Induced Plant Responses to Herbivory - Terrestrial Systems Ecology

344 KARBAN & MYERS
Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 1989.20:331-348. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org
by ETH- Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich - BIBLIOTHEK on 03/29/11. For personal use only.
particular herbivore and to defend the plant against that herbivore, we should
not conclude that it evolved in response to that herbivore. Plants are affected
by many different selective pressures; thus, limiting our consideration to a
single herbivore at one point in time is likely to be misleading.
The speed with which the study of induced changes in plant quality has
progressed from the "simple understanding" phase to the "chaos of variation"
phase and is now entering the "patterns of variation" phase is due both to
initially stimulating ideas and to efforts of a large number of researchers. In
the future we should concentrate our efforts toward (a) understanding the
mechanisms of induced responses, (b) understanding the consequences of
induced resistance on populations of herbivores, and (c) applying what we
learn about induced resistance and defense to protecting agricultural crops
(60, 55). Continued progress in each of these directions will be most rapid if
we can maintain a broad perspective and consider a wide variety of nonexclusive
hypotheses.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This research has been supported by grants from NSF and USDA to R.
Karban and grants from NSERC to J. H. Myers. Joy Bergelson, Alison
Brody, John Bryant, Greg English-Loeb, Murray Isman, and Bill Morris
made useful comments on the manuscript.
Literature Cited
I. Akazawa, T., Uritani, 1., Kubota, H.
1960. Isolation of ipomearamone and
two coumarin derivatives from sweet
potato roots injured by the weevil, Cylas
formicarius elegantulus. Arch.
Biochem. Biophys. 88:150-56
2. Baldwin,1. T. 1988. The alkaloidal responses
of wild tobacco to real and simulated
herbivory. Oecologia 77:378-381
3. Baldwin, 1. T. 1990. Damage-induced
alkaloids in wild tobacco. See Ref. 84.
In press
4. Baldwin, I. T. , Schultz, J. C. 1983.
Rapid changes in tree leaf chemistry induced
by damage: evidence for communication
between plants. Science 221:
227-79
5. Baltensweiler, W. 1985. On the extent
and the mechanisms of the outbreaks of
the larch bud moth (Zeiraphera diniana
Gn., Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) and its
impact on the subalpine larch-cembran
pine forest ecosystem. In Establishment
and Tending of Subalpine Forest: Research
and Management, ed. H. Turner,
W. Tranquillini, pp. 215-219 Proc. 3rd
IUFRO Workshop Birmensdorf, Switzerland
6. Baltensweiler, W. , Benz, G. , Bovey,
P., Delucchi, V. 1977. Dynamics of
larch bud moth populations. Annu. Rev.
Entomol. 22:79-100
7. Benz, G. 1974. Negative Ruckkoppelung
durch Raum- und Nahrungskonkurrenz
sowie zyklische Veranderungen der
Nahrungsgrandlage als Regelprinzip in
der Populations-dynamik des Grauen
Larchenwicklers, Zeiraphera diniana
(Guenee) (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). Z.
Angew. Entomol. 76: 196--228
8. Benz, G. 1977. Insect induced resistance
as a means of self defence of
plants. In EUCA RPlA flOBC Working
Group Breeding for Resistance to Insects
and Mites (B ulletin SROP 1977),
pp. 155-59
9. Bergelson, J., Fowler, S., Hartley, S.
1986. The effects of foliage damage on
casebearing moth larvae, Coleophora
serratella, feeding on birch. Ecol. Entomol.
11:241-250
10. Broadway, R. M., Duffey, S. S.,
Pearce, G. , Ryan, C. A. 1986. Plant
proteinase inhibitors: a defense against
herbivorous insects? Entomol. Exp.
Appl. 41:33--38