Wyler Technical Document - Swiss Instruments Ltd

INTRODUCTION
to
INCLINATION MEASUREMENT
Introduction in INCLINATION MEASUREMENT

Possible applications with inclination measuring instruments
t
STRAIGHTNESS
GERADHEIT
INCLINATION
NEIGUNG
RECTANGULARITY
RECHTWINKLIGKEIT
PARALLELISM
PARALLELITÄT
FLATNESS
EBENHEIT
MONITORING
ÜBERWACHUNG
Applications

Vials
Precision Spirit Levels for small angles
0
180
Vials / CLINOMETER
Adjustable Precision Spirit Levels for angles
up to 360 degrees (CLINOMETERS)
Capacitive systems
Analogue systems
MINILEVEL / LEVELTRONIC / LEVELMATIC
Digital systems
ZEROTRONIC / CLINOTRONIC
C 1 C 2
Inductive systeme with pendulums
Inductive systeme with pendulums
Analogue systems
NIVELTRONIC
Digital systems
ZEROMATIC 50
Grundsysteme

Vial for a standard precision spirit level
Ground vial for precision spirit levels
radius = 5 ... 200 meter
R
Bent vial (low cost version)
radius = 0.5 ... 1 Meter
R
VIALS

Precision Spirit Levels WYLER
Horizontal Spirit Level
Precision Spirit Level
with magnetic inserts
Precision Frame Spirit Level
Clinometer 80
0 ... 360°
Spirit Levels I

NEW!!! Precision Spirit Levels WYLER „SPIRIT“
Most important advantages of the
new concept:
1. Simple adjustment system
2. Excellent view on the vial
3. Modern design
4. Fully in compliance to
DIN standards
5. Stability of twist to +/- 5 degrees
6. Comfortable handling due to
the use of natural material
Spirit Levels II „SPIRIT“

Most common units used in inclination measurement/
description of an angle
α
Basis length
1m x 1000 = 1km
Height H= 1µm
x 1000
= 1mm
1. Angle α, e.g. in xx°xx‘xx‘‘ or in mRad
2. Height h refering to a basis length, e.g. mm/m or µm/m
Example: 1µm/m = 1mm/km
mm / m ?

Most common units used in inclination measurement
XX° XX'
XX' XX''
XX , X µm/m
XXX mRad
Degrees and Arcmin
Arcmin and Arcsec
1 µm equivalent to 1/1'000'000 m
1 mRad equivalent to 206,26 Arcsec
1 Rad is equivalent to 57,29 °
1 mRad is equivalent to 206,26 26 Arcsec
1 Degree is equivalent to approx. 17,45 mm/m or 17,45 mRad
1 Arcsec is equivalent to approx. 4,85 µm/m
Display Minilevel "classic" in digits equivalent to µm/m
Display Minilevel "NT" in units like mm/m and Arcsec
Units for +CLINO PLUS+ / CLINO 2000
XX° XX'
X,XXXX°
XX,XX°
XX'XX''
XX,XX mm/m
,XXXX mm/m
XX,XX mRad
UNITS

Electronic inclination measurement in general
Purpose of the instrument:
Transformation of a mechanically measured value into an electronic signal
Existing Systems
Inductive Systems (Niveltronic)
Capacitive Systems (Minilevel, Leveltronic, Zerotronic, Clinotronic)
Resistive Systems (e.g. by means of vials based on electrolysis)
Laser
Capacitive Sensors:
An inclination of 1 μm/m causes a pendulum movement of 10 up to 20 nm
Thickness of a hair
approx. 50 up to 70 μm/m
(Measuring the thickness of a hair as an excercise)
Basics

Exercise
,044 ,430
"diameter of a hair"
ØHair ?
Instrument: Minilevel 1µm/m
Base length: 150mm
140mm
Heigth H = (+430 - +044) x sensitivity
H
Diameter hair ?
140mm
1000mm
Diameter of a hair D H :
Diameter hair D H =
(value 2 - value 1) x sens. instrument x distance “base ... hair”
base length 1000 mm
Diameter hair D H =
(+430 - +044) x 1 µm/m x 140 mm = 54 µm
base length 1000 mm
Hair

Electronic Inclinometers WYLER
Summary of
Electronic Inclinometers
Overview el.
instruments

Analogue and digital measuring systems
Analogue measuring system
Digital measuring system
Measuring value:
Voltage
Output
in mV / unit (digit)
Measuring value :
Frequency
Output
frequencies f1 and f2
Format RS485
MINILEVEL „classic“
LEVELTRONIC „classic“
NIVELTRONIC
LEVELMATIC
MINILEVEL „NT“
LEVELTRONIC „NT
CLINOTRONIC 15
CLINO 2000
ZEROTRONIC
analogue / digital

Sine, tangent and arcus
in accordance with angles
tg α
α
arc α
Important:
t
1 µRad = 1 µm/m
is valid for small angles only
sin α
sin α tg α arc α
α = 0,5° 0,00872660087266 0,00872690087269 0,00872660087266
α = 45° 0,70711 1,00 0,78540
Einheitskreis

Linearity
Sensitivity
Angle
mechanical
input
20µm/m
10µm/m
Measured
characteristic
5µm/m
Nominal
characteristic
maximum
error of linearity
1µm/m
Angle
DIN 2276
Measured value below half the measuring range
Maximum error 1% of the measured value,
at least 0,05% of the measuring range
Output
(mV, digits, ...)
For measured values above half the measuring
range
Maximum error f max = 0,01 (2 x I M v I - 0,5 x M r )
Linearity

Part 2
Inclination measuring instruments
t
of
analogue (and digital)
technique
Analogue Systems / TITEL

