Systems Analysis of Zaragoza Urban Water - SWITCH - Managing ...

Systems Analysis of Zaragoza UWS
Guillermo Penagos
Table of Contents
Abstract 3
Acknowledgements 3
Table of contents 4
List of figures 5
List of tables 6
List of annexes 6
Abbreviations 7
1. Introduction 8
2. Background 9
3 Materials and Methods 15
3.1 Study site 15
3.2 General Approach 16
3.2.1 Developing flow diagram 17
3.2.2 Time horizon 17
3.2.3 Data collection 17
3.2.4 Data analysis 18
3.2.4.1 Storm water 18
3.2.4.2 Energy consumption and CO 2 emissions from transportation 18
3.2.4.3 CO 2 Emissions from electricity consumption 19
3.2.4.4 CO 2 production from sludge 19
3.2.5 Scenario analysis 19
4 Results 20
4.1 Data availability and information gaps 20
4.2 . General features of Zaragoza UWS 20
4.2.1 Water inputs 23
4.2.1.1 Tap water source 23
4.2.1.2 Storm water 24
4.2.1.3 Agriculture irrigation systems 25
4.2.1.4 Ground water 26
4.2.2 Drinking water treatment 26
4.2.3 Distribution network 27
4.2.4 Water use 28
4.2.5 Sewer system 30
4.2.6 Wastewater treatment 31
4.3 Environmental performance of Zaragoza UWS 32
4.3.1 Use of chemical products 32
4.3.2 Energy consumption and Atmospheric emissions 34
4.3.3 Heavy metals 37
4.3.4 Organic matter 38
4.3.5 Nutrients 38
4.3.6 Sludge production 42
4.4 Zaragoza UWS in the future 42
4.4.1 Focus problem and drivers affecting Zaragoza sustainability vision 43
4.4.1 Criteria for classification of drivers 44
4.4.1.1 Less important – less uncertain 44
4.4.1.2 Less important – more uncertain 45
4.4.1.3 More important – less uncertain 45
4.4.1.4 More important – more uncertain 46
4.4.3 Scenario analysis 47
4.4.3.1 Setting Scenario 47
4.4.3.2 Assumptions for Scenario analysis 47
4.4.3.3 Suggested strategy: Industrial water recycling 48
4.4.3.3.1 Effect of water recycling on water withdrawal 48
4.4.3.3.2 Effect of water recycling on chemical products consumption 49
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