218 Appendix IF rTVect[Dec] < uWiT THEN uWiT := rTVect[Dec] END; END; END StochWea<strong>the</strong>rOutput; PROCEDURE Term<strong>in</strong>ate; BEGIN IF ( (CurrentSimNr() MOD TRUNC(exp.nrRuns+0.5)) = 0 ) AND ExperimentRunn<strong>in</strong>g() AND (exp.type = manyRuns) THEN DisplayStatArrays; END; EnableCommand( fMenu, chooseEnvCmd ); END Term<strong>in</strong>ate; PROCEDURE DeclareDDCorrectionTabF; VAR T, corrDD: ARRAY [0..11] OF REAL; BEGIN T[0] := -20.0; corrDD[0] := 0.0; T[1] := -10.0; corrDD[1] := 0.0; T[2] := -5.0; corrDD[2] := 1.28; T[3] := -2.5; corrDD[3] := 3.3; T[4] := 0.0; corrDD[4] := 8.52; T[5] := 2.5; corrDD[5] := 22.02; T[6] := 5.24; corrDD[6] := 62.56; T[7] := 7.5; corrDD[7] := 39.0; T[8] := 10.0; corrDD[8] := 23.12; T[9] := 12.5; corrDD[9] := 13.71; T[10]:= 16.11; corrDD[10]:= 6.45; T[11]:= 17.5; corrDD[11]:= 9.76; DeclTabF( corrDDTab, T, corrDD, 12, FALSE, "DD correction", "T", "corr", "T", "corr", -20.0, 30.0, 0.0, 70.0); END DeclareDDCorrectionTabF; PROCEDURE DeclStochWea<strong>the</strong>rObjects; VAR i: INTEGER; BEGIN DeclMV( uAET, 0.0, 1000.0, "Actual evapotranspiration", "uAET" , "mm/y", not<strong>On</strong>File, writeInTable, notInGraph); DeclMV( uPET, 0.0, 1000.0, "Potential evapotranspiration", "uPET" , "mm/y", not<strong>On</strong>File, notInTable, notInGraph); DeclMV( uDD, 0.0, 3000.0, "Degree-days", "uDD" , "d*°C", not<strong>On</strong>File, writeInTable, notInGraph); DeclMV( uWiT, -30.0, 30.0, "W<strong>in</strong>ter temperature", "uWiT" , "°C", not<strong>On</strong>File, writeInTable, notInGraph); DeclMV( uDrStr, 0.0, 1.0, "Drought stress", "uDrStr" , "--", not<strong>On</strong>File, writeInTable, notInGraph); DeclMV( meanAET, 0.0, 1000.0, "Average AET", "meanAET" , "mm/y", not<strong>On</strong>File, notInTable, notInGraph); DeclMV( meanDD, 0.0, 3000.0, "Average degree-days", "meanDD" , "d*°C", not<strong>On</strong>File, notInTable, notInGraph); DeclMV( meanWiT, 0.0, 1.0, "Average w<strong>in</strong>ter temperature", "meanWiT" , "°C", not<strong>On</strong>File, notInTable, notInGraph); DeclMV( meanDrStr, 0.0, 1.0, "Average drought stress", "meanDrStr" , "--", not<strong>On</strong>File, notInTable, notInGraph); DeclSoilMoistureParameters; RemoveAllWea<strong>the</strong>rTabFuncs; DeclareDDCorrectionTabF; FOR i:= 1 TO 20 DO time[i] := FLOAT(i)*50.0; modifier[i] := 0.0 END; DeclTabF( tSuTab, time, modifier, 20, TRUE, "Summer T", "Year", "∆ (°C)", "year", "°C", 0.0, 5000.0, -10.0, 10.0); DeclTabF( tWiTab, time, modifier, 20, TRUE, "W<strong>in</strong>ter T", "Year", "∆ (°C)", "year", "°C", 0.0, 5000.0, -10.0, 10.0); DeclTabF( pSuTab, time, modifier, 20, TRUE, "Summer P", "Year", "∆ (cm/month)", "year", "cm/month", 0.0, 5000.0, -5.0, 5.0); DeclTabF( pWiTab, time, modifier, 20, TRUE, "W<strong>in</strong>ter P", "Year", "∆ (cm/month)", "year", "cm/month", 0.0, 5000.0, -5.0, 5.0); FOR i:= 1 TO 20 DO modifier[i] := 1.0 END; DeclTabF( tSDSuTab, time, modifier, 20, TRUE, "Summer SD(T)", "Year", "Mult", "year", "--", 0.0, 5000.0, 0.5, 2.0); DeclTabF( tSDWiTab, time, modifier, 20, TRUE, "W<strong>in</strong>ter SD(T)", "Year", "Mult", "year", "--", 0.0, 5000.0, 0.5, 2.0); DeclTabF( pSDSuTab, time, modifier, 20, TRUE, "Summer SD(P)", "Year", "Mult", "year", "--", 0.0, 5000.0, 0.5, 2.0); DeclTabF( pSDWiTab, time, modifier, 20, TRUE, "W<strong>in</strong>ter SD(P)", "Year", "Mult", "year", "--", 0.0, 5000.0, 0.5, 2.0); declEMod := stochE; END DeclStochWea<strong>the</strong>rObjects; PROCEDURE DeclStochEnvModel; BEGIN DeclM(fe, discreteTime, Initialize, NoInput, StochWea<strong>the</strong>rOutput, NoDynamic, Term<strong>in</strong>ate, DeclStochWea<strong>the</strong>rObjects, modDescrStoch, modIdent, NoAbout); DeclMonitor<strong>in</strong>gProc( Monitor<strong>in</strong>g ); END DeclStochEnvModel; PROCEDURE SkipFileHeader; VAR ch: CHAR; BEGIN ReadChar( <strong>in</strong>F, ch ); WHILE NOT EOF(<strong>in</strong>F) AND (chEOL) DO ReadChar( <strong>in</strong>F, ch ) END; ReadChar( <strong>in</strong>F, ch ); WHILE NOT EOF(<strong>in</strong>F) AND (chEOL) DO ReadChar( <strong>in</strong>F, ch ) END; END SkipFileHeader; (* Wea<strong>the</strong>r data from file *) (****************************)