NIVELTRONIC 50
Range II: +/- 0.150 mm/m
Range I: +/- 0.750 mm/m
Excellent zero point stability
Measuring priciple:
Pendulum with inductive
probe system
induktiver
Messtaster
L1 L2
U1 U2
Niveltronic

Analogue measuring priciple
t
6Vpp2,9kHz
Amplifier Rectifier Integrator
U a
U g
U out
t
U 1 U 2
-2...0...+2 V DC
Ua Ug Uout
Pendulum closer to C L
Ua Ug Uout
Pendulum in neutral position
Ua Ug Uout
Pendulum closer to C R
Prinzip I

Analogue / digital measuring principle
U1
t
Amplifier Rectifier Integrator
U2
4 Vpp 2.9kHz
t
U 1 U 2
Ua
U g
U out
-2...0...+2 V DC
Ua Ug Uout
A
D
U out
RS 485
Pendulum closer to C L
Ua Ug Uout
Pendulum in neutral position
Ua
Ug
Uout
Pendulum closer to C R
Prinzip II ML/LT NT

Form of the pendulum
Variables depending on
the measuring range
- Thickness of pendulum
50 ... 100μm
- Angle of spiral
300 ... 630°
e.g. Pendulum with 420°
Form Pendulum

Movement of the pendulum depending on the angle
Z
X = Gravitation of pendulum
Y = sin α x X
Z = movement of pendulum
Y
α X
Sine of angle in a range
from 0... 45 degrees
0,0030
0,0015
(Z)
sin α
1,0
0,8
0,6
0,4
(Z)
sin α
0,2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Arcmin
Sine of angle in a range
degrees
from 0...10 Arcmin
Pendelauslenkung

Movement of the pendulum depending on the angle
Z
α X
X = Gravitation of pendulum
Y = sin α x X
Z = movement of pendulum
Y
Movement of the pendulum
in direction Y
e.g. Minilevel A10:
For an inclination of
1µm/m ... 10 nm
Pendelauslenkung II

Reversal Measurement
Zero Point deviation
of the instrument
Interpretation of the results:
Inclination of the measured
surface in direction X
Measurement A Measurement B
N=(A+B)/2
N=(A - B) / 2
The Zero Point deviation
is +3 equivalentto,3digits
to N=[(+3) + (+3)] / 2 = +3
The surface is absolutely
horizontal
L = [(+3) - (+3)] / 2 = 0
The instrument has no
Zero Point deviation
N=[(-12) + (+12)] / 2 = 0
The measured surface is
declining by -12 digits
L =[(-12) - (+12)] / 2 = -12
The Zero Point deviation
is -3 equivalent to '3 Digits
N=[(+7) + (-13)] / 2 = -3
The measured surface is
rising by +10 Digits
L =[(+7) - (-13)] / 2 = +10
Reversal measurement

MINILEVEL "classic" / A10
,1204
1 Digit = 1mV
Position “0”: Instrument turned off
Position “B”: Battery check (minimum i 700)
Position “I”: Value effective = display in digits
x factor 10 x sensitivity
Position “II”: Value effective = display in digits
x sensitivity
1 µm/m 5 µm/m 10 µm/m
In position “I” 12’040 µm/m 60’200 µm/m 120’400 µm/m
In position “II” 1204 µm/m 6020 µm/m 12’040 µm/m
Sensitivities MINILEVEL / 1 Digit = 1 mV
1µm/m 5µm/m 10 µm/m
In position “I” 10 µm/m 50 µm/m 100 µm/m
In position “II” 1 µm/m 5 µm/m 10 µm/m
ML Overview

MINILEVEL "classic" / A10
,005 means +5 Digits
Position II: Measured value = + 5 digits x
sensitivity
005 Position I: Measured value = + 5 digits x
sensitivity x 10
,005
'125 means -125 Digits
`125
Position II: Measured value = - 125 digits x
sensitivity
Position I: Measured value = - 125 digits x
sensitivity x 10
ML Overview

LEVELTRONIC "classic" / A40
LEVELMETER
'1204
A B OUT
1 µm/m 5 µm/m 10 µm/m
Display - 1204 µm/m - 6020 µm/m - 12040 µm/m
Sensitivities MINILEVEL / 1 digit = 1 mV
1µm/m 5µm/m 10 µm/m
Display 1 µm/m 5 µm/m 10 µm/m
LT Overview

LEVELTRONIC "classic" with Levelmeter 25,
Differential measurement
Measuring direction
Levelmeter
LEVELMETER
'1204
Measuring instrument
Red
cable
A B OUT
Reference instrument
Grey cable
LT Overview

MINILEVEL “NT" / A11
1 µm/m: 5 µm/m 10 µm/m
Range 1: +/- 20 mm/m +/- 100 mm/m +/- 200 mm/m
Range 2: +/- 2 mm/m +/- 10 mm/m +/- 20 mm/m
Output:
1mV / 1µm/m 1mV / 5µm/m 1mV / 10µm/m
or Angle in µm/m or Arcsec (Format RS485)
WYLER AG SWITZERLAND
Range II
mm/m
+
M
-
M
Aus/Off
Messen / Measuring
Justierung Nullpunkt
Adjustment Zero
Einstellung Messbereich
Changing Range
MINILEVEL NT /
> 5 sec
> 60 min
+ / -
+ / -
ML NT Display

Display / Output
MINILEVEL „classic“
Output: +/- 2000 mV
1 digit =
MINILEVEL „NT“
1 mV Output:
LM C25
LEVELMETER
'1204
Display :
Range II: +/- 2000 digits
Range I: +/- 2000 digits
+/- 2000 mV
and / or
A B OUT
Display:
Range II: Angle in µm/m or Arcsec
Range I: Angle in µm/m or Arcsec
Angle in
format RS485
LM2000
Display/Output

