMV( HOM, 0.0, 500.0, 'Humus organic matter','HOM','t/ha', not<strong>On</strong>File,writeInTable,notInGraph); DeclMV( HN, 0.0, 50.0, 'Humus nitrogen','HN','t/ha', not<strong>On</strong>File,writeInTable,notInGraph); DeclMV( gLNC, 0.0, 0.05, 'Litter N:C ratio','gLNC','--', not<strong>On</strong>File,notInTable,notInGraph); DeclMV( humCN, 0.0, 100.0, 'Humus C:N ratio','gHCN','--', not<strong>On</strong>File,notInTable,notInGraph); DeclMV( totCO2, 0.0, 25.0, 'total C(O2) emission','CO2(tot)','t/ha*yr', not<strong>On</strong>File,notInTable,notInGraph); DeclMV( totSOM, 0.0, 500.0, 'total soil organic matter','totSOM','t/ha', not<strong>On</strong>File,writeInTable,notInGraph); DeclMV( meanAvN, 0.0, 500.0, 'average available nitrogen','meanAvN','t/ha', not<strong>On</strong>File,notInTable,notInGraph); DeclMV( meanLitM, 0.0, 500.0, 'average litter organic matter','meanLOM','t/ha', not<strong>On</strong>File,notInTable,notInGraph); DeclMV( meanHumM, 0.0, 500.0, 'average humus organic matter','meanHOM ','t/ha', not<strong>On</strong>File,notInTable,notInGraph); DeclP( kNAtm, 5.0, 0.0, 100.0, rtc, 'Atmospheric N <strong>in</strong>put', 'kNAtm', 'kg/ha*yr'); DeclP( kAET, 1200.0, 0.0, 2000.0, rtc, 'AET multiplier parameter', 'kAET', 'mm/yr'); DeclP( kM<strong>in</strong>, 0.035, 0.0, 1.0, rtc, 'Humus decay <strong>in</strong> absence <strong>of</strong> litter', 'kM<strong>in</strong>', '%'); DeclP( kLeach, 0.16, 0.0, 1.0, rtc, 'Leach<strong>in</strong>g from leaf litter', 'kLeach', '%'); DeclP( decMlt, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, rtc, 'Decay multiplier', 'decMlt', '--'); DeclP( k1, 0.9804, 0.0, 10.0, rtc, 'Regression parameter', 'k1', '--'); DeclP( k2, 0.09352, 0.0, 1.0, rtc, 'Regression parameter', 'k2', '--'); DeclP( k3, -0.4956, -1.0, 1.0, rtc, 'Regression parameter', 'k3', '--'); DeclP( k4, 0.00193, 0.0, 1.0, rtc, 'Regression parameter', 'k4', '--'); DeclP( k5, 0.0079702, 0.0, 1.0, rtc, 'Regression parameter', 'k5', '--'); DeclP( k6, -1.3173E-4, -1.0, 0.0, rtc, 'Regression parameter', 'k6', '--'); DeclP( kNC, 0.005, 0.0, 0.1, rtc, 'N immobilized per unit weight loss', 'kNC', '--'); FOR i := MIN(Litter) TO MAX(Litter) DO DeclP( kInitN[i], kInitN[i], 0.0, 0.05, rtc, 'Initial nitrogen percentage', 'kInitN', '%/100'); DeclP( kCritN[i], kCritN[i], 0.0, 0.1, rtc, 'Critical N percentage', 'kCritN', '%/100'); END; END ModelObjects;
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Diss. ETH No. 10638 On the Ecology
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ii Table of contents A BSTRACT.....
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iv APPENDIX .......................
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vi Harald BUGMANN, 1994: On the eco
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viii Harald BUGMANN, 1994: Aspekte
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1 1 . Introduction 1.1 Climatic cha
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Introduction 3 1.2 Methods for the
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Introduction 5 in a changing climat
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Introduction 7 Their integrative ca
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Introduction 9 (1984) provides a mo
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Introduction 11 The main advantage
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13 2 . Analysis of existing forest
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Analysis of existing forest gap mod
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Analysis of existing forest gap mod
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Analysis of existing forest gap mod
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Analysis of existing forest gap mod
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Analysis of existing forest gap mod
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Analysis of existing forest gap mod
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The forest model FORCLIM 45 carbon
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The forest model FORCLIM 47 TREE GR
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The forest model FORCLIM 49 gBFlag
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The forest model FORCLIM 51 Disturb
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The forest model FORCLIM 53 decay o
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The forest model FORCLIM 55 the est
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The forest model FORCLIM 57 3.3 Mod
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The forest model FORCLIM 59 Light a
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The forest model FORCLIM 61 Overall
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The forest model FORCLIM 63 D (cm)
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The forest model FORCLIM 65 a) b) c
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The forest model FORCLIM 67 Growth
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The forest model FORCLIM 69 Stress-
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The forest model FORCLIM 71 Tab. 3.