Appendix 219 PROCEDURE InitializeFWM; BEGIN DisableCommand( fMenu, chooseEnvCmd ); currWater := site.kFC; (* <strong>in</strong>itial conditions <strong>in</strong> January <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> first year *) IF site.kSlAsp > 0.0 THEN kPMod := 1.0 + site.kSlAsp*0.125; ELSE kPMod := 1.0 + site.kSlAsp*0.063; END; Lookup( <strong>in</strong>F, fileName, FALSE ); SkipFileHeader; END InitializeFWM; PROCEDURE FileWea<strong>the</strong>rOutput; VAR t: REAL; i: Month; PROCEDURE GetWea<strong>the</strong>rDataFromFile; BEGIN GetReal( <strong>in</strong>F, t ); FOR i:= Jan TO Dec DO GetReal( <strong>in</strong>F, rTVect[i] ); END; FOR i:= Jan TO Dec DO GetReal( <strong>in</strong>F, rPVect[i] ); END; SkipGap( <strong>in</strong>F ); IF EOF(<strong>in</strong>F) THEN Reset( <strong>in</strong>F ); SkipFileHeader; END; (* IF *) END GetWea<strong>the</strong>rDataFromFile; BEGIN GetWea<strong>the</strong>rDataFromFile; DegreeDays( uDD, rTVect ); SoilMoisture( uDrStr, uAET, rTVect, rPVect ); uWiT := rTVect[Jan]; IF rTVect[Feb] < uWiT THEN uWiT := rTVect[Feb] END; IF rTVect[Dec] < uWiT THEN uWiT := rTVect[Dec] END; END FileWea<strong>the</strong>rOutput; PROCEDURE Term<strong>in</strong>ateFWM; BEGIN Close( <strong>in</strong>F ); EnableCommand( fMenu, chooseEnvCmd ); END Term<strong>in</strong>ateFWM; PROCEDURE DeclFileWea<strong>the</strong>rObjects; BEGIN RemoveAllWea<strong>the</strong>rTabFuncs; DeclareDDCorrectionTabF; DeclMV( uDD, 0.0, 2500.0, "Degree-days", "uDD" , "d*°C", not<strong>On</strong>File, writeInTable, notInGraph); DeclMV( uDrStr, 0.0, 1.0, "Drought stress", "uDrStr" , "-", not<strong>On</strong>File, writeInTable, notInGraph); DeclMV( uWiT, -30.0, 30.0, "W<strong>in</strong>ter temperature", "uWiT" , "°C", not<strong>On</strong>File, writeInTable, notInGraph); DeclSoilMoistureParameters; declEMod := fileW; END DeclFileWea<strong>the</strong>rObjects; PROCEDURE DeclFileWea<strong>the</strong>rModel; BEGIN IF declEMod = stochE THEN RemoveMonitor<strong>in</strong>gProc( Monitor<strong>in</strong>g ); END; DeclM(fe, discreteTime, InitializeFWM, NoInput, FileWea<strong>the</strong>rOutput, NoDynamic, Term<strong>in</strong>ateFWM, DeclFileWea<strong>the</strong>rObjects, modDescrFileW, modIdent, NoAbout); END DeclFileWea<strong>the</strong>rModel; (* Bioclimatic data from file *) (********************************) PROCEDURE TestTheBioclimaticFile( VAR allOK: BOOLEAN ); VAR x: REAL; i: INTEGER; PROCEDURE TestNum; BEGIN IF NOT legalNum AND allOK THEN allOK := FALSE; Warn( "The file you specified conta<strong>in</strong>s illegal numbers!", "The stochastic environment model will be declared <strong>in</strong>stead", "" ); END; END TestNum; BEGIN allOK := (<strong>in</strong>F.res = done); IF allOK THEN SkipFileHeader; WHILE NOT EOF(<strong>in</strong>F) DO FOR i:= 1 TO 4 DO GetReal( <strong>in</strong>F, x ); TestNum END; SkipGap( <strong>in</strong>F ); END; (* WHILE *) ELSE Warn( "The file you specified could not be found or opened!", "The stochastic environment model will be declared <strong>in</strong>stead", "" ); END; (* IF *) END TestTheBioclimaticFile;
- Page 1:
Diss. ETH No. 10638 On the Ecology
- Page 4 and 5:
ii Table of contents A BSTRACT.....