MINILEVEL “NT" / A11
WYLER
SEAL-TEC R
LCD-Print
Processor-
Print
+/-2V DC
or
RS485
Sensor with pendulum / N 2 (nitrogene)
ML NT Display

MINILEVEL NT and LEVELTRONIC NT
The new productline MINILEVEL NT / LEVELTRONIC NT is well suited for
precision i measurements of small angles.
MINILEVEL NT
LEVELTRONIC NT
- Large LCD digital display, two sensitivities can be selected
(MINILEVEL NT only)
- Precise zero point adjustment by using the push buttons
- Rugged precision aluminium housing for protecting against
external influences
- State of the art digital technology combined with the use of
modern electronic components allows signal output
in digital it and analogue form
- Possibility of connection to a Levelmeter C25 or
Levelmeter 2000, as well as to the Leveladapterset 2000
combined with the flatness measurement software
“WYLER LEVELSOFT”
- Power supply with common 1,5 V-Batteries
- Fulfils the CE requirements (immunity against
electromagnetic smog)
- All standard measuring bases are available
- Available with calibration in Arcsec or µm/m
ML vs LT

Choice of the ideal instrument
MINILEVEL "classic"
"
- Installation and adjustment of machines
- Measurement of surface flatness
- No interference by magnetic
fields (Electric motors etc.)
- Highly shock resistant
- Integrated display
- 2 ranges of measurement, useful
for coarse adjustment
MINILEVEL "NT"
LEVELTRONIC "classic"
- Installation and adjustment of machines
- No interference by magnetic
fields (Electric motors etc.)
-Highly shock resistant
- External display (Levelmeter)
- More accurately than Minilevel when
differential mode is applied
- Measurement of surface flatness LEVELTRONIC "NT"
Auswahl ML-LT

WYLER PROGRAM LEVELSOFT / Introduction
Line /
Straightness
Parallels
with/without twist
Flatness
WYLER Standard
and U-Jack
Rectangularity
Introduction SW LEVELSOFT

Adjustment of Measuring results
The following methods of adjustments are used:
Adjustment
- End points method
- ISO1101
- Linear regression
Example: Measurement of a line
Linear
regression
9.5µm
+6
+4
+2
0
-2
End points
-4
ISO 1101 10µm
-6
9µm
Adjustment ISO1101 Line

Adjustment of Measuring results
The following methods of adjustments are used:
Adjustment
End points method
Example: Measurement of a line
+6
+4
+2
0
-2
End points
-4
10µm
-6
Adjustment ISO1101 Line

Adjustment of Measuring results
The following methods of adjustments are used:
Adjustment
ISO1101
Example: Measurement of a line
+6
+4
+2
0
-2
-4
-6
ISO 1101
9µm
Adjustment ISO1101 Line

Adjustment of Measuring results
The following methods of adjustments are used:
Adjustment t Linear regression
Example: Measurement of a line
Linear
regression
9.5µm
+6
+4
+2
0
-2
-4
-6
Adjustment ISO1101 Line

Measuring a line
(as preparation for flatness
measurement)
SW WYLER according to ISO1101
LEVELMETER
Moving direction '1204
A B OUT
Example:
Sensitivity of instrument: 1 µm/m
Base length: 200 mm
Step length: 180 mm
- -4 + +16 + +2 + -4 -2 +7
Maximum error:
13,5 µm x 180 mm
1000 mm
+16
+2 -4
= 2,43 µm =13,5µm
0
-2
+7
(reduced to the step length of 180 mm)
-4
Linienmessung

Measuring a line
(as preparation for flatness measurement)
Moving direction
- -4
Remark:
0.72 µm
When using the
WYLER-Software for
measuremnt the
effective value will be
read in
-4 µm/m
180 mm
1000 mm
Linienmessung II

Measurement of two guide ways
Exercise
Prosedure:
1. Measuring the reference line
2. Measuring the parallel guide way
3. Measuring the transversal lines
Remarks:
The reliability of the measurement may be
judged by the resulting closure error
Parallel guide way
Reference line
Vermessung von Führungsbahnen

Measurement of 90° angles on
measuring bases and workpieces
1 2
+ -
+ -
α
2 Referenz
1
α
+ -
+ -
Correction =
C + D
2
A + B
2
+ -
2 1
+ -
-
Referenz
α + -
α
Referenz
1 2
+ -
B
A
D
C
Vermessung von Messbasen und rechten Winkeln

Measurement of a 90° angle
Exercise:
4µm
6µm
Vermessung eines rechten Winkels

Measurement of a 90° angle
with Software LEVELSOFT
1. Step: Determining the angular error of the instrument using a master
square with parallel sides
A B C D
Angular error = C + D
2
-
A + B
2
2. Step: Measurement of the 90 deg. angle of the object / 4 different possibilities
1
2
Referenz
2
1
The Wyler LEVELSOFT is leading the way
through the different software menus
2
1
1
2
Vermessung eines rechten Winkels

Measurement of a 90° angle
with Software LEVELSOFT
3. Step: Alignment of the measuring object and determining the error
a) Alignment of the reference line according to ENDPOINTS
ANGLE / ENDPOINTS
0.5 µm
0.4 µm
0.3 µm
02µm 0.2 0.1 µm
0,0 µm
ERROR REFERENCE LINE 0.6 µm
ERROR 2ND LINE BASED ON ISO1101 0.6 µm
The error of the second line is shown
according to the various
alignment methods:
- ISO 1101
- ENPOINTS
- LINEAR REGRESSION
END POINTS 0.2 µm
LINEAR REGRESSION 0.1 µm
CORRECTION OF INSTRUMENT -2,58 µm/m
Vermessung eines rechten Winkels