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The forest model FORCLIM 73 3.3.2 F
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The forest model FORCLIM 75 where k
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The forest model FORCLIM 77 NITROGE
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The forest model FORCLIM 79 peratur
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The forest model FORCLIM 81 of degr
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The forest model FORCLIM 83 microcl
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The forest model FORCLIM 85 Tab. 3.
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The forest model FORCLIM 87 3.4.3 F
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The forest model FORCLIM 89 All the
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The forest model FORCLIM 91 The mas
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The forest model FORCLIM 93 FORCLIM
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Behaviour of FORCLIM along a transe
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Behaviour of FORCLIM along a transe
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Behaviour of FORCLIM along a transe
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Behaviour of FORCLIM along a transe
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Behaviour of FORCLIM along a transe
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Behaviour of FORCLIM along a transe
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Behaviour of FORCLIM along a transe
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Behaviour of FORCLIM along a transe
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Behaviour of FORCLIM along a transe
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Behaviour of FORCLIM along a transe
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Behaviour of FORCLIM along a transe
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Behaviour of FORCLIM along a transe
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Behaviour of FORCLIM along a transe
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Parameter sensitivity & model valid
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Parameter sensitivity & model valid
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Parameter sensitivity & model valid
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Parameter sensitivity & model valid
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Parameter sensitivity & model valid
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Parameter sensitivity & model valid
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Parameter sensitivity & model valid
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Parameter sensitivity & model valid
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Parameter sensitivity & model valid
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Parameter sensitivity & model valid
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Parameter sensitivity & model valid
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Parameter sensitivity & model valid
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Parameter sensitivity & model valid
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Parameter sensitivity & model valid
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Parameter sensitivity & model valid
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Parameter sensitivity & model valid
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153 6 . Model applications Climatic
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Model applications 155 The simulate
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Model applications 157 6.2 Possible
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Model applications 159 simulation s
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Model applications 161 Simulation e
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Model applications 163 At the site
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Model applications 165 Bever Biomas
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Model applications 167 tainty inher
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Model applications 169 scenario cho
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Discussion 171 Finally, the analysi
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Discussion 173 bitrarily chosen par
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Discussion 175 comparably small imp
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Discussion 177 end of the 21st cent
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Conclusions 179 Ecological factors
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Conclusions 181 species composition
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References 183 Begon, M., Harper, J
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References 185 Burger, H., 1951. Ho
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References 187 Faber, P.J., 1991. A
- Page 183 and 184: References 189 Huntley, B. & Birks,
- Page 185 and 186: References 191 Leemans, R. & Prenti
- Page 187 and 188: References 193 Olson, J.S., 1963. E
- Page 189 and 190: References 195 Rudloff, W., 1981. W
- Page 191 and 192: References 197 Smith, T.M., Leemans
- Page 193 and 194: References 199 Whittaker, R.H., 195
- Page 195 and 196: Appendix 201 II. Derivation of para
- Page 197 and 198: Appendix 203 Tab. A-4: Tree species
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- Page 207 and 208: Appendix 213 IV. Source code of the
- Page 209 and 210: Appendix 215 FROM SimBase IMPORT De
- Page 211 and 212: Appendix 217 END; (* IF *) prevDay
- Page 213 and 214: Appendix 219 PROCEDURE InitializeFW
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- Page 217 and 218: Appendix 223 FROM FCPFileIO IMPORT
- Page 219 and 220: Appendix 225 modelSp^.p.kHm := sens
- Page 221 and 222: Appendix 227 DeclMV( meanLitt[leafS
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- Page 227 and 228: Appendix 233 BEGIN WITH sp^ DO d :=
- Page 229 and 230: Appendix 235 Definition module FCPB
- Page 231 and 232: Appendix 237 Purpose Simulation mod
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- Page 237 and 238: Appendix 243 Purpose Provides the b
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- Page 243 and 244: Appendix 249 Tab. A-17: Percentage
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- Page 251 and 252: Appendix 257 Tab. A-22 (continued)