- Page 6 and 7:
iv APPENDIX .......................
- Page 8 and 9:
vi Harald BUGMANN, 1994: On the eco
- Page 10 and 11:
viii Harald BUGMANN, 1994: Aspekte
- Page 13 and 14:
1 1 . Introduction 1.1 Climatic cha
- Page 15 and 16:
Introduction 3 1.2 Methods for the
- Page 17 and 18:
Introduction 5 in a changing climat
- Page 19 and 20:
Introduction 7 Their integrative ca
- Page 21 and 22:
Introduction 9 (1984) provides a mo
- Page 23 and 24:
Introduction 11 The main advantage
- Page 25 and 26:
13 2 . Analysis of existing forest
- Page 27 and 28:
Analysis of existing forest gap mod
- Page 29 and 30:
Analysis of existing forest gap mod
- Page 31 and 32:
Analysis of existing forest gap mod
- Page 33 and 34:
Analysis of existing forest gap mod
- Page 35 and 36:
Analysis of existing forest gap mod
- Page 37 and 38:
Analysis of existing forest gap mod
- Page 39 and 40:
The forest model FORCLIM 45 carbon
- Page 41 and 42:
The forest model FORCLIM 47 TREE GR
- Page 43 and 44:
The forest model FORCLIM 49 gBFlag
- Page 45 and 46:
The forest model FORCLIM 51 Disturb
- Page 47 and 48:
The forest model FORCLIM 53 decay o
- Page 49 and 50:
The forest model FORCLIM 55 the est
- Page 51 and 52:
The forest model FORCLIM 57 3.3 Mod
- Page 53 and 54:
The forest model FORCLIM 59 Light a
- Page 55 and 56:
The forest model FORCLIM 61 Overall
- Page 57 and 58:
The forest model FORCLIM 63 D (cm)
- Page 59 and 60:
The forest model FORCLIM 65 a) b) c
- Page 61 and 62:
The forest model FORCLIM 67 Growth
- Page 63 and 64:
The forest model FORCLIM 69 Stress-
- Page 65 and 66:
The forest model FORCLIM 71 Tab. 3.
- Page 67 and 68:
The forest model FORCLIM 73 3.3.2 F
- Page 69 and 70:
The forest model FORCLIM 75 where k
- Page 71 and 72:
The forest model FORCLIM 77 NITROGE
- Page 73 and 74:
The forest model FORCLIM 79 peratur
- Page 75 and 76:
The forest model FORCLIM 81 of degr
- Page 77 and 78:
The forest model FORCLIM 83 microcl
- Page 79 and 80:
The forest model FORCLIM 85 Tab. 3.