Measurement of a 90° angle
with Software LEVELSOFT
3. Step: Alignment of the measuring object and determining the error
b) Alignment of the reference line according to ISO 1101
ANGLE / ISO1101
0.5 µm
0.4 µm
0.3 µm
02µm 0.2 0.1 µm
0,0 µm
ERROR REFERENCE LINE 0.5 µm
ERROR 2ND LINE BASED ON ISO1101 0.7 µm
The error of the second line is shown
according to the various alignment
methods:
- ISO 1101
- ENPOINTS
- LINEAR REGRESSION
END POINTS 0.1 µm
LINEAR REGRESSION 0.2 µm
CORRECTION OF INSTRUMENT -2,58 µm/m
Vermessung eines rechten Winkels

Measurement of a 90° angle
with Software LEVELSOFT
3. Step: Alignment of the measuring object and determining the error
c) Alignment of the reference line according to LINEAR REGRESSION
ANGLE / LINEAR REGRESSION
0.5 µm
0.4 µm
0.3 µm
02µm 0.2 0.1 µm
0,0 µm
ERROR REFERENCE LINE 0.5 µm
ERROR 2ND LINE BASED ON ISO1101 0.6 µm
The error of the second line is shown
according to the various alignment
methods:
- ISO 1101
- ENPOINTS
- LINEAR REGRESSION
END POINTS 0.0 µm
LINEAR REGRESSION 0.1 µm
CORRECTION OF INSTRUMENT -2,58 µm/m
Vermessung eines rechten Winkels

Adjustment of Measuring results at an object
with a square angle
Reference measurement ( Reference line)
Adjusted
measuring line
Reference
ISO 1101
9µm
Original
measurement
Tilting the
reference
line
Line
Original
measurement
Adjusted
measuring line
Linear
Regression
Procedure:
1. Measuring the square object
2. Tilting the reference line according to ISO 1101
(square line is tilting identically)
3. Display of the total rectangular error
(in the example measuring line to reference line)
a) according to “End points”
b) according to “ISO 1101” End points 4.5µm
c) according to “linear regression”
Linear Regression
2.1µm
Tilting the line the
same way the
reference line
was tilted
Ausrichtung rechtwinklige Objekte
ISO 1101 9.6µm

Flatness Measurement with WYLER Inclinometers
and WYLER Software
SURFACE GRID WYLER
Length: 1200 mm
Witdh: 800 mm
Maximum error: 4,0 μm
Graphic display of profile
Closure error: 0,3 μm
As an option the connection to a PC is available:
Options:
- Leveladapter
- Measurement-Software
Engineer Set consists of:
- 2 Minilevel "NT"
Operating Systems:
DOS / Win 3.11 / WIN 95 / Win NT 3.5 or higher - Levelmeter 2000
- Cable with „dongle“
Ebenheitsmessungen mit WYLER Messgeräten
und Mess-Software

Flatness measurement with LEVELTRONIC "classic"
Moving direction
Measuring instrument
Personal Computer
LEVELMETER
'1204
Leveladapter 2000
A B OUT
Reference instrument
ATTENTION: - Connect the red cable to the measuring instrument
- Always measure in the direction of the cable
Flächenmessung mit LEVELTRONIC "classic"

Flatness measurement with MINILEVEL "classic"
Moving direction
Personal Computer
Measuring instrument
Leveladapter 2000
Reference instrument
ATTENTION: - Remove batteries (MINILEVEL "classic" only)
- Check the correct sensitivity
- Connect the red cable to the measuring instrument
- Always measure in the direction of the cable
Flächenmessung mit MINILEVEL "classic"

Flatness measurement with LEVELTRONIC NT
Measuring instrument
Personal Computer
LEVELMETER
'1204
Leveladapter 2000
A B OUT
Reference instrument
ATTENTION: - Check the sensitivity when using MINILEVEL NT
- Connect the red cable to the measuring instrument
-Always measure in the direction of the cable
LT NT ML25/Leveladapter 2000

Flatness measurement with MINILEVEL NT
Personal Computer
Measuring instrument
Leveladapter 2000
Reference instrument
ATTENTION: - Check the sensitivity when using MINILEVEL NT
- Connect the red cable to the measuring instrument
-Always measure in the direction of the cable
LT NT Leveladapter 2000

Flatness measurement with MINILEVEL NT or
LEVELTRONIC NT with Levelmeter 2000
Measuring
instrument
Levelmeter 2000
Reference instrument
t
Using a Levelmeter 2000 instead of a Levelmeter C25
additional features are available like:
"ZERO"-Setting, various measuring units, and so on
LT NT Levelmeter 2000

NEW !!!
„Remote Display“ for MINILEVEL and LEVELTRONIC „NT“
LT NT with remote display

Preparation for Flatness Measurement
1. Cleaning of the surface plate (on the previous day)
2. Place the instruments on the surface plate for acclimatization
3. Connecting the instruments (and Levelmeter) to the computer;
remove batteries (Levelmeter, Minilevel “classic” only)
4. Turn on the Leveladapter 2000
5. Turn on the computer (after connecting the
instruments)
6. Adjust surface plate to within +/- 50 µm/m with
Spirit Level or Leveltronic/Minilevel.
Attention: Loosen the safety supports first !
7. Prepare the software programme for the
measurement with the necessary data
Attention: When measuring with 2 Leveltronics
and Levelmeter,
INPUT: "Measurement with one
instrument"
Adjust correct sensitivity
8. Calculation of the best fit grid and draw it on the
surface plate, after that cleaning of the plate again.
Free space at edge minimum 1/2 base width.
9. Execute test measurement, line with
approx. 20 steps without moving the instrument
10. Start with flatness measurement, check correct
switch position of MINILEVEL
11. After the measurement apply MICROPOLISH for conditioning the plate
Vorbereitungen Ebenheit

Basics on surface flatness measurement
Influence of temperature:
A temperature difference of 1 degree Celsius between the upper and the lower side of a plate of
1m length results already in a deformation of the plate of 6 to 7 µm
Surface flatness according to DIN 876 / ISO1101:
Flatness of granite surface plates (DIN 876 / ISO1101)
Quality Maximum error in µm
00 2 x ( 1 + Länge in [m] )
0 4 x ( 1 + Länge in [m] )
1 10 x ( 1 + Länge in [m] )
2 20 x ( 1 + Länge in [m] )
Length: 1200 mm
SURFACE GRID WYLER
Witdh: 800 mm
Choice of measuring base:
Ideal measuring base: Flat steel base with dust groves
Measuring step length:
Maximum error: 4,0 μm
Length of the base Optimal step length Recommended step length
110 mm 90 mm 85 ... 105 mm
150 mm 126 mm 120 ... 145 mm
200 mm 170 mm 160 ... 190 mm
Closure error: 0,3 μm
Schrittlänge

Basics on surface flatness measurement
Prerequisite:
• Max. temp. difference top/bottom = 2°C
• After cleaning: 2 hours drying time
SURFACE GRID WYLER
Length: 1200 mm
Witdh: 800 mm
Grade t 1 in µm
00
0
1
2
2 (1 + Länge in m)
4 (1 + Länge in m)
10 (1 + Länge in m)
20 (1 + Länge in m)
Maximum error: 4,0 μm
Closure error: 0,3 μm
Flatness error of a partial area
Size of area Max. tolerance t 2 in µm
00 0 1 2
250 x 250 mm 3µm 5µm 13µm 25µm
Accepted border zone:
2% of width of plate, max. 20mm
Schrittlänge

Preparation of a granite
surface plate for
flatness measuring
Size of granite plate: 1200 x 800 mm
Measuring system used::
1 LEVELTRONIC 1 µm/m, Base length 200 mm
1 LEVELTRONIC 1 µm/m, Base length 150 mm
Preparation:
1. Preparation according to special
instructions, like e.g. set to level.
cleaning, etc.
2. Defining the edge zone (about ½ of the
width of base, max. 20 to 30 mm)
3. Definition of the measuring step length
4. Drawing the grid on the plate
Vorbereitungen einer Mess- und Kontrollplattefür die Ebenheitsmessung
Supporting points
22% of length
according to “Bessel”
22% of length
edge 30 mm
6 x 190mm
For the example :
Baselength: 200mm
(recommended step length: 160 ... 190 mm)
Step length:
longitudinal 6 x 190 mm + 2 x 30 mm edge
transversal 4 x 190 mm + 2 x 20 mm edge
22%
of width
4 x 190m mm
edge 30 mm

Remarks: Determining the maximum error is always according to ISO 1101
SURFACE GRID WYLER
Flatness according to ISO1101 without
correction of the closure error
Length: 1200 mm
Witdh: 800 mm
The closure error should not exceed
20% to 25% of the max. error
Maximum error: 4,0 μm Closure error: 0,3 μm SURFACE GRID WYLER
Length: 1200 mm
Witdh: 800 mm
Flatness according to ISO1101 with
correction of the closure error
Maximum error: 4,0 μm
Closure error: 0,3 μm
Vermessung von Messbasen und rechten Winkeln

Geometrical inspection of
machine tools
“ROLL” error
“PITCH” error
Roll / Pitch

Geometrical inspection of
machine tools
Inspection of
machine tool table
R
M
R
M
R
M
Geometrical inspection of
an instable structure
Vermessung Maschinen

LEVELMATIC
Precision transducer
Various transducers in different
configurations available
e.g. precision transducers are available
also in two axis configuration with
LED bar display
Levelmatic 30 Levelmatic 31 Levelmatic 34
Measuring range +/- 2 mRad ... +/- 2 mRad... +/- 5 ...
+/- 45 degrees +/- 30 degrees +/- 60 degrees
Linearity 0.5% FS 0.5% FS 0.5% FS
Output signal Levelmeter B25 +/- 2 V DC und +/- 2 V DC
Levelmeter C25
Levelmatic

Inclination measuring instruments
based on
digital technique
Part 3
Digitaltechnik Titel

ZEROTRONIC
Objectives for the development of
the new sensor
•High resolution, high accuracy
•Low temperature dependency
•Digital technique; use of microprocessors
•Measuring range from +/- 1 up to +/- 60 degrees
•Measurement under dynamic conditions
•Display for graphical analysis and on-line monitoring
•Galvanic disconnection for outdoor applications
Ziele ZERO

ZEROTRONIC / Housing gastight
Design of ZEROTRONIC:
- Sensor including pendulum held by
Archimedes helical springs
- RC - Oscillator
- Voltage stabilisator with level-shifter
- Digital frequency counter with calibration data
memory and asynchronous serial port
- Housing and mounting bracket
Pendelum
- Voltage stabilisator
- Digital frequency counter
- Calibration data memory
- Asynchronous serial port
Connector
for RS 485
Elektrodes
Mounting bracket
RC-Oscillator
Housing
gastight
Aufbau ZERO

ZEROTRONIC / Housing gastight
Design of ZEROTRONIC:
- Sensor including pendulum held by
Archimedes helical springs
- RC - Oscillator
- Voltage stabilisator with level-shifter
- Digital frequency counter with
calibration data
memory and asynchronous
serial port
- Housing and mounting bracket
Pendelum
- Voltage stabilisator
- Digital frequency counter
- Calibration data memory
- Asynchronous serial port
WYLER
SEAL-TEC R
Connector
for RS 485
Querschnitt ZERO mit 3 Prints gastight
Elektrodes
Mounting bracket
Housing
gastight
RC-Oscillator

ZEROTRONIC / OUTPUT
TYPE 2
RS485
OUT
IN
F 1 and F 2 [Hz] Measuring rate
Calibration data
Temp [Hz]
OUT
IN
RS485
F 1 and F 2 [Hz]
Calibration data
Temp [Hz]
Measuring rate
TYPE 3
RS485
Angle in [Rad]
(Angle calculated
in sensor)
Measuring rate
Analogue
Output
0.5 ... 2.5 ... 4.5 [V] / 5.0 [V] V DD
4 ... 12 ... 20 [mA] / 12 ... 24 [V] V DD
ZERO gastight OUTPUT digital analog

ZEROTRONIC
Comparison between ZEROTRONIC type 2 and type 3
ZEROTRONIC TYPE 2 ZEROTRONIC TYPE 3
Power consumption
50%
100%
Interface electronic
Identical
Identical
Interface data format
Data volume
transmitted
Host computer
performance
Internal measuring rate
Various
Identical
LARGE
When starting a measurement the
calibration data must be transmitted.
With every measurement the
frequencies F1 & F2 as well as the
calibration data must be transmitted
HIGH
Computing the angle from frequencies
and calibration data received
Depending on the host‘s sampling
rate set:
measurements of objects with low
frequency vibration is difficult
Identical
SMALL
Only the angle in RAD is
transmitted from sensor to host
LOW
Angle is computed in the sensor
The sampling rate in the sensor is
100/ sec.; this allows high quality
measurements on objects with low
frequency vibrations.
- VI for LabVIEW (National Instr)
- Easy programming for customer
ZERO gastight OUTPUT digital analog

Digital measuring gpriciplep
(ZEROTRONIC / CLINO / CLINO 2000)
Pendelum
Selector
Oscillator
Voltagestabilisator
Digital frequency
counter
asynchronous serial
port
(EXT)
GND
+5V
RTA
RTB
PWM
RTS
C1 C2
Connector
(AUX)
R const
Frequency
= f (C)
Inverter
1
SIGNAL
2 Position “Selector”
C var
Frequency
Messproinzip ZERO

Digital measuring principle
principle function of a RC-Oscillator / part 1
U A
R
U A
R
C var U C
C var U C
U C
U A
U C
U A
Charge
t
Discharge
t
Laden/Entladen Kondensator

Digital measuring principle
principle function of a RC-Oscillator / part 2
Simplified description of
“principle function of a Schmittrigger”
U in
U out
Schmitttrigger
U+
U-
U+
U-
t
U+ positive threshold
U - negative threshold
Schmitt-Trigger

Digital measuring principle
RC Oscillator
R const
1 2
Inverter
C left C rigth
Funktion ZERO

Calibration of a digital measuring system
1. Calibration of the
system
F1/F2 (F1,F2)
Number of calibration points:
Clinotronic: 21
Zerotronic: free to chose
2. The calibration points
will be stored
F1/F2 (F1,F2)
Angle
Angle
Kalibrierung I

Calibration of a digital measuring system
F1/F2 (F1,F2)
3. Calculation of the individual
values between the calibration
points by means of interpolation
T=40°C
T=20°C
T= 0°C
Calibration
point
F1/F2 (F1,F2)
Angle
F1 30°
F2 30°
Angle
Setting of calibration device
e.g. -30 degrees
4. Calibration at different
temperatures
Kalibrierung II

Calibration of a digital measuring system
T=40°C
T=20°C
T= 0°C
F1/F2 (F1,F2)
Angle
-50° -40° -30° -20° -10° 10° 20° 30° 40° 50°
Calibration
Measurement
Kalibrierung II

Calibration of a digital measuring system
Typical curves of the frequencies of +CLINO PLUS+
Frequency in [Hz]
Frequency F1
Frequency F2
500‘000
480‘000
460‘000
440‘000
420‘000
400‘000
-50° -40° -30° -20°
-10°
10° 20° 30°
40°
50°
0°
Kalibrierung II

Elimination of ZERO-Offset
Offset
Angle eff
45°
Angle nominal
ZERO-Offset
z.B. 45°
The ZERO-Offset can
be eliminated with a
reversal measurement
ZERO Offset

Elimination of ZERO- and GAIN-Offset
1. ZERO- and Gain-Offset
Angle eff.
2. Eliminating the ZERO-Offset
Angle eff.
Gain-Offset
Angle
nominal
e.g. 45°
45°
ZERO-OffsetOffset
The ZERO-Offset can
be eliminated with a
reversal measurement
(Zerotronic, Clino45
and Clino2000)
Gain-Offset
Angle
nominal
e.g. 45°
45°
3. Eliminating Gain-Offset
Angle eff.
45°
Angle nominal
z.B. 45°
The GAIN-Offset can
be eliminated with a
„stick calibration“
(Clino2000 and ZEROTRONIC only)
Zero-/Gain-Offset

CLINOTRONIC
Most important features:
- Digital measuring system
- Easy to calibrate by the user
- Various units to select
- Standard: Measuring range +/- 45°
Options: +/-30° and +/-10 °
Specifications:
- Settling time / Display < 5 Seconds
- Repetition < 20 Arcsec
- Linearity < 2 Arcmin + 1 digit
Improvements compared to the existing version:
- Reinforced housing / greater stability
- Sensor cell in SEALTEC-quality
- Shorter response time
- No loss of calibration date by battery change
- Standard batteries 1,5V Size AA
- Connection to RS 232 output of PC
Clino 45 Uebersicht

