On the Ecology of Mountainous Forests in a Changing Climate: A ...

References 197
Smith, T.M., Leemans, R. & Shugart, H.H., 1992. Sensitivity of terrestrial carbon storage to CO 2 -
induced climate change: Comparison of four scenarios based on general circulation models. Clim.
Change, 21: 367-384.
Smith, T.M., Shugart, H.H., Urban, D.L., Lauenroth, W.K., Coffin, D.P. & Kirchner, T.B., 1989.
Modeling vegetation across biomes: forest-grassland transition. In: Sjögren, E. (ed.), Forests of
the world: diversity and dynamics. Studies in Plant Ecology, 18: 240-241.
Sollins, P., Reichle, D.E. & Olson, J.S., 1973. Organic matter budget and model for a southern
Appalachian Liriodendron forest. Eastern Deciduous Forest Biome/IBP Publication No. 73/2.
Sollins, Ph., Harris, W.F. & Edwards, N.T., 1976. Simulating the physiology of a temperate deciduous
forest. In: Patten, B.C. (ed.), Systems analysis and simulation in ecology, Vol. 4. Academic
Press, New York a.o., 173-218.
Sollins, P., Goldstein, R.A., Mankin, J.B., Murphy, C.E. & Swartzman, G.L., 1981. Analysis of forest
growth and water balance using complex ecosystem models. In: Reichle, D.E. (ed.), Dynamic
properties of forest ecosystems. IBP publication no. 23, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge
a.o., 537-565.
Solomon, A.M., 1986. Transient response of forests to CO 2 -induced climate change: simulation
modeling experiments in eastern North America. Oecologia, 68: 567-579.
Solomon, A.M. & Bartlein, P.J., 1993. Past and future climate change: response by mixed deciduousconiferous
forest ecosystems in northern Michigan. Can. J. For. Res., 22: 1727-1738.
Solomon, A.M. & Tharp, M.L., 1985. Simulation experiments with late quaternary carbon storage in
mid-latitude forest communities. In: Sundquist, E.T. & Broecker, W.S. (eds.), The carbon cycle
and atmospheric CO 2 : natural variations archean to present. American Geophysical Union,
Washington D.C. Geophysical Monograph Vol. 32, 235-250.
Solomon, A.M. & West, D.C., 1987. Simulating forest ecosystem responses to expected climate change
in eastern North America: Applications to decision making in the forest industry. In: Shands,
W.E. & Hoffmann, J.S. (eds.), The greenhouse effect, climate change, and U.S. Forests. The
Conservation Foundation, Washington, 189-217.
Solomon, A.M. & Shugart, H.H. (eds.), 1993. Vegetation dynamics and global change. Chapman &
Hall, New York & London, 338 pp.
Solomon, A.M., West, D.C. & Solomon, J.A., 1981. Simulating the role of climate change and species
immigration in forest succession. In: West, D.C., Shugart, H.H. & Botkin, D.B. (eds.), Forest
succession: concepts and application, Springer, New York a.o., 154-177.
Solomon, A.M., Delcourt, H.R., West, D.C. & Blasing, T.J., 1980. Testing a simulation model for
reconstruction of prehistoric forest-stand dynamics. Quat. Res., 14: 275-293.
Solomon, A.M., Tharp, M.L., West, D.C., Taylot, G.E., Webb, J.W. & Trimble, J.L., 1984. Response
of unmanaged forests to CO 2 -induced climate change: Available information, initial tests and
data requirements. DOE/NBB-0053, National Technical Information Service, U.S. Dept. Comm.,
Springfield, Virginia, 93 pp.
Steffen, W.L., Walker, B.H., Ingram, J.S. & Koch, G.W. (eds.), 1992. Global change and terrestrial
ecosystems: The operational plan. IGBP Report No. 21, Stockholm, 95 pp.
Stevens, G.C. & Fox, J.F., 1991. The causes of treeline. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 22: 177-191.
Strain, B.R. & Cure, D. (eds.), 1985. Direct effects of increasing carbon dioxide on vegetation. U.S.
Dept. of Energy, DO/ER-0238, Washington, 286 pp.
Swartzman, G.L., 1979. Simulation modeling of material and energy flow through an ecosystem:
methods and documentation. Ecol. Modelling, 7: 55-81.
Swartzman, G.L. & Kaluzny, S.P., 1987. Ecological simulation primer. Macmillan, New York,
370 pp.