Systems Analysis of Zaragoza Urban Water - SWITCH - Managing ...
Systems Analysis of Zaragoza Urban Water - SWITCH - Managing ...
Systems Analysis of Zaragoza Urban Water - SWITCH - Managing ...
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<strong>Systems</strong> <strong>Analysis</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Zaragoza</strong> UWS<br />
Guillermo Penagos<br />
16%<br />
21%<br />
6%<br />
Coal<br />
Hydropower<br />
Combined cycles<br />
Eolic<br />
Nuclear<br />
23%<br />
34%<br />
Figure 20. Composition <strong>of</strong> electric power production market in Spain projected by 2015<br />
by National Plan on Energy (Source: Ministerio de Industria, Turismo y Comercio de<br />
España, 2007)<br />
• Infrastructure ageing is one <strong>of</strong> the most important limitations for <strong>Zaragoza</strong><br />
UWS, moreover when water efficiency use is considered. However this<br />
upgrading has been taking place during the last decade and it is planned to<br />
continue during the years to come.<br />
4.4.1.4 More important – more uncertain<br />
• Spain is a country with problems <strong>of</strong> water stress. In addition to this, the<br />
Aragon valley is the driest region in Europe, as it was already mentioned.<br />
Therefore the effect <strong>of</strong> climate change upon the water resources is a major<br />
issue and this may threaten the quantity and the quality <strong>of</strong> the water required<br />
by <strong>Zaragoza</strong> in the future. In addition to this, the environmental impacts <strong>of</strong> the<br />
city upon the Ebro River downstream will be also dependent on the river<br />
discharges, which will also be affected by climate change.<br />
• Upstream water use is a major issue for <strong>Zaragoza</strong> since it can exacerbate the<br />
effects <strong>of</strong> climate change upon water quantity and quality. Additionally, as it<br />
was described previously, excess water for irrigation upstream from <strong>Zaragoza</strong><br />
is responsible for recharging city’s groundwater, which accounts for the 23%<br />
<strong>of</strong> current water requirements.<br />
46