CLINOTRONIC
Exercise:
1. Change and store unit
of measurement
2. Eliminating the zero-offset
offset
by means of a reversal
measurement
3. HOLD function
4. Calibration
a) Calibration manually
b) Calibration at automatically
at Clino Uebung

CLINO 2000
The new digital inclination measuring
instrument for a great variety of
measuring tasks, fulfils all requirements
Most important features:
- Highest possible precision over the large measuring range
of +/- 45° with integrated temperature compensation
- Effortless zero adjustment by using the integrated software
and a reversal measurement
- Most modern digital electronic components
- Fulfils the strict CE requirements (immunity against
electromagnetic smog)
- Easy to calibrate due to the implemented software guidance
and the calibration aids
- Most common units available
- Standard: Measuring range +/- 45°
Options: +/- 60°, +/- 30° und +/- 10 °
Specifications:
- Settling time < 5 seconds
- Resolution 5 Arcsec
- Limits of error: < 5 Arcsec + 0.07% R.O.
- Data connection: RS485, asynchr., 7 Bit, 2 Stopbits,
no parity, 9600 Baud
Clino 2000

ZEROTRONIC / „ANALOGUE“ OUTPUT
Angle = 0
Vcc=5V
0V
Output
Ø 2.5V
Angle = +FS
Ø 4.5V
Angle = -FS Ø 0.5V
F=3.6kHz
100%=277.7µS
10%=27.77µS
Analogue Output
(PWM)
+5V
PWM
GND
Interface
Power supply 12 ... 24V
4 ... 20mA
GND
„Current loop“
R
U R
ZERO gastight OUTPUT analog

ZEROTRONIC
Angle 0 degrees
Sensor-Type
Angle positive;
e.g. +10 degrees
xA - xxx 1° - Sensor
xB - xxx 5° - Sensor
xC - xxx 10° - Sensor
xD - xxx 30° - Sensor
xE - xxx 60° - Sensor
Angle negative;
e.g. -10 degrees
Zero, Nummern

ZEROTRONIC
External
power supply
Transceiver/
Converter
RS232
T
C
ZEROTRONIC-Sensors
with T/C (Transceiver/Converter)
connected to a Personal Computer
RS485
Zero mit T/C

ZEROTRONIC
Transceiver/
Converter
T
C
Levelmeter 2000
RS485
ZEROTRONIC-Sensors
with T/C (Transceiver/Converter)
connected to a Levelmeter 2000
Zero/TC/LM2000

ZEROTRONIC
RS 485
Frequencies f1 und f2
Calibration data
Measuring rate
RS 485
RS 232
Angle and
measuring unit
RS 485
RS 232
DDE /Dynamic
Data Exchange)
Format of data transfer
Header (4) Address (3) Opcode (1) Data (8)
Check-sum (2) Trailer (1)
Transmission data format: asynchron / 7 Bit / 2 Stopbits / no parity
Bit-System

ZEROTRONIC
ASCII in RS232- and RS485-Format
Binary code "7 Bit"
BINARY 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6
DECIMAL 1 2 4 8 16 32 64
ASCII (Basic Code CCITT) - Display of ...
Number “3” 1 1 0 0 1 1 0
Letter “F” 0 1 1 0 0 0 1
Basic Code
RS 232 - Format / V28
V1 < -3V
“1” OFF
V1 > +3V
“0” ON
RS 485 - Format / V11
Delta Va ... Vb < -0.3V “1” OFF
Delta Va ... Vb > +0.3V
“0” ON
Number “3”
S 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 S
Number “3”
S 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 S
+ 3V
> +0.3V
-3V
< -0.3V
Binär-System

ZEROTRONIC
Software-Structure DYNAM
Operating Systems
DYNAM Basic-Software
- very flexible configured
- Parameters like
- Display on the monitor
- Measuring rate
- Selection of filters, and so on are free
selectable
Additional SW for customer
specific applications
The complete SW package will be
prepared by WYLER according to
customers requirements
MS-DOS
Windows 3.11
Windows 95
WIN NT
DYNAM WYLER
WYBASE RS 485-Driver WYANGLE
Sampler Display Printer Analyzer Sender Server
Specific customer’s applications
DYNAM-Struktur

ZEROTRONIC
Software-Structure DYNAM
PANEL
the “cockpit”
DISPLAY
with actual values
Display on the monitor
of a measurement with 2 ZEROTRONIC-
Sensors and continuous monitoring of all
previously measured values
ANALYZER
which displays all
measured measuring
values
Panel/Display

ZEROTRONIC
Software-Structure DYNAM
ANALYZER
Tool to analyse all
previously recorded
measuring values
stored in different files
Analyzer

ZEROTRONIC
Software-Structure DYNAM NEW !!!
Measurements and
Analyzations with
VI‘s from WYLER
for
ZEROTRONIC Type 3
LabVIEW

ZEROTRONIC
Data transmission from short distances
up to several kilometers / 1
Distance up to approx. 15 meters
Distance up to approx. 15 meters
Levelmeter 2000
Levelmeter 2000
Transceiver / Converter
Sensor A
RS 485 BUS
RS 485 BUS
Sensor B
PC
2 Sensors without external
power supply
With additional T/C´s and external
power supply more than 2 sensors
can be connected
2 Sensors with external
power supply
With additional T/C´s and external
power supply more than 2 sensors
can be connected
Distance up to approx. 15 meters
RS 232
2 Sensors with external
power supply and 1 T/C
Up to 31 T/C´s with 2 sensors each
can be connected
Zero Konfig I

ZEROTRONIC
Data transmission from short distances
up to several kilometers / 2
Distance up to 1000 m
Transceiver / Converter
Sensor A
RS 485 BUS
RS 485 BUS
Sensor B
PC
Up to 31 T/C´s with
2 sensors each
can be connected
Distance up to 1000 m
Up to 31 T/C´s with
2 sensors each
can be connected
Up to 30 OPTO transceivers
can be connected
Distance up to
several 1000 m
OPTO-Transceiver
Zero Konfig II

ZEROTRONIC
Applications
A few typical applications for ZEROTRONIC Sensors:
Precision inclination measurement on unstable objects like
Machine tools
Adjustment of moving platforms on boats and vessels
Long term monitoring with data collection and -transfer
Buildings
Construction sites
Bid
Bridges
Dams
Tunnels
Inclination measurement by driving on a road
Various applications
Adjustment of printing machines
Measurement of profiles (aircrafts, racing cars “formula 1”, and so on)
Anwendungen ZERO

ZEROTRONIC
Specifications
ZEROTRONIC ZEROMATIC 50
Measuring range +/- 1 degrees +/- 10 degrees +/- 30 degrees +/- 60 degrees +/- 0.5 degrees
Resolution
1 Measurement/sec
without filter +/- 0.0128 % F.S. +/- 0.00315 % F.S. +/- 0.00454 % F.S. +/- 0.00430 % F.S. +/- 0.00286 % F.S.
with filter +/- 0.00429 % F.S. +/- 0.00100 % F.S. +/- 0.00124 % F.S. +/- 0.00122 % F.S. +/- 0.00100 % F.S.
10 Measurements /sec
without filter +/- 0.0358 % F.S. +/- 0.00888 % F.S. +/- 0.01430 % F.S. +/- 0.01310 % F.S. +/- 0.00859 % F.S.
with filter +/- 0.01280128 % F.S. +/- 0.0031500315 % F.S. +/- 0.0045400454 % F.S. +/- 0.0043000430 % F.S. +/- 0.0028600286 % F.S.
Limits of error in Arcsec Null/Gain Null/Gain Null/Gain Null/Gain Null/Gain
Range incl. drift 0.017 % F.S. 0.0042 % F.S. 0.0046 % F.S. 0.0037 % F.S. 0.015 % F.S.
within 24h/20°C + 0.07 % R.O. + 0.02 % R.O. + 0.01 % R.O. + 0.01 % R.O. + 0.04 % R.O.
Limits of error in Arcsec
Range incl. drift 0.014 % F.S. 0.055 % F.S. 0.037 % F.S. 0.028 % F.S. 0.15 % F.S.
within 6 months/20°C + 0.25 % R.O. + 0.15 % R.O. + 0.1 % R.O. + 0.06 % R.O. + 0.10 % R.O.
Temperatur stability
in Arcsec/°C
Zero point 0.04 % F.S. 0.008 % F.S. 0.005 % F.S. 0.004 % F.S. 0.04 % F.S.
Gain +02% 0.2 R.O. RO +003% 0.03 RO R.O. +002% 0.02 R.O. RO +001 0.01 % R.O. + 0.2 % R.O.
Remarks: F.S. Fullscale
R.O. Readout
Spezifikationen ZERO

ZEROTRONIC
Possible concept for data transfer
Zerotronic Sensors
PC with
WYLER-SW DYNAM
Office
Field
Modem
Modem
Transceiver /
Converter
Data report Alarm Transmission
to another
station
Uebermittlung Daten

ZEROTRONIC
Adjustment of platforms on boats with ZEROTRONIC
Reference platform
1. Step:
“ZERO-Setting” with both sensors
Platform to be adjusted
Reference platform
2. Step:
Measuring the difference
between the two platforms
Platform to be adjusted
3. Step:
Adjustment of the platform according to the measured deviation until the display shows “ZERO”
Schiffs-Plattformen

ZEROTRONIC PROJECT 50
ZEROTRONIC Easy finding of the 90 deg. Deviation
when swivelling the spindle from „horizontal“ to „vertical“.
1. „Zero setting“ by means of reversal
measurement on horizontal
position of the spindle.
saving values (manually or PC)
2. Swivelling spindle 90 deg.
3. „Zero setting“ by means of reversal
measurement on vertical position
of the spindle.
Levelmeter 2000
saving values (manually or PC)
4. Calculating angular difference
between the two positions of the
spindle by means of pocket
calculator or PC.
Maschinen ZERO

ZEROTRONIC
ZEROTRONIC PROJECT 51
Adjustment of various platforms in
large aircrafts during assembly and
maintenance
Reference plate situated at
the forward end of the
cargo floor
1. Easy simultaneous „zero setting“
of 4 sensors
2. Angular difference between the
pairs of sensors easily visualized
on the Levelmeter
Differential measurement easily
possible at various positions.
Aircraft ZERO

ZEROTRONIC Measurement of a road profile
Task:
Continous measurement of inclination by driving on a road
and taking the influence of acceleration into consideration
f 1 , f 2
β 1 = f (f 1 and f 2 )
ASIC WYLER
β 1
Zerotronic
Sensor
β = β 1 - β 2
DYNAM
Encoder ASIC WYLER DYNAM DYNAM
Device for
measuring
the distance
Calculation of the effective inclination β
β = β 1 - β 2
β 2 = f (arcsin a) = f {arcsin [f (s, t)]}
s = f (t) a = f (s, t) β 2 = f (arcsin a)
β 2
β
EMPA
a: Acceleration [m/s 2 ] (=dv/dt = v’ = s’’)
s: Distance [m] f 1 , f 2 : Frequencies Sensors

ZEROTRONIC Measurement of a road profile
EMPA Analyzer