- Page 81 and 82:
The forest model FORCLIM 87 3.4.3 F
- Page 83 and 84:
The forest model FORCLIM 89 All the
- Page 85 and 86:
The forest model FORCLIM 91 The mas
- Page 87 and 88:
The forest model FORCLIM 93 FORCLIM
- Page 89 and 90:
Behaviour of FORCLIM along a transe
- Page 91 and 92:
Behaviour of FORCLIM along a transe
- Page 93 and 94:
Behaviour of FORCLIM along a transe
- Page 95 and 96:
Behaviour of FORCLIM along a transe
- Page 97 and 98:
Behaviour of FORCLIM along a transe
- Page 99 and 100:
Behaviour of FORCLIM along a transe
- Page 101 and 102:
Behaviour of FORCLIM along a transe
- Page 103 and 104:
Behaviour of FORCLIM along a transe
- Page 105 and 106:
Behaviour of FORCLIM along a transe
- Page 107 and 108:
Behaviour of FORCLIM along a transe
- Page 109 and 110:
Behaviour of FORCLIM along a transe
- Page 111 and 112:
Behaviour of FORCLIM along a transe
- Page 113 and 114:
Behaviour of FORCLIM along a transe
- Page 115 and 116:
Parameter sensitivity & model valid
- Page 117 and 118:
Parameter sensitivity & model valid
- Page 119 and 120:
Parameter sensitivity & model valid
- Page 121 and 122:
Parameter sensitivity & model valid
- Page 123 and 124:
Parameter sensitivity & model valid
- Page 125 and 126:
Parameter sensitivity & model valid
- Page 127 and 128:
Parameter sensitivity & model valid
- Page 129 and 130:
Parameter sensitivity & model valid
- Page 131 and 132:
Parameter sensitivity & model valid
- Page 133 and 134:
Parameter sensitivity & model valid
- Page 135 and 136:
Parameter sensitivity & model valid
- Page 137 and 138:
Parameter sensitivity & model valid
- Page 139 and 140:
Parameter sensitivity & model valid
- Page 141 and 142:
Parameter sensitivity & model valid
- Page 143 and 144:
Parameter sensitivity & model valid
- Page 145 and 146:
Parameter sensitivity & model valid
- Page 147 and 148:
153 6 . Model applications Climatic
- Page 149 and 150:
Model applications 155 The simulate
- Page 151 and 152:
Model applications 157 6.2 Possible
- Page 153 and 154:
Model applications 159 simulation s
- Page 155 and 156:
Model applications 161 Simulation e
- Page 157 and 158:
Model applications 163 At the site
- Page 159 and 160:
Model applications 165 Bever Biomas
- Page 161 and 162: Model applications 167 tainty inher
- Page 163 and 164: Model applications 169 scenario cho
- Page 165 and 166: Discussion 171 Finally, the analysi
- Page 167 and 168: Discussion 173 bitrarily chosen par
- Page 169 and 170: Discussion 175 comparably small imp
- Page 171 and 172: Discussion 177 end of the 21st cent
- Page 173 and 174: Conclusions 179 Ecological factors
- Page 175 and 176: Conclusions 181 species composition
- Page 177 and 178: References 183 Begon, M., Harper, J
- Page 179 and 180: References 185 Burger, H., 1951. Ho
- Page 181 and 182: References 187 Faber, P.J., 1991. A
- Page 183 and 184: References 189 Huntley, B. & Birks,
- Page 185 and 186: References 191 Leemans, R. & Prenti
- Page 187 and 188: References 193 Olson, J.S., 1963. E
- Page 189 and 190: References 195 Rudloff, W., 1981. W
- Page 191 and 192: References 197 Smith, T.M., Leemans
- Page 193 and 194: References 199 Whittaker, R.H., 195
- Page 195 and 196: Appendix 201 II. Derivation of para
- Page 197 and 198: Appendix 203 Tab. A-4: Tree species
- Page 199 and 200: Appendix 205 Tab. A-7: Values for m
- Page 201 and 202: Appendix 207 The minimum winter tem
- Page 203 and 204: Appendix 209 Tab. A-11: Shade toler
- Page 205 and 206: Appendix 211 Tab. A-14: Climatic pa
- Page 207 and 208: Appendix 213 IV. Source code of the
- Page 209 and 210: Appendix 215 FROM SimBase IMPORT De
- Page 211: Appendix 217 END; (* IF *) prevDay
- Page 215 and 216: Appendix 221 InstallSeparator( fMen
- Page 217 and 218: Appendix 223 FROM FCPFileIO IMPORT
- Page 219 and 220: Appendix 225 modelSp^.p.kHm := sens
- Page 221 and 222: Appendix 227 DeclMV( meanLitt[leafS
- Page 223 and 224: Appendix 229 Swiss Federal Institut
- Page 225 and 226: Appendix 231 (*********************
- Page 227 and 228: Appendix 233 BEGIN WITH sp^ DO d :=
- Page 229 and 230: Appendix 235 Definition module FCPB
- Page 231 and 232: Appendix 237 Purpose Simulation mod
- Page 233 and 234: Appendix 239 END Immobilization; PR
- Page 235 and 236: Appendix 241 CONST lem = 3; VAR ef:
- Page 237 and 238: Appendix 243 Purpose Provides the b
- Page 239 and 240: Appendix 245 Example of a text file
- Page 241 and 242: Appendix 247 Tab. A-15: Lower end o
- Page 243 and 244: Appendix 249 Tab. A-17: Percentage
- Page 245 and 246: Appendix 251 Tab. A-19: Significant
- Page 247 and 248: Appendix 253 VI. Derivation of para
- Page 249 and 250: Appendix 255 Tab. A-21: Species-spe
- Page 251 and 252: Appendix 257 Tab. A-22 (